{"page_title":"IslamLand","authors":[{"id":2,"name":"Dr. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Abd Al-Karim Ash-Sheha","slug":"ash_sheha","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":null,"promote":1,"status":1,"created_at":"2013-12-02T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-11-10T08:42:34.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"Dr. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Abd Al-Karim Ash-Sheha"},{"id":3,"name":"Ahmed Al-Amir","slug":"ahmed_al_amir","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":null,"promote":1,"status":1,"created_at":"2013-12-02T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-01-04T22:45:01.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"Ahmed Al-Amir"},{"id":37,"name":"Zakir Naik","slug":"zakir_naik","image":"\/uploads\/avatars\/2017\/12\/non-profile-vlXp.jpg","role":"Author","about":"

DR ZAKIR NAIK - PRESIDENT, IRF<\/span><\/strong>
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\r\nA medical doctor by professional training, Dr Zakir Naik is renowned as a dynamic international orator on Islam and Comparative Religion. He is the president of Islamic Research Foundation, Mumbai. He is 49 years old. Dr Zakir clarifies Islamic viewpoints and clears misconceptions about Islam, using the Qur’an, authentic Hadith and other religious Scriptures as a basis, in conjunction with reason, logic and scientific facts. He is popular for his critical analysis and convincing answers to challenging questions posed by audiences after his public talks.
\r\n
\r\nIn the last 18 years (by the year 2014) Dr Zakir Naik has delivered over 2000 public talks in the USA, Canada, UK, Italy, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, Egypt, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Botswana, Nigeria, Ghana, Gambia, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, Thailand, Guyana (South America), Trinidad, Mauritius and many other countries, in addition to numerous public talks in India. In April 2012, his public talk in Kishanganj, Bihar, in India was Alhamdulillah attended by over one million people being one of the largest gathering in the world for any religious lecture by a single Orator.
\r\n
\r\nAmongst the billion plus population of India Dr Zakir Naik was ranked No. 82 in the ‘100 Most Influential People in India’ list published by Indian Express in the year 2009 and ranked No. 89 in 2010. He was ranked No. 3 in the ‘Top 10 Spiritual Gurus of India in 2009’ and topped this list in 2010. He is ranked in the top 70 list of the ‘500 Most Influential Muslims in the World’ published by George Washington University in the year 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014.
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\r\nHe has successfully participated in several symposia and dialogues with prominent personalities of other faiths. His public dialogue with Dr William Campbell (of USA) on the topic “The Qur’an and the Bible in the light of Science” held in Chicago, USA, in April, 2000 was a resounding success. His inter-faith Dialogue with prominent Hindu Guru Sri Sri Ravi Shankar on the topic "The Concept of God in Hinduism and Islam in the light of Sacred Scriptures" held at Palace Grounds, Bangalore, on 21st Jan. 2006, was highly appreciated by people of both the faiths.
\r\n
\r\nShaikh Ahmed Deedat, the world famous orator on Islam and Comparative Religion, who had called Dr. Zakir “Deedat Plus” in 1994, presented a plaque in May 2000 with the engraving “Awarded to Dr. Zakir Abdul-Karim Naik for his achievement in the field of Da’wah and the study of Comparative Religion”. “Son what you have done in 4 years had taken me 40 years to accomplish, Alhamdulillah”.
\r\n
\r\nShaikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President & Prime Minister of UAE and Ruler of Dubai, presented the prestigious Dubai International Holy Quran Award’s ‘Islamic Personality of 2013’ Award on 29th July 2013, for providing outstanding services to Islam and Muslims at a global level in Media, Education and Philanthropy, to Dr Zakir Naik, along with a cash reward of UAE Dirhams 1 million (approx. US $272,000) which he promptly donated to start a Waqf (endowment) fund for Peace TV Network. Dr Zakir at 47 years, was the youngest recipient of the award.
\r\n
\r\nAgong, Tuanku Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah, the king and head of state of Malaysia, conferred Dr Zakir Naik the highest award of Malaysia the ‘Tokoh Ma’al Hijrah Distinguished International Personality Award for the Year 2013’ for his significant service and contribution to the development of Islam on 5th November 2013. Also presented to
\r\nDr Zakir was a citation plaque signed by the Prime Minister of Malaysia Datuk Seri Mohd. Najib Razak.
\r\n
\r\nShaikh Dr. Sultan bin Mohammed Al Qasimi, Member of the Supreme Council of UAE and Ruler of Sharjah, presented Dr Zakir Naik the ‘Sharjah Award for Voluntary Work’ for the year 2013, for his voluntary services for Islam on an international scale, on 16th January 2014 at a special ceremony in Sharjah.
\r\n
\r\nOn Wed. 15th Oct. 2014 Dr Zakir Naik, servant of Allah, was conferred with two prestigious accolades at a special event in Gambia:-
\r\n
\r\nThe Insignia of the Commander of the National Order of the Republic of The Gambia (the highest national award in Gambia) by the President of The Gambia Dr. Yahya Abdul Aziz Jammeh as well as, The Honorary ‘Doctor of Humane Letters’ (Honoris Causa), by the Governing Council of the University of The Gambia (UTG) in recognition of his outstanding contribution and dissemination of knowledge in promoting research and delivery of community services internationally.
\r\n
\r\nDr Zakir Naik Alhamdulillah has more than 6 million likes on his Face Book in less than 18 months which is not only one of the highest amongst the Muslim Religious English Speakers but also one of the highest amongst any Religious English Speaker in the world.
\r\n
\r\nDr Zakir Naik appears regularly on many international TV channels in more than 200 countries of the world. He is regularly invited for TV and Radio interviews. More than a hundred of his talks, dialogues, debates and symposia are available on DVDs. He has authored many books on Islam and Comparative Religion.
\r\n
\r\nThe idealogue and driving force behind Peace TV Network is Dr Zakir Naik. He launched Peace TV English, in January 2006, it being the largest watched ‘Islamic’ as well as ‘any Religious’ Satellite TV channel presently in the world, with over 100 million viewership of which 25% are Non-Muslims. In its footsteps he launched Peace TV Urdu in June 2009 and Peace TV Bangla in April 2011. InshaAllah, he plans to expand Peace TV network to cover the ten major languages of the world.<\/p>","promote":1,"status":1,"created_at":"2013-12-07T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2017-12-20T19:31:56.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/avatars\/2017\/12\/non-profile-vlXp.jpg","get_name":"Zakir Naik"},{"id":39,"name":"\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632","slug":"abd_\u0391l_aziz_bin_abd_allah_bin_baz","image":"\/uploads\/avatars\/2017\/12\/non-profile-pYX1.jpg","role":"Author","about":"

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/div>","promote":1,"status":1,"created_at":"2013-12-07T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2017-12-17T08:42:56.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/avatars\/2017\/12\/non-profile-pYX1.jpg","get_name":"\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632"},{"id":55,"name":"\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062c","slug":"naji_ibrahim_al_arfaj","image":"\/uploads\/avatars\/2017\/12\/non-profile-GtnD.jpg","role":"Author","about":"

\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 ( 1382\u0647\u0640 - 1962\u0645 )<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n


\r\n·  \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 ( \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1406 \u0647\u0640 - 1986 \u0645 ) .<\/span>
\r\n·  \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0646 (Michigan State University) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a (1410 - 1417 \u0647\u0640).<\/span>
\r\n·       \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 -  \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 1430 – 1433\u0647\u0640.<\/span>
\r\n·       \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627 - \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 1422 – 1426 \u0647\u0640.<\/span>
\r\n·       \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 -  \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/span>
\r\n·       \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f  -  \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/span>
\r\n ·       \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a - \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
\r\n·       \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a (www.etawasol.org)<\/span>
\r\n·       \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n·       \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/span>
\r\n -     \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 - \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 ( 1418 \u0647\u0640 ).<\/span>
\r\n-     \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 -  \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 ( 1419 -1421 \u0647\u0640 )<\/span>
\r\n-  \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629  \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 ( 1422 \u0647\u0640 ) \u062d\u062a\u0649 ( 1426 \u0647\u0640 ) \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a .<\/span>
\r\n-      \u0631\u0634\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 ( 1425 \u0647\u0640 ).<\/span>
\r\n-      \u0631\u0634\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 ( 1426 \u0647\u0640).<\/span>
\r\n-     \u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (1428 \u0647\u0640).<\/span>
\r\n-     \u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1330 \u0647\u0640).<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644:<\/span>
\r\n §  \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645  -  \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645  -  \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a- \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 - \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a – \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0629 .<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 -  \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a- \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645). \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 1413\u0647\u0640.<\/span>
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\r\n§       \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0632 - \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
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\r\n§  \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 1426 \u0647\u0640.<\/span>
\r\n§   \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 1426 \u0647\u0640.  \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0632<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
\r\n§        \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 1424 \u0647\u0640. <\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 1427 \u0647\u0640. <\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/span>
\r\n §       \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629  \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 MI-TESOL.<\/span>
\r\n§        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 (TESOL ) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 1428 \u0647\u0640. <\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 ( \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0629 1428 \u0647\u0640. <\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 ( \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0629 ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 1428 \u0647\u0640. <\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 ( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 ) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 1428 \u0647\u0640. <\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 ) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 1429 \u0647\u0640. <\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 2011\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n
\r\n     \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 2004\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a 2006\u0645. \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u062c 2007\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 2009\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 2009\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 2008\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 2009\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 ( \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a) \u0648(\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062b) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 ( \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c).<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 2009\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 2010\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 2011\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 ) \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 2011\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 ( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 ) \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 – \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a 2011\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627.<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span>
\r\n §   \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 25 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 (\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u062c\u064a).<\/span>
\r\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a :<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 (\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
\r\n§   \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 .<\/span>
\r\n§   \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a ( \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0632) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 ) \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0628\u064a - \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a ) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0637\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a : \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 ) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 ( \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 ) \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 .<\/span>
\r\n§  \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 ( \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d ) \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 .<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a ( \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a ) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 14- 16 \/ 6 \/ 1433 \u0647\u0640<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n§  \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 ) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( Reaching Out ) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 ) \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628 ) \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 ) \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 ) \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629) \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 ) \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 ) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\r\n§   \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 .<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 ( \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 ) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 – \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a ( \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629) .<\/span>
\r\n\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645:<\/span>
\r\n ·  \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 ( \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 ) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n·       \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 ( \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u061f ) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n·  \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u061f ) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n·  \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u061f ) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 .<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629:<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 2004- 2007\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 2004\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 2007\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 2009\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/span>
\r\n\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \/ \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062c<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span>
\r\n   
\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637<\/span>
\r\n1402 \u0647\u0640 – 1406<\/span>
\r\n1986 -  1982<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n 
\r\n   
\r\n- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 – \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 (English ).<\/span>
\r\n- \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/span>
\r\n( \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a\u0647 ).<\/span>
\r\n- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 - \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 - \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 1986 \u0645 .<\/span>
\r\n- \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/span>
\r\n- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 – \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 - \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644.<\/span>
\r\n1407 – 1409 \u0647\u0640<\/span>
\r\n1989 - 1987 \u0645<\/span>
\r\n   
\r\n- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646. \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\/ \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 (\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647).<\/span>
\r\n- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628.<\/span>
\r\n1410 – 1417 \u0647\u0640<\/span>
\r\n1997 - 1989 \u0645<\/span>
\r\n   
\r\n- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n- \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0643\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 .<\/span>
\r\n- \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0631\u0634\u062d  \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 ).<\/span>
\r\n- \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n1418 – 1419 \u0647\u0640<\/span>
\r\n1999 - 1998 \u0645<\/span>
\r\n   
\r\n- \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 - \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 .<\/span>
\r\n- \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b ( \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b ) \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
\r\n1420 – 1421 \u0647\u0640<\/span>
\r\n2001 - 2000 \u0645<\/span>
\r\n   
\r\n- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0632 ( \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628.<\/span>
\r\n1422 – 1433 \u0647\u0640<\/span>
\r\n2012 - 2002 \u0645<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n 
\r\n   
\r\n - \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627.<\/span>
\r\n- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 -  \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 2009<\/span>
\r\n- \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a  2009\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/div>","promote":1,"status":1,"created_at":"2013-12-13T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2017-12-20T19:34:06.000000Z","language_id":2,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/avatars\/2017\/12\/non-profile-GtnD.jpg","get_name":"\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062c"},{"id":57,"name":"\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0628","slug":"ibrahim_abo_harb","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":"\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:\r\nhttp:\/\/www.islam-guide.com \u0648 http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 45 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646.","promote":1,"status":1,"created_at":"2013-12-15T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2013-12-15T09:00:00.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0628"}],"books":[{"id":19,"title":"Women in Islam and Refutation of some Common Misconceptions","slug":"women-in-islam-refutation-of-some-common-misconceptions-1432798897","image":"\/uploads\/books\/images\/2025\/1\/black-and-silver-minimalist-fantasy-romance-book-cover.png","hint":"

This book discusses the special place women have in the religion of Islam and seeks to address some of the many misconceptions and false propaganda published by those who are ignorant of this religion or harbor a malicious intent to purposely misrepresent this religion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/div>","arabic_notes":"

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/strong>
\r\n <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/div>","book_text":"

Women in Islam<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>
\r\n& Refutation of some Common Misconceptions<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n


\r\nBy:
\r\nDr. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Abd Al-Karim Ash-Sheha<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Translated by:
\r\nAbu Salman Deya ud-Deen Eberle
\r\nEdited by:
\r\nAbu Ayoub Jerom\u0113 Boulter
\r\nAbdurrahman Murad<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Second edition - edited by:
\r\nEUROPEAN ISLAMIC RESEARCH CENTER (EIRC)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

WWW.ISLAMLAND.COM
\r\n <\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n


\r\n 
\r\nThis book deals with the following questions and issues:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n


\r\n•    The state of women through the ages: women in the pre-Islamic Arab society; Indian society; Chinese society; Greek society; Roman society; traditional Jewish society; traditional Christian society; and modern secular society.
\r\n•    Matters in which Men and Women are equal in Islam: in basic humanity; in application of obligations; in rewards and punishments in this worldly life and the hereafter; in ownership and the freedom of financial transaction; in preserving the honor and nobility; in mandatory education; and in bearing responsibility towards reforming the society.
\r\n•    Women’s status and rights in various stages of life in the Muslim society: as a baby, child and young girl; as a sister; as a wife; as a mother; as kinsfolk and neighbor, and as a woman in general.
\r\n•    Misconceptions about women’s rights and obligations in Islam and their refutation: on polygyny; on leadership and responsibility; on the marriage Contract and guardianship; on divorce; on testimony; on inheritance; on blood money; on employment; and on Hijab (covering head and face).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Table of Contents<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n


\r\n•    Foreword of Translator
\r\n•    Preface
\r\n•    Introduction
\r\n•    Demands about Women's Rights
\r\n•    Status of Women throughout the Ages: Women in the Pre-Islamic Societies and Civilizations
\r\n•    Women's Rights in Islam: in general, as children and daughters, as sisters, as wives, as mothers.
\r\n1.    Care for Women in General, and the Equality of Men and Women in Islam, and their complementary nature to one another
\r\n2.    Women as Children and Daughters
\r\n3.    Women as Wives
\r\n4.    Women as Mothers
\r\n5.    Women as Kinfolks and Neighbors
\r\n6.    Misconceptions about Women in Islam
\r\n7.    Polygyny in Islam
\r\n8.    Power of Guardianship in the Marriage Contract
\r\n9.    Financial and Moral Responsibilities of the Household
\r\n10.    Honor Killing
\r\n11.    Power to Divorce is with the husband
\r\n12.    Women's Rights of Inheritance
\r\n13.    Blood Money
\r\n14.    Testimony of Women
\r\n15.    Travel Without Closely Related Male Escort
\r\n16.    Women's Right to Work
\r\n17.    On Hijab (covering head & face)
\r\n18.    Beating Women is Forbidden in Islam
\r\n•    Conclusion<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 
\r\nPreface
\r\nAll praise is due to Allah the Exalted. May Allah exalt the mention of His Prophet and his household and render them safe from every derogatory thing
\r\nI believe that I cannot present any new information on the issues related to women’s rights and the place of women in Islam. Therefor I have attempted to collect, arrange and summarize some of the relevant information on this subject and present it for the benefit of the reader. I hope and pray for guidance from Allah the Exalted that I am successful in reaching my goals.
\r\nIt is a great injustice to accuse Islam of wrongdoing and oppression to women when there are many statements of the revealed book of Allah, the Qur'an, and of the teachings of the Prophet (\ufdfa) which negate and disprove this false slander. Allah, the Exalted, says:
\r\n" \u064a\u064e\u0627\u0623\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062b\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0634\u064f\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 "
\r\n“O Mankind! We have created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know one another. Verily, the most honorable of you in the Sight of Allah is the believer who has Taqwa (piety and righteousness). Verily, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware” [49:13]
\r\nAllah, the Exalted, also says:
\r\n" \u0648\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0622\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0633\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0648\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0622\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0644\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064d \u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e ". (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 21)
\r\n“And among His Signs is that He created for you wives from among yourselves, that you may find peace and repose in them, and He has put between you affection and mercy. Verily, in that are indeed signs for people who reflect” [30:21]
\r\nThe Prophet \ufdfa said:
\r\n" \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 "
\r\n “Verily women are the twin halves of men.” [Abu Dawood #234 , Tirmidhi #113 & others]
\r\n 
\r\nIntroduction
\r\nVarious calls for women’s freedom, liberation and equal rights have been heard all over the world, and many slogans have been coined for the marches. In some societies women have indeed lived under oppression, cruelty and injustice, and have been denied basic rights of humanity. Nor is it denied that some Muslims have deviated from the Islamic principles and teachings. Islamic law, on the other hand, has collected women’s rights in a comprehensive and balanced system of human rights and obligations. Close examination of the slogans propagated by the international women's liberation movements show that they revolve around three elements: women's liberation, equal rights with men and women's rights. We will examine them in the light of Islamic law and teachings, regardless of the practices of some of the ignorant and deviant Muslims.
\r\nFirstly, the word "liberation" indicates that there are shackles, bonds and restrictions in place, and secondly, that women are enslaved and must be liberated. This is ambiguous and misleading since absolute liberty is impossible, regardless of whether they are men or women. Mankind is naturally restricted by the limitations of innate limited abilities, and necessities of social organization. Both men and women must live in a social environment under certain laws, rules and regulations that govern and organize the various affairs of life. Does that mean that man is not free and independent in his actions, or that he is clear from the responsibility of his deeds? Can anyone be free of natural limits and legal restrictions? If they are slaves, then the question becomes, to whom? Any so called freedom and liberty has natural and legal limits, which, if exceeded, will lead to destructive activities that all recognize as indecent, uncivilized and criminal. Islamic law decreed that both men and women seek freedom and liberation from idolatry, tyranny, exploitation and injustice. The divinely revealed principles and laws teach and advocate strict monotheism, justice and noble morality. Within this framework men and women have inter-dependent and complementary roles. Islamic law granted women the right to deal in many affairs within the society directly, rather than dealing via a guardian. Women in Islam are officially responsible and in charge of running all their affairs whether economical, social or otherwise, as in many societies. For her protection and maintenance, her father, brother, uncle and husband - the stronger sex - are obligated and legally bound to guard her honor and maintain her sustenance and proper living circumstances according to their abilities, throughout the stages of her life. Is this demeaning her position, or elevating it? Islam has forbidden men and women equally from being indecent publicly, and this translates differently for the two sexes for natural reasons. All must protect virtue in private, and guard themselves in public. Islamic law protects women from intimidation and molestation, and this demands that no one of either gender commit acts that are sexually provocative or enticing to the other. For this reason Islamic law requires modest clothing for her protection when going out of the home, and prohibits open ended free intermingling, and any type of physical touching of the other sex.
\r\nIslam illustrates the concept of freedom and liberty in such a way that individual behavior must not be harmful to the individual or destructive to the society at large, as graphically illustrated in the words of the Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) when he said in an authentic tradition:
\r\n" \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0624\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627 "
\r\n“The example of a person who observes the laws of Allah and the person who violates them are examples of two groups of people who gathered on a ship and decided to divide their places. One group received the upper deck as their lot, while the other group received the lower part of the ship. Whenever the people in the lower part needed water they had to pass through the people on the upper deck. The people in the lower part thought to themselves: 'If we drill a hole in our portion of the ship, we can have access to the water without disturbing the party on the upper deck.' If the group on the upper deck allows them execute their plan, all the people will be destroyed, and if they forbid them from doing so, they all will be safe.” [Bukhari #2361 & others]
\r\nA well-known German thinker and philosopher, Schopenhauer said:
\r\n"Grant woman total and absolute freedom and liberty for ONE YEAR ONLY, and check with me after that to see the results of such freedom. Do not forget that you (all), along with me, will inherit virtues, chastity and good morals. If I die (before then) you are free to say either: "He was wrong!" or "He hit the heart of the truth!"
\r\nAn American female reporter, Helesian Stansbery, who is syndicated in over 250 newspapers, worked in the area of journalism and broadcasting for over 20 years, and visited numerous Muslim countries had this to say at the end of one of her visits to a Muslim country:
\r\n“The Arab-Islamic society is wholesome and healthy. This society must continue to protect its traditions that restrict both its males and females to a certain and reasonable degree. This society definitely differs from the European and American societies. The Arab-Islamic society has its own traditions that impose certain restrictions and limitations on women and give special respect and status to parents… First and foremost, the most strict restrictions and limitations are on absolute sexual freedom that truly threatens both the society and the family in Europe and the United States of America. Therefore, the restrictions that are imposed by the Arab-Islamic society are valid and beneficial as well. I strongly recommend that you adhere to your traditions and code of ethics. Forbid coeducation. Restrict female freedom, or rather, return back to the full 'purdah' (veiling) practices. Truly this is better for you than the sexual freedom of Europe and the United States of America. Forbid coeducation because we have suffered from it in the USA. The American society has become sophisticated, full of all forms and terms of sexual freedom. The victims of sexual freedom and coeducation are filling the prisons, sidewalks, bars, taverns and whorehouses. The (false) freedom that we have granted to our young females and daughters has turned them to drugs, crime and white slavery. Coeducation, sexual freedom and all other types of "freedom" in the European and American societies have threatened the family and shaken moral values and ethics."
\r\nThe question that poses itself to women's liberation advocates is: What is the truly the best, most beneficial and most protective system for the preservation of the honor, dignity and protection of women?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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\r\nDemands for Women's Rights
\r\nWomen worldwide demand equal rights. There is not a system of law that preserves, maintains and protects what are truly women’s rights, as much as Islamic law does, whether in the past or in modern times. This will be verified and substantiated in the following sections of the book.
\r\nSir Hamilton, the well-known English thinker and philosopher, stated in his book on Islam and Arab Civilization:
\r\n"The rules, regulations and verdicts concerning women in Islam are clear, frank and open. Islam capitalizes on the complete care that should be given to the protection of a woman against anything that may harm her personally, or cause ill-fame to her reputation or character."
\r\nGustave Le Bon, the well-known French thinker stated in his book “The Arab Civilization”:
\r\n“Islamic virtuous deeds are not limited to honoring and respecting women, but rather, we can add that Islam is the first religion to honor and respect women. We can easily prove this by illustrating that all religions and nations, prior to the advent of Islam, caused much harm and insult to women.” [p.488]
\r\nHe also points out:
\r\n“Matrimonial rights which have been stated and illustrated in the Glorious Qur'an and by the interpreters of the meanings of the Glorious Qur'an are far better than European matrimonial rights for both husband and wife.” [p.497]
\r\nOver fourteen hundred years ago, Islam began to spread to the known world from Makkah, and then Madinah, where the Prophet of Allah, Muhammad bin Abd Allah (\ufdfa) taught his message. Islam spread its light through the teachings of the revealed scriptures of the Glorious Book of Allah, the Qur'an, and the inspired traditions of the Sunnah (Way) of Prophet (\ufdfa) which are the undisputed basis of the Islamic law. The Islamic teachings and system of law had a profound impact on the lives of the followers of Islam, and consequently, this impact affected the societies in the lands where Muslims traveled and settled. Islam spread very rapidly in an astounding manner in the known world and left a comprehensive system of life that addresses every human need. Islam does not contradict, clash with or reject any of the lawful, sound and meaningful requirements of the human being's existence, which are essential to his continuity in life.
\r\nIn order to understand changes that Islam brought for women, we must examine briefly the status of women prior to the advent of Islam in the Arab society and other civilizations in the world.
\r\n 
\r\nStatus of Women throughout the Ages:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Women in the Pre-Islamic Societies and Civilizations
\r\nWomen suffered great injustices in the pagan Arab society and were exposed to diverse kinds of humiliation prior to the mission of the Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa). They were treated like material property to be disposed of at the whim of the male guardian. They were not entitled to inherit from their parents or husbands. Arabs believed inheritance should only be granted to those who had martial abilities, like being able to ride a horse, fight, gain war booties and help protect the tribe and clan territory. Since women in the pagan Arab society did not generally have these qualities, they were themselves inherited like any moveable commodity after the death of an indebted husband. If the deceased husband had adult sons from other marriages, the oldest son amongst them had the right to add her to his household, just as a son inherits other chattels of his deceased father. She was unable to leave the house of her stepson unless she paid a ransom.
\r\nAs a general practice, men had the freedom to acquire as many wives as they desired with no set limits. There was no system of law and justice that would forbid a man from committing any injustice towards his wives. Women had no right to choose, or even consent to being chosen as a partner for marriage; they were simply given away. Women were forbidden to remarry if a husband divorced them.
\r\nIn the pre-Islamic era of Arabia, fathers commonly became extremely angry and disgraced with the birth of a female child into their family. Some considered it an evil omen. Allah, the Exalted, describes the father's reception of the news about the birth of a daughter:
\r\n" \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062b\u064e\u0649 \u0638\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0648\u064e\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0638\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064c (58) \u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0649 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0633\u064f\u0648\u0621\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0633\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0647\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064d \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064f\u0651\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e (59) "
\r\n“When the news of (the birth of) a female is brought to any of them, his face becomes dark, and he is filled with inward grief! He hides himself from the people because of the evil (and shame) of that which he has been informed. Shall he keep her with dishonor, or bury her in the dirt? Certainly, evil is their decision…” [16:59]
\r\nWomen were not even able to practice some of the most natural of rights. For instance eating certain types of foods was allowed only for males. Allah, the Exalted, records this in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n" \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0628\u064f\u0637\u064f\u0648\u0646\u0650 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650 \u062e\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0635\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0650\u0630\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064c \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627 "
\r\n“And they say: What is in the bellies of such cattle (whether milk or fetus) is for the male alone, and forbidden from our females, however, if it was born dead, then all have shares therein...” [6:139]
\r\nThe hatred of female babies prompted Arabs to bury them alive. Allah, the Exalted, states in the Glorious Qur'an with reference to the Day of Requital:
\r\n"\u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0621\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0633\u064f\u0626\u0650\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0652 (8) \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0630\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0628\u064d \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0652 (9)"
\r\n“And when the female buried alive shall be questioned: for what sin was she killed?” [81:8-9]
\r\nSome fathers used to bury their female children alive if the child was leprous, lame or with birth defect. Allah (\ufdfb) states in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n" \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062e\u064e\u0634\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0646\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0646\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0632\u064f\u0642\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0642\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u062e\u0650\u0637\u0652\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 "
\r\n“And kill not your children for fear of poverty. We provide for them and you. Surely, the killing of them is a great sin.” [17:31]
\r\nThe one honor afforded to women during the pre-Islamic era was the protection of her person, family and tribe, and the revenge against any who humiliated or dishonored her, but even this was more for male pride, dignity and tribal honor than a concern for the female gender.
\r\nThis situation of women in the Arab society led Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Caliph of the Muslims (\uf074) to say, as reported by Muslim:
\r\n"\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0639\u064f\u062f\u064f\u0651 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0632\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0632\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e"
\r\n“By Allah, we didn’t use to think that women had anything until Allah revealed about them what He revealed in the Qur’an, and distributed to them what He distributed…” [Bukhari #4629 & Muslim #31]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Women in Indian Society
\r\nIn Indian society women were treated generally as maids or slaves as if they had no will or desire of their own. They had to follow their husbands in all matters. Women were given as payment for loss to a gambling opponent. To show devotion, they were forced to burn themselves alive by jumping onto the funeral pyre of their husbands after their death. This practice, called “sutti” continued until the end of the 17th century when this custom was outlawed in spite of the dismay it caused the Hindu religious leaders. Although outlawed formally, sutti was widely practiced until the end of 19th century and still continues in some of the remote areas of India. In certain regions of India, women are offered to the priests as concubines, or as prostitutes to be exploited. In others, they were sacrificed to the Hindu gods to please them or seek rain. Some Hindu laws even declare that:
\r\n“The predestined patience, the blowing wind or tornadoes, death, hellfire, poison, snakes and fire are no less evil than women”.
\r\nIt is also stated in Hindu religious books, that
\r\n"When Manna [the Hindu god of creation] created women he imposed onto them the love of bed, seats, decoration [make-up], filthy lust (of all types and kinds), anger, rebellion against honor and dignity and evil attitudes, behavior and conduct."
\r\nIn the teachings of Manna Herma Sistra concerning women, one can read:
\r\n "A woman may live without a choice regardless of whether she is a little girl, a young lady or a mature woman. A young girl is under the command and choice of her father. A married woman is under the command and choice of her husband. A widow is under the command and choice of her male children, and she may never become independent (after the death of her husband). A widow may never remarry after the death of her husband, but rather, she must neglect all that she likes in terms of food, clothes, and makeup until she dies. A woman may not own or possess anything, as whatever she may gain or acquire shall go straight and immediately to the ownership of her husband."<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In some rare cases, a woman had several husbands at the same time.  No doubt this made her as a prostitute in society.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Women in Chinese Society
\r\nWomen in Chinese society occupied a low and degraded status. They were customarily assigned the most despised and least important jobs and positions. The male child was looked upon as a "gift" from the gods, and treated accordingly. As for the female child, she had to endure multiple hardships, like the binding of her feet in order to cripple her from running and other customs. A Chinese proverb says:
\r\n"Listen to your wife, but never believe what she says."
\r\nThe status of women in the Chinese society was not much better than that of the pagan pre-Islamic Arab and the Indian societies.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 Women in Greek Society
\r\nAmong the Greeks, women were degraded to the extent that men claimed that women were nothing but the epitome of evil. There was no system to protect women in that society. They were deprived of the rights to education; bought and sold like any other commodity; deprived of the right of inheritance; and considered as minors with no rights to make any transactions regard to possessions and wealth. Women were subjected to the will of men throughout their lives. Divorce was an absolute right of men. The common situation of women in the society led some Greek thinkers to say:
\r\n"Woman's name must be locked up in the house, as it is the case with her body."
\r\nGustave Le Bon, the French thinker, stated about the status of women in the Greek society in his book "Arab Civilization":
\r\n"Greeks, in general, considered women to be the lowest creatures of the low. They were useful for nothing other than reproduction and taking care of the household affairs. If a woman gave birth to an 'ugly, retarded or handicapped' child, the man could take the liberty to kill the (unwanted or undesirable) child."<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Demosthenes, the well-known Greek orator and thinker said:
\r\n"We Greek men enjoy the company of prostitutes for sexual pleasure; 'girl-friends' and 'sweet-hearts', to care of our daily needs, and we marry to get 'legitimate' children."
\r\nFrom this licentious double standard, and depraved morality, we can see what fortune women had in such a society based on the statement issued by one of their top rank, well-known thinkers.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Woman in Roman Society
\r\nA woman in Roman society was also looked upon as an inferior being that could not run her own affairs. All authority was in the hands of men who totally dominated all private and public affairs. Men even had the authority to sentence their wives to death in certain cases when accused of specific crimes. The authority of man over woman in the Roman society included the right to sell her, punish her with tortuous punishments, send her into exile or kill her. The woman in Roman society had to listen to and obey all commands given by the man. And they were deprived of the right of inheritance.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Woman in Jewish Society
\r\nWomen in traditional Jewish society were not more fortunate than those previously described. In the Old Testament women were described as follows:
\r\n"I applied mine heart to know and to search, and to seek out wisdom, and the reason of things, and to know the wickedness of folly, even of foolishness and madness: And I find more bitter than death the woman, whose heart snares and nets, and her hands as bands…" [Ecclesiastes (7:25-26)]
\r\nIn the Septuagint, it says,
\r\n“And if a man sells his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do. If she pleases not her master, who has betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be redeemed: to sell her unto a strange nation he shall have no power, seeing he has dealt deceitfully with her. And if he had betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters. If he takes him another wife, her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish. If he does not do these three unto her, then shall she go out free without money." [Exodus (21:7-11)]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Thus, if a Jewish woman got married, her guardianship was transferred from her father to her husband and she became as one of his possessions such as his house, his slave, his maidservant or his money or wealth.
\r\n Jewish teachings and laws deprived the girl of her father's inheritance if the father had other male children. In the Old Testament, the Septuagint, it says:
\r\n"And thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel, 'If a man dies, and has no son, then ye shall cause his inheritance to pass unto his daughters'." [Numbers (27:8)]
\r\nMoreover, Jewish men never slept in the same bed with a menstruating woman, or ate with her or drank with her. Jewish men used to isolate themselves fully from a menstruating woman until she was completely free from her menses.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n


\r\nWoman in Christian Society
\r\nChristian priests went to the extreme of considering the woman as the cause of "original sin" and the source of all catastrophes from which the entire world has suffered. For this very reason, the physical relationship between man and woman has traditionally been labeled as "filthy" or "dirty" even if it were officially done and performed within a legitimate marriage contract.
\r\nSaint Trotolian says:
\r\n"Woman is the Satan's pathway to a man's heart. Woman pushes man to the "Cursed Tree." Woman violates God's laws and distorts his picture (i.e. man's picture)."
\r\nWieth Knudesen, a Danish writer, illustrated the woman's status in the middle ages saying:
\r\n"According to the Catholic faith, which considered the woman as a second class citizen, very little care and attention was given to her."
\r\nIn 1586 a conference was held in France to decide whether women should be considered as human beings or not. The conference came to a conclusion that:
\r\n"Woman is a human being, but she is created to serve man."
\r\nThus, the conference approved the rights for women as human beings, a matter that was previously in doubt and undecided! Moreover, those who attended the conference did not decide on full rights for the woman, but rather; she was a follower of man and a maidservant to him with no personal rights. This decision was in effect until 1938, when, for the first time, a decree was issued to abrogate all the laws that forbid a woman from conducting her own financial affairs directly and opening a bank account in her own name.
\r\nEuropeans continued to discriminate against women and deprive them of their rights throughout the Middle-Ages. It is also surprising to know that English laws turned a blind eye to the selling of one's wife! The rift between the sexes, men and women, continued to increase, so much so that women became fully under the control of men. Women were stripped completely of all their rights and whatever they owned. All that a woman owned belonged to her husband. For instance, until very recently women, according to the French law, were not considered capable of making their own financial decisions in their private ownership. We can read article 217 of the French law that states:
\r\n"A married woman has no right to grant, transfer, bond, own with or without payment, without her husband's participation in the sale contract, or his written consent to it, regardless of whether the marriage contract stipulated that there should be a complete separation between the husband's and wife's possessions and ownership of various items."
\r\nDespite all amendments and modifications, which occurred in these French laws, we can still see how these laws are affecting married French women. It is a form of civilized slavery.
\r\nFurthermore, a married woman loses her surname (family's name) as soon as she enters into a marriage contract. A married woman shall carry the family name of her husband. This, of course, indicates that a married woman will only be a follower of her husband and she will even lose her personal identity.
\r\nBernard Shaw, the well-known English writer says:
\r\n"The moment a woman marries; all her personal possessions become her husband's in accordance to the English law."
\r\nLastly, there is one more injustice that has been imposed upon the woman in the Western society which is that a marriage bond is made to last forever, in accordance with legal and religious teachings. There is no right of divorce (according to Catholicism, at least). Husband and wife are only separated from each other physically. This separation may have contributed to all sorts of social decay and corruption, such as having affairs, mistresses, boyfriends, girlfriends, as well as possibly prostitution, and homosexual and lesbian relations. Moreover, a surviving widow is not given the chance to remarry and lead a normal married life after the death of her husband.
\r\nNo doubt, what is called modern western civilization and which endeavors to dominate the globe, is indebted to the Greek and Roman traditions for its civil foundations, and to the Judaic-Christian traditions for its ideological and religious foundations. The abuses mentioned above collectively led, due to gradual and eventual effects of technological and social modernization, to the expected and natural reaction: movements demanding women’s rights in the society, led by thinkers, educators, lobbyists, and human rights and women rights’ activists. The pendulum was set to swing in the other direction, and they demanded absolute equal rights and liberation from male chauvinism and abuses. In many of the modern secular societies, women are indeed given numerous equal rights, but at the same time, equality has exposed them to the molestation and double standards rampant in the immoral materialistic culture that markets her as an object of sexual desire, for sale, contract or rent. The ensuing breakdown of the family unit, and the widespread sexual immorality, abortion, homosexuality, and criminal deviancy from sexual liberation, has led to some counter reactions in the society, especially from the religious conservatives, but apparently, the trends are too strong to turn the tide back.
\r\n In this global context, and from this historical legacy, we will present the salient features of women’s rights in Islam and shed light on some common misconceptions in order to show the superiority of following Allah’s guidance rather than men and women guiding each other by whim and desire.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 
\r\nWomen's Rights in Islam: in general; as children and daughters; sisters; wives; mothers, and as kinfolk and neighbors
\r\nIslam deals with women in a comprehensive way in the context of her relationship with Allah, her Creator and Lord, with herself as a part of humanity, and with man, her partner and natural spouse in the family. During the presentation below, keep in mind the rights that other societies grant them in comparison to the rights to which Islam has entitled women. It is noteworthy that Islamic teachings are attentive to the needs and rights of the weaker gender throughout her life: as a daughter, sister, wife, mother, and as a member of the Islamic society.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Equality of Men and Woman in Islam, and their complementary nature to one another
\r\nIn one sense, equality between men and women is possible and reasonable because they are both human, with similar souls, brains, hearts, lungs, limbs, etc. In another sense, equality between men and women is impossible and an absurdity due to their natural differences in physical, mental, emotional and psychological qualities, inclinations and abilities. Between these two we must tread to illuminate how they are equal, and how they are complimentary.
\r\nIf total equality between all members of the same gender is impossible due to natural differences in strengths and other qualities, regardless of whether the gender is masculine or feminine, then it is definitely impossible between the two genders. Allah, the Exalted and Almighty, says in the Glorious Qur’an:
\r\n"\u0648\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0650\u0651 \u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0621\u064d \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0632\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e (49)"
\r\n“And of everything We have created pairs, that you may remember (the Grace of Allah).” [51:49]
\r\nEven atoms exhibit this dual quality with inter-related and complementary roles played by the positive and negative particles and ions, yet each is an integral part of the whole system of the so called binary basis of all life. Most living beings have male and female sexes for reproduction. As the science of biology teaches us, all mammals have similar traits in their molecular and glandular structures that determine differences in gender. These basic physical, psychological and sexual traits have their definite effects on other spheres of life.
\r\nIt is natural for a man to need and find fulfillment with a woman and for a woman with a man, since they are created one from the other and for one another. They both are inseparably bound to each other. Neither can they find fulfillment except when in the company of the other as legal and honorable mate and spouse, as Allah (\ufdfb) says in His Majestic Book, the Qur’an, mentioned in the two verses cited in the preface:
\r\n{\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062b\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0634\u064f\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064c \u062e\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064c (13)}
\r\n“O Mankind! We have created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know one another. Verily, the most honorable of you in the Sight of Allah is the believer who has Taqwa (piety and righteousness). Verily, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.” [49:13]
\r\nIn many instances Islam treats women as equals to men. Some of them are given below. In the coming sections we will expand on these themes in various contexts throughout the book.
\r\n1) Both the male and the female are equal in terms of their humanity. Islam does not categorize women, for instance, as the source of evil in the world for some “original sin” that caused Adam (\uf075) to be dismissed from Paradise, or to be the cause of evil in the world by setting loose a Pandora’s box of vices, as some other religious doctrines and fables teach.
\r\nAllah, the Exalted and Almighty, states in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n{" \u064a\u064e\u0627\u0623\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0627\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0646\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0633\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0648\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0632\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0628\u064e\u062b\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u062b\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0646\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a \u062a\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0631\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 (1) "}
\r\n“O mankind! Be dutiful to your Lord, Who created you from a single person (Adam), and from him (Adam) He created his wife (Eve), and from them both He created many men and women...” [4:1]
\r\nAllah also states in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n{ \u0623\u064e\u064a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0633\u064f\u062f\u064b\u0649 (36) \u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f \u0646\u064f\u0637\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0649 (37) \u062b\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0649 (38) \u0641\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u0651\u0648\u0652\u062c\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064e\u0651\u0643\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062b\u064e\u0649 (39) \u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0631\u064d \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0652\u064a\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0649 (40) }
\r\n“Does man think that he will be left neglected without being punished or rewarded for the obligatory duties enjoined by his Lord (Allah) on him? Was he not a mixed male and female discharge of semen pouring forth? Then he became a clot; then (Allah) shaped and fashioned (him) in due proportion, and made him into two sexes, male and female. Is He not able to raise to life those who are dead?” [75:36-40]
\r\nAllah illustrated in the verses that He created both sexes from one single source. There is no difference between the two sexes in terms of qualifications in humanity, and each complements the other as the two genders of the species. Islam has abolished and abrogated all the previous unjust laws that demoted women as inferior in quality and nature. The Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n" \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 "
\r\n“Verily, women are the twin halves of men.” [Abu Dawood #234 , Tirmidhi #113 & others]
\r\n2) Equal religious duties and rituals are required from both women and men. Testimony of Faith (Shahaadah), Prayer (Salah), Obligatory Charity (Zakah), Fasting (Saum), and Pilgrimage (Hajj) are equally required of both genders. In some cases the requirements are a bit easier on women to alleviate their special cases of hardship. For instance, in consideration of her health and physical condition, menstruating women or a woman in the state of postnatal bleeding and recuperation are absolved from the duty of prayers and fasting. She is required to make up the days of fasting missed due to menses and postnatal bleeding, but not her prayers, as that would be too burdensome.
\r\n3) Both males and females have similar rewards for obedience and penalties for disobedience in this world and the Hereafter. As stated by Allah in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n{ " \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0635\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u064d \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062b\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064c \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0646\u064f\u062d\u0652\u064a\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u062d\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0629\u064b \u0637\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0646\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0632\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e (97) " }
\r\n“Whoever does righteous acts, whether male or female, while he is a believer, verily, to him We will give a good life, and We shall pay them certainly a reward in proportion to the best of what they used to do.” [16:97]
\r\nAnd the Lord Most Majestic says:
\r\n{ " \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u062a\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064e\u0627\u0634\u0650\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064e\u0627\u0634\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0635\u064e\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0635\u064e\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0638\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0641\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u062c\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0638\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0643\u0650\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0643\u064e\u062b\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0643\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0638\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 (35) " }
\r\n“Surely for men who submit to Allah and for women who submit to Allah, for believing men and for believing women, for devout men and devout women, for truthful men and truthful women, for steadfast men and steadfast women, for humble men and humble women, for charitable men and charitable women, for fasting men and fasting women, for men who guard their chastity and women who guard their chastity, for men who remember Allah much and for women who remember Allah much, for all of them Allah has prepared forgiveness and a mighty reward.” [33:35]
\r\n4) Women have the same moral obligations and are entitled to the same general rights as men in guarding chastity, integrity and personal honor and respect, etc. No double standards are allowed. For instance, those who falsely accuse a chaste woman of adultery or fornication are publicly punished, just as if a man is slandered. Allah, the Exalted, states in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n{" \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0652\u0635\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u062b\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0634\u064f\u0647\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0652\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062b\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u062c\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0634\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064e\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0647\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e (4) "}
\r\n“And those who accuse chaste women, and produce not four witnesses, flog them with eighty lashes, and reject their testimony forever. Indeed, they are those who are disobedient to Allah.” [24:4]
\r\n5) Women are equally qualified and allowed to engage in financial dealings and property ownership. According to Islamic law women can own, buy, sell and undertake any financial transaction without the need for guardianship, and without any restrictions or limitations - a situation unheard of in many societies until modern times.
\r\n6) Islam indicates that a man who honors, respects and deals with women justly and integrally, possesses a healthy and righteous personality, whereas a man who mistreats them is an unrighteous and unrespectable man. The Prophet of Allah \ufdfa said:
\r\n"\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645"
\r\n“The most complete believer in his faith among the believers is the best in character, and the best of you are those who are the best to their wives.”  [Tirmidhi #1162 and verified]
\r\n7) Islam entitles women to the same rights as men in terms of education and cultivation. The Prophet of Allah \ufdfa said, as reported and authenticated by the scholars of prophetic traditions:
\r\n" \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 "
\r\n“Seeking knowledge is compulsory for each and every Muslim (i.e. both male and female).” [Ibn Maajah #224 & al-Baihaqi and verified]
\r\nMuslim scholars collectively agreed that the word "Muslim" when used in revealed scriptures includes both male and female, as we indicated in parenthesis. Thus, Islam entitles women to the same right of education in order to understand the religious and social obligations, and obligated them both to raise their children in the best manner, in accordance with the right Islamic guidance. Of course women have certain obligations in bringing up their children that are commensurate to their abilities and men have complementary obligations to finance, protect and maintain according to their added responsibilities in the family unit.
\r\nThe Prophet (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n[\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646‏"‏ \u0648\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647]‏
\r\n“Whoever takes care of two girls until they attain maturity, he and I will come on the Day of Resurrection like this.” The Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) then joined his fingers to illustrate this. [Muslim #2631]
\r\nAbout female slave girls, the Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n[\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646]
\r\n“Whoever has a female child with him (under his guardianship from slavery), whom he educates properly, teaches good manners, and then frees and marries her, will have a double reward.” [Bukhari #97 & Muslim #154]
\r\n8) Men and women have similar obligations and responsibilities to reform and correct the society to the best of their capability. Men and women shoulder the responsibility of enjoining good and forbidding evil equally, as Allah, the Exalted, states in the Qur'an:
\r\n{" \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0636\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0636\u064d \u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u0651\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0633\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0632\u0650\u064a\u0632\u064c \u062d\u064e\u0643\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064c "}
\r\n“The believers, men and women, are helpers, supporters, friends and protectors of one another, they enjoin all that is good, and forbid all that is evil, they offer their prayers perfectly, and give Zakah (Obligatory Charity) and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah will bestow Mercy on them. Surely Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.” [9:71]
\r\n9) Men and women have set and determined rights to receive their fair share of wealth, just as they are obliged to give Zakah (Obligatory Charity) according to the set calculation. All Muslim scholars unanimously agree upon this. A woman has her set share of inheritance, as will be discussed in more detail later, which was a right unthinkable in many societies.
\r\nAllah (\ufdfb) says:
\r\n{" \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0646\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0644\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0646\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u062b\u064f\u0631\u064e \u0646\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0636\u064b\u0627 (7) " }
\r\n“There is a share for men from what is left by parents and those closely related, and there is a share for women from what is left by parents and those closely related, whether the wealth be small or large: a legal mandatory share.” [4:7]
\r\n10) A woman, just like a man, can give someone the right of seeking refuge and security among the Muslims. Allah, the Exalted, says:
\r\n{" \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0643\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062c\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0647\u064f \u062d\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u062b\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u0650\u063a\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f "}
\r\n“And if one of the polytheists seeks refuge, give him until he hears the words of Allah, then take him to his place of security.” [9:71]
\r\nThe Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n" \u0648\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064c \u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0649 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652‏.‏ \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u060c \u0644\u0627\u064e \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0635\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u0639\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0644\u064c\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0630\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u060c \u0644\u0627\u064e \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0635\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u0639\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0644\u064c ‏"‏‏.‏
\r\n“…And the asylum granted by any Muslim is to be secured by all the Muslims, even if it is granted by one of the lowest social status among them; and whoever betrays a Muslim, in this respect will incur the curse of Allah, the angels, and all the people, and none of his Compulsory or optional good deeds will be accepted on the Day of Resurrection.” [Bukhari #6755]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This is also proven by the famous story of Um Hani' (Mother of Hani') when she gave protection to a polytheist who sought refuge with her on the day of the conquest of Makkah after her relative threatened to kill that person (for some past enmity) so the Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) said,
\r\n" \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0626 "
\r\n“We protect and give asylum to whomever you give asylum O Um Hani'.” [Bukhari #350]
\r\nThese are just some of the rights, mentioned here as examples in a summarized way to indicate the comprehensive nature of the Islamic jurisprudence.
\r\n 
\r\nWomen as Infants, Children and Daughters
\r\nAllah, the Exalted, states in the Glorious Qur'an concerning the necessity and importance of the preservation and care of new born children, the very first right of the child:
\r\n" \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062e\u064e\u0634\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0646\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0646\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0632\u064f\u0642\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0642\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u062e\u0650\u0637\u0652\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 "
\r\n“And kill not your children for fear of poverty. We provide for them and for you. Surely, such a killing is a great sin.” [17:31]
\r\nIslam requires parents to give their children beautiful names, take proper care of them, take care of all their needs, provide for them reasonably in accordance with the parent's income, and ensure a decent, respected and honorable life for them.
\r\nAnd the authentic prophetic tradition says:
\r\n"\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0623\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644"
\r\n “Verily Allah has prohibited for you to be disobedient and ungrateful to your mothers … or to bury your daughters alive…” [Bukhari #1407 & Muslim #593]
\r\nThus they have the right of blood money if killed, as it is reported by Aishah:
\r\n"\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064f\u0630\u064a\u0644\u064d\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0652 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064d \u0641\u0642\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0652\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0646\u0650\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064e\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u062f\u064a\u0629\u064e \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0629\u064c\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u064c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064c\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u062f\u064a\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627"
\r\n“Two women from Huthail tribe fought and one threw a stone and killed the other and that which was in her womb, the relatives of the killer and the relatives of the victim submitted their case to the Prophet (\ufdfa) who judged that the Diya (blood money) for the fetus was a male or female slave, and the Diya (blood money) of the woman (i.e. 100 she-camels) was to be paid by her clansmen.” [Bukhari #3512 & Muslim #1681]
\r\nAllah, the Exalted, states in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n"\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u062d\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0648\u062f\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0631\u0650\u0632\u0652\u0642\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0648\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0650 "
\r\n“Mothers shall nurse their children for two whole years, for those parents who desire to complete the term of suckling, and the father of the child shall bear the cost of the mother's food and clothing on a reasonable basis.” [2:233]
\r\nCare and guardianship of children is the most important right after the right of (milk) nursing by the mother. The mother is entitled to the custody of the child, son or daughter at the early stage of life, between the ages of one and thirteen or fourteen. This applies particularly in cases of divorce due to essential differences between parents. Islam entitles the mother to her child’s custody during early childhood because she, generally, is more caring and attentive to the child's needs. 'Abd Allah bin Amr related that a woman came to the Prophet (\ufdfa) complaining about her husband saying:
\r\n"\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0628\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0648\u064e\u062b\u064e\u062f\u0652\u064a\u0650\u064a \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0633\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0648\u064e\u062d\u0650\u062c\u0652\u0631\u0650\u064a \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u062d\u0650\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f \u0637\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0642\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0632\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0650\u0651\u064a \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 ‏ "‏ \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0651 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0643\u0650\u062d\u0650\u064a ‏"‏‏."
\r\n“My womb held my baby as a fetus, my breast nursed the baby as an infant, and my lap carried the child for a long time. Now the father divorced me and he wants to rip the baby away from me!" He (\ufdfa) said: “You deserve the child's custody more as long as you do not remarry.” [Abu Dawood #2276 & others]
\r\nParents are obligated to treat all their children mercifully and with compassion. Abu Hurairah (\uf074) reported:
\r\n\u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0644‏:‏ \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0639‏:‏ \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627‏.‏ \u0641\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644‏:‏ "\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062d\u0645"‏.‏
\r\nThe Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) kissed Hasan ibn Ali (his grandson) in the presence of Aqra' ibn Habis at-Tameemi who said, “I have ten children and I never kissed any of them.” Upon that he looked at him and replied: “Whoever does not have mercy will not receive mercy.” [Bukhari #5651]
\r\nIslamic law stipulates that parents must care and pay attention to their children, especially girls for their special needs.
\r\nThe Prophet (\ufdfa) also said:
\r\n« \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u062d\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u064f\u063a\u064e\u0627 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e ». \u0648\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0647\u064f.
\r\n“Whoever supports two girls till they attain maturity, he and I will come on the Day of Resurrection like this.” The Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) then joined his fingers to illustrate this. [Muslim #2631]
\r\nIslamic laws and teachings mandate that parents raise their children with the best manners and offer them a sound, beneficial and healthy education. The Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n‏" \u0643\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0625\u062b\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647‏ "‏‏.
\r\n“It is enough sin for a person to neglect those for whose care he is responsible.” [Muslim #996]
\r\nIbn Umar (\uf074) reported that the Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n« \u0643\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0651\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0631\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0651\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0626\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064c \u060c \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0648\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0626\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0648\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0626\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u0650 \u0632\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0649\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0626\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064c \u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062f\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0633\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0626\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064c \u060c \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0651\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0631\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0651\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0626\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064c ».
\r\n “Each one of you is a guardian and each one of you is responsible for those under his care. A ruler is a guardian and is responsible for his citizens. A man is a guardian of his family and is responsible for them. A woman is a guardian in her husband's home and is responsible for whatever is under her care. A servant is a guardian of his master's wealth and is responsible for whatever is under his care. Each one of you is a guardian and each one of you is responsible for whatever is under his care.” [Bukhari#853 & Muslim #1829]
\r\nIslam commands justice in all matters and this general ruling is applied to all children regardless of their sexes. Allah, the Exalted, states in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n{ \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0631\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0625\u0650\u062d\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u064a\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0630\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0649 \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u063a\u0652\u064a\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0638\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e (90) }
\r\n“Verily Allah enjoins justice and the doing of good, and liberality to kith and kin, and He forbids all shameful deeds, wickedness, and injustice and oppression. He admonishes you that you may take heed.” [16:90]
\r\nAishah, the Prophet’s wife and the mother of the believers (\uf079) said:
\r\n"\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0645\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0643\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u0629\u064c \u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u062b\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e\u062b\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0637\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0645\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0651\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u062a\u0650\u064a \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0634\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0646\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0635\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e ‏ "‏ \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0628\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0650"
\r\n“A poor woman came to my door carrying two little girls. I offered them three dates (i.e. since I had nothing else). She gave each of her two girls a date, and lifted the third one to her mouth to eat. Both her daughters urged her to feed them more, so she split the last date into two pieces and gave one half to each of her two daughters. I admired what the woman had done and told the story to the Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) who said upon hearing it: “Verily Allah obligated paradise for her due to this act of hers” or “liberated her from the Hellfire due to this act of hers”.” [Muslim #2630]
\r\nAnd in another authentic narration he said at the end:
\r\n« \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0644\u0650\u0649\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0634\u064e\u0649\u0652\u0621\u064d \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0643\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0633\u0650\u062a\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0650 ».
\r\n“He who is involved (in the responsibility) of (bringing up) daughters, and he accords benevolent treatment towards them, there would be protection for him against Hell-Fire.” [Bukhari #1352 & Muslim #2629]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Islam calls for material and emotional justice and fair treatment from both parents to their children, regardless of their sexes. A male child is not to be given special preference over a female child, or vice versa.
\r\nThe Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) said to one of his companions who had given a present to only one of his children:
\r\n‏"‏\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645‏\u061f‏‏"‏ \u0642\u0627\u0644‏:‏ \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644‏:‏ ‏"‏\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0643\u0645‏"‏
\r\n“Did you give all your children like this?” He said: “No.” He said: “Fear Allah and be just with all of your children.” [Muslim #1623]
\r\nIslam emphasizes the importance of taking care of orphans. Being an orphan has a great negative impact on the mental, spiritual and emotional status of a child. This state may lead an orphan to deviation or corruption at times, especially if the orphan exists in a society that does not give him due care, fulfill his needs and be kind and merciful to him.
\r\nIslam pays special attention to the welfare of orphans, males and females alike. Islam requires that the immediate relatives of that orphan take good care of him\/her. If there are no relatives, then it becomes the responsibility of the Islamic State to take care of them, manage their affairs and provide them with care. Allah, the Exalted, states in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n" \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0631\u0652 (9) "
\r\n“As for the orphans, do not treat them with harshness.” [93:9]
\r\n 
\r\nAllah, the Exalted, also states in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n{ \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0649 \u0638\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0628\u064f\u0637\u064f\u0648\u0646\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0646\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 (10) }
\r\n“Verily, those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans, they eat up only a fire into their bellies, and they will be burnt in the Blazing fire!” [4:10]
\r\nThe Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n" \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629‏ "
\r\n“O Allah, I declare inviolable the rights of two weak ones: the orphans and women.” [Haakim #211 & Tabarani]
\r\nHere he indicates the great sin to perpetrate any harm or injustice to these two, who, according to their natural weakness in the society, often are neglected or denied their rights.
\r\nAllah's Prophet (\ufdfa) also said:
\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645‏:‏ "\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a" \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627‏:‏ \u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646‏\u061f‏ \u0642\u0627\u0644‏:‏ ‏"‏\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a” ‏(‏\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647‏)‏‏.
\r\n“Avoid the seven cardinal sins that cause destruction.” The companions asked: “O Prophet of Allah! What are these sins?” He said: “To associate others in the worship of Allah, to practice sorcery, to kill a human soul for no just reason, to deal with interest, to devour the wealth of an orphan, to flee from the battlefield, and to accuse the innocent, chaste, believing women with adultery.” [Bukhari #2615 & Muslim #89]‏
\r\nMany other Prophetic statements have been reported as urging believing Muslims to sponsor orphans, take good care of them, be kind to them, and demonstrate love and affection for them. For instance he said (\ufdfa):
\r\n"‏ \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627‏"‏ \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627‏.‏ ‏(‏‏(‏\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a‏)‏‏)‏‏.
\r\n"I and the guardian of an orphan are like these two in Paradise.” He then indicated with his index and middle fingers. [Bukhari #4998]‏
\r\n    
\r\nIslam cares for the welfare of those illegitimate children who, through no fault of theirs, are left without any acknowledgement from their parents. The Islamic government is required to take care of such children, exactly as any other orphan so that they may become, by the will of Allah, normal and beneficial members of the society. As the Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) said as a general ruling of benevolence:
\r\n" \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u062f \u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627 "
\r\n “…you have reward for (doing good to) every living being.” [Bukhari #2334]
\r\nIslamic jurisprudence obligated the fathers (or guardians) to ask the opinion of the daughters when it comes to marriage, as her opinion is an essential condition for the validity of the marriage. She is free from any coercion, and may accept the person or reject a proposal.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n:" \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0630\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0643\u062a "
\r\n“A divorced or widow should not be married without her permission and a virgin girl must not enter wedlock until she approves.” They asked: “And how does she approve O Messenger of Allah?” He said: “She stays quiet (i.e. out of shyness but doesn’t indicate disapproval).” [Bukhari #4843]
\r\nImam Ahmad and others report that 'Aishah (\uf079) said:
\r\nA woman came to Allah's Prophet (\ufdfa) and said:
\r\n\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0629\u064c \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0640 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0640 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a \u0632\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u062c\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062e\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650 \u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0628\u0650\u064a \u062e\u064e\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0633\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f ‏.‏ \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0641\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 ‏.‏ \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0632\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0635\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062f\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0634\u064e\u0649\u0652\u0621\u064c ‏.‏
\r\n“O, Prophet of Allah! My father offered me in marriage to his nephew to elevate his social status.” Allah's Prophet (\ufdfa) returned the matter to her hands, to accept and approve the marriage or to reject. The woman said: “I approve now of what my father has done, but I wanted to teach other women that their fathers have no right in this (to force them to marry whoever they want).” [Ahmad #25027]
\r\nThis is because daughters are precious, as the Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) said in a verified tradition:
\r\n" \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0643\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0650\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0646\u0650\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064f "
\r\n“Do not force the daughters and girls for they are precious and delightful companions.”  [Ahmad #17411 and verified]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n


\r\nWomen as Wives
\r\nAllah, the Exalted, says in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n" \u0648\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0622\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0633\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0648\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0622\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0644\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064d \u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e (21) " \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 21
\r\n“Among His signs is that He created for you wives from among yourselves, that you may find tranquility in them, and He has put between you affection and mercy.” [30:21]
\r\nOne of the great signs of the Benevolence, Mercy and Power of Allah, the Exalted, is that He created for mankind mates, one from the other, so that they are comforted, satisfied and assisted by one another.
\r\nThe basic foundation of the society is the family, and the husband and the wife are co-partners in that family upon which a Muslim home is established. For the success of the family and the tranquility of the home, Islam grants each spouse certain rights and duties. We will only focus on the rights of the wives in the following section.
\r\nDowry: A dowry is the right of every bride at the time of marriage. A marriage contract is not considered legal and complete unless and until a dowry has been specified. This right cannot be forfeited, even if the bride approves, until after the marriage contract is completed. The dowry belongs to the woman entering marriage, and she has the freedom to do whatever she wants with what she owns after the marriage contract is fulfilled. Allah, the Exalted, states in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n" \u0648\u064e\u0622\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0635\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0646\u0650\u062d\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0637\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0621\u064d \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0646\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f \u0647\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 (4) " \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 4
\r\n“Give the women whom you marry their dowry with a good heart. If they remit any part of it to you, of their own good pleasure, take it and enjoy it fully without fear of any harm.” [4:4]
\r\n 
\r\nThe husband is not allowed to take anything back from the dowry if he decides later to divorce her; as Allah, the Exalted, states in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n" \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062f\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0628\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0632\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u064d \u0645\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0632\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0622\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u062d\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0642\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062e\u064f\u0630\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062e\u064f\u0630\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0628\u064f\u0647\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 (20) \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0641\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062e\u064f\u0630\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0636\u064e\u0649 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0636\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0636\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u064a\u062b\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0638\u064b\u0627 (21) ". \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 20
\r\n“If you intend to replace a wife by another and you have given one of them a huge sum of gold as dowry, take not the least of it back; would you take it wrongfully without a right and with a manifest sin. And how can you take it back while you have entered with intimate relationship unto each other, and they (the wives) have taken from you a firm and strong covenant?” [4:20-1]
\r\nThis verse indicates, significantly, the sacredness of the marriage vows and the intimacy of the marriage relationship, as well as the right of retaining the dowry gift in case of divorce. Allah, the Exalted, also states in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n" \u064a\u064e\u0627\u0623\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0622\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u062d\u0650\u0644\u064f\u0651 \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0631\u0650\u062b\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0636\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0622\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062a\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u0634\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0645\u064f\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0646\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0634\u0650\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650 \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u062b\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 (19) " \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 19
\r\n“O you who believe! You are forbidden to inherit women against their will, and you should not treat them with harshness, that you may take away part of the dowry you have given them, unless they commit open illegal sexual intercourse. Live with them honorably; if you dislike them, it may be that you dislike a thing and Allah brings through it a great deal of good.” [4:19]
\r\nThis verse ensures the wife's rights and complete justice even if the man dislikes her for any reason. This is also mentioned in an authentic prophetic tradition wherein Abu Hurairah (\uf074) reported that the Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n"\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647"
\r\n“A believer must not hate a believing woman (i.e. his wife): if he dislikes one of her characteristics, he will be pleased with another.” [Muslim #1469]
\r\nFinancial Support: The husband must give honorable and sufficient sustenance to his household according to his status and means. Allah, the Exalted, says:
\r\n" \u0644\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0642\u0652 \u0630\u064f\u0648 \u0633\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0650\u0631\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0631\u0650\u0632\u0652\u0642\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0642\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0622\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0641\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0646\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0622\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0633\u064e\u064a\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0639\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064d \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627 (7) "
\r\n“Let the rich man spend according to his means, and the man whose resources are restricted, let him spend according to what Allah has given him. Allah puts no burden on any person beyond what He has given him. Allah will grant after hardship ease.” [65:7]
\r\nIf a sufficiently rich man refuses to spend on his family in accordance with his level of means, and the wife was able to take a portion of his wealth, she may take that which satisfies her essential needs and that of her children, avoiding wastage and extravagance. Hind bint 'Utbah came to the Prophet (\ufdfa) complaining about her husband, saying:
\r\n"‏ \u062e\u064f\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0643\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0643\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0650 ‏"‏‏.‏
\r\n“My husband is a miser and does not spend enough on me and his children.” He replied: “Take whatever suffices you and your child within proper bounds.” [Bukhari #5049]
\r\nIf a husband came under heavy financial strain and was incapable of fulfilling his family's financial needs, or if he left his wife for an extensive period of time, whereby the wife was harmed due to that absence, the wife is entitled to seek court intervention, if she desires to annul that marriage, as indicated by the verdicts of the jurists in Islamic jurisprudence.
\r\nThe Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) explained these rights when he said:
\r\n\u0641\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0630\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u062c\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0628\u0650\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u0627\u064e \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0637\u0650\u0626\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0641\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0636\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0636\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062d\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0631\u0650\u0632\u0652\u0642\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0648\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0650
\r\n“Fear Allah in (the affairs of) women for you have taken them by the oath of Allah, and made their intimate relations legal by the sacred word of Allah: your right is that no one you dislike should (be allowed to enter) sit on your bed (or cushions), and if this happens then you may hit them lightly, and their right is that you feed and clothe them within proper bounds.” [Muslim #1218]
\r\nThe Prophet (\ufdfa) said to his companion Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqas (\uf074):
\r\n\u0648\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064e \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0642\u064f \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629\u064e \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u062a\u0650\u0643\u064e
\r\n“No amount you spend on your family seeking reward from Allah but that He will reward you even if it is a bite of food that you put in your wife’s mouth.” [Bukhari #259]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Justice, Equality and Fairness: Men who are married to more than one wife are required to act with justice, fairness and equality in dealing with them. This includes provision, clothing, housing and sharing his time, concerns and intimate relations. Allah, the Beneficent, says:
\r\n\u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u0650\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0652\u0633\u0650\u0637\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0649 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0652\u0643\u0650\u062d\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0637\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u062b\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u062b\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062b\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u0650\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 (3)
\r\n“And if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphan-girls, then marry (other) women of your choice, two or three or four, but if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one or (the captives and the slaves) that your right hands possess. That is better to prevent you from doing injustice.” [4:3]
\r\nThe Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062c\u064f\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0644\u0652 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0634\u0650\u0642\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0633\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0637\u064c
\r\n“When a man has two wives and he is not just between them, he will come on the Day of Judgment with one of his sides fallen (drooping).” [Abu Dawood #2133, and verified]
\r\n    
\r\nThis indicates that the husband must demonstrate justice, fairness and equality amongst all his wives. He is warned of this dire punishment of paralysis and deformity in the hereafter, just as he paralyzed and deformed the rights of one of his wives in this world.
\r\nIt is unlawful for a man to mistreat his wife in any fashion with abuse, hardships, harassment, undue burdens, insults, beatings, abuse to her wealth and funds, forbidding her from lawful outings, etc in an attempt to force her to pay all that she possesses as ransom to her husband so that he may release her through divorce. Islamic laws do permit the husband to impose certain restrictions upon the wife that displays some immoral and shameful conduct, dishonorable to him and his family, and harmful to the entire society and social order. The purpose of these restrictions is to seek her to return to proper behavior. Those who continue to act indiscreetly, leading to suspicion of actual infidelity may be offered divorce, just as she may seek “Khul’” wherein she asks for dissolving the marriage contract due to his misbehavior.
\r\nProtection and Preservation: A husband must protect and prevent his wife and children from any possible harm or immorality to the best of his abilities. Allah, the Exalted, says:
\r\n{ \u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0622\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0646\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e\u0629\u064c \u063a\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0638\u064c \u0634\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064c \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e (6)}
\r\n“O you who believe! Save yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel is Men and Stones, over which are (appointed) angels stern (and) severe, who disobey not the Commands they receive from Allah, and do what they are commanded.” [66:6]
\r\nAll that protects from unlawful and shameful deeds is commendable, but extremism is not. He (\ufdfa) also said:
\r\n"‏ \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0651 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0628\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0631\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064d ‏"‏
\r\nThere is a kind of jealousy that Allah loves and a kind which He hates: the kind that he loves is in the doubtful acts, and the kind he hates is in the acts without any doubt.” [Abu Dawood #2659 & Nasa`e #2558]
\r\nCertain types of jealousy are acceptable and commendable, and others are not, as the Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) explained above, and in a verified tradition he said:
\r\n"‏ \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u064a\u064e\u063a\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u063a\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f \u0648\u064e\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062a\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 ‏"‏
\r\n“Verily Allah gets jealous and the believer gets jealous and the jealousy of Allah is to see a believer doing unlawful acts…” [Bukhari #4925, & Muslim #2761]‏<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Companionship, care and intimate relationships: A husband must live with his wife honorably, kindly and with respect. He must maintain a decent, clean and acceptable appearance when he relaxes in his household, just as he likes his wife to do for him at home, since this is only mutual respect and decency to one another. The Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) said, encouraging and explaining the comprehensive principle about good character and behavior:
\r\n"\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645"
\r\n“The most complete believer in his faith among the believers is the best in character, and the best of you are those who are the best to their wives.”  [Tirmidhi #1162 and verified]
\r\nThe Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) used to mend his own clothes or shoes and help his wives with their daily chores. His wife Aishah (\uf079) was once asked:
\r\n\u0633\u0626\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627‏:‏ \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647‏\u061f‏ \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a‏:‏ \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647 -\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649‏:‏ \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647- \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629
\r\n“What did the Messenger of Allah use to do while at home?” She responded: “He used to serve and assist his household, and when he would hear the call to prayer, he would leave to pray.” [Bukhari #644]
\r\nThe Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) was always pleasant, kind and caring to all, and would occasionally play and joke politely with his family members. The Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n" \u0643\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0651 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0648 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064f \u0628\u064e\u0627\u0637\u0650\u0644\u064c \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0651 \u0631\u064e\u0645\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0633\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0628\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0651 ‏"‏
\r\n“All idle pastimes that the Muslim man engages in are falsehood, except for his shooting of his bow, his training of his horse, and his playing with his wife, for they are from truth.” [Nasa'e #8939 and verified]
\r\nThis tradition indicates that most pastimes and amusements are built merely for play, a waste of time and are therefore without reward, except these mentioned above which are useful, lawful, and fulfill valid beneficial purposes. Allah's Prophet (\ufdfa) is also well known for being cheerful and decent in joking with his family and playing with them. An example of this fun pastime is when 'Aishah (\uf079) the mother of the believers was on a journey along with the Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa), and after she said:
\r\n\u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0634\u064e\u0629\u064e\u060c \u0631\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0633\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u064d \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e\u0642\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0642\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0631\u0650\u062c\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0649\u064e\u0651 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e\u0642\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e ‏ "‏ \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u062a\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0629\u0650 ‏"‏
\r\n“I had a race with him (the Prophet) and I won the race. When I became fleshy, (again) I had a race with him (the Prophet) and he won. The Prophet (\ufdfa) said to me upon winning the race: “This (win of mine makes up) for that (win of yours).” [Ahmad #26320]
\r\nThe Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) is reported to have sat in the house for a short while with his family, talking to them, giving them company and showing kindness, before going to sleep, and after offering the late evening prayer. In the authentic traditions we find that Ibn ‘Abbas (\uf074) narrated:
\r\n\u0631\u0642\u062f\u062a\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0650 \u0645\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629\u064e \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u064f\u0651 \u0635\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 . \u0644\u0650\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064e \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0635\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0650 . \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u064f\u0651 \u0635\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0650\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u064b . \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u064e\u062f\u064e . \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064e . \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 : \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0636\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651 .
\r\n“I slept at the house of Maymunah (his aunt and the Prophet's wife) one night to see the Prophet’s worship in night prayer. He talked with his wife for a period of time, and then slept. Later in the night he awakened and prayed what Allah had written for him.” [Bukhari #4293 & Muslim #763]
\r\nAllah, the Exalted, states in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n" \u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0629\u064c \u062d\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062c\u064f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0622\u062e\u0650\u0631\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0643\u064e\u062b\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 "
\r\n“Indeed in the Messenger of Allah you have a good example to follow for whoever has hope in (the Meeting with) Allah and the Last Day, and remembers Allah much.” [33:21]
\r\nHence, Allah's Prophet (\ufdfa) is the best exmple to follow for all of us, the believing Muslims. Muslims ought to follow the pattern of Allah's Prophet (\ufdfa) in all of their affairs, personal and public, throughout their lives.
\r\nAll the secrets of the wife should be kept and preserved and her shortcomings hidden. No private affairs should be made public or shared as a conversation item, even among the closest friends. The Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n"‏ \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0632\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064b \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064e \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0636\u0650\u064a \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0636\u0650\u064a \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u062b\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u064a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0634\u064f\u0631\u064f \u0633\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0627 ‏"
\r\n“One of the worst people in the sight of Allah on the Day of Resurrection is a man who has intimate relation with his wife, and she has intimate relation with him, and then he divulges her secret (by describing that intimate relation to other people).” [Muslim #1437]
\r\nIt is the right of the married woman to spend the night with her husband and have sexual fulfillment, satisfaction, and gratification. This right is one of the most emphasized rights in Islam, equal to the need of man to have his fulfillment. The husband is required and obliged by Islamic law to fulfill the sexual rights of his spouse, to ensure the satisfaction of the spouse so as to prevent her from being inclined towards shameful acts, may Allah forbid. A spouse, as any other female, has a great need for being loved and cherished, cared for, and fulfillment of her natural and physical rightful desires.
\r\nIslam forbids husbands from engaging themselves in matters of physical worship and devotions, like prayers and fasting, in a way that may detract them from attending to their spouses’ physical, sexual and social needs. In a famous incident Salman Al-Farisi (\uf074) reported:
\r\n\u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062c\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0644‏:‏ \u0622\u062e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644‏:‏ \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a‏:‏ \u0623\u062e\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0647 \u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647‏:‏ \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644‏:‏ \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647‏:‏ \u0646\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 ‏:‏ \u0646\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646‏:‏ \u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646‏:‏ \u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646‏:‏ \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0639\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 ‏ "‏\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646‏"
\r\n"I went to visit my brother in faith, Abu-Darda (\uf074) and upon arrival, I was greeted by his spouse Um Darda (\uf079) who was in an unkempt state. Seeing that, I asked her, 'What is the matter with you; why are you in this state and not attentive to your husband?' She said: 'Your brother, Abu-Darda has no interest in this world and its affairs. He spends his nights praying and days fasting!' Upon the arrival of Abu-Darda, who welcomed Salman and offered him some food, Salman said: 'Why do not you eat with me?' Abu-Darda said: 'I am fasting.' Salman said: 'By Allah you must break your fast and eat with me.' Abu-Darda broke his fast and ate with Salman. Salman spent that night with Abu-Darda, and Abu Darda got up during the night to offer some night prayers whereupon Salman stopped him from doing so, saying: 'Your body has certain rights upon you, your Lord has certain rights upon you, and your family has certain rights upon you. Fast some days and break the fast on others, approach your spouse (for marital relations). Grant everyone their due right.' Just before the break of dawn, Salman permitted Abu-Darda to get up and offer prayers. Both of them rose, performed ablution, offered prayers and then headed to the Masjid to offer Fajr (dawn) prayer. Upon finishing the prayer with the Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) Abu-Darda reported to the Prophet about the incident. The Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) said: 'Salman has spoken the truth.'” [Bukhari #1867]
\r\nConsidering the needs of his wife, a husband should not be away from home for an extended period of time. Caliph Umar ibn Al-Khattab (\uf074) after consulting with his daughter Hafsa about the length of the period a woman can patiently bear her husband's absence, set this period six months.
\r\nAbdur-Razaq and others narrated a famous story that:
\r\n"Umar ibn al-Khattab (\uf074) was making night rounds when he heard a woman lament:
\r\nThe night has grown long, and its end is dark and black,
\r\nI am sleepless since I have, with whom to play, no lover,
\r\nIf there was not (the Lord) whose Throne is above the Heavens,
\r\nThe sides of this bed, would roll, shake and quiver!
\r\nIn the morning he went to her and asked her the reason for her poetry, and she answered that her husband had gone with the soldiers on a long campaign. Umar then conferred with his daughter Hafsa on how long a woman can be patient for her husband to return. After some moments of hesitation and embarrassment, in which he convinced her that this question was for the general good of the Muslims, she replied six months."
\r\nAfter this, Umar would close a campaign within six months so that they could return to their wives within that time.     
\r\nThis period is approximate since circumstances may allow it to be less, or force it to be more. She may tolerate the absence of her husband for more than six months, or she may demand him to come back before that time.
\r\nThe husband may not refuse or deny his spouse’s legitimate request unless he has a valid excuse. A husband must not make any financial decisions on behalf of his spouse unless she gives him such permission. The husband has no right to take any of his spouse's financial assets without her approval.
\r\nHe should also consult his spouse in the major household decisions, children's affairs and other mutual affairs. It is not wise to dictate a man's opinion upon the other members of the family without listening to the spouse's opinion, as long as her opinion is wise and correct. Allah's Prophet (\ufdfa) gave us a practical example in this matter. On the “Day of the Pact” with the Quraish tribe, the Prophet (\ufdfa) commanded his companions to shave their heads and to exit the state of 'Ihraam ', but they were slow and did not hasten to fulfill his command. Um Salamah (\uf079) his wife, recommended that he do so himself and then go out before his companions. Allah's Prophet acted upon the recommendation of his wife, doing what she suggested, and when the companions saw his action they all hastened in obedience.
\r\nA husband must avoid counting every innocent mistake his spouse may make. For instance, the Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n"‏ \u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0642\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0644\u0627\u064b ‏"
\r\n“A husband should not come to his home from a journey late at night (i.e. without announcing his arrival in advance).” [Bukhari #4948 & Muslim#715]
\r\nJabir said:
\r\n\u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0631\u064d\u060c \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0646\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0649 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0646\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0633\u064f \u0639\u064e\u062b\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652
\r\n“The Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) forbade that a man should come to his family like (an unexpected) night visitor doubting their fidelity and spying into their lapses.” [Muslim#715]
\r\nThis recommendation is given so that the wife may comb her hair or wash herself and that the husband may not find his spouse in an unprepared state, which might become a reason for his displeasure. Of course with the modern facilities, nowadays husbands have the ability to inform their wives well in advance, whether the arrival is during the daytime or late in the night.
\r\nIt is the obligation of a husband to be kind, attentive, sharing and caring with his spouse. He must deal with her with honesty, decency, patience and care, and must take into consideration her human nature. Women appreciate being loved tenderly and well taken care of. A husband must demonstrate his affection, love, appreciation, caring, consideration and genuine keenness of his spouse.
\r\nThe system of divorce in Islam is designed to protect the rights and interests of the women, and allow ample opportunity and time for reconciliation. We will discuss in more detail below, but here we only mention that in divorce, as in marriage, one must act decent with civil behavior to assure the right of both parties, as Allah, the Most Wise, says:
\r\n{\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0645\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064c \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u064d \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0631\u0650\u064a\u062d\u064c \u0628\u0650\u0625\u0650\u062d\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u062d\u0650\u0644\u064f\u0651 \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062e\u064f\u0630\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0622\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062d\u064f\u062f\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u0650\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062d\u064f\u062f\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062c\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u062a\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e \u062d\u064f\u062f\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651 \u062d\u064f\u062f\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0647\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e (229)}
\r\n“Divorce is two times: then one may retain with goodness (and reasonable terms), or let go with goodness (and reasonable terms).” [2:229]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Women as Mothers
\r\nAllah, the Most Beneficent, has repeatedly emphasized the right of parents in general and the mother in particular. Allah, the Exalted, states in the Qur'an:
\r\n{\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0649 \u0631\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0651\u0643\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064f\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u062d\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u064f\u063a\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0643\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0641\u064d\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 (23)}
\r\n“Your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him; and that you be good to your parents. If one of them or both reach old age in your life, do not say to them a word of the faintest complaint or disrespect, nor shout at them; but address them in terms of honor.” [17:23]
\r\nIn this verse the right of Allah to be worshiped is placed adjacent to the right of parents, and all scholars agree that the rights of parents in Islam are greater and placed before all others except Allah.
\r\nObedience to parents must be given priority over all others including the wife. This does not mean that the wife is to be humiliated or insulted in any matter, but only that parents should be given priority in obedience over all others on the condition that they do not disobey Allah, the Exalted, and His Prophet (\ufdfa).
\r\nAllah’s pleasure or displeasure with man is but an indication of the pleasure of the parents with their son or daughter, as the Prophet indicated (\ufdfa) when he said:
\r\n« \u0631\u0650\u0636\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u0651 \u0641\u0650\u0649 \u0631\u0650\u0636\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0637\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u0651 \u0641\u0650\u0649 \u0633\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0637\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u0650 ».
\r\n“The pleasure of the Lord lies in the pleasure of the parent. The anger of the Lord lies in the anger of the parent.” [Ibn Hibban #429 & Tabrani and verified]
\r\n“Birr ul-Walidain” means being obedient, good and kind to them, pleasing them and taking care of their needs, especially in old age. Serving them is considered obligatory service and preferred over participating in the various acts of volunteer service like in some form of Jihad (i.e., striving in the cause of Allah).
\r\n'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr said:
\r\n\u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064d\u0648 \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e‏:‏ \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064c \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e‏:‏ \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064e‏\u061f‏ \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e‏:‏ \u0646\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0652\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e‏:‏ \u0641\u064e\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u062f\u0652
\r\n"A man came to the Prophet (\ufdfa), wanting to do jihad. The Prophet asked, 'Are your parents alive?' 'Yes,' he replied. he said, 'Then make Jihad by struggling yourself in pleasing and obeying them.'" [Bukhari #2842 & Muslim#2549]
\r\nThis is also confirmed in an authentic tradition that Ibn Mas'ood (\uf074) narrated:
\r\n\u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644 ( \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 ) . \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644 ( \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 ) . \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644 ( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 ) .
\r\n“I asked Allah's Prophet (\ufdfa): 'O Prophet of Allah: What is the most beloved act in the sight of Allah?' He said: “Offering the prayer in its proper time.” I asked: 'What comes next, O Prophet of Allah?' He said: “Being good, kind, respectful, obedient and caring to your parents.” I further asked: 'What comes next, O Prophet of Allah?' He said: “Striving in the cause of Allah.” [Bukhari #5625 & Muslim#139]
\r\nIn another tradition Abd Allah bin Amr bin al-Aas (\uf074) narrated:
\r\n\u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064d\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0623\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u064c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0623\u064f\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0650\u060c \u0623\u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650. \u0642\u0627\u0644 " \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u064c \u062d\u064a\u064c\u0651\u061f " \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0646\u0639\u0645. \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0642\u0627\u0644 " \u0641\u062a\u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650\u061f " \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0646\u0639\u0645. \u0642\u0627\u0644 " \u0641\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0650\u0639\u0652 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0635\u064f\u062d\u0628\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0645\u0627
\r\n“A man came to the Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) and said to him: 'O Messenger of Allah! I shall give you my pledge of allegiance to migrate and strive in the cause of Allah seeking His reward only.' Upon hearing that the Prophet (\ufdfa) asked the man: “Are your parents alive?” The man said: 'Yes, O Prophet of Allah, both of them are living.' He said: “Do you seek the reward from Allah?” He said: 'Yes.' He said: “Then go back to your parents and be the best and kindest companion for them.”[Muslim #2549]
\r\nAnd in another authentic tradition Mu’awiyah as-Sulami said to the Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa):
\r\n\u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0650\u0651\u060c \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: \u0623\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0649 \u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0630\u0650\u0646\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u063a\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0648\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: «\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0623\u064f\u0645\u064c\u0651\u061f» \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: \u0646\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0652. \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e «\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0632\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627\u061b \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064e \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0631\u0650\u062c\u0652\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0642\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627»
\r\n'I want to go for Jihad in the way of Allah.' The Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) asked: “Is your mother alive?” He said: 'Yes.' He said: “Stay with her, for Jannah is under her feet.” [Ahmad#1557 & Nasa'e #3104 and verified]
\r\nThis idiomatic expression shows the degree of deference, respect and obedience that the children should show to their mother to earn her pleasure by continuous care and service, which leads to attaining the pleasure of Allah and His Paradise, the promised reward for all rightly guided and devout believers.
\r\nMothers have greater right and deserve more kindness, help service, good treatment and companionship than the fathers because the mother is the first one to care for the children and she suffers more directly with daily hardships in their upbringing. Bukhari and others report that Abu-Hurairah (\uf074) narrated:
\r\n\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 ( \u0623\u0645\u0643 ) . \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644 ( \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0643 ) . \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644 ( \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0643 ) . \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644 ( \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0643 )
\r\n“A man came to the Prophet (\ufdfa) and asked him: 'O Prophet of Allah! Who is the most deserving and worthy of my good company?' Allah's Prophet (\ufdfa) answered: “Your mother.” The man asked: 'Who comes next after her?' He said: “Your mother.” The man asked again: 'Who comes next after her?' He said: “Your mother.” The man asked again: 'Who comes next after her?' He said: “Your father.” [Bukhari #5625 & Muslim#2548]
\r\nThis comprehensive lesson is a summary proving that the mothers deserve the utmost in obedience, benevolence and concern throughout their lives.
\r\nThis tradition indicates that a mother has three times the rights of that of a father due to the sufferings she experiences during the various stages of her child’s life; in pregnancy, delivery, nursing, and raising the child.
\r\nAllah, the Exalted, states in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n\u0648\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u062d\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0646\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0641\u0650\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0639\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0634\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0631\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u064a \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064f (14)
\r\n“And We have enjoined on man to be dutiful and good to his parents. His mother bore him in weakness and hardship upon weakness and hardship. The duration of carrying him (in the womb) and weaning is two years. So thank Me and to your parents; unto Me is the final destination.” [31:14]
\r\nMothers are given priority over fathers in terms of special kindness, care, duty, help, and obedience. Both parents, in accordance with Islamic teachings and principles, are to be obeyed, respected and not differed with as long as they do not command or order their children to disobey their Creator. If they order their children to perform an act of disobedience to Allah then they are to be disobeyed in that particular matter only and a son or daughter must continue to fulfill their normal duties towards parents in other matters. They are expected to serve them, help them in their worldly affairs, and come to their rescue when they need them. Allah, the Exalted, states in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n\u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0628\u0650\u064a \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064c \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0651\u0646\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u0639\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651 \u062b\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062c\u0650\u0639\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0651\u0626\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e (15)
\r\n“And if parents strive with you to make you join in worship with Me that of which you have no knowledge, then obey them not, but behave with them in the worldly (affairs) kindly, and follow the path of him who turns to Me in repentance and obedience. Then to Me will be your return, and I shall tell you what you did throughout your life.” [31:15]
\r\nParents must be respected, obeyed and offered financial assistance by their children, even if they have a different religion or faith, other than Islam, as long as they do not demand that their son or daughter do any act of disobedience to Allah. Asma’ binte Abu-Bakr (\uf074) said:
\r\n\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a: \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u062a: \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u064a ? \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645:" \u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0643"
\r\nMy mother, who was still a pagan, came to visit. I went to the Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) seeking his verdict. I said, “She has come to visit and she is interested in Islam, should I maintain my relationship with her?” The Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) said: “Yes, indeed, stay connected to your mother.” [Bukhari #2477 & Muslim#1003]
\r\nIslam’s encouragement to sons and daughters to treat their mothers with kindness, obedience and care - and to beckon to give any possible assistance to their parents in their various daily household chores - is illustrated in the following lengthy tradition wherein Abu-Hurairah (\uf074) narrated that the Prophet (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n\u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e\u060c \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e ‏ "‏ \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0647\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0651 \u062b\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e\u062b\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0639\u0650\u064a\u0633\u064e\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0628\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0625\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064e \u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064c \u064a\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u062c\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062c\u064c\u060c \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064f\u0635\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0651\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0647\u064f\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0623\u064f\u0635\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0651\u064a‏.‏ \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u0644\u0627\u064e \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0650\u062a\u0652\u0647\u064f \u062d\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064f\u062c\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0645\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650‏.‏ \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u062c\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062c\u064c \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0635\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u060c 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\r\n“The Prophet (\ufdfa) said, "None spoke in cradle but three: (The first was) Jesus, (the second was), there a man from Bani Israel called Juraij. While he was offering his prayers, his mother came and called him. He said (to himself), 'Shall I answer her or keep on praying?" (He went on praying) and did not answer her, his mother said, "O Allah! Do not let him die till he sees the faces of prostitutes." So while he was in his hermitage, a lady came and sought to seduce him, but he refused. So she went to a shepherd and presented herself to him to commit illegal sexual intercourse with her and then later she gave birth to a child and claimed that it belonged to Juraij. The people, therefore, came to him and dismantled his hermitage and expelled him out of it and abused him. Juraij performed the ablution and offered prayer, and then came to the child and said, 'O child! Who is your father?' The child replied, 'The shepherd.' (After hearing this) the people said, 'We shall rebuild your hermitage of gold,' but he said, 'No, of nothing but mud.'(The third was the hero of the following story) A lady from Bani Israel was nursing her child at her breast when a handsome rider passed by her. She said, 'O Allah ! Make my child like him.' On that the child left her breast, and facing the rider said, 'O Allah! Do not make me like him.' The child then started to suck her breast again. (Abu Huraira further said, "As if I were now looking at the Prophet (\ufdfa) sucking his finger (in way of demonstration.") After a while the people passed by, with a lady slave and she (i.e. the child's mother) said, 'O Allah! Do not make my child like this (slave girl)!, On that the child left her breast and said, 'O Allah! Make me like her.' When she asked why, the child replied, 'The rider is one of the tyrants while this slave girl is falsely accused of theft and illegal sexual intercourse!” [Bukhari #3253]
\r\nDisobeying parents, disrespecting them and failing to fulfill their rights is the greatest of sins. The punishment from Allah of this sin is not only in the hereafter but in this life as well, as it is narrated that the Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645
\r\n“There is no wrong action more likely to bring punishment in this world in addition to what is stored up in the Next World than oppression and severing ties of kinship.” [Tirmidhi #2511 & Ibn Maajah #4211 and verified]
\r\nThe Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) also said:
\r\n"\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0623\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644"
\r\n“Allah has forbidden you: disobedience to your mothers, to withhold (what you should give), or demand (what you do not deserve), and to bury your daughters alive. And Allah dislikes idle talk, to ask too many questions (for things which will be of no benefit to one), and to waste your wealth.” [Bukhari #5630]
\r\nThe Prophet (\ufdfa) illustrated that being good and kind to parents is essential in the fulfillment of the supplications and prayers of man throughout his life, as Ibn Umar (\uf074) reported the Prophet (\ufdfa) as saying in a lengthy tradition:
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\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0643\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0626\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0628\u0652\u062a\u0650\u063a\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0648\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064f\u062c\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650‏.‏ \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u062e\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0641\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0634\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e ‏"‏‏
\r\n“Three men of the previous times set out on a journey. When night approached they slept in a cave at the base of a mountain. Upon entering the cave, a boulder rolled down and completely closed the cave's entrance. They talked the situation over and concluded that there was no way out of this trouble except with prayers and supplications. 'We had better seek the help of Allah referring to the best and most righteous deed that we have done in our lives.'
\r\nThe first man said: 'O Allah! I had two elderly parents and I never would offer my wife and children anything to eat or drink before I offered them. One day I had to go a long distance seeking food for my herd and I was late coming back. Upon arrival I found both of my parents asleep. I milked the sheep in order to offer my parents their dinner, but since I hated to wake them up for their drink, I remained standing next to them carrying the milk pot in my hand waiting for them to wake up. I did not offer my wife or children anything before I offered them. At the break of the Dawn, they woke up and by this time my children were at my feet crying for milk. When they woke up, I offered them their milk. O Allah! If you know that I have done that for Your sake, please rescue us from this trap.'
\r\nUpon that the rock was moved slightly away from the cave's entrance, but not enough to let them out.
\r\nThe second man said: 'O Allah! I had a female cousin from my father's side who was the most beloved woman to me on the face of the Earth. I had an intense desire for her, but she refused. At one point in time she came under financial stress due to famine. She came to me asking for help. I offered her a hundred and twenty golden Dinars so that she would let me have what I wanted from her. Under the duress of her pressing need and financial situation she agreed. When I was ready to begin relations with her, she said, 'O Cousin! Fear Allah! And do not remove the seal of virginity except in the rightful manner.' Upon hearing that, I got up and did not touch her, although she was the most beloved and desired woman to me. I did not take back the gold, which I gave her.'
\r\nThen he raised his hands to the heavens and said: 'O Allah! If You know I have done, what I did, for Your cause and pleasure, please remove the trap that we are in. Remove the rock from the cave's entrance so that we can get out!'
\r\nUpon which, the rock moved another small distance but still not enough to enable them to escape.
\r\nThe third man said: 'O Allah! You know that I once employed some workers and at the end of the day I paid their wages except to the one who had left without collecting his pay. I invested his wages in my business and kept a special note and account for it. The money that belonged to this worker grew during the years, and after many years the worker came to me asking for the wage that he did not take on that day of his work. I pointed out to him large herds of sheep, cows, camels, and slaves and servants, and said to him: 'All that you see is yours! That is the wage that I owe you!' The poor worker was stunned and said: 'Please do not ridicule and make fun of me! I am only asking for my one-day wage. The employer said: 'I am neither ridiculing you nor making fun of you. This is all yours.' The worker took all that I pointed out for him and left.'
\r\nThen the man raised his hands to heavens and said: 'O Allah! If I have done what I did for Your cause and pleasure, remove the trap from which we are suffering.'
\r\nUpon that the rock rolled away from the cave's entrance and the three men left the cave, free once again.'” [Bukhari #2152]
\r\nIslam teaches that seeking the pleasure of the parents, and being good, kind, helpful, considerate to them, respecting and caring for them throughout their life, is a major way to expiate and remove the burden of our sins in this world. Abd Allah Ibn Umar (\uf074) said:
\r\n\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0623\u064e\u062a\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 - \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 - \u0631\u062c\u0644\u064c\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650! \u0623\u064e\u0630\u0646\u0628\u062a\u064f \u0630\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u061f \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 - \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 -: "\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0643\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u061f " \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: "\u0641\u0644\u064e\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0629\u061f ".\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644:"\u0641\u0628\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0630\u064b\u0627".
\r\n“A man came to Allah's Prophet (\ufdfa) and said: 'O Prophet! I have committed a major sin. Do you think that I can atone for it?' He asked: "Do you have a mother living?" The man answered in the negative. The Prophet (\ufdfa) asked the man: "Do you have a maternal aunt living?" The man answered in the positive. Allah's Prophet (\ufdfa) said to him: "Be good and kind to her.” [Tirmidhi #1904 & Ibn Hibban #435 and verified]
\r\nThis tradition indicates her right since the maternal aunt, in Islamic jurisprudence, has a similar status in some respects as of the mother, since the Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n" \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 "
\r\n“The sister of the mother has a status similar to the mother.” [Bukhari #2552]
\r\nThese broad guidelines show the major rights of parents in general, and mothers in particular, and illustrate that mothers remain uniquely respected in Islamic teachings.
\r\nWomen as kinfolks and neighbors
\r\nThe same general rights are legislated in Islamic jurisprudence for women as are required for men. A concern for general public welfare and mutual support of one another is a trademark of the Islamic social system. The Prophet (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n"‏ \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0643\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0649 "
\r\n“The believers in their mutual kindness, compassion and sympathy are just like one body. When one of the limbs suffers, the whole body responds to it with wakefulness and fever.” [Muslim #2586]
\r\nAnd he (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0644: ( \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0627 ) . \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647
\r\n“The believers, one to another, are like a firm structure, supporting one another.” He then intertwined his fingers.” [Bukhari #467 & Muslim#2585]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

A woman as an aunt, niece, cousin, or any type of relative, regardless of the distance, is included in the kinfolk to whom Allah commanded to be good, kind and supportive. Allah, the Exalted, states in the Qur'an:
\r\n\u0641\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0633\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0633\u0650\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0637\u0650\u0651\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 (22)
\r\n“Would you then, if you were given the authority, do mischief in the land, and sever your ties of kinship?” (47:22)
\r\nThe Prophet (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n" \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0631\u062d\u0645"
\r\n“A person who severs his kinship ties, will never enter Paradise.” [Muslim #2556]
\r\nAnd he (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629)
\r\n“Charity to a poor person is charity, and to a (poor) relative is both charity and maintaining the ties (of kinship).” [Tirmidhi #658 & Ibn Maajah#1844 and verified]
\r\nIf a woman is a neighbor and she is a Muslim, she is entitled to two rights: the right of Islam, and the right of a neighbor. Allah, the Exalted, states in the Qur'an:
\r\n{\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064f\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u062d\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0643\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0630\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064f\u0646\u064f\u0628\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0628\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0644\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0651 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0645\u064f\u062e\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u062e\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 (36)}
\r\n“Worship Allah and join none with Him in worship, and do good to parents, kinfolk, orphans, the poor who beg, the neighbor who is related to you, the neighbor who is a stranger, the companion by your side, the wayfarer you meet, and those slaves whom your right hand possesses. Verily, Allah does not like anyone who is proud and boastful” [4:36]
\r\nIslam obligates a Muslim to be good to all his or her neighbors. The Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n"\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0638\u0646\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0647"
\r\n“Jibreel (Archangel Gabriel) continued to urge me to take care of the neighbor so much so that I thought the neighbor was going to be made a legal heir.” [Bukhari #5668]
\r\nHe (\ufdfa) also said:
\r\n" \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646" \u0642\u064a\u0644: \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u061f\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644:" \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0647"
\r\n“By Allah he is not a believer, by Allah he is not a believer, by Allah he is not a believer! They asked: “Who, O Messenger of Allah?” He said: “The one from whose harm the neighbor is not safe.” [Bukhari 5670]
\r\nIt is also reported by Asfahani in Hilyatul-Awliya that Talhah (\uf074) said:
\r\n"Umar Ibn al-Khattab (\uf074) went out of his home one night. I decided to follow him to see what he was doing during the night. I saw him entering a certain house and after a while I saw him come out and enter another house. In the morning I went to the first house and entered it to find out who lives there. To my surprise I found an old, blind and disabled woman. I asked her: 'What did the man, who came in your home last night, want from you?' She said: 'This man has been taking care of me for a time now, serving my needs and helping me and supporting me.' Talha said to himself: 'Why should I investigate Umar's actions?'<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 ( \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 )
\r\n“The person caring for the widows and the poor is like the one who fights in the way of Allah." The narrator said: I think that he (\ufdfa) added also: Like one who stands in the night prayer without any laziness and like the one who fasts every day (from sunrise until sunset).” [Bukhari #5038 & Muslim #2982]
\r\nThese are some distinguishing aspects of honoring, respecting, caring for, and supporting women according to Islamic teachings that summarize the rights of women. We believe that women never witnessed this extent of respect and honor throughout the history of mankind on earth. Some traditions show that the Islamic law never tolerated crimes or abuses against a woman during any stage of her life.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Misconceptions about Women in Islam<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

There are some misconceptions that have been widely propagated about women and their rights in Islam. These misconceptions are often repeated by some that maliciously seek to defame Islam and Muslims. Women throughout the past centuries of Islam have been honored, respected, and dignified. The crimes of some who deviate do not reflect upon the principles and laws on which Islam is based. We shall present some answers to these common misconceptions that have been publicized about women’s rights in Islam and the position of women in Islam in general.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Polygyny in Islam
\r\n 
\r\nMarriage to more than one wife at the same time – polygyny  - is a practice as old as the history of man, and is allowed in Islamic law. Among others, polygyny was well known to the Ancient Hebrews, Egyptians, Greeks, Persians, Assyrians, Japanese, Hindus, Russians and Germanic peoples.
\r\nAll previous revealed religions practiced and condoned polygyny. The Old and New Testaments are at the foremost in the list of the religious Books that legalized and practiced it. Many of the Prophets of Allah before Prophet Muhammad (\ufdfa) entered into plural marriages. Prophet Abraham had two wives; Prophet Jacob had four wives; and Prophet David had ninety-nine wives (\uf075). Prophet Solomon (\uf075) had seven hundred wives who were free noble women, and three hundred other wives who were slave women. Nowhere does the law of the Prophet Moses (\uf075) set or determine a specific number of wives to which a husband was entitled. The compilers of the Talmud, who lived around Jerusalem, decided upon a certain number of wives for a man, and some Jewish scholars only permitted a second wife or more if the first wife was permanently ill or barren. Still other Jewish scholars did not permit plural marriages at all.
\r\nIn the New Testament of the Bible, Jesus is commissioned to comply with and complete the Laws of Moses (\uf075) and we cannot find a single quote in the Bible that forbids plural marriage. The prohibition of plural marriages in Christianity came about only as a result of legislation set forth certain segments of the Christian church, and not by the original teachings of Christianity itself.
\r\nFor this reason we find many examples of Christians taking multiple wives. The Irish king, Ditharmet, for instance, had two wives. King Frederick the Second had two wives with the church's approval. Thus, it must be noticed that prohibition was in the hands of the priests of the church, and not in accordance with any universally recognized original law of Jesus Christ himself (\uf075). Martin Luther, the German priest who first established the Protestant sect, considered plural marriage acceptable and advocated it on many occasions.
\r\nPolygyny was well known amongst pagan Arab tribes prior to the advent of Islam but there was no limitation for the number of wives, like in the cases of some of the Prophets mentioned above. With the advent of Islam, the Islamic law condoned polygyny but a man was limited to only four wives, and specific rules regulated these marriages. There are numerous examples in the authentic traditions wherein the Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) obligated those who had more than four wives, when they accepted Islam, to choose four and divorce the rest honorably.
\r\nAllah, the Most Beneficent, said:
\r\n\u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u0650\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0652\u0633\u0650\u0637\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0649 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0652\u0643\u0650\u062d\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0637\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u062b\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u062b\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062b\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u0650\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 (3)
\r\n“And if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphan-girls, then marry (other) women of your choice, two or three, or four but if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one or (the captives and the slaves) that your right hands possess. That is nearer to prevent you from doing injustice.” [4:3]
\r\nThus we see that strict justice and fairness in treatment, and avoiding any injustice and wrong practices against all wives, is stipulated and conditional for those who wish to take more than one wife.
\r\nThe Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) warned against favoritism saying:
\r\n"\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0642\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 "
\r\n“He who has two wives and is not just between them, he will come on the Day of Resurrection with one of his sides fallen.” [Abu Dawood#2133 & Tirmidhi #1141 and verified]
\r\nJustice and fairness, in this context, applies to material things such as expenditure, fair division of wealth, gifts, time, etc. As for emotional matters, such as love and inclination of the heart towards one wife over the other, it is recognized that man has no control over his innermost heart and emotions, as they are involuntary. Allah, the Most Beneficent, said:
\r\n\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u062d\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0635\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0642\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0652\u0644\u0650\u062d\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u063a\u064e\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 (129)
\r\n“You will never be able to do perfect justice between wives even if it is your ardent desire (i.e. emotions of the heart), so do not incline too much to one of them (by giving her more of your time and provision) so as to leave the other hanging (i.e. neither divorced nor married). And if you do justice, and do all that is right and fear Allâh by keeping away from all that is wrong, then Allâh is Ever Oft¬Forgiving, Most Merciful.” [4:129]
\r\n'Aishah, the mother of the believers and the wife of the Prophet (\ufdfa), narrated:
\r\n"\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0643"
\r\n“The Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) would distribute everything justly amongst his wives, then say: O Allah, this is my division concerning what I control, so do not blame me concerning what You control and I do not (i.e. emotions of the heart).” [Abu Da`wood]
\r\nA man who is impotent should not seek any marriage since he is unable to fulfill its basic requirement. He who knows for sure that he is financially incapable of supporting another wife and household, is not allowed to seek another marriage, just as the bachelor who seeks to marry must strive to earn the wherewithal and must be able to sustain his wife and future children. As Allah says, and which can be taken as a general rule:
\r\n"\u0648\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u062c\u0650\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0646\u0650\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u063a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650"
\r\n“And let those who find not the financial means for marriage keep themselves chaste, until Allah enriches them with His Bounty.” [34: 24]
\r\nLet us take a look of some conditions that befall people of any society, and then assess whether polygyny is a good solution for the problems that occur, and also the practice of polygyny is in favor of a woman or against her! The following points prove that monogamy in many situations leads to promiscuity, prostitution or divorce:
\r\n1) If a woman is sterile and the husband is interested in having children, should he divorce the woman and marry a second wife? Or, if she chooses to stay married to him, should he take a second wife giving them both equal rights as his lawful wives?
\r\n2) If a wife is chronically ill and cannot maintain her marital relations with her husband, should he keep her and take a second wife wherein she remains perfectly honored, cared for and provided for by her husband? Or should he divorce her?
\r\n3) Some men are financially strong, and sexually demanding and potent with higher levels of hormonal testosterone. One wife may not be able to fulfill his lawful and natural sexual desire. If the menstrual period or after-birth-confinement period is notably longer than normal, or if she has no natural sexual desire to match that of the husband, or other scenarios, what is better for both husband and wife in such a case? Is it better for the man to remain frustrated and pent up, or seek unlawful sexual satisfaction outside the marriage? Or to acquire other lawful wives who can help to keep him chaste and satisfied?
\r\n4) In various parts of the world international and civil wars and other catastrophes often take their toll on men more than women. Even naturally, the demographic number of females, for various reasons, is often more than males in most countries. The best example of this is the case of the First World War, and the Second World War, which claimed the lives of an astronomical number of men who had participated in the fighting, with tens of millions of them being killed. In other trouble spots the disproportionate death ratios are similar. In such a case, if every man had only one wife, what would be the necessary destiny of the women left without lawful marriage to satisfy their social, financial and sexual needs? Some women may be tempted to satisfy their sexual desires in unlawful ways through fornication, lesbian activities or prostitution, a destabilizing factor for any society. The abundance of women without husbands, or male relatives to care and protect their interests, is one factor that helps spread corruption and illegitimate sexual activities in societies. What is better for a society and for such women in this case: to remain single and suffer all the consequences of life without marriage; or to accept to be a second wife with an honest, protective, honorable and chaste man?
\r\nPromiscuity unfortunately exists in all modern societies, but should it be legalized or condoned, as is the case under man-made laws, with all the social consequences? In most contemporary societies only monogamous marriage is legal, but extra martial relations are allowed as a socially acceptable substitute for the situations mentioned above, in the form of mistresses, girl friends, escort services, prostitution and common law marriages. These types of relationships have no merits of their own to stand on, and if the couple does not eventually get legally married, the illicit relationship often leads to abuse and conflict. These illicit relationships are only meant to fulfill sexual interests of the two parties involved without the responsibilities, and abuse the rights of the women in general. Legally it imposes no financial, social, or emotional obligations, and if the woman becomes pregnant, it is her own problem, with the illegitimate children left without the support of a family and sometimes abandoned to the social service system. Men, generally, are not obliged to admit the paternity of the child, thus not obliged to take financial responsibility for the child. Abortions proliferate in this kind of society. In accordance with Islamic law, a second, third, or fourth wife enjoys all the rights and privileges of the first wife without an iota of injustice or dishonor to her.
\r\nAdultery, fornication and all extramarital sexual relations are strictly forbidden in Islam and the prophet took all measures to protect the society from these social diseases which, if they become widespread, can only bring harm and destruction upon individuals, families, and the basic bond holding the society together as a whole. The following tradition shows the wisdom of the Prophet (\ufdfa) and patience in convincing a young virile man, by eloquent analogies, the injustice of double standards and the evils of wanton desires leading to fornication and adultery. No one would want his own female relatives to be exploited, used and abused, so how, then, can they allow themselves to exploit others?
\r\nAn authentic tradition narrates:
\r\n\u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064e\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0649 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: \u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0626\u0652\u0630\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u064a \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0650\u0651\u0646\u064e\u0627 , \u0641\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u064f , [\u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0651 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e: «\u0623\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0648\u0647\u064f» , \u0641\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u062c\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0633\u064e \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0652 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e] \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0651 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e: «\u0623\u064e\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0650\u0651\u0643\u064e\u061f» \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: \u0644\u064e\u0627 , \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: «\u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0651\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0623\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652» , \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: «\u0623\u064e\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0643\u064e\u061f» \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: \u0644\u064e\u0627 , \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: «\u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0651\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0623\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652» , \u0641\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e \u064a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0635\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650 , \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: «\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u0643\u064e\u0641\u0650\u0651\u0631\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0647\u064f , \u0648\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0647\u0650\u0651\u0631\u0652 \u0642\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0647\u064f , \u0648\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0651\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0647\u064f»
\r\n“A young man came to the Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) and asked: ‘O Messenger of Allah, permit me (with special license) to commit fornication (and adultery).’ The people started to rebuke him harshly, but the Prophet sat close to him and asked: ‘Would you like it for your mother?’ He replied ‘No, by Allah, may Allah make me a sacrifice for you!’ The Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) said: ‘And thus the people do not like it for their mothers,’ and continued: ‘Would you like it for your daughter?’ ‘No’ he replied. The Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) said: ‘And thus the people do not like it for their daughters,’ and continued: ‘Would you like it for your paternal aunt?’ ‘No’ he replied. The Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) said: ‘And thus the people do not like it for their paternal aunts,’ and asked: ‘Would you like it for your maternal aunt?’ ‘No’ he replied. The Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) said: ‘And thus the people do not like it for their maternal aunts.’ Then the Prophet (\ufdfa) put his hand on the youth and said: 'O Allah forgive his sin and purify his heart and make him chaste (fortify his abstinence from sexual sins)'.” [Ahmad#22265 and verified]
\r\nOne might say that this tradition is a practical application of the golden rule as mentioned by the Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa):
\r\n( \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 )
\r\n“None of you [truly] believes until he loves for his brother that which he loves for himself.” [ Bukhari #15 &Muslim #44]
\r\nPolygyny in the Islamic society is limited to four wives only; the marriages being performed lawfully with a proper marriage contract, witnesses, etc. The man must bear all financial burdens and responsibilities to his wives and children that arise from his marriages. All the children are legitimate and must be raised and cared for under the responsibility of both parents.
\r\nOne might ask that, if we permit polygyny for men, why is not polyandry  permitted for women? The answer to this question is simple since numerous natural and physical reasons, as indicated above, preclude this as a viable option. Men in almost all societies of the world have the position, domination and authority over the households due to their natural endowment and strength. Even if, for argument's sake, we forego the idea of their strength and suppose that a woman has two or more husbands, the question will arise: who will have the ultimate authority and leadership of the home - as this would create harmful competition, jealousy, anger and hatred among the husbands and result in great destruction in the society. Moreover, if a woman were allowed to be married to more than one man, who would be the legal father of the child she bears, and how would fatherhood be convincingly determined? What would happen to the demography of the society after some generations of this arrangement? Would the men be able to remain chaste within their marriage vows in such an arrangement with one wife, or would he be tempted into promiscuity? The answers to all these questions are obvious. Since a woman can only become pregnant approximately once a year and she can get pregnant by only one man at a time, while a man can naturally impregnate more than one woman on a continual basis, it follows that it is more logical and natural that the man has more than one wife and that she doesn’t engage more than one husband.
\r\nAbove all in polygyny, the man is responsible for the provision of all of his wives and children, which keeps everything in order, while this is not the case in polyandry, thus impractical from any conceivable angle whatsoever.
\r\nThe following are statements of some Western thinkers who demanded polygyny and considered it the only solution for the problems they were confronted with in their societies.
\r\nGustav Le Bon, the well-known French thinker, says in his book Arabic Civilization:
\r\n“Polygyny enables the society to reduce social crisis, prevents the mistress problem and cures the society from illegitimate children.”
\r\nAnnie Besant, in her book on Indian Religions says:
\r\n“I read in the Old Testament that the closest friend to Allah, whose heart acts upon the Will of Allah, was polygynous. Moreover, the New Testament did not forbid polygyny except for priests or ministers of the church, who were required to keep and maintain one wife only. Old Indian religious books also permitted polygyny. It is easy, however, to criticize others in their religious practices. And that is what made people accuse Islam and attack it for its permission of polygyny. However, it is strange that Westerners are against the restricted and limited polygyny of the Muslims, while they suffer from wide scale prostitution and promiscuity in their own societies. A close examining look at the Western society illustrates that only a few pure, chaste and honest men respect their clean marital relationships and honor their marriage to one single wife and have no other sexual relationship outside marriage. It is an incorrect and inaccurate statement, therefore, to describe a community as monogamous, in which the men maintain a single marriage, while they are indeed having mistresses, girlfriends and other means of sexual relationship outside the marriage to their legal and lawful wife. If we were to be fair and just, we could see that polygyny in Islam protects, honors, maintains and respects women in society. Polygyny is better than the Western prostitution that permits a man to have a mistress or a girl friend to fulfill his sexual desires with no respect to the feelings, emotions, needs and honor of the women. The man will disown that woman as soon as he gets his satisfaction. The man has no social commitment or obligation towards the mistress or the girl friend. She is only meant to fulfill his sexual needs of the moment and give him the company he needs temporarily. Even though some people declare both polygyny and fornication or prostitution as bad and unacceptable, yet it is unfair for the non-Muslims to blame a Muslim for doing the same thing that he does while his society accepts and condones it."
\r\nJawad, a well-known English scholar, says:
\r\n"The stiff British system which prevents polygyny is an unfair and unacceptable system. It severely hurts approximately two million women who have become old maids. These women have lost their youth and were deprived of having children. Thus, these women were forced to throw away the moral values as one throws away the pit of a date."
\r\nMobenar, a member of the previous French Parliament noted:
\r\n"There are two and a half million French girls now who cannot find a husband, if we assume that every French young man will marry only one woman. I frankly declare what I truly believe is that ‘a woman will not enjoy a healthy life unless she becomes a mother.’ I believe that any law which passes a judgment that such a big number of the members of a society should live opposing, contradicting and neglecting to fulfill the natural laws of man on the Earth is but a cruel and savage law that contradicts the simplest meaning of justice and fairness."
\r\nIn 1959, the United Nations published a special publication stating:
\r\n"This publication has proven, by numbers and statistics, that the entire world is now facing a growing problem of illegitimate children, as opposed to legitimate children. The number of illegitimate children has increased 60% in some countries. In Panama, for instance, the percentage of illegitimate births soared to 75% of the total number of births in the country. This means that three out of every four children are illegitimate, born outside of wedlock. The highest percentage of illegitimate births is stated to be in Latin America."
\r\nAt the same time, the publication proves and indicates that the number of illegitimate births in the Islamic world is almost nil (in comparison with other countries). The editor of the publication goes on to say that Islamic countries are protected against such social problems and disease due to the fact that the people practice polygyny.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n


\r\n 
\r\nPower of Guardianship in the Marriage Contract<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In Islamic jurisprudence one requirement for a sound marriage is the total agreement of the woman concerned.
\r\nThe Prophet of Allah said (\ufdfa):
\r\n:" \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0630\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0643\u062a"
\r\n“An ‘ayyim’ (a divorcee or a widow) must not be wedded unless she is asked, and gives her approval. And a virgin must not be wedded unless she gives her permission.” It was asked: “O messenger of Allah, how can we know her permission?” He said: “If she remains silent (from shyness).” [ Bukhari #4843 & Muslim #1419]
\r\nIf a woman is coerced into accepting an undesired marriage, she is entitled to present her case before a Muslim judge to seek annulment. A woman by the name of al-Khansa bint Khadam, who had been previously married (and was now divorced or widowed), came complaining to the Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) that her father had forced her to marry a person she despised. He disapproved and invalidated it.  
\r\nAnother requirement is that she does not give herself in marriage to anyone without guardianship. Her father, or in case he is not alive, her grandfather, paternal uncle, brother or even her mature son, or the ruler of the State, must act as her guardian in this affair to assure her rights are protected and to sign the marriage contract along with her signature. His role is to make sure that the groom is sincere and of standard, that she has a proper dowry, and that two witnesses testify to the contract which she willfully accepts. All these measures are to protect her rights and the sanctity of marriage.
\r\nThe Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) made this perfectly clear when he said:
\r\n" \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a"
\r\n“There is no marriage except with a guardian.” [Abu Dawood #2058 and verified]
\r\nAnd in another version:
\r\n« \u0644\u0627\u064e \u0646\u0650\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0651 \u0628\u0650\u0648\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0649\u064d\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0644\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0649\u064f\u0651 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u0627\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0649\u064e\u0651 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f ».
\r\n“There is no marriage except with a guardian, and the ruler is the guardian for those who have no guardian.” [Ahmad #2260 & Ibn Maajah #1889 and verified]
\r\nTherefore, if she elopes and marries herself, this marriage is considered unlawful, as the Prophet (\ufdfa) declared:
\r\n( \u0623\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644. \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 . \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647 )
\r\n“Any woman who marries without the consent of her guardian, then her marriage is invalid, then her marriage is invalid, then her marriage is invalid. If (the man) has had intercourse with her then she must keep the dowry (that she took from him) for his intimacy with her, and if they fall into dispute then the ruler is the guardian for those who have no guardian.” [ Abu Dawood #2083 & Tirmidhi #1102 and verified]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As mentioned above in the rights of daughters, whether a virgin or otherwise, the right of a woman is to accept or reject any marriage offer of her own free will. The institution of guardianship is only to protect her interests. The fact that the ruler or governor becomes her legal guardian to assure that all is in order and that no criminal injustice is perpetrated reinforces the sacredness of the marriage contract and the sanctity of her rights in Islam.
\r\nSince the woman remains in a position of natural weakness, Islamic jurisprudence lays down principles and laws to protect her interests and welfare and preserve her rights. The father, the mother and other concerned relatives, if need be, help select the right and most suitable husband for her, since all seek her happiness and none wish her to be victim of a failed marriage. The goal of marriage is to establish an everlasting relationship between a male and a female and a loving and beneficial home for the children, not mere gratification of certain desires. Since women are, in general, more emotional than men and more easily affected and tempted with appearances rather than the deeper realities, Islamic jurisprudence gives the right to the guardian to refuse and reject proposals if the suitor is not deemed a sound and sincere match. Male guardianship in this case is only natural given their role of authority and responsibility. Moreover, it cannot be denied that men, being of the same gender, have a better ability to perceive qualities of other men in certain areas, and are more capable of finding those characteristics of a man that suit his daughter or the woman under his responsibility of guardianship. Of course he seeks counsel of the wife and other concerned females in the process of selection of the bridegroom. If an appropriate man proposed for marriage and the guardian refused for no valid reason, then the guardianship can be contested in the court of law. The guardianship is then given to the nearest responsible male relative of the woman, or, in case she has no responsible male relatives, the Muslim Judge assumes guardianship.
\r\nIn the final analysis, the true measurement of a suitable match in marriage is the statement of the Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa):
\r\n" \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 "
\r\n“If a person comes to you to propose a marriage and you are pleased with his religious commitment and morals, then marry (your daughter or female relative under your care) to him. For if you do not do that there will be Fitnah (great affliction) on earth, and corruption will be widespread.” [ Tirmidhi #1085 and verified]
\r\nA man with a sound and good understanding of his Islamic commitment, with good moral standards will honor his wife and dignify her, and treat her justly with decency even if he does not love her.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 
\r\nFinancial and Moral Responsibilities of the Household<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Allah, the Exalted, stated in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n{\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0642\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0636\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0636\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064c \u062d\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0638\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0628\u0650 }
\r\n“Men are protectors and maintainers of women because Allah has made one of them to excel the other, and because they spend to support them from their means.” [4:34]
\r\nThis verse emphasizes that the financial and moral responsibilities of a household is the husband’s responsibility. The natural, physical and social qualities of men demand that they take charge of these responsibilities since they are of the stronger gender and physically fit to work being free from the burden of menses, pregnancy, nursing and early childrearing. The man is the “guardian” of his own household - a shepherd of his flock in the idiom mentioned earlier - and he will be asked and accounted about all his responsibilities. Women by their natural constituency are the weaker sex, built biologically, emotionally and socially for their role as child bearer and homemaker. They are more endowed with intuition and emotional intelligence. This is their natural feminine role that is fully honored and protected. Due to the pains and burdens of menses, pregnancy, delivery, nursing, and continual child-care, women often require various periods of confinement for rest, and they are not required to take on additional financial and vocational responsibilities for the sustenance and maintenance of the household. All these concerns affect the mental state of a woman and will be reflected in her life, attitude and behavior. This is a natural state prescribed in many civilizations, but often with many injustices, as mentioned earlier.
\r\n'Abbas Mahmoud al-'Akkad, the well-known Egyptian writer, notes:
\r\n"Women have a very special emotional make-up that does not resemble the emotional make-up of man. The companionship of a little infant or child requires a lot of similarity and resemblance between the child's mentality and his companion, the mother. She has to understand what he wants, what he needs and how he thinks and feels. Therefore, to fulfill this requirement, a woman is much more responsive to emotions. This makes it difficult for a woman, when compared with man, to be firm, fierce and determined when needed."
\r\nDr. Alex Liberelle, a Nobel Prize winner, says while illustrating the natural organic differences between man and woman:
\r\n"Matters that differentiate between man and woman are not limited to sexual organs, the presence of the womb and pregnancy. These matters are also not limited to the difference of teaching methods of man and woman. In fact, these differences are of basic nature. The tissues of the body in both male and female are different. The chemistry of the bodies is also different in both. Certain glands excrete certain secretions that are only suitable for a specific gender. The woman is completely different from man in terms of the chemical material secreted from the ovary inside the woman's body."
\r\nThose who call for complete equality between men and women disregard basic facts and essential differences. Advocates of women’s equal rights demand the same type of education to be given to both male and female, and same type of jobs, tasks, responsibilities, positions to be offered, etc. This absurdity neglects woman’s nature and essential physical, mental, emotional, and social traits. Every cell of the body of a woman has a feminine quality, nursed by female hormones, just as a man has his distinct qualities and hormones. Are they blind when they wish to be equal? They don’t see that each organ of every man and woman are unique in and of themselves, and different from each other. The male and female central nervous systems function in exact precision to help their respective roles in human life. We must accept natural laws and movements as they are, without attempting to change them to seek unnatural obstruction or interference with them. For their own benefit, both men and women should build upon their natural talents and gifts, and never deviate into imitating those of the other sex, which only leads to abuse of themselves and others. Another factor is that it is a well-established fact that the bone structure and muscles of men are naturally heavier and more powerful than those of women. Men can perform more laborious and manual jobs, while women are not physically able to show comparable physical endurance. This is another proof that men are naturally equipped and qualified to assume the role of leadership over financial and vocational responsibilities of the household in consultation with their best second-halves (their wives), which is also a general rule in Islam, as mentioned previously.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n


\r\n 
\r\nOn Honor Killings
\r\nIn some traditional and tribal custom based societies, custom gives the male such a dominant role that if the honor of his womenfolk are perceived, even without proper verification, to have been violated by an action of promiscuity on her part, the man kills her to protect his honor. This situation has been hyped up in the media because some unscrupulous people who continue to do this and others who allow it to continue.
\r\nThe answer to this is simple. To begin with, people are not allowed to take the law into their own hands and punish in this manner based on unverified accusations of promiscuity, as the rules of testimony in Islam are very strict. Therefore, this is a direct violation of the Islamic law. If the court assesses the case as an outright premeditated murder, after considering all circumstances and receiving proofs conclusively, it becomes punishable by the Islamic law of equity and retribution in cases of premeditated murder. The unfortunate reality is that because secular laws are in place in these countries, and because politicians appease tribal and other leaders for political advantages, these unjust customs are allowed to continue. If the Islamic laws were established and executed, the severe punishments for fornication, adultery, murder, etc, would satisfy the Muslim population; that justice has been done, and this would curtail the sense of vengeance that one needs to have recourse to.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Power to Divorce is with the Husband
\r\nIn pre-Islamic times divorce was a weapon used against the woman solely in a man’s hands; when he wanted to harm the wife he would seek to divorce her and then take her back as he pleased. There were no set rules and the woman had no rights in the matter. So Allah (\ufdfb) invalidated this injustice by revealing the verse which says:
\r\n{\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0645\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064c \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u064d \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0631\u0650\u064a\u062d\u064c \u0628\u0650\u0625\u0650\u062d\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064d}
\r\n“Divorce is two times: then one may retain with goodness (and reasonable terms), or let go with goodness (and reasonable terms).” [2:229]
\r\nAs a way to help preserve the marriage even when some differences occur, a Muslim man following the Sunnah (way)of the Prophet (\ufdfa) may only divorce his wife while she is clean from menses wherein he has not had sexual relations with her in that month. Since this requires some waiting period before the pronouncement of divorce, this allows time for any anger to subside or misunderstandings to be cleared up, and gives time to other family members or mediators to help in reconciliation. If they continue on the path towards divorce, then she must wait three menstrual periods. During this time, he may “take her back” honorably into marriage. This will be counted as the first divorce and return. If the time lapses and he lets her go her way, she will be fully divorced for the first time, and is free to marry another man. Her first husband may remarry her with a new contract, if they both choose that option. If he does, and he then again divorces her, he may “take her back” her within the three menstrual periods, and this will be two divorces and returns. After two divorces and returns, if he divorces her a third time this is called the final and separating divorce wherein they are not allowed to remarry unless she waits the specified time of three menstrual cycles and then freely marries a different man with no intention of availing herself to this means in order to be able to lawfully marry her previous husband. If, for any reason, she becomes divorced from that man, only then, and on the condition that no shady pre-arranged dealings were made to circumvent this rule, can she re-marry her first husband. All these measures are designed to help protect the family and sanctity of the marriage bond, and the rights of the man and the woman. The waiting period is to determine that she is free from pregnancy. In case of pregnancy, the woman has to wait until after delivery before she marries a second husband.
\r\nDivorce is ultimately allowed in Islam to escape from any harm caused by the irreconcilable differences. It may become necessary in certain cases. There are strict rules about divorce to protect the interests and rights of the parties involved: the husband, wife and children. Some of them have been mentioned above.
\r\nDivorce might be forbidden in the case where it would not solve the problem and cause undue harm to one of the two marriage partners, without achieving a needed benefit.
\r\nIslamic jurisprudence obligates that in order to avoid divorce, solutions should be sought when critical disputes and differences occur between husband and wife; Allah, the Exalted, states in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n{ \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0629\u064c \u062e\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u064f\u0648\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062c\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0652\u0644\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0635\u064f\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064f\u0651\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064f \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064f\u062d\u0652\u0636\u0650\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0633\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064f\u0651\u062d\u064e\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0652\u0633\u0650\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u062e\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 (128)}
\r\n“And if a woman fears cruelty or desertion from her husband, there is no sin on both of them if they make terms of peace between themselves; and making peace is better.” [4:128]
\r\nAllah, the Exalted, also says:
\r\n{\u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u0650\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0634\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064e \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062b\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0635\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0641\u0650\u0651\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 (35)}
\r\n“If you fear a breach between them appoint two arbitrators, one from his family and the other from her family: if the two of them both wish for correction, Allah will cause their reconciliation. Indeed, Allah is Omniscient and Well-Acquainted with all things.” [4:35]
\r\nOne of the most natural and logical ways to help maintain a successful marriage is to let the man have more control over the divorce process than the woman because it is the man who is financially obliged to take care of his wife, household and family, and has ultimate responsibility of their welfare. Therefore, he must rationally assess the situation, grave consequences, and huge financial and emotional loss that will result from a divorce. The husband will lose the dowry he spent for the marriage, and will have to pay the alimony and child support, as well as any newly acquired expenses from a new marriage on top of that. Thus, with all these considerations, he will not act just out of quick anger, fickleness or passing emotion.
\r\nA man is more capable - at least theoretically - of controlling his flitting emotions and personal reactions when upset about the smaller issues in life, especially in terms of disputes with his wife. Divorce should never be a quick reaction for some suffering, misunderstandings, or differences of viewpoints, but only as a last resort and final solution when life becomes dangerously problematic and intolerable, wherein both spouse are afraid that they will not be able to abide by the limits set by Allah and His Prophet about respectable behavior with one another.
\r\nIslamic jurisprudence permits the wife to have her marriage nullified upon her request if the husband abuses her physically or verbally. She is also entitled to have the marriage nullified for the following general reasons:
\r\na)    if the husband is impotent and cannot perform his marital duties,
\r\nb)    or if the husband for any reason, refuses to have sexual relations with his wife and fulfill her lawful needs,
\r\nc)     or is afflicted with a disabling terminal illness after the marriage,
\r\nd)     or contracts any type of venereal or reproductive disease that may harm the wife or make her lose her desire to be with her husband. Thus, we see that the woman is given the right to seek separation from her husband for legitimate reasons in many situations, exactly as the man has the right to seek divorce. If a wife reaches the extreme limits of patience and abhors her husband, feeling that life is unbearable, then she has the right to divorce. This form of divorce is called annulment, or “Khul’a”, wherein she pays compensation by returning her dowry or some other property. A competent Muslim judge will look into the individual case if the husband refuses to accept the wife's request and if the request is considered sound and valid, will pass a judgment in favor of the woman.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n


\r\nWomen's Right of Inheritance<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Allah, the Exalted, stated in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n{ \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0630\u064e\u0651\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0644\u064f \u062d\u064e\u0638\u0650\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062b\u064e\u064a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 }
\r\n“Allah commands you as regards to your children's (inheritance); to the male, a portion equal to that of two females.” [4:11]
\r\nThose who misunderstand Islam claim that Islam does injustice to women in terms of inheritance. They opine that it is unfair to grant the male a double to that of the female even though they are children of the same parents. Allah, the Exalted, offered a full and detailed method of women's inheritance in the Qur'an and Sunnah, and if an unbiased student of knowledge reflects on the details, he or she will discover the fault of this opinion.
\r\nTo begin with, Allah has determined all the shares of all the relatives in respect to their relationship to the deceased. As He the Most Wise said:
\r\n{ \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0646\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0644\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0646\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u062b\u064f\u0631\u064e \u0646\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0636\u064b\u0627 (7)}
\r\n“There is a share for men and a share for women from what is left by parents and those nearest related, whether the property is small or large, an obligatory share.” [4:7]
\r\nAllah has stated three types of shares for a woman's inheritance as follows:
\r\na.     A woman will have an equal share as that of the man.
\r\nb.    A woman will have an equal share to that of the man, or a little less.
\r\nc.     A woman will have half the share of a man.
\r\nThis means that the minimum of her shares is half, and considering that a female has no continual financial responsibilities as a child, sister, wife or mother, and these responsibilities are always on the men of the family, this is very generous indeed.
\r\nThose who are interested in the details about this subject should review the discussions in books about the special branch of Islamic knowledge called "The science of inheritance and division of the estate”. These books deal with all the different ways of dividing an inheritance, and the proper share of all relatives according to the Qur’an and Sunnah. Prior to passing any judgment about "unfair treatment"' of Islam to women in terms of inheritance", one must examine this subject closely.
\r\nIn contrast to all the other societies, Islamic Jurisprudence stipulates the rules and regulations about all the affairs of a man, from big to small, to bring harmony to their lives. Just like a person has specific instructions for how to live and use his money in his lifetime, his wealth after his death is dealt with the same way. Unlike other social systems, a person can generally do with his wealth in his life however he wants but his will has certain restrictions according to the Islamic Law. Through his will he can only give 1\/3 of his wealth to whoever he wants, all the rest is distributed according to the law of inheritance derived from the Qur’an.
\r\nIn the famous tradition; the companion Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqas was ill and requested to bequest the majority of his wealth as charity, or a half of it since he was wealthy and only had one daughter. The Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) forbade him and only allowed him to give a third, and said :
\r\n" \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u062b\u062a\u0643 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0641\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u062a\u0643"
\r\n“A third and a third is a lot, and it is better that you leave your heirs wealthy rather than leave them needy begging from the people. You will not spend anything seeking Allah’s countenance but you receive a reward for that expenditure, even the morsel of food you put into your wife’s mouth.” [ Bukhari #2591 & Muslim #1628]
\r\nAn important point to note is that in many civilizations, man-made laws of inheritance are at the whim of a powerful individual; to give or deprive, as one will, however unjustly. Moreover, in these societies often there is no law that obligates a man with financial responsibilities and relieves the women from them. On the other hand, according to Islam, a male is required to take care of the entire financial needs of the female dependents of the family until they are married. From the time a female marries, her financial responsibilities are her husband's obligation. After the death of the husband, the son or other male relative is obliged to care for the widow.
\r\nTherefore, demanding a "fair", "just" or "equal" share of inheritance for both male and female Muslims, who do not have equal financial obligations and responsibilities, is an unfair and unjust demand. It is only fair and just to give preference to a male heir, in light of his financial responsibilities, over the female heir from the inheritance of the father, mother or others. Considering all this, the fact that a female is still entitled by the Islamic law to a half share of the portion of inheritance received by the male, and sometimes an equal share, is indeed fair, just, and generous.
\r\nGustave Le Bon says in his book Arab Civilization:
\r\n“The principles of inheritance which have been determined in the Qur'an have a great deal of justice and fairness. The person who reads the Qur'an can perceive these concepts of justice and fairness in terms of inheritance through the verses I quoted. I should also point out the great level of efficiency in terms of general laws and rules derived from these verses. I have compared British, French and Islamic Laws of inheritance and found that Islam grants the wives the right of inheritance, which our laws are lacking while Westerners consider them to be ill-treated by the Muslim men.”
\r\nAlso, in accordance with Islam, the men of the family shoulder all expenses resulting from payment of “blood-money”, and this is another subject of concern that we will discuss now.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Testimony of Women
\r\nAllah, the Exalted, stated in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n{\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0647\u0650\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u064e\u0647\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0631\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0636\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0625\u0650\u062d\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0630\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064e \u0625\u0650\u062d\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064f\u062e\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0649}
\r\n“And get two witnesses out of your own men. And if there are not two men (available), then a man and two women, such as you agree for witnesses, so that if one of them (two women) errs, the other can remind her.” [2:282]
\r\nAllah clarifies to assure the rights of others that testimonies will not be valid unless two men, or one man and two women offer them.
\r\nDivine wisdom has granted women, in general, very sensitive emotions, tender feelings, and a predisposition towards care and love of other members of the family. This makes a woman capable of her natural task of childbearing, nursing, taking care of all the needs of the young child, etc. Based on these emotional characteristics of the woman, she might very well follow her emotional inclinations and swerve from harsh realities due to an emotional involvement in a case. A woman's loving and kind feelings might overcome what she has witnessed, and thus she may distort the story of her witness and testimony. At the same time the biological changes that occur in her body due to menses, pregnancy, child-birth and post-natal conditions reduce the sharpness of her memory and may make her forget the details of the issue. Therefore, a divine precautionary measure was established to eliminate any shortcoming on a woman’s part in any case of testimony. We would like to point out here one of the essential principles of the legal and judicial system in Islam, which states that the case is not valid for proceedings if a doubt arises in the case. Therefore, the strength of two female witnesses is intended to eliminate this doubt.
\r\nBesides testimony that involves other people’s rights, Islam has granted women full financial freedom in terms of independence and financial decision-making, and made her exactly equal to men in that regard. However, woman's natural role in life, in raising children and caring for the family requires her to stay in the home for longer and extended periods in comparison to men, thus limiting her knowledge and experience to the affairs she stays involved in most of her life.
\r\nIt is a false accusation to say that making the testimonies and witnesses of two women equal to one man in certain cases is an insult to the woman's intelligence and a dishonor to her integrity. If that were the case, a single woman's testimony would, likewise, not be acceptable in the other affairs of women. Islamic jurisprudence accepts a woman's testimony in all affairs that are private like in confirming the virginity of a woman, delivery of a child, clarification of female sexual defects, and other matters that mandate examination due to a dispute. At the same time, it must be remembered that Islamic law rejects a man’s lone testimony in the least significant financial matters such as lending or borrowing funds and other transactions, since there must be two. The critically serious cases, wherein a woman's testimony must be doubled, is established in order to preserve and prove the rights of individuals in the society based on the reliability and irrefutability of that testimony.
\r\nNote that testimony in the Islamic law in itself is not a privilege but a burden that many attempt to avoid, and for this reason Allah (\ufdfb) commanded people to offer their testimonies and not to seek to escape or withhold it. Allah (\ufdfb) stated in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n[\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062f\u064f\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0627]
\r\n“And the witnesses should not refuse when they are called on (for evidence).” [2:282]
\r\nThe address here is general for both male and female. Many people all over the world try to avoid becoming a witness, and attempt to escape involvement in offering testimonies, because one is required to go to the court, sit on the witness stand, take an oath to tell the truth, be cross-examined and many other burdens. Financial and physical burdens or threats may result from being a witness and offering testimony. Islam therefore aims at eliminating many of these burdens from the woman, unless she has a partner who witnesses as she does, in matters involving many forms of testimony.
\r\nA man's single testimony is not acceptable in financial matters, since there must be two male witnesses to prove the financial right of a claimant, or one man and two women. We have never heard that anyone considered this requirement an insult to man's intelligence or contrary to his rights. This proves that the requirement is for the protection against false accusations and mistakes.
\r\nThere are some cases when the testimony of each is totally equal. For instance, the testimony of a wife is exactly equal to the testimony of her husband when a husband accuses his wife of committing adultery and he has no evidence to prove his claim. Allah (\ufdfb) stated in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n{\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062c\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0634\u064f\u0647\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0633\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0639\u064f \u0634\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e (6) \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0644\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0630\u0650\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e (7) \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0623\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0647\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0634\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0630\u0650\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e (8) \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u063a\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e (9)}
\r\n“As for those who accuse their wives, but have no witnesses except themselves, let them present their testimony four times, that by Allah he is one of those who speak the truth. By the fifth (testimony, he invokes) the Curse of Allah on himself, if he is of those who tell a lie (against her). She will avert the punishment (of stoning to death) from her if she bears witness four times by Allah, that he (her husband) is telling a lie. And the fifth (testimony) should be that the Wrath of Allah be upon her if he (her husband) is speaking the truth.” [24:6-9]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Travel Without a Male Guardian
\r\nThe Prophet (\ufdfa) said:
\r\n" \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645" \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u0625\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u061f \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644:" \u0627\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627"
\r\n“A woman must not travel alone without a mahram (her husband or a man with whom that woman cannot marry at all according to the Islamic Jurisprudence). No man may enter the house of a woman unless there is a mahram with her.” A man stood up and asked Allah's Prophet (\ufdfa): “O Messenger of Allah! My wife is going on Hajj (pilgrimage), while I want to participate in a battle, what should I do?” The Prophet of Allah (\ufdfa) said: “Go out with her.” [ Bukhari #1763]
\r\nFor the protection of the person and honor of women, the Islamic rule encompassed in this tradition forbids any woman, whether she be young or old, single or married, to travel alone without (mahram) as a travel companion. This man must be of those to whom she is permanently prohibited to marry due to their close blood relationship, such as a father, a brother, an uncle, an elder son or nephew after he has reached puberty, or a husband, etc. Some people might say that this regulation restricts the freedom of the woman and her basic right of movement. The purpose of this rule is not to prevent her ravel but to free her from harm and molestation, and thus to maintain and preserve her right of dignity. Traveling entails many hardships and dangers, and since women are physically weaker than men, and moreover she may have circumstances of pregnancy, menses, nursing and childcare, or some ailments, she is in more need of help and service. Also women are generally more emotional and impressionable; they are more susceptible to unscrupulous and characterless men in search of victims.
\r\nAnas said:
\r\n\u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0633\u064d \u0640 \u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0640 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0633\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u064d\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u063a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0645\u064c \u064a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062f\u064f\u0648 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0629\u064f\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0651 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 ‏ "‏ \u0631\u064f\u0648\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0643\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0629\u064f\u060c \u0633\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0631\u0650 ‏"‏‏.‏ \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648 \u0642\u0650\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e‏.‏
\r\n“The Prophet (\ufdfa) was on a journey and a slave named Anjasha was chanting (singing) for the camels to let them go fast (while driving). The Prophet (\ufdfa) said, "O Anjasha, drive slowly (the camels) with the glass vessels!" Abu Qilaba said, "By the glass vessels' he meant the women (riding the camels).” [Bukhari #5857]
\r\nThe phrase “delicate glassware” describes the fragileness and softness of the women’s nature, who were the riders in that caravan, easily broken or disturbed.
\r\nThere are, as we all know, wicked minded, evil and violent men who lurk about and seek to take advantage of women whom they find susceptible, gullible or traveling alone. Such wicked-minded men are of course either interested in robbery, trickery, seduction, or rape. Therefore, a woman is very much in need of someone to care for, protect and fulfill her special needs while traveling, providing her the needed security, service and attention to help her in the difficulties and ward off strangers and potential predators. The “mahram” of a woman in Islam protects and serves with utmost sincerity since this is a natural obligation on him, rewarded by Allah (\ufdfb). We find that many civilizations have similar rules about escorting women in travel, but often they allow other than the “mahram” to escort her since they do not differentiate between a mahram and a non-mahram in their cultures, which results in terrible stories. Therefore, and upon this line of reasoning, forbidding a woman to travel alone, and mandating a male escort who must be a “mahram,” is not in any way a humiliating restriction or insult to her abilities, but, in fact, is an honor that she is served, protected and given companionship by a male escort who has to give her preference over his personal matters and needs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n


\r\nWomen's Right to Work
\r\nAs mentioned above, Allah created all mankind from a single male and female, and placed natural love and affection for one another in order that they cooperate to build families and relationships of families. We see in nature that Allah bestowed the male of each species with superior power and endurance in order that he may dominate in certain spheres and seek provisions and protection for the species, while the female of each species is equipped to reproduce and multiply to maintain the continuity of that species. Only the female is equipped with the necessary apparatus to bear, deliver, nurse and care for the young. The female human has been endowed with love, kindness, sympathy, care and affection in order to carry out her duties to her children with dignity. Based on this natural predisposition and delegation of responsibilities, and based on the unique qualities of the male and the female, it is only natural for man to work outside the house and earn for the sustenance of the family and for the woman to work inside the house and take care of the children and the family in general.
\r\nConsidering this basic fact, Islamic law does not deprive a woman from the right to work within the limits that protect her honor and dignity. Islam permits the woman to personally conduct her business contracts and financial transactions. All such contracts and transactions are sound and valid in the view of Islamic jurisprudence. There are certain set conditions which if violated, the permission given to the woman to practice this right will be rendered void and she can be restrained from the use of her right.
\r\nThe work that the women engage outside the home must not conflict with her duties and responsibilities to her husband and children. Her work must be with other women and free of intermingling in a male environment, where she comes into physical contact with men, or is confined and exposed to molestation and abuse. As the Messenger of Allah said (\ufdfa):
\r\n" \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0647\u0645\u0627 "
\r\n“A man is not secluded with a woman, but that the Satan is the third party to them.” [Tirmidhi #1171 and verified]
\r\nAnd in another tradition:
\r\n\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u062d\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u062a\u0643)
\r\nA man said: “O Messenger of Allah my wife has gone out to go for Pilgrimage and I have been written to go for a military campaign.” He said: “Go and make Pilgrimage with your wife.” [Bukhari #4935 & Muslim #1341]
\r\nLady Cook, the well-known English writer says in New Echo:
\r\n"Men like (and prefer) the mixed environment. Thus, women are lured to something that conflicts with their human nature. The greater the co-ed. environment (between male and female), the more illegitimate children the society will have. There is the greatest disaster..."
\r\nThe work that the woman performs outside her home must be, in the first place, a lawful employment or job that suits the nature and physique of the woman. She must not, for instance, be obliged to do heavy industrial jobs, and other jobs to which men are more suited to perform.
\r\nThe question that poses itself here is: Why does the woman have to work in the first place? If a woman is working to earn her own living expenses, Islam has absolved her from this duty by obliging, as mentioned earlier, the male family members to take care of the entire financial needs and obligations. Thus from her birth to death, throughout the various stages of her entire life, she is not required to work to give utmost dignity and concentration to her paramount mission and duty of taking care of the home and raising the children. This honorable mission requires great sacrifices and devotion, and has the highest status.
\r\nThe well-known English scholar Samuel Smiles, one of the pillars of the English renaissance says:
\r\n"The system that has required women to work in factories and industrial areas, regardless of the national wealth it brings, has destroyed the family life. It has attacked, in fact, the basic structure and foundations of the home and destroyed the essential pillars of the family. It has cut and destroyed social ties as well. Stripping the wife from her husband, and depriving children of their rights of proper, tender and maternal care, has resulted in lower moral values for the women. The real job and profession of a woman is to raise a good, sound and moral family. She is mainly required to take care of household responsibilities, home economics and other domestic needs. Work in factories has stripped the woman, as we pointed earlier, of all these responsibilities which changed the looks and the realities of the inner home. Children, as well, were often neglected and raised with no sound standards. The love and affection between husband and wife were somewhat extinguished. The woman was no longer the sought, wanted, admired and loved by man, after he got used to seeing her in the factory next to him doing the same thing he does. Woman came under many influences and pressures that changed her mentality and thinking pattern on which moral values and virtues were established."
\r\nIn fact, the First Lady of South Africa calls for the return of woman to the home saying:
\r\n"The most natural place for a woman is her own home. The main task and responsibility for a woman must be to care for her husband and attend to the needs of her children."
\r\nShe also said in an address to a women's conference in the capital of South Africa:
\r\n"The main task and responsibility for a woman must be to care for her husband and attend to the needs of her children… This is our duty in the society. It is a duty in which we should take special pride as it produces successful men and sound generations."<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n


\r\nOn Hijab (covering head)
\r\nThis issue has been sensationalized in the media, especially in some secular countries like France and Turkey which seek to make illegal the wearing of the Muslim headscarf or face veil in public places. We will not delve into all the details of the issue but, given the information above and some additional information below, we will let the readers judge for themselves whether or not the modest clothing and covering of the beauty and adornments of women, mandated in Islamic scriptures, is only for her own honor and protection, or not.
\r\nAllah (\ufdfb) says:
\r\n{\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0651 \u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0646\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062c\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0630\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u063a\u064e\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 (59)}
\r\n“O Prophet! Tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers to draw their cloaks (and\/or veils) over their bodies. That is better that they should be known so as not to be annoyed and molested. Allah is Ever Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” [33:59]
\r\nThis verse clearly states that the reason the woman is obligated to cover herself is to distinguish her to be identified as a respectable Muslim lady, to avoid the annoying glances and glares of the men. As we all know, provocative clothing urges some men to make advances, and expose women to molestation. This may be encouraged and marketed in some societies, but not among the respectable faithful Muslims.
\r\nAll protective measures should be taken to guard women from excess temptation, which are explained in Islamic jurisprudence. Some of them are related to the women’s attire like loose fitting body wrapping, head covering, and according to the authentic interpretations of the scriptures of the Qur’an and Sunnah, the face veil.
\r\nAllah (\ufdfb) also said:
\r\n\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0636\u064f\u0636\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0641\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u062c\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0632\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0638\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u062e\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u062c\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0632\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0622\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0622\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u062e\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0628\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0625\u0650\u062e\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0628\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0623\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0646\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0650\u0651\u0641\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0639\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062c\u064f\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0644\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0652\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0632\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0644\u0650\u062d\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e (31)
\r\n“And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and guard their private parts and not display their adornment (and beauty), except that which appears thereof (ordinarily) and to draw their coverings over their chests and not display their adornment except to their husbands, their fathers, their husband’s fathers, their sons, their husband’s sons, their brothers, their brothers’ sons, their sisters’ sons, their women, that which their right hands possess (their slaves) or those male attendants having no physical desire, or children who are not yet aware of the private aspects of women. And let them not stomp their feet to make known what they conceal of their adornments. And turn to Allah in repentance, all of you, O believers that you might succeed.” [24:31]
\r\nThis verse indicates those males who are categorized as “mahram,” as mentioned above, and designates that men and women should lower their gazes in modesty, which is the best self-protection from natural temptations and mutual attractions that occur between the opposite sexes.
\r\nAnd Allah (\ufdfb) says, indicating the provocative manners with which the women of pre-Islamic era used to walk about, and calling the believers to appropriate behavior and repentance:
\r\n{\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0628\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u062a\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062c\u0652\u0646\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0651\u062c\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0645\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0622\u062a\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u0651\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0637\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0630\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0628\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062c\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0637\u064e\u0647\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0647\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 (33)}
\r\n“And stay in your houses, and do not display yourselves like that of the times of ignorance, and establish regular prayers and give obligatory charity and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah wishes only to remove impurity from you, O members of the family (of the Prophet), and to purify you with a thorough purification. And remember (O you the members of the Prophet's family, the Graces of your Lord), that which is recited in your houses of the Verses of Allah and Wisdom (i.e. Prophet's Sunnah ). Verily, Allah is Ever Most Courteous, Well-Acquainted with all things. Verily, the Muslims men and women, the believing men and women, the obedient men and women, the truthful men and women, the patient men and women, the humble men and women, the charitable men and women, the fasting men and the women, the chaste men and women, and the men and the women who remember Allah much with their hearts and tongues; Allah has prepared for them forgiveness and a great reward (i.e. Paradise). It is not for a believing man or woman, when Allah and His Messenger have decreed a matter, that they should have any option in their decision. And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, he has indeed strayed in a clear error.” [33:33-6]
\r\nWe can see that Islamic regulations, although similar to many other cultures where modest dress and behavior is concerned, are yet unique to the highest standards of the Muslim identity of chastity, righteousness, and moral uprightness. Islam protects and safeguards the individuals and the society from awkward situations of unnecessary intermingling between marriageable males and females leading to natural temptations. The Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) said in an authentic tradition:
\r\n( \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0627 . \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 )
\r\n“Verily for every religion there is a characteristic, and the characteristic of Islam is Haya`a (modesty, shyness, bashfulness).” [ Ibn Maajah #4172 and verified]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n


\r\n 
\r\nBeating Women is Forbidden in Islam
\r\n* This chapter written by Ahmed Al-Amir & Tsekoura Vivian<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Introduction
\r\nAll praise belongs to Allah, the Lord all of the worlds, Who sent Muhammad \ufdfa as a Messenger of glad tidings and as a warner, as well as to call the whole world to the Path of Allah, and as a bright light. May Allah’s Blessings and peace be upon him, his family and his Companions.
\r\nThis chapter was written as an answer to the claims of many people who are deceived and misled by Satan. The matter of beating women in Islam has been discussed in many gatherings and there are many websites addressing that matter, without understanding or having knowledge about this, and some of the enemies of Islam unjustly invent lies on that matter. They invent words that have neither roots nor branches, they are completely baseless. Therefore, I would like to put in the generous reader’s hands the attitude of Islam on beating women and its differentiation with the attitudes of other religions, since Islam is the only religion that states the forbiddance of beating women, either young or older. So, I present for you the details of the matter, and then you can judge, after you have acquired knowledge and understanding on the matter.
\r\nThe Author<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n


\r\nClassification of actions based on the Islamic law (Shari'a)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

All human actions are divided according to the Islamic law in the following categories, in order to clarify whether an action is considered permissible or prohibited:
\r\n1. Obligatory (Fard): It is what Islamic law imposes on people, without any doubt, such as the obligation of prayer, of fasting, of Zakah (annual obligatory charity that the rich gives to the poor). These actions are obligatory, and whoever does them will be rewarded, while whoever neglects them will be punished.
\r\n2. Preferable (Mustahab): They are the actions that the Islamic law encourages people to do without having made them obligatory. Whoever does them will be rewarded, but whoever neglects them is not considered to have sinned, so he is not punished. Such actions are to brush one's teeth with the Siwak (a small piece of wood with bristles, like a brush) before prayer.
\r\n3. Permissible (Μubah): They are the acts which neither whoever does is rewarded nor the one who neglects is punished, such as walking, using the car or an airplane and any other everyday actions.
\r\n4. Repugnant (Makrooh): They are acts abstinence from which is encouraged by the Islamic Law, but there is no prohibition on them. So whoever abstains from them is rewarded, but the one who does them is not considered to have sinned and he is not punished. It is preferred to abstain from these acts and whatever may lead to them, but he who does them has not sinned. But the repetition of such actions and the habit of them leads to the violation of the limits that have been set by Allah and to the commission of an act which Allah has forbidden. The reason behind the fact that such actions are not considered sins, even though they are repugnant, is that sometimes it may be necessary to commit them. For example, Allah, the Almighty, hates divorce, but has not banned it as a mercy for His slaves, to release them if life circumstances require so.
\r\n5. Forbidden (Haram): They are the actions the Islamic Law forbids. So, whoever does them is considered to have sinned and is punished, while whoever abstains from them is rewarded. Such acts include the prohibition of alcohol consumption and adultery.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Distinction between the permissible and the forbidden<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

To know the permissible and distinguish it from the forbidden is the backbone of Islam and the proof of faith, and it is connected to the actions of the heart, as it is connected to the actions of the body. The basic rule is that every act is permitted, and there are no impermissible acts except those specifically mentioned in the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad \ufdfa as forbidden. The permissible acts are something pure, good, while the forbidden ones are something evil, obscene. And it is the Right of Allah, since He is the Creator, the Good-Doer and the Disposer of His slaves’ affairs, to permit whatever He wants for His slaves and to forbid whatever He wants. But Allah, as a mercy from Him to His slaves, has made the legalization and the forbiddance of actions for logical causes, based on the benefit for people. Therefore, Allah has not permitted anything but good, and has not forbidden anything but evil.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Moving a deed from one category to another<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1. Moving from the permissible to the forbidden and vice versa:
\r\nA permissible deed can be transferred to the category of the prohibited if there is a reason that makes this deed instead of pleasing and good for the soul a bad and vile act that harms the soul. For example, while walking on the streets is a permissible act, it may be forbidden if the president of a country has set a command of curfew for some time for the safety of the citizens.
\r\nA forbidden deed may also be transferred to the category of the permissible if there is a reason that makes this deed necessary for a man’s life to be preserved. For example, drinking alcohol is a forbidden action, but it may be permissible if a man is lost in the desert and is going to die of thirst while he has nothing available to drink but alcohol, in which case he may drink as much as needed in order to ensure his survival, without, however, transgressing this limit.
\r\n2. Moving from the obligatory to the forbidden and vice versa:
\r\nAn obligatory deed may be moved to the category of the forbidden and a forbidden deed may be moved to the category of the obligatory. For example, prayer is an obligatory deed, but it may become forbidden if a man is praying inside his house during an earthquake and it is certain that he will die unless he gets out of the house quickly. On the other hand, to attack someone and cut his leg is forbidden, but if a doctor has to cut a patient’s leg to save his life, then this action becomes obligatory to him and if he does not do it he is considered to have committed a sin and a crime, for which he must be punished.
\r\n3. Moving from the repugnant to the category of the preferable or from preferable to the category of the forbidden:
\r\nA repugnant deed may move to the category of the preferable, even to that of the obligatory. For example, divorce is in essence a repugnant deed, which Allah detests, but in some cases not to give one’s wife a divorce can lead to forbidden deeds that the husband cannot prevent unless he gives a divorce, like when a wife is immoral and the husband cannot bring her back to the straight path. In this case it is preferable that the husband should give divorce to such a woman. Consequently, the repugnant action becomes preferable.
\r\nA preferable deed may also be moved to the category of the forbidden. For example, to clean one’s teeth with As-Siwak is a preferable action. But it may become repugnant, or even forbidden, when, for example, one’s teeth are about to fall and he knows that this will happen if he cleans them with As-Siwak. In this case to clean one’s teeth with As-Siwak is opposing the Islamic rule ‘not to harm, or cause any harm to anybody, not even yourself.’<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Conclusion:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Based on what we have explained above, we conclude that Islam is not a blind religion that does not see or assess the circumstances of the everyday affairs of people. The blindness is in fact in the hearts of the enemies of Islam, who have no other purpose with the lies they invent against Islam but to put out the light of Allah with their mouths, and verily, Allah will complete His Light, even if the disbelievers do not like that. Maybe, dear reader, you have understood that Islam is not a religion of injustice, but it is a religion of justice, and as one of the Names of Allah is “Al-‘Adl - The Just”, the estimation of whether an action is forbidden or permissible in Islam is based on justice and not on blind judgement, while every form of injustice is forbidden in Islam.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Treatment of Wives in Light of the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In light of the Verses of the Qur'an we see that Allah, the Exalted, ordered excellent treatment of the wife, generosity towards her, and the best cohabitation with her, even if there is not love from the heart. Allah, the All-Wise, said:
\r\n" \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0634\u0650\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650 \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u062b\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 "
\r\n“And live with them in the best way. If you dislike them, it may be that you dislike a thing and Allah brings through it a great deal of good.” (4:19)
\r\nThe Prophet \ufdfa said:
\r\n"\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631"
\r\n“A believer man must not hate (his wife) believing woman; if he dislikes one of her characteristics he will be pleased with another.” (Muslim)
\r\nAlso, Allah clarifies that the woman has rights towards her husband, just as the husband has rights towards her. Allah, the Exalted, says:
\r\n" \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0650 "
\r\n“And they (women) have rights (over their husbands), similar (to those of their husbands) over them, to what is reasonable.” (2:228)
\r\nAnd the Prophet’s \ufdfa last will before he died was that men should take care of their wives and honour them, and never treat them unfairly or violate their rights. The Prophet \ufdfa said:
\r\n"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627"
\r\n“Treat the women in the best way.’’ (Muslim)
\r\nAnd the Prophet \ufdfa ordered men to behave well to their wives and be generous with them. He also clarified that the best of men is the one who treats his wife best. The Prophet \ufdfa said:
\r\n" \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 "
\r\n“The most complete in faith is the best in character. And the best of you is the one who is best to his wife.” (At-Tirmidhi & Sahih Al-Gami‘ No. 1230)
\r\nThe Prophet \ufdfa also said:
\r\n" \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a "
\r\n“The best of you is the one who is best to his wife, and I am the best of you to my wives.” (Ibn Hiban & Sahih Al-Gami‘ No. 3314)
\r\nAlso, the Prophet ordered his Companions to tolerate the mistakes of their women, clarifying the nature of the woman, in which Allah created her. The Prophet \ufdfa said:
\r\n‏"‏\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0644\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621‏"‏
\r\n“Treat the women in the best way. Verily, the woman was created from a rib and the most crooked portion of the rib is its upper part; if you try to straighten it, it will break, and if you leave it, it will remain crooked, so treat the women in the best way.” (Al-Bukhari)
\r\nThe Messenger of Allah \ufdfa also said:
\r\n"‏ \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0629\u064e \u062e\u064f\u0644\u0650\u0642\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0636\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0639\u064d \u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0637\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0642\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u0650\u0648\u064e\u062c\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0637\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 ‏"
\r\n“Verily, woman was created from a rib. It shall not be straightened to you in anyway (i.e. she shall not behave exactly as you wish her to). Thus, if you enjoy her, you will enjoy her bent. And if you tried to straighten her, you would break her. And to break her means a divorce.” (Muslim)
\r\nThe Verses of the Holy Quran and Ahadith showing that the man should treat his wife in the best way are innumerable, and whoever wants to refer to them, he might as well do so.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Did Allah’s Messenger (\ufdfa) ever beat any of his wives?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet \ufdfa is the good example which all Muslims should follow, as Allah the Exalted has ordered them to. Allah, the Exalted, says:
\r\n" \u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0629\u064c \u062d\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062c\u064f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0622\u062e\u0650\u0631\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0643\u064e\u062b\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 "
\r\n“Indeed, in the Messenger of Allah (Muhammad) you have a good example to follow, for whomever hopes for (the Meeting with) Allah and the Last Day, and remembers Allah much.” (33:21)
\r\nAllah, the Exalted, also described the noble Messenger’s morals, saying in the Qur’an:
\r\n " \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0643\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u062e\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0642\u064d \u0639\u064e\u0638\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064d "
\r\n“And Verily, you (O Muhammad) are on an exalted (standard of) character.” (68:4)
\r\nThe Prophet \ufdfa applied his good morals in practice, from which people learned how to treat other people. The Prophet \ufdfa said:
\r\n(\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u062a \u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642).
\r\n“Verily, I was not sent but to perfect and complete the best ethics.” (Malik in Al-Muata’ & Al-Bukhari in Al-Adab Al-Mufrad & in As-Silsilah As-Sahiha No. 45)
\r\nDo we then read in the Prophet’s \ufdfa biography or in his words (Ahadith) anything that shows that the Prophet \ufdfa has ever beaten any woman or any child? Or do we even find in his enemies’ words who lived during his time and saw him and heard him, any claim that would blame him for such a thing?
\r\nAnd let us look upon Aisha, the Prophet’s wife, and what she said about him after his death, to see what kind of a husband he was:
\r\n(\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0621\u0627\u0646)
\r\n“His character was the Qur’an.” (Ahmad & Sahih Al-Gami‘ No. 4811)
\r\n" \u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b "
\r\n“Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa) never hit anything with his hand neither a servant nor a woman.’’ (Muslim)
\r\nAnd let us look at the words of the Prophet’s servant, Anas bin Malik \uf074:
\r\n\u062e\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064e \u0633\u0650\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0644\u0650\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0641\u064d\u0651 \u0642\u064e\u0637\u064f\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0644\u0650\u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0621\u064d \u0635\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e \u0635\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u0644\u0650\u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0621\u064d \u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u062e\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0633\u0650\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064f \u062e\u064e\u0632\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0637\u064f\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u062d\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0641\u0650\u0651 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u0634\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0637\u064f\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u0639\u0650\u0637\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0637\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0628\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645
\r\n“I remained in the service of the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa  for ten years. He never once told me 'Oof'. When I did something, he never asked me, why did you do so? When I did not do a certain task, he never asked me why I did not do it. And the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa had the best character among all people. (and also possessed the most excellent features, so much so,) that I never felt a silk cloth, nor pure silk, nor any other thing softer than the palm (of the hand) of the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa. Nor did I smell any musk or any other fragrance, more sweet smelling than the sweat of the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa.” (Muslim & At-Tirmidhi)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The thesis of Islam about beating women:
\r\nIs it allowed or forbidden in Islam?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The sources of the Islamic Law are the Verses of the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet \ufdfa, and based on these two we will arrive at the judgment of Islam on beating women and in their light you, dear reader, can decide in which category of acts one should place beating women. That is, the category of the obligatory, the preferable, the permissible, the repugnant or the forbidden?
\r\nIyas bin Abd Allah said that the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa said:
\r\n(\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647)\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: (\u0630\u0626\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0646)\u060c \u0641\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u0623\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0622\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645: (\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0622\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0628\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0645)
\r\n“Do not beat women”, then (some other time, after the Prophet had forbidden beating women) ‘Umar ibn Al-Khattab came to the Prophet \ufdfa, saying to him: “Women overcame their men, disobeying them and treating them with arrogance and bad manner.” Then the Prophet \ufdfa  gave them permission to beat them (making an exception for such cases). After that many women came to the Prophet’s wives complaining about their husbands. And then the Prophet \ufdfa said: “Many women have come to Muhammad’s wives complaining about their husbands, those men are not the best among you.” (Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah, Ad-Darmi & Al-Albani reported it as Sahih)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

From an analysis of this Hadith we can conclude the following:
\r\nThis hadith (saying of the Prophet \ufdfa) includes three different sayings of the Prophet \ufdfa, which he said on three different occasions and not only on one, single occasion.
\r\nThe first occasion:
\r\nThe Prophet \ufdfa said “Do not beat women.”, and here ends the first occasion. Therefore, whoever heard these words from the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa learnt with certainty that the Islamic view on beating women was that it is forbidden and that whoever does it is a sinner, since he has violated the Prophet’s \ufdfa command.
\r\nAccording to the above, I address my response to you, dear reader. If you were there during that time and heard the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa say, “Do not beat women” would you say that beating women, according to the Islamic Law, is obligatory, preferable, permissible, repugnant or forbidden? And would you consider that whoever did it would be rewarded or considered a sinner? And would you say that Islam oppresses women and allows beating them?
\r\nThe second occasion:
\r\nNow, let us move on to the second part of the hadith, in which ‘Umar ibn Al-Khattab came to the Prophet \ufdfa, meaning that this happened on another occasion than when the Prophet \ufdfa said: “Do not beat women.” ‘Umar came to complain about the women, saying: “Women overcame their men, disobeying them and treating them with arrogance and a bad manner.” Here and only here, as an exception, the Prophet \ufdfa, taking into consideration the realistic circumstances of life, gave permission to beat one’s wife, but ONLY in such circumstances. But how should this beating be? This will be explained later on.
\r\nThe third occasion:
\r\nNow, let us move on to the third part of the hadith, (After that many women came to the wives of the Prophet \ufdfa  complaining about their husbands. And then the Prophet \ufdfa said: “Many women have come to Muhammad’s wives complaining about their husbands, those men are not the best among you.”). Here lies the final judgment about beating women in Islam, that it is a repugnant or a forbidden deed if the husband transgresses the limits set by Allah, which will be explained later on.
\r\nDo you understand from this hadith that the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa commended whosoever beats his wife? Or did he encourage that one beats his wife? Or did he reprove whosoever beats his wife?!!! The Prophet’s Companions rushed to receive the pleasure of Allah’s Messenger \ufdfa. And that is why they knew with certainty that he who beats his wife is not the one to receive the Messenger’s pleasure, quite the opposite. That is, he who does not beat his wife and forgives her mistakes is the one who will receive the pleasure of the Messenger \ufdfa. And without any doubt, any deed that the Prophet \ufdfa hated goes to the category of the repugnant acts, or even the forbidden ones.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Can beating women be moved from the category of the repugnant to that of the forbidden?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

We saw that the basis for this subject in Islam and the first judgment of Islam about beating women makes the action forbidden. Then the action moved to the category of the permissible acts for some specific reasons, and finally it was moved to the category of the repugnant. But when does beating women become forbidden? It is a forbidden action if it is an unjust transgression, without any reason, since every form of unjust transgression is forbidden in Islam. Allah, the Exalted, said in His Wise Book, warning against any form of injustice:
\r\n " \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0646\u064f\u0630\u0650\u0642\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 (19) "
\r\n“And whoever among you commits injustice (i.e. sets up rivals to Allah), We shall make him taste a great torment.” (25: 19)
\r\nAllah also said:
\r\n" \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0638\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064d (8) "
\r\n“And the unjust will have neither any Wali (Protector, Guardian), nor any Supporter.” (42:8)
\r\nAllah’s Messenger \ufdfa said:
\r\n(\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u064f\u0651\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u064f\u0651\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0638\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064c \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0629\u0650)
\r\n“Fear and abstain from injustice (and oppression). Verily, injustice will turn into excessive darkness in the Day of Judgment.” (Muslim)
\r\nAllah’s Messenger \ufdfa also said:
\r\n[\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628]
\r\n“Fear the supplication of the oppressed, as there is no screen between it and Allah.” (Al-Bukhari)
\r\nThe Prophet \ufdfa also said:
\r\n" \u0627\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 "
\r\n“Fear the supplication of the oppressed, even if he is a disbeliever, as there is no screen for it (between itself and Allah).” (Ahmad & Al-Albani reported it as Sahih)
\r\nIn addition, Islam did not only forbid hurting one’s wife physically, but even verbally. Allah, the Exalted, says:
\r\n" \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0652\u0635\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u063a\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0644\u064f\u0639\u0650\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0651\u0646\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0622\u062e\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064c \u0639\u064e\u0638\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064c (23) \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0647\u064e\u062f\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0633\u0650\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e (24) "
\r\n“Verily, those who accuse chaste women, who never even think of anything touching their chastity and are good believers – are cursed in this life and in the Hereafter, and for them will be a great torment.” (24:23)
\r\nAllah, the Exalted, also says:
\r\n" \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0630\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u064f\u0647\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 (58) "
\r\n“And those who annoy believing men and women undeservedly, they bear (on themselves) the crime of slander and plain sin.” (33:58)
\r\nThe Prophet of Allah \ufdfa also said:
\r\n"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645"
\r\n‘‘The Muslim is the one from whose tongue and hand the people are safe, and the believer is the one from whom the people's lives and wealth are safe.’’ (An-Nasa’i)
\r\nAnd notice that in the previous hadith the Prophet \ufdfa said that people are safe from the hand and the tongue of a Muslim. He did not say that Muslims are safe.
\r\nTherefore, the one who claims that Islam encourages injustice or beating women invents a great slander and an enormous lie.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The judgment of an Islamic court concerning the beating of women<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Now, it is best to move on to the practical implementation of the subject to the everyday life by an Islamic court, namely to see the judgment of an Islamic court in a case of beating women. Islamic courts address this issue with much seriousness, protecting the rights of women and judging against the men who beat their wives. Here is an example.
\r\nThe newspaper Riyadh published the following news item on its website on December 12th, 2012:
\r\n“The court of the town Al-Katif in Saudi Arabia sentenced a husband who had beaten his wife to 30 lashes in public view, so as for him to be an example for anyone else who may do the same act in the future. The judge also ordered the man to attend a ten-day seminar at an institute specialized in the art of treating women and family issues and finally to pass a written examination, the results of which would be attached to the case file.”
\r\nSimilarly, all the courts in all the Islamic countries convict any man who beats his wife. The funny thing is that some women take advantage of this and intimidate or threaten their husbands. When they want to take revenge for something, they lightly hurt themselves and then falsely report to the authorities that their husbands did that, although the men are innocent!
\r\nThe conclusion from the above case is that no sensible Muslim, who follows the teachings of Islam, does accept any injustice towards his wife, and that Islam, our religion, neither taught us, nor ordered us to do anything like this. On the contrary, Islam has prohibited all forms of injustice and has ordered forgiveness, patience, tolerance and confrontation of evil with goodness. And we should know that Islam has not made the beating of women a permissible act but made it an exception for some individual cases in which there is nothing else to be done. Moreover, it surrounded it with specific conditions in order for this to happen very rarely and only to achieve a specific purpose, which is the protection of the home and morality in the society in general.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Islamic solution for the problem of the immoral wife<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

One may ask:
\r\nIsn’t it better for the man to admonish his wife, instead of beating her?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Of course! And verily, this is the Judgment of Allah, the All-Wise, Who said in His Book:
\r\n" \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062a\u0650\u064a \u062a\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0646\u064f\u0634\u064f\u0648\u0632\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0638\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0652\u062c\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0650\u0639\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0636\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u063a\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 (34) "
\r\n“As to those women on whose part you fear disobeying with arrogance, ill-conduct and rebellion, admonish them (first), (then if they persist), forsake them in bed (i.e. turn them your back), and (last) beat them (lightly, as a last solution if you have to, and nothing from the previous two steps has any result); but if they obey you, seek not against them means (of annoyance). Surely, Allah is Ever Most High, Most Great.” (4:34)
\r\nThe Messenger of Allah \ufdfa also said in his farewell pilgrimage:
\r\n"\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0639\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u063a\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627. \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0627"
\r\n‘Treat your wives in the best manner, they are (weak and need careness) like captives in your hands; you have no right to treat them otherwise, unless they are guilty of open indecency, and if they do so, then turn your back at them in bed, and beat them lightly, imperceptibly, but if they obey you, then do not wrong them in any way. Verily, you have rights over your wives and they have their rights over you.’ (At-Tirmidhi & Al-Albani reported it as Hasan)
\r\nSo, as we have seen, Allah, the All-Wise, the All-Knowing concerning the issues of His slaves, decreed the solution to the problem of an immoral wife to be in three stages, in the following way:
\r\nThe first stage: admonition and guidance:
\r\nIt is obligatory upon a man to follow the path of admonition and guidance to solve the problem with his wife if he saw signs of immorality in her behaviour, before he follows the path of turning his back at her in bed. This sequence is obligatory according to most scholars. Thus, the man should try to touch his wife’s heart with nice words by which he will gain and soften her heart, making her feel how important she is in his heart and that he admonishes her just because he wishes the good for her and the whole family.
\r\nNamely, the man should do everything he can, trying to admonish his wife in order to correct her behaviour. And we should take into account that admonition does not come from a cold heart or with a cruel manner, but verily, admonition means kindness in conversation in an effort to touch the heart of the person you admonish, and kindness in behaviour, for example a man giving a present to his wife, so that she accepts his words with a pleased heart and an open mind. It is also obligatory upon the intelligent wives, who are generally moral, to receive admonition from their husband’s words, taking into consideration the future of their home and children. If, though, the woman is immoral and stubborn and neither admonition nor guidance seems to be effective, then the husband can resort to the second measure, as Allah (\ufdfb) ordered us.
\r\nThe second stage: turning the back in bed:
\r\nAs we have already explained, if the admonition has no result and the woman does not accept admonition or guidance, then it is allowed to her husband to turn his back to her in bed, refusing to have sexual intercourse with her for three days maximum, since if he continues for more than three days, he is emotionally abusing, not correcting her. The Prophet \ufdfa said:
\r\n( \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 )
\r\n‘It is not lawful for a Muslim to desert (stop talking to) his brother beyond three nights, the one turning one way and the other turning to the other way when they meet, the better of the two is one who is the first to greet the other.’ (Bukhari)
\r\nThe purpose of turning his back at his wife is for her to feel that her husband is really sad due to her behaviour. This solution also functions as a second chance for the wife so she can think the subject through in all its aspects.
\r\nBut if the wife thought it over and decided to abandon her immoral behaviour and return to good manners, then it is obligatory for the husband to stop turning his back, forgive her and treat her nicely. But if she insists on her obstinacy and arrogance, not caring about guidance, and her husband finds no other solution, then he is allowed to take this final measure.
\r\nThe third stage: the imperceptible beating with a Siwak:
\r\nIf a man tried and strived to correct the immoral behaviour of his wife through admonition, nice words and presents, but none of these had any effect on his wife, and then he tried turning his back in bed, and this again had no effect, then it is allowed for the husband to beat her imperceptibly using the Siwak.
\r\n‘Ataa’ said: ‘I asked Ibn ‘Abas what an imperceptible beating is like. He said: ‘With Siwak and anything similar to it.’ Furthermore, Al-Hasan Al-Basri said: ‘To be imperceptible.’
\r\nBy Allah, what pain can the Siwak cause, dear reader?! And can you call beating one’s wife with As-Siwak domestic violence?! Here is a photo of Siwak (its size is that of a pencil), so as for the meaning of the word beating in Islam to be understood.<\/span><\/span>
\r\n <\/p>\r\n\r\n

If, dear reader, you consider beating one’s wife imperceptibly with the Siwak domestic violence, come see how many Hollywood movies depict quarrels between men, or between a man and a woman, or between an employer and employees, in which quarrels one put his index finger on the chest of the other, threatening him or even beating him on the chest with his finger or with a pencil which he holds in his hand. And in many other cases a man slaps another. Furthermore, in many movies the wife reaches during her conversation with her husband the point of slapping him harshly on the face, or the conversation leads the man to slap his wife on the face and then he leaves the place. And Westerners do not consider any of those incidences domestic violence, they think instead that intense emotions led the man to beat his wife or vice versa. They still think that the husband and wife are civilized people. And here we should take into account that even slapping someone’s face is forbidden in Islam. But they attack Islam and falsely accuse it of encouraging violence. Please note that the stages of admonition, turning a husband’s back at his wife, and finally beating her are not a solution for everyday marital problems, but they apply only to the problem of immoral and arrogant behaviour of the wife.
\r\nFor example, if a man tells his wife to cook rice and fish for him, but she forgets and cooks rice and chicken instead, then may we say that the three stages mentioned above, namely admonition, turning his back and light beating should be applied in this case?!!!
\r\nOf course not! These are small things which should pass peacefully, without even admonition. But if the wife is an immoral, stubborn woman and her husband starts noticing symptoms of immorality, disobedience and arrogance, which are very serious issues, then we are before a woman who needs correction in behaviour and guidance and a solution to this problem has to be found. Imagine, dear reader, this woman insisting on her obstinacy, arrogance and immoral behaviour that, in the end, will surely result in the destruction of her home and lead to divorce, while her husband did everything he could for a long time using the stage of admonition and guidance and that of turning his back, but she responded to none of it. Which is better and lesser harming in this case, divorce or light beating?!!
\r\nIf to beat her is the one-eyed and divorce the blind, then the one-eyed is better than the blind! And verily, leaving a wife in such a behaviour would surely lead to the destruction of the whole family and certainly, as a consequence, to the destruction of the whole society.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Meaning of the Word ‘Beating’ in Islam<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Before organizations defending human rights in the world condemned domestic violence, Islam had preceded them in condemning domestic violence, promising to the one who commits it punishment in the worldly life and in the Hereafter. Furthermore, the prohibition of that crime is not limited in physical violence only, but also involves verbal abuse. The Prophet \ufdfa said:
\r\n"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645"
\r\n‘‘The Muslim is the one from whose tongue and hand the people are safe, and the believer is the one from whom the people's lives and wealth are safe.’’ (An-Nasa’i)
\r\nThe Prophet also \ufdfa said:
\r\n"\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0634 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0626"
\r\n‘The true believer is not a sycophant, nor one who curses others, nor an immoral, nor one who speaks shameful words.’ (Al-Bukhari & Al-Albani reported it as Sahih)
\r\nOne may ask, ‘how can Islam condemn violence when it permits the man, even as the final solution, to beat his wife if he sees that she is immoral?’
\r\nIn order to answer that question we should firstly explain the difference between the meaning of the word ‘beating’ in our everyday life and the meaning of the word ‘beating’ in Islam. For example, today when one hears that a man has beaten his wife, an awful picture of this unjust violent man that beats his wife comes directly to one's mind;• the picture depicts him beating his wife like a tornado with punches and kicks. Except for that picture, there is another one emerging on one's mind related to the poor abused woman, whose body is full of wounds, bruises and multiple fractures. This is the meaning of the word ‘beating’ nowadays, which we acquired through our daily experience and the many examples of barbaric men who beat their wives.
\r\nBut if I told you that ‘I beat the eggs’, or ‘I beat a drum’, would you understand that I beat the eggs with punches and kicks? Or would you understand that I beat a drum with punches and kicks?! As a result, the meaning of the word ‘beating’ changes entirely depending on its linguistic context and according to the purpose of the speaker, his character, his morals. From all this we understand what he means when uttering the word ‘beating’. That’s why the meaning of the word ‘beating’ in Islam is entirely different from the meaning of the word as we perceive it today, since beating in the meaning as it is used today is strictly prohibited in Islam.
\r\nThus, there is absolutely no chance that these two meanings could overlap, since each one of them contradicts the other. If we want to be unbiased we should say that there is no beating of women in Islam and Islam has not allowed anything like that. On the contrary, Islam has forbidden it, as it has forbidden a man to dishonour or offend his wife, or even to speak to her with shameful words. Verily, the meaning of the word ‘beating’ in Islam means nudges, whose aim is to turn a woman’s attention towards her husband and make her understand that she is erring towards the right of her husband and that her husband has the right to correct her behaviour. Islam has also set certain stages which precede the final stage of beating for the husband to solve the problem of his wife if he sees immoral conduct from her. It has made the stage of beating the last resort when the previous stages had no effect on her. Islam has imposed many limitations on the man and if he violates them he becomes a sinner who has transgressed the limits set by Allah, deserving punishment in the worldly life and the Hereafter. These limitations are the following:
\r\n1. To try to solve the problem gradually:
\r\nThe man should strive to solve the problem at the stage of admonition, and if that was fruitless, then he should resort to the second stage of turning his back, and if that was fruitless too, then he can resort to the last stage of the imperceptible beating.
\r\n2. The beating should be with a Siwak and be imperceptible:
\r\nThe Siwak is in the size of a pencil, as you can see in the picture above.
\r\n3. He should never touch the face and the sensitive parts of her body:
\r\nIf the husband does not find any other solution, except for resorting to beating his wife, then he should be careful not to transgress Allah’s limits. Allah has prohibited beating someone’s face in all cases. Furthermore, it is prohibited to beat the sensitive parts of the body, and whoever does it is a sinner. A man being permitted to beat his wife with As-Siwak means that the beating does not take place with the aim of causing pain or harm, so even with the Siwak it is prohibited to beat the face and other sensitive parts.
\r\n4. He should neither offend, nor dishonour his wife:
\r\nThe Prophet \ufdfa said:
\r\n"\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0634 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0626"
\r\n‘The true believer is not a sycophant, nor one who curses others, nor an immoral, nor one who speaks shameful words.’ (Al-Haithami)
\r\nAnd as we have said many times, the aim of the three stages that we have mentioned before is to correct the behavior of the wife and not to offend her. Offending never had a correcting function; on the contrary, it may escalate the problem instead of solving it.
\r\n5. It should not be performed in any case before the children or other people:
\r\nIt is not allowed for the man to beat his wife or correct her before anyone else, especially before the children, as this concerns only the two spouses and no one else. If this took place before the children, it would firstly offend the wife and secondly harm the children’s upbringing. What kind of example would a man give to his children if he beat their mother before them?
\r\n6. Not leaving marks on her body:
\r\nThe husband is considered to have sinned if he violates Allah’s limits and beats his wife leaving marks on her body, or making her bleed, or causing her a fracture. Whoever does that is a barbaric, violent man, who does not want to correct his wife’s problem but only wants to take revenge by leaving marks on her body. Such a man should be convicted and legally punished for his crime.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Issue of Beating Women in Other Religions<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The issue of beating women is not restricted to a specific time or place. That is why it is not connected with a specific era or a specific society, but it exists in all societies and eras without any exception. And whoever wants to study the place of women in ancient societies, there are many books that treat this subject and the place of women in ancient Roman, Greek, Chinese, Indian and other societies.
\r\nHow did Judaism and Christianity deal with the phenomenon of beating women, which was widespread in ancient societies, even in the society of Jesus Christ \ufdfa? Did Jesus Christ \ufdfa ever speak about the prohibition of beating women? Are there texts in the Bible, either Old or New Testament, that prohibit the beating of women or even refer to it as a repugnant act? From specialized studies it seems that there is no reference to this subject.
\r\nAs a result, does a Jew or a Christian man sin if he beats his wife, according to his religion? And what is his punishment according to the verses of the Bible? Obviously he does not sin as there is no verse in the Bible, neither in the New nor in the Old Testament, stating something like that.
\r\nFurthermore, the husband is not even condemned according to the state law, nor is he punished, except if there are marks of violence in his wife’s body, such as fractures, bruises or wounds. But without manifest marks in her body, how can she prove that she was a victim of violence? In other words, an imperceptible beating is not condemned neither religiously nor legally by the Jews or Christians.
\r\nLet us also look into Buddhism and other religions of the Far East. Is there any reference in their holy texts that condemns the beating of women?
\r\nOf course there is no religious text in any religion that prohibits the beating of women, except in Islam! Even after moving the judgment of beating women from the category of the prohibited to the category of the repugnant, Islam still remains the only religion that clearly states that the beating of women is a repugnant act! But all the other religions do not refer to this subject, neither as something prohibited, nor repugnant.
\r\nFurthermore, there is no religion that sets limits for the man as to whether he can beat his wife, except Islam. In other words, if a Jew or a Christian or a Buddhist loses his temper and self-control in the heat of the moment and beats his wife, what are the limits that he must not transgress? Has Judaism, Christianity or Buddhism set limits for the man who lost his self-control and beat his wife, such as not to leave marks on her body, hit her face etc.? Of course not.
\r\nSomeone who observes the reality of our everyday life will find a huge percentage of Jew, Christian or Buddhist men who beat their wives. Take a look, dear reader, at the lawsuits that are lodged at the police stations and courts in Europe and America, and you shall see an enormous number of men who have committed domestic violence against their wives and children.
\r\nEven in the Arab society before Islam, men used to beat their wives with lashes as though they were slaves, and this was something common; neither prohibited, nor illegal. But when the Prophet Muhammad \ufdfa came, he condemned that practice with austerity. Prophet Muhammad \ufdfa said:
\r\n"\u064a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0647"
\r\n‘Some of you lash their wives as a slave, and may wish to have sexual intercourse with them at the end of the day.’ [Bukhari]
\r\nIn this hadith the Prophet \ufdfa condemns and reprimands the man who beats his wife in the morning and wishes to have sexual intercourse with her in the night!! In other words, how can you be rude and harsh with her in the morning and then expect and wish her tenderness and company at night?!!!<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Quotes from the Bible on the Status of Women<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Some Christians constantly claim that Jesus Christ \ufdfa was the first defender of the rights of women, that he gave them rights unlike any other religion and that the Bible treats women impartially and raises their status! But do those words correspond to the reality?
\r\nWe all know that the Bible forbids women to enter the Holy Sanctuary of the Church, which contains the Holy Altar, whether the woman is a child, a teenager, or an elderly. This is not related to age, but it is related to gender. And the Bible, either Old or New Testament, does not include any mention that a woman is allowed to enter the Holy Sanctuary. Ordination is also forbidden for women. A woman is also not allowed to speak inside the church or teach anyone inside the church. She is not allowed to receive ecclesiastical office, she can only receive the office of the deacon, which is actually a servant, not a priest! The Bible presents all kinds of ecclesiastical offices which are all restricted to men only, like the Priesthood of the first Patriarchs, such as Noah, Job, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, or the Aaronic Priesthood, the Priesthood of Melchizedek, the Priesthood of the Apostles and their bishop successors. All these are reserved for men and if a woman were to receive an ecclesiastical office, that would have been the Virgin Mary. But according to the teachings of Christianity a woman is deprived of all these.
\r\nLet us look at some quotes from the Bible in order to see the status of a woman:
\r\n1. A woman is punished for her husband’s sin:
\r\n{And as for the prophet, and the priest, and the people, that shall say: The burden of the LORD, I will even punish that man and his house (i.e. his wife and children).} (Jeremiah 23:34)
\r\n2. The burning of the adulteress:
\r\n{And the daughter of any priest, if she profane herself by playing the whore, she profaneth her father: she shall be burnt with fire.} (Leviticus 21:9)
\r\n3. Cutting the hand of a woman for irrational reasons:
\r\n{11When men strive together one with another, and the wife of the one draweth near for to deliver her husband out of the hand of him that smiteth him, and putteth forth her hand, and taketh him by the secrets: 12 Then thou shalt cut off her hand, thine eye shall not pity her. } (Deuteronomy 25:11-12}
\r\n4. The divorced, the widow and the adulteress are equal:
\r\n{10And he that is the high priest…13shall take a wife in her virginity.
\r\n14A widow, or a divorced woman, or profane, or a harlot, these shall he not take: but he shall take a virgin of his own people to wife. 15 Neither shall he profane his seed among his people: for I the Lord do sanctify him.} (Leviticus 21:10-13-14-15)
\r\n5. Total submission of a woman to her husband:
\r\n{22Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord. 23For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church: and he is the saviour of the body. 24Therefore as the church is subject unto Christ, so let the wives be to their own husbands in everything.} (Ephesians 5:22-24)
\r\n6. Silence of women in the church:
\r\n{Let your women keep silence in the churches: for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but they are commanded to be under obedience, as also saith the law.
\r\nAnd if they will learn anything, let them ask their husbands at home: for it is a shame for women to speak in the church.} (1 Corinthians 14:34-35)
\r\n7. The woman is the cause of temptation:
\r\n{Let the woman learn in silence with all subjection. But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man, but to be in silence. For Adam was first formed, then Eve. And Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived was in the transgression. Notwithstanding she shall be saved in childbearing, if they continue in faith and charity and holiness with sobriety.} (1 Timothy 2:11-15)
\r\n8. Men rule over women:
\r\n{Likewise, ye wives, be in subjection to your own husbands…
\r\nWhose (women) adorning let it not be that outward adorning of plaiting the hair, and of wearing of gold, or of putting on of apparel; But let it be the hidden man of the heart, in that which is not corruptible, even the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God of great price. For after this manner in the old time the holy women also, who trusted in God, adorned themselves, being in subjection unto their own husbands: Even as Sara obeyed Abraham, calling him lord.} (1 Peter 3:1-6)
\r\n{Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.} (Genesis 3:16)
\r\n9. Death of adulteresses by stoning:
\r\n{13 If any man take a wife, and go in unto her, and hate her, 14 And give occasions of speech against her, and bring up an evil name upon her, and say, I took this woman, and when I came to her, I found her not a maid: 15 Then shall the father of the damsel, and her mother, take and bring forth the tokens of the damsel's virginity unto the elders of the city in the gate: 16 And the damsel's father shall say unto the elders, I gave my daughter unto this man to wife, and he hateth her; 17 And, lo, he hath given occasions of speech against her, saying, I found not thy daughter a maid; and yet these are the tokens of my daughter's virginity. And they shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city. 18 And the elders of that city shall take that man and chastise him; 19 And they shall amerce him in an hundred shekels of silver, and give them unto the father of the damsel, because he hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel: and she shall be his wife; he may not put her away all his days. 20 But if this thing be true, and the tokens of virginity be not found for the damsel: 21 Then they shall bring out the damsel to the door of her father's house, and the men of her city shall stone her with stones that she die.} (Deuteronomy 22:13-21)
\r\n{If a man be found lying with a woman married to an husband, then they shall both of them die, both the man that lay with the woman, and the woman: so shalt thou put away evil from Israel.} (Deuteronomy 22:22)
\r\n{If a damsel that is a virgin be betrothed unto an husband, and a man find her in the city, and lie with her; Then ye shall bring them both out unto the gate of that city, and ye shall stone them with stones that they die} (Deuteronomy 22:23-24)
\r\n10. Women are inferior to men:
\r\n{ 3 But I would have you know, that the head of every man is Christ; and the head of the woman is the man; and the head of Christ is God. 4 Every man praying or prophesying, having his head covered, dishonoureth his head. 5 But every woman that prayeth or prophesieth with her head uncovered dishonoureth her head: for that is even all one as if she were shaven. 6 For if the woman be not covered, let her also be shorn: but if it be a shame for a woman to be shorn or shaven, let her be covered. 7 For a man indeed ought not to cover his head, forasmuch as he is the image and glory of God: but the woman is the glory of the man. 8 For the man is not of the woman: but the woman of the man. 9 Neither was the man created for the woman; but the woman for the man. 10 For this cause ought the woman to have power on her head because of the angels.} (1 Corinthians 11:3-10)
\r\n11. Didascalia Apostolorum about women:
\r\nDidascalia Apostolorum, chapter 3 with the title ‘Women should be subjected to their husbands.’
\r\n{And a woman should be subjected to her husband, because the head of the woman is her husband…Fear, o woman, your husband. And be shy before him. And thank only him after God. And as we have said, offer him comforts with your service, so as for your husband to encompass you…If you want to be a believer and God to be pleased with you, do not put on ornaments so as to please strangers and do not wish to wear light clothes which only fit to the adulteresses, so that you are not followed by those who chase such women. If you don’t wear them in order to commit adultery, you will again be condemned for your ornaments alone, because in this way you force whomever sees you to follow you and lust you. Why you are not conservative, so as not to fall in sin and not to leave one fall in doubt (or jealousy) for your sake?! And if you sin just for that, you will fall too, as you will have become the reason of destroying the soul of that man. If you lead one to sin, he will be the cause for you to sin in many, as it is written in the Holy Bible: {When the wicked cometh, then cometh also contempt, and with ignominy reproach.} (Proverbs 18:3). Anyone who does that will be destroyed through sin and will go after the souls of the ignorant with impiety. Let her know what the Holy Bible says about whomever attributes lies to such (men). {The evil woman is more hateful than death, which is a trap for the ignorant.} {As the worm eats the wood, so a wicked woman destroys her husband} {It is better to live in a roof, than in a house with a contentious woman.} Do not be, o Christian women, like those women, if you wish to be believers. Take care of your husband in order to please him alone. And when you walk on the street, cover your head with your garment, because if you are covered with respect you will be safe from the eyes of the malignant. Do not decorate your face, which God created, because it lacks no ornament. Since whatever God created is very beautiful and needs no ornaments. And what is more from beauty changes the grace of the Creator. Walk with your face looking to the ground and be entirely covered. Stay away from any bath with men, as the traps of the malignant are many. A believing woman does not have bath with men. And when she covers her face, let her cover it with the fear of the eyes of strangers…And if you are a believer run away from any form of curiosity and from the many glances…{To live on the desert is better than living with a woman with a long tongue.}}.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Beating of Women in Western Christian Societies<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Many fanatics tried to raise some misconceptions about Islam, one of which is the beating of one’s wife, using their usual magic scissors, with which they ‘cut’ from the Verses of the Holy Qur’an and the Prophet’s sayings all the words that are before the word ‘beat’ and all the words that are after it, leaving just the word ‘beat’. Namely, they cut the words that contradict their misconceptions and leave only those that seem to support them, thus trying with their dirty tricks to raise false misconceptions about Islam, entirely departing from the real truth and objectivity. In this way they do not present the subject in its complete form, but chopped, in order to raise misunderstanding and confuse other people. They also claim that they are the civilized ones who treat their wives in the best manner, but in fact they turn a blind eye to and ignore the following:
\r\n1. Most of those who loudly claim that they treat their wives in the best manner are in fact demonstrably lying and pretending.
\r\n2. Islam is the only religion that has mentioned the affectionate and merciful relationship between the spouses, and also prevents one from hurting his wife, either verbally or physically. Allah, the Exalted, says:
\r\n" \u0648\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0622\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0633\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0648\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0622\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0644\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064d \u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e (21) "
\r\n“And among His Signs is that He created for you wives from among yourselves, that you may find repose in them, and He has put between you affection and mercy. Verily, in that are indeed signs for a people who reflect.” (30:21)
\r\n3. Islam is the only religion that condemned whoever insults and beats his wife, or looks at her down arrogantly as though her position were degraded in relation to his, 1400 years ago. This is considered a defect in the man who does it.
\r\n4. Islam encourages the best behavior towards one’s wife, since all the Verses of the Qur’an and all the sayings of the Prophet \ufdfa regarding the relation of the two spouses encourage the best behavior between them. Allah, the Exalted, says:
\r\n" \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0650 "
\r\n“And they (women) have rights (over their husbands), similar (to those of their husbands) over them, to what is reasonable.” (2:228)
\r\n5. Islam has set rewards for the good behaviour amongst people and especially between the spouses. The Prophet \ufdfa said:
\r\n" \u0648\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0622\u062c\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u062a\u0643"
\r\n“Allah will reward you for whatever you spend with the intention of gaining Allah's Pleasure even if it were a mouthful of food you put into your wife’s mouth.” (Al-Bukhari)
\r\n6. Islam has made the beating of women an exception, not a rule, only under certain circumstances that prevent the husband from resorting to beating her as a solution, except for very special cases, and only as a final solution, so as to prevent more serious calamities. That is because women are not the same in all eras, societies and families. What may work in one society may not work in another. On the contrary, it may escalate the situation instead of correcting it. And a behavior that may fit a woman may not fit another from a different society or era, no matter how hard one tries to make it fit.
\r\n7. The phenomenon of domestic violence is rampant in the most civilized countries of our century. How many Westerners attack their wives in front of other people, at airports, restaurants, in bars or even in the streets before the passersby? This is no secret, you may see it in the mass media. Additionally, how many Western women in America, Canada, Europe or Australia go to the police in order to sue their husbands because they were subjected to violence? These lawsuits are taken into no consideration if there are no manifest proofs, as we have mentioned before, such as fractures, bruises, bleeding etc. And whoever takes a look at the official statistics of police stations in America, Europe or Australia, will be convinced about that.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The spreading of beating women in Westerns societies<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

We will submit the following comments to clarify the spreading of the phenomenon of domestic violence in the West:
\r\n1. The existence of numerous governmental and non-governmental organizations fighting the phenomenon of domestic violence against women and children, which have so far failed to curb it.
\r\n2. The existence of recurrent and ongoing media campaigns which encourage the direct call to the relevant authorities in case of observing the phenomenon of domestic violence from a neighbor.
\r\n3. We address the following questions to Western citizens:
\r\nHas it never happened to you to beat your wife, not even once?
\r\n    Have you ever seen or heard your father beat your mother?
\r\nHave you heard that anyone of your relatives has ever beaten his wife?
\r\nHave you heard that anyone of your neighbours has ever beaten his wife?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The aim of these questions is only to prove the existence of the phenomenon of domestic violence from husbands towards their wives in Europe, America, Canada, Australia etc.
\r\nFinally, it can be clear to any unbiased person that Islam honours the woman, exalts her place from anything that can harm her dignity and has strictly warned against her being wronged. The Prophet \ufdfa said:
\r\n" \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629‏ "
\r\n“O Allah, bear witness that I declare inviolable the rights of two weak ones: the orphans and the women.” (An-Nasa’i & Ahmed & Ibn Maja & in As-Silsilah As-Sahiha No. 1015)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n


\r\n 
\r\nConclusion<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Islam is the eternal divine message of Allah, the Almighty and Exalted, to all mankind, delivered by the Prophet and Messenger of Allah (\ufdfa). Some have believed in the Message of Islam and followed it, while others disbelieved in it or refuse to follow. Allah (\ufdfb) declared that all human beings are dignified and honored more than other creatures of Allah, as He stated in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0622\u062f\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0648\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0643\u064e\u062b\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0636\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 (70)
\r\n“And indeed We have honored the children of Adam, and We have carried them on land and sea, and have provided them with lawful good things, and have preferred them above many of those whom We have created with a marked preference.” [17:70]
\r\nAllah (\ufdfb) also declared another major principle: that all men are created equal in terms of original creation. He stated in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n" \u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0627\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0646\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0633\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0648\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0632\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0628\u064e\u062b\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u062b\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0646\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a \u062a\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0631\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 (1) "
\r\n“O mankind! Be dutiful to Your Lord, Who created you from a single person (Adam), and from him (Adam) He created many men and women; and fear Allah through Whom you demand your mutual (rights), and (do not cut the relations of) the wombs (i.e. kinship). Surely, Allah is Ever an All-Watcher over you.” [4:1]
\r\nBased on the previous principles, all men and women are equal in terms of humanity and basic values, obligations and responsibilities. All men and women are created equal in the sight of Allah. Their differences in race, language, livelihood and geography etc have no relationship to increase or decrease this honor. True distinction among them is based on their God-consciousness, commitment to Islam, the revealed religion of Allah, and their level of practice and application of its principles in their own daily lives. Allah (\ufdfb) stated this in the Glorious Qur'an when He said:
\r\n"\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0623\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062b\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0634\u064f\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 "
\r\n“O Mankind! We have created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know one another. Verily, the most honorable of you in the Sight of Allah is the one who is most pious and righteous. Verily, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.” [49:13]
\r\nTherefore true honor of any person in the Sight of Allah is not on the basis of color, social status, sex, race, strength, health, dignity or wealth. The only measure of distinction in the Sight of Allah is strictly on the basis of piety, faith and the performance of good deeds.
\r\nSimilarly, Allah's Prophet (\ufdfa) was also reported as saying:
\r\n« \u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u062f\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u062f\u064c \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u0644\u0627\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0644\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0649\u064d\u0651 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0649\u064d\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u0644\u0650\u0639\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0649\u064d\u0651 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0649\u064d\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u0644\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0648\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0648\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0651 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0642\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0649 ».
\r\n“O people, your Lord is one and your father is one. There is no superiority of an Arab over a non-Arab, or non-Arab over an Arab, nor of a red person over a black, or a black person over a red, except by piety.” [Ahmad #23536 and verified]
\r\nThe teachings of Islam remove all artificial differences between men, and place them all on equal footing. One of the essential teachings of Islam, often misconstrued, abused or poorly explained, is that “a female is equal to a male in everything except where there is a distinct reality and exception.” The equalities and exceptions were the subject of this book attempted to clarify some of these misconceptions about the reality of women in Islam.
\r\nAllah (\ufdfb) stated in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0636\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0636\u064d \u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u0651\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0633\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0632\u0650\u064a\u0632\u064c \u062d\u064e\u0643\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064c (71)
\r\n“The believers, men and women, are helpers, supporters, friends and protectors of one another; they enjoin (on the people) Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam orders one to do; and they forbid (people) from all forms of evil (i.e. polytheism and disbelief of all kinds, and all that Islam has forbidden); they offer their prayers perfectly, and give their charity and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah will shower His Mercy upon them. Surely Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.” [9:71]
\r\nAllah (\ufdfb) stated in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0631\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0650\u0651\u064a \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0636\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u064d \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062b\u064e\u0649 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0636\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0636\u064d \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0647\u064e\u0627\u062c\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064f\u062e\u0652\u0631\u0650\u062c\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062f\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0630\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0644\u0650\u064a \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0643\u064e\u0641\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0626\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0623\u064f\u062f\u0652\u062e\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062c\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062a\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631\u0650\u064a \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f \u062b\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0647\u064f \u062d\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650 (195)
\r\n“So their Lord accepted (their supplications and answered them), Never will I allow to be lost the work of any one of you, be he male or female. You are (members) one of another...” [3:195]
\r\nAllah (\ufdfb) stated in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n\u0644\u0650\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0646\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0644\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0646\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u062b\u064f\u0631\u064e \u0646\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0636\u064b\u0627 (7)
\r\n“There is a share for men and a share for women from what is left by parents and those closely related, whether the property be small or large, a legal share.” [4:7]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Based upon what has been said and elaborated upon throughout this book, one can comfortably and confidently say that a woman will never enjoy her natural honor and full rights and freedoms except under the protection of the divine and just laws of Islam. Islam designates certain duties and obligations that necessarily go hand in hand with the rights. Islam is a divine religion revealed by the Beneficent and Omniscient, as opposed to man-made laws that dictate artificial boundaries, privileges, and monopolies. Islam is everlasting and universal, for the whole of mankind, male and female, rich and poor, the ruler and ruled, and strong and weak, whether white, black, red or yellow. They are all equal in the Sight of their Creator, Allah (\ufdfb), who knows best what is of benefit in both this world and the hereafter.
\r\nI beseech the reader not to pass hasty judgment on Islam on the basis of what is observed in the behavior and attitude of some groups of Muslims who, unfortunately, use Islam to cover up their personal or party crimes. There are many individuals who are Muslims since they declare by their lips that “There is no god worthy of worship except Allah Alone, and Muhammad is the slave and Messenger of Allah” but, regretfully, do not perform their Islamic duties or demonstrate sincere commitment to Islam by good moral conduct. Islam is a complete, pure religion, simple to apply in all the various circumstances. Many Muslims strive throughout their lifetime to be good and upright, seeking the pleasure of Allah in all that they do or refrain from doing. On the other hand, there are individuals who deserve to be punished in this world and in the hereafter, for their crimes. These crimes may be so heinous that they are of the level of disbelief and apostasy from Islam, or they may be of a lesser level of disobedience and neglectfulness of the wise commands and beneficial teachings of Allah (\ufdfb), and His Prophet (\ufdfa). It is understood that if someone lacks something himself, whether it is wealth or morals, he will not enable someone else to have it. This principle applies to Islam as well. For those who are keen to learn more about Islam, our advice is that they seek knowledge from those who are well known for their knowledge, understanding and practice of Islam in their own lives, whereas “non-practicing” Muslims will definitely mislead them.
\r\nSuperficial knowledge of Islam is dangerous, harmful and detrimental since merely reading a few books about Islam, very possibly with unreliable sources, will not qualify a person to pass verdicts and disseminate sound knowledge about Islam. Following opinions blindly is also very dangerous and harmful. It is compulsory to seek sound knowledge about Islam, and not be tricked by those who spread false worship and practice. Allah stated in the Glorious Qur'an:
\r\n\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0634\u0652\u062f\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0631\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0627\u063a\u064f\u0648\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064f\u062b\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0649 \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064c \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064c (256)
\r\n“There is no compulsion in religion. Verily, the Right Path has become distinct from the wrong path. Whoever disbelieves in the 'Taghoot' (what is worshipped other than Allah and pleased with the false worship) and believes in Allah, has grasped the trustworthy handhold that will never break; Allah is the All-Hearer, All-Knower.” [2:256]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n


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\r\nAll Praise is due to Allah alone, the Lord of the Worlds
\r\nAnd may Allah exalt the mention of His Prophet and his household and render him safe from every derogatory thing<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n


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\r\nWWW.ISLAMLAND.COM<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/div>","word":"\/uploads\/books\/Women_in_Islam-eng.doc","pdf":"\/uploads\/books\/Women_in_Islam-eng.pdf","keywords":"Women in Islam","read_counter":91699,"status":1,"is_volume":0,"created_at":"2013-12-04T08:28:44.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-03-09T06:19:14.000000Z","language_id":1,"publisher_id":8,"category_id":3,"volume_id":null,"parent_id":null,"promote":1,"volume_count":null,"volume_title":null,"order":1,"category":{"id":3,"title":"Women in Islam","created_at":"2017-08-17T19:18:15.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-02-12T22:28:18.000000Z","slug":"Women-in-Islam","i18ns":[],"get_title":"Women in Islam"},"authors":[{"id":2,"name":"Dr. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Abd Al-Karim Ash-Sheha","slug":"ash_sheha","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":null,"promote":1,"status":1,"created_at":"2013-12-02T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-11-10T08:42:34.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"pivot":{"book_id":19,"author_id":2},"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"Dr. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Abd Al-Karim Ash-Sheha"}],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/books\/images\/2025\/1\/black-and-silver-minimalist-fantasy-romance-book-cover.png","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/books\/Women_in_Islam-eng.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/books\/Women_in_Islam-eng.doc","author_id":"","author_name":"Dr. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Abd Al-Karim Ash-Sheha","book_title":"Women in Islam and Refutation of some Common Misconceptions","category_slug":"Women-in-Islam","category_name":"Women in Islam"},{"id":21,"title":"Muhammad (pbuh) the Messenger of Allah","slug":"muhammad-pbuh-the-messenger-of-allah-1432798897","image":"\/uploads\/books\/images\/2025\/1\/yellow-gold-simple-and-vintage-book-cover-document-wattpad-book-cover-1.png","hint":"

This book talks about the life story of Muhammad, may Allah exalt his mention, and his beautiful manners. It also brings to light statements for contemporary figures in Western society, who spoke favorably of Prophet Muhammad, may Allah exalt his mention.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/div>","arabic_notes":"

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 <\/div>","book_text":"

 <\/strong><\/span>Muhammad<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Messenger of God<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Written by:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Dr. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Abd Al-Karim Ash-Sheha<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Translated by:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abd Ar-Rahman Murad<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Edited by: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

M. M. Abdus-Salaam<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abu Ayoub Jerome Boulter<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Second Edition<\/strong>
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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u0645. \u0645. \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/strong>Table of Contents<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

1. Terminology used in this book                                         <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2. Introduction                                                                      <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3. Who is the Messenger?                                                     <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

4. His lineage                                                                         <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

5. Place of birth and childhood                                            <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

6. The description of the Prophet (e)                                              <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

7. Prophet’s manners & Characteristics                              <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

8. Some of the Prophet’s ethical manners                           <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

9. Statements of justice and equity                                      <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

10. The wives of the Prophet (e)                                         <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

11. Textual proofs                                                                 <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

12. Proofs from the Qur’an                                                  <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

13. Proofs from the Sunnah                                                 <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

14. Previous Scriptures                                                         <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

15. From the Gospel                                                              <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

16. Intellectual proofs                                                                       <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

17. What the Testimony of Faith entails                              <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

18. Conclusion                                                                      <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

19. Glossary                                                                           <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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All praise is due to God, the Lord[1]<\/a> of the worlds, and may God praise Prophet Muhammad, and render him and his household safe and secure from all evil.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

When talking about Prophet Muhammad (e)[2]<\/a>, one should keep in mind that he is talking about the greatest individual in history. This is not a baseless claim; for the one who reads his biography and learns of his mannerisms and ethics, while keeping aside all preconceived notions, would certainly reach this conclusion. Some fair and just non-Muslims have reached this conclusion as well.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The late Professor Hasan Ali, may God have mercy on him, said in his magazine ‘Noor al-Islam’<\/em> that a Brahmin[3]<\/a> colleague of his once told him: “I recognize and believe that the Messenger of Islam is the greatest and most mature man in history.” Professor Hasan Ali, may God have mercy on him, asked him: “Why do you consider him as the greatest and most mature man?” He replied:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

No man possessed the characteristics, mannerisms and ethics that he possessed at one time. He was a king under whom the entire peninsula was unified; yet he was humble. He believed that the dominion belonged to his God alone.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Great riches would come to him, and yet he lived in a state of poverty; fire would not be lit in his house for many days, and he would stay hungry. He was a great leader; he led small numbers into battle against thousands, and yet he would decisively defeat them. He loved peace agreements and would agree to them with a firm heart, even though he had thousands of his brave and courageous Companions by his side. Each Companion was very brave and could confront a thousand enemies alone, while not feeling the least bit intimidated. Yet, the Prophet was kind-hearted, merciful, and did not want to shed a drop of blood. He was deeply concerned about the affairs of the Arabian Peninsula, yet he did not neglect the affairs of his family, household, or the poor and needy. He was keen to disseminate Islam amongst those who had gone astray. In general, he was a man concerned with the betterment and wellbeing of mankind, yet he did not indulge in amassing worldly fortune. He busied himself with the worship of God and loved doings deeds which pleased Him. He never avenged himself on account of personal reasons. He even prayed for his enemies’ wellbeing, and would warn them of the punishment of God.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

He was an ascetic regarding worldly affairs and would worship God throughout the night. He was the brave and courageous soldier who fought with the sword - and the infallible Prophet - the conqueror who conquered nations and countries. He slept on a mat of hay and a pillow filled with coarse fibers. People crowned him as the Sultan of the Arabs, or King of the Arabian Peninsula, yet his family lived a simple life, even after they received great fortunes; the riches were piled in the Mosque. Fatima[4]<\/a> complained to him about the strenuous work she did, the grinding stone and water jug which she used to carry - how they had left marks on her body… He did not give her a portion of that wealth; instead, the Prophet (e) taught her a few words and supplications. His Companion Umar[5]<\/a> came to his house and looked in his room, and saw nothing but a hay mat which the Prophet was sitting on, which had left marks on his body. The only provisions in the house were half a Saa’[6]<\/strong><\/a><\/em> of barley in a container, and a water skin that hung on the wall - this is all the Messenger of God owned at a time when half the Arabs were under his control. When Umar saw this, he could not control himself and wept. The Messenger of God (e) said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“Why are you weeping O Umar?” He replied: “Why shouldn’t I weep - Khosrau and Caesar enjoy themselves in this world and the Messenger of God (<\/strong>e) only owns what I see!” He responded: “O Umar, wouldn’t it please you that this is the share of Khosrau and Caesar in this life, and in the Hereafter this pleasure would be for us alone?” <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

When the Prophet examined his troops prior to the occupation of Makkah, Abu Sufyan stood beside al-Abbas, the uncle of the Prophet (e) and they looked at the banners of the Muslim army. Abu Sufyan at that time was not a Muslim. He was amazed by the vast number of Muslims; they advanced towards Makkah like a torrent of water. No one could stop them and nothing stood in their way. Abu Sufyan then said to al-Abbas: ‘O Abbas, your nephew has become a grand King!’ al-Abbas responded saying: ‘This is not kingship, rather prophethood, and the Message of Islam.’<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

A’dee at-Ta’ee, the son of Ha’tim at-Ta’ee who is the paradigm of generosity, attended the assembly of the Prophet (e) while he was still a Christian. When he saw how the Companions aggrandized and respected the Prophet (e), he was confused - was he a Prophet or a king? He asked himself, “Is he a king or a Messenger of the Messengers of God?” While he was pondering over this, a destitute woman came to the Prophet (e) and said: "I wish to tell you a secret.” He said to her: “In which road in Madeenah do you want me to meet you?’ The Prophet (e) left with the destitute maid and took care of her needs. When Ad’ee saw the humbleness of the Prophet (e), he realized the truth and discarded the crosses that he was wearing and became a Muslim.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

We will mention some statements of the Orientalists concerning Muhammad (e). We as Muslims firmly believe in the Prophet (e) and his Message, and as such, do not need the statements of non-Muslims to establish this fact. We are mentioning these statements for the following two reasons:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

a. To serve as a reminder and admonition for name-sake Muslims who have abandoned their Prophet and his teachings, so that they would heed and return to their religion.[7]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

b. So that non-Muslims would know who the Prophet is from the statements of their own people, so that they would be guided to Islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

I ask all readers to not hold any preconceived notions when searching for the truth, whether it be this or any other Islamic material. I ask God to open their hearts and chests to accept the truth, and to show them the right path and inspire them to follow it.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Dr.Abdurrahmaan b. Abdul-Kareem al-Sheha<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Riyadh, 11535<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

P.O. Box 59565<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Email: alsheha2@gmail.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

http:\/\/www.islamland.org<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Who is the Messenger, Muhammad (<\/strong>e)?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

His Lineage<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

He is Abul-Qasim (father of Al-Qasim) Muhammad, the son of Abdullah, the son of Abdul-Mutalib. His lineage traces back to the tribe of Adnan, the son of Ishmael [the Prophet of God, the son of Ibraheem (Abraham)] may God praise them all. His mother is Aminah, the daughter of Wahb.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet (e) said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘Indeed God chose the tribe of Kinanah over other tribes from the children of Ishmael; He chose Quraish over other tribes of Kinanah; He chose Banu Hashim over the other families of the Quraish; and He chose me from Banu Hashim.<\/strong>’   (Muslim #2276)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Thus, the Prophet (e) has the noblest lineage on earth. Even his enemies attested to this fact, as did Abu Sufyan, the arch enemy of Islam before he became Muslim, in front of Heraclius[8]<\/a>, the Emperor of Rome.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abdullah b. Abbas, the nephew of the Prophet, reported that the Messenger of God (e) wrote to Heraclius and invited him to Islam though a letter he sent with a companion of his named Dihya al-Kalbi. Dihya handed this letter to the Governor of Busra who then forwarded it to Heraclius.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Heraclius, as a sign of gratitude to God, had walked from Hims<\/em> to Ilya<\/em> (i.e. Jerusalem) when God had granted Him victory over the Persian forces. When the letter of the Messenger of God reached Heraclius, he said after reading it, ”Seek for me anyone of his people, <\/strong>(Arabs of the Quraish tribe) if present here, in order to ask him about the Messenger of God!” <\/strong>At that time Abu Sufyan bin Harb was in Shaam<\/em> (the Greater Syria Area)[9]<\/a> with some men from Quraish who had come as merchants during the truce that had been concluded between the Messenger of God and the pagans of Quraish. Abu Sufyan said, <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"Heraclius’ messenger found us somewhere in the Greater Syria area, so he took me and my companions to Ilya<\/em> and we were admitted into Heraclius’ presence. We found him sitting in his royal court wearing a crown, surrounded by the senior Byzantine dignitaries. He said to his translator. ’Ask them whom amongst them is a close relation to the man who claims to be a prophet.’ ” <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abu Sufyan added, <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“I replied: ’I am the nearest relative to him.’ He asked, ’What degree of relationship do you have with him?’ I replied, ’He is my cousin,’ and there was none from the tribe of Abd Manaf<\/em> in the caravan except myself. Heraclius said, ’Let him come nearer.’ He then ordered that my companions stand behind me near my shoulder and said to his translator, ’Tell his companions that I am going to ask this man about the one who claims to be a prophet. If he tells a lie, they should contradict him immediately.’ ” <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abu Sufyan added, <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“By God! Had it not been for shame that my companions brand me a liar, I would not have spoken the truth about him when he asked me. But I considered it shameful to be called a liar by my companions, so I told the truth.” <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“He then said to his translator, ’Ask him what kind of family he belongs to.’ I replied, ‘He belongs to a noble family amongst us.’ He said, ’Has anybody else amongst you ever claimed the same before him?’ I replied, ‘No.’ He said, ‘Have you ever blamed him for telling lies before he claimed what he claimed?’ I replied, ’No.’ He said, ’Was anybody amongst his ancestors a king?’ I replied, ’No.’ He said, ’Do the noble or the poor follow him?’ I replied, ’It is the poor who follow him.’ He said, ’Are they increasing or decreasing (daily)?’ I replied, ’They are increasing.’ He said, ’Does anybody amongst those who embrace his religion become displeased and then discard his religion?’ I replied, ’No.’ He said, ‘Does he break his promises?’ I replied, ’No, but we are now at truce with him and we are afraid that he may betray us.’ <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abu Sufyan added, <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

”Other than the last sentence, I could not say anything against him.” <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

”Heraclius then asked, ’Have you ever had a war with him?’ I replied, ’Yes.’ He said, ’What was the outcome of your battles with him?’ I replied, ’Sometimes he was victorious and sometimes we.’ He said, ’What does he order you to do?’ I said, ’He tells us to worship God alone, and not to worship others along with Him, and to leave all that our fore-fathers used to worship. He orders us to pray, give in charity, be chaste, keep promises and return what is entrusted to us.’ ” <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

”When I had said that, Heraclius said to his translator, ’Say to him: I asked you about his lineage and your reply was that he belonged to a noble family. In fact, all the Messengers came from the noblest lineage of their nations. Then I questioned you whether anybody else amongst you had claimed such a thing, and your reply was in the negative. If the answer had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man was following a claim that had been said before him. When I asked you whether he was ever blamed for telling lies, your reply was in the negative, so I took it for granted that a person who did not tell a lie to people could never tell a lie about God. Then I asked you whether any of his ancestors was a king. Your reply was in the negative, and if it had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man wanted to take back his ancestral kingdom. When I asked you whether the rich or the poor people followed him, you replied that it was the poor who followed him. In fact, such are the followers of the Messengers. Then I asked you whether his followers were increasing or decreasing. You replied that they were increasing. In fact, this is the result of true faith till it is complete <\/strong>[in all respects]. I asked you whether there was anybody who, after embracing his religion, became displeased and discarded his religion; your reply was in the negative. In fact, this is the sign of true faith, for when its pleasure enters and mixes in the hearts completely; nobody will be displeased with it. I asked you whether he had ever broken his promise. You replied in the negative. And such are the Messengers; they never break their promises. When I asked you whether you fought with him and he fought with you, you replied that he did and that sometimes he was victorious and sometimes you. Indeed, such are the Messengers; they are put to trials and the final victory is always theirs. Then I asked you what he ordered you. You replied that he ordered you to worship God alone and not to worship others along with Him, to leave all that your fore-fathers used to worship, to offer prayers, to speak the truth, to be chaste, to keep promises, and to return what is entrusted to you. These are really the qualities of a prophet who, I knew <\/strong>[from the previous Scriptures] would appear, but I did not know that he would be from amongst you. If what you say is true, he will very soon occupy the earth under my feet, and if I knew that I would reach him definitely, I would go immediately to meet him; and were I with him, then I would certainly wash his feet.’ ” <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abu Sufyan added, <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“Heraclius then asked for the letter of the Messenger of God and it was read. Its contents were the following: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

I begin with the name of God, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful [This letter is] from Muhammad, the slave of God, and His Messenger, to Heraclius, the Ruler of the Byzantine. Peace be upon the followers of guidance. I invite you to Islam [i.e. surrender to God]). Accept Islam and you will be safe; accept Islam and God will bestow on you a double reward. But if you reject this invitation of Islam, you shall be responsible for misguiding the peasants [i.e. your nation]. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(O people of the Scriptures! Come to a word common between you and us, that we worship God, and that we associate nothing in worship with Him; and that none of us shall take others as Gods besides God. Then if they turn away, say: Bear witness that we are they who have surrendered <\/strong>[unto Him].)   (3:64)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abu Sufyan added, <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“When Heraclius had finished his speech, there was a great hue and cry caused by the Byzantine dignitaries surrounding him, and there was so much noise that I did not understand what they said. So, we were ordered out of the court.” <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“When I went out with my companions and we were alone, I said to them, ‘Verily, Ibn Abi Kabsha’s<\/em> (i.e. the Prophet’s) affair has gained power. This is the King of the Romans fearing him.’ ” <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abu Sufyan added: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“By God, I became surer and surer that his religion would be victorious till I ended up accepting Islam.” <\/strong>(Bukhari #2782)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Place of Birth and Childhood<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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The Prophet (e) was born in the year 571 C.E. into the tribe of Quraish [held noble by all Arabs], in Makkah [the religious capital of the Arabian Peninsula].<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Arabs would perform pilgrimage to Makkah and circumambulate the Ka’bah which was built by Prophet Abraham and his son, Prophet Ishmael, may God praise them both.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet (e) was an orphan. His father passed away before he was born, and his mother died when he was six years old. He was taken under the care of his grandfather, Abdul-Muttalib, and when he died, his uncle, Abu Talib, took charge of him. His tribe, as well as others, worshipped idols made from stone, wood and even gold. Some of these idols were placed around the Ka’bah. People believed that these idols could ward off harm or extend benefit.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet (e) was a trustworthy and honest person. He never behaved treacherously, nor did he lie or cheat; he was known amongst his people as ‘Al-Ameen’, <\/em>or ‘The Trustworthy<\/strong>’. People would entrust him with their valuables when they wanted to travel. He was also known as ‘As-Sadiq’<\/em> or ‘The Truthful<\/strong>’ for he never told a lie. He was well-mannered, well-spoken, and he loved to help people. His people loved and revered him and he had beautiful manners. God, the Exalted, says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(Indeed you are of a great moral character.<\/strong>)   [68:4]<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The famous Scottish historian and writer, Thomas Carlyle <\/strong>(d. 1885) wrote in his book: ‘Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History<\/em>’<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

But, from an early age, he had been remarked as a thoughtful man. His companions named him "Al Amin<\/em>, The Faithful." A man of truth and fidelity; true in what he did, in what he spoke and thought. They noted that he always meant something. A man rather taciturn in speech; silent when there was nothing to be said; but pertinent, wise, sincere, when he did speak; always throwing light on the matter. This is the only sort of speech worth speaking! Through life we find him to have been regarded as an altogether solid, brotherly, genuine man. A serious, sincere character; yet amiable, cordial, companionable, jocose even - a good laugh in him withal: there are men whose laugh is as untrue as anything about them; who cannot laugh. A spontaneous, passionate, yet just, true-meaning man! Full of wild faculty, fire and light; of wild worth, all uncultured; working out his life - takes in the depth of the Desert there.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet (e) liked to seclude himself in the Cave of Hira<\/em> before he was commissioned as a prophet. He would stay there many nights at a time.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

He (e) never partook in any falsehood; he never drank intoxicants, nor did he ever bow to a statue or idol, take an oath by them or offer to them an offering. He was a shepherd over a flock of sheep which belonged to his people. The Prophet (e) said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘Every prophet commissioned by God was a shepherd over a flock of sheep.’ <\/strong>His companions asked him: ‘Even you, O Messenger of God?’ <\/strong>He said: ‘Yes, I would take care of a flock of sheep for the people of Makkah.’<\/strong>  (Bukhari 2143)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

At the age of forty, the Prophet (e) received divine revelation when at the cave of Hira. The Mother of the believers, A’ishah[10]<\/a>  said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The first thing that God’s Messenger (e) received while in the Cave of Hira<\/em> in Makkah were good visions [dreams]. Every time he had a dream, it would come true and clear like the split of the dawn. Later on, God’s Messenger (e) began to love being alone in meditation. He spent lengthy periods for days and nights to fulfill this purpose in the cave before returning back to his family. He would take a supply of food for his trip. When he came back to his wife Khadeejah[11]<\/a> he would get a fresh supply of food and go back to the same cave to continue his meditation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Truth came to him while he was in the Cave of Hira<\/em>. The Angel Gabriel came to Muhammad (e) and commanded him to read. Muhammad (e) replied, ”I cannot read!“ <\/strong>Gabriel embraced Muhammad (e)  until he could not breathe, and then let him go saying, ”O Muhammad! Read!“ <\/strong>Again, Muhammad (e) replied, ”I cannot read!“ <\/strong>Gabriel embraced Muhammad (e) for the second time. He then ordered him to read for the third time, when he did not he embraced him tightly until he could not breathe, and then released him saying, ”O Muhammad! <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(Recite with the Name of Your Lord Who has created (all that exists). He has created man out of a (mere) clot of congealed blood: Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous<\/strong>.)(96:1-3) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Messenger of God (e) returned home trembling. He entered his home and told Khadeejah: “Cover me up, cover me up!“ <\/strong>Khadeejah covered Muhammad (e) until he felt better. He then informed her about what happened to him in the Cave of Hira<\/em>. He said, ”I was concerned about myself and my well-being.“ <\/strong>Khadeejah assured Muhammad (e) saying: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

By God! You don’t have to worry! God, the Exalted, will never humiliate you! You are good to your kith and kin. You help the poor and needy. You are generous and hospitable to your guests. You help people who are in need.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Khadeejah took her husband Muhammad (e) to a cousin of hers named Waraqah bin Nawfal bin Asad bin Abdul Uzza. This man became a Christian during the pre-Islamic times, known as the Era of Ignorance. He was a scribe, who wrote the Scripture in Hebrew. He was an old man who became blind at the latter part of his life. Khadeejah said to her cousin, <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"O cousin, listen to what your nephew [i.e. Muhammad <\/strong>e] is about to tell you!“ Waraqah said: "What is it you have seen, dear nephew?“ <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Messenger of God (e) informed him of what he had seen in the Cave of Hira<\/em>. Upon hearing his report, Waraqah said, <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

”By God! This is the Angel Gabriel who came to Prophet Moses, may God praise him. I wish I would be alive when your people will drive you out of Makkah!“ <\/strong>The Messenger of God (e) wondered:  ”Are they going to drive me out of Makkah?!” <\/strong>Waraqah affirmed positively saying, ”Never has a man conveyed a Message similar to what you have been charged with, except that his people waged war against him - if I am to witness this, I will support you.” <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Waraqah lived only a short period after this incident and passed away. Revelation also stopped for a while.’   (Bukhari #3)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The chapter of the Qur’an quoted in the hadeeth[12]<\/a> above marks the beginning when he was commissioned as a Prophet. God, the Exalted, then revealed to him:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(O you (Muhammad <\/strong>e) enveloped <\/strong>(in garments<\/strong>); Arise and warn!<\/strong> <\/strong>And your Lord <\/strong>(Allah<\/strong>) magnify! And your garments purify!<\/strong>)   (74:1-4)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This chapter of the Qur’an marks the beginning when he was commissioned as a Messenger.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

With the revelation of this chapter of the Qur’an, the Prophet (e) began calling his nation to Islam openly. He began with his own people. Some of them refused adamantly to listen to him, for to them, he was calling to a matter which they had never witnessed before.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The religion of Islam is a complete way of life, which deals with religious, political, economical and social affairs. Furthermore, the religion of Islam did not only call them to worship God alone and to forsake all idols and things they worshipped; rather, it prohibited them from things they considered pleasurable, such as consuming interest and intoxicants, fornication, and gambling. It also called people to be just and fair with one another, and to know that there was no difference between them except through piety. How could the Quraish [the most noble tribe amongst the Arabs] stand to be treated equally with the slaves! They did not only adamantly refuse to accept Islam; rather, they harmed him and blamed him, saying that he was crazy, a sorcerer and a liar. They blamed him with things they would dare not have before the advent of Islam. They incited the ignorant masses against him, harmed him and tortured his companions. Abdullah b. Masood, a close companion of the Prophet said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

While the Prophet<\/strong> (e) was standing up and praying near the Ka’bah, a group of Quraish were sitting in their sitting place, one of them said: “Do you see this man? Would someone bring the dirt and filth and bloody intestines from the camels of so and so, and wait till he prostrates, and then place it between his shoulders?” The most wretched amongst them volunteered to do it, and when the Prophet<\/strong> (e) prostrated, he put the filth between his shoulders, so the Prophet<\/strong> (e) stayed in prostration.<\/strong> They laughed so hard that they were about to fall on each other. Someone went to Fatimah who was a young girl, and informed her of what had happened. She hurriedly came towards the Prophet<\/strong> (e) and removed the filth from his back, and then she turned around and she cursed the Quraishites who were sitting in that sitting.<\/strong>   (Bukhari #498)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Muneeb al-Azdi, a companion of the Prophet (r) said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 I saw the Messenger of God in the Era of Ignorance saying to people: “Say there is no god worthy of being worshipped except Allah if you would be successful.” There were those who spat in his face, those who threw soil in his face, and those who swore at him until midday. When [once] a certain young girl came with a big container of water, he washed his face and hands and say: “O daughter, do not fear that your father will be humiliated or struck by poverty.”<\/strong>   (Mu’jam al-Kabeer # 805)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abdullah b. Amr al-Aas, a companion of the Prophet (r) was asked about some of the evil the pagans did to the Prophet (e), to which he replied:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

[Once a pagan] approached the Prophet <\/strong>(e) while he was praying near the Ka’bah and twisted his garment around his neck. Abu Bakr[13]<\/strong><\/a> hurriedly approached and grabbed his shoulder and pushed him away saying: ”Do you kill a man because he proclaims Allah as his Lord, and clear signs have come to you from your Lord?”<\/strong>   (Bukhari 3643)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

These incidents did not stop the Prophet (e) from calling to Islam. He preached this message to the many tribes that came to Makkah for Hajj[14]<\/a>. A few believed from the people of Yathrib (a small city north of Makkah), known today as Madeenah, and they pledged to support him and help him if he chose to migrate there. He sent with them Mus’ab b. Umair to teach them the tenets of Islam. After all the hardships that the Muslims of Makkah faced from their own people, God granted them the permission to migrate to Madeenah. The people of Madeenah greeted them and received them in a most extraordinary manner. Madeenah became the capital of the new Islamic state, and the place from which the call to Islam was spread far and wide.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet (e) settled there and taught people how to recite the Qur’an and the rulings of the religion. The inhabitants of Madeenah were greatly moved and touched by the Prophet’s manners. They loved him more than they loved their own selves; they would rush to serve him, and they would spend all they had in the path of Islam. The society was strong and its people were rich in Faith, and they were extremely happy. People loved each other, and true brotherhood was apparent amongst its people. All people were equal; the rich, noble and poor, black and white, Arab and non-Arab - they were all considered as equals in the religion of God, no distinction was made among them except through piety. After the Quraish learnt that the Prophet’s call had spread, they fought him in the first battle in Islam, the Battle of Badr. This battle took place between two groups unequal in preparations and weapons. The Muslims numbered 314; whereas, the pagans were 1000 strong. God gave victory to the Prophet (e) and the Companions. After this battle, a number of battles took place between the Muslims and the pagans. After eight years, the Prophet (e) was able to prepare an army 10,000 strong. They proceeded towards Makkah and conquered it, and with this Muhamamad (e) overcame the people who had harmed and tortured him and his Companions with every conceivable cruelty. In their fleeing for their lives, they had even been forced to leave their property and wealth behind. The year of this decisive victory is called ‘The Year of the Conquest.’ Allah, the Exalted, says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(When the victory of Allah has come and the conquest, and you see the people entering into the religion of Allah in multitudes, then glorify the Praises of your Lord and ask His forgiveness. Indeed, He is the One Who accepts the repentance and Who forgives.<\/strong>)   [110:1-3]<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Upon the conquest, the Prophet (r) gathered the people of Makkah and said to them:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

”What do you think I will do to you?“ They answered: “You will only do something favorable; you are a kind and generous brother, and a kind and generous nephew!” The Prophet<\/strong> (r) said:  “Go - you are free.“<\/strong> (Baihaqi #18055)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This incredible act of forgiveness caused many to accept Islam. The Prophet (r) then returned to Madeenah. After a period of time, the Prophet (r) intended to perform Hajj, so he headed towards Makkah with 114,000 Companions and performed Hajj. This Hajj is known as ‘Hajjatul-Wadaa<\/em>’ or the ‘Farewell Pilgrimage’ since the Prophet (r) never performed another Hajj, and died shortly after he performed it.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

On the 9th<\/sup> of Dhul-Hijjah at Mount Arafat, the Prophet (r), delivered his farewell sermon. After praising Allah, he said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

O People! Lend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether after this year, I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore listen to what I am saying to you very carefully and take these words to those who could not be present here today. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

O People! Just as you regard this month, this day, this city as sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember, you will indeed meet your Lord and He will indeed reckon your deeds. Allah has forbidden you to take usury; therefore all interest obligation shall henceforth be waived. Your capital, however, is yours to keep. You will neither inflict nor suffer inequity. Beware of Satan for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will ever be able to lead you astray in great things, so beware of following him in small things. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

O People! It is true that you have certain rights with regards to your women, but they also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken them as your wives only under Allah’s trust and with His permission. If they abide by your right, then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them, for they are your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not take as intimate friends those whom you do not approve of as well as to never be unchaste. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

O People! Listen to me in earnest; worship Allah, perform your five daily prayers, fast the month of Ramadhan, give alms and perform the pilgrimage (i.e. Hajj) if you can afford to. All mankind is from Adam and Adam is from clay. There is no superiority for an Arab over a non-Arab, nor for a non-Arab over an Arab; or for a white over a black, nor for a black over a white; except through piety. Know that every Muslim is a brother to every other Muslim and that the Muslims are one community. Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim that belongs to another unless it was given freely and willingly. Do not, therefore, do injustice to yourselves. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Remember, one day you will appear before Allah and answer for your deeds. So beware! Do not stray from the path of righteousness after I am gone. O People! No prophet or messenger will come after me and no new faith will be born. Reason well, therefore, O people! And understand the words that I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, if you follow them you will never go astray: the Book of Allah (i.e. the Qur’an) and my Sunnah. All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others again; and may the last ones understand my words better than those who listen to me directly. Be my witness, O Allah, that I have conveyed Your Message to Your People.’<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet (r) died in Madeenah on the 12th<\/sup> day of Rabi al-Awal in the 11th<\/sup> year of Hijrah and was buried there as well. The Muslims were shocked when they learnt of his death; some Companions did not believe it. Umar said: ‘Whoever says that Muhammad is dead, I will behead him!’ Abu Bakr then addressed the Muslims and read the words of God:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(Muhammad is not but a Messenger. Other messengers have passed away before him. So if he was to die or be killed, would you turn back on your heels to unbelief? And He who turns back on his heels will never harm God at all; but God will reward the grateful.<\/strong>)   [3:144]<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

When Umar heard this verse, he stopped saying what he was saying, since he was very keen on applying the rules of God. The Prophet (r) was 63 years of age when he died.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet (r) stayed in Makkah for forty years before being commissioned as a Prophet. After being commissioned as a Prophet; he lived there for another thirteen years, in which he called people to the pure monotheistic belief of Islam. He then migrated to Madeenah, and stayed there for ten years. He continued to receive revelation there, until the Qur’an and the religion of Islam were complete.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The famous playwright and critic, George Bernard Shaw (d. 1950) said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

I have always held the religion of Muhammad in high estimation because of its wonderful vitality. It is the only religion which appears to possess that assimilating capability to the changing phases of existence which make itself appeal to every age - I have prophesized about the faith of Muhammad that it would be acceptable tomorrow as it is beginning to be acceptable to the Europe of today. Medieval ecclesiastics, either through ignorance or bigotry, painted Muhammadanism in the darkest colours. They were, in fact, trained to hate both the man Muhammad and his religion. To them, Muhammad was an anti-Christ. I have studied him, the wonderful man, and in my opinion, far from being an anti-Christ, he must be called the Saviour of humanity.[15]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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The Description of the Prophet (<\/strong>e) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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The Prophet was of a slightly above-average height. Amazingly, in gatherings, he would appear taller than those actually taller than him - until the people dispersed. In complexion, he was white with a rosy tinge; pale, but not excessively so. His hair was jet black and wavy, but stopped short of curling, and was kept between his earlobes and shoulders. Sometimes he would part his hair at the middle. Other times, he would wear it braided. The Prophet (r) had the physique of a powerful man. He had a broad upper-back and shoulders between which was the Seal of Prophethood. He had long muscular limbs, large joints and a wide girth. His lean stomach never protruded out past the profile of his chest. His face was radiant, “as if the sun were following its course across and shining from his face,”<\/strong> said one Companion. His neck was silvery white; his forehead, prominent; his pupils, large and black; his eyelashes, long and thick; his nose, high-tipped with narrow nostrils. At the time of his death, the Prophet had exactly 17 white hairs shared between his temples and the front of his thick, beard. He had hair on his forearms and shins and a line of fine hair also ran from his chest to his navel.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet (r) would walk briskly with a forward-leaning gait, moving with strength of purpose and lifting each foot clearly off the ground. His pace was such that fit men would tire trying to keep up. When he turned, he would turn his whole body, giving full attention to the one addressing him and showing complete concern to what was being said. When he pointed, he would use an open hand so as not to offend. Likewise, when he criticized a person's behavior, rather than name the individual, he would simply say: “Why do people do so and so?”<\/strong> He would laugh only to the extent that the gap between his front teeth would become visible. He would become angry only to the extent that his face would turn red and the vein between his fine, bow-shaped eyebrows would bulge. He once said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“I am the master of the descendants of Adam and I do not say so out of pride.”   <\/strong>(Tirmidthi)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 That freedom from pride was obvious even to children, who would playfully lead the Prophet (r) through the streets of Medina whilst grasping his finger. Indeed he had said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“He who does not show mercy to our young, nor honor our old, is not from us.”   <\/strong>(Abu Dawood) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

((Allah has sent you) a Messenger who recites to you the clear Signs of Allah that He may take out those who believe and work righteousness from the darkness to the light (of Islamic Monotheism).<\/strong> )   [65:11] <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Ali, cousin and son-in-law to the Prophet, said of Muhammad:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

'<\/strong>He was the Last of the Prophets, the most giving of hearts, the most truthful, the best of them in temperament and the most sociable. Whoever unexpectedly saw him would stand in awe of him, and whoever accompanied him and got to know him would love him. Those describing him would say: "I have never seen anyone before or after him who was comparable to him.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet's beloved wife, A'ishah, said of her selfless husband:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“He always joined in household chores and would at times mend his clothes, repair his shoes and sweep the floor. He would milk, tether and feed his animals.”<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(Bukhari)  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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She also described his character as: “The Qur'an (exemplified).’<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(Indeed in the Messenger of Allah you have an excellent example to follow for whoever hopes in Allah and the Last Day and remembers Allah much.<\/strong>)   [33:21] <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Some of the Prophet’s Manners & Characteristics:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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1. Sound Intellect<\/strong>: The Messenger (e) had an excellent, complete and sound intellect. No man has ever had an intellect as complete and perfect as his. Qadhi Iyaadh[16]<\/a>, may God have mercy on him, said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This becomes clear to an individual when the researcher reads the Prophet’s biography and understands his state of affairs, and his meaningful and inclusive utterances and traditions, his good manners, ethics and moral character, his knowledge of the Torah and Gospel and other Divine Scriptures, and his knowledge of statements of the wise, and knowledge of bygone nations, and ability to strike examples and implement policies and correct emotional manners. He was an example and paradigm to which his people could relate to in all branches of knowledge; acts of worship, medicine, laws of inheritance, lineage, and other matters as well. He knew and learned all of this without reading or examining the Scriptures of those before us, nor did he sit with their scholars. The Prophet had no formal schooling, and was without knowledge of the above before being commissioned as a Prophet, nor could he read or write. The Prophet (e) was wise to the fullest extent of his mental capacity. God, the Exalted, informed him of some of what had taken place (in the past) and of that which would take place in the future. This is a sign that the Dominion belongs to God, and that He is capable over all things.[17]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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2. Doing Things for the Sake of God<\/strong>: The Prophet (e) would always do deeds through which he would seek the pleasure of God. He was harmed and abused when he invited and called people to Islam; yet he was patient and endured all of this, and hoped for the reward of God. Abdullah b. Masood said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The Prophet <\/strong>(e) resembled a prophet who was harmed by his people. He wiped the blood from his face and said: ‘O God! Forgive my people, for they know not!’<\/strong>   (Bukhari #3290)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Jundub b. Sufyaan said that the Messenger’s finger bled during one of the battles, and he said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘You are but a finger which has bled; which suffers in the path of God.’   <\/strong>(Bukhari #2648)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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3. Sincerity<\/strong>: The Prophet (e) was sincere and honest in all his matters, as God had ordered him. Allah, the Exalted, says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(Say, ‘Indeed, my prayer, my rites of sacrifice, my living and my dying are for God, Lord of the worlds. No partner has He. And this I have been commanded and I am the first <\/strong>(among you<\/strong>) of the Muslims.<\/strong>)   [6:162-163]<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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4. Good Morals, Ethics and Companionship<\/strong>: The Prophet (e) was a living example for all humans to follow. His wife A’ishah was asked about his manners, and she said,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘His manners were the Qur’an.’<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In this statement, A’ishah meant that the Prophet (e) abided by its laws and commands and abstained from its prohibitions, and observed the virtuous deeds mentioned in it. The Prophet (e) said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘God has sent me to perfect good manners and to do good deeds.<\/strong>’  (Bukhari & Ahmed)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Allah, the Exalted, described the Prophet (e) saying:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(And indeed, you are of a great moral character<\/strong>)  [68:4]<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Anas b. Malik served the Prophet (e) for ten years; He was with him day in and day out, both when the Prophet (r) traveled and when he was a resident in Madeenah. He was knowledgeable of the Prophet’s manners. He said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The Prophet <\/strong>(e) did not swear at anyone, nor was he rude, nor did he curse anyone. If he desired to reprimand someone, he would say:<\/strong> ‘What is wrong with him, may dust be cast in his face!’ <\/strong>  <\/strong>(Bukhari #5684)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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5. Politeness and Good Manners<\/strong>: The Prophet (r) showed good manners and was courteous to all, even to children. Once when the Prophet was in a gathering, a drink was brought to the Prophet (e) and he drank from it. On his right side there was a young boy and on his left side were elderly men. Feeling obliged by the respect of elders, and not wanting to hurt the feelings of the child, he asked the young boy:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘Do you mind if I give the drink to them?’<\/strong> The young boy said: ‘O Prophet of God! By God! I would not prefer anyone to drink from the place you drank. This is my fair share<\/strong>[18]<\/a>.’<\/strong> The Messenger of God (e) handed the boy the drink.”   (Bukhari #2319)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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6. Love for Reformation and Reconciliation<\/strong>: Whenever a situation occurred which called for reconciliation, the Prophet (r) would hurry to resolve it. Once when he heard that the people of Qubaa’<\/em>[19]<\/a> disputed with each other about a matter, the Prophet (e) said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘Let us go to resolve the situation and make peace between them.’<\/strong>   (Bukhari #2547)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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7. Ordering with the good and forbidding evil<\/strong>: If the Prophet (r) saw an act which opposed a tenet of the religion, he would reprimand it in a suitable manner.  Abdullah b. Abbas said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Messenger of God e saw a man wearing a gold ring[20]<\/a>, so he reached for it, [and] removed it…. He then said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘Would one of you seek a burning charcoal and place it on his hand?!’ <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The man was later told, after the Prophet e left: ‘Take your ring! Make good use of it [by selling it].’ The man said: ‘No, by God! I will never take it after the Messenger of God e cast it away.’   (Muslim #2090)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abu Saeed al-Khudri said: ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah say: ‘Whoever of you sees an evil action, let him change it with his hand; and if he is not able to do so, then with his tongue; and if he is not able to do so, then with his heart…’<\/strong>   (Muslim)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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8. Love of Purification<\/strong>: A companion passed by the Prophet (e) while he was not in a state of purification. He greeted him with God’s name, but the Prophet (e) did not return the greeting until he performed ablution and apologized saying:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘I disliked that I should mention God’s name while I am not in a state of purity.’   <\/strong>(Ibn Khuzaimah #206)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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9. Safeguarding and Minding One’s Language<\/strong>: The Messenger of God (e) would busy himself with the remembrance of God; he would not talk in vain. He would lengthen his prayers and shorten the speech, and he would not hesitate to help and take care of the needs of a needy, poor or widow.   (Ibn Hib’ban #6423)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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10. Excelling in Acts of Worship<\/strong>: A’ishah said that the Prophet of God (e) used to pray during the night until his feet would swell. She said, ‘Why do you do this, O Messenger of God, while God has forgiven your past and future sins?’ The Prophet (e) replied:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘Shall I not be a grateful slave (of God)?’<\/strong>   (Bukhari #4557)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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11. Forbearance<\/strong>: Once some companions came to the Prophet (e) complaining about a tribe, namely the Daws<\/em>, who refused to accept Islam, asking him to curse them. The Prophet (e) raised his hands in prayer and instead said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘O Allah guide the tribe of Daws<\/em> and bring them to Islam!’<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

12. Good Appearance<\/strong>: The companions knew the Prophet (r) to be the most beautiful of people. One companion said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The Prophet <\/strong>(e) was a person of average height. His shoulders were wide. His hair reached his earlobes. Once I saw him adorned in a red garment; I never saw anything more beautiful than him.’<\/strong>   (Bukhari #2358)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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13. Asceticism in Worldly Affairs<\/strong>: There are many examples in the Prophet’s life which prove that he had no concern for the pleasures of this life. Abdullah b. Masood said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The Messenger of God <\/strong>(e) went to sleep on a mat. He stood up and he had marks on his side due to the mat that he had slept on. We said: ‘O Messenger of God, shall we not make [a proper] bedding for you?’ He said: ‘What do I have to do with this world? I am only like a wayfarer upon a mount that stopped to take shade and rest under a tree, and then leaves it behind and continues on the journey.’<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(Tirmidthi #2377)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Amr’ b. al-Haarith said the Messenger of God (e) did not leave any gold or silver currency, or a slave, male or female, after his death. He only left behind his white mule, his weapons and a piece of land which he declared as Charity.’   (Bukhari #2588)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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14. Altruism<\/strong>: Sahl b. Sa’d said: The Prophet (e) had more care for those around him than for his own self.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘A woman gave the Messenger of God <\/strong>(e) a Burdah<\/em> (gown). The Prophet <\/strong>(e) asked his Companions: ‘Do you know what a Burdah<\/em> is?’ They replied, ‘Yes, O Prophet of God! It is a piece of woven cloth [similar to a shawl]. The woman said: ‘O Prophet of God! I have woven this shawl with my own hands, for you to wear.’ The Messenger of God <\/strong>(e) took it while he direly needed it. After a while, the Messenger of God <\/strong>(e) came out of his home wearing it, and a Companion said to the Messenger of God <\/strong>(e): ‘O Prophet of God! Grant me this shawl to wear!’ The Messenger of God <\/strong>(e) said: ‘Yes.’ He then sat for awhile, and headed back home, folded it and gave it to the person who asked for it. The Companions scolded him saying: ‘It was not appropriate for you to ask for his shawl; especially since you know he does not turn anyone down or send them away empty-handed! The man said: ‘By God! I only asked him to give it to me because I want to be shrouded in this shawl when I die.’ Sahl, the narrator of the Hadeeth said: ‘The shawl was used as a shroud for that man when he died.’<\/strong>   (Bukhari #1987) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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15. Strong Faith and Dependence on God<\/strong>: Although the Prophet (r) and his companions faced severe trials from the disbelievers, he always reminded them that the end was for the believers, and that the Will of God will come to pass. When Abu Bakr and the Prophet hid in a cave after they had left their homes in order to migrate to Madeenah, the disbelievers of Makkah had sent scouts in search of them. They came so close to the cave that Abu Bakr could see their feet. Abu Bakr said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘I looked at the feet of the pagans while we were in the cave [of Thawr<\/em>]. I said, ‘O Prophet of God! If anyone of them looks down at his feet he would see us!’ The Messenger of God <\/strong>(e) said: ‘O Abu Bakr! What do you think of two with whom God, the Exalted, is their Third?’<\/strong>   (Muslim #1854)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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16. Kindness and Compassion<\/strong>: <\/em><\/strong>The Prophet was the kindest of people, and this was also apparent in his treatment of infants.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The Messenger of God <\/strong>(e) performed Salah<\/em> (prayer) while he was carrying an infant girl named Umaamah, daughter of Abul-Aas. When he bowed, he put her on the ground, and when he stood up, he would carry her again.’ <\/strong>(Bukhari #5650)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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17. Simplification and Ease<\/strong>: The Prophet (r) always sought to make things easy for people. The Messenger of God (e) said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘I start the prayer with the intention of lengthening it, but when I hear a child crying, I shorten the prayer, as I know its mother would suffer from his screams!’<\/strong> (Bukhari #677)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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18. Fearing God, being Mindful to not trespass His Limits:<\/strong> The Messenger of God (e) said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘Sometimes, when I return to my family, I would find a date-fruit on the bed. I would pick it up to eat it; but I would fear that it was from the charity[21]<\/strong><\/a>, and thus, throw it back [on the ground].’<\/strong>   (Bukhari #2300)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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19. Spending Generously<\/strong>: Anas bin Malik said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The Messenger of God <\/strong>(e) was never asked for something when a person accepted Islam, except that he granted that person what he asked. A man came to the Prophet <\/strong>(e) and he gave him a herd of sheep that was grazing between two mountains. The man returned to his people and said: ‘O my people accept Islam! Muhammad <\/strong>(e) gives out generously like one who does not fear poverty.’<\/strong>   (Muslim #2312)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Ibn Abbas said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The Prophet <\/strong>(e) was the most generous of people. He was most generous during Ramadhan when he met Gabriel <\/strong>(e); he would meet him every night during Ramadhan to practice and review the Qur’an with him. The Messenger of God <\/strong>(e) was so generous, that he was faster than the swiftest wind in this regard.<\/strong>   (Bukhari #6)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abu Dharr said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘I was walking with the Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) in the Har’rah<\/em> (volcanic region) of Madeenah and we faced the mount of Uhud; the Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) said: ‘O Abu Dharr!’ I said: ‘Here I am O Messenger of God!’ He said: ‘It would not please me to have an amount of gold equal to the weight of Mount Uhud, until I spend and give it out (in the sake of God) within a night or within three nights. I would keep a single silver piece of it to help those who are in debt.<\/strong>   (Bukhari #2312)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Jabir b. Abdullah said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>e did not refuse to give anything which he had to someone if he asked for it.’<\/strong>   (Bukhari #5687)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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20. Cooperation<\/strong>: The Prophet (r) was not a king who commanded his followers to carry out his orders. Rather he always carried out his own affairs and helped others in collective duties. A’ishah was once asked about how the Prophet (e) behaved with his family. She said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘He helped and assisted his family members with their chores; but when the call to prayer was heard, he would [stop everything and] leave to attend the prayers.’   <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Al-Baraa bin ‘Azib said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“I saw the Messenger of God <\/strong>(e) on the Day of the Trench carrying dirt [that was dug from the trench] until his chest was covered with dirt.”<\/strong>   (Bukhari #2780)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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21. Truthfulness<\/strong>: A’ishah said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The trait and characteristic which the Prophet <\/strong>(e) hated most was lying. A man would tell a lie in the presence of the Prophet <\/strong>(e) and he would hold it against him, until he knew that he repented.’ <\/strong>(Tirmidthi #1973) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Even his enemies attested to his truthfulness. Abu Jahl, who was one of the harshest enemies of Islam, said: ‘O Muhammad! I do not say that you are a liar! I only deny what you brought and what you call people to.’ God, the Exalted, says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(We know indeed that what they say certainly grieves you, but surely they do not call you a liar; but the unjust deny the verses of God<\/strong>.)   [6:33]<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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22. Aggrandizing the limits set by Allah, and Always Seeking the Moderate Path<\/strong>: A’ishah said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The Prophet <\/strong>(e) was not given a choice between two matters, except that he chose the easier of the two, as long as it was not a sinful act. If that act was a sinful act, he would be the farthest from it. By God! He never avenged himself. He only became angry when people transgressed the limits and boundaries of God; in that case he avenged [for the sake of God].’   <\/strong>(Bukhari #6404)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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23. Pleasant Facial Expression<\/strong>: Abdullah bin al-Harith said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘I have never seen a man who smiled as much as the Messenger of God <\/strong>(e).’   <\/strong>(Tirmidthi #2641)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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24. Honesty, Trustworthiness and Reliability<\/strong>: The Prophet (e) was well-known for his honesty. The pagans of Makkah -who were openly hostile towards him- would leave their valuables with him. His honesty and reliability was tested when the pagans of Makkah abused him and tortured his companions and drove them out of their homes. He ordered his cousin, Ali b. Abi Talib to postpone his migration for three days to return to people their valuables.[22]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Another example of his honesty, trustworthiness and reliability is demonstrated in the Truce of Hudaibiyah<\/em>, wherein he agreed to the article in the treaty which stated that any man who left the Prophet (e) would not be returned to him, and any man who left Makkah would be returned to them. Before the treaty was concluded a man named Abu Jandal b. Amr had managed to escape from the pagans of Makkah and rushed to join Muhammad (e). The pagans asked Muhammad to honor his pledge and return the escapee. The Messenger of God (e) said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘O Abu Jandal! Be patient and ask God to grant you patience. God will surely help you and those who are persecuted and make it easy for you. We have signed an agreement with them, and we certainly do not betray or act treacherously.’   <\/strong>(Baihaquee #18611)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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25. Bravery and courage<\/strong>: Ali said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘You should have seen him on the Day of Badr! We sought refuge with the Messenger of God <\/strong>(e). He was the closest among us to the enemy. On that Day, the Messenger of God <\/strong>(e) was the strongest one among us.’<\/strong>   (Ahmed #654)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As for his courage and bravery under normal circumstances - Anas b. Malik said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The Messenger of God <\/strong>(e) was the best of people and the most courageous. One night, the people of Madeenah were frightened and headed towards the sounds they heard during the night. The Messenger of God <\/strong>(e) met them while coming back from the place of the sound, after he made sure that there was no trouble. He was riding a horse that belonged to Abu Talhah without any saddle, and he had his sword with him. He was assuring the people, saying: ‘Do not be frightened! Do not be frightened!’<\/strong>   (Bukhari #2751)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

He met up with people riding a horse with no saddle, and he carried his sword, for there might be a reason or need to use it. He did not wait for others to investigate the source of trouble as is usually done in these situations.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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26. Bashfulness and Modesty<\/strong>: Abu Ayoub al-Ansari said that the Messenger of Allah (r) said: ‘Four (traits) are from the practice of the Messengers; modesty, using perfume and siwak <\/em>(tooth stick) and marriage.’   (Tirmidthi)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

A’ishah said: ‘A woman asked the Prophet (r) about the bath which is taken at the end of the menstrual period. The Prophet (r) said:  “Purify yourself with a piece of cloth scented with musk.” The Prophet (r) felt shy and turned his face. A’ishah said: “I pulled her to myself and told her what the Prophet (r) meant.”’   (Bukhari #313)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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27. Humbleness<\/strong>: The Messenger of God (e) was the most humble person. He was so humble that if a stranger were to enter the mosque and approach the Prophet’s sitting place while he was sitting with his Companions, one would not be able to distinguish him from his Companions. Anas bin Malik said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘Once, while we were sitting with the Messenger of God <\/strong>(e) in the Masjid, a man on his camel approached. After he tied it with a rope, he asked: ‘Who amongst you is Muhammad?’ The Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) was sitting on the ground while he was leaning, with his Companions. We directed the Bedouin, saying: ‘This white man leaning on the ground.’ The Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) did not differ nor distinguish himself from his Companions. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet (e) would not hesitate to help the poor, needy and widows in their needs. Anas b. Malik said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘A woman from the people of Madeenah who was partially insane said to the Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e): ‘I have to ask you [your help] about something.’ He helped her and took care of her needs.<\/strong>’<\/strong> (Bukhari #670)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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28. Mercy and Compassion<\/strong>: Abu Masood al-Ansari said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘A man came to the Prophet (e) and said: "O Messenger of God! By God! I do not pray Fajr prayer because so and so lengthens the prayer." He said: ‘I have never seen the Messenger of God (e) deliver a speech in such an angry state. He said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘O People! Verily there are among you those who chase people away! If you lead people in prayer, shorten the prayer. There are old and weak people and those with special needs behind you in prayer.’<\/strong>   (Bukhari #670)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Once when the Prophet (r) went to visit his grandchild he shed some tears.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) sat with the child while he was on his deathbed. The child’s eyes froze in their places like stones. Upon seeing that, the Messenger of God <\/strong>(e) wept. Sa’d said to him, ‘What is this ‘O Prophet of God?’ He said: ‘This is a mercy that God, the Exalted, places in the hearts of His slaves. Truly, God is merciful to those who are merciful towards others.’<\/strong>   (Bukhari #6942)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

29. Patience and Forbearance<\/strong>: Anas bin Malik said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘Once, I was walking with the Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) while he was wearing a Yemeni cloak with a collar with rough edges. A Bedouin grabbed him strongly. I looked at the side of his neck and saw that the edge of the cloak left a mark on his neck. The Bedouin said, ‘O Muhammad! Give me [some] of the wealth of God that you have.’ The Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) turned to the Bedouin, laughed and ordered that he be given [some money].’ <\/strong>  (Bukhari #2980)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Another example of his patience is the story of the Jewish Rabbi, Zaid bin Sa’nah. Zaid had given something as a loan to the Messenger of God (e). He himself said,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘Two or three days prior to the return of the debt, the Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) was attending the funeral of a man from the Ansar. Abu Bakr and Umar, Uthman and some other Companions were with the Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e). After he prayed the funeral prayer he sat down close to a wall, and I came towards him, grabbed him by the edges of his cloak, and looked at him in a harsh way, and said: ‘O Muhammad! Will you not pay me back my loan? I have not known the family of Abdul-Mutalib to delay in repaying debts!”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

I looked at Umar b. al-Khat’taab - his eyes were swollen with anger! He looked at me and said: ‘O Enemy of God, do you talk to the Messenger of God and behave towards him in this manner?! By the One who sent him with the truth, had it not been for the fear of not entering the Heavenly Gardens, I would have beheaded you with my sword! The Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) was looking at Umar in a calm and peaceful manner, and he said: ‘O Umar, you should have given us sincere counseling, rather than to do what you did! O Umar, go and repay him his loan, and give him twenty Sa’a<\/em> (measurement of weight) extra because you scared him!’<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Zaid said: ‘Umar went with me, and repaid me the debt, and gave me over it twenty Sa’a<\/em> of dates. I asked him: ‘What is this?’ He said: ‘The Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) ordered me to give it, because I frightened you.’ Zaid then asked Umar: ‘O Umar, do you know who I am?’ Umar said: ‘No, I don’t - who are you?’ Zaid said: ‘I am Zaid b. Sa’nah.’ Umar inquired: ‘The Rabbi?’ Zaid answered: ‘Yes, the Rabbi.’ Umar then asked him: ‘What made you say what you said to the Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) and do what you did to him?’ Zaid answered: ‘O Umar, I have seen all the signs of prophethood in the face of the Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) except two – (the first) his patience and perseverance precede his anger and the second, the more harsher you are towards him, the kinder and more patient he becomes, and I am now satisfied. O Umar, I hold you as a witness that I testify and am satisfied that there is no true god worthy of being worshipped except God alone, and my religion is Islam and Muhammad<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) is my Prophet. I also hold you as a witness that half of my wealth - and I am among the wealthiest people in Madeenah - I give for the sake of God to the Muslims.’ Umar said: ‘you will not be able to distribute your wealth to all the Muslims, so say, ‘I will distribute it to some of the followers of Muhammad<\/strong> <\/strong>(e).’ Zaid said: ‘I said, then I will distribute (the apportioned) wealth to some of the Muslims.’ Both Zaid and Umar returned to the Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e).<\/strong> Zaid said to him: ‘I bear witness that there is no true god worthy of being worshipped except God alone, and that Muhammad<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) is the slave of God and His Messenger.’ He believed in him, and witnessed many battles and then died in the Battle of Tabook while he was encountering the enemy - may God have mercy on Zaid.’<\/strong> (Ibn Hibban #288)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

A great example of his forgiveness and perseverance is apparent when he pardoned the people of Makkah after its conquest. When the Messenger of God (e) gathered the people; who had abused, harmed and tortured him and his companions, and had driven them out of the city of Makkah, he said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘What do you think I will do to you?’ They answered: ‘You will only do something favorable; you are a kind and generous brother, and a kind and generous nephew!’ The Prophet<\/strong> (e) said: ‘Go - you are free to do as you wish.’<\/strong> (Baihaqi #18055)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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30. Patience<\/strong>: The Messenger of God (e) was the epitome of patience. He was patient with his people before calling them to Islam; for they would worship idols and do sinful acts. He was patient and tolerant with the abuse and harm the pagans of Makkah inflicted on him and his Companions and sought the reward of God. He was also patient and tolerant with the abuse of the hypocrites in Madeenah.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

His patience was severely tested when he lost his loved ones.  His wife, Khadeejah, died during his lifetime, as did all his children, save his daughter, Fatimah. His uncle Hamzah and Abu Talib passed away as well. The Prophet (e) was patient and sought the reward of God. Anas b. Malik said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘We entered the house of Abu Saif - the blacksmith - with the Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e). Abu Saif’s wife was the wet-nurse of his son, Ibraheem. The Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) lifted his son Ibraheem, and smelled and kissed him. After a while he went and saw his son again - he was dying. The Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) started to cry. Abdurrahmaan b. Auf said: ‘O Prophet of God, you too cry!’ The Messenger<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) said: ‘O Ibn Auf, this is a mercy’ - the Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) shed more tears and said: ‘The eyes shed tears, the heart is saddened, and we only say what pleases our Lord, and we are saddened by your death, O Ibraheem!’<\/strong> (Bukhari #1241) <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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31. Justice and Fairness<\/strong>: The Messenger of God (e) was just and fair in every aspect of his life and in the application of the religion. A’ishah said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The people of Quraish were extremely concerned about a Makhzoomi woman (i.e. the woman from the tribe of Makhzoom) who committed a theft. They conversed among themselves and said, ‘Who can intercede on her behalf with the Messenger of God (e)?’<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

They finally said: ‘Who dares to speak to the Messenger of God (e) in this matter except Usamah b. Zaid, the most beloved young man to the Messenger of God (e).’ So Usamah spoke to the Messenger of God (e) regarding the woman. The Messenger of God (e) said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘O Usamah! Do you intercede (on their behalf to disregard) one of God’s castigations and punishments!’ <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Messenger of God (e) got up and delivered a speech, saying:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘People before you were destroyed because when the noble among them stole, they would let him go; and if the poor and weak stole they would punish him. By God! If Fatimah, the daughter of Muhammad stole, I would cut her hand off.’<\/strong>   (Bukhari #3288)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Messenger of God (e) was just and fair and allowed others to avenge themselves if he harmed them. Usaid b. Hudhair said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘A man from the Ansar, was cracking jokes with people and making them laugh, and the Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) passed by him and poked his side lightly with a branch of a tree that he was carrying. The man exclaimed: ‘O Prophet of God! Allow me to avenge myself!’ The Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) said: ‘Go Ahead!’ The man said: ‘O Messenger of God, you are wearing a garment, and I was not when you poked me [i.e. you jabbed my exposed skin, so it is only fair I do the same to you]!’ The Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) raised his upper garment [to expose his side], and the Ansari [merely] kissed it, saying: ‘I only meant to do this, O Messenger of God!’<\/strong>   (Abu Dawood #5224)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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32. Fearing God, and Being Mindful of Him<\/strong>: The Messenger of God (e) was the most mindful person of God. Abdullah bin Masoud said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘[Once] the Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) said to me: ‘Recite to me from the Qur’an!’ Abdullah b. Masood said: ‘Shall I recite it to you, while it was you to whom it was revealed?!’ The Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) said: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘I started to recite Surat an-Nisaa[23]<\/strong><\/a>, until I reached the verse: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(How then if We brought from each nation a witness, and We brought you as a witness against these people!<\/strong>) <\/strong>(4:41)<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Upon hearing this verse, the Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) said: ‘That is enough!’ Abdullah b. Masood said, ‘I turned around and saw the Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) crying.’ ” <\/strong>  (Bukhari #4763)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

A’ishah said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘If the Messenger of God (e) saw dark clouds in the sky; he would pace forwards and backwards and would exit and enter his house. As soon as it rained, the Prophet (e) would relax. A’ishah asked him about it, and he said: ‘I do not know, it may be as some people said: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(Then, when they saw the (penalty in the shape of) a cloud traversing the sky, coming to meet their valleys, they said: ‘This cloud will give us rain! Nay, it is the <\/strong>(calamity<\/strong>) you were asking to be hastened! A wind wherein is a Grievous Penalty!<\/strong>)[24]<\/a> (46:24)<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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33. Richness and Contentment of the Heart<\/strong>: Umar b. al-Khattab said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘I entered the Messenger’s house<\/strong> <\/strong>and I found him sitting on a mat. He had a leather pillow stuffed with fibers. He had a pot of water by his feet, and there was some clothes hung on the wall. His side had marks due to the mat that he lay on. Umar wept when he saw this, and the Messenger<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) asked him: ‘Why do you weep?’ Umar said: ‘O Prophet of God! Khosrau and Caesar enjoy the best of this world, and you are suffering in poverty?!’ He said: ‘Aren’t you pleased that they enjoy this world, and we will enjoy the Hereafter?’<\/strong>   (Bukhari #4629)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

34. Hoping for Goodness, Even for his Enemies<\/strong>: A’ishah said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘I asked the Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e): "Did you face a day harder and more intense than the Battle of Uhud?” He replied: ‘I suffered a lot from your people! The worst I suffered was on the Day of al-’Aqabah when I spoke to Ali b. Abd Yaleel b. Abd Kilaal (in order to support me) but he disappointed me and left me. I left the area while I was quite worried, and walked - when I reached an area called Qarn ath-Tha’alib<\/em>, I raised my head to the sky and noticed a cloud that shaded me. Gabriel<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) called me and said: ‘O Muhammad! God, the Exalted, has heard what your people have said to you - and has sent the Angel in charge of the mountains, so you can command him to do what you please.’ The Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) said: ‘The Angel in charge of the mountains called me saying: ‘May God praise you and keep safe from all evil! O Muhammad, I will do whatever you command me to do. If you like I can bring the Akhshabain<\/em> mountains together and crush them all.’ The Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) said: ‘It may be that God raises from among them a progeny who worship God alone and associate no partners with Him.’   <\/strong>(Bukhari #3059)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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The Prophet’s Manners with Those around Him<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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1. The Prophet’s close relations with his Companions<\/strong>: The Prophet was very close to his companions, and this is well-known when one reads the detailed reports about the Prophet’s biography. The Prophet (e) is the example which we should emulate in all our matters. Jareer b. Abdullah said: ‘The Prophet (e) did not prevent me from sitting with him since I accepted Islam. He always smiled when he looked at me. I once complained to him that I could not ride a horse and he hit me in my chest and supplicated God, saying:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘O God! Steady him, and make him a person who guides others and a source of guidance.’<\/strong>   (Bukhari #5739)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2. The Prophet<\/strong> (e) would entertain his Companions and joke with them<\/strong>: Al-Hasan said: ‘An old woman came to the Prophet (e) and said: “O Messenger of God, ask God to admit me into the Heavenly Gardens.” He said: “Old women will not enter the Heavenly Gardens!” She then walked away crying. The Prophet (e) said: “Tell her that she will not enter the Heavenly Gardens <\/em>as an old woman, for Allah says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(Verily, We have created them (maidens) of special creation. And made them virgins. Loving (their husbands only), (and) of equal age.<\/strong>)   [56:35-7]<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet (e) did not only verbally entertain and joke with his companions, but sported and amused them as well. Anas b. Malik said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘A Bedouin named Zahir b. Haram would give gifts to the Prophet (e) and he would prepare things for him as well. The Prophet (e) said: ‘Zahir is our desert, and we are his city.’ <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet (e) approached him while he was selling his goods, and the Prophet (e) hugged him from behind, and he could not see him. He then said: ‘Let me go!’ When he knew that it was the Prophet (e) who was hugging him, he pressed his back towards the Messenger’s chest! The Messenger of God (e) then said: ‘Who will buy this slave from me?’ Zahir said: ‘O Messenger of God, I am worthless!’ The Messenger of God e said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘You are not considered worthless by God!’ or he said: ‘You are valuable and precious to God.’ <\/strong>(Ibn Hibban #5790)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3. He would consult his Companions<\/strong>: The Prophet (e) would consult his Companions, and take their opinions and points of view into consideration in issues and matters for which no textual proofs were revealed. Abu Hurairah said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘I have not seen a person more keen for the sincere advice of his companions than the Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e).’  <\/strong> (Tirmidthi #1714)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

4. Visiting the sick, whether he was Muslim or non-Muslim<\/strong>: The Prophet (e) was concerned about his Companions and would make sure that they were well. If he was told about a Companion who was sick, he would rush to visit him with the Companions that were present with him. He wouldn’t only visit the Muslims who were sick; rather, he would even visit non-Muslims. Anas b. Malik said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘A Jewish boy would serve the Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) and he fell sick, so the Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) said: ‘Let us go and visit him.’ They went to visit him, and found his father sitting by his head, and the Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) said: ‘proclaim that there is no true god worthy of being worshipped except Allah alone’ and I will intercede on your behalf on account of it on the Day of Resurrection.’ The boy looked at his father, and the father said: ‘Obey Abul-Qasim![25]<\/strong><\/a>’ so the boy uttered: ‘There is no true god worthy of being worshipped except Allah alone and Muhammad<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) is the last Messenger.’ The Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) said: ‘All praise is due to God, Who saved him from the Fire of Hell.’<\/strong>   (Ibn Hibban #2960)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

5. He was grateful for people’s goodness towards him, and would reward that generously<\/strong>: Abdullah b. Umar said that the Messenger of God (e) said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘Whoever seeks refuge with God against your evil, then do not harm him. Whoever asks you by God, then give him. Whoever invites you, then accept his invitation. Whoever does a favor for you or an act of kindness, then repay him in a similar manner; but if you do not find that which you can reward him with, then supplicate God for him continuously, until you think you have repaid him.’<\/strong>   (Ahmed #6106)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

A’ishah said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) would accept gifts, and reward generously on account of that.’<\/strong> (Bukhari #2445)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

6. The Messenger’s love for everything which is beautiful and good<\/strong>: Anas said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The hand of the Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) was softer than any silk that I had ever touched, and his scent was sweeter than any perfume that I had ever smelt.’<\/strong>   (Bukhari #3368)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

7. The Messenger of God<\/strong> (e) loved to help others by interceding on their behalf<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abdullah b. Abbas said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The husband of Bareerah was a slave whose name was Mugheeth - I saw him walking behind her in the streets of Madeenah crying, and his tears were falling off his beard. The Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) said to Al-Abbas: ‘Doesn’t it amaze you, how much Mugheeth loves Bareerah, and how much she dislikes Mugheeth!’ <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) said to Bareerah: ‘Why don’t you go back to him?’ She said to him: ‘Are you commanding me to do so?’ He said: ‘No, but I am interceding on his behalf.’ She said: ‘I have no need for him.’ <\/strong>  (Bukhari # 4875)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

8. The Messenger of God<\/strong> (e) would serve himself<\/strong>: A’ishah said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘I was asked how the Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) behaved in his house.’ She said: ‘He was like any man; he washed his clothes, milked his sheep, and served himself.’<\/strong>   (Ahmed 24998)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet’s excellent manners, not only made him serve himself; rather, he would serve others as well. A’ishah said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘I was asked how the Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) behaved in his house.’ She said: ‘He would help out in the house with the daily chores, and when he heard the Adthan he would leave [everything and head] for the Mosque.’<\/strong>  (Bukhari 5048)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Statements of Justice and Equity:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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1. The German Poet, Wolfgang Göethe[26]<\/strong><\/a>,<\/strong> said: ‘I looked into history for a human paradigm and found it to be in Muhammad e.’<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2. Professor Keith Moore[27]<\/strong><\/a>,<\/strong> said in his book: The Developing Human<\/em>:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

It is clear to me that these statements must have come to Muhammad from God, or Allah, because most of this knowledge was not discovered until many centuries later. This proves to me that Muhammad must have been a messenger of God, or Allah.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

He further said: ‘I have no difficulty in my mind reconciling that this is a divine inspiration or revelation, which lead him to these statements.’<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3. Dr. Maurice Bucaille[28]<\/strong><\/a>,<\/strong> said in his book: The Qur<\/em>’<\/em>an, and Modern Science<\/em>:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

A totally objective examination of it [the Qur’an] in the light of modern knowledge, leads us to recognize the agreement between the two, as has been already noted on repeated occasions. It makes us deem it quite unthinkable for a man of Muhammad’s time to have been the author of such statements, on account of the state of knowledge in his day. Such considerations are part of what gives the Qur’anic Revelation its unique place, and forces the impartial scientist to admit his inability to provide an explanation which calls solely upon materialistic reasoning.’<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

4. Annie Besant<\/strong>[29]<\/a> in The Life and Teachings of Mohammad<\/em>, said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

It is impossible for anyone who studies the life and character of the great Prophet of Arabia, who knew how he taught and how he lived, to feel anything but reverence for the mighty Prophet, one of the great messengers of the Supreme. And although in what I put to you I shall say many things which may be familiar to many, yet I myself feel, whenever I reread them, a new way of admiration, a new sense of reverence for that mighty Arabian teacher.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

5. Dr. Gustav Weil<\/strong> in History of the Islamic Peoples<\/em> said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Muhammad was a shining example to his people. His character was pure and stainless. His house, his dress, his food –they were characterized by a rare simplicity. So unpretentious was he that he would receive from his companions no special mark of reverence, nor would he accept any service from his slave which he could do for himself. He was accessible to all at all times. He visited the sick and was full of sympathy for all. Unlimited was his benevolence and generosity as also was his anxious care for the welfare of the community.[30]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

6. Maurice Gaudefroy<\/strong> said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Muhammad was a prophet, not a theologian, a fact so evident that one is loath to state it. The men who surrounded him and constituted the influential elite of the primate Muslim community, contented themselves with obeying the law that he had proclaimed in the name of Allah and with following his teaching and example.[31]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

7. Washington Irving[32]<\/strong><\/a>,<\/strong> said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

His military triumphs awakened no pride nor vain glory as they would have done had they been effected by selfish purposes. In the time of his greatest power he maintained the same simplicity of manner and appearance as in the days of his adversity. So far from affecting regal state, he was displeased if, on entering a room, any unusual testimonial of respect was shown to him.[33]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

8. Edmund Burke <\/strong>said: “The Muhammadan law, which is binding on all from the crowned head to the meanest subject, is a law interwoven with a system of the wisest, the most learned and the most enlightened jurisprudence that ever existed in the world.”[34]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Wives of the Prophet <\/strong>e:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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After the death of his first wife, Khadeejah, the Prophet (e) married eleven women; all were divorcees, except for A’ishah. Six of his wives were from the tribe of Quraish, and five were from different Arabian tribes. The Prophet (e) married these women for a number of reasons:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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1. Religious and legislative purpose<\/strong>: The Prophet (e) married Zainab b. Jahsh. The Arabs in the Era of Ignorance would prohibit a man from marrying the wife of his adopted son; they believed that the adopted son was like a man’s actual son in all aspects. The Prophet (e) married her, although she was previously the wife of his adopted son, Zaid b. Harithah. The Messenger of God (e) married her to abolish this belief. God, the Exalted, says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(And when you said to him to whom Allah had shown favor and to whom you had shown a favor: keep your wife to yourself and be careful of (your duty to) Allah; and you concealed in your soul what Allah would bring to light, and you feared men, and Allah had a greater right that you should fear Him. But when Zaid had accomplished his want of her, We gave have her to you as a wife, so that there should be no difficulty for the believers in respect of the wives of their adopted sons, when they have accomplished their want of them; and Allah’s command shall be fulfilled.<\/strong>.)   (33:37)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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2. Political reasons and for the spread of Islam, to invite people to Islam, and to gain the favor of the Arab tribes<\/strong>: The Messenger of God (e) married women from the largest and strongest Arab tribes. The Prophet (e) ordered his Companions to do this as well. The Prophet (e) said to Abdurrahmaan b. Auf:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘If they obey you (i.e. accept Islam) then marry the daughter of the head of the tribe.’<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Dr. Cahan said: ‘Some of the aspects of his life may seem confusing to us due to present day mentality. The Messenger is criticized due to his obsession of attaining worldly desires and his nine wives, whom he married after the death of his wife Khadeejah. It has been confirmed that most of these marriages were for political reasons, which were aimed to gain loyalty of some nobles, and tribes.’<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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3. Social reasons<\/strong>: The Prophet (e) married some of his Companions’ wives who had died, in battle or while on a mission to preach Islam. He married them even though they were older than him, and he did so to honor them and their husbands.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Veccia Vaglieri[35]<\/a> in her book ‘In Defense of Islam’ said: ‘Throughout the years of his youth, Muhammad (e) only married one woman, even though the sexuality of man is at its peak during this period. Although he lived in the society he lived in, wherein plural marriage was considered the general rule, and divorce was very easy - he only married one woman, although she was older than him. He was a faithful husband to her for twenty-five years, and did not marry another woman, except after her death. He at that time was fifty years old. He married each of his wives thereafter for a social or political purpose; such that he wanted to honor the pious women, or wanted the loyalty of certain tribes so that Islam would spread amongst them. All the wives Muhammad (e) married were not virgin, nor were they young or beautiful; except for A’ishah. So how can anyone claim that he was a lustful man? He was a man not a god. His wish to have a son may have also lead him to marry; for the children that he had from Khadeejah all died. Moreover, who undertook the financial responsibilities of his large family, without having large resources. He was just and fair towards them all and did not differentiate between them at all. He followed the practice of previous Prophets such as Moses, whom no one objected to their plural marriage. Is the reason why people object to the plural marriage of Muhammad (e) the fact that we know the minute details of his life, and know so little of the details of the lives of the Prophets before him?’<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Thomas Carlyle said: ‘Mahomet himself, after all that can be said about him, was not a sensual man. We shall err widely if we consider this man as a common voluptuary, intent mainly on base enjoyments,--nay on enjoyments of any kind.’[36]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Textual Proofs which support the Prophethood of Muhammad<\/strong> e <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Proofs from the Qur’an: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1. God, the Exalted, says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Messenger of Allah, and the last of the Prophets: and Allah has full knowledge of all things.<\/strong>)   (33:40)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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2. Jesus e gave the glad tidings of Prophet Muhammad in the Gospel. God, the Exalted, says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(And remember, Jesus, the son of Mary, said: "O Children of Israel! I am the Messenger of Allah (sent) to you, confirming the Law (which came) before me, and giving Glad Tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad." But when he came to them with Clear Signs they said, ‘This is evident sorcery!’<\/strong>)   (61:6)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Proofs from the Sunnah[37]<\/strong><\/a>: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet (e) said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘My example and the example of the Prophets before me is like a man who built a house, which he built and perfected except for the space of one block; people would go round the house and stare in awe at its perfection and say, ‘Had it not been for this space!’ The Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) said: ‘I am that brick, I am the last of Prophets.’ <\/strong>  (Bukhari #3342)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Previous Scriptures:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Ataa’ b. Yasaar, said: ‘I met Abdullah b. Amr b. al-Aas and I asked him:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘Tell me about the description of the Messenger of God (e) in the Torah.’ He said: ‘He is described in the Torah with some of what he is described in the Qur’an; ‘We have indeed sent you as a witness (over mankind) and one who gives glad-tidings, and warns others, and one who protects and safeguards the commoners. You are My slave and Messenger; I called you Mutawakkil<\/em> (The Trusted One). You are neither ill-mannered nor rude, nor do you raise your voice. You do not pay evil with evil; rather, you forgive and pardon. I will not collect his soul until I guide the nations, and until they say, ‘There is no true god worthy of being worshipped except God alone’ and until they clearly see the Truth.’   <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Ata said: I met Ka’b, the Rabbi, and asked him about this narration, and he did not differ with Abdullah b. Amr b. Al-Aas except for a minor difference in the wording of the narration.’   (Baihaqi #13079)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abdul-Ahad Dawud[38]<\/a>, said: ‘but I have tried to base my arguments on portions of the Bible which hardly allow of any linguistic dispute. I would not go to Latin, Greek, or Aramaic, for that would be useless: I just give the following quotation in the very words of the Revised Version as published by the British and Foreign Bible Society.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

We read the following words in the Book of Deuteronomy chapter xviii. verse 18: "I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee; and I will put my words in his mouth." If these words do not apply to Prophet Muhammad, they still remain unfulfilled. Prophet Jesus himself never claimed to be the Prophet alluded to. Even his disciples were of the same opinion: they looked to the second coming of Jesus for the fulfillment of the prophecy. So far it is undisputed that the first coming of Jesus was not the advent of the "prophet like unto thee," and his second advent can hardly fulfill the words. Jesus, as is believed by his Church, will appear as a Judge and not as a law-giver; but the promised one has to come with a "fiery law" in "his right hand."<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In ascertaining the personality of the promised prophet the other prophecy of Moses is, however, very helpful where it speaks of the shining forth of God from Paran, the mountain of Mecca. The words in the Book of Deuteronomy, chapter xxxiii. verse 2, run as follows: "The Lord came from Sinai, and rose up from Seir unto them; he shined forth from mount Paran, and he came with ten thousands of saints; from his right hand went a fiery law for them."<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In these words the Lord has been compared with the sun. He comes from Sinai, he rises from Seir, but he shines in his full glory from Paran, where he had to appear with ten thousands of saints with a fiery law in his right hand. None of the Israelites, including Jesus, had anything to do with Paran. Hagar, with her son Ishmael, wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba, who afterwards dwelt in the wilderness of Paran (Gen. xxi. 21). He married an Egyptian woman, and through his first-born, Kedar, gave descent to the Arabs who from that time till now are the dwellers of the wilderness of Paran. And if Prophet Muhammad admittedly on all hands traces his descent to Ishmael through Kedar and he appeared as a prophet in the wilderness of Paran and reentered Mecca with ten thousand saints and gave a fiery law to his people, is not the prophecy above-mentioned fulfilled to its very letter?<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The words of the prophecy in Habakkuk are especially noteworthy. His (the Holy One from Paran) glory covered the heavens and the earth was full of his praise. The word "praise" is very significant, as the very name Muhammad literally means "the praised one." Besides the Arabs, the inhabitants of the wilderness of Paran had also been promised a Revelation: "Let the wilderness and the cities thereof lift up their voice, the villages that Kedar doth inhabit: let the inhabitants of the rock sing, let them shout from the top of the mountains. Let them give glory unto the Lord, and declare His praise in the islands. The Lord shall go forth as a mighty man, he shall stir up jealousy like a man of war, he shall cry, yea, roar; he shall prevail against his enemies" (Isaiah).<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In connection with it there are two other prophecies worthy of note where references have been made to Kedar. The one runs thus in chapter 1x. of Isaiah: "Arise, shine for thy light is come, and the glory of the Lord is risen upon thee ... The multitude of camels shall cover thee, the dromedaries of Midian and Ephah; all they from Sheba shall come.. All the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered together unto thee, the rams of Nebaioth shall minister unto thee: they shall come up with acceptance on mine altar, and I will glorify the house of my glory" (1-7). The other prophecy is again in Isaiah "The burden upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, O ye travelling companies of Dedanim. The inhabitants of the land of Tema brought water to him that was thirsty, they prevented with their bread him that fled. For they fled from the swords and from the bent bow, and from the grievousness of war. For thus hath the Lord said unto me, Within a year, according to the years of an hireling, and all the glory of Kedar shall fail: And the residue of the number of archers, the mighty of the children of Kedar, shall be diminished" Read these prophecies in Isaiah in the light of one in Deuteronomy which speaks of the shining forth of God from Paran. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

If Ishmael inhabited the wilderness of Paran, where he gave birth to Kedar, who is the ancestor of the Arabs; and if the sons of Kedar had to receive revelation from God; if the flocks of Kedar had to come up with acceptance to a Divine altar to glorify "the house of my glory" where the darkness had to cover the earth for some centuries, and then that very land had to receive light from God; and if all the glory of Kedar had to fail and the number of archers, the mighty men of the children of Kedar, had to diminish within a year after the one fled from the swords and from the bent bows - the Holy One from Paran (Habakkuk iii 3 ) is no one else than Prophet Muhammad. Prophet Muhammad is the holy offspring of Ishmael through Kedar, who settled in the wilderness of Paran. Muhammad is the only Prophet through whom the Arabs received revelation at the time when the darkness had covered the earth. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Through him God shone from Paran, and Mecca is the only place where the House of God is glorified and the flocks of Kedar come with acceptance on its altar. Prophet Muhammad was persecuted by his people and had to leave Mecca. He was thirsty and fled from the drawn sword and the bent bow, and within a year after his flight the descendants of Kedar meet him at Badr, the place of the first battle between the Meccans and the Prophet, the children of Kedar and their number of archers diminish and all the glory of Kedar fails. If the Holy Prophet is not to be accepted as the fulfillment of all these prophecies they will still remain unfulfilled. "The house of my glory" referred to in Isaiah lX is the house of God in Mecca and not the Church of Christ as thought by Christian commentators. The flocks of Kedar, as mentioned in verse 7, have never come to the Church of Christ; and it is a fact that the villages of Kedar and their inhabitants are the only people in the whole world who have remained impenetrable to any influence of the Church of Christ. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Again, the mention of 10,000 saints in Deuteronomy xxx 3 is very significant. He (God) shined forth from Paran, and he came with 10,000 of saints. Read the whole history of the wilderness of Paran and you will find no other event but when Mecca was conquered by the Prophet. He comes with 10,000 followers from Medina and re-enters "the house of my glory." He gives the fiery law to the world, which reduced to ashes all other laws. The Comforter - the Spirit of Truth - spoken of by Prophet Jesus was no other than Prophet Muhammad himself. It cannot be taken as the Holy Ghost, as the Church theology says. "It is expedient for you that I go away," says Jesus, "for if I go not away the Comforter will not come unto you, but if I depart I will send him unto you." <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The words clearly show that the Comforter had to come after the departure of Jesus, and was not with him when he uttered these words. Are we to presume that Jesus was devoid of the Holy Ghost if his coming was conditional on the going of Jesus: besides, the way in which Jesus describes him makes him a human being, not a ghost. "He shall not speak of himself, but whatsoever he shall hear that he shall speak." Should we presume that the Holy Ghost and God are two distinct entities and that the Holy Ghost speaks of himself and also what he hears from God? The words of Jesus clearly refer to some messenger from God. He calls him the Spirit of Truth, and so the Koran speaks of Prophet Muhammad, "No, indeed, he has brought the truth, and confirmed the Messengers." Ch.37:37 [39]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Proofs from the New Testament <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

There are a number of passages in the New Testament which clearly refer to the coming of Muhammad (r) by implication through the nature of his actions or functions.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

*John, the Baptist<\/strong>: The Jews sent priests to him to find out who he was. ‘He confessed, “I am not the Christ.” And they asked him, ‘’What then? Are you Elijah?” And He said: “I am not.” Are you that Prophet<\/em>?’ And he answered, “No”…And they said to him: “Why do you baptize then, if you are not the Christ, nor Elijah, nor that Prophet<\/em>?’(John 1:20-25).<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

That Prophet is not Jesus, but Muhammad, because John the Baptist continued preaching and baptizing and foretelling the coming of that Prophet<\/em> during the life-time of Jesus.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

*Jesus<\/strong>: The Prophet Jesus foretold the coming of another Prophet, whose name would be ‘Periqlytos’ or ‘Paraclete’ or ‘Paracalon’ and who (that is, whose teaching) would last forever, ‘I will pray the Father, and He shall give you another Comforter (Periqlytos), that he may abide with you forever.’ (John XIV, 16).<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The word periqlytos means ‘illustrious, ‘renowned’ and ‘praiseworthy’ and this is exactly what the name ‘Ahmed’ means. It is confirmed in the Qur’an that the Prophet Jesus did prophesize that a Prophet named ‘Ahmed’ would come after him. God, the Exalted, says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(And remember when Jesus the son of Mary, said: “O Children of Israel! I am the Messenger of Allah unto you, confirming the Torah which came before me, and giving glad tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmed.<\/strong>)   (61:6)  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Intellectual Proofs which Support the Prophethood of the Messenger of God<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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1. The Prophet<\/strong> (e) was unlettered<\/strong>. He did not know how to read or write. He lived among a people who were unlettered as well. Therefore one cannot claim that the Qur’an was authored by Muhammad (e)! God, the Exalted, says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(And you did not recite any Book before it, nor did you write one with your right hand; in that case the liars would have doubted.<\/strong>)   (29:48)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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2. The Arabs were challenged to bring forth something similar to the Qur’an, and they were unable to do so!<\/strong> The beauty, structure and deep meanings of the Qur’an amazed the Arabs. The Qur’an is the everlasting miracle of Muhammad (e). The Messenger of God (e) said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The miracles of the Prophets (before Muhammad<\/strong> <\/strong>e) were confined to their times. The miracle I have been given is the Qur’an, which is everlasting; therefore, I hope to have the most followers.’<\/strong>   (Bukhari 4598)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Even though his people were eloquent and well known for their awesome poetry, God challenged them to produce similar to the Qur’an, but they couldn’t. God then challenged them to produce a chapter similar to it, and they couldn’t.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n


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God says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 (And if you are in doubt as to what We have sent down to Our slave, then produce a chapter like it, and call upon your helpers beside Allah, if you are truthful.<\/strong>)   (2:23)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

God challenges mankind at large to bring forth similar to the Qur’an. God says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(Say, ‘if mankind and the Jinn gathered together to produce the like of this Qur’an, they could not produce the like thereof, even though they should help one another.<\/strong>)   (17:88)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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3. The Prophet<\/strong> e continued preaching and calling people to Islam, even though he faced many hardships and was confronted by his people, who were plotting to kill him.<\/strong> Yet the Prophet e continued preaching, and was patient. If he was an imposter - he would stop preaching and would have feared for his life.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

W. Montgomery Watt<\/strong> said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

His readiness to undergo persecution for his beliefs, the high moral character of the men who believed in him and looked up to him as a leader, and the greatness of his ultimate achievement - all argue his fundamental integrity. To suppose Muhammad an impostor raises more problems that it solves. Moreover, none of the great figures of history is so poorly appreciated in the West as Muhammad.... Thus, not merely must we credit Muhammad with essential honesty and integrity of purpose, if we are to understand him at all; if we are to correct the errors we have inherited from the past, we must not forget the conclusive proof is a much stricter requirement than a show of plausibility, and in a matter such as this only to be attained with difficulty.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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4. Every person loves the ornaments and beauties of this life, and would be swayed by these things.<\/strong> God, the Exalted, says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(Beautified for men is the love of desired things –women and children, and stored-up heaps of gold and silver, and pastured horses and cattle and crops. That is the provision of the present life; but it is God with Whom is an excellent abode.<\/strong>)   (3:14)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Man, by his nature, is keen in acquiring ornaments and beauties of this world. People differ in the method they use to acquire these things. Some would resort to using lawful means to gain these things, while others would resort to using unlawful means to acquire these things.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

If this is known (you should know that) Quraish tried to persuade the Prophet (e) to stop calling people to Islam. They told him that they would make him the master of Quraish, marry him to the most beautiful women, and make him the most affluent man amongst them. He responded to these tempting offers, saying:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘By God, if they place the sun in my right hand, and the moon in my left hand to leave this matter, I would not leave it, until God makes it apparent, or I am killed calling people to it.’  <\/strong> (Ibn Hisham)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Were the Prophet e an impostor he would have accepted this offer without hesitation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Thomas Carlyle, <\/strong>said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

They called him a prophet, you say? Why, he stood there face to face with them, here, not enshrined in any mystery, visibly clouting his own cloak, cobbling his own shoes, fighting, counseling ordering in the midst of them. They must have seen what kind of a man he was, let him be called what ye like. No emperor with his tiaras was obeyed as this man in a cloak of his own clouting. During three and twenty ears of rough, actual trial, I find something of a veritable hero necessary for that of itself.[40]<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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5. It is well known that subjects and wealth of a kingdom are subjected to the will of the king, and his service.<\/strong> As for Muhammad (e) he knew that this life was a transitory stage. Ibraheem b. Alqamah said that Abdullah said: ‘The Prophet (e) lay down on a straw mat which had marked his side, so I said: ‘O Messenger of God! I ransom you with my mother and father! Allow us to put bedding on this mat that you lay on, so your side would not be affected and marked.’ The Prophet (e) said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘My example in this life is like a rider who took rest under the shade of a tree then continued on his journey.’<\/strong>   (Ibn Majah #4109)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

An-Nu’man b. Basheer said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘I saw your Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) (during a time) when he was not able to even find low quality dates to fill his stomach.’ <\/strong>  (Muslim #2977)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abu Hurairah said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The Messenger of God<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) never filled his stomach for three consecutive days until his death.’<\/strong>   (Bukhari #5059)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Even though the Arabian Peninsula was under his control, and he was the source of goodness for its people, the Prophet (e) would at some times not find food to suffice him. His wife, A’ishah said that the Prophet (e) bought some food from a Jew (and agreed to pay him at a later time) and he gave him his armor as collateral.’   (Bukhari #2088)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This does not mean that he could not obtain what he wanted; for the moneys and wealth would be placed in front of him in his Masjid, and he would not move from his spot, until he distributed it amongst the poor and needy. Among his Companions were those who were wealthy and affluent - they would rush to serve him and would give up the most valuable of things for him. The reason the Prophet (e) renounced the riches of this world, was because he knew the reality of this life. He said: ‘The likeness of this world to the Hereafter, is like a person who dipped his finger in the ocean - let him see what would return.’   (Muslim #2858)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Reverend Bosworth Smith<\/strong> said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

If ever a man ruled by a right divine, it was Muhammad, for he had all the powers without their supports. He cared not for the dressings of power. The simplicity of his private life was in keeping with his public life.[41]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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6. Certain incidents would befall the Prophet of God<\/strong> (e) which would need clarification, and he would not be able to do anything because he did not receive revelation regarding it.<\/strong> During this period (i.e. between the incident and revelation) he would be exhausted. One such incident is the incident of Ifk’<\/em>[42]<\/a> wherein the Prophet’s wife A’ishah was accused of being treacherous. The Prophet (e) did not receive revelation concerning this incident for one month; during which his enemies talked ill of him, until revelation was revealed and the innocence of A’ishah was declared. Were the Prophet (e) an imposter he would have resolved this incident the minute it came about. God says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(Nor does he speak out of desire.<\/strong>)   (53:3) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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7. The Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) did not ask people to adulate him.<\/strong> On the contrary, the Prophet (e) would not be pleased if a person adulated him in any way. Anas said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘There was no individual more beloved to the Companions than the Messenger of God.’ He said: ‘If they saw him, they would not stand up for him, because they knew he disliked that.’ <\/strong>  (Tirmidthi #2754)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Washington Irving, <\/strong>said: ‘His military triumphs awakened no pride nor vain glory as they would have done had they been effected by selfish purposes. In the time of his greatest power he maintained the same simplicity of manner and appearance as in the days of his adversity. So far from affecting regal state, he was displeased if, on entering a room, any unusual testimonial of respect was shown to him.’<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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8. Some verses from the Qur’an were revealed in which the Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) was blamed and admonished,<\/strong> due to some incident or happening; such as:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

a. The words of God, the Exalted:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(O Prophet! Why do you forbid (for yourself) that which God has allowed to you, seeking to please your wives? And God is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.<\/strong>) (66:1)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet (e) abstained from eating honey, due to the behavior of some of his wives. God then admonished him because he forbade upon himself what God deemed lawful.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

b. God, the Exalted, says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(May God forgive you (O Muhammad). Why did you grant them leave (for remaining behind; you should have persisted as regards your order to them to proceed on Jihad) until those who told the truth were seen by you in a clear light, and you had known the liars?<\/strong>)  (9:43)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

God admonished the Prophet (e) because he quickly accepted the false excuses of the hypocrites who lagged behind in the Battle of Tabook. He forgave them and accepted their excuses, without verifying them.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

c. God, the Exalted, says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(It is not for a Prophet that he should have prisoners of war (and free them with ransom) until he had made a great slaughter (among his enemies) in the land. You desire the good of this world, but God desires for you the Hereafter. And God is All-Mighty, All-Wise.<\/strong>)  <\/strong>(8:67)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

d. God, the Exalted, says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(Not for you (O Muhammad, but for God) is the decision; whether He turns in mercy, to (pardon) them or punishes them; verily, they are the wrong-doers.<\/strong>) <\/strong>(3:128)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

e. God, the Exalted, says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(The Prophet frowned and turned away. Because there came to him the blind man. And how can you know that he might become pure from sins? Or he might receive admonition, and the admonition might profit him?<\/strong>)   <\/strong>(80:1-4) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abdullah b. Umm Maktoom, who was blind, came to the Prophet (e) while he was preaching to one or some of the Quraish leaders, and the Prophet (e) frowned and turned away - and God admonished him on account of that.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Therefore, were the Prophet (e) an imposter, these verses would not be found in the Qur’an.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall<\/strong> said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

One day when the Prophet was in conversation with one of the great men of Qureysh, seeking to persuade him of the truth of Al-Islam, a blind man came and asked him a question concerning the faith. The Prophet was annoyed at the interruption, frowned and turned away from the blind man. In this Surah he is told that a man’s importance is not to be judged from his appearance or worldly station.[43]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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9. One of the sure signs of his Prophethood is found in the Chapter of Lahab<\/em> (chapter 111) in the Qur’an.<\/strong> In it God, the Exalted, condemned Abu Lahab (the Prophet’s uncle) to the torment of Hell. This chapter was revealed during the early stages of his Da’wah<\/em> (call to Islam). Were the Prophet (e) an imposter he would not issue a ruling like this; since his uncle might accept Islam afterwards!<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Dr. Gary Miller<\/strong> says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

For example, the Prophet (e) had an uncle by the name of Abu Lahab. This man hated Islam to such an extent that he used to follow the Prophet around in order to discredit him. If Abu Lahab saw the Prophet (e) speaking to a stranger, he would wait until they parted and then would go back to the stranger and ask him, ‘What did he tell you? Did he say black? Well, it’s white. Did he say ‘Morning?’ Well, it’s night.’ He faithfully said the exact opposite of whatever he heard Muhammad (e) say. However, about ten years before Abu Lahab died a little chapter in the Qur’an was revealed to him. It distinctly stated that he would go to the Fire (i.e. Hell). In other words, it affirmed that he would never become a Muslim and would therefore be condemned forever. For ten years all Abu Lahab had to do was say, ‘I heard that it has been revealed to Muhammad that I will never change – that I will never become a Muslim and will enter the Hellfire. Well I want to become a Muslim now. How do you like that? What do you think of your divine revelation now?’ But he never did that. And yet, that is exactly the kind of behavior one would have expected from him since he always sought to contradict Islam. In essence, Muhammad (e) said: ‘You hate me and you want to finish me? Here, say these words, and I am finished. Come on, say them!’ But Abu Lahab never said them. Ten years! And in all that time he never accepted Islam or even became sympathetic to the Islamic cause. How could Muhammad possibly have known for sure that Abu Lahab would fulfill the Qur’anic revelation if he (i.e. Muhammad) was not truly the Messenger of Allah? How could he possibly have been so confident as to give someone ten years to discredit his claim of Prophethood? The only answer is that he was Allah’s Messenger; for in order to put forth such a risky challenge, one has to be entirely convinced that he has a divine revelation.[44]<\/a>     <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

10. The Prophet (e) is called: ‘Ahmed’ in a verse of the Qur’an instead of ‘Muhammad’. God, the Exalted, says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(And remember when Eesa, son of Maryam said: ‘O Children of Israel! I am the Messenger of God unto you, confirming the Torah which came before me, and giving glad tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmed. But when he came to them with clear proofs, they said: ‘This is plain magic.’<\/strong>)  (61:6) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Were he an imposter, the name ‘Ahmed’ would not have been mentioned in the Qur’an, since he was known as ‘Muhammad’ amongst his people.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

11. The religion of Islam still exists today and is spreading all over the Globe.<\/strong> Thousands of people embrace Islam and prefer it over all other religions. This happens even though the callers to Islam are not financially backed as expected; and in spite of the efforts of the enemies of Islam to halt the spread of Islam. God, the Exalted, says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

(Verily, We sent down the Reminder (i.e. the Qur’an) and surely, We will guard it from corruption.<\/strong>)   (15:9)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Thomas Carlyle<\/strong> said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

A false man found a religion? Why, a false man cannot build a brick house! If he does not know and follow truly the properties of mortar, burnt clay and what else he works in, it is no house that he makes, but a rubbish-heap. It will not stand for twelve centuries, to lodge a hundred and eighty millions; it will fall straightway. A man must conform himself to Nature’s laws, _be_ verily in communion with Nature and the truth of things, or Nature will answer him, No, not at all! Speciosities are specious--ah me!--a Cagliostro, many Cagliostros, prominent world-leaders, do prosper by their quackery, for a day. It is like a forged bank-note; they get it passed out of _their_ worthless hands: others, not they, have to smart for it. Nature bursts up in fire-flames; French Revolutions and such like, proclaiming with terrible veracity that forged notes are forged. But of a Great Man especially, of him I will venture to assert that it is incredible he should have been other than true. It seems to me the primary foundation of him, and of all that can lie in him, this.[45]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Prophet e preserved the Qur’an, after God had preserved it in the Books, chests of men generation after generation. Indeed memorizing and reciting it, learning and teaching it are among the things Muslims are very keen on doing, for the Prophet e said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘The best of you are those who learn the Qur’an and teach it.’<\/strong>   (Bukhari #4639)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Many have tried to add and omit verses from the Qur’an, but they have never been successful; for these mistakes are discovered almost immediately.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As for the Sunnah of the Messenger of God (e) which is the second source of legislation in Islam, it has been preserved by trustworthy pious men. They spent their lives gathering these traditions, and scrutinizing them to separate the weak from the authentic; they even clarified which narrations were fabricated. Whoever looks at the books written in the science of Hadeeth will realize this, and that the narrations that are authentic are in fact authentic.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Michael Hart[46]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong> says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Muhammad founded and promulgated one of the world’s great religions[47]<\/a>, and became an immensely effective political leader. Today, thirteen centuries after his death, his influence is still powerful and pervasive.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

12. Veracity and truthfulness of his principles and that they are good and suitable for every time and place. <\/strong>The results of the application of Islam are clear and well known, which in turn testify that it is indeed a revelation from God. Furthermore, is it not possible for Prophet Muhammad (e) to be a Prophet, as many Prophets and Messengers were sent before him? If the answer to this query is that there is nothing that prevents this - we then ask, ‘why do you reject his Prophethood, and confirm the Prophethood of the Prophets before him?’<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

13. Man cannot bring about laws similar to the laws of Islam which deal with every aspect of life, such as transactions, marriage, social conduct, politics, acts of worship and the like. <\/strong>So, how can an unlettered man bring something like this? Isn’t this a clear proof and sign of his Prophethood?<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

14. The Prophet<\/strong> <\/strong>(e) did not start calling people to Islam until he turned forty years old. <\/strong>His youth had passed and the age in which he should have rest and spend his time leisurely, was the age in which he was commissioned as a Prophet and charged with the dissemination of Islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Thomas Carlyle,<\/strong> said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

It goes greatly against the impostor theory, the fact that he lived in this entirely unexceptionable, entirely quiet and commonplace way, till the heat of his years was done. He was forty before he talked of any mission from Heaven. All his irregularities, real and supposed, date from after his fiftieth year, when the good Kadijah died. All his "ambition," seemingly, had been, hitherto, to live an honest life; his "fame," the mere good opinion of neighbors that knew him, had been sufficient hitherto. Not till he was already getting old, the prurient heat of his life all burnt out, and _peace_ growing to be the chief thing this world could give him, did he start on the "career of ambition;" and, belying all his past character and existence, set up as a wretched empty charlatan to acquire what he could now no longer enjoy! For my share, I have no faith whatever in that.[48]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

SSSS<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

We conclude this research with the words of Alphonse de LaMartaine[49]<\/a> in ‘Historie de al Turquie’:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Never has a man set for himself, voluntarily or involuntarily, a more sublime aim, since this aim was superhuman; to subvert superstitions which had been imposed between man and his Creator, to render God unto man and man unto God; to restore the rational and sacred idea of divinity amidst the chaos of the material and disfigured gods of idolatry, then existing. Never has a man undertaken a work so far beyond human power with so feeble means, for he (Muhammad) had in the conception as well as in the execution of such a great design, no other instrument than himself and no other aid except a handful of men living in a corner of the desert. Finally, never has a man accomplished such a huge and lasting revolution in the world, because in less than two centuries after its appearance, Islam, in faith and in arms, reigned over the whole of Arabia, and conquered, in God’s name, Persia Khorasan, Transoxania, Western India, Syria, Egypt, Abyssinia, all the known continent of Northern Africa, numerous islands of the Mediterranean Sea, Spain, and part of Gaul. "If greatness of purpose, smallness of means, and astonishing results are the three criteria of a human genius, who could dare compare any great man in history with Muhammad? The most famous men created arms, laws, and empires only. They founded, if anything at all, no more than material powers which often crumbled away before their eyes. This man moved not only armies, legislations, empires, peoples, dynasties, but millions of men in one-third of the then inhabited world; and more than that, he moved the altars, the gods, the religions, the ideas, the beliefs and the souls. "On the basis of a Book, every letter which has become law, he created a spiritual nationality which blends together peoples of every tongue and race. He has left the indelible characteristic of this Muslim nationality the hatred of false gods and the passion for the One and Immaterial God. This avenging patriotism against the profanation of Heaven formed the virtue of the followers of Muhammad; the conquest of one-third the earth to the dogma was his miracle; or rather it was not the miracle of man but that of reason. "The idea of the unity of God, proclaimed amidst the exhaustion of the fabulous theogonies, was in itself such a miracle that upon it’s utterance from his lips it destroyed all the ancient temples of idols and set on fire one-third of the world. His life, his meditations, his heroic reveling against the superstitions of his country, and his boldness in defying the furies of idolatry, his firmness in enduring them for fifteen years in Mecca, his acceptance of the role of public scorn and almost of being a victim of his fellow countrymen: all these and finally, his flight, his incessant preaching, his wars against odds, his faith in his success and his superhuman security in misfortune, his forbearance in victory, his ambition, which was entirely devoted to one idea and in no manner striving for an empire; his endless prayers, his mystic conversations with God, his death and his triumph after death; all these attest not to an imposture but to a firm conviction which gave him the power to restore a dogma. This dogma was twofold the unity of God and the immateriality of God: the former telling what God is, the latter telling what God is not; the one overthrowing false gods with the sword, the other starting an idea with words. "Philosopher, Orator, Apostle, Legislator, Conqueror of Ideas, Restorer of Rational beliefs....The founder of twenty terrestrial empires and of one spiritual empire that is Muhammad. As regards all standards by which human greatness may be measured, we may well ask, is there any man greater than he?’<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

All Praise is due to Allah alone, the Lord of the Worlds<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

And may God praise His Prophet and his household, and keep him safe from all evil.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

If you would like to receive more information about Islam, do not hesitate to contact us:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1) Email:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

en@islamland.org<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

2) You may also visit the following sites:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

www.islamland.org<\/a>              <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

www.islamreligion.com<\/a>                   <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

www.islam-guide.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

www.missionislam.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

www.sultan.org<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

www.islamtoday.com<\/a>    <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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[1]<\/a>  The actual word used in the Qur'an is Rubb<\/em>. There is no proper equivalent for Rubb<\/em> in the English language. It means the Creator, the Fashioner, the Provider, the One upon Whom all creatures depend for their means of subsistence, and the One Who gives life and causes death.  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[2]<\/a> This Arabic term means, “may God praise him and render him safe from all evil.”  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[3]<\/a> Brahmin: member of the highest of the four Hindu castes: the priestly caste.  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[4]<\/a> Fatimah was one of the daughters of the Prophet, may God praise him.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[5]<\/a> One of the Prophet’s close companions, and the second Caliph after his death.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[6]<\/a> Saa’: a measure of capacity equal to four handfuls of the two hands held together.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[7]<\/a> The word translated as religion is 'Deen<\/em>', which in Arabic commonly refers to a way of life, which is both private and public. It is an inclusive term meaning: acts of worship, political practice, and a detailed code of conduct, including hygiene or etiquette matters.  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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[8]<\/a>  He was the Emperor of the Byzantine Empire (610–641) who captured Syria, Palestine, and Egypt from Persia (613–628).  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[9]<\/a> This is a historic region in the Middle East bordering the Mediterranean. It is generally considered to include the modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Jordon. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[10]<\/a>  A wife of the Prophet (r).  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[11]<\/a> Khadeejah was the first wife of the Prophet.  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[12]<\/a> The narration of a statement, deed, tacit approval, or characteristic of the Prophet.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[13]<\/a> The closest companion to the Prophet (r) and the first Caliph of Islam after his death.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[14]<\/a>  Pilgrimage to Makkah.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[15]<\/a> Encyclopedia of Seerah, by Afzalur Rahman.  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[16]<\/a> A great scholar of Islam who wrote many works, including on the Biography of the Prophet (r).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[17]<\/a> Qadhi Eiyadh, ‘Al-Shifa bita’reefi Hoquooqil-Mostafa’<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[18]<\/a> According to Islamic etiquette. One should always begin from the right.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[19]<\/a> A town previously on the outskirts of Madeenah.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[20]<\/a>  It is prohibited for men to wear gold in Islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[21]<\/a> It was forbidden by God for the Prophet (r) or his family to accept any form of charity.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[22]<\/a> Ibn Hisham’s Biography, Vol. 1, p.493 [Arabic Edition].<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[23]<\/a> The fourth chapter of the Qur’an.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[24]<\/a> Bukhari #3034.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[25]<\/a> Another name of the Prophet (r).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[26]<\/a> German writer and scientist. A master of poetry, drama, and the novel. He also conducted scientific research in various fields, notably botany, and held several governmental positions.  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[27]<\/a> He was the former President of the Canadian Association of Anatomists, Department of anatomy and cell biology, University of Toronto.   <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[28]<\/a> Dr. Maurice Bucaille was an eminent French surgeon, scientist, scholar and author of ‘‘The Bible, The Qur’an and Science.’’  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[29]<\/a> English theosophist, philosopher, and political figure who advocated home rule and educational reforms in India.  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[30]<\/a> Encyclopedia of Seerah, by Afzalur-Rahman.  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[31]<\/a> ibid  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[32]<\/a>  He was a famous writer. He died in 1859.  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[33]<\/a> Encyclopedia of Seerah, by Afzalur-Rahman.  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[34]<\/a> ibid  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[35]<\/a> A famous Italian Orientalist.  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[36]<\/a> ‘Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History’<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[37]<\/a> Sunnah: the narration of the speech, actions, characteristics, or tacit approvals of the Prophet.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[38]<\/a> He was Rev. David Benjamin Keldani, B.D. A Roman Catholic priest of the Uniate-Chaldean sect. He was born in 1867 at Urmia in Persia.  <\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[39]<\/a> Muhammad in the Bible, Abdul-Ahad Dawud.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[40]<\/a> ‘Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History’<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[41]<\/a> Muhammad and Muhammadanism.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[42]<\/a> i.e. The incident wherein the hypocrites falsely accused A’ishah, with whom Allah is pleased, of being unchaste.  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[43]<\/a> The Glorious Qur’an pg. 685<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[44]<\/a> The Amazing Qur’an<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[45]<\/a> ‘Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History’<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[46]<\/a>  ‘The 100’ A ranking of the most influential persons in history.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[47]<\/a>  We believe that Islam is a Divine revelation from Allah, and that Muhammad e did not found it.  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[48]<\/a> ‘Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History’<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[49]<\/a> He was a poet, a member of the provisional government, and a one-time presidential candidate.  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/div>","word":"\/uploads\/books\/Muhammad_the_Messenger_of_Allah-eng.doc","pdf":"\/uploads\/books\/Muhammad_the_Messenger_of_Allah-eng.pdf","keywords":"Muhammad (pbuh) the Messenger of Allah","read_counter":103175,"status":1,"is_volume":0,"created_at":"2013-12-04T09:05:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-03-09T04:53:51.000000Z","language_id":1,"publisher_id":8,"category_id":2,"volume_id":null,"parent_id":null,"promote":1,"volume_count":null,"volume_title":null,"order":1,"category":{"id":2,"title":"Muhammad (PBUH)","created_at":"2017-08-17T19:18:15.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-02-12T22:28:43.000000Z","slug":"Muhammad-(PBUH)","i18ns":[],"get_title":"Muhammad (PBUH)"},"authors":[{"id":2,"name":"Dr. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Abd Al-Karim Ash-Sheha","slug":"ash_sheha","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":null,"promote":1,"status":1,"created_at":"2013-12-02T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-11-10T08:42:34.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"pivot":{"book_id":21,"author_id":2},"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"Dr. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Abd Al-Karim Ash-Sheha"}],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/books\/images\/2025\/1\/yellow-gold-simple-and-vintage-book-cover-document-wattpad-book-cover-1.png","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/books\/Muhammad_the_Messenger_of_Allah-eng.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/books\/Muhammad_the_Messenger_of_Allah-eng.doc","author_id":"","author_name":"Dr. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Abd Al-Karim Ash-Sheha","book_title":"Muhammad (pbuh) the Messenger of Allah","category_slug":"Muhammad-(PBUH)","category_name":"Muhammad (PBUH)"},{"id":18,"title":"The Key to Understanding Islam","slug":"the-key-to-understanding-islam-1432798897","image":"\/uploads\/books\/images\/2025\/1\/brown-blue-dark-gradient-simple-al-isra-wal-miraj-countdown-instagram-story-instagram-story-1.png","hint":"

This book makes the readers aware about Islam, the Prophet Muhammad, the Islamic rites, Islam’s attitude towards the Prophet Jesus and his mother (peace be upon him).<\/p>","arabic_notes":"

\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641:<\/span>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629:<\/span> \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644<\/span><\/strong>
\r\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 - \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 -\u060c \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 - \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 -\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/div>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>","book_text":null,"word":"","pdf":"\/uploads\/books\/the_key_to_understanding_islam-eng.pdf","keywords":null,"read_counter":118490,"status":1,"is_volume":0,"created_at":"2013-12-04T15:42:10.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-03-09T06:18:51.000000Z","language_id":1,"publisher_id":8,"category_id":1,"volume_id":null,"parent_id":null,"promote":1,"volume_count":null,"volume_title":null,"order":1,"category":{"id":1,"title":"Introducing Islam","created_at":"2017-08-17T19:18:15.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-02-12T22:06:51.000000Z","slug":"Introducing-islam","i18ns":[],"get_title":"Introducing Islam"},"authors":[{"id":2,"name":"Dr. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Abd Al-Karim Ash-Sheha","slug":"ash_sheha","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":null,"promote":1,"status":1,"created_at":"2013-12-02T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-11-10T08:42:34.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"pivot":{"book_id":18,"author_id":2},"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"Dr. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Abd Al-Karim Ash-Sheha"}],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/books\/images\/2025\/1\/brown-blue-dark-gradient-simple-al-isra-wal-miraj-countdown-instagram-story-instagram-story-1.png","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/books\/the_key_to_understanding_islam-eng.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/","author_id":"","author_name":"Dr. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Abd Al-Karim Ash-Sheha","book_title":"The Key to Understanding Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","category_name":"Introducing Islam"},{"id":19640,"title":"Who Wrote the Bible?","slug":"who-wrote-the-bible","image":"\/uploads\/books\/images\/2020\/2\/who-wrote-the-bible-2.jpeg","hint":"

Who wrote the Bible?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This book refutes the Church's claims about the four Gospels and their attribution to the disciples of Jesus, peace be upon him. This book discusses several points, including: 1- A quick tour in the history of the New Testament. \/ 2- Were the scribes of the four Gospels, disciples of Jesus Christ? \/ 3- The names of the disciples of Christ are mentioned in the four Gospels, but there is neither Luke's name nor Mark’s name among them. Who are they? \/ 4- The author of the Gospel of John did not know Salome, the mother of John the son of Zebedee, the disciple of Jesus. \/ 5- Confessions of the Gospel of Luke. \/ 6- There is no co-called the original Gospel of the Four Gospels. \/ 7- Were the four Gospels inspired by the Holy Spirit? The Church’s need to claim that! \/ 8- The four Gospels recognized the existence of the Gospel according to the narration of Jesus Christ, peace be upon him (The Muslims Gospel). \/ 9- Dozens of anonymous gospels appeared in the second century and were used in the struggle between the beliefs of the early church fathers. \/ 10- Irenaeus was the one who named these four Gospels (according to the account of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John). \/ 11- Polycarp and Papias are imaginary figures of the imagination of Irenaeus that did not exist in reality. \/ 12- The ten papyri from the second century cannot be evidence. \/ 13- Dating the papyri through paleography is a deception. \/ 14- The Church admits that there are forged additions in the New Testament. \/ 15- The early church fathers were influenced by Greek philosophy, and they merged it into the Christian faith. \/ 16- The author of the Gospel of John was quoting from the Greek philosophers and Philo, the Alexandrian Jewish philosopher. \/ 17- Who wrote the Old Testament? \/ 18- The mystery of Loss of the Torah (Old Testament). \/ 19- The Church does not know who wrote the letter to the Hebrews, but it added it to the Bible because it liked it! \/ 20- The disappearance and loss of many books of the Bible.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>","arabic_notes":null,"book_text":"

WHO WROTE THE BIBLE?<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Written by<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Ahmed Al-Amir<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Ó<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>All rights reserved<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Contents<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Introduction<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Irenaeus, Polycarp, Papias<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

New Testament Canonicity<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Ten Papyri from the second century<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

There is no so-called the original Gospel of the Four Gospels<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Anonymous Epistles within the New Testament<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

A quick tour in the history of the New Testament<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Gospel of John and <\/span><\/em>the <\/span><\/em>Greek Philosophy<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

We<\/span><\/em>re the scribes of the four Gospels, disciples of Jesus Christ?<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Who wrote the Gospel according to Matthew’s account?<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Who wrote the Gospel according to John’s account?<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Did the Holy Spirit inspire the four Gospels?<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Confessions of the Gospel of Luke<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Church admits that there are forged additions in the New Testament<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Gospel of Jesus Christ<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Who wrote the Old Testament?<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Loss of <\/span><\/em>the <\/span><\/em>Torah (Old Testament)<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Loss of a large number of the Bible's Books<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Introduction<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Searching for God’s Path:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In my early twenties, I <\/span>have started<\/span> my journey of exploring the world. I <\/span>have <\/span>visited many countries around the world and have<\/span> learn<\/span>t<\/span> about many different cultures and customs. I was <\/span>shocked<\/span> by the extent difference between the religions. I saw the Buddhist monks distancing themselves from the worldly life and devoting themselves to worshipping their god, Buddha. I saw the Christian monks isolating themselves in the monasteries and devoting themselves to worshipping their god, Jesus Christ. I saw those who worship trees, stones, cows, mice, fire, money and other inanimate objects, and I saw those who do not believe in the existence of God or they do believe in the existence of God<\/span>,<\/span> but they say, “We do not know anything about him<\/span>.<\/span>”<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

I liked to hear from each one his point of view about what he worships. I found <\/span>that <\/span>Buddhists believe that Buddhism is the straight path<\/span>,<\/span> and the other religions are the path of error<\/span>, and<\/span> Christians believe that worshiping Christ and following the Gospel is the way of salvation<\/span>, and<\/span> atheists do not believe in the existence of Paradise or fire. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

T<\/span>he global statistics indicate that there are around<\/span> 2 billion Buddhists around the world, 2 billion Christians around the world, 2 billion Muslims around the world, and millions of atheists around the world. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Hence, since not all of these religions may be true religions, so, only one of them is <\/span>right,<\/span> and the others are false.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Creator God of this universe is only One God, and the religion He sent to people is only one religion. Religion means ‘the path to God,’ and the path to the One God is only one path, which is to worship Him alone without associating to Him any partner and not <\/span>to <\/span>add any innovation to His religion.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Who is this God, the Creator, and what is His true religion?<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Before taking a road by car, you <\/span>should<\/span> first make sure that it is the right direction, otherwise, losing time, effort<\/span>,<\/span>and money without any meaning.<\/span> By the same token, in this worldly life, we must first make sure that we are on the right path leading to the House of Bliss in the Hereafter. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Did<\/span> Buddhist monks ma<\/span>k<\/span>e sure before they devote their lives to worshipping Buddha that they <\/span>a<\/span>re on the right path, or they <\/span>just<\/span> spent their lives uselessly in following a religion that is not the true religion of the Creator? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Did<\/span> Christian monks ma<\/span>k<\/span>e sure before they devote their lives to monasticism and to worshipping Christ that this is the way of salvation and that their Bible is the real word of the Creator? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Did atheists make sure that there is no God of the universe and the universe came out of nothing or the universe had created itself, and neither there is <\/span>a <\/span>death, nor <\/span>a H<\/span>eaven, nor <\/span>a F<\/span>ire, and the virtue is equal to the vice<\/span>,<\/span> and the criminal who had not been held accountable for his crimes in the worldly life will not also be held accountable after his death?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

To answer these questions, I tried through this book to help those who search for truth, focusing primarily<\/span> on Christianity due to its many followers.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Since Christianity, its doctrine<\/span>,<\/span> and teachings are based on the Bible<\/span>,<\/span> we should first ascertain the origin and truthfulness of the Bible. Is the Bible the real word of the Creator, or is it the word of ordinary human beings and the Christians sanctified it?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Importance of the Bible:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The importance of the Bible stems from many factors:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1) <\/span>It has around<\/span> 2 billion Christian<\/span> followers<\/span> around the world. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2) On it<\/span>,<\/span> the church has established its foundation stone and doctrine, and through it, it charted a path towards salvation. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3) <\/span>On<\/span> it<\/span>,<\/span> the church has established its version about Jesus<\/span>’s life<\/span> and the incidents <\/strong>that took place with him.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

4) <\/span>Some w<\/span>orld leaders and members of parliaments may <\/span>cite<\/span> passages<\/span> from it <\/span>in international conferences or parliamentary sessions. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

5) <\/span>S<\/span>ome state leaders may <\/span>cite<\/span> passages<\/span> from it<\/span> to declare war or to conclude a peace agreement.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

6) Some priests may rely on it to prove their views regarding gay marriage, whether with permitting or prohibition.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

7) Morning queue in Christian countries' schools<\/span>,<\/span> starts by reading <\/span>passages<\/span> from the Bible for the children.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Who wrote the Bible?<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Christians believe that the first five books <\/span>(Pentateuch) <\/span>of the Old Testament were written by Prophet Moses, and the rest of the books of the Old Testament <\/span>were<\/span> written by the prophets who came after <\/span>him<\/span>, and the Old Testament since the time of Moses, never been changed or lost at any time.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Christians also believe that the four Gospels of the New Testament were written by the disciples of Jesus, who were eyewitnesses to the incidents, and the Church has conclusive evidence that those four Gospels were written by the<\/span>m<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Christians also believe that these four Gospels were written by inspiration from the Holy Spirit and that they are God<\/span>’s word<\/span>, not a human word.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Christians also believe that these Gospels were written in the land of the incidents (Palestine) and that the original copies of these Gospels exist and are kept in the church’s library. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Christians also believe that Jesus <\/span>had no<\/span> gospel with him during his life<\/span>time<\/span> on earth.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Therefore, we will discuss, God willing, th<\/span>os<\/span>e points that Christians believe in regarding the Bible in the coming chapters.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Author.,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chapter One<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Irenaeus, Polycarp, Papias<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

These three names are the key<\/span>words<\/span> to know who wrote the four Gospels. These three names are the basis of the ecclesiastical tradition in attributing the four Gospels to the disciples of Christ.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Ecclesiastical Tradition:<\/span><\/strong> W<\/span>hat has come to the present Church of the writings of the <\/span>early Church<\/span> Fathers.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Irenaeus:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Church has little<\/span> information about him, his personality<\/span>,<\/span> and his life. <\/span>Nevertheless,<\/span> the church claims that he was the bishop of Lyon, France, born in 140 CE and died in 203 CE, (but the year of his birth and also the year of his death is controversial<\/span> and probably unknown<\/span>). He likely born in Asia Minor from Greek parents (but the place of birth is also disputed<\/span>).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Irenaeus was the first to confront<\/span> other Christian groups <\/span>calling<\/span> them <\/span>‘<\/span>heresies<\/span>’<\/span>, such as Gnosticism and <\/span>Montanism<\/span>. He studied Greek poetry, language<\/span>,<\/span> and philosophy.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Church calls him "<\/span>The father of ecclesiastical tradition<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span> and also <\/span>"<\/span>The father of Christian theology<\/span><\/span>;<\/span><\/span>" <\/span>he is the first to lay the foundation of Christian theology and Christian doctrine. He is the <\/span>primary<\/span><\/span> and only source <\/span><\/span>on which the Church relies to prove that the Gospel scribes are the disciples of Christ. He was the first to point out that the scribes of the Gospels are the disciples of Christ in his book "Against Heresies<\/span>,<\/span>" written in 180 <\/span>CE<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Eusebius of Caesarea<\/span><\/span>[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a> (who lived between the third and fourth centuries and was called the father of ecclesiastical history <\/span>because of his work in recording the history of the early <\/span>C<\/span>hurch) in his book "Church History" stated that Irenaeus <\/span><\/span>has <\/span>mentioned in his book "Against Heresies"<\/span> the following<\/span>: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"Matthew also issued a written Gospel among the Hebrews in their own dialect, while Peter and Paul were preaching at Rome and laying the foundations of the Church. After their departure, Mark, the disciple and interpreter of Peter, did also hand down to us in writing what had been preached by Peter. Luke also, the companion of Paul, recorded in a book the Gospel preached by him. Afterwards, John, the disciple of the Lord, who also had leaned upon His breast, did himself publish a Gospel during his residence at Ephesus in Asia."<\/span><\/em>[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Deception:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The writings of Irenaeus were all lost<\/span><\/span>, but a Latin translation of his five books "Against Heresies" was found, and an Armenian translation of his book "The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching" was discovered in 1904<\/span><\/span> CE<\/span><\/span>. In these two works alone, the Church finds <\/span>the <\/span>elements of the Christian theological system. In other words, the Church has built its doctrine based on a Latin and an Armenian translation of the books of Irenaeus and has never seen the original. The Church even does not know who translated those books and <\/span>whether<\/span> the<\/span>y<\/span> were honest in their translation<\/span> or not<\/span>. Moreover, the Church itself <\/span>has very little<\/span> information about Irenaeus himself.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In his book "Against Heresies<\/span>,<\/span>" Irenaeus claimed that when he was young<\/span>,<\/span> he attended sermons for a saint named Polycarp <\/span>the Martyr<\/span>, and that he (Polycarp) <\/span>was a disciple of John the son of Zebedee, the disciple of Christ<\/span>.<\/span>Irenaeus <\/span>also<\/span> claimed that Polycarp has mentioned that the Gospel of John was <\/span>written<\/span> by his teacher<\/span>,<\/span> John, the disciple of Christ. He also claimed that Polycarp had a <\/span>companion<\/span> named Papias<\/span>, and that Papias stated that the Gospel of Matthew was written by Matthew, the disciple of Christ, and the Gospel of Mark was written by Mark<\/span>,<\/span>the disciple of Peter.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The New Testament<\/span>,<\/span> according to Irenaeus<\/span>,<\/span> contains the Gospel of "<\/span><\/span>The Shepherd of Hermas,<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span> which the Church considers <\/span>it<\/span> Apocrypha<\/span><\/span>. Th<\/span>erefore<\/span>, how did the Church<\/span> believe <\/span>Irenaeus<\/span> regarding the canonicity of the four Gospels and then belie him <\/span>regarding <\/span>the Gospel of "<\/span>The Shepherd of Hermas<\/span>"<\/span> considering it Apocrypha<\/span>?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Polycarp<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span>[3]<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a>:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Church knows nothing <\/span>about him except what Irenaeus mentioned in his book "Against Heresies<\/span>,<\/span>" that<\/span>Polycarp was a disciple of John, the disciple of Christ, and he <\/span>wa<\/span>s the one who mentioned that the Gospel of John was written by John, the disciple of Christ. Thus, Polycarp is the only connection<\/span> between the disciples of Christ, who lived in the first century<\/span>,<\/span> and the <\/span>early Church <\/span>Fathers<\/span>,<\/span> who lived <\/span>in the second century.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Tertullian<\/span><\/span>[4]<\/span><\/span><\/a> also mentioned that Polycarp was a disciple of John, but his testimony was only a quote from <\/span>what <\/span>Irenaeus<\/span> has said<\/span>, because Tertullian was born one year before the death of Polycarp, that is, he <\/span>never saw<\/span> him<\/span>;<\/span>therefore<\/span>,<\/span> his testimony is not considered.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Papias:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Church knows nothing <\/span>about him except what Irenaeus <\/span>mentioned<\/span> in his book "Against Heresies<\/span>,<\/span>" that <\/span>Papias <\/span>was a <\/span><\/span>companion<\/span><\/span> of Polycarp<\/span><\/span>, <\/span>he <\/span>was a hearer of John, the disciple of Christ, <\/span>he <\/span>was a bishop of Hierapolis, and <\/span>he was<\/span> the one who mentioned that the Gospel of Matthew was written by Matthew and the Gospel of Mark was written by Mark<\/span>,<\/span> the disciple of Peter.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Eusebius of Caesarea mentioned in his book "Church History" that Papias has pointed out that the writer of the Gospel of Matthew was a person name<\/span>d<\/span> Matthew: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"Thus Matthew wrote the divine sayings in Hebrew, and every one interpreted them to the best of his ability."<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Eusebius of Caesarea also stated that Papias ha<\/span>s<\/span> pointed out that the writer of Mark's Gospel was a person named Mark who was one of Peter's disciples: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"Mark, being the tongue of Peter, wrote precisely, albeit in no order, everything he remembered about what Jesus said or did, because he did not listen to the Lord nor follow him, but later, as I said, he followed Peter, who made his teachings conform to the needs of his listeners, without intending to make the Lord's conversations related."<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Church also knows about Papias that he wrote five books <\/span>under the title "Interpretation of the Lord's sayings<\/span>,<\/span>" but these books were all lost<\/span><\/span>, <\/span>and only a few excerpts were recorded in the writings of Irenaeus (which also were lost)<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Unfortunately, the only source from which the Church derived its information about Papias was what Irenaeus claimed. Furthermore, <\/span>when one<\/span> of the <\/span>Church <\/span>Fathers <\/span>was <\/span>wr<\/span>i<\/span>t<\/span>ing<\/span> about Papias<\/span>, he<\/span> was only quoting <\/span><\/span>what Irenaeus said about him.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In his book "Church History<\/span><\/strong>,<\/span><\/strong>" Eusebius of Caesarea stated:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"Irenaeus referred to these five books written by Papias as the only work written by Papias. Irenaeus said: "<\/strong>These things are attested by Papias, an ancient man <\/span>who was a hearer of John <\/span>and a companion of Polycarp, in his fourth book. For five books have been written by him."<\/strong> But<\/strong> Papias himself in the preface to his discourses by no means declares <\/span>that he was himself a hearer and eye-witness of the holy apostles, but he shows by the words which he uses that he received the doctrines of the faith from those who were friends of the Apostles."<\/span><\/em>[5]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As we can see, Eusebius <\/span>himself belied what Irenaeus said regarding Papias<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

What Irenaeus said: "Papias, an ancient man <\/span>... and a companion of Polycarp<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>" suggests that he was telling a fairy tale<\/span>,<\/span> in which he tri<\/span>ed<\/span> to identify someone who is already unknown, and this makes us question the existence of a person named Papias<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

There is no evidence of his existence nor his writings nor that he was a disciple of John, the disciple of Christ, but the claim of Irenaeus.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Had<\/span> Papias ever <\/span>had<\/span> any companions or disciples? <\/span>Is there any<\/span> Church had heard about him<\/span> during his lifetime and not only through<\/span> the writings of Irenaeus<\/span>?<\/span> Is it <\/span>reasonable<\/span> that such a person of such importance and prestige <\/span>neither <\/span>was famous<\/span> nor<\/span> his writings were widespread among churches? Even the excerpts quoted by Irenaeus in his writings and ascribed them to Papias, <\/span>assume<\/span> that Irenaeus had the writings of Papias in his hand to quote them.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Nevertheless,<\/span> as long as those books were never preserved<\/span>,<\/span> and no one mentioned its existence except Irenaeus, then they never exist<\/span>ed<\/span> at all<\/span>,<\/span> and those excerpts were from the thought of Irenaeus himself<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In his book "Church History<\/span><\/strong>,<\/span><\/strong>" Eusebius of Caesarea stated:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"The same writer (Papias<\/span>) gives also other accounts which he says came to him through unwritten tradition<\/span>, certain strange<\/span><\/u> parables and teachings of the Saviour<\/span>, and some other more mythical things<\/span>. To these belong his statement that there will be a period of some thousand years after the resurrection of the dead, and that the kingdom of Christ will be set up in material form on this very earth. I suppose he got these ideas <\/span>through a misunderstanding <\/span>of the apostolic accounts, not perceiving that the things said by them were spoken mystically in figures. For he appears to have been of very limited understanding<\/u><\/span>, as one can see from his discourses<\/span>. But it was due to him <\/span>that so many of the Church Fathers <\/span>after him adopted <\/span>a like opinion, urging in their own support the antiquity of the man<\/span>; as for instance, Irenaeus <\/span>and anyone else that may have proclaimed similar views."<\/span><\/em> [6]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As we can see, that <\/span>Eusebius<\/span> criticized Papias and blamed him for the following things: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1- Papias merged in Christianity strange parables and teachings and some other more mythical things <\/span>as part of the oral tradition<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2- Papias appears to have been of minimal understanding, as one can see from his discourses.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3- <\/span>Papias was a chiliast<\/span> or millenialist<\/span>[7]<\/span><\/a>, believing that “<\/span>there will be a period of some thousand years after the resurrection of the dead, and that the kingdom of Christ will be set up in material form on this very earth.<\/span><\/em>”<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

4- Due to Papias so many of the Church Fathers after him adopted a like opinion and became millenialists, for instance, Irenaeus,<\/span> Justin Martyr[8]<\/span><\/a><\/span>, Tertullian, <\/span>Methodius of Olympus,<\/span> and others.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

T<\/span><\/strong>he Millennial Kingdom<\/span><\/strong>:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

T<\/span>he Millennial Kingdom belief<\/span> is <\/span>a<\/span> literal interpretation of the book of Revelation, that Christ would return to earth to rule for 1000 years, and his believers would rise among the dead <\/span>(which is called <\/span>the first resurrection<\/span>) <\/span>to rule with him for 1000 years<\/span>,<\/span> while others will rise from the dead only <\/span>at<\/span> the last great resurrection, and the wicked would perish and peace would spread in that millennium.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In fact, T<\/span>he Millennial Kingdom belief was derived from the Jewish Apocrypha<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span> writings <\/span><\/span>that were written one or two centuries before Christ. This belief prevailed in most <\/span><\/span>C<\/span><\/span>hurches<\/span><\/span>, but few <\/span>C<\/span>hurch <\/span>F<\/span>athers resisted that belief<\/span>, such as<\/span>: Origen of Alexandria[9]<\/span><\/a>, Dionysius of Alexandria[10]<\/span><\/a>, Eusebius of Caesarea, Basil of Caesarea[11]<\/span><\/a>, Gregory of Nyssa[12]<\/span><\/a>, also St. Augustine of Hippo<\/span>[13]<\/span><\/a> resisted that heresy and considered that anyone who believed in the doctrine of Papias<\/strong> is deviant from faith<\/u>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Later, the doctrine of the Orthodox and the Catholic <\/span>C<\/span>hurch regarding the Millennial Kingdom <\/span>was<\/span> changed and <\/span>became<\/span> that the Millennial Kingdom belief must be understood in its symbolic rather than literal sense, and that <\/span>that <\/span>Kingdom had already begun from the time of Christ<\/span>,<\/span> and the present Church is the Kingdom of Christ on earth. As for the Protestant Church<\/span>, to this day<\/span>,<\/span> it still believes in the Millennial Kingdom literally<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Back to the figure of Papias, <\/span>was<\/span> he a real figure or just a figment of Irenaeus's Imagination<\/span>?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Responding<\/span><\/strong> to this<\/strong><\/span>:<\/span><\/strong> Irenaeus <\/span>has <\/span>claimed that Papias <\/span>had <\/span>heard the "Millennial Kingdom" in its literal sense from John<\/span>,<\/span> the disciple of Christ<\/span>;<\/span> in contrast,<\/span> the early <\/span>C<\/span>hurch <\/span>stated<\/span> that this is heresy and there is no "Millennial Kingdom" in its literal sense<\/span>.<\/span> Therefore<\/span><\/strong>,<\/span> as long as <\/span>it is <\/span>unreasonable<\/span> that John<\/span>,<\/span> the disciple of Christ, had mentioned such heresy<\/span>; then,<\/span> what Irenaeus <\/span>had <\/span>said about Papias was just a myth<\/span>,<\/span> and<\/span> Papias was just an imaginary figure of the imagination of Irenaeus<\/span><\/span> that <\/span>never<\/span> exist in reality.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The question that arises now is:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Why did Irenaeus may lie and fabricate fictitious figures that are Polycarp and Papias, claiming that they <\/span>were<\/span>hear<\/span>ers<\/span> of John<\/span>,<\/span> the disciple of Christ, and then ascribing to them that they mentioned that the Gospel of John was written by John<\/span>,<\/span> the disciple of Christ?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The answer is:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Irenaeus was most resistant to what he called "heresies"<\/span> that appeared in the second century. In his responses<\/span> to th<\/span>o<\/span>se heresies, Irenaeus relied<\/span> primarily on John's gospel<\/span>. Thus, he likely attributed falsely<\/span> this gospel to John<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> the disciple of Christ, then made up the character of Polycarp<\/span> and claimed that Polycarp was his teacher and that Polycarp was a disciple of John<\/span>,<\/span> the disciple of Christ. <\/span>H<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>likely<\/span><\/span> made <\/span><\/span>this to make<\/span><\/span> his argument before people appear the right one <\/span><\/span>and to prove the doctrine that he considers <\/span>the right<\/span> one and refutes the arguments of other priests that <\/span>oppose<\/span> his idea and methodology.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

O<\/span><\/strong>ne <\/span><\/strong>may<\/span><\/strong> say:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"It is unreasonable that Irenaeus could lie such an unforgivable lie, ascribing an unknown gospel to John, the disciple of Christ, creating illusory figures such as Polycarp and Papias.<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The answer is:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Theologians affirm that<\/span> e<\/span>arly Christians did not believe that to ascribe an anonymous gospel to a disciple is an act that involves deception or fraud. Whoever did that act did not feel that he was lying regarding Christ or the faith<\/span>, but r<\/span>ather, he felt that he was lying for the sake of Christ and for affirming the doctrine that he believed to be <\/span>the right one<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

At the time that Irenaeus was holding a gospel in his hand and attributed it to John<\/span>,<\/span> the disciple of Christ, many senior priests were <\/span>also <\/span>holding<\/span> many<\/span> other gospels in their hands and attributed them to the disciples of Christ.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Irenaeus was criticizing those other Gospels mentioning that they are <\/span>A<\/span>pocrypha<\/span>,<\/span> and its attribution to the disciples of Christ is a forgery.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Thus, whoever <\/span>says<\/span> that "<\/span>I<\/span><\/span>t is unreasonable that Irenaeus could lie such an unforgivable lie, ascribing an unknown gospel to John, the disciple of Christ<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>" <\/span><\/span>is supporting<\/span><\/span> -without realizing- <\/span><\/span>Irenaeus and oppos<\/span>ing<\/span> his opponents, who were also senior priests. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In other words, he <\/span>is <\/span>accus<\/span>ing<\/span> them of lying and that they ascribed forgery Gospels that were in their hands to the disciples of Christ, without having heard neither their arguments nor the arguments of Irenaeus, and without having any real knowledge about any of them.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Summary of this chapter:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1) The Church has little information <\/span>about Irenaeus. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2) The Church has no copies <\/span>of the books of Irenaeus. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3) The Church has based its doctrine <\/span>and information regarding the four Gospels scribes on a Latin and Armenian translation <\/span>of the books of Irenaeus. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

4) The Church neither know who translated those books<\/span><\/span>, <\/span>nor if they were <\/span>trustworthy<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

5) Both Polycarp and Papias <\/span>a<\/span>re unknown figures<\/span><\/span>, and none of <\/span><\/span>the early <\/span><\/span>C<\/span><\/span>hurch <\/span><\/span>F<\/span><\/span>athers<\/span><\/span> knew them, <\/span><\/span>exce<\/span><\/span>pt Irenaeus.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

6) Eusebius of Caesarea stated that Papias was a man of very little intelligence<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>who<\/span> believed in<\/span><\/span> the Millennial Kingdom heresy <\/span><\/span>in its literal sense <\/span>and inserted in Christianity strange parables and teachings<\/span> and some other more mythical things <\/span>as part of the oral tradition<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

7) St. Augustine considered that anyone believe<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span> in the doctrine of Papias is deviant<\/strong> from faith<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chapter Two<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

New Testament Canonicity<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Church's need to claim New Testament Canonicity<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span>[14]<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a>:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Many priests are very strict in ascribing the four Gospels to the disciples of Christ, considering th<\/span>at<\/span> matter as <\/span>a <\/span>non-negotiable fact. This attitude is because they cannot say that they believe in a book that they do not know its origin, who wrote it or where it was written. For this reason, they are trying their best to create clues, however weak, and then merge them to formulate a tale that may delude many people.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Church's evidence on New Testament Canonicity:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Regarding New Testament Canonicity the priests are sharply divided into two <\/span>groups<\/span>: <\/span>T<\/span>he first<\/span> one<\/span> admits that New Testament scribes are unknown and the phrase<\/span>s<\/span> "the Gospel according to Matthew’s account, Mark’s account, Luke’s account, and John’s account" w<\/span>ere<\/span> added to the New Testament in the second century without strong evidence of its validity.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The second<\/span> one<\/span> is rigorous<\/span> in ascribing the four Gospels to the disciples of Christ<\/span>;<\/span> it collects false and incorrect pieces of evidence but may arrange and coordinate them deceptively to be believed by the average reader. <\/span>These pieces of evidence are as follows:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1. Internal evidence:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Through the texts of the Gospel itself<\/span>,<\/span> the personality and <\/span>the <\/span>name of the Gospel scribe can be identified. For example, the Gospel of John we can perceive that who wrote it was John the son of Zebedee, the disciple of Christ, through the phrase that mentioned that who wrote this Gospel is "the disciple whom Christ loved<\/span>,<\/span>"[15]<\/span><\/a> <\/span>besides,<\/span> the scribe of the Gospel of John<\/span>,<\/span> knew the customs and history of the Jews and the geography of Palestine.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

2. External evidence:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1) Testimonies of the <\/span><\/strong>e<\/span><\/strong>arly Church Fathers:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

A number of the <\/span>e<\/span>arly Church Fathers had witnessed the name of the Gospel scribe.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2) Quotations by the <\/span><\/strong>e<\/span><\/strong>arly Church Fathers:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

A number of the early Church Fathers quoted the Gospel texts.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3) Papyr<\/span><\/strong>i<\/span><\/strong> manuscripts:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The present Church has thousands of ancient papyr<\/span>i<\/span> manuscripts and many ancient translations.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Respond to such flimsy evidence:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1. Regarding the internal evidence:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

There is no reference within any gospel to the name of its scribe, nor any hint regarding his personality. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The reader can read any gospel of his choice and try to find out by himself whether there is <\/span>a <\/span>such internal evidence on the name of the scribe or not.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

On the contrary, the internal evidence<\/span>,<\/span> as we will <\/span>address<\/span> in the next chapters, God willing, clearly indicates that the scribe is an unknown person <\/span>who<\/span> was not a disciple of Christ.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As for the claim that the scribe <\/span>of the <\/span>Gospel of John has identified himself as "the disciple whom Christ loved<\/span>,<\/span>" we say that this is a false claim because the scribe of that Gospel was talking about the disciple whom Christ loved in the <\/span><\/span>absent<\/span><\/span> form<\/span><\/span>, <\/span>meaning<\/span> the scribe was talking about another person and not about himself. <\/span>Besides,<\/span> where is the name of John in that phrase "the disciple whom Christ loved"?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

John 21:20:<\/span><\/strong> "Peter turned and saw that the disciple whom Jesus loved <\/span>was following them."<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

John 21:24:<\/span><\/strong> "This is the disciple who testifies <\/span>to these things and who wrote them down. We<\/span><\/strong> know<\/span> that his<\/span><\/strong>testimony <\/span>is true."<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As for the claim that the scribe of the Gospel of John knew the customs and history of the Jews and the geography of Palestine, <\/span>the<\/span> respond<\/span> is<\/span>: "And where is the name of John here? Didn't anyone else know that information except John<\/span>,<\/span> the son of Zebedee? This flimsy evidence resembles a drowning man trying to clutch at the straw.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

2. Regarding the external evidence:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1) Testimonies of the Early Church Fathers:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Some priests list several names of the <\/span>e<\/span>arly Church Fathers and claim that th<\/span>o<\/span>se <\/span>F<\/span>athers had testified the name of each gospel scribe. However, this list is a big deception because the testimonies of the <\/span>e<\/span>arly Church Fathers must first be subject to scrutiny and meet the following conditions:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

A) Must come from at least two of the Church Fathers:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The courts of our time do not accept the testimony of one person <\/span>and<\/span> require at least two witnesses.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

B) Both witnesses must be eyewitnesses and trustworthy:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

These two witnesses must be disciples of one of the disciples of Christ. Accordingly, they must have lived in the same century as the disciples of Christ. Nevertheless<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>by checking the list of testimonies of th<\/span>o<\/span>se <\/span>Church F<\/span>athers<\/span>,<\/span>we find that each one of th<\/span>em<\/span> had lived in <\/span>a <\/span>different century than the others<\/span>,<\/span> and none of them had seen <\/span>any of <\/span>the others. Some of them had lived in the late second century, others had lived in the third century<\/span>,<\/span> and others had lived in the fourth century. Each one of those <\/span>F<\/span>athers had lived in a different country than the others.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Eusebius of Caesarea mentioned in his book "Church History":<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"At that time the apostle and evangelist John<\/span>, the one whom Jesus loved, was still living in Asia<\/span>, and governing the churches of that region, having returned after the death of Domitian from his exile on the island. And that he was still alive at that time may be established by the testimony of two witnesses<\/span>. They should be trustworthy <\/span>who have maintained the orthodoxy <\/span>of the Church; and such indeed were Irenaeus <\/span>and Clement of Alexandria<\/span>."[16]<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Unfortunately, this testimony of Eusebius of Caesarea is <\/span>invalid<\/span> because Irenaeus was born in the year 140 <\/span>CE<\/span>, at least fifty years after the death of John the son of Zebedee<\/span>;<\/span> that is, he was not an eyewitness. As for Clement of Alexandria, he was born in the year 150 <\/span>CE<\/span>, at least sixty years after the death of John the son of Zebedee<\/span>;<\/span> that is, he was not an eyewitness. Both Irenaeus and Clement of Alexandria had no connection to anyone who was an eyewitness to John the son of Zebedee. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In the coming chapters<\/span>,<\/span> God willing, <\/span>we will elaborate on Clement of Alexandria and how he was not trustworthy. His name was erased from the record of the martyrs <\/span>of the Roman Catholic Church in 1586 by order of Pope Clement VIII, because of corrupt teachings in his writings<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

C) Each testimony must be independent and not just a repeat of earlier testimony:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

These priests who g<\/span>a<\/span>ve us a list of the testimonies of the <\/span>e<\/span>arly Church Fathers, d<\/span>id<\/span> not inform us that th<\/span>o<\/span>se <\/span>F<\/span>athers were<\/span>,<\/span> in fact<\/span>,<\/span> quoting one another. The testimony was only one from someone who already never saw any of Jesus’ disciples, and the other testimonies <\/span>we<\/span>re just a repeat of the first one.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

For example, the Church states that St. Papias had written five books, and the proof of their existence and their attribution to Papias is the testimony of Irenaeus <\/span>and Tertullian<\/span>. <\/span>However,<\/span> the Church does not tell us directly that Irenaeus lived in the second century<\/span>, while Tertullian lived in the fourth century<\/span>. That is, Tertullian quote<\/span>d<\/span>Irenaeus. That is, the testimony is only one<\/span>,<\/span> and the other is just a repeat of the first one. Thus, there is no consideration here for the number of <\/span>the <\/span>names of <\/span>e<\/span>arly Church Fathers as long as their testimon<\/span>ies<\/span> were<\/span> just a repeat.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

D) Both witnesses must have received this gospel by their own hands from the disciple’s hand:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In order these two witnesses testify for one <\/span>G<\/span>ospel that it was written <\/span>by<\/span> one of Jesus’ disciples, they <\/span>should<\/span> ha<\/span>d<\/span>received this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel by their own hands from him. Otherwise, how can a person's testimony be accepted without the existence of the subject of the testimony (i.e.<\/span>,<\/span> this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel itself)?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Meaning<\/span> that this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel must be present and in the hands of the Church Fathers<\/span>,<\/span> and then <\/span>they can <\/span>testify <\/span>whether if<\/span> it is written by one of Christ<\/span>’s <\/span>disciples<\/span> or not<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Accordingly, who received th<\/span><\/span>at<\/span><\/span> original <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel <\/span><\/span>by<\/span> his hand from the disciples of Christ? To whom <\/span>he presented<\/span> it<\/span>? Where <\/span>(in which church) he testified that th<\/span>at G<\/span>ospel was written by one of Jesus’s disciples and in front of whom <\/span>(from the other <\/span>e<\/span>arly Church Fathers) he testified that? Where <\/span>is th<\/span>at<\/span> original Gospel<\/span>,<\/span> and how did it disappear if it was really in the hands of <\/span>e<\/span>arly Church Fathers?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

E) Honesty and trustworthiness:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

They should be known for their honesty and trustworthiness<\/span> among their communities and the <\/span>e<\/span>arly Church Fathers.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

2)<\/span><\/strong> Quotations by the <\/strong><\/span>e<\/span><\/strong>arly Church Fathers:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The phrase "Quotations by the <\/span>e<\/span>arly Church Fathers" makes us imagine that they had the original Gospel in their hands and then quote it. <\/span>Nevertheless,<\/span> these quotations are due to two factors:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

First, <\/span><\/strong>the Church Fathers were not quoting the Gospel itself, but rather stories that were orally spread among the people about the incidents that took place with Christ and his words, and those stories were then written in hundreds of Gospels. Proof of this is that when one of the Church Fathers wrote a quotation did not write next to<\/span> it<\/span>that it is a passage from the Bible according to (one of the disciples).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Second,<\/span><\/strong> when one of the Church Fathers quotes <\/span>one<\/span> particular Gospel, <\/span>this<\/span> is not <\/span>a confirmation of the name of the scribe of th<\/span>at<\/span> Gospel. There <\/span>we<\/span>re Church Fathers who believed <\/span>all what <\/span>Irenaeus <\/span>had <\/span>claim<\/span>ed<\/span> that he had a teacher named Polycarp and Polycarp was a disciple of John the son of Zebedee and Polycarp <\/span>had <\/span>testified that the Gospel of John was written by John the son of Zebedee<\/span>;<\/span> th<\/span>us,<\/span> they adopted the Gospel of John based on what Irenaeus has <\/span>claimed<\/span>, rather than they have verified <\/span>by themselves <\/span>the name of the author of the Gospel.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

3) Papyr<\/span><\/strong>i<\/span><\/strong> manuscripts:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The <\/span>C<\/span>hurch claims that it has thousands of copies written on papyr<\/span>i,<\/span> and many manuscripts written on animal skins<\/span>,<\/span> and many ancient translations as well<\/span>.<\/span> However,<\/span> this cannot be considered <\/span>as <\/span>evidence of the canonicity of the four <\/span>G<\/span>ospels for the following reasons:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1)<\/span><\/strong> It does not matter t<\/span>he number of copies and translations <\/span>that the Church possesses <\/span>because <\/span>they <\/span>are just repetitions <\/span>of<\/span> one another without referring to the first basis<\/span>;<\/span> the original copy itself. Like the false news that may be circulated by all international media, the number of the media does not matter as long as they just copy from one another without validating the authenticity of the original news.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2)<\/span><\/strong> The claim that there are thousands of copies and translations does not mean that <\/span>they contain <\/span>the entire New Testament, <\/span>but <\/span>separate parts. There are thousands of papyri <\/span>that<\/span> are small scraps, <\/span>or contain<\/span> one or two of Paul's <\/span>Epistles<\/span>, <\/span>or contain<\/span> a few verses of <\/span>the <\/span>book of Revelation or a few verses of a <\/span>particular<\/span> chapter of a specific <\/span>G<\/span>ospel, and this is what we will address in the next chapter, God willing.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3)<\/span><\/strong> Those copies kept by the Church and numbered in thousands were not written in one century, but from the second century until the fifteenth century. If the church wants to use as evidence copies dating back to the seventh or fourteenth century, why not <\/span>to <\/span>use also as evidence the billions of copies currently printed from the four <\/span>G<\/span>ospels around the world and in all languages of the world? How can the Church infer<\/span>s<\/span> the authenticity of the four Gospels with manuscripts written in later centuries? <\/span>Therefore<\/span>, we will not pay attention to any manuscript or translation written in any century other than the second century, which is closer to the date of writing the original Gospels.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

4)<\/span><\/strong> Back to the copies that were written in the second century and concern only the four <\/span>G<\/span>ospels <\/span>-<\/span>without the <\/span>Epistles<\/span> and the book of Revelation<\/span>-<\/span>, <\/span>the Institute for New Testament Textual Research (INTF)[17]<\/span><\/a> <\/span>has recorded only ten manuscripts<\/span> that <\/span>they<\/span> likely date back to the second century. Accordingly, the number of copies that the Church supposed to use as evidence is only ten, not thousands<\/span>,<\/span> as claimed. <\/span>Nevertheless<\/span>, after studying each papyrus separately, we find that many of th<\/span>o<\/span>se ten papyri do not belong to the second century, but rather to the fourth or third century, and this is what we will address in the next chapter, God willing.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

5)<\/span><\/strong> These ten papyri, which date back to the second century, are mostly <\/span>tiny<\/span> scraps that cannot be evidence of the authenticity of the four <\/span>G<\/span>ospels. In the next chapter, God willing, we will put pictures of those small scraps.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

6)<\/span><\/strong> The Church admits that all <\/span>that it has from <\/span>copies, manuscripts<\/span>,<\/span> and translations were not copied from the original Gospels, but from copies of copies of copies, etc..<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

7)<\/span><\/strong> Regarding the original Gospels<\/span>;<\/span> t<\/span>he Church admits that all of them were lost very early<\/span>,<\/span> neither a copy of them nor any cop<\/span>y<\/span> that w<\/span>as<\/span> copied directly from the<\/span>m<\/span> was<\/span> survived <\/span>because<\/span> they all were written on papyrus, which is a <\/span>kind of <\/span>paper that may be destroyed quickly.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

However<\/span>, <\/span>such<\/span> a <\/span>claim is <\/span>invalid<\/span> because all the Pharaonic papyri<\/span>,<\/span> which were written several thousand years ago<\/span>,<\/span>are still in our hands and <\/span>were<\/span> not destroyed.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As for the original four Gospels, since no one of the <\/span>e<\/span>arly <\/span>C<\/span>hurch <\/span>F<\/span>athers who lived in the first half of the second century <\/span>has <\/span>mentioned that he <\/span>saw<\/span> any of the<\/span>m<\/span> by himself or <\/span>they were<\/span> in his possession at any time<\/span>;<\/span> they<\/span> w<\/span>ere<\/span>already <\/span>lost<\/span> in less than half a century or <\/span>they were<\/span> written in the middle of the second century and not the first <\/span>one<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Besides<\/span>, if we assume that the original copies of the four <\/span>G<\/span>ospels were lost because they were written on papyr<\/span>us<\/span>, then how did not any of them survive? How did not survive even one page of any of them? How did all the pages and all the Gospels evaporate? Papyrus leaf<\/span>,<\/span> when<\/span> damaged<\/span>,<\/span> does not mean that it has evaporated like gas, but rather the edges and margins of the page may have been eroded a little. Moreover, how did the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch not preserve the original Gospels despite its great importance and was able to keep copies dating back to the second, third<\/span>,<\/span> or fourth century, even though they <\/span>were<\/span> also written on papyr<\/span>us<\/span>?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In fact, there was no such thing so-called the “original <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospels,”<\/span><\/span> so the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch did not bother to preserve any copy of it, and this is what we will address, God willing, in the coming chapters.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

8)<\/span><\/strong> The Church admits that all Greek papyri have lost much of their importance because they were written by unqualified scribes. St. Takla Haymanout <\/span>C<\/span>optic orthodox website<\/span> reported<\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"All of the oldest Greek manuscripts of the New Testament <\/span><\/em>were <\/span><\/em>written on papyr<\/span><\/em>us<\/span><\/em>, <\/span><\/em>and <\/span><\/em>date back to the period from the middle of the second century to the fourth century, but one papyrus with the number (P74) dates back to the seventh century. Although th<\/span><\/em>ese<\/span><\/em> papyri are incomplete <\/span>parts, they together constitute a big portion of the New Testament. Although these papyri date back to an early time, they have lost <\/span>a lot of their importance <\/span>because theywere written by unqualified scribes<\/span>, who did not pay attention to the small details."<\/span><\/em>[18]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

9)<\/span><\/strong> When Erasmus[19]<\/span><\/a> was commissioned in 1502 to issue the first edition of the Bible in the Greek language (<\/span>Complutensian Polyglot Bible<\/span>), he did not rely on<\/span> early Greek manuscripts that may date back to the second, third or fourth century <\/span>and were<\/span> written in "<\/span>Alexandrian<\/span><\/u> text-type,<\/span>" due to his fear of its irregularity<\/span>, and therefore Erasmus relied on Late Greek manuscripts<\/span> that <\/span>were <\/span>written in "Byzantine<\/u> <\/span>text-type<\/span>". The third edition of Erasmus is the edition upon which the <\/span>‘<\/span>King James <\/span>Version’<\/span> depended.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Because Erasmus could not find any full Greek <\/span><\/span>copy<\/span><\/span>, he used dozens <\/span>of Greek manuscripts so that he could merge them and compile the New Testament in the Greek language.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Theologian Bart Ehrman’s response regarding the canonicity of the four Gospels:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In one of the debates<\/span>,<\/span> D<\/span>r. Bart Ehrman on the reliability of the Bible said:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"When I was a Bible-believing evangelical Christian<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> attending Moody bible institute, before I began my serious scholarship on the New Testament, before I began to read it in Greek<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> and before I saw what serious scholars of the world had to say about it<\/span><\/em>;<\/span><\/em> I was absolutely convinced that the Gospels not only contained eyewitness tradition, but that they were written by two eyewitnesses<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> Matthew and John, and by two people who were close companions to people who are eyewitnesses, Mark and Luke. <\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Intense research has a way of changing your mind about things, but I do<\/span><\/em> <\/em>n<\/span><\/em>o<\/span><\/em>t want you to think that this is a reason for you not to use your brain<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/em> <\/em>E<\/span><\/em>ven if you are the most hardcore Bible-believing evangelical on the planet, you surely think that God gave you a brain<\/span><\/em>;<\/span><\/em> use your brain<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/em> Craig and I will agree on this. God gave you a brain to think with<\/span><\/em>;<\/span><\/em> apply reason<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/em> <\/em>T<\/span><\/em>hat<\/span><\/em> i<\/span><\/em>s why God made you a human being instead of a slug. Do<\/span><\/em> <\/em>n<\/span><\/em>o<\/span><\/em>t be afraid of using your intelligence to find out the truth<\/span><\/em>;<\/span><\/em> the truth may not be what you were taught, but if it<\/span><\/em> i<\/span><\/em>s true<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> you should believe it, not run from it. <\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As I studied more and more using my intelligence as an evangelical but also praying about it<\/span><\/em>;<\/span><\/em> I became convinced that the New Testament Gospels were not written by eyewitnesses or by people who knew eyewitnesses. The first point to make<\/span><\/em>;<\/span><\/em> is the rather obvious one that the Gospels do not claim to be written by eyewitnesses<\/span><\/em>;<\/span><\/em> they are all anonymous. The titles in your Gospels “The Gospel according to Matthew” and so forth were added by later editors, they were not put there by the original authors. <\/span><\/em>The s<\/span><\/em>econd point<\/span><\/em>;<\/span><\/em> none of the Gospels claims to be written by the person whose name it bears. They do not claim to be written by eyewitnesses<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> and they do not claim to be written by people named Matthew, Mark, Luke<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> and John<\/span><\/em>;<\/span><\/em> those are later traditions that were added to the Gospels. These traditions do not start appearing for about <\/span><\/em>a <\/span><\/em>hundred years. <\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Some people think that there is an <\/span><\/em>e<\/span><\/em>arly <\/span><\/em>C<\/span><\/em>hurch <\/span><\/em>F<\/span><\/em>ather named Papias who attests to the witness of Mark and Matthew, but in fact<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> there are very solid reasons for thinking that Papias<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> who lived around the year 120 to 140 <\/span><\/em>CE, <\/span><\/em>is not referring to our Mark or our Matthew. The first time anybody refers to Matthew, Mark, Luke<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> and John by name<\/span><\/em>;<\/span><\/em> is Irenaeus in the year 180, a hundred years after these books were written.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

My understanding of the Gospels that they<\/span><\/em> ha<\/span><\/em>ve come down to us is that they were anonymous<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> and we do<\/span><\/em> <\/em>n<\/span><\/em>o<\/span><\/em>t know their names<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> and they<\/span><\/em> we<\/span><\/em>re not built on eyewitness testimony. But the important point that I want to make is that even if the Gospels were written by eyewitnesses or even if they did contain eyewitness accounts<\/span><\/em>;<\/span><\/em> that would not guarantee that they were accurate. Think about our legal system today, are eyewitnesses always accurate in what they report? If so, why do we have trials that call in testimony more than one eyewitness? If eyewitnesses were always a hundred percent accurate in what they report<\/span><\/em>;<\/span><\/em> we would<\/span><\/em> <\/em>n<\/span><\/em>o<\/span><\/em>t need law courts. If we wanted to know what happened<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> we would simply ask somebody. Eyewitnesses do not always get all the information right, but even if they did, it would<\/span><\/em> <\/em>n<\/span><\/em>o<\/span><\/em>t matter because the Gospels of the New Testament do not claim to be written by eyewitnesses, and in fact<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> they were not written by eyewitnesses. <\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Gospels writers were living forty to fifty to sixty years after Jesus. They wrote the Gospels in Greek, Jesus<\/span><\/em>’<\/span><\/em>language was Aramaic. These Gospel<\/span><\/em>s<\/span><\/em> writers were living in a different country<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> decades later. Where did they get their information from? They were not the followers of Jesus<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> they do<\/span><\/em> <\/em>n<\/span><\/em>o<\/span><\/em>t claim to be followers of Jesus, the disciples. They<\/span><\/em> (the Gospels) we<\/span><\/em>re written by later people decades later in a different language. Where did they get their information from? They heard stories about Jesus that had been in circulation year after year after year, decade after decade, down to the time that the Gospel<\/span><\/em>s<\/span><\/em> writers living in a different country, speaking a different language<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> heard the stories. <\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

What happen to oral stories when they are transmitted orally? They change. The Gospel<\/span><\/em>s<\/span><\/em> writers have discrepancies among themselves because the stories that were told and retold were changed over time<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> and the Gospel<\/span><\/em>s<\/span><\/em> writers themselves sometimes change the stories. That<\/span><\/em> i<\/span><\/em>s why there are discrepancies. That<\/span><\/em> i<\/span><\/em>s why scholars might be able to tell you generally what Jesus was about, they can list eight things that Jesus did, but they can<\/span><\/em>no<\/span><\/em>t tell you the details and agree. Why can<\/span><\/em>no<\/span><\/em>t scholars agree? Because there are so many discrepancies that the Gospels are not reliable."[20]<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chapter Three<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Ten Papyri from the second century<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As we mentioned in the previous chapter, the Church's claim of having thousands of copies cannot be a proof of the canonicity of the four gospels because what matters here <\/span>are<\/span> those <\/span>which<\/span> likely belong to the second century only and concern the four gospels only regardless the <\/span>Epistles<\/span> or the book of Revelation. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Institute for New Testament Textual Research (INTF) <\/span>has recorded only ten manuscripts<\/span> that likely date back to the second century. <\/span>However,<\/span> after studying each papyrus separately, we find that <\/span>the method used in <\/span>determining <\/span>its<\/span> date of writing is <\/span>invalid, namely,<\/span> ‘<\/span>the palaeography<\/span><\/span><\/strong>’<\/span>. Furthermore, these ten papyri are discovered recently in the twentieth century after being lost for many centuries, that is, they are not papyri that the Church has preserved over centuries<\/span> or<\/span> knows who wrote them <\/span>or<\/span> how reliable the scribes were. If these papyri were not preserved by the <\/span>e<\/span>arly <\/span>C<\/span>hurch and the <\/span>e<\/span>arly <\/span>C<\/span>hurch <\/span>F<\/span>athers did not care about them, how do contemporary <\/span>C<\/span>hurch cite them as evidence of the canonicity of the Gospels? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

These ten papyri are as follow:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

A- Papyrus (P52):<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Its date of writing disputed among theologians, as most theologians claim and assert that it dates back to 125 CE<\/span>,<\/span>claiming to be the oldest papyrus found from the writings of early Christians. Their purpose <\/span>from<\/span> that claim is to delude people that this scrap may have been copied directly from the original Gospel of John and that copies of the Gospel of John were widespread among countries at th<\/span>at<\/span> time, as that scrap was discovered in Egypt <\/span>in the year 1920.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Moreover, their claim is an attempt to assert that the Gospel of John was written in the first century, as long as there were copies of it spread in the first quarter of the second century.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The date of writing the Gospel of John is disputed among theologians, some of them claim that it dates back to the first century, in the contrast others claim that it dates back to the second century. Meaning that if the Gospel of John was written in the second century, then it was not originally written by John, the disciple of Christ.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Other theologians claim that this papyrus dates back to the year 150, and other theologians claim that it dates back to the year 170. As for most recent studies<\/span>;<\/span> they indicate that this scrap may be dated to the second or third centuries. A study was conducted from the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom, which possesses this scrap, shows that it is likely dates back to the late second century.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

However,<\/span><\/span> all <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span>ese<\/span><\/span> are<\/span><\/span> just a deception <\/span><\/span>and speculation without any strong scientific basis <\/span>since<\/span> their determination of the date of writing <\/span>of <\/span>this papyrus based on palaeography, that is, by studying <\/span>its <\/span>writing<\/span> style and compare <\/span>it with some early Christian writings. However, this scrap cannot be dated based on palaeography for the following reasons:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

• Looking carefully at the picture below, we will find that the number of words in that scrap is very few<\/span>,<\/span> and it is <\/span>imp<\/span>ossible <\/span>for anyone to can <\/span>determine <\/span>its writing<\/span> style <\/span>or in which<\/span> year it was written<\/span>,<\/span> with <\/span>such<\/span> precise determination.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

• Paleography is not a science <\/span>but rather a study that may indicate the century of writing one papyrus, and the result may not also be correct and <\/span>differ in one<\/span> or two or even three centuries. As for those who claimed <\/span>that this papyrus <\/span>date<\/span>s<\/span> back to the year 125 <\/span>CE <\/span>or even 170<\/span> CE<\/span>, how did they manage this precise determination?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

• Palaeography depends on comparing the writing style of <\/span>one <\/span>papyrus with the writing style of other papyri from the same century. How could they compare <\/span>the writing style of this papyrus with the writing style of other papyri from the first quarter of the second century, if there were no papyri that <\/span><\/span>survived<\/span><\/span> from the first quarter of the second century?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

• Palaeography depends on comparing the writing style, which is affected by two factors: 1) Time:<\/strong> The writing method in the English language used during Shakespeare's time is certainly different from the writing style <\/span>used <\/span>today. <\/span>However,<\/span> this definition is not accurate. In our present time, when translating <\/span>or writing <\/span>religious books into English<\/span> Language<\/span>, for example, we find a sharp difference between translators <\/span>or writers <\/span>in the writing style and the choice of words. Some of them <\/span>may <\/span>write in contemporary language and words that are currently used in modern books, and <\/span>others<\/span> may <\/span>want to <\/span>add<\/span> a sacred character on that religious book by selecting words that were used in the past and in an old<\/span>-<\/span>style that may resemble Shakespeare's style of writing. Therefore, nowadays<\/span>,<\/span> there are many books translated but with a writing style similar to the writing style used 400 years ago. Also, the current Greek Orthodox Church at its prayers, pastors pray in an ancient Greek language and not in the modern Greek language<\/span>. Moreover,<\/span> all the official papers issued by the Greek Orthodox Church are written in the ancient Greek language and not in the modern language<\/span>.<\/span> Another example,<\/span> all the official papers issued by the Pope <\/span>of <\/span>Vatican are written <\/span>i<\/span>n Latin and not in Italian. 2) Place:<\/strong> As we know that all the ancient papyri that <\/span>reached<\/span> us today were written in the Greek language, but the Greek language in that era was spread among many countries, and that is why someone who speaks Greek in Greece has a different style from who speaks it in Egypt, Syria or Palestine<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As for the size of that scrap, it is only 9 cm * 6 cm, and it is written <\/span>on<\/span> both <\/span>sides<\/span>. The front side contains seven incomplete lines of John's Gospel, and these lines, as we see in the picture below, contain a few intermittent words from chapter 18 from the verse 31 to the verse 33, <\/span>whereas<\/span> the backside contains a few intermittent words from the verse 37 and the verse 38 from the same chapter.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"..\/Downloads\/P52_verso.jpg\"\"..\/Downloads\/P52_recto.jpg\"\"..\/Downloads\/500px-Rylands_papyrus.jpg\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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B- Papyrus (P64):<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The d<\/span>ate of its writing is controversial<\/span>;<\/span> some theologians date it back to the fourth century, others date it back to the third century, and others date it back to the second century, and all of these speculation<\/span>s<\/span> were according to the palaeography. This scrap was discovered in Egypt<\/span>,<\/span> and <\/span>it <\/span>contains <\/span>a <\/span>few intermittent words from the Gospel of Matthew<\/span>,<\/span> chapter 26<\/span>,<\/span> verse 23<\/span>,<\/span> and verse 31.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"..\/Downloads\/P064-Mat-26.7-8-26.10-26.14-15-II.jpg\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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C- Papyrus (P67):<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This papyrus is a complement to the papyrus<\/span> above<\/span> (P64), that is, they are from the same book, and contains a few intermittent words from the Gospel of Matthew from chapter 3.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"..\/Downloads\/Papyri%20p67.png\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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D- Papyrus (P90):<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Some theologians date it back to the end of the second century<\/span>,<\/span> according to the palaeography. It was discovered in Egypt<\/span>,<\/span> and <\/span>it <\/span>contains a few intermittent words from the Gospel of John<\/span>,<\/span> chapter 18 from verse 36 to chapter 19 verse 7.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"..\/Downloads\/Papyrus_90_(John_19.1-7).jpg\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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E- Papyrus (P104):<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Some theologians date it back to the end of the second century, according to the palaeography. It was discovered in Egypt<\/span>,<\/span> and the front side contains a few intermittent words from the Gospel of Matthew<\/span>,<\/span> chapter 21 from verse 34 to verse 37, while the backside contains traces of unclear writing of verses 43 and 45 from the same chapter. It is crucial to mention here that verse 44 is not mentioned in that papyrus, which means that it is a forged verse that was added in other versions later.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"..\/Downloads\/POxy_v0064_n4404_a_01_hires.jpg\"<\/span> \"..\/Downloads\/POxy.v0064.n4404.b.01.hires.jpg\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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F- Papyrus (P77):<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Some theologians date it back to the end of the second century or early third century, according to palaeography. This papyrus contains a few intermittent words from the Gospel of Matthew from chapter 23 from verse 30 to verse 39.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"..\/Downloads\/P077-Mat-23_30-34-POxy4405-II-III.jpg\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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G- Papyrus (P103):<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Some theologians see that this papyrus is a complement to the previous papyrus (P77), that is, they are from the same book. This papyrus contains a few intermittent words from the Gospel of Matthew from chapter 13 verse 55 and verse 56, and from chapter 14 from verse 3 to verse 5.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"..\/Downloads\/P103-Mat-13_55-56-POxy4403-II-III.jpg\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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H- Papyrus (P66):<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This papyrus is one of Bodmer papyri, which were discovered in Egypt in 1952. They were named after their buyer Martin Bodmer. According to Martin Bodmer, this papyrus dates back to the early third century<\/span>, according to the palaeography<\/span>. However, theologian Brent Nongbri and after an extensive study on that papyrus confirmed that it dates back to the middle of the fourth century<\/span>, after taking into account the form of that papyrus, its literary structure, its way of writing and its origin. As for Herbert Hunger, the researcher in the Byzantine history, claimed that this papyrus may date back to the second century<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As for <\/span>the Institute for New Testament Textual Research (INTF) <\/span>ignored the date set by Martin Bodmer<\/span><\/span>, which is the third century, and the date that Dr. Brent Nongbri determined after extensive studies, which is the middle of the fourth century, and clung to the date set by Herbert Hunger <\/span>who is not a specialist in the palaeography but rather a researcher in Byzantine history, which is the second century.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This papyrus contains parts of John's Gospel, namely: from chapter 1 verse 1 to chapter 6 verse 11, from chapter 6 verse 35 to chapter 14 verse 26, and from chapter 14 also contains verse 29 and verse 30, and from chapter 15 verse 2 to verse 26, and from chapter 16 also contains verse 2, verse 3, verse 4, verse 6, and verse 7, and from chapter 16 verse 10 to chapter 20 verse 20, and from chapter 20 also contains verse 22 and verse 23, and from chapter 20 verse 25 to chapter 21 verse 9, and from chapter 21 it also contains verse 12 and verse 17.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"..\/Downloads\/440px-Papyrus_66_(GA).jpg\"\"..\/Downloads\/500px-Papyrus66.jpg\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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I- Papyrus (P 75):<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This papyrus is one of Bodmer papyri, and according to Martin Bodmer<\/span>,<\/span> this papyrus dates back to the late second century or early third century<\/span>.<\/span> However,<\/span> the theologian Brent Nongbri stressed that the writing style in that papyrus is similar to the writing style used in the fourth century, it is very similar to the style of Codex Vaticanus, dating back to the fourth century.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This papyrus contains parts of Luke's Gospel: from chapter 3 verse 18 to chapter 4 verse 2, from chapter 4 verse 34 to chapter 5 verse 10, from chapter 5 verse 37 to chapter 18 verse 18, and from chapter 22 verse 4 to chapter 24 verse 53.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Also<\/span>,<\/span> this papyrus contains parts of John's Gospel: from chapter 1 verse 1 to chapter 11 verse 45, from chapter 11 verse 48 to verse 57, from chapter 12 verse 3 to chapter 13 verse 19, and from chapter 14 verse 8 to chapter 15 verse 10.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"..\/Downloads\/P75-Bodmer14-Lk24-51-Jn1-1-16.gif\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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J- Papyrus (P98):<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

It is a small scrap from the Book of Revelation from chapter 1 verse 13 to chapter 2 verse 1. Some theologians suggest that according to the palaeography<\/span>,<\/span> it dates back to the second century. Since it does not concern the four Gospels that are the subject of this book, we will not elaborate on it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"..\/Downloads\/Papyrus_98_(Rev_1,13-2.1).JPG\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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K- Papyrus (P46):<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This papyrus contains a few <\/span>Epistles<\/span> of Paul<\/span>.<\/span> S<\/span>ome theologians suggest that according to the palaeography<\/span>,<\/span> it dates back to the end of the second century or early third century. Since it does not concern the four Gospels that are the subject of this book, we will not elaborate on it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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L- Manuscript (0189):<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This manuscript contains the Acts from chapter 5 verse 3 to verse 21, and some theologians suggest that according to the palaeography<\/span>,<\/span> it dates back to the end of the second or early third century. Since it does not concern the four Gospels that are the subject of this book, we will not elaborate on it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Conclusion:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1- These ten papyri identified by the <\/span>Institute for New Testament Textual Research (INTF) <\/span>are just scraps that can denote nothing.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2- All that was mentioned about the date of writing these scraps is only speculations based on the palaeography.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3- The early <\/span>C<\/span>hurch did not preserve any of these papyri<\/span>,<\/span> and they were lost for centuries until they were discovered in Egypt in the twentieth century.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

4- Looking carefully at the pictures of these papyri, we ask: How can the contemporary <\/span>C<\/span>hurch consider these scraps that were not preserved by the early <\/span>C<\/span>hurch <\/span>F<\/span>athers as evidence on the four Gospels canonicity?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

5- These scraps have no known source<\/span>;<\/span> we do<\/span> n<\/span>o<\/span>t know who wrote them<\/span>,<\/span> and under the supervision of which church he wrote them<\/span>.<\/span> In our present time in the modern editions of the Bible, we find the signature of one of the priests and the stamp of his <\/span>C<\/span>hurch on that edition, and even an introduction from this priest or the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch about that edition or the New Testament in general. As for th<\/span>e<\/span>se ten papyri, we do not find in them any phrase that says, for example, “<\/span>I<\/span>t was copied -or translated- by the priest so and so and under the supervision of the priests so and so and approved by the review and audit Committee, and transcription -or translation- was done based on the original version so and so which kept in the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch so and so under the supervision of the priest so and so.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Chapter Four<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

There is no so-called the original Gospel of the Four Gospels<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Neither the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch nor one of the early <\/span>C<\/span>hurch <\/span>F<\/span>athers bothered to preserve the original <\/span>G<\/span>ospels because there was no <\/span>so-called<\/span> "The Original Gospel". The term "Original Gospel" means that one of the disciples of Christ wrote an original <\/span>G<\/span>ospel<\/span>,<\/span> and then one of his followers from the early <\/span>C<\/span>hurch <\/span>F<\/span>athers received it from him<\/span>,<\/span> or one of the early <\/span>C<\/span>hurches received it from him and preserved it in <\/span>her<\/span> library. <\/span>However,<\/span> that was not the case<\/span> with any<\/span>of<\/span> the four gospels.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Unknown people in hundreds of books wrote the content of the stories and incidents that occurred to Jesus, <\/span>and in the late second century four books were chosen from th<\/span>em<\/span> and were attributed to the disciples of Christ to give those books the character of sacredness and to win people's acceptance of them.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Rational questions about the original Gospels:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As is well known, all the Gospels were written on papyrus and were not just oral sayings that people transmitted on their tongues, <\/span>therefore<\/span>, where are the original copies of those Gospels? If John the disciple was the author of the Gospel of John, then where did he write it<\/span>,<\/span> and <\/span>to<\/span> whom did he deliver it? Did he give it to a particular church? How did this original Gospel appear later? Did that church announce that it had the original copy of John's <\/span>G<\/span>ospel and that it received it from John <\/span>hand to<\/span> hand? Are there any witnesses to that? Where is the original copy of John's <\/span>G<\/span>ospel? How did that <\/span>C<\/span>hurch not preserve its most important book? If John the disciple was the author of the Gospel of John, then how is it possible that we find in the Church's definition of this Gospel the phrase "the author of this Gospel is likely John<\/span>,<\/span> the disciple"? Is it doubtful<\/span>,<\/span> or is it clear?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Chapter Five<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Anonymous Epistles within the New Testament<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Epistle to the Hebrews is an anonymous epistle that has neither a known source nor writer:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Yes, the Church has collected its Bible from anonymous books that have neither a known source nor a known writer. Evidence <\/span>on<\/span> this<\/span>,<\/span> is the <\/span>Epistle<\/span> to the Hebrews, that currently <\/span>exist inside<\/span> the Bible, <\/span>despite<\/span> the fact that <\/span>the Church does not know who <\/span>wrote it<\/span>. Several names <\/span>were<\/span> proposed to choose from them <\/span>a<\/span> name <\/span>of<\/span> the<\/span> writer <\/span>of<\/span>this anonymous letter, such as: Pope Clement I, Barnabas, Paul, Luke, Apollos, Priscilla, and others. The Western <\/span>C<\/span>hurches until the fourth century claimed that the writer is Pope Clement I, but later they changed their opinion and claimed that Paul the Apostle is the real writer. As for Tertullian attributed this letter to Barnabas, while Origen believed that the writer might be Luke the Evangelist.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

We ask<\/span>;<\/span> from where did this <\/span>epistle<\/span> appear<\/span>?<\/span> W<\/span>hy does the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch not know the name of its author? Where did the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch find that <\/span>epistle<\/span>? Did <\/span>one<\/span> C<\/span>hurch present it <\/span>without<\/span> mention<\/span>ing<\/span> the name of<\/span> the author? Why did the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch place that letter in its holy book<\/span>,<\/span> attribut<\/span>ing<\/span> it to the word of God and claim<\/span>ing<\/span> that the Holy Spirit<\/span> inspired it<\/span>?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Although the author's name is not known, the original King James translation of the Bible has titled that letter "Paul's Letter to the Hebrews<\/span>,<\/span>" <\/span>even though<\/span> the attribution to Paul was merely a guess without evidence, and recent studies have shown that the attribution to Paul is incorrect. The writing style of that letter and Paul's writing style are very different, the theological focus is different between them, the spiritual experience is different, the Greek vocabulary used is different<\/span>.<\/span> Nowadays,<\/span> the <\/span>current <\/span>Church and theologians <\/span>are rejecting<\/span> that the author of that letter <\/span>to be<\/span> Paul.<\/span> [21]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Chapter six<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

A quick tour in the history of the New Testament<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The apparent disconnect between the four Gospels and the second century:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In this explanation of the history of the New Testament, we will limit ourselves solely to the points that are subject of consensus in the Church, to be deterministic points of significance, <\/span>so<\/span> the matter to be definitively clarified to the reader, God willing:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1- The current Greek Orthodox Church in Greece wrote in the introduction of its latest edition of the Bible in modern Greek language:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"After Christ<\/span><\/em> and<\/span><\/em> in the first century, the Bible for Christians <\/span><\/span><\/em>that<\/span><\/span><\/em> approved by all churches was the Old Testament only[22]<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/em>, and any phrase like<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> “the Bible says” or<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> “the Law says” or “as it was said in the Prophets,” was intended as the Old Testament."<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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2- Writer Karen Armstrong says:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"During the <\/span><\/em>l<\/span><\/em>ate Second Temple period, the Jesus movement had been just one of a multitude of fiercely competing sects. It had some unusual features, but, like several of the other groups, the first Christians regarded themselves as the true Israel, and had no intention of breaking away from Judaism ... they (Christians) continued to live as devout, orthodox Jews ... Jesus’s followers continued to revere the Torah, keep the Sabbath, and the observance of the dietary laws[23]<\/span><\/strong><\/a> was a matter of extreme importance to them."[24]<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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3- Karen Armstrong also says:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"(Paul) had joined the Christian movement some three years after Jesus. He had never known Jesus personally, and had initially hostile to the sect, but had been converted by a revelation, which convinced him the Christos had appointed him to be the apostle to the gentiles (non-Jewish nations). Paul travelled widely in the diaspora in Syria, Asia Minor<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> and Greece, determined to spread the gospel the bible. He wrote letters to his converts, answering their questions, exhorting them and explaining the faith. Paul did not think for a moment that he was writing 'scripture'; because he was convinced that Jesus would return in his own lifetime, he never imagined that future generations would pore over his epistles." [25]<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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4- The Jesuit Arabic translation<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span>[26]<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/a> <\/strong>of the Bible says in its introduction about the New Testament:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"The sayings of Christ and what the apostles preached were transmitted by the tongues for a long time, and only after the death of the last apostle did the early Christians feel the need to write down what the Apostles taught<\/span>. The question of the status of these new works had to be raised one day, even if the oral tradition at the beginning enjoyed <\/span><\/em>a <\/span><\/em>better place than the written works. <\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

It seems that Christians, until about the year 150, gradually without they feel -except very little- started to create a new set of Scriptures. Most probably they gathered together<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> in the beginning<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> Paul's letters and they used them in their <\/span><\/em>C<\/span><\/em>hurch life. Their goal was never to create a complement to the Bible (the Old Testament), but <\/span><\/em>instead,<\/span><\/em> <\/em>they let the incidents <\/strong>direct them. Paul's <\/span><\/em>Epistles<\/span><\/em> were written while the evangelical tradition was still mostly transmitted on the tongues of people. Paul himself had recommended that his letters be read and circulated among the adjacent churches ... Although these letters had a high standing, there is no testimony before the beginning of the second century that these letters were considered sacred<\/span> or had the same standing of the Bible (the Old Testament).<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Throughout this period<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> <\/em>the significance of the Gospels does not appear as clear as it appears in the case of Paul's letters. Yes, the writings of the early Christians scribes always had<\/span><\/em> <\/em>passages from the evangelical tradition, but it is difficult every time to confirm whether the evidence was taken from written texts that were in the hands of these scribes, or did they merely recall parts of the oral tradition. Whatever the case, there is no testimony before the year 140 that proves that people knew a set of written Biblical texts. At that period nobody had mentioned that any of these Biblical texts had a mandatory character, only in the second half of the second century started to appear some testimonies that gradually over time started to become clearer that there is a group of gospels and that they have a mandatory character, and that adjective was recognized gradually. <\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Around the year 150, a decisive era began to form the New Testament Law. St. Justin Martyr (who lived between the years 100-165) was the first to mention that "Christians read gospels in Sunday's meetings (without specifying what those gospels <\/span><\/em>we<\/span><\/em>re and without specifying if between them any of the four Gospels) and that they consider them works of the Apostles -or at least people who had a closely connection with the Apostles- and they treat those works as they treat the Holy Book (Old Testament)." <\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

If these books were given such high status, it is not primarily due to their apostolic origin (i.e.<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> because they were written from any of the Apostles), but rather because it tells the story of "the Lord" according to the transmitted tradition. <\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Then people started quickly to emphasize the attribution of these writings to the Apostles, in particular for the need to protect them from the spreading of similar publications that were similar from outside while in content were just a silly tradition similar to what weaves imagination in the state of delirium. <\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The four Gospels around the year 140 were considered as ‘canonical literature<\/span><\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/span><\/em>’<\/span><\/span><\/em> even though that word was not used until then.<\/span><\/em> <\/em>As for the Pauline Epistles, they were fully incorporated into the Law when that opinion inside the Church prevailed that a law for the New Testament must be obtained."[27]<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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5- The appearance of dozens of Bibles:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- Many people wrote what they heard from stories about Jesus on papyrus manuscripts<\/span>;<\/span> evidence for this is what was mentioned in the Gospel of Luke chapter 1 verse 1: "1<\/span><\/sup> Forasmuch as many<\/strong> have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration<\/strong> of those things which are most surely believed among us<\/strong>, 2<\/sup> Even as THEY<\/strong> delivered them unto us, which from the beginning were eyewitnesses, and ministers of the word; 3<\/sup> It seemed good to me also<\/strong>, having had perfect<\/strong> understanding<\/strong> of all things from the very first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus, 4<\/sup> That thou mightest know the certainty of those things, wherein thou hast been instructed.<\/span>"[28]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- Helmy El-Kommos Yaacoub[29]<\/span><\/a>, the Coptic researcher, said in his answer to the question<\/span>,<\/span> ‘What were the motives that prompted the church to collect the canonical books?’: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"The emergence of a huge number of Apocryphal books that were attributed to the apostles falsely, so dozens of Bibles appeared that contained false stories, especially to cover the period of Christ childhood, the life of Mary the Christ’s Mother and whatever else that the canonical books did not write down, so the canonical books had to be sorted from the Apocrypha, so the Church approved the canonicity of the canonical holy books and excluded all the Apocrypha."<\/span><\/em>[30]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- The British Encyclopedia mentioned the following:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"Indeed, until the year 150, Christians could produce writings either anonymously or pseudonymously—i.e., using the name of some acknowledged important biblical or apostolic figure. The practice was not believed to be either a trick or fraud<\/span>. Apart from letters in which the person of the writer was clearly attested—as in those of Paul, which have distinctive historical, theological, and stylistic traits peculiar to Paul—the other writings (i.e.<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> Gospels) placed their emphases on the message or revelation conveyed, and the author was considered to be only an instrument or witness<\/span> to the Holy Spirit or the Lord. When the message was committed to writing, the instrument (i.e.<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> the writer) was considered irrelevant, because the true author was believed to be the Spirit<\/span>. By the mid-2nd century, however, with the delay of the final coming (the Parousia) of the Messiah as the victorious eschatological (end-time) judge and with a resulting increased awareness of history, increasingly a distinction was made between the apostolic time and the present. There also was a gradual cessation of “authentically pseudonymous” writings in which the author could identify with Christ and the Apostles and thereby gain ecclesiastical recognition<\/span>."[31]<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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6- The spread of heresy:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In his answer to the question<\/span>,<\/span> ‘What were the motives that prompted the church to collect the canonical books?’ Helmy El-Kommos Yaacoub[32]<\/span><\/a>, the Coptic researcher, said: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"There was a need to define the canonical holy books because of some heresies that started to spread."[33]<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Examples of these heresies include: 1) The heresy of Marcion (Marcion of Sinope) and the spread of his <\/span>G<\/span>ospel, which was <\/span>widespread and known <\/span>in many <\/span>C<\/span>hurches in <\/span>many<\/span> countries<\/span> as <\/span>the "Gospel of the Lord"<\/span> or<\/span> the "Gospel of Marcion". 2) The heresy of the <\/span>Ebionites<\/span>, and the spread of their <\/span>G<\/span>ospel, which was <\/span>known as<\/span> the "Gospel of the <\/span>Ebionites,<\/span>" some claim that the <\/span>Ebionites<\/span> were following the "Gospel of the Hebrews<\/span>.<\/span>" 3) The heresy of Cerinthus and the spread of his <\/span>G<\/span>ospel, which was called the "Gospel of Cerinthus<\/span>.<\/span>" And many other heresies that were wide-spread.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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7- The struggle between beliefs, heresies, and Gospels:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

D<\/span>ue to the spread of heresies, especially in the first and second centuries, a fierce conflict erupted between beliefs. Thus, dozens of Bibles emerged and were attributed falsely to any of the twelve disciples to obtain the characteristic of sacredness and the acceptance <\/span>of<\/span> people and to become proof for each side against the others. Among the most <\/span>critical<\/span> conflicts was the one regarding the deity of Christ, on which the Gospel of John specifically played an important role.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Chapter Seven<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Gospel of John and the Greek Philosophy<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1- The sudden appearance of John's Gospel:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As we mentioned earlier, the first person <\/span>to<\/span> mention the existence of a <\/span>Gospel<\/span> written by one of the disciples was Irenaeus in the year 180. Some claim that because of the emergence of heresies at the time of John<\/span>,<\/span> the disciple, the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch Fathers of Asia Minor<\/span>,<\/span> asked John to write a <\/span>G<\/span>ospel to respond to these heresies, but this claim is <\/span>invalid<\/span> and has no evidence. <\/span>Besides<\/span>, how <\/span>there is <\/span>no <\/span>C<\/span>hurch in Asia Minor -or <\/span>even <\/span>anywhere else- has heard about the existence of this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel if they <\/span>indeed <\/span>asked John to write it? Why did not any of the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch <\/span>F<\/span>athers in the first century or <\/span>at<\/span> the beginning of the second century cite it, while we find that the first indication of its existence was in the year 180?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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2- Using the Gospel of John to respond to the deniers of the deity of Christ and heresies:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

All the information that reached the current <\/span>C<\/span>hurch about heresies that appeared in the late first and second centuries depends on what Irenaeus wrote in his book "Against Heresies.<\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Although the original copy of "Against Heresies<\/span>"<\/span> has never <\/span>reach<\/span>ed<\/span> the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch and the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch has relied on a Latin translation of <\/span>it, <\/span>the Church believed all that was mentioned in that Latin translation<\/span>, even though the Church neither knew who was Irenaeus nor who translated that Latin translation<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Irenaeus launched a war against a number of the early <\/span>C<\/span>hurch <\/span>F<\/span>athers and <\/span>many of the<\/span> early Christian groups, and many of the Gospels, which were widespread and were attributed to any of the disciples of Christ. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

On this, Irenaeus called one of the Christian groups "<\/span>Ebionites<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>" <\/span>(<\/span>which means the poor<\/span>)<\/span> and criticized them and their creed calling it "the heresy of the <\/span>Ebionites,<\/span>" he also criticized their <\/span>G<\/span>ospel calling it "Gospel of the <\/span>Ebionites<\/span>.<\/span>"<\/span> Irenaeus also criticized Marcion and his doctrine<\/span>,<\/span> calling it "the heresy of Marcion<\/span>,<\/span>" and criticized the gospel that Marcion was following, which was widespread in many countries and churches, and called it "Gospel of Marcion". Irenaeus also criticized Cerinthus and the gospel that Cerinthus was following<\/span>,<\/span> and called it the "Gospel of Cerinthus.” Irenaeus also criticized Carpocrates, who was also following the "Gospel of Cerinthus,” and criticized Saturninus, and Basilides and their beliefs.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Thus, Irenaeus criticized many of the early <\/span>C<\/span>hurch <\/span>F<\/span>athers and wrote about them and their beliefs. Therefore, we do not know what they believed in except for what Irenaeus wrote about them, and as for their writings<\/span>,<\/span> nothing of them <\/span>has<\/span> reach<\/span>ed<\/span> us. Based on this<\/span>;<\/span> we will never know whether they were heretics or if they were on the right creed because we will never be able to reach their authentic writings and sayings. As for the current Church, it repeats the words of Irenaeus without questioning any of what he mentioned. For example, the current church says about Cerinthus that the early <\/span>C<\/span>hurch <\/span>F<\/span>athers criticized him and criticized his heresy, but if you search more <\/span>o<\/span>n this topic<\/span>,<\/span> you will found out that the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch means by "the early <\/span>C<\/span>hurch <\/span>F<\/span>athers,<\/span>"<\/span> only Irenaeus<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Irenaeus relied mainly on the Gospel of John in his responses <\/span><\/span>to all what he called heresies. Based on this, it is very likely, as we mentioned earlier that he attributed the <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel<\/span><\/span> which he was following it and quoting from it, to John<\/span> the disciple of Christ, and claimed that his teacher Polycarp was a disciple of John<\/span>,<\/span> so that his saying<\/span>s<\/span>becom<\/span>e<\/span> the correct saying<\/span>s<\/span> in front of people<\/span>,<\/span> and to establish the doctrine that he sees <\/span>as<\/span> the correct <\/span>one<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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3- The difference between the Gospel of John and the other three gospels:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Church calls the three Gospels Matthew, Mark<\/span>,<\/span> and Luke<\/span>,<\/span> the "Bodily Gospels,” while the Gospel of John calls the "Spiritual Gospel.<\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Church also calls the three Gospels Matthew, Mark<\/span>,<\/span> and Luke the "<\/span>S<\/span>ynoptic Gospels" because they are similar, they include many of the same stories, often in a similar sequence and in similar or sometimes identical wording. This similarity <\/span>is <\/span>known as the "Synoptic Problem<\/span>,<\/span>"<\/span> and these three gospels stand in contrast to the gospel of John, whose content is mainly distinct<\/span>;<\/span> therefore<\/span>,<\/span> the Gospel of John is called the "Independent Gospel.<\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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4- The reason for writing the Gospel of John:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The author of this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel explains the purpose of writing it in chapter 20 verse 31: "31<\/span><\/sup> But these are written, that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye might have life through his name.<\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Thus, the Church sees that this gospel was written to prove the divinity of Christ and that he is the Messiah expected by the Jews.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Whereas the other <\/span>G<\/span>ospels did not proclaim the divinity of Christ, we find that the Gospel of John began by claiming the deity of Christ, in chapter 1<\/span>,<\/span> verse 1 it says: "1<\/span><\/sup> In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.<\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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5- The place of writing of the Gospel of John and its writing style:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Scholars differed significantly in determining the place of writing, as it was said that it might <\/span>was<\/span> written in Ephesus, Antioch, or in Alexandria, Egypt, as the oldest manuscript copied from it was found in Alexandria, and this Gospel bears a Hellenic (Greek) character that fits Alexandria's thought affected by Philo of Alexandria, the Alexandrian Jewish philosopher (20 BC<\/span>E<\/span>- 45 <\/span>CE<\/span>).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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6- The author of the Gospel of John was quoting from the<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span> <\/strong><\/u><\/span>Greek<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span> <\/strong><\/u><\/span>philosophy:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"AJohn's Gospel began with the words: "1<\/span><\/sup> In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.<\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In reality, however, the first who invented the term “WORD<\/span>” (<\/span>‘<\/span>logos<\/span>’,<\/span> in Greek<\/span> language<\/span> ‘<\/span>λ\u03ccγος<\/span>’<\/span>) was the Greek philosopher Heraclitus <\/span>who lived from 535 to 475 B.C.<\/span> He considered the “WORD” as the “Whole Law of the Universe” and also said that the world was in a fluid state and was incoherent, but the impersonal and unchanging ‘divine Logos<\/span>’<\/span> held it tightly and led the process of change.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Many Greek philosophers have used the term "Word" in different ways, and among these philosophers: Aristotle, the sophists, and Plato who defined the "Word" as "The impersonal and unchanging Logos<\/span> <\/em><\/span>that <\/span><\/em>kept the planets in their orbits and defined the seasons."<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Also, the term "Word" was used by the Stoic philosophers, who defined it as "The moving divine principle that permeates the universe,” and also defined it as "The effective principle in the world, or ‘the mind of the world’ or its director, and it is the one who popularizes life in the world, and organizes the negative element in the world that is the ‘Material’."<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In Hellenic Judaism (i.e.<\/span>,<\/span> Judaism influenced by Greek philosophy and culture), Philo of Alexandria, the Alexandrian Jewish philosopher, adopted this term in Jewish philosophy, and defined it as: <\/span>"<\/span><\/em>The first force emanating from God, and that it is the place of all images, and the first paradigm of all things, and it is the inner force that revives things and connects them. It interferes in the formation of the world, but it is not a creator. It is the mediator between God and people, and it guides the people and enables them to rise to see God. But its role is always the role of the mediator."<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Philo defined the ‘Word’ (logos) as "deity" but distinguished it from God by using the definite article that is added to God "The Deity,” and did not use definite article to logos.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As for the writer of the Gospel of John, he defined the term "Word" as being the God Himself<\/span>, and then defined Christ as "the incarnate word".<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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7- Church Fathers who followed and supported the Gospel of John, were all influenced by the Greek Philosophy and the Apocryphal Jewish Books:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1) Many of the early <\/span><\/strong>C<\/span><\/strong>hurch <\/span><\/strong>F<\/span><\/strong>athers were influenced by Philo of Alexandria, the Alexandrian Jewish philosopher:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As mentioned above, the Gospel of John bears a Hellenic (Greek) character and is influenced by the writings of Philo of Alexandria, the Alexandrian Jewish philosopher. Philo used philosophical allegory to harmonize Jewish scripture, mainly the Torah, with Greek philosophy. His allegorical exegesis was very important for some early Church Fathers who received his works with great enthusiasm<\/span>,<\/span> and they claimed that Philo might be Christian hiding his Christian faith<\/span>. Many scholars say that Philo's concept of the "Word" as <\/span>‘<\/span>God's creative principle<\/span>’<\/span>greatly influenced early Christianity and that the writer of the Gospel of John quoted this concept from Philo, but while Philo had expressed it in a Jewish philosophical concept, the author of the Gospel of John has expressed it in a Christian philosophical concept.<\/span> [34]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Matt Stefon mentioned in his book “Judaism: History, Belief, and Practice”: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"<\/span><\/em>Philo’s use of Greek philosophy, especially of Plato’s philosophy, in aligning the Torah ideas with his concept of the “Word” as a mediator between God and the world, has caused the founding of Neoplatonism, Gnosticism and the philosophical view of the early <\/span><\/span><\/em>C<\/span><\/span><\/em>hurch <\/span><\/span><\/em>F<\/span><\/span><\/em>athers<\/span><\/span><\/em>."<\/span><\/em> [35]<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/sup><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2) <\/span><\/strong>St. Justin Martyr<\/span><\/strong>[36]<\/span><\/span><\/a>, influenced by Greek philosophy:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As we mentioned earlier, the Jesuit translation mentioned in its introduction about the New Testament that St. Justin Martyr (who lived between the years 100-165) was the first to mention that "Christians read <\/em><\/span>G<\/span><\/em>ospels in Sunday's meetings and that they consider them works of the Apostles."<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Church rel<\/span>ies<\/span> upon what St. Justin Martyr mentioned to prove the existence of Bibles in the middle of the second century. But if we review the biography of St. Justin Martyr, we find that he was greatly influenced by Greek philosophy and was one of the most prominent who interpreted the concept of "Word" (logos) in the second century. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

St. Justin Martyr also mentioned the existence of the ‘True Religion’ that preceded Christianity<\/span>, saying that <\/span>‘<\/span>the seeds of Christianity<\/span>’<\/span> (manifestations of works of the "Word" throughout history)<\/span><\/em>, had already preceded the incarnation of Christ, and that many known Greek philosophers (including Socrates and Plato), whose philosophical works he[37]<\/span><\/a> learn<\/span>t<\/span> well, are considered unaware Christians<\/span> (i.e.<\/span>,<\/span> they followed Christian faith without they realize that).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3) Papias, influenced by the Apocrypha<\/span><\/strong>l<\/span><\/strong> <\/strong>Jewish books:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As we mentioned in chapter <\/span>one;<\/span> Eusebius of Caesarea wrote about Papias that ‘he was a man of very little intelligence<\/span>’<\/span> <\/span>who<\/span> was influenced by the Apocrypha<\/span>l<\/span> Jewish books<\/span> and<\/span> believed in the Millennial Kingdom heresy <\/span><\/span>in its literal sense.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

4) Clement of Alexandria, influenced by Greek philosophy:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

He was one of the most prominent advocates of the Gospel of John and was the head of the Cathedral School of Alexandria. Through his three most important books<\/span>,<\/span> it is <\/span>apparent<\/span> how deeply influenced by Greek philosophy and literature, especially Plato's philosophy and Stoic philosophy<\/span>,<\/span> more than any other Christian thinker of his time. His teacher was St. Pantaenus[38]<\/span><\/a>, who was a famous Greek Stoic philosopher, and he (i.e.<\/span>,<\/span> St. Pantaenus) was a pagan <\/span>who<\/span> converted to Christianity, and tried hard to reconcile the Greek philosophy he excels in with his new religion, Christianity. St. Pantaenus greatly influenced Christian theology through his work as head of the Cathedral School of Alexandria, and after his death, he was succeeded by Clement of Alexandria as head of the school.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Clement of Alexandria was considered a saint in all of the Coptic Church, the Ethiopian Church, and the Anglican Church, just as the Roman Catholic Church previously considered him a saint and celebrated his feast on the fourth of December<\/span>.<\/span> However<\/span><\/span> suddenly his name was erased from the record of the martyrs in the Roman Catholic Church <\/span><\/span>in 1586 by order of the Pope Clement IV<\/span>, moreover,<\/span> Pope Benedict XIV wrote a letter to the king of Portugal, John V, explaining enthusiastically that the reason behind this omission is based on the existence of some corrupt teachings in his writings<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Among the pupils of Clement of Alexandria is <\/span>Origen of Alexandria[39]<\/span><\/a><\/span>, who was one of the most influential figures in early Christian theology, and was described as the most brilliant genius produced by the <\/span>E<\/span>arly Church.<\/span>Origen of Alexandria<\/span> succeeded Clement of Alexandria as head of the cathedral school of Alexandria<\/span>. However, <\/span>the Coptic Church later deprived <\/span>Origen of his priestly rank, and so did the Chalcedonian <\/span>C<\/span>hurches because of the dogmatic errors found in his writings<\/span>, as well as he had castrated himself as a young man so that he could preach to women <\/span>f<\/span>reely (as Eusebius of Caesarea mentioned about him) and the eunuch may not receive a priestly rank.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

5) Many early Church Fathers, influenced by Greek philosophy:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Many of the early Church Fathers who followed and supported the Gospel of John, <\/span>by<\/span> reviewing their biographies, we find how <\/span>they were <\/span>influenced by Greek philosophy (but will not mention them all here so that the book does not last long).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

6) Tertullian’s hostility to Greek philosophy:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Tertullian (who was dubbed “the father of Latin Christianity<\/span>” and also “the founder of Western theology<\/span>”) criticized<\/span><\/strong> the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch <\/span>F<\/span>athers who were philosophers or influenced by Greek philosophy and criticized the heresies and myths that they brought into Christian<\/span><\/span>ity<\/span><\/span>, saying: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"<\/span><\/em>What<\/span><\/em> kind of<\/span><\/em> relationship can be between Athens and Jerusalem<\/span><\/em>?<\/span><\/em> <\/em>B<\/span><\/em>etween the Academy and the Church<\/span><\/em>?<\/span><\/em>B<\/span><\/span><\/em>etween heretics and believers? ... We are innocent of those who invented Stoic Christianity, Platonic Christianity, Epicurean Christianity, or Dialectical Christianity<\/span><\/span><\/em> after Christ and the Gospel. We do not need anything, is there any room for <\/span><\/em>the <\/span><\/em>analogy between the Christian and the philosopher, between the disciple of Heaven and the disciple of Greece, between who aims life and who aims fame, between who builds and who destroys, between who maintains the truth and preaches it and who spoils it?"<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The strange thing is that Tertullian himself fell into heresies and used Greek philosophy and <\/span><\/span>the <\/span><\/span>Apocrypha<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>Jewish books<\/span><\/span>, as he was a believer in the "Millennial Kingdom" in its literal sense, and he was also one of the founders of the doctrine of the Trinity (Holy Trinity)[40]<\/span><\/a> and incorporated it into the Christian religion. In the end, Tertullian fell into severe heresy<\/span> and was a follower of the Montanian doctrine (Montanism) founded by Montanus<\/span>,<\/span> who falsely claimed prophecy, and Tertullian strongly defended Montanism and attracted many followers to it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

8- Attribution to Christ phrases beginning with the word "I" in John's Gospel:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

John's <\/span>G<\/span>ospel is the only <\/span>one<\/span> that attributed many phrases to Jesus, starting with the word "I,<\/span>"<\/span> although<\/span> none of these phrases <\/span>wa<\/span>s mentioned in any other <\/span>G<\/span>ospel. These phrases are always used by priests who support the idea of deity of Christ in their debates with priests and churches <\/span>that <\/span>oppos<\/span>e<\/span> the deity of Christ. Among these phrases:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"35<\/span><\/sup> I am the bread of life: he that cometh to me shall never hunger; and he that believeth on me shall never thirst.<\/span>" (John 6:35)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"29<\/span><\/sup> I know him: for I am from him, and he hath sent me.<\/span>" (John 7:29)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"12<\/span><\/sup> I am the light of the world.<\/span>" (John 8:12)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"19<\/span><\/sup> Then said they unto him, Where is thy Father? Jesus answered, Ye neither know me, nor my Father: if ye had known me, ye should have known my Father also.<\/span>" (John 8:19)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"23<\/span><\/sup> And he said unto them, Ye are from beneath; I am from above: ye are of this world; I am not of this world.<\/span>" (John 8:23)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"58<\/span><\/sup> Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Before Abraham was, I am.<\/span>" (John 8:58)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"11<\/span><\/sup> I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep.<\/span>" (John 10:11)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"30<\/span><\/sup> I and my Father are one.<\/span>" (John 10:30)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"38<\/span><\/sup> But if I do, though ye believe not me, believe the works: that ye may know, and believe, that the Father is in me, and I in him.<\/span>" (John 10:38)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"25<\/span><\/sup> I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live.<\/span>" (John 11:25)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"45<\/span><\/sup> And he that seeth me seeth him that sent me.<\/span>" (John 12:45)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"6<\/span><\/sup> I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me.<\/span>" (John 14:6)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"7<\/span><\/sup> If ye had known me, ye should have known my Father also: and from henceforth ye know him, and have seen him. 8<\/sup> Philip saith unto him, Lord, show us the Father, and it sufficeth us. 9<\/sup> Jesus saith unto him, Have I been so long time with you, and yet hast thou not known me, Philip? he that hath seen me hath seen the Father; and how sayest thou then, Show us the Father? 10<\/sup> Believest thou not that I am in the Father, and the Father in me? the words that I speak unto you I speak not of myself: but the Father that dwelleth in me, he doeth the works. 11<\/sup> Believe me that I am in the Father, and the Father in me: or else believe me for the very works' sake. 12<\/sup> Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me, the works that I do shall he do also; and greater works than these shall he do; because I go unto my Father. 13<\/sup> And whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do, that the Father may be glorified in the Son.<\/span>" (John 14:7-13)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The American Bishop John Shelby Spong said: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"Among the conclusions that I have reached in my intensive five-year-long study of John’s Gospel are these: <\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1) There is probably not a single word attributed to Jesus in this book that the Jesus of history actually spoke. This includes all the “I Am<\/span>” sayings and all of the “Farewell Discourses.” 2) There is no way that the Fourth Gospel was written by John Zebedee or by any of the disciples of Jesus. The author of this book is not a single individual, but is at least three different writers\/editors, who did their layered work over a period of 25 to 30 years."[41]<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

9- The Church's Dependence on John's Gospel to Resist Heresies:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The term "Church,<\/span>"<\/span> which is used by many who talk about the Church's war with heresies, is deceptive. Because it makes us imagine that there was one united Church, and it was resisting those who went astray from the straight path and the right <\/span>creed<\/span>. <\/span>Moreover<\/span>, the truth is that the <\/span><\/span>C<\/span><\/span>hurches at that time were in a constant struggle with each other, divided and dispersed, without a clear <\/span><\/span>or<\/span><\/span> firm belief<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Example of this is<\/span>,<\/span> m<\/span>ost <\/span>C<\/span>hurches and early Church Fathers believed in the Millennial Kingdom in its literal <\/span><\/span>sense<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>and <\/span>among them<\/span> are<\/span>: Papias, Polycarp, Irenaeus, St. Justin Martyr, Melito, Bishop of Sardis<\/span>[42]<\/span><\/span><\/a>, Tertullian, Hippolytus of Rome<\/span>[43]<\/span><\/span><\/a>, Ambrose, Bishop of Milan<\/span>[44]<\/span><\/span><\/a>, Nepos of Egypt<\/span>[45]<\/span><\/span><\/a>, and others, <\/span>while<\/span> their opponents were very few<\/span><\/span>.<\/span> Thus,<\/span> the belief of the Millennial Kingdom in its literal meaning prevailed and lasted for four centuries<\/span>, and it was not denounced in any of the Ecumenical Councils<\/span>.<\/span> However,<\/span> the law of Nicene Faith (Nicene Creed) which was formulated in the Council of Nicaea in the year 325 <\/span>CE<\/span> at the invitation of Emperor Constantine the Great, strengthened the doctrine of the Trinity and added a phrase saying "Whose kingdom never ends,<\/span>"<\/span> and this tacitly indicates that Jesus will not come to rule the earth for a thousand years, as it was believed<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The question that arises now is:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

If the term "Church" means the presence of one and united <\/span>C<\/span>hurch and that whoever opposes it is a heretic<\/span>;<\/span> then why did the doctrine of that united <\/span><\/span>C<\/span><\/span>hurch change<\/span><\/span> from faith in the Millennial Kingdom in its literal sense and became after the passing of four centuries faith in its symbolic meaning?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The answer to this question<\/span><\/strong> is<\/span><\/strong>:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Any<\/span> change <\/span>happened to<\/span> the doctrine of the Church, in general, was due to power and authority and not unanimity and argument<\/span><\/span>. For example,<\/span> the Council of Nicaea was held by order of Emperor Constantine the Great and under his direct supervision, <\/span>thus<\/span>, the <\/span>C<\/span>hurches that <\/span>could<\/span> rely on the power of the emperor were the victorious <\/span>at<\/span> the end. That is why, although the doctrine of the Millennium Kingdom in its literal sense expresses the opinion of the majority of the early Church Fathers, the opinion of the minority of the early Church Fathers is what ultimately triumphed. Thus, who was previously called "heretic" because of his belief in the symbolic meaning of the Millennial kingdom, which is a belief contrary to the faith of most <\/span>C<\/span>hurches, he became called "Saint,<\/span>"<\/span> and who<\/span>ever<\/span> believed in the literal meaning of the Millennial Kingdom became called "heretic<\/span>.<\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As for the term "heresy" also is deceptive, because the victor who relied on the power of the emperor or king called those who opposed him "heretics" and described them as deviating from the correct doctrine of the Church.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As for us in our time, we cannot know who was right and who was a heretic in the early centuries of the church, because the victor has always burn<\/span>t<\/span> the books of opponents and exiled them or even imprisoned them, and persecuted their followers. Thus, we do not know what the opponents' arguments were, except for what the victor wrote about them. Based on this, who can guarantee if the victor was mentioning the true sayings of his opponents, or he just affixed false statements to them to distort their image and their arguments<\/span>!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Moreover, i<\/span>f we condemn one of the early Church Fathers that he was a heretic without hearing his arguments, and based solely on the statements of the victorious one, then we will be like the judge who heard from <\/span>one part<\/span>without hearing the other.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The best example of this is the <\/span>s<\/span>o-called "Arius heresy,” if we ask any of the priests of our time about Arius, we will find that the<\/span>ir<\/span> response is one, namely that Arius was the greatest heretic in the history of humanity. <\/span>However,<\/span>if we ask them<\/span>;<\/span> what <\/span>the evidence of his heresy is?<\/span> T<\/span>he response will be to invoke what his enemies wrote about him and what they attributed to him from sayings and creed.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

What is not known to many Christians today is that Arianism was not just a sect of Christianity, but was the dominant belief in most <\/span>C<\/span>hurches. Most European countries followed the Arius doctrine<\/span>, and many European kings, emperors<\/span>,<\/span> and patriarchs were Arians. St. Jerome said his famous saying, which shows how Arianism was the dominant doctrine: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"The world awoke with <\/span><\/span><\/em>a <\/span><\/span><\/em>groan to find itself Arian<\/span><\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/span><\/em>"<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chapter Eight<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Were the scribes of the four Gospels, disciples of Jesus Christ?<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Names of the Four Gospels:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1- The <\/span>Gospel<\/span> according to Matthew’s account, 2- The <\/span>Gospel<\/span> according to Mark’s account, 3- The <\/span>Gospel<\/span>according to Luke’s account, 4- The <\/span>Gospel<\/span> according to John’s account.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

We<\/span>re Matthew, Mark, Luke<\/span>,<\/span> and John, to whom these four <\/span>G<\/span>ospels <\/span>we<\/span>re attributed, disciples of Jesus?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

The names of the disciples of Jesus according to the four gospels:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"2<\/sup> Now the names of the twelve apostles are these; The first, <\/span><\/span>Simon<\/span><\/span>, who is called <\/span><\/span>Peter<\/span><\/span>, and <\/span><\/span>Andrew<\/span><\/span> his brother; <\/span><\/span>James<\/span><\/span> the son of Zebedee, and <\/span><\/span>John<\/span><\/span> his brother; 3<\/sup> <\/span><\/span>Philip<\/span><\/span>, and <\/span><\/span>Bartholomew<\/span><\/span>; <\/span><\/span>Thomas<\/span><\/span>, and <\/span><\/span>Matthew<\/span><\/span> the publican;<\/span><\/span>James<\/span><\/span> the son of Alphaeus, and <\/span><\/span>Lebbaeus<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, whose surname was<\/span><\/span><\/strong> Thaddaeus<\/span><\/span><\/strong>; 4<\/sup> <\/span><\/span>Simon<\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span> Canaanite<\/span><\/span>, and <\/span><\/span>Judas<\/span><\/span>Iscariot<\/span><\/span>, who also betrayed him." (Mathew 10:2-4)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"16<\/sup> And <\/span><\/span>Simon<\/span><\/span> he surnamed <\/span><\/span>Peter<\/span><\/span>; 17<\/sup> And <\/span><\/span>James<\/span><\/span> the son of Zebedee, and <\/span><\/span>John<\/span><\/span> the brother of James; and he surnamed them Boanerges, which is, The sons of thunder: 18<\/sup> And <\/span><\/span>Andrew<\/span><\/span>, and <\/span><\/span>Philip<\/span><\/span>, and <\/span><\/span>Bartholomew<\/span><\/span>, and <\/span><\/span>Matthew<\/span><\/span>, and <\/span><\/span>Thomas<\/span><\/span>, and <\/span><\/span>James<\/span><\/span> the son of Alphaeus, and <\/span><\/span>Thaddaeus<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, and <\/span><\/span>Simon<\/span><\/span> the Canaanite, 19<\/sup> And <\/span><\/span>Judas<\/span><\/span>Iscariot<\/span><\/span>, which also betrayed him: and they went into a house." (Mark 3:16-19)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"14<\/sup> <\/span><\/span>Simon<\/span><\/span>, (whom he also named <\/span><\/span>Peter<\/span><\/span>,) and <\/span><\/span>Andrew<\/span><\/span> his brother, <\/span><\/span>James<\/span><\/span> and <\/span><\/span>John<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>Philip<\/span><\/span> and <\/span><\/span>Bartholomew<\/span><\/span>, 15<\/sup><\/span><\/span>Matthew<\/span><\/span> and <\/span><\/span>Thomas<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>James<\/span><\/span> the son of Alphaeus, and <\/span><\/span>Simon<\/span><\/span> called <\/span><\/span>Zelotes<\/span><\/span>, 16<\/sup> And <\/span><\/span>Judas<\/span><\/span><\/strong> the brother of James<\/strong>, and <\/span><\/span>Judas<\/span><\/span> Iscariot<\/span><\/span>, which also was the traitor." (Luke 6:14)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"45<\/sup> <\/span><\/span>Philip<\/span><\/span> findeth <\/span><\/span>Nathanael<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, and saith unto him, We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, did write, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph." (John 1:45)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"2 <\/strong><\/sup>There were together <\/span><\/span>Simon Peter<\/span><\/span>, and <\/span><\/span>Thomas<\/span><\/span> called <\/span><\/span>Didymus<\/span><\/span>, and <\/span><\/span>Nathanael<\/span><\/span><\/strong> of Cana in Galilee, and the sons of Zebedee, and two other of his disciples." (John 21:2)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Luke and Mark are not from the twelve disciples:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As we see, neither the name of Luke nor Mark exists <\/span>between<\/span> the names of the disciples of Christ.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Therefore,<\/span> who <\/span>we<\/span>re Luke and Mark, and why did they write their <\/span>G<\/span>ospels, <\/span>as long<\/span> they were not disciples of Christ? Why did the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch accept their <\/span>G<\/span>ospels, <\/span>as long<\/span> there <\/span>we<\/span>re other <\/span>G<\/span>ospels that the church ascrib<\/span>ed<\/span> to John and Mathew (if they <\/span>‘John and Matthew’ <\/span>were truly disciples of Christ)?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

If the Church claims that the Holy Spirit ha<\/span>d<\/span> inspired the disciples of Christ to write Gospel<\/span>s<\/span>, <\/span>thus,<\/span> why then has also inspired both Luke and Mark <\/span>as long<\/span> they <\/span>we<\/span>re not disciples of Christ?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

It is agreed among theologians that Mark's Gospel was the first Gospel to be written (written almost in the year 70 <\/span>CE<\/span>)[46]<\/span><\/a> and that it was the <\/span>primary<\/span> source <\/span>for<\/span> both the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke (they were written almost in the year 90). How is it possible that the Holy Spirit revealed first to Mark who is not one of the disciples of Christ, preferring him above the disciples who lived with Christ and were eyewitnesses <\/span>to <\/span>the incidentsthat occurred to him?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/Downloads\/The%20Dating%20of%20the%20G\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Both Matthew and John, the two disciples of Christ, did not write any Gospel:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As for the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of John, we will review in the coming chapters, God willing, evidence that they were not written, neither from Matthew nor from John, the two disciples of Christ.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Two new disciples of Christ in the Gospels:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1- <\/span><\/strong>‘<\/span><\/strong>Judah, brother of James<\/span><\/strong>’<\/span><\/strong>, <\/span><\/strong>OR<\/span><\/strong> <\/strong>‘<\/span><\/strong>Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus<\/span><\/strong>’<\/span><\/strong>?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- The Gospel of Luke <\/span>has <\/span>mentioned <\/span>the name <\/span>"Judas, brother of James" among the names of the disciples -meaning James the son of Alphaeus-<\/span>,<\/span> while<\/span> did not mention<\/span> the name of "Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus<\/span>."<\/span> However,<\/span> the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Mark <\/span>have <\/span>mentioned the name "Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus<\/span>,<\/span>" <\/span>while<\/span> did not mention the name "Judas, brother of James".<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

I looked into the responses of many priests to this contradiction, and I found them claiming the following:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1) That the name “Lebbaeus” or “Thaddaeus” is the second name for “Judas,” the brother of James. This is because the custom took place among the Jews that one person may have two names.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2) The Gospel of Matthew <\/span>has <\/span>mentioned the name "Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus" <\/span>among<\/span> the names of the disciples, and the same <\/span>G<\/span>ospel <\/span>has<\/span> mentioned his other name "Judas" when it spoke about the brothers of Christ in chapter 13<\/span>,<\/span> verse 55: "55<\/sup> Is not this the carpenter's son? is not his mother called Mary? and his brethren, James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas?<\/span>" Hence, Judas, the brother of Christ, is himself Lebbaeus, the disciple of Jesus.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Response to this claim:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1) As for “Lebbaeus” that he had a second name as was the custom of the Jews<\/span>;<\/span> we say yes, he had two names, that were "Lebbaeus" and "Thaddeus" and this is clearly stated in the Bible, <\/span>moreover,<\/span> there is no need to create for him a third name which is "Judas" to cover this <\/span>apparent<\/span> contradiction between the Gospels regarding the names of the disciples.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2) As for the claim that the Gospel of Matthew mentioned the name "Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus" in the names of the disciples of Christ, <\/span>then<\/span> it mentioned his other name "Judas" when it spoke about the brothers of Christ, accordingly, Judas, the brother of Christ, is himself Lebbaeus, the disciple of Jesus. We say<\/span>;<\/span> that this is an apparent forgery and an attempt to delude the reader that the disciple of Christ "Lebbaeus" and the brother of Christ "Judas" were the same person. <\/span>T<\/span>he Gospel of Luke (6:16) mentioned that Judas is the brother of James and not Jesus. <\/span>Moreover<\/span>, The brothers of Christ were not among the twelve disciples<\/span>,<\/span> as mentioned in the Gospel of John<\/span>,<\/span> chapter 6<\/span>,<\/span> verse 67, which spoke about the twelve disciples of Christ who believed in him:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"67<\/span><\/sup> Then said Jesus unto the twelve<\/strong>, Will ye also go away? 68<\/sup> Then Simon Peter answered him, Lord, to whom shall we go? thou hast the words of eternal life. 69<\/sup> And we believe and are sure that thou art that Christ, the Son of the living God. 70<\/sup> Jesus answered them, Have not I chosen you twelve<\/strong>, and one of you is a devil?<\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Then the same <\/span>G<\/span>ospel in chapter 7<\/span>,<\/span> verse 3-5<\/span>,<\/span> described the brothers of Christ as not believing in him: <\/span>"<\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/sup> His brethren<\/strong> therefore said unto him, Depart hence, and go into Judaea, that thy disciples<\/strong> also may see the works that thou doest. 4<\/sup> For there is no man that doeth anything in secret, and he himself seeketh to be known openly. If thou do these things, shew thyself to the world. 5<\/sup> For neither did his brethren believe in him<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The strange thing is that I found many popular Christian websites that had invented a new name for Lebbaeus<\/span>,<\/span>which<\/span> is "Judas Thaddaeus<\/span><\/strong>". In other words, they created this new name so that they would delude the reader that the disciple of Christ "Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus" is <\/span>he <\/span>himself "Judas" the brother of Christ, thus<\/span>,<\/span>the<\/span> contradiction between the gospels in the names of the disciples <\/span>would be <\/span>cover<\/span>ed<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3) The Gospel of Luke mentioned that “Judas” is the brother of James the son of Alphaeus<\/span>, <\/span>whereas<\/span> the <\/span>two <\/span>Gospels of Matthew and Mark did not claim that “Thaddaeus” or “Lebbaeus” is the brother of James the son of Alphaeus<\/span><\/span>.<\/span> T<\/span>he two gospels <\/span>of Matthew and Mark <\/span>were very caring to mention who is brother to whom<\/span>.<\/span> F<\/span>or example, they mentioned that Andrew is the brother of Simon who is called Peter<\/span>,<\/span> and John the son of Zebedee is the brother of James the son of Zebedee<\/span>.<\/span> However,<\/span> they <\/span>neither<\/span> mention<\/span>ed<\/span> that James the son of Alphaeus ha<\/span>d<\/span> a brother, <\/span>nor<\/span> that Thaddaeus or Lebbaeus had any relationship with James<\/span>,<\/span> the son of Alphaeus<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

4) The Gospel of John chapter 14<\/span>,<\/span> verse 22 says: "22<\/span><\/sup> Judas<\/strong> saith unto him, not Iscariot<\/strong>, Lord, how is it that thou wilt manifest thyself unto us, and not unto the world?<\/span>" As we see here that the writer of the Gospel of John mention<\/span>ed<\/span> the name "Judas,<\/span>"<\/span> but <\/span>out<\/span> of his fear that the reader might be confused <\/span>with<\/span> "<\/span>Judas Iscariot<\/span>"<\/span>, the writer resorted to defin<\/span>e <\/span>Judas that he is not Iscariot<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

If it was true that Judas the brother of James had two other names, namely, Lebbaeus and Thaddaeus, the writer of the Gospel of John would use either of them, <\/span>for example he could<\/span> say<\/span>,<\/span> "Thaddaeus saith unto him<\/span>" or "Lebbaeus saith unto him<\/span>" or "Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus saith unto him<\/span>" or "Judas, whose surname was Thaddaeus saith unto him<\/span>" or "Judas Thaddaeus<\/span> saith unto him<\/span>" or " Judas Lebbaeus saith unto him<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>” <\/span>However,<\/span>instead,<\/span> he said, "Judas, not Iscariot<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

2- Nathanael:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Gospel of John mentioned a new name that was not mentioned in any other Gospel, which is "Nathanael.<\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

T<\/span>hat<\/span> i<\/span>s why the American bishop John Shelby Spong said:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"Among the conclusions that I have reached in my intensive five-year-long study of John’s Gospel are these:<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1) There is no way that the Fourth Gospel was written by John Zebedee or by any of the disciples of Jesus.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2) Many of the characters who appear in the pages of the Fourth Gospel are literary creations of its author <\/span>and were never intended to be understood as real people, who actually lived in history. This includes Nathaniel<\/span><\/strong>, who is introduced with great fanfare in chapter one and is treated in John’s Gospel as one of “the Twelve,”<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3) There is probably not a single word attributed to Jesus in this book that the Jesus of history actually spoke. This includes all the “I Am” sayings and all of the “Farewell Discourses.”<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

4) Not one of the signs (the Fourth Gospel’s word for miracles) recorded in this book was, in all probability, something that actually happened. This means that Jesus never changed water into wine (which is neither mentioned nor hinted in any of the other three gospels), fed a multitude with five loaves and two fish or raised Lazarus from the dead (which is neither mentioned nor hinted in any of the other three gospels and was only mentioned in the Gospel of John<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em> even though it was written the last)."<\/span><\/em> [47]<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/sup><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Conclusion:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

On this<\/span>,<\/span> it is clear that the scribes of those four gospels neither knew each other, nor saw each other, nor were disciples of Jesus. They floundered even in mentioning the names of the disciples of Jesus. If both John and Mathew were <\/span>indeed<\/span> disciples of Christ, how then did the Gospel of John mention the name of <\/span>‘<\/span>Nathanael<\/span>’<\/span>, <\/span>whereas<\/span> the Gospel of Matthew <\/span>neither<\/span> mention<\/span>ed<\/span> it<\/span> nor<\/span> kn<\/span>e<\/span>w it?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chapter nine<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Who wrote the Gospel according to Matthew’s account?<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

R<\/span>egard<\/span>ing<\/span> the Gospel <\/span>of<\/span> Matthew, it was not written from Matthew the publican<\/span>, the disciple of Christ, for the following reasons:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1- Date of writing the Gospel <\/span><\/span><\/strong>of<\/span><\/span><\/strong> Matthew:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Christian theologians state that the Gospel of Matthew was written in the year 90<\/span> CE,<\/span> and that Christ died at the age of 33<\/span>,<\/span> and his death was in the year 30<\/span> CE<\/span>, meaning that the Gospel of Matthew was written 60 years after Jesus. <\/span>Therefore<\/span>, if Matthew the publican was the author of the Gospel of Matthew, how old was he at the time of writing it? If we assume that Matthew the publican was about the age of Christ -with slightly more or less- when they met, <\/span>accordingly,<\/span> his age at the time of writing that <\/span>G<\/span>ospel was 90 years old, <\/span>which is unreasonable<\/span> for a ninety-year-old <\/span>man <\/span>to write a <\/span>G<\/span>ospel. <\/span>Moreover,<\/span> if <\/span>we accept that he<\/span> wrote <\/span>that Gospel at<\/span> the age of<\/span> ninety<\/span>;<\/span> why he waited for sixty years to write his <\/span>G<\/span>ospel? Was <\/span>it <\/span>not better to write it immediately after the incidents <\/strong>that occurred to Christ<\/span>,<\/span> in order not to forget any of them or to write <\/span>them <\/span>wrongly while recalling them? <\/span>I<\/span>f the Holy Spirit w<\/span>ere<\/span> the one who inspired him to write, then why did it not reveal to him before and waited all <\/span>of <\/span>this time, preferring to reveal first to Mark who was not even a disciple?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

2- The writer spoke in the absent form about Matthew the publican and the disciples of Jesus Christ:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The writer of the Gospel of Matthew spoke about Matthew the publican, the disciple of Christ, in the form of the absent, which means that Matthew the publican is not the author of the Gospel according to Matthew's account. <\/span>Moreover<\/span>, the writer of this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel spoke about the disciples of Christ in the form of the absent, and some<\/span>times<\/span> as if he did not know them, which means that he is not one of them.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"9<\/span><\/sup> And as Jesus passed forth from thence, he saw a man, named Matthew<\/strong>, sitting at the receipt of custom: and he saith unto him<\/strong>, Follow me. And he<\/u><\/strong> arose, and followed him.<\/span>" (Matthew 9:9)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Important note:<\/span><\/strong> This verse is written in the Greek Bible<\/span>,<\/span> but as follows: "And that man<\/u><\/strong> rose up and followed him.<\/span>" The word "that man<\/span><\/strong>" here is conclusive evidence that the writer of the Gospel of Matthew was not Matthew the publican.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"50<\/span><\/sup> And Jesus said unto him, Friend, wherefore art thou come? Then came they, and laid hands on Jesus and took him. 51<\/sup> And, behold, one of them which were with Jesus<\/strong> stretched out his hand, and drew his sword, and struck a servant of the high priest's, and smote off his ear.<\/span>" (Matthew 26:50)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Note:<\/span><\/strong> As we see here, he spoke of the disciples of Christ in the form of the absent<\/span>,<\/span> saying, "one of them which were with Jesus<\/span>.<\/span>"<\/span> However,<\/span> Matthew the publican was present with the rest of the disciples when Jesus was arrested.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Besides<\/span>, why did the author of this <\/span>Gospel<\/span> not mention the name of the disciple who drew his sword and struck the servant? Why did he say "one of them<\/span>" and did not say his name directly? Did he not know him?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"56<\/span><\/sup> But all this was done, that the scriptures of the prophets might be fulfilled. Then all the disciples forsook him, and fled<\/strong>. 57<\/sup> And they that had laid hold on Jesus led him away to Caiaphas the high priest, where the scribes and the elders were assembled. 58<\/sup> But Peter followed him afar off<\/strong> unto the high priest's palace, and went in, and sat with the servants, to see the end.<\/span>" (Matthew 26:56-58)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Note:<\/span><\/strong> The Gospel writer mentioned here that all the disciples left Christ and fled, even Peter had followed him from afar<\/span>.<\/span> Therefore,<\/span> if as claim<\/span>ed<\/span> that the writer of the Gospel of Matthew was Matthew the publican, the disciple of Christ, how can we trust a gospel written by<\/span> a<\/span> man who left Christ, abandoned him and fled? How can this man be filled with the Holy Spirit as they claim and then leave everything he believes in and escape<\/span>s<\/span> to save his life? Do<\/span> n<\/span>o<\/span>t Christians claim that Jesus is God? How can they trust someone who left their God and fled?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

O<\/span>ne may say: "The disciples <\/span>had<\/span> to flee to save their lives <\/span>to<\/span> continue preach<\/span>ing<\/span> the religion of Christ." <\/span>However,<\/span>this is <\/span>invalid <\/span>claim because there is no evidence that any of the twelve disciples of Christ had preached the religion of Christ<\/span>; nevertheless,<\/span> who preached and spread the religion of Christianity was Paul<\/span>,<\/span> who never met Christ in his life.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"1<\/span><\/sup> And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples<\/strong>, he gave them<\/strong> power against unclean spirits, (so they<\/strong>) to cast them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease. 2<\/sup> Now the names of the twelve apostles<\/strong> are these; The first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; 3<\/sup> Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican<\/strong>; James the son of Alphaeus, and Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus; 4<\/sup> Simon the Canaanite, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him. 5<\/sup> These twelve<\/strong> Jesus sent forth, and commanded them<\/strong>, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not.<\/span>" (Matthew 10:1-5)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Thus, we find that the writer of this Gospel did not talk about the disciples of Christ in the form of the present, such as "called us<\/span>" or "gave us<\/span>,<\/span>"<\/span> however, he<\/span> spoke in the form of the absent and said "called them<\/span>" and "gave them<\/span>". Even when he mentioned the name of Matthew, the disciple of Christ, he <\/span>spoke<\/span> in the form of the absent, "Matthew the publican<\/span>", <\/span>instead of saying<\/span> "and me Matthew<\/span>". <\/span>I<\/span>f you, dear reader, continue to read that Gospel, you will find that the writer always used the form of the absent when talking about the disciples of Jesus.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

3- The author's name was not mentioned inside the <\/span><\/span><\/strong>G<\/span><\/span><\/strong>ospel:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

No mention of the author's name anywhere in this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel. In fact, this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel was an anonymous book, just like dozens of other books that were widespread in the middle of the second century, and they were all called Gospels<\/span>.<\/span>Later,<\/span> some of those <\/span>G<\/span>ospels were chosen <\/span>to be<\/span> canonical <\/span>G<\/span>ospels, while the others <\/span>were <\/span>called Apocrypha. <\/span>Choosing<\/span> any <\/span>G<\/span>ospel <\/span>to be<\/span> canonical or Apocrypha was subject to whims and not to evidence. The <\/span>G<\/span>ospel which was considered <\/span>as <\/span>canonical for some early <\/span>C<\/span>hurch <\/span>F<\/span>athers, was considered Apocrypha to the others. It was all a struggle between the views of the early <\/span>C<\/span>hurch <\/span>F<\/span>athers<\/span>,<\/span> and there was no clear definitive evidence. As for the phrase "the Gospel according to Matthew’s account,<\/span>"<\/span> it was invented in the second century by Irenaeus<\/span>.<\/span> T<\/span>here is no evidence of the attribution of this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel to Matthew the publican except Irenaeus’s claim.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

4- Not mentioning <\/span><\/span><\/strong>vital <\/span><\/span><\/strong>incidents that Jesus did in front of his disciples:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

One of the most peremptory evidence that both the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of John were not written by Matthew the publican and John the son of Zebedee, the two disciples of Christ, is that both of these <\/span>G<\/span>ospels did not mention the incident of Christ's ascension to heaven after he appeared to his disciples after the crucifixion incident. This incident was mentioned in both the Gospel of Luke (chapter 24<\/span>,<\/span> verse 51) and the Gospel of Mark (chapter 16<\/span>,<\/span> verse 19). How <\/span>come <\/span>such a<\/span> vital<\/span> incident not be mentioned by the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of John if the authors were <\/span>indeed<\/span> disciples of Christ?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"51 <\/span><\/sup><\/strong>And it came to pass, while he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into heaven<\/strong>.<\/span>" (Luke 24:51)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"19 <\/span><\/sup><\/strong>So then after the Lord had spoken unto them, he was received up into heaven<\/strong>, and sat on the right hand of God.<\/span>" (Mark 16:19)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

5- Not mentioning the miracle of reviving Lazarus and the miracle of turning water into wine:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The miracle of Lazarus' resurrection after his death that mentioned in the Gospel of John<\/strong> (chapter 11<\/span>,<\/span> verse 1) is a <\/span>fundamental<\/span> miracle to the Church because it is the basis on which the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch rel<\/span>ies<\/span> to claim the divinity of Christ. Indeed, in all Hollywood films about Christ that are broadcast<\/span>ing<\/span> in all Christian countries during Easter, filmmakers never forgot to add the scene of Lazarus when he rose from the death and got out of his grave. <\/span>Therefore<\/span>, how can the Gospel of Matthew not mentioning this miracle or even hinting about it, if the writer of this Gospel is <\/span>indeed<\/span> Matthew the publican, the disciple of Christ?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The same thing happened with the miracle of turning water into wine, that mentioned in the Gospel of John<\/strong>(chapter 2<\/span>,<\/span> verse 2). How can the Gospel of Matthew not mentioning this significant miracle or even hinting about it, if the writer of this Gospel is <\/span>indeed<\/span> Matthew the publican, the disciple of Christ?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Either that the writer of the Gospel of Matthew is not Matthew the publican, the disciple of Christ, or that those miracles mentioned in the Gospel of John and were not mentioned in any of the other three <\/span>G<\/span>ospels did not happen at all, or both.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

6- Mention <\/span><\/span><\/strong>a <\/span><\/span><\/strong>false genealogy of Jesus Christ:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The writer of the <\/span>G<\/span>ospel of Matthew began his <\/span>G<\/span>ospel by mentioning a false genealogy of Jesus Christ (Matthew 1:1). As long as the Christians believe that Jesus Christ did not ha<\/span>s<\/span> a human father, how did the author of this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel attribute this genealogy to him, and from where <\/span>did <\/span>he learn <\/span>it<\/span> with<\/span> such<\/span> extreme detail, <\/span>beginning <\/span>from Abraham <\/span>down to<\/span> Jesus Christ?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

T<\/span>he evidence that this genealogy is false<\/span>;<\/span> is the extreme contradiction between it and the <\/span>one<\/span> mentioned <\/span>in<\/span> the Gospel of Luke. <\/span>Whereas<\/span> the Gospel of Matthew mentioned that king David had born Solomon and from Solomon the lineage extended to Christ, the <\/span>G<\/span>ospel of Luke mentioned that king David had born Nathan and from Nathan the lineage extended to Christ, but with totally different names from those mentioned in the Gospel of Matthew. Which of them is <\/span>telling<\/span> the truth and <\/span>which<\/span> is lying?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Furthermore, another<\/span> peremptory evidence that this genealogy is false<\/span>;<\/span> is that the author of the Gospel of Matthew intentionally <\/span>has put<\/span> names of prostitutes in this genealogy. For example, he mentioned in Chapter 1: "3 <\/span><\/sup><\/strong>Judas begat Phares and Zara of Thamar<\/strong><\/span>,” and "5<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/span> Salmon begat Booz of Rachab<\/strong><\/span><\/span>,” and "6<\/span><\/sup> David the king begat Solomon of her that had been the wife of Urias<\/strong><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The<\/span> people, in general, are attributed to the names of their fathers and not to their mothers, and indeed, the author of this gospel mentioned the genealogy of Christ extending through the line of the male fathers<\/span>, however,<\/span> what is his intention to mention into the genealogy of Christ the names of th<\/span>o<\/span>se adulterous women "Thamar and Rachab and the woman that had been the wife of Urias"?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

For the story of Thamar<\/span>,<\/span> the adulterer who committed adultery with her father-in-law and conceived, look (Genesis 38:6-18). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

For the story of Rachab the adulterer, look (Joshua 2:1)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

For the story of the wife of Urias (Uriah the Hittite), whose name was Bathsheba<\/span> look (II Samuel 11:1)<\/span>.<\/span> Bathsheba has<\/span> betrayed her husband with King David, while her husband was a loyal leader in King David's army in the war, and after she committed adultery with King David and conceived, King David conspired against her husband to be killed in the war<\/span>.<\/span> A<\/span>fter her husband was killed, King David took her to his palace and married her.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The author of the Gospel of Matthew, mentioned as well the name <\/span>of <\/span>Ruth in the genealogy of Christ, "5<\/span><\/sup><\/span> Booz begat Obed of Ruth<\/span><\/span>" (Chapter 1:5).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

For the story of Ruth with Booz (Boaz) look (book of Ruth 3<\/span>:<\/span>2), <\/span>however,<\/span> the story was mentioned with <\/span>much<\/span>ambiguity in words. It is not known with such ambiguity what happened between Boaz and Ruth before their marriage. That is why we find that many critics <\/span>are <\/span>accusing Ruth of adultery with Boaz before their marriage, while others are denying that accusation and describing her as a saint. This is because the context of the words does not show what happened. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

But after the author of the Gospel of Matthew mentioned her name in the genealogy of Christ, with the other three adulterous women, <\/span>he<\/span> likely believed that she might have committed adultery with Boaz, <\/span>thus,<\/span> he mentioned her name to defame the genealogy of Christ.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Among the critics who accused Ruth of adultery with Boaz before their marriage, <\/span>is <\/span>the American author, Jonathan Kirsch[48]<\/span><\/a>, in his book "<\/span>The Harlot by the Side of the Road: Forbidden Tales of the Bible<\/span>,<\/span>"<\/span> he <\/span>said:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"Some passages of the Bible are bawdier than we suspect because idiomatic expressions in the text are translated literally in order to conceal their real meaning. The best example is found<\/strong> in the familiar story of Ruth, where the young widow's mother-in-law sends her to the threshing-floor of a wealthy landowner named Boaz. “And it shall be, when he lieth down,” says the wily mother-in-law, “thou shalt go in, and uncover his feet, and lay thee down; and he will tell thee what thou shalt do” (Ruth 3:4). The scene is a bit baffling<\/span><\/em> <\/em>—why, after all, is she uncovering his feet?—until we discover what the translators have failed to<\/strong> tell us: the word “feet<\/strong>” (or “legs”) in biblical<\/strong> Hebrew is sometimes a euphemism for the male sexual organ. What Naomi is telling Ruth to do to Boaz<\/strong>, we realize now, is to expose his genitalia while he sleeps—and<\/strong> see what happens when he<\/strong> wakes up: “[H]e will tell thee what thou shalt do.” What actually happens between Boaz and Ruth is obscured by yet another untranslated euphemism. Boaz wakes up to find his genitals exposed and lovely young Ruth beside him. “Who art thou?” he asks. “I am Ruth thy handmaid,” she replies, “spread therefore thy<\/strong> skirt over thy handmaid<\/strong>” (Ruth 3:9). But, once again, the translator neglects to tell us that “spreading one’s skirt” is a biblical euphemism for sexual intercourse: “For a man to spread his ‘skirt’ over a woman,” cracks Bible scholar Marvin H. Pope, “meant more than merely preventing a chill."[49]<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

7- The writer of the Gospel of Luke not knowing the existence of a Gospel written by Matthew, the disciple:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As we mentioned <\/span>before<\/span>, both the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke have mentioned genealogy <\/span>of<\/span>Christ, but with very different and contradictory names. If Matthew, the disciple, was the one who wrote the Gospel according to Matthew's account, and he mentioned the genealogy of Christ,<\/span> would not<\/span> Luke (who <\/span>wa<\/span>s not a disciple of Christ) follow what mentioned by Matthew the disciple and write the same genealogy for Christ?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This <\/span>affirms<\/span> that Luke did not know that there was any Gospel written by Matthew, the disciple of Christ.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

8- Mentioning myths in the Gospel of Matthew:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"50<\/span><\/sup> Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost. 51<\/sup> And, behold, the veil of the temple<\/strong>was rent in twain<\/strong> from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent; 52<\/sup> And the graves were opened<\/strong>; and many bodies of the saints which slept arose<\/strong>, 53<\/sup> And came out of the graves<\/strong> after his resurrection, and went into the holy city<\/strong>, and appeared unto many<\/strong>. 54<\/sup> Now when the centurion, and they that were with him, watching Jesus, saw the earthquake, and those things that were done, they feared greatly, saying, Truly this was the Son of God.<\/span>" (Matthew 27:50-54)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This exciting story that says that the graves were opened and the rotting bodies of the saints came out of the graves and entered the city and appeared to the people, <\/span>makes us feel<\/span> like <\/span>if we are watching ‘<\/span>the Lord of the Rings<\/span>’<\/span>movie <\/span>or one of<\/span> the <\/span>science fiction movies. There is no evidence that this story has occurred<\/span>;<\/span> besides<\/span>, this story was not mentioned in any of the other <\/span>G<\/span>ospels, only the Gospel of Matthew exclusively mentioned it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Also, the thrilling story of the split of the Temple veil, although it was mentioned in the three Gospels, Matthew, Mark, and Luke, it was not mentioned in the Gospel of John. If that story was not science fiction, then how did not the Gospel of John mention it?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chapter Ten<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Who wrote the Gospel according to John’s account?<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Concerning<\/span> the Gospel according to John's account, it was not written from John the son of Zebedee, the disciple of Christ, for the following reasons:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1- Date of writing <\/span><\/span><\/strong>of <\/span><\/span><\/strong>the Gospel according to John's account:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Christian theologians state that the Gospel of John was written in the year 100<\/span> CE<\/span> and that Christ died at the age of 33<\/span>,<\/span> and his death was in the year 30<\/span> CE<\/span>, meaning<\/span>,<\/span> that the Gospel of John was written 70 years after Jesus. <\/span>Therefore<\/span>, if John the disciple was the author of the Gospel of John, how old was he at the time of writing it? If we assume that John the disciple was about the age of Christ -with slightly more or less- when they met, then his age at the time of writing that gospel was 100 years old, <\/span>which is unreasonable <\/span>for a hundred-year-old <\/span>man <\/span>to write a gospel.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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2- The writer spoke in the absent form about John the son of Z<\/span><\/span><\/strong>e<\/span><\/span><\/strong>bedee<\/span><\/span><\/strong>,<\/span><\/span><\/strong> and the disciples of Jesus Christ:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Meaning<\/span>,<\/span> that the author of this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel is not one of the disciples of Christ.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"22 <\/span><\/sup><\/strong>When therefore he was risen from the dead, his disciples remembered that he had said this unto them<\/strong>; and they<\/strong>believed the scripture, and the word which Jesus had said.<\/span>" (John 2:22)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

3- <\/span><\/span><\/strong>C<\/span><\/span><\/strong>onfession of the writer of the Gospel of John that he is not one of the disciples of Christ:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"20<\/span><\/sup> Then Peter, turning about, seeth the disciple whom Jesus loved <\/strong>following; which<\/strong> also leaned on his breast at supper, and said<\/strong>, Lord, which is he that betrayeth thee? 21<\/sup> Peter seeing him<\/strong> saith to Jesus, Lord, and what shall this man do? 22<\/sup> Jesus saith unto him, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee? follow thou me. 23<\/sup> Then went this saying abroad among the brethren, that that disciple<\/strong> should not die: yet Jesus said not unto him, He shall not die; but, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee? 24<\/sup> This is the disciple which testifieth of these things<\/strong>, and wrote these things<\/strong>: and we know<\/u><\/strong> that his testimony<\/u><\/strong> is true. 25<\/sup> And there are also many other things which Jesus did, the which, if they should be written every one, I suppose<\/strong> that even the world itself could not contain the books that should be written. Amen.<\/span>" (John 21:20-25)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As we mentioned earlier in chapter two of this book, that the Church claims that the writer of the Gospel of John identified himself by mentioning himself as “the disciple whom Jesus loved<\/span>,” <\/span>however,<\/span> this claim is <\/span>invalid<\/span>because the writer of th<\/span>is<\/span> Gospel was talking about the disciple whom Jesus loved in the form of the absent<\/span>.<\/span>Besides,<\/span> where is the name of John in that phrase, "The disciple whom Jesus loved"?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

T<\/span>he phrase “And we know that his testimony is true<\/span>,” <\/span>is a <\/span>clear evidence that the author of this gospel is not the disciple whom Jesus loved, but rather another unknown person. Based on this, how c<\/span>ould<\/span> we believe what <\/span>is written by <\/span>an unknown person who was not even an eyewitness to the events?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Also, see what Jesus said to Peter: "22<\/span><\/sup> Jesus saith unto him, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee? follow thou me. 23<\/sup> Then went this saying abroad among the brethren, that that disciple<\/strong> should not die: yet Jesus said not unto him, He shall not die; but, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee?<\/span>" This phrase means that th<\/span>at<\/span> disciple whom Jesus loved <\/span>has<\/span> died <\/span>already, and the writer of this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel <\/span>was trying to <\/span>justif<\/span>y<\/span> his death, because <\/span>of what was<\/span> believed that he would not die<\/span>. T<\/span>his affirms that that disciple was not the one who wrote this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel because he could not Justif<\/span>y<\/span> his death after his death.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

4- The author's name was not mentioned inside the gospel:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

No mention of the author's name anywhere in this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel. <\/span>T<\/span>his <\/span>G<\/span>ospel was an anonymous book, just like dozens of other books that were widespread in the middle of the second century, and they were all called Gospels<\/span>.<\/span> Later<\/span>some of th<\/span>em<\/span> were chosen <\/span>to be<\/span> canonical <\/span>G<\/span>ospels, while the others called Apocrypha. As for the phrase "the Gospel according to John’s account,” it was invented in the second century by Irenaeus, and there is no evidence of th<\/span>is<\/span> attribution except Irenaeus’s claiming.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

5- Not mentioning the story of ascending to heaven after the <\/span><\/span><\/strong>fiction<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <\/strong>of crucifixion and resurrection from the dead:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

One of the most peremptory evidence that both the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of John, were not written by Matthew the publican and John the son of Zebedee, the two disciples of Christ, is that both of the<\/span>m<\/span> did not mention the story of Christ's ascension to heaven after the <\/span>fiction<\/span> of crucifixion and resurrection from the dead.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This story <\/span>was<\/span> mentioned in the Gospel of Luke and the Gospel of Mark, that all of Jesus’s disciples stood to say goodbye to Jesus when he <\/span>was <\/span>ascend<\/span>ing<\/span> to heaven<\/span>.<\/span> I<\/span>f the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of John were written <\/span>by<\/span> the two Christ’s disciples, Matthew and John, then how did they not mention in their Gospels <\/span>such<\/span> critical<\/span>incident<\/span>?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"51 <\/span><\/sup><\/strong>And it came to pass, while he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into heaven. 52 <\/sup><\/strong>And they worshipped him, and returned to Jerusalem with great joy:<\/span>" (Luke 24:51-52)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"19 <\/span><\/sup><\/strong>So then after the Lord had spoken unto them, he was received up into heaven, and sat on the right hand of God. 20 <\/sup><\/strong>And they went forth, and preached every where, the Lord working with them, and confirming the word with signs following. Amen.<\/span>" (Mark 16:19-20)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

6- Not mentioning the miracle of reviving the <\/span><\/span><\/strong>dead <\/span><\/span><\/strong>girl:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"35<\/span><\/sup> While he yet spake, there came from the ruler of the synagogue's house certain which said, Thy daughter is dead<\/strong>: why troublest thou the Master any further? 36<\/sup> As soon as Jesus heard the word that was spoken, he saith unto the ruler of the synagogue, Be not afraid, only believe. 37<\/sup> And he suffered no man to follow him, save Peter, and James, and John<\/u><\/strong> the brother of James. 38<\/sup> And he cometh to the house of the ruler of the synagogue, and seeth the tumult, and them that wept and wailed greatly. 39<\/sup> And when he was come in, he saith unto them, Why make ye this ado, and weep? the damsel is not dead, but sleepeth. 40<\/sup> And they laughed him to scorn. But when he had put them all out, he taketh the father and the mother of the damsel, and them that were with him, and entereth in where the damsel was lying. 41<\/sup> And he took the damsel by the hand, and said unto her, Talitha cumi; which is, being interpreted, Damsel, I say unto thee, arise. 42<\/sup> And straightway the damsel arose, and walked; for she was of the age of twelve years. And they were astonished with a great astonishment.<\/span>" (Mark 5:35)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"49<\/span><\/sup> While he yet spake, there cometh one from the ruler of the synagogue's house, saying to him, Thy daughter is dead; trouble not the Master. 50<\/sup> But when Jesus heard it, he answered him, saying, Fear not: believe only, and she shall be made whole. 51<\/sup> And when he came into the house, he suffered no man to go in, save Peter, and James, and John<\/u><\/strong>, and the father and the mother of the maiden. 52<\/sup> And all wept, and bewailed her: but he said, Weep not; she is not dead, but sleepeth. 53<\/sup> And they laughed him to scorn, knowing that she was dead. 54<\/sup> And he put them all out, and took her by the hand, and called, saying, Maid, arise. 55<\/sup> And her spirit came again, and she arose straightway: and he commanded to give her meat.<\/span>" (Luke 8:49-55)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"23<\/span><\/sup> And when Jesus came into the ruler's house, and saw the minstrels and the people making a noise, 24<\/sup> He said unto them, Give place: for the maid is not dead, but sleepeth. And they laughed him to scorn. 25<\/sup> But when the people were put forth, he went in, and took her by the hand, and the maid arose.<\/span>" (Matthew 9:23-25)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Although John the son of Zebedee was an eyewitness to that unique miracle, the Gospel according to John’s account did not mention it<\/span>, and it was mentioned in t<\/span>he <\/span>other three <\/span>Gospel<\/span>s<\/span>. Take into consideration that both Mark and Luke are not among the names of Christ’s disciples, and as for Matthew the publican (if we assume that he is the writer of the Gospel of Matthew) did not witness that unique miracle.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

7- Not mentioning the transfiguration incident:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"1<\/span><\/sup> And after six days Jesus taketh Peter, James, and John<\/u><\/strong> his brother, and bringeth them up into an high mountain apart, 2<\/sup> And was transfigured before them<\/strong>: and his face did shine as the sun, and his raiment was white as the light. 3<\/sup> And, behold, there appeared unto them Moses and Elias<\/strong> talking with him. 4<\/sup> Then answered Peter, and said unto Jesus, Lord, it is good for us to be here: if thou wilt, let us make here three tabernacles; one for thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elias. 5<\/sup> While he yet spake, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them<\/strong>: and behold a voice out of the cloud, which said, This is my beloved Son<\/strong>, in whom I am well pleased; hear ye him.<\/span>" (Matthew 17:1-5)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"28<\/span><\/sup> And it came to pass about an eight days after these sayings, he took Peter and John<\/u> and James<\/strong>, and went up into a mountain to pray. 29<\/sup> And as he prayed, the fashion of his countenance was altered, and his raiment was white and glistering. 30<\/sup> And, behold, there talked with him two men, which were Moses and Elias: 31<\/sup> Who appeared in glory, and spake of his decease which he should accomplish at Jerusalem. 32<\/sup> But Peter and they that were with him were heavy with sleep: and when they were awake, they saw his glory, and the two men that stood with him. 33<\/sup> And it came to pass, as they departed from him, Peter said unto Jesus, Master, it is good for us to be here: and let us make three tabernacles; one for thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elias: not knowing what he said. 34<\/sup> While he thus spake, there came a cloud, and overshadowed them: and they feared as they entered into the cloud. 35<\/sup> And there came a voice out of the cloud, saying, This is my beloved Son: hear him.<\/span>" (Luke 9:28-35)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Although John the son of Zebedee was an eyewitness to that unique miracle, the Gospel according to John’s account did not mention it, <\/span>and it was mentioned in<\/span> the Gospel of Matthew and Luke. This is <\/span>a <\/span>conclusive evidence that the author of the Gospel of John is not John the son of Zebedee.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

8- Not mentioning the story of how Jesus met for the first time John the son of Zebedee and his brother James:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This story is mentioned in the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, but it <\/span>i<\/span>s not mentioned in the Gospel of John. If John the son of Zebedee, the disciple of Jesus, was the one who wrote the Gospel of John, <\/span>would not<\/span> he mention how he met with Jesus for the first time?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

9- Sharp difference between the Gospel of John and the other three Gospels in stating the story of Jesus' encounter with Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, and John:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"18<\/span><\/sup> And Jesus, walking by the sea of Galilee, saw two brethren, Simon<\/strong> called Peter<\/strong>, and Andrew<\/strong> his brother, casting a net into the sea<\/strong>: for they were fishers. 19<\/sup> And he saith unto them, Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men. 20<\/sup> And they straightway left their nets, and followed him. 21<\/sup> And going on from thence, he saw other two brethren, James the son of Zebedee, and John<\/u><\/strong> his brother, in a ship with Zebedee their father<\/strong>, mending their nets<\/strong>; and he called them. 22<\/sup> And they immediately left the ship and their father, and followed him.<\/span>" (Matthew 4:18-22)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"16<\/span><\/sup> Now as he walked by the sea of Galilee, he saw Simon<\/strong> and Andrew<\/strong> his brother casting a net into the sea<\/strong>: for they were fishers. 17<\/sup> And Jesus said unto them, Come ye after me, and I will make you to become fishers of men. 18<\/sup> And straightway they forsook their nets, and followed him. 19<\/sup> And when he had gone a little farther thence, he saw James the son of Zebedee, and John<\/u><\/strong> his brother, who also were in the ship mending their nets<\/strong>. 20<\/sup> And straightway he called them: and they left their father Zebedee in the ship with the hired servants, and went after him.<\/span>" (Mark 1:16-20)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"2<\/span><\/sup> And saw two ships standing by the lake: but the fishermen were gone out of them, and were washing their nets. 3<\/sup> And he entered into one of the ships, which was Simon's<\/strong>, and prayed him that he would thrust out a little from the land<\/strong>. And he sat down, and taught the people out of the ship. 4<\/sup> Now when he had left speaking, he said unto Simon, Launch out into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught. 5<\/sup> And Simon answering said unto him, Master, we have toiled all the night, and have taken nothing: nevertheless at thy word I will let down the net. 6<\/sup> And when they had this done, they inclosed a great multitude of fishes<\/strong>: and their net brake<\/strong>. 7<\/sup> And they beckoned unto their partners, which were in the other ship, that they should come and help them. And they came, and filled both the ships, so that they began to sink. 8<\/sup> When Simon Peter saw it, he fell down at Jesus' knees, saying, Depart from me; for I am a sinful man, O Lord. 9<\/sup> For he was astonished, and all that were with him, at the draught of the fishes which they had taken: 10<\/sup> And so was also James, and John<\/strong><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span><\/strong> the sons of Zebedee, which were partners with Simon<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. And Jesus said unto Simon, Fear not; from henceforth thou shalt catch men. 11<\/sup> And when they had brought their ships to land, they forsook all, and followed him<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>" (Luke 5:2-11)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"35<\/span><\/sup> Again the next day after John (the Baptist<\/strong>) stood, and<\/strong> two of his disciples<\/strong>; 36<\/sup> And looking upon Jesus as he walked, he saith, Behold the Lamb of God. 37<\/sup> And the two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus. 38<\/sup>Then Jesus turned, and saw them following, and saith unto them, What seek ye? They said unto him, Rabbi, (which is to say, being interpreted, Master,) where dwellest thou? 39<\/sup> He saith unto them, Come and see. They came and saw where he dwelt, and abode with him that day: for it was about the tenth hour. 40<\/sup> One of the two which heard John speak, and followed him, was<\/strong> Andrew, Simon Peter's brother<\/strong>. 41<\/sup> He first findeth his own brother Simon<\/strong>, and saith unto him, We have found the Messias, which is, being interpreted, the Christ. 42<\/sup> And he brought him to Jesus<\/strong>. And when Jesus beheld him, he said, Thou art Simon the son of Jona: thou shalt be called Cephas, which is by interpretation, A stone.<\/span>" (John 1:35-42)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Thus, the Gospel of John is the only Gospel that did not mention the true story that the <\/span>other <\/span>three Gospels<\/span> agreed upon<\/span>, namely that Simon (Peter) and his brother Andrew and both John and James the sons of Zebedee were fishers whom Jesus met with on the beach (according to the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Mark) or inside the ship at <\/span>the <\/span>sea (according to the Gospel of Luke).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As we see, the Gospel of John is the only <\/span>one<\/span> that did not mention the story of Jesus' encounter with John and James, the sons of Zebedee. <\/span>Therefore,<\/span> how c<\/span>ould<\/span> we accept that the writer of the Gospel of John is John the son of Zebedee, the disciple of Christ? Was he not supposed to mention the most <\/span>crucial<\/span> moment in his life, <\/span>that changed his entire life, namely, <\/span>how he met with Christ and how was that meeting?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

10- Not mentioning the names of Jesus' disciples:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The other three gospels <\/span>had <\/span>mentioned the names of the disciples of Christ in detail. As for the Gospel of John, it is the <\/span>only one<\/span> that did not mention the names of the twelve disciples, <\/span>except<\/span> for <\/span>Andrew, Peter, and Philip. And the issue of mentioning the names of the disciples is <\/span>crucial<\/span>, and there is no justification for its absence unless the author of this <\/span>Gospel<\/span> did not know their names well. <\/span>Moreover<\/span>, he added a new name that was not mentioned in any other Gospel, <\/span>namely,<\/span> "Nathanael<\/span>.<\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

11- James, the brother of John the son of Zebedee, never <\/span><\/span><\/strong>be <\/span><\/span><\/strong>mentioned in the Gospel of John:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

John and James<\/span>,<\/span> the sons of Zebedee<\/span>,<\/span> were two of the disciples of Christ. If John the son of Zebedee was the one who wrote the Gospel of John, <\/span>would not he <\/span>mention his brother's name in his Gospel? Not even how his brother met with Jesus?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

12- The author of the Gospel of John did not know Salome[50]<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>,<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <\/strong>the mother of John the son of Zebedee:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

If John the son of Zebedee, was the author of the Gospel of John, <\/span>would not he<\/span> know what his mother Salome did in the service of Christ and <\/span>would<\/span> mention this in his Gospel?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Although Salome, the mother of John the son of Zebedee, went to the grave of Christ to anoint him with sweet spices with Mary Magdalene and Mary mother of James the less and of Joses, the writer of the Gospel of John did not mention this at all, while the Gospel of Mark <\/span>had <\/span>mentioned it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"1<\/span><\/sup> And when the sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene<\/strong>, and Mary the mother of James<\/strong>, and Salome<\/strong>, had bought sweet spices, that they might come and anoint him. 2<\/sup> And very early in the morning the first day of the week, they came unto the sepulchre<\/strong> at the rising of the sun. 3<\/sup> And they said among themselves, Who shall roll us away the stone<\/strong> from the door of the sepulchre? 4<\/sup> And when they looked, they saw that the stone was rolled away<\/strong>: for it was very great. 5<\/sup> And entering into the sepulchre, they saw a young man sitting<\/strong> on the right side, clothed in a long white garment; and they were affrighted. 6<\/sup> And he saith unto them, Be not affrighted: Ye seek Jesus of Nazareth, which was crucified: he is risen; he is not here: behold the place where they laid him. 7<\/sup> But go your way, tell his disciples and Peter<\/strong> that he goeth before you into Galilee: there shall ye see him, as he said unto you.<\/span>" (Mark 16:1-7)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"1<\/span><\/sup><\/span> The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene<\/strong> early, when it was yet dark, unto the sepulchre, and seeth the stone taken away from the sepulchre. 2<\/sup> Then she runneth, and cometh to Simon Peter, and to the other disciple, whom Jesus loved, and saith unto them, They have taken away the Lord out of the sepulchre, and we know not where they have laid him. 3<\/sup> Peter therefore went forth, and that other disciple, and came to the sepulchre<\/strong>. … 11<\/sup> But Mary stood without at the sepulchre weeping: and as she wept, she stooped down, and looked into the sepulchre, 12<\/sup> And seeth two angels<\/strong> in white sitting, the one at the head, and the other at the feet, where the body of Jesus had lain. 13<\/sup> And they say unto her, Woman, why weepest thou? She saith unto them, Because they have taken away my Lord, and I know not where they have laid him. 14<\/sup> And when she had thus said, she turned herself back, and saw Jesus standing<\/strong>, and knew not that it was Jesus.<\/span><\/span>" (John 20:1-3, 4-11)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"1<\/span><\/sup><\/span> In the end of the sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene<\/strong> and the other Mary<\/strong> to see the sepulchre. 2<\/sup> And, behold, there was a great earthquake<\/strong>: for the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and came and rolled back the stone from the door, and sat upon it<\/strong>. 3<\/sup> His countenance was like lightning, and his raiment white as snow: 4<\/sup> And for fear of him the keepers did shake, and became as dead men.<\/span><\/span>" (Matthew 28:1-4)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"55<\/span><\/sup> And the women also, which came with him from Galilee, followed after, and beheld the sepulchre<\/strong>, and how his body was laid. 56<\/sup> And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments; and rested the sabbath day according to the commandment. 1<\/sup> Now upon the first day of the week, very early in the morning, they came unto the sepulchre, bringing the spices which they had prepared, and certain others with them<\/strong>. 2<\/sup> And they found the stone rolled away from the sepulchre. … 9<\/sup> And returned from the sepulchre, and told all these things unto the eleven, and to all the rest. 10<\/sup> It was Mary Magdalene<\/strong> and Joanna<\/strong>, and Mary the mother of James<\/strong>, and other women that were with them<\/strong>, which told these things unto the apostles. 11<\/sup> And their words seemed to them as idle tales, and they believed them not. 12<\/sup> Then arose Peter<\/strong>, and ran unto the sepulchre; and stooping down, he beheld the linen clothes laid by themselves, and departed, wondering in himself at that which was come to pass.<\/span>" (Luke 23:55-56, - 24:1-3,9-12)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Among the peremptory evidence that all the writers of the Gospels <\/span>neither <\/span>were disciples of Christ nor <\/span>eye-<\/span>witnesses, is their tremendous contradictions in each story. Whereas the writer of the Gospel of Mark <\/span>mentioned<\/span>that three women went to the grave of Christ, including Salome, the mother of John the son of Zebedee, the writer of the Gospel of John did not know that the mother of John the son of Zebedee <\/span>went<\/span> to the grave, <\/span>thus,<\/span> he mentioned that only one woman went to the grave, namely, Mary Magdalene. As for the Gospel of Luke, it mentioned that many women went to the grave, including Mary Magdalene, Joanna, and Mary the mother of James. Thus, the Gospel of Luke mentioned three names of the women that went to the grave, but different from the Gospel of Mark<\/span>, namely it<\/span> mentioned the name of Joanna instead of the name <\/span>of <\/span>Salome. This Joanna is the wife of Chuza Herod's steward, whose name is mentioned in (Luke 8:3). As for the Gospel of Matthew, it mentioned that only two women went to the grave, namely, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

According to the Gospel of Mark, they found that the stone had rolled and inside the tomb there was an angel in the form of a young man, who told them that Jesus is not here inside the tomb and they <\/span>have to<\/span> tell the disciples to go to Galilee to meet him. As for the Gospel of John, the stone had <\/span>also <\/span>rolled, <\/span>but it mentioned that<\/span> Peter and another disciple <\/span>also <\/span>went to the tomb, and that Mary Magdalene saw two angels inside the grave <\/span>and<\/span> Christ appeared to her outside the grave. As for the Gospel of Luke, the stone had also rolled, but later only Peter went there<\/span>,<\/span> and there is no mention of another disciple with him. As for the Gospel of Matthew, the stone had not rolled when the two women went there, but a great earthquake occurred because an angel had descended from the heaven and rolled the stone in front of everyone, and for fear of him the keepers did shake and became as dead men.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

13- Not mentioning the genealogy of Jesus and his miraculous birth from a virgin and the incident of Temptation of Christ by Satan:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

These are <\/span>critical<\/span> stories and incidents that have been mentioned in the other three <\/span>G<\/span>ospels, <\/span>therefore,<\/span> how did the writer of the Gospel of John not mention them if he was <\/span>indeed<\/span> John<\/span>,<\/span> the disciple?<\/span> Look the incident of ‘Temptation of Christ’ (Matthew 4:1-11), (Mark 1:12-13), (Luke 4:1-13).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

14- The author of this <\/span><\/span><\/strong>G<\/span><\/span><\/strong>ospel spoke <\/span><\/span><\/strong>the <\/span><\/span><\/strong>Greek language fluently:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Theologians have unanimously agreed that this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel was written in <\/span>the <\/span>eloquent and high-level Greek language, <\/span>therefore,<\/span> how could it be that John the son of Zebedee<\/span>,<\/span> the simple fisherman<\/span>,<\/span> was the one who wrote this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel in that high-level Greek language and a refined style that the great Greek poets could envy him about it? How could a simple fisherman quote from Greek philosophy?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Christian theologians have admitted that the disciples did not know the Greek language<\/span>,<\/span> for example,<\/span> Peter needed Mark as a translator. <\/span>Following<\/span> is a description of John the son of Zebedee and Peter in the Acts of the Apostles chapter 4<\/span>,<\/span> verse 13: "13<\/span><\/sup> Now when they saw the boldness of Peter and John<\/strong>, and perceived that they were unlearned and ignorant men<\/strong>, they marvelled; and they took knowledge of them, that they had been with Jesus.<\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

‘U<\/span>unlearned and ignorant,’ this is the description of John the son of Zebedee in the book of Acts<\/span>.<\/span> Such<\/span> description <\/span>is <\/span>sufficient to demonstrate the impossibility of being the author of the Gospel attributed to him. That Gospel which begins with a phrase quoted from the words of Philo, the Alexandrian Jewish philosopher.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

15- Not mentioning the miracle of Peter walking on water:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"26<\/span><\/sup> And when the disciples saw<\/strong> him walking on the sea, they were troubled, saying, It is a spirit; and they cried out for fear. 27<\/sup> But straightway Jesus spake unto them, saying, Be of good cheer; it is I; be not afraid. 28<\/sup> And Peter answered him and said, Lord, if it be thou, bid me come unto thee on the water. 29<\/sup> And he said, Come. And when Peter<\/strong> was come down out of the ship, he walked on the water, to go to Jesus<\/strong>.<\/span>" (Matthew 14:26-29)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

16- Mentioning myths in the Gospel of John:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"3<\/span><\/sup> In these lay a great multitude of impotent folk, of blind, halt, withered, waiting<\/strong> for the moving of the water<\/strong>. 4<\/sup>For an angel<\/strong> went down at a certain season<\/u><\/strong> into the pool<\/strong>, and troubled the water: whosoever<\/strong> then first<\/strong> after the troubling of the water stepped in<\/strong> was made whole of whatsoever<\/strong> disease he had.<\/span>" (John 5:3-4)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

However, t<\/span>he Gospel of John did not tell us whether that angel was still going down into the pool at the time of writing this <\/span>G<\/span>ospel or stopped <\/span>to do so<\/span>? The phrase "at a certain season<\/span>" indicates that the angel stopped going down into the pool at the time of writing that gospel. Is that angel still <\/span>doing so<\/span> nowadays, or <\/span>that was for<\/span> a temporary period that ended?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chapter Eleven<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Did the Holy Spirit inspire the four Gospels?<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1- The Church’s need to claim that the New Testament was inspired by the Holy Spirit:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

We always find in the Church's introduction of each Gospel this phrase, "He wrote it with the inspiration of the Holy Spirit<\/strong>". Although there is no evidence on that, by repeating this phrase everywhere, the <\/span>average<\/span> Christian people become accustomed to it and <\/span>be <\/span>deceived by it and <\/span>accordingly<\/span> repeat it without verifying its authenticity. The reason why the Church attributes th<\/span>o<\/span>se four <\/span>G<\/span>ospels to the Holy Spirit is to affix the character of sacredness to <\/span>them,<\/span> thus,<\/span> they become divine books written by divine inspiration and not historical books written by men. <\/span>Moreover<\/span>, these <\/span>G<\/span>ospels w<\/span>ould<\/span> have authority over Christian people, and they w<\/span>ould<\/span> adhere to them and their teachings.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

2- None of the four Gospels mentioned that it was inspired by the Holy Spirit:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

How can the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch claim on every occasion that the four <\/span>G<\/span>ospels were <\/span>inspired<\/span> by<\/span> the Holy Spirit<\/span>,<\/span> whereas<\/span> the gospels themselves did not claim that?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

3- Why was it revealed to four people?<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

It is <\/span>un<\/span>reasonable for the Holy Spirit to inspire four people four times to write the same book. Even the strange thing about this is that the first Gospel <\/span>to be<\/span> written<\/span> was<\/span> the Gospel of<\/span> Mark<\/span>.<\/span> Therefore,<\/span> how <\/span>could<\/span> the Holy Spirit inspire <\/span>first <\/span>a person named Mark who was not one of the disciples<\/span>,<\/span> preferring him over<\/span> the disciples who were eyewitnesses to the <\/span>incidents<\/span>?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

4- The contradiction between the four gospels:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

If the Holy Spirit w<\/span>ere<\/span> the one who inspired the four Gospels, then how <\/span>could be there<\/span> all these contradictions? <\/span>In<\/span>every story mentioned in two or more <\/span>G<\/span>ospels, we find sharp contradictions. Is it reasonable that the Holy Spirit inspired false information? Or did the Holy Spirit forget what it inspired <\/span>before<\/span> and accordingly inspired other details <\/span>later<\/span>? If the Holy Spirit <\/span>were<\/span> the one who <\/span>indeed<\/span> inspired those gospels, then they would be identical<\/span>,<\/span>without any difference in the number of chapters, verses, or even <\/span>in<\/span> word<\/span>ing<\/span> and their arrangement.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"54<\/span><\/sup> Now when the centurion, and they that were with him, watching Jesus, saw the earthquake, and those things that were done, they feared greatly, saying, Truly this was the Son of God<\/strong>.<\/span>" (Matthew 27:54)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"47<\/span><\/sup> Now when the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, Certainly this was a righteous man<\/strong>.<\/span>" (Luke 23:47)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

5- The Gospel of Luke admits that it was not written with a revelation from the Holy Spirit:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

At the beginning of Luke’s Gospel<\/span>,<\/span> there is a critical<\/span> confession that destroys the <\/span>claim<\/span> that the Gospels were inspired by the Holy Spirit<\/span>,<\/span> and affirms that those Gospels are not Gospels, <\/span>but<\/span> rather <\/span>letters, declarations<\/span>,<\/span> and historical records. This is what we will cover in detail in the next chapter, God willing.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chapter Twelve<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Confessions of the Gospel of Luke<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"1<\/span><\/sup> Forasmuch as<\/strong> many<\/u><\/strong> have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration<\/u><\/strong> of those things which are most surely believed among us, 2<\/sup> Even as they<\/strong> delivered them unto us<\/strong>, which from the beginning were eyewitnesses, and ministers of the word; 3<\/sup> It seemed good to me also<\/u><\/strong>, having had perfect understanding of all things from the very first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus, 4<\/sup> That thou mightest know<\/u><\/strong> the certainty of those things, wherein thou hast been instructed.<\/span>" (Luke 1:1-4)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Now let us analyze the confession of Luke that he wrote in that introduction, to see what Luke said by himself about himself, and not what the Church said about Luke:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1- Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This means that many people wrote <\/span>G<\/span>ospels on their own, and not with inspiration from the Holy Spirit. The word "many<\/span>" means the presence of many <\/span>G<\/span>ospels, not just four <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospels<\/span><\/span>. Moreover, Luke did not criticize those many gospels <\/span>that appeared before him and in his time, he did not say, "However, only three of them are <\/span>canonical,<\/span> and my gospel is the fourth<\/span> one<\/span>, and the rest are not <\/span>canonical<\/span> G<\/span>ospels<\/span>; but Apocrypha<\/span>."<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

2- Luke's confession that there were no <\/span><\/span><\/strong>G<\/span><\/span><\/strong>ospels written by the disciples of Christ:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Even surprisingly, Luke did not refer to the name of any writer of those many <\/span>G<\/span>ospels that were widespread<\/span>.<\/span>Therefore,<\/span> those Gospels were written by unknown people<\/span>;<\/span> unknown even to Luke himself. <\/span>I<\/span>f there were any <\/span>G<\/span>ospel written by any of the disciples, Luke would not dare to write a <\/span>G<\/span>ospel after him<\/span>. H<\/span>e would <\/span>rather <\/span>mention the existence of a <\/span>G<\/span>ospel written by one of the disciples of Christ, or he would sen<\/span>d<\/span> to his friend Theophilus a copy of that <\/span>G<\/span>ospel written by one of the disciples instead of writing him a letter.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

3- Luke's confession that he wrote on his own and not inspired by the Holy Spirit:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The phrase "It seemed good to me also<\/span>" confirms beyond any doubt that Luke wrote this letter to his friend Theophilus without any revelation from the Holy Spirit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

4- Luke's confession that he is writing just a letter, not a gospel:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Neither did he<\/span> say, "This is the gospel according to Luke's account<\/strong>," <\/span>nor did<\/span> he give his letter any sacred character. <\/span>Instead<\/span>, he clearly state<\/span>d<\/span> that he writes only a letter to his friend Theophilus, in which he tells him about the information that reached him regarding the life of Jesus.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chapter Thirteen<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Church admits that there are forged additions in the New Testament<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

When you, dear reader, read one of the four <\/span>G<\/span>ospels, you w<\/span>ould<\/span> find in many places the presence of an asterisk (*), or <\/span>note<\/span> between<\/span> parentheses, or note in the margin about that phrase that you read. <\/span>However,<\/span> many of us may pass that sign or brackets without giving it any attention and without thinking what <\/span>it could<\/span> mean<\/span> and why it is inside that Bible. Note that this mark may not be present in some editions<\/span>;<\/span> because<\/span> the publisher <\/span>wanted to<\/span> hide the problems related to that phrase.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

That mark or parentheses means that there is a problem related to that word, phrase, or paragraph you read. For example, the word you read in English may be is an incorrect translation of the Hebrew Old Testament, but the Church is determined to keep it and not modify it to the correct translation. Moreover, that word or phrase or paragraph you read may be a forgery that was added in the late centuries and has no origin in the old manuscripts from the early centuries.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1- "The Virgin" is a forged translation of the Hebrew word "Almah":<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"22<\/span><\/sup> Now all this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying, 23<\/sup>‘Behold, a virgin(*) shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel,’ which being interpreted is, God with us.<\/span>" (Matthew 1:22-23)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"14<\/span><\/sup> Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin(*) shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.<\/span>" (Isaiah 7:14)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

T<\/span>he word “Virgin” in the various translations of the Book of Isaiah is a false translation of the word “Almah” mentioned in the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew language, which means “a young girl of childbearing age” whether she is married or not, and it has nothing to do with virginity. For example, a person might say to a family: “Behold, your young daughter has grown up and gave birth to a son.” This means that she got already married and got pregnant. However, the writer of the Gospel of Matthew to confirm that the prophecy of the prophet Isaiah applies entirely to Christ<\/span>;<\/span> he translated the word “Almah” with the word “Virgin”. Though Christ was never called “Emmanuel<\/span>.<\/span>”<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Moreover,<\/span> in the Book of Song of Solomon, the word “Almah” was mentioned but in <\/span>the <\/span>plural form “Almot.” <\/span>However,<\/span> whereas the English translation “International Standard Version (ISV)” translated it “young women,” “King James Version (KJV)” translated it “virgins<\/span>.<\/span>”<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"3<\/span><\/sup> The fragrance of your perfumed oil is wonderful. Your name is perfume poured out. Therefore the young women<\/strong> love you.<\/span>" (Song of Solomon 1:3 - International Standard Version (ISV)[51]<\/span><\/a>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"3<\/span><\/sup> Because of the savour of thy good ointments thy name is as ointment poured forth, therefore do the virgins<\/strong> love thee.<\/span>" (Song of Solomon 1:3 - King James Version (KJV)[52]<\/span><\/a>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

2- The end of the Gospel of Mark, chapter 16 from verse 9 to verse 20 are forged verses:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chapter 16 of Mark's Gospel begins with verse 1, which says: "1<\/span><\/sup> And when the sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene<\/strong>, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome, had bought sweet spices, that they might come and anoint him.<\/span>" The church admits that this Chapter ends at verse 8, which says: "8<\/span><\/sup> And they went out quickly, and fled from the sepulchre; for they trembled and were amazed: neither said they anything<\/u> to any man; for they were afraid<\/strong>.<\/span>" On this, Mary Magdalene did not say anything to anyone because she was afraid.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Nevertheless,<\/span> the <\/span>C<\/span>hurch in the late centuries did not like the story ending here without emphasizing the appearance of Christ to the disciples<\/span>;<\/span> thus<\/span>,<\/span> added Twelve additional verses to this chapter and woven an end to this chapter from the revelation of its imagination and not from the revelation of the Holy Spirit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Thus, the Church claimed that Mary Magdalene told the disciples what happened, that Christ appeared to the disciples, that he rose to heaven and sat on the right of the Lord, and that Christ commanded them to preach the Gospel throughout the world. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The proof that these twelve verses are forged is<\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1-<\/span> Those twelve verses<\/span> do not exist <\/span>in <\/span>any<\/span> of the earliest and best manuscripts<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2- T<\/span>he<\/span>ir<\/span> writing style is different from the rest of the Gospel of Mark<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3- T<\/span>here are inconsistencies between this ending and the verses that preceded. Here are the forged twelve verses that the Church added to the Gospel of Mark<\/span> and still keeping them there<\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"9<\/sup> Now when Jesus was risen early the first day of the week, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene<\/strong>, out of whom he had cast seven devils. 10<\/sup> And she went and told them<\/u><\/strong> that had been with him, as they mourned and wept. 11<\/sup>And they, when they had heard that he was alive, and had been seen of her, believed not. 12<\/sup> After that he appeared in another form unto two of them, as they walked, and went into the country. 13<\/sup> And they went and told it unto the residue: neither believed they them. 14<\/sup> Afterward he appeared unto the eleven as they sat at meat, and upbraided them with their unbelief and hardness of heart, because they believed not them which had seen him after he was risen. 15<\/sup> And he said unto them, Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature. 16<\/sup> He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be damned. 17<\/sup> And these signs shall follow them that believe; In my name shall they cast out devils; they shall speak with new tongues; 18<\/sup> They shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall not hurt them; they shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall recover. 19<\/sup> So then after the Lord had spoken unto them, he was received up into heaven, and sat on the right hand of God. 20<\/sup> And they went forth, and preached everywhere, the Lord working with them, and confirming the word with signs following. Amen.<\/span><\/span>" (Mark 16:9-20)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The question that arises now is:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> Why do<\/span><\/span>es<\/span><\/span> the church still keep these forged verses in the Gospel of Mark despite knowing that they are forged and not divine inspiration?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

3- The verse upon which the Church relies to establish the doctrine of the Trinity is a forged:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"<\/span><\/span>7<\/span><\/span><\/sup> For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.<\/span><\/span>" (1 John 5:7)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

T<\/span><\/span>his verse was not mentioned in any of the ancient Greek manuscripts of John's first epistle, but rather it was a comment written in the side margin of the page in a Latin translation dating back to the fifth century, but over time, it seemed good to the Catholic Church to add this comment inside the Bible and to give it the character of sacredness to convince people <\/span><\/span>about<\/span><\/span> the doctrine of the Trinity.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In 1502 CE, Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros commissioned a group of Spanish translators to compile the Bible in four languages, Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Latin, so that each page <\/span><\/span>to have<\/span><\/span> four languages in four parallel columns, to create what is known as a "Complutensian Polyglot Bible." Desiderius Erasmus was in charge of the Greek edition, which is the first edition of the Bible in the Greek language. <\/span><\/span>The first and second editions of Erasmus Greek Bible <\/span><\/span>were issued without containing this verse (Chapter 5 verse 7) in John's first epistle, but the Catholic Church pressed Erasmus to add it in the third edition, but he refused that, saying that he did not find that verse mentioned in any of the Greek manuscripts, but after continuing pressure on him from the Catholic Church, he was forced to agree, <\/span><\/span>therefore,<\/span><\/span> the third edition was issued containing that verse.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Since the <\/span><\/span>‘King James version’ was based on an English translation that was based on the <\/span><\/span>third <\/span><\/span>edition of Erasmus,<\/span><\/span>it does contain<\/span><\/span> th<\/span><\/span>is<\/span><\/span> verse. As for the German translation by Martin Luther<\/span><\/span> that<\/span><\/span> was based on the <\/span><\/span>second <\/span><\/span>edition of Erasmus,<\/span><\/span> it does not contain<\/span><\/span> th<\/span><\/span>is<\/span><\/span> verse.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

That verse is still present in most editions of the Bible around the world despite the Church's knowledge that it is a forged statement that has no basis in any of the earliest manuscripts.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

4- The story of the adulterous woman is a forged:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

All<\/span><\/span> editions of the Gospel of John nowadays <\/span><\/span>contain<\/span><\/span> in chapter 8 verse 3 the story of the adulterous woman, <\/span><\/span>however<\/span><\/span>, this story was not mentioned in any of the earliest Greek papyri which the Church cites. <\/span><\/span>I<\/span><\/span>t was neither mentioned in the papyrus (P66) nor the papyrus (P75) nor <\/span><\/span>Codex Sinaiticus<\/span><\/span> nor <\/span><\/span>Codex Vaticanus<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Moreover, t<\/span><\/span>he writing style of that story differs from the writing style of the rest of the Gospel of John. Below is the papyri (P66) image without this forged story.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"..\/Downloads\/440px-Papyrus66.jpg\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"<\/span><\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And the scribes and Pharisees brought unto him a woman taken in adultery; and when they had set her in the midst, 4<\/sup> They say unto him, Master, this woman was taken in adultery, in the very act. 5<\/sup> Now Moses in the law commanded us, that such should be stoned: but what sayest thou? 6<\/sup> This they said, tempting him, that they might have to accuse him. But Jesus stooped down, and with his finger wrote on the ground, as though he heard them not. 7<\/sup> So when they continued asking him, he lifted up himself, and said unto them, He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her. 8<\/sup> And again he stooped down, and wrote on the ground. 9<\/sup> And they which heard it, being convicted by their own conscience, went out one by one, beginning at the eldest, even unto the last: and Jesus was left alone, and the woman standing in the midst. 10<\/sup> When Jesus had lifted up himself, and saw none but the woman, he said unto her, Woman, where are those thine accusers? hath no man condemned thee? 11<\/sup> She said, No man, Lord. And Jesus said unto her, Neither do I condemn thee: go, and sin no more.<\/span><\/span>" (John 8:3-11)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chapter Fourteen<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Gospel of Jesus Christ<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Muslims Gospel (Al-Injeel):<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Muslims believe that God Almighty has sent a <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel with His prophet Jesus Christ, peace be upon him, to guide the children of Israel to the straight path of God after they went astray and departed from the teachings of Moses, peace be upon him, and the teachings of the prophets whom God sent after Moses, peace be upon him.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

God Almighty says in the Noble Qur’an in Surat Al-M<\/span><\/span>â<\/span><\/span>’idah (No. 5) verse 46: <\/span><\/span>{And in their footsteps, We sent 'Iesa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary), confirming the Taurat (Torah) that had come before him, and We gave him the Injeel (Gospel), in which was guidance and light and confirmation of the Taurat (Torah) that had come before it, a guidance and an admonition for the pious.}<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Muslims believe that every Muslim must believe in the <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel that was revealed to the Prophet Jesus Christ, peace be upon him. <\/span><\/span>T<\/span><\/span>he point of disagreement between Muslims and Christians over the <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel<\/span><\/span> is;<\/span><\/span> whereas Christians call on Muslims to believe in the four <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospels, Muslims <\/span><\/span>answer<\/span><\/span> them <\/span><\/span>that<\/span><\/span> "How <\/span><\/span>do<\/span><\/span> you want us to believe in anonymous <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospels that are according to the account of anonymous people, <\/span><\/span>whereas<\/span><\/span> you do not want to believe in the Gospel according to the narration of Jesus, peace be upon him, which God Almighty revealed to him?"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Where is the Gospel of Christ now?<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As for t<\/span><\/span>he Gospel which God inspired to His Prophet Jesus, peace be upon him, there is no definitive evidence of how it disappeared. Was it a <\/span><\/span>written Gospel<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>therefore,<\/span><\/span> it was <\/span><\/span>whether <\/span><\/span>lost from the hands of the Christians or <\/span><\/span>burnt by <\/span><\/span>the Jews? Or was it an <\/span><\/span>oral Gospel <\/span><\/span>that Jesus, peace be upon him, taught people verbally, <\/span><\/span>therefore,<\/span><\/span> after God saved Christ from the hands of the Jews and raised him to Heaven, <\/span><\/span>-<\/span><\/span>without being crucified or dying<\/span><\/span>-<\/span><\/span>, it disappeared because it was an oral <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

However,<\/span><\/span> the good news is that many of the teachings of Christ, peace be upon him, are now between our hands<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>and we can read them. God Almighty revealed in the Noble Qur’an the truth about Jesus, peace be upon him, about his message, about <\/span><\/span>his sayings<\/span><\/span> to the people, and about his miracles<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> Moreover,<\/span><\/span> God Almighty revealed the truth about Mary, the mother of Jesus, peace be upon him.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

God Almighty said in the Noble Qur’an in Surat Al-M<\/span><\/span>â<\/span><\/span>’ida (No. 5) verse 75: <\/span><\/span>{The Messiah (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary), was no more than a Messenger; many were the Messengers that passed away before him. His mother (Mary) was a believing woman. They both used to eat food (as any other human being, while Allah does not eat). Look how We make the Ayat (proofs, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) clear to them, yet look how they are deluded away (from the truth).}<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

God Almighty said in the Noble Qur’an in Surat Al-M<\/span><\/span>â<\/span><\/span>’ida (No. 5) verse 116: <\/span><\/span>{And (remember) when Allah will say (on the Day of Resurrection): "O 'Iesa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary). Did you say unto men: 'Worship me and my mother as two gods besides Allah?' " He will say: "Glory be to You. It was not for me to say what I had no right (to say). Had I said such a thing, You would surely have known it. You know what is in my inner-self though I do not know what is in Yours, truly, You, only You, are the All-Knower of all that is hidden and unseen.}<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Four Gospels recognize the existence of the Gospel of Christ:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Gospel of Christ was clearly mentioned in the four Gospels. Whereas many priests admit that there was a Gospel with Christ -<\/span><\/span>without knowing<\/span><\/span> how it was lost or disappeared-, other priests deny this, saying: "There was no <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel with Christ, and the <\/span><\/span>phrase<\/span><\/span> "the Gospel of Christ" which mentioned in the four Gospels does not mean that he was carrying a book in his hands called "the Gospel,<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span> but he was carrying ‘good news’ for the people, for the word "<\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel (evangel)" is a translation of the Greek word (ε\u1f50αγγ\u03adλιον) that means ‘good news<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>’<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

However,<\/span><\/span> what was mentioned by those priests who deny the existence of the Gospel of Christ, <\/span><\/span>is incorrect <\/span><\/span>according to the Greek language. Because<\/span><\/span> the Greek word (ε\u1f50αγγ\u03adλιον) means "the good news" but in its literal sense, <\/span><\/span>however,<\/span><\/span> its real meaning <\/span><\/span>is<\/span><\/span> only "the Gospel" and <\/span><\/span>wa<\/span><\/span>s never used in the sense of "good news<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

For example, if a Greek father said to his son, bring me the (Ευαγγ\u03adλιο), he <\/span><\/span>would<\/span><\/span> bring him the Bible, and he would never understand that his father asked him to bring him ‘good news’. Also, if a Greek person wants to say that he has good news, he would never use the word (Ευαγγ\u03adλιο)<\/span><\/span>;<\/span><\/span> instead,<\/span><\/span> he would use other two words, namely, "Kala Nea" (in Greek Καλ\u03ac Ν\u03adα).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Now, let<\/span><\/span> u<\/span><\/span>s see how the four <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospels have mentioned the existence of <\/span><\/span>a G<\/span><\/span>ospel with Christ, and to see whether the word <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel here in the following phrases means <\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>the <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel<\/span><\/span>’<\/span><\/span> that was revealed to Christ or means <\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>good news<\/span><\/span>’<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>6<\/span><\/span><\/sup> I marvel that ye are so soon removed from him that called you into the grace of Christ unto another gospel<\/strong>: 7<\/sup>Which is not another; but there be some that trouble you, and would pervert the <\/strong><\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span><\/strong>ospel of Christ<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. 8<\/sup> But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel<\/strong> unto you than that<\/strong> which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed. 9<\/sup> As we said before, so say I now again, if any man preach any other gospel<\/strong> unto you than that ye have received, let him be accursed.<\/span><\/span>" (<\/span><\/span>Galatians 1:6-9<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

When Paul said here, "<\/span><\/span>I marvel that ye are so soon removed from him that called you into the grace of Christ unto another gospel<\/span><\/span>,” did he mean that they deserted the good news from Christ and went to <\/span><\/span>an<\/span><\/span>other good news, or that they moved from the <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel of Christ to another <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel? Because if they moved from good news to <\/span><\/span>an<\/span><\/span>other good news, then what is <\/span><\/span>wrong<\/span><\/span> with<\/span><\/span> th<\/span><\/span>at<\/span><\/span>? Both are good news. <\/span><\/span>Moreover,<\/span><\/span> if he meant by the Greek word (ε\u1f50αγγ\u03adλιον) ‘good news<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>’ then he should say that they moved from the good news from Christ to bad news. Because if they moved from the good news of Christ, sure they went to bad news, not good news.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Moreover,<\/span><\/span> when he said<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> "<\/span><\/span>there be some that trouble you, and would pervert the <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel of Christ<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>" <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>oes the word "Gospel" here mean ‘good news’? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Although most of Bible versions in the most languages of the world translated the Greek word (ε\u1f50αγγ\u03adλιον) with <\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>Gospel,<\/span><\/span>’<\/span><\/span> some versions in order to hide that there was a Gospel with Christ, they translated the Greek word with <\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>good news.<\/span><\/span>’<\/span><\/span> When read<\/span><\/span>ing<\/span><\/span> those versions (some are in the English language)<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> you <\/span><\/span>would <\/span><\/span>feel that the translation is unreasonable and ridiculous.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>10<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And the <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span><\/strong>ospel<\/span><\/span><\/strong> must first be published among all<\/strong> nations<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>" (Mark 13:10)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As we see here that Christ, commanded his disciples to preach his <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel among the twelve tribes of children of Israel.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

What is meant by ‘<\/span><\/span>all nations<\/span><\/span>’ here <\/span><\/span>is<\/span><\/span> ‘the twelve tribes of Israel<\/strong>,’ and not all the nations of the world. Some translations have manipulated the translation of the word 'all nations' to deceive the reader that the message of Christ is universal and that he was not only sent to the lost sheep of the Children of Israel (as mentioned in Matthew 15:24).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Certainly, Christ did not command them at that time to preach the <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel according to the account of Matthew, Mark, Luke<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> or John, but he was instructing them to preach the original <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel that God inspired him, among the twelve tribes of children of Israel.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>11<\/span><\/span><\/sup> But I certify you, brethren, that the <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span><\/strong>ospel<\/span><\/span><\/strong> which was preached of me is not after man. 12<\/sup> For I neither received it of man, neither was I taught it, but by the revelation of Jesus Christ.<\/span><\/span>" (<\/span><\/span>Galatians 1:11-12<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

4-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>13<\/span><\/span><\/sup> In whom ye also trusted, after that ye heard the word of truth<\/strong>, the gospel of your salvation<\/strong>: in whom also after that ye believed, ye were sealed with that holy Spirit of promise,<\/span><\/span>" (<\/span><\/span>Ephesians 1:13<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

5-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>10<\/span><\/span><\/sup> But is now made manifest by the appearing of our Saviour Jesus Christ, who hath abolished death<\/strong>, and hath brought life and immortality to light through the gospel<\/strong>:<\/span><\/span>" (2 Timothy 1:10)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Here, did Christ abolished death and brought life through <\/span><\/span>the <\/span><\/span>good news<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> or the Gospel?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

6-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>17<\/span><\/span><\/sup> But the other of love, knowing that I am set for the defence of the gospel.<\/span><\/span>" (<\/span><\/span>Philippians <\/span><\/span>1:17)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

7-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>15<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And how shall they preach, except they be sent? as it is written, How beautiful are the feet of them that preach<\/strong> the gospel<\/u><\/strong> of peace, and bring glad tidings<\/u> of good things<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span> 16<\/span><\/span><\/sup> But they have not all obeyed<\/strong> the gospel<\/u><\/strong>. For Esaias saith, Lord, who hath believed our report? 17<\/sup> So then faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God<\/u><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>" (Romans 10:15-17)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As we see here, he said<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> "<\/span><\/span>preach the gospel<\/u> of peace, and bring glad tidings,<\/u><\/span><\/span>" <\/span><\/span>so,<\/span><\/span> they are <\/span><\/span>two different things, <\/span><\/span>therefore,<\/span><\/span> ‘gospel’ does not mean ‘glad tidings’ or ‘good news’ as some may claim.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The translation above is from King James Version,<\/span><\/span> and<\/span><\/span> if you compare it with some other translations, you will find that they omit the word "<\/span><\/span>preach the gospel<\/u> of peace<\/span><\/span>,”<\/span><\/span> and they replaced the word "<\/span><\/span>hearing by the word of God<\/span><\/span>" with "<\/span><\/span>the message comes through preaching Christ<\/span><\/span>" or "<\/span><\/span>hearing by the word of Christ<\/span><\/span>" or "<\/span><\/span>through the word of the<\/span><\/span> Messiah<\/span><\/span>".<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

8-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And I intreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which laboured with me in the gospel<\/strong>, with Clement also, and with other my fellowlabourers, whose names are in the Book of life<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>" (<\/span><\/span>Philippians 4:3<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As for “<\/span><\/span>the Book of <\/span><\/span>L<\/span><\/span>ife<\/span><\/span>” mentioned above, where is<\/span><\/span> it<\/span><\/span>? Why <\/span><\/span>is <\/span><\/span>it not in the Bible today? How was<\/span><\/span> it<\/span><\/span> disappeared?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

9-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>9<\/span><\/span><\/sup> (Jesus said, …) <\/span><\/span>Verily I say unto you, Wheresoever this gospel<\/strong> shall be preached throughout the whole world, this also that she hath done shall be spoken of for a memorial of her.<\/span><\/span>" (Mark 14:9)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

10-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>13<\/span><\/span><\/sup> Verily I say unto you, Wheresoever this gospel<\/strong> shall be preached in the whole world, there shall also this, that this woman hath done, be told for a memorial of her.<\/span><\/span>" (Matthew 26:13)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

11-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>15<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>" (Mark 1:15)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

12-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>35<\/span><\/span><\/sup> W<\/span><\/span>hosoever shall lose his life for my sake and the gospel's<\/strong>, the same shall save it.<\/span><\/span>" (Mark 8:35)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

13-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>29<\/span><\/span><\/strong> And Jesus answered and said, Verily I say unto you, There is no man that hath left house, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my sake, and the gospel's<\/strong>, 30<\/sup> But he shall receive an hundredfold now in this time, houses, and brethren, and sisters, and mothers, and children, and lands, with persecutions; and in the world to come eternal life.<\/span><\/span>" (Mark 10:29-30)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

14-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/strong> And it came to pass, that, as the people pressed upon him to hear the word of God<\/strong><\/span><\/span>" (Luke 5:1)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

15-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And straightway many were gathered together, insomuch that there was no room to receive them, no, not so much as about the door: and he preached the word<\/strong> unto them.<\/span><\/span>" (Mark 2:2)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

16-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>49<\/span><\/span><\/sup> For I have not spoken of myself; but the Father which sent me, he gave me a commandment<\/strong>, what I should say, and what I should speak. 50<\/sup> And I know that His commandment<\/strong> is life everlasting: whatsoever I speak therefore, even as the Father said unto me, so I speak<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>" (John 12:49-50)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

17-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>31<\/span><\/span><\/sup> He that cometh from above is above all: he that is of the earth is earthly, and speaketh of the earth: he that cometh from heaven is above all. 32<\/sup> And what he hath seen and heard, that he testifieth; and no man receiveth his testimony. 33<\/sup> He that hath received his testimony hath set to his seal that God is true. 34<\/sup> For he whom God hath sent speaketh the words of God<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>" (John 3:31-34)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

18-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>6<\/span><\/span><\/sup> I have manifested thy name unto the men which thou gavest me out of the world: thine they were, and thou gavest them me; and they have kept thy word<\/u><\/strong>. 7<\/sup> Now they have known that all things whatsoever thou hast given me<\/strong> are of thee<\/u><\/strong>. 8<\/sup> For I have given unto them the words which thou gavest me<\/u><\/strong>; and they have received them, and have known surely that I came out from thee, and they have believed that thou didst send me. … 14<\/sup> I have given them thy word<\/u><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>" (John 17:6-8,14)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

19-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>21<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And he answered and said unto them, My mother and my brethren are these which hear the word of God<\/strong>, and do it.<\/span><\/span>" (Luke 8:21)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

20-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>22<\/span><\/span><\/sup> When therefore he was risen from the dead, his disciples remembered that he had said this unto them; and they believed the scripture<\/strong>, and the word<\/strong> which Jesus had said.<\/span><\/span>" (John 2:22)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

21-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>24<\/span><\/span><\/sup> He that loveth me not keepeth not my sayings: and the word<\/strong> which ye hear is not mine, but the Father's which sent me.<\/span><\/span>" (John 14:24)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

22-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>7<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And when there had been much disputing, Peter rose up, and said unto them, Men and brethren, ye know how that a good while ago God made choice among us, that the Gentiles by my mouth should hear the word of the gospel<\/strong>, and believe.<\/span><\/span>" (Acts 5:7)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

23-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>5<\/span><\/span><\/sup> For the hope which is laid up for you in heaven, whereof ye heard before in the word of the truth of the gospel<\/strong>;<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span> (<\/span><\/span>Colossians <\/span><\/span>1:5)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

24-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>23<\/span><\/span><\/sup> If ye continue in the faith grounded and settled, and be not moved away from the hope of the gospel<\/strong>, which ye have heard, and which was preached to every creature which is under heaven; whereof I Paul am made a minister;<\/span><\/span>" <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>Colossians <\/span><\/span>1:23)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

25-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>8<\/span><\/span><\/sup> So being affectionately desirous of you, we were willing to have imparted unto <\/span><\/span>you<\/span><\/span>, not the gospel of God<\/strong>only, but also our own souls, because ye were dear unto us.<\/span><\/span>" (1 Thessalonians<\/span><\/span> 2:8)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

26-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And sent Timotheus, our brother, and minister of God, and our fellowlabourer in the gospel of Christ<\/strong>, to establish you, and to comfort you concerning your faith:<\/span><\/span>" (<\/span><\/span>1 Thessalonians<\/span><\/span> 3<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span>2)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

27-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>15<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace<\/strong>;<\/span><\/span>" (<\/span><\/span>Ephesians<\/span><\/span> 6:15)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

28-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>7<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And to you who are troubled rest with us, when the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with his mighty angels, 8<\/sup> In flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ<\/strong>:<\/span><\/span>" (2<\/span><\/span> Thessalonians<\/span><\/span> 1:7-8)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Here, d<\/span><\/span>id he mean that<\/span><\/span> they obey not the <\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>good news<\/span><\/span>’<\/span><\/span> of Christ or they obey not the <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>ospel of Christ? <\/span><\/span>Do the ‘good news’ to be obeyed or to be preached<\/span><\/span>?<\/span><\/span> Sure, he meant the Gospel of Christ that should be obeyed.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

29-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>11<\/span><\/span><\/sup> According to the glorious gospel<\/u> of the blessed God<\/strong>, which was committed to my trust<\/u><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>" (<\/span><\/span>1 Timothy 1<\/span><\/span>:11<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

30-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/sup> But as we were allowed of God to be put in trust with<\/strong> the gospel<\/strong>, even so we speak; not as pleasing men, but God, which trieth our hearts.<\/span><\/span>" (1 Thessalonians 2:4)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

31-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>8<\/span><\/span><\/sup> Be not thou therefore ashamed of the testimony of our Lord, nor of me his prisoner: but be thou partaker of the afflictions of the gospel<\/strong> according to the power of God;<\/span><\/span>" (2 Timothy 1:8)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

32-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>12<\/span><\/span><\/sup> … but suffer all things, lest we should hinder the gospel of Christ<\/strong>. … 14<\/sup> Even so hath the Lord ordained that they which preach the gospel<\/strong> should live of the gospel<\/strong>. … 18<\/sup> What is my reward then? Verily that, when I preach the gospel<\/strong>, I may make the gospel of Christ<\/strong> without charge, that I abuse not my power in the gospel<\/strong>. … 23<\/sup> And this I do for the gospel's sake<\/strong>, that I might be partaker thereof with you.<\/span><\/span>" (1 Corinthians 9:12,14,18,23)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

33-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And I went up by revelation, and communicated unto them that gospel<\/strong> which I preach among the Gentiles, but privately to them which were of reputation, lest by any means I should run, or had run, in vain.<\/span><\/span>" (Galatians 2:2)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

34-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>5<\/span><\/span><\/sup> To whom we gave place by subjection, no, not for an hour; that the truth of the gospel<\/strong> might continue with you.<\/span><\/span>" (Galatians 2:5)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

35-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>14<\/span><\/span><\/sup> But when I saw that they walked not uprightly according to the truth of the gospel<\/strong>, I said unto Peter before them all, If thou, being a Jew, livest after the manner of Gentiles, and not as do the Jews, why compellest thou the Gentiles to live as do the Jews?<\/span><\/span>" (Galatians 2:14)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Did he mean here that “<\/span><\/span>they walked not uprightly according to the truth of the Gospel<\/span><\/span>” or the ‘good news’?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

36-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>19<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And for me, that utterance may be given unto me, that I may open my mouth boldly, to make known the mystery of the gospel<\/strong>,<\/span><\/span>" (Ephesians 6:19)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Does it fit here to say, the mystery of the ‘good news’ or the mystery of the Gospel?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

37-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>7<\/span><\/span><\/sup> Even as it is meet for me to think this of you all, because I have you in my heart; inasmuch as both in my bonds, and in the defense and confirmation of the gospel<\/strong>, ye all are partakers of my grace.<\/span><\/span>" (Philippians 1:7)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

38-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>12<\/span><\/span><\/sup> But I would ye should understand, brethren, that the things which happened unto me have fallen out rather unto the furtherance of the gospel<\/strong>;<\/span><\/span>" (Philippians 1:12)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

39-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>27<\/span><\/span><\/sup> Only let your conversation be as it becometh the gospel of Christ<\/strong>: that whether I come and see you, or else be absent, I may hear of your affairs, that ye stand fast in one spirit, with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel<\/strong>;<\/span><\/span>" (Philippians 1:27)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

40-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>22<\/span><\/span><\/sup> But ye know the proof of him, that, as a son with the father, he hath served with me in the gospel<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>" (Philippians 2:22)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

41-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/sup> Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God<\/strong>,<\/span><\/span>" (Romans 1:1)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

42-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>9<\/span><\/span><\/sup> For God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit in the gospel of his Son<\/strong>, that without ceasing I make mention of you always in my prayers;<\/span><\/span>" (Romans 1:9)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

43-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>29<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And I am sure that, when I come unto you, I shall come in the fulness of the blessing of the gospel of Christ<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>" (Romans 15:29)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

44-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>12<\/span><\/span><\/sup> Furthermore, when I came to Troas to preach<\/strong> Christ's gospel<\/u><\/strong>, and a door was opened unto me of the Lord,<\/span><\/span>" (2 Corinthians 2:12)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

45-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>14<\/span><\/span><\/sup> For we stretch not ourselves beyond our measure, as though we reached not unto you: for we are come as far as to you also in preaching the gospel of Christ<\/strong>:<\/span><\/span>" (2 Corinthians 10:14)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Now, dear reader, after all these testimonies about Christ’s Gospel, what do you think? Had Christ had a Gospel, or he was talking about the Gospel according to the account of Matthew, Mark, Luke, or John, which was not yet written?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Do you, dear reader, want to believe in and follow the Gospel of Christ, or do you want to follow any of the other anonymous Gospels? If you want to follow the Gospel of Christ, peace be upon him, then you must believe in the Noble Qur’an to know through it the truth about Christ, his call, what he said to people, and what his miracles were. You should start by reading Surat Aal-Imran (No.3), then Surat Maryam (No. 19), then Surat Al-Maidah (No. 5), and may God open your heart and guide you, so that you would read the entire Noble Qur’an[53]<\/span><\/span><\/a>, the book of God Almighty, which was revealed after the Torah and the Injeel (Bible).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Chapter Fifteen<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Who wrote the Old Testament?<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Pentateuch, the five books attributed to Moses:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The church claims that the first five books of the Old Testament (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy) were written by the Prophet of God, Moses. <\/span><\/span>However,<\/span><\/span> this claim is <\/span><\/span>incorrect, because it is mentioned in those five books what belies such a claim. E<\/span><\/span>xamples of this:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>5<\/span><\/span><\/sup> So Moses<\/u><\/strong> the servant of the Lord died<\/u><\/strong> there<\/strong> in the land of Moab, according to the word of the Lord. 6<\/sup> And he buried him<\/strong> in a valley in the land of Moab, over against Bethpeor: <\/span><\/span>but<\/span><\/span> no man knoweth of his sepulchre unto this day<\/u><\/strong>. 7<\/sup> And Moses was an hundred and twenty years old when he died<\/strong>: his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated. 8<\/sup> And the children of Israel wept for Moses in the plains of Moab thirty days: so the days of weeping and mourning for Moses were ended. … 10<\/sup> And there arose not a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses<\/strong>, whom the Lord knew face to face.<\/span><\/span>" (<\/span><\/span>Deuteronomy<\/span><\/span> 34:5-8,10)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

How could Moses be the one who wrote the Book of Deuteronomy, <\/span><\/span>if<\/span><\/span> the Book of Deuteronomy talks about the death of Moses and the place of his burial<\/span><\/span>? It mentioned his death even <\/span><\/span>in<\/span><\/span> a way<\/span><\/span> that indicates<\/span><\/span> that there <\/span><\/span>wa<\/span><\/span>s a <\/span><\/span>long<\/span><\/span> time between the death of Moses and the time of writing the Book of Deuteronomy<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The phrases "<\/span><\/span>Moses died there<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span> "<\/span><\/span>no man knoweth of his sepulchre unto this day<\/span><\/span>,” "<\/span><\/span>Moses was an hundred and twenty years old when he died<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>" and<\/span><\/span> "<\/span><\/span>And there arose not a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span> are<\/span><\/span> indicating<\/span><\/span>that the writer speaks <\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>bout an event that occurred long time ago.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/sup> These be the words which Moses spake<\/strong> unto all Israel on this side Jordan in the wilderness, ... 3<\/sup> (..) Moses spake<\/strong> unto the children of Israel, according unto all that the Lord had given him in commandment unto them; ... 5<\/sup>On this side Jordan, in the land of Moab, began Moses <\/strong>to declare this law,<\/span><\/span>" (<\/span><\/span>Deuteronomy<\/span><\/span> 1:1,3,5)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3- "<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And Miriam and Aaron spake against Moses because of the Ethiopian woman whom he had married<\/strong>: for he had married<\/strong> an Ethiopian woman. 2<\/sup> And they said, Hath the Lord indeed spoken only by Moses? hath he not spoken also by us? And the Lord heard it. 3<\/sup> (Now the man Moses was very meek, above all the men which were upon the face of the earth.) 4<\/sup> And the Lord spake suddenly unto Moses, and unto Aaron, and unto Miriam, Come out ye three unto the tabernacle of the congregation. And they three came out. 5<\/sup> And the Lord came down in the pillar of the cloud, and stood in the door of the tabernacle, and called Aaron and Miriam: and they both came forth. 6<\/sup> And he said, Hear now my words: If there be a prophet among you, I the Lord will make myself known unto him in a vision, and will speak unto him in a dream. 7<\/sup> My servant Moses is not so, who is faithful in all mine house. 8<\/sup>With him will I speak mouth to mouth, even apparently, and not in dark speeches; and the similitude of the Lord shall he behold: wherefore then were ye not afraid to speak against my servant Moses? 9<\/sup> And the anger of the Lord was kindled against them; and he departed. 10<\/sup> And the cloud departed from off the tabernacle; and, behold, Miriam became leprous, white as snow: and Aaron looked upon Miriam, and, behold, she was leprous.<\/span><\/span>" (Numbers 12:1-10)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

T<\/span><\/span>he writer talk<\/span><\/span>ed<\/span><\/span> about Moses in the form of the absent, and accordingly, the writer cannot be Moses. <\/span><\/span>Therefore,<\/span><\/span>how did the <\/span><\/span>C<\/span><\/span>hurch attribute these five books to Moses without <\/span><\/span>providing <\/span><\/span>any evidence<\/span><\/span> on this?<\/span><\/span> H<\/span><\/span>ow <\/span><\/span>could<\/span><\/span> the <\/span><\/span>C<\/span><\/span>hurch say <\/span><\/span>that those<\/span><\/span> unknown books <\/span><\/span>are<\/span><\/span> a divine revelation and <\/span><\/span>sacred<\/span><\/span> book<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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The rest of the books of the Old Testament:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The same is the case with all the books of the Old Testament without exception<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> A<\/span><\/span>ll of them are books of unknown origin that <\/span><\/span>no one <\/span><\/span>know<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span> who wrote them, where they came from, or the date or place of their writing. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Dear reader, try today to choose any of the books of the Old Testament and search for the name of its writer. You will always find <\/span><\/span>that he is<\/span><\/span> unknown. How c<\/span><\/span>ould<\/span><\/span> Christians, without any evidence, attribute these books to God Almighty? <\/span><\/span>O<\/span><\/span>ne of the most severe sins is <\/span><\/span>to<\/span><\/span> attribute<\/span><\/span> words<\/span><\/span> to God <\/span><\/span>Almighty<\/span><\/span> without any evidence.<\/span><\/span> If someone attribute<\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span> to you<\/span><\/span> words that you did not say<\/span><\/span> or a book <\/span><\/span>that <\/span><\/span>you did not write, you <\/span><\/span>would<\/span><\/span> be very <\/span><\/span>mad on<\/span><\/span> him<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> and <\/span><\/span>you would <\/span><\/span>say that he is a liar<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chapter Sixteen<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Loss of the Torah (Old Testament)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Muslims Torah:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Muslims believe that God Almighty <\/span><\/span>has <\/span><\/span>sent a book called the <\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>Torah<\/span><\/span>’<\/span><\/span> to His Prophet Moses, peace be upon him, to guide the Children of Israel <\/span><\/span>to<\/span><\/span> the straight path of God and the <\/span><\/span>commandments<\/span><\/span> of <\/span><\/span>H<\/span><\/span>is righteous religion. Muslims believe that every Muslim must believe in th<\/span><\/span>at<\/span><\/span> Torah, which was revealed to the Prophet of God, Moses, peace be upon him.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Muslims also believe that th<\/span><\/span>at<\/span><\/span> Torah was lost and disappeared after the Children of Israel changed <\/span><\/span>it <\/span><\/span>and distorted it over time according to their interests and personal whims. <\/span><\/span>T<\/span><\/span>he point of disagreement between Muslims and Christians about the Torah<\/span><\/span> is<\/span><\/span>, wh<\/span><\/span>ereas<\/span><\/span> Christians call on Muslims to believe in the Bible <\/span><\/span>including<\/span><\/span> the Torah <\/span><\/span>(Old Testament)<\/span><\/span>, Muslims respond to them that how do you want us to believe in a distorted Torah <\/span><\/span>that you have it from<\/span><\/span>anonymous source<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> while you do not <\/span><\/span>want to <\/span><\/span>believe in the Torah of Moses, peace be upon him and its teachings and <\/span><\/span>commandments<\/span><\/span>?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

God Almighty says in Surat Al-Isra’ (17:2): <\/span><\/span>{And We gave Musa (Moses) the Scripture (Torah) and made it a guidance for the Children of Israel (saying): "Take not other than Me as (your) Lord and Disposer of your affairs.}<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

God Almighty says in Surat Al-Baqara (2:53): <\/span><\/span>{And (remember) when We gave Musa (Moses) the Scripture (Torah) and the criterion (of right and wrong) so that you may be guided aright.}<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

God Almighty says in Surat Al-Maidah (5:44): <\/span><\/span>{Verily, We did send down the Taurat (Torah) (to Moses), therein was guidance and light, by which the Prophets, who submitted themselves to Allah's Will, judged the Jews. And the rabbis and the priests (too judged the Jews by the Torah after those Prophets) for to them was entrusted the protection of Allah's Book, and they were witnesses thereto. Therefore fear not men but fear Me (O Jews) and sell not My Verses for a miserable price. And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed; such are the disbelievers.}<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

God Almighty says in Surat Al-Baqara (2:75): <\/span><\/span>{Do you (faithful believers) covet that they will believe in your religion in spite of the fact that a party of them (Jewish rabbis) used to hear the Word of Allah (the Torah), then they used to change it knowingly after they understood it?}<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

God Almighty says in Surat An-Nisa’ (4:46): <\/span><\/span>{Among those who are Jews, there are some who displace words from (their) right places and say: "We hear your word (O Muhammad) and disobey," and "Hear and let you (O Muhammad) hear nothing." And Ra'ina with a twist of their tongues and as a mockery of the religion (Islam). And if only they had said: "We hear and obey,” and "Do make us understand," it would have been better for them, and more proper, but Allah has cursed them for their disbelief, so they believe not except a few.}<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

God Almighty says in Surat Aal-Imran (3:77): <\/span><\/span>{Verily, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's Covenant and their oaths, they shall have no portion in the Hereafter (Paradise). Neither will Allah speak to them, nor look at them on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He purify them, and they shall have a painful torment.}<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

The importance of the Torah in Christianity and Judaism:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Christians call the Torah also "the book of the law of the Lord" or "the book of the law" or "the book of the covenant.” <\/span><\/span>Average<\/span><\/span> Christians believe that the Torah since the time of Moses, peace be upon him, ha<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span> not been altered, distorted, or lost <\/span><\/span>at<\/span><\/span> any time. The Torah is of great importance to both Christians and Jews <\/span><\/span>because <\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span>ey<\/span><\/span>belie<\/span><\/span>ve<\/span><\/span> that it is the <\/span><\/span>Holy Book<\/span><\/span> written by Moses.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"<\/span><\/span>9<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And they taught in Judah, and had the book of the law of the Lord <\/strong>with them, and went about throughout all the cities of Judah, and taught the people.<\/span><\/span>" (2 Chronicles 17:9)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"<\/span><\/span>7<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And he (Moses) took the book of the covenant<\/strong>, and read in the audience of the people: and they said, All that the Lord hath said will we do, and be obedient.<\/span><\/span>" (<\/span><\/span>Exodus 24<\/span><\/span>:7<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Old Testament confesses the loss and disappearance of the Torah:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Despite the extreme importance of the Torah, the Bible has exposed a painful fact, namely the loss of the Torah.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"<\/span><\/span>14<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And when they brought out the money that was brought into the house of the Lord, Hilkiah the priest found a book of the law of the Lord<\/u> given by Moses<\/strong>. 15<\/sup> And Hilkiah answered and said to Shaphan the scribe, I have found the book of the law<\/u><\/strong> in the house of the Lord. And Hilkiah delivered the<\/strong> book<\/strong> to Shaphan. 16<\/sup> And Shaphan carried the book<\/strong> to the king, and brought the king word back again, saying, All that was committed to thy servants, they do it. 17<\/sup> And they have gathered together the money that was found in the house of the Lord, and have delivered it into the hand of the overseers, and to the hand of the workmen. 18<\/sup> Then Shaphan the scribe told the king, saying, Hilkiah the priest hath given me a book<\/strong>. And Shaphan read it before the king. 19<\/sup> And it came to pass, when the king had heard the words of the law, that he rent his clothes<\/u><\/strong>. 20<\/sup> And the king commanded Hilkiah, and Ahikam the son of Shaphan, and Abdon the son of Micah, and Shaphan the scribe, and Asaiah a servant of the king's, saying, 21<\/sup> Go, enquire of the Lord for me, and for them that are left in Israel and in Judah, concerning the words of the book<\/strong> that is found<\/strong>: for great is the wrath of the Lord<\/u><\/strong> that is poured out upon us, because our fathers have not kept the word of the Lord, to do after all that is written in this book<\/u><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>" (<\/span><\/span>2 Chronicles <\/span><\/span>3<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span>:14-21<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As we see here, this is an explicit and clear confession that the Torah, the book of the law of the Lord, or the five books of Moses, was missing and for a long time, <\/span><\/span>that <\/span><\/span>maybe for hundreds of years. The king was significantly rejoiced for finding the Torah<\/span><\/span>;<\/span><\/span> he tore his garments out of the fear of God's wrath because their fathers did not keep the word of the Lord and did not act according to what is written in the Torah.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"<\/span><\/span>8<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And Hilkiah the high priest said unto Shaphan the scribe, I have found the book of the law<\/strong> in the house of the Lord. And Hilkiah gave the book to Shaphan, and he read it. 9<\/sup> And Shaphan the scribe came to the king, and brought the king word again, and said, Thy servants have gathered the money that was found in the house, and have delivered it into the hand of them that do the work, that have the oversight of the house of the Lord. 10<\/sup> And Shaphan the scribe shewed the king, saying, Hilkiah the priest hath delivered me a book. And Shaphan read it before the king. 11<\/sup> And it came to pass, when the king had heard the words of the book of the law, that he rent his clothes<\/strong>. 12<\/sup> And the king commanded Hilkiah the priest, and Ahikam the son of Shaphan, and Achbor the son of Michaiah, and Shaphan the scribe, and Asahiah a servant of the king's, saying, 13<\/sup> Go ye, enquire of the Lord for me, and for the people, and for all Judah, concerning the words of this book that is found<\/u><\/strong>: for<\/u><\/strong> great is the wrath of the Lord that is kindled against us<\/strong>, because<\/u> our fathers have not hearkened unto the words of this book<\/strong>, to do according unto all that which is written concerning us<\/strong>. 14<\/sup> So Hilkiah the priest, and Ahikam, and Achbor, and Shaphan, and Asahiah, went unto Huldah the prophetess<\/strong>, the wife of Shallum the son of Tikvah, the son of Harhas, keeper of the wardrobe; (now she dwelt in Jerusalem in the college;) and they communed with her. 15<\/sup> And she said unto them, Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, Tell the man that sent you to me, 16<\/sup> Thus saith the Lord, Behold, I will bring evil upon this place, and upon the inhabitants thereof<\/strong>, even all the words of the book which the king of Judah hath read: 17<\/sup> Because they have forsaken me, and have burned incense unto other gods, that they might provoke me to anger <\/strong>with all the works of their hands; therefore my wrath shall be kindled against this place, and shall not be quenched. 18<\/sup> But to the king of Judah which sent you to enquire of the Lord, thus shall ye say to him, Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, As touching the words which thou hast heard; 19<\/sup>Because thine heart was tender, and thou hast humbled thyself before the Lord, when thou heardest what I spake against this place, and against the inhabitants thereof, that they should become a desolation and a curse, and hast rent thy clothes, and wept before me; I also have heard thee, saith the Lord. 20<\/sup> Behold therefore, I will gather thee unto thy fathers, and thou shalt be gathered into thy grave in peace; and thine eyes shall not see all the evil which I will bring upon this place. And they brought the king word again.<\/span><\/span>" (2 Kings 22:8-20)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Pastor Anthony Fikry says in his interpretation of the book of Kings:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"<\/span><\/span><\/em>The Book of the Law is<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/em>the five books of Moses. There were very few copies of the law. At the time of the evil kings<\/span><\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/span><\/em> they neglected it<\/span><\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/span><\/em> and no one asked about it.<\/span><\/span><\/em> Before they discovered the Book of the Law, they were following the instructions of the rabbis."<\/span><\/span><\/em>[54]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Hilkiah the high priest:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As for Hilkiah, the high priest, it is unreasonable that he found the Torah of Moses after it had been lost for hundreds of years, but he likely invented this Torah and hid it; then he claimed that he found it so that he can bring the people back to the teachings of the religion of their fathers after people had turned towards worshipping other gods.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As for <\/span><\/span>the content <\/span><\/span>of that Torah written by Hilkiah, it is a little of the truth which was passed down to the generations orally, <\/span><\/span>mixed with a lot of falsehood<\/span><\/span>, lies, and fictitious stories.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

For this reason, many of the events that occurred during the time of the Prophet Moses and written within the Torah <\/span><\/span>that <\/span><\/span>written by Hilkiah, we find that they are mentioned in the Noble Qur’an, but with a <\/span><\/span>significant<\/span><\/span>difference in detail. God Almighty revealed the truth in <\/span><\/span>H<\/span><\/span>is book the Noble Qur’an to clarify the extent of misguidance found in the so-called Old Testament, so we know the truth <\/span><\/span>and distinguish it <\/span><\/span>from falsehood and follow the truth and the path of guidance.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

The King's admission of their parents' reckless disregard of the Torah:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The phrase, which the king said, "<\/span><\/span>for great is the wrath of the Lord that is kindled against us, because our fathers have not hearkened unto the words of this book, to do according unto all that which is written concerning us<\/span><\/span>" indicates the extent of their parents' recklessness and their deliberate failure to keep the word of the Lord. Also, it indicates the concealment and destruction of the holy books that did not conform to their interests and whims.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Where is the Torah of Moses now:<\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Many of the original teachings of the Torah are now between our hands, and we can read them. God, the Almighty, mentioned in the Noble Qur’an the truth about Moses, peace be upon him, his message, what he said to the people and commanded them, and about his miracles. Dear reader, you may start reading Surat Al-Baqara, and may God open for you the path of guidance, so that you would read the entire book of God, the Exalted, the Noble Qur’an.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chapter seventeen<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Loss of a large number of the Bible's Books<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Bible itself testifies that many of its books were lost; nevertheless, the Church still gives the character of sacredness to the Bible, claiming that it is the inspired word of God. If the Bible is incomplete, wouldn't God resend us those missing books, so that the Holy Scripture in our hands to be complete? Or send another complete book without any missing books?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1- Paul’s Epistle to Laodicea:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>15<\/span><\/span><\/sup> Salute the brethren which are in Laodicea, and Nymphas, and the church which is in his house. 16<\/sup> And when this epistle is read among you, cause that it be read also in the church of the Laodiceans; and that ye likewise read the epistle from Laodicea<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>" (Colossians 4:15-16)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2<\/span><\/span><\/strong>- The Book of Life:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And I intreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which laboured with me in the gospel<\/strong>, with Clement also, and with other my fellowlabourers, whose names are in the Book of life<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>" (<\/span><\/span>Philippians 4:3<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3- The Book of the wars of the Lord:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>14<\/span><\/span><\/sup> Wherefore it is said in the book of the wars of the Lord<\/strong>, What he did in the Red sea, and in the brooks of Arnon,<\/span><\/span>" (Numbers 21:14)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

4-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> The book of Jasher:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>13<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher<\/strong>? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.<\/span><\/span>" (Joshua 10:13)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"<\/span><\/span>17<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son: 18<\/sup> Also he bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow: behold, it is written in the book of Jasher.<\/strong> 19<\/sup> The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places: how are the mighty fallen.<\/span><\/span>" (2 Samuel 1:17-19)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

5- The book of Nathan the prophet,<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

6- The prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite,<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

7- The visions of Iddo the seer:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>29<\/span><\/span><\/sup> Now the rest of the acts of Solomon, first and last, are they not written in the book of Nathan the prophet<\/strong>, and in the prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite<\/strong>, and in the visions of Iddo the seer<\/strong>against Jeroboam the son of Nebat?<\/span><\/span>" (2 Chronicles 9:29)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

8- The book of Samuel the seer,<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

9- The book of Gad the seer:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>29<\/span><\/span><\/sup> Now the acts of David the king, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of Samuel the seer<\/strong>, and in the book of Nathan the prophet<\/strong>, and in the book of Gad the seer<\/strong>,<\/span><\/span>" (1 Chronicles 29:29)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

10- The book of Shemaiah the prophet,<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

11- The book of Iddo the seer concerning genealogies:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>15<\/span><\/span><\/sup> Now the acts of Rehoboam, first and last, are they not written in the book of Shemaiah the prophet<\/strong>, and of Iddo the seer concerning genealogies<\/strong>?<\/span><\/span>" (2 Chronicles 12:15)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

12- The story of the prophet Iddo:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>22<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And the rest of the acts of Abijah, and his ways, and his sayings, are written in the story of the prophet Iddo<\/strong>."<\/span><\/span> (2 Chronicles 13:22)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

13- The book of the acts of Solomon<\/span><\/span><\/strong>:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>41<\/span><\/span><\/sup> And the rest of the acts of Solomon, and all that he did, and his wisdom, are they not written in the book of the acts of Solomon<\/strong>?<\/span><\/span>" (1 Kings 11:41)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

14-<\/span><\/span><\/strong> The sayings of the seers:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> "<\/span><\/span>19<\/span><\/span><\/sup> His prayer also, and how God was intreated of him, and all his sins, and his trespass, and the places wherein he built high places, and set up groves and graven images, before he was humbled: behold, they are written among the sayings of the seers<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>" (2 Chronicles 33:19)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

It is worth <\/span><\/span>mentioning<\/span><\/span> that many priests admit the loss of th<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>se books, but <\/span><\/span>they <\/span><\/span>claim that <\/span><\/span>it<\/span><\/span> have been omitted from the Bible <\/span><\/span>because <\/span><\/span>it<\/span><\/span> we<\/span><\/span>re Apocrypha<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span> books<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

If their claim is <\/span><\/span>valid<\/span><\/span>, how then were the names of those books cited in other <\/span><\/span>canonical<\/span><\/span> books and <\/span><\/span>mentioned as <\/span><\/span>also canonical<\/span><\/span> books<\/span><\/span>? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

For example, in Paul's <\/span><\/span>Epistle<\/span><\/span> to the Colossians, he instructed them also to read the <\/span><\/span>Epistle<\/span><\/span> that <\/span><\/span>he sent to the<\/span><\/span>Laodiceans<\/span><\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span> Is it reasonable to say that he instructed them to read <\/span><\/span>an <\/span><\/span>Apocrypha<\/span><\/span><\/strong>l<\/span><\/span><\/strong> Epistle that he sent<\/span><\/span>?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

About the book:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Who wrote the Bible?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This book refutes the Church's claims about the four Gospels and their attribution to the disciples of Jesus, peace be upon him. <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This book discusses several points, including: <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- A quick tour in the history of the New Testament. <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- Were the scribes of the four Gospels, disciples of Jesus Christ?<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- The names of the disciples of Christ are mentioned in the four Gospels, but there is neither Luke's name nor Mark’s name among them. Who are they? <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- The author of the Gospel of John did not know Salome, the mother of John the son of Zebedee, the disciple of Jesus.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- Confessions of the Gospel of Luke. <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- There is no so-called the original Gospel of the Four Gospels. <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- Were the four Gospels inspired by the Holy Spirit? The Church’s need to claim that. <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- The four Gospels recognized the existence of the Gospel according to the narration of Jesus Christ, peace be upon him (The Muslims Gospel).<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- Dozens of anonymous gospels appeared in the second century and were used in the struggle between the beliefs of the early church fathers. <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- Irenaeus was the one who named these four Gospels (according to the account of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John).<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- Polycarp and Papias are imaginary figures of the imagination of Irenaeus that did not exist in reality.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- The ten papyri from the second century cannot be evidence.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- Dating the papyri through paleography is a deception.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- The Church admits that there are forged additions in the New Testament.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- The early church fathers were influenced by Greek philosophy, and they merged it into the Christian faith.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- The author of the Gospel of John was quoting from the Greek philosophers and Philo, the Alexandrian Jewish philosopher.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- Who wrote the Old Testament?<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- The mystery of Loss of the Torah (Old Testament).<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- The Church does not know who wrote the letter to the Hebrews, but it added it to the Bible because it liked it. <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- The disappearance and loss of many books of the Bible.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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[1]<\/span><\/a> Eusebius of Caesarea, 260-339.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[2]<\/span><\/a> Church History, Chapter VIII, Irenaeus's Remarks on the Divine Books, Eusebius of Caesarea.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[3]<\/span><\/a> Saint Polycarp Bishop of Smyrna, 70-166.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[4]<\/span><\/a> 155-240.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[5]<\/span><\/a> Church History of Eusebius, chapter xxxix, the writings of Papias. Aeterna Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[6]<\/span><\/a> Church History of Eusebius, chapter xxxix, the writings of Papias. Aeterna Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[7]<\/span><\/a> Millennialism, The Millennial Kingdom.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[8]<\/span><\/a> St. Justin Martyr, (Latin: Iustinus Martyr), 100-165.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[9]<\/span><\/a> Origen of Alexandria (c. 184 – c. 253).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[10]<\/span><\/a> Saint Dionysius of Alexandria.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[11]<\/span><\/a> Basil of Caesarea (c. 330 - c. 379).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[12]<\/span><\/a> Gregory of Nyssa (c. 335 – c. 395).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[13]<\/span><\/a> St. Augustine of Hippo (c. 354 – c. 430.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[14]<\/span><\/a> Canonicity describes the standard that books had to meet to be recognized as scripture.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[15]<\/span><\/a> John 21:20 & John 21:24.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[16]<\/span><\/a> Chapter xxiii, Narrative concerning John the Apostle.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[17]<\/span><\/a> Instituts für Neutestamentliche Textforschung (INTF).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[18]<\/span><\/a> https:\/\/st-takla.org\/Full-Free-Coptic-Books\/FreeCopticBooks-002-Holy-Arabic-Bible-Dictionary\/07_KH\/NT-manuscripts.html<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[19]<\/span><\/a> Desiderius Erasmus.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[20]<\/span><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rhM5lbVBgkk<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[21]<\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Ellingworth, Paul (1993). The New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Epistle to the Hebrews. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eardmans Publishing Co. p. 3.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[22]<\/span><\/a> At that time it was not called the ‘Old Testament’ because the term ‘New Testament’ did not appear yet; for this reason, the Old Testament then was called the ‘Holy Book’ or ‘The Law and the Prophets.’<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[23]<\/span><\/a> Not to eat pork or other foods forbidden to the Jews.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[24]<\/span><\/a> The Bible: A Biography, Chapter 3 ‘Gospel,’ pages 55-57, Karen Armstrong.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[25]<\/span><\/a> The Bible: A Biography, Chapter 3 ‘Gospel,’ pages 60-61, Karen Armstrong.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[26]<\/span><\/a> By Jesuit Fathers: Augustin Rodet, Philippe Cuche, Joseph Roze and Joseph van Ham.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[27]<\/span><\/a> http:\/\/www.coptology.com\/Bible\/downloads\/Jesuit_Arabic_Bible.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[28]<\/span><\/a> King James Version (KJV).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[29]<\/span><\/a> Coptic researcher and teacher in the Theological faculties and Bible institutes in Egypt.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[30]<\/span><\/a> ‘Biblical Criticism, Schools of Criticism and Skepticism and Answering them (New Testament - Part One – Chapter Three)’ Helmy El-Kommos Yaacoub, available in Arabic version only:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a: \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f – \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644)"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[31]<\/span><\/a> https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/biblical-literature\/New-Testament-canon-texts-and-versions<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[32]<\/span><\/a> Coptic researcher and teacher in the Theological faculties and Bible institutes in Egypt.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[33]<\/span><\/a> ‘Biblical Criticism, Schools of Criticism and Skepticism and Answering them (New Testament - Part One – Chapter Three)’ Helmy El-Kommos Yaacoub, available in Arabic version only:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a: \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f – \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644)"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[34]<\/span><\/a> “On the Embassy to Gaius,” by Philo of Alexandria, Taylor Anderson.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[35]<\/span><\/a> “Judaism: History, Belief, and Practice,” by Matt Stefon, Hellenistic Judaism page 39.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[36]<\/span><\/a> St. Justin Martyr, (Latin: Iustinus Martyr), 100-165.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[37]<\/span><\/a> I.e., St. Justin Martyr.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[38]<\/span><\/a> Saint Pantaenus the Philosopher.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[39]<\/span><\/a> (c. 184 – c. 253).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[40]<\/span><\/a> Although the word "Trinity" neither mentioned by Jesus nor by any of his disciples, nor mentioned in any Gospel.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[41]<\/span><\/a> https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/gospel-of-john-what-everyone-knows-about-the-fourth-gospel_b_3422026?guccounter=1<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[42]<\/span><\/a> Melito of Sardis (died c. 180).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[43]<\/span><\/a> Hippolytus of Rome (c. 170 – c. 235).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[44]<\/span><\/a> Ambrose (c. 340 – c. 397).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[45]<\/span><\/a> Nepos ( http:\/\/www.biblicalcyclopedia.com\/N\/nepos.html<\/a> )<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[46]<\/span><\/a> http:\/\/www.bc.edu\/schools\/stm\/crossroads\/resources\/birthofjesus\/intro\/the_dating_of_thegospels.html<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[47]<\/span><\/a> https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/john-shelby-spong\/gospel-of-john-what-everyone-knows-about-the-fourth-gospel_b_3422026.html<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[48]<\/span><\/a> Writer in the Los Angeles Times.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[49]<\/span><\/a> ‘The Harlot By The Side Of The Road: Forbidden Tales of the Bible,’ The Translator as Censor, by Jonathan Kirsch.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[50]<\/span><\/a> https:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/resources\/all-women-bible\/Salome-No-2<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[51]<\/span><\/a> https:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=Song%20of%20Songs+1&version=ISV<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[52]<\/span><\/a> https:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=Song%20of%20Songs+1&version=KJV<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[53]<\/span><\/a> https:\/\/www.noblequran.com\/translation\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

[54]<\/span><\/a> The interpretation of the Old Testament from the Bible, chapter: The interpretation of the book of Kings, by Anthony Fekry.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","word":"\/uploads\/books\/word\/2020\/2\/who-wrote-the-bible-enga5-1.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/books\/pdf\/2020\/2\/who-wrote-the-bible-enga5-1.pdf","keywords":"Who Wrote the Bible?","read_counter":65028,"status":1,"is_volume":0,"created_at":"2020-02-17T12:42:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-03-09T05:46:07.000000Z","language_id":1,"publisher_id":8,"category_id":7,"volume_id":null,"parent_id":null,"promote":1,"volume_count":null,"volume_title":null,"order":1,"category":{"id":7,"title":"Comparative Religions","created_at":"2017-08-17T19:18:15.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-02-12T22:26:09.000000Z","slug":"Comparative-Religions","i18ns":[],"get_title":"Comparative Religions"},"authors":[{"id":3,"name":"Ahmed Al-Amir","slug":"ahmed_al_amir","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":null,"promote":1,"status":1,"created_at":"2013-12-02T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-01-04T22:45:01.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"pivot":{"book_id":19640,"author_id":3},"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"Ahmed Al-Amir"}],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/books\/images\/2020\/2\/who-wrote-the-bible-2.jpeg","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/books\/pdf\/2020\/2\/who-wrote-the-bible-enga5-1.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/books\/word\/2020\/2\/who-wrote-the-bible-enga5-1.docx","author_id":"","author_name":"Ahmed Al-Amir","book_title":"Who Wrote the Bible?","category_slug":"Comparative-Religions","category_name":"Comparative Religions"},{"id":19689,"title":"Did Jesus have two spirits and two minds: one divine and one human?","slug":"did-jesus-have-two-spirits-and-two-minds-one-divine-and-one-human","image":"\/uploads\/books\/images\/2025\/3\/did-jesus-have-two-spirits-and-two-minds-eng.png","hint":"

Did Jesus have two spirits and two minds: one divine and one human?<\/p>","arabic_notes":null,"book_text":"

Did Jesus have two spirits and two minds: one divine and one human?<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Ahmed Al-Amir<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Translated by<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

European Islamic Research Center (EIRC)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

ISLAMLAND.COM<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Foreword by Dr. Abd Ar-Rahman Al-Sheha<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Since the dawn of creation, human beings have existed to worship Allah, who created them from a single soul, Adam, and from him, He created his mate, Eve. From them, He spread many men and women across the earth. However, they would not be able to worship Him in the proper manner except through His messengers, whom He sends to guide people to the correct way of worshiping Him.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

All of these messengers, from Adam (peace and blessings be upon him) to the final messenger, Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), were human beings with the same core belief: calling people to worship Allah alone without associating any partners with Him. This belief serves as the distinguishing factor between a believer and a disbeliever.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The previous divine scriptures were subjected to alteration and distortion because Allah did not guarantee their preservation, as they were revealed for specific nations at specific times. The Torah, which was revealed to Moses (peace and blessings be upon him) for the Children of Israel, was later corrupted due to various influences that led them astray from the teachings of Moses [See 2 Kings 22:8<\/em>, where it is claimed that the Torah was found after being lost for centuries]. So Allah, Glorified and Exalted be He, sent Jesus (peace and blessings be upon him) and revealed the Injeel to him to complete the law of Moses, to rectify what people had corrupted, and to bring them back to the right path.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

However, people exaggerated in their reverence for Jesus (peace be upon him), elevating him to the status of a god or the son of God, due to the miraculous nature of his birth, -being born of a mother without a father-, and his ability to speak in infancy. Yet, Adam (peace be upon him) was created without a father or a mother, and he was never considered a god or the son of God. It was simply the command of Allah, who, whenever He wills something, says to it, "Be," and it is:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

{Indeed, the example of Jesus in the sight of Allah is like that of Adam. He created him from dust, then He said to him, ‘Be,’ and he was.}<\/em> (Aal-Imran 3:59)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Likewise, the miracles that Allah performed through Jesus, such as raising the dead, healing the sick, creating birds from clay, foretelling hidden matters, and bringing down a table from the heavens, were all carried out by Allah’s permission and will -not by the independent power of Jesus himself-. These miracles were meant to affirm his mission and validate his message.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Such miracles were not exclusive to Jesus (peace be upon him). Other prophets before him were also granted extraordinary miracles. By the permission of Allah, Ezekiel raised a vast army of the dead (Ezekiel 37:1-9<\/em>). Likewise, Elijah revived a dead boy (1 Kings 17:21<\/em>), and another prophet, Elisha, also raised the dead (2 Kings 4:32<\/em>) and miraculously fed a hundred men with just twenty loaves of barley bread (2 Kings 4:42<\/em>). Even after his death, Elisha’s body brought a dead man back to life by the permission of Allah (2 Kings 13:20<\/em>). Abraham (peace be upon him) was thrown into fire, yet it did not burn him, and through him, Allah brought the dead back to life [Quran <\/em>2:260<\/em>]. David (peace be upon him) was granted the ability to soften iron and shape it as he wished, and Allah made the mountains and birds glorify Him alongside David. Solomon (peace be upon him) was given control over jinn and devils, the ability to speak with birds and animals, and command over the winds.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In contrast, the message of Islam was divinely preserved, without any distortion or alteration, because Allah promised to protect it as a universal message for all of humanity until the end of time. Islam upholds the true belief that is in harmony with reason and logic. It has placed Jesus (peace be upon him) in his rightful status as a noble prophet of Allah. The Islamic creed concerning Allah is clearly stated in the Quran:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

{Say, He is Allah, the One. (1) Allah, the Self-Sufficient (and the Eternal Refuge). (2) He neither begets nor is He begotten. (3) And there is none comparable to Him. (4)"<\/em> (Al-Ikhlas 112:1-4)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This belief affirms that Jesus (peace be upon him) was a human being and a messenger:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

{The Messiah (Jesus), the son of Mary, was nothing more than a Messenger; many Messengers had passed before him. His mother, Mary, was a truthful woman who had unwavering faith. Both of them ate food (i.e., they were humans and not gods, while Allah does not eat). See how We make Our verses (and signs) clear to them; yet, look at how they turn away (from the truth)!} <\/em>(Al-Ma'idah 5:75)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Jesus (peace be upon him) was a servant of Allah whom Allah honored with prophethood:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

{(Mention, O Muhammad) when Allah will say (on the Day of Judgment): 'O Jesus, son of Mary! Remember My favor upon you and upon your mother: how I supported you with the holy spirit (the angel Gabriel) so that you spoke to the people from the cradle (defending your mother against the Jews who accused her of immorality) and later when you became an adult (beginning your mission of calling them to the religion of Allah); how I taught you writing, wisdom (understanding of religion), the Torah, and the Injil (the original Gospel of Jesus); how you fashioned from clay the form of a bird, by My permission, and then you breathed into it, and it became a bird, by My permission; how you healed those born blind and the lepers, by My permission; how you brought the dead back to life, by My permission; how I restrained the Children of Israel from harming you (when they planned to kill you) after you came to them with clear proofs. Yet, the disbelievers among them said: ‘This is nothing but clear magic.’} <\/em>(Al-Ma'idah 5:110)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Islam also honors Mary (peace be upon her), considering her one of the best women on earth:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

{And (mention, O Muhammad) when the angels said: 'O Mary! Indeed, Allah has chosen you (for your devotion in worship and your noble character), purified you (from any bad traits), and chosen you above all the women of the world (of your time).'}<\/em> (Aal-Imran 3:42)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

She was pure and free from sin:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

{And (Allah also presents as a good example for the believers) Mary (the mother of Jesus), the daughter of Imran, who guarded her chastity. So We commanded Our angel (Gabriel) to breathe into a slit in her garment, (and thus she conceived Jesus). She believed in the Words of her Lord and His Books and was among the devoutly obedient.}<\/em> (At-Tahrim 66:12)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Islam also teaches that sin and accountability are individual responsibilities:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

{Whoever is guided, their guidance is only for their own benefit, and whoever goes astray, their misguidance is only against them. No (sinful) soul will bear the burden of another. And We never punish until We have sent a Messenger (to give warning first).}<\/em> (Al-Isra 17:15)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Furthermore, Islam emphasizes that no matter how much a person sins, they can always repent:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

{Say (O Muhammad, that Allah says): 'O My servants (of Allah) who have transgressed against themselves through excessive sins! Do not despair of the mercy of Allah (thinking that He will not forgive you), for indeed, Allah forgives all sins (for those who turn to Him in repentance). Indeed, He is Al-Ghafur (the All-Forgiving), Ar-Rahim (the Most Merciful).'}<\/em> (Az-Zumar 39:53)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Islam establishes a direct relationship between Allah and His servants without the need for intermediaries:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

{And when My servants ask you (O Muhammad) about Me, indeed I am near. I respond to the supplication of the caller when he calls upon Me (without any intermediary). So let them obey Me and believe in Me, so that they may be rightly guided.}<\/em> (Al-Baqarah 2:186)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The goal of this book is to promote goodwill towards people and encourage them to cooperate in righteousness and piety. It also aims to serve as a means of saving many who have gone astray by adopting a false belief that is neither supported by sound logic nor reason. Such a belief leads to undesirable consequences, for indeed, Allah does not forgive associating partners with Him, but He forgives anything less than that for whomever He wills.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The author has excellently conveyed the truth that is hidden from many adherents of Christianity in an engaging style, relying on rational evidence, logical arguments, and textual proofs from the Bible to demonstrate the human nature of Jesus (peace be upon him).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

I believe that any enlightened person, free from religious fanaticism and political biases, upon reading this book, will recognize the falsehood of considering Jesus (peace be upon him) as a god or the son of God. They will come to realize the true nature of Jesus as a human being, a servant of Allah, and a prophet sent to convey Allah’s message.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

My sincere prayers are that every reader of this book is guided to know the truth, accept it, and call others to it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

And our final supplication is that all praise is due to Allah, the Lord of all worlds.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Dr. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Abd Al-Karim Al-Sheha<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Author’s Introduction<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Praise be to Allah, who sent Muhammad as a bearer of glad tidings and a warner, a caller to Allah by His permission and an illuminating lamp, and who favored his companions and granted them great merit. May Allah send abundant and continuous peace and blessings upon Muhammad, his family, and his companions.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

A Message of Love for Jesus (Peace Be Upon Him):<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The love of Jesus (peace and blessings be upon him) is deeply rooted in the heart of every Muslim and Christian. Each of them is willing to sacrifice their life and wealth for him. If Jesus were to appear today, all sincere Muslims and Christians would follow him and stand behind him. In fact, if Jesus were to appear now, he would follow the teachings of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), as the Prophet Muhammad (\ufdfa<\/span>) said: "If Moses were alive, he would have had no choice but to follow me."<\/span><\/strong> (Authenticated by Al-Albani).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Thus, we all wish to follow the true religion, creed, and teachings of Jesus (\ufdfa<\/span>) so that we may be true and sincere followers. However, those who lie about Jesus (\ufdfa<\/span>) are the ones who attribute to him a religion, beliefs, and teachings that he neither preached nor knew of.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

I have studied the creed of Jesus (\ufdfa<\/span>), his teachings, and the history of the Church, and I found a fundamental difference between the doctrine of Jesus (\ufdfa<\/span>) and the doctrine currently taught by the Church. Initially, this difference was small, but over time, it grew and led to major theological problems. The Church attempted to resolve these issues by inventing new ideas, but these ideas only deepened the differences further. The situation reached a point where the Church resorted to inventing an astonishing and strange idea, one that neither Jesus nor his disciples nor Paul nor anyone in their time had ever imagined!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

This idea is the most dangerous secret that most Christians are unaware of regarding the doctrine of today's churches, that:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“Jesus had two spirits: one divine and one human, two minds: one divine and one human, and two wills: one divine and one human!”<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In this book, with Allah’s permission, we will discuss this concept in detail, exploring how it became the fundamental and official doctrine upon which the faith of all modern churches is based, despite its severe contradictions with the beliefs of Jesus, the early Church fathers, the Christian Bibles, and all human logic!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

We will go back to the time of Jesus (\ufdfa<\/span>) to highlight the doctrine he explicitly declared, which his disciples believed in, and which all his true followers adhered to. This doctrine is clearly mentioned in the Christian Bibles.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Furthermore, we will examine the intense theological conflict between Jesus’ disciples and Paul the Apostle, and how the Christian world later split into two schools: the school of Jesus and his disciples <\/span>and the school of Paul and his followers<\/span>. We will analyze how today’s Christian world follows Paul’s school rather than that of Jesus, and how that school evolved over time, changing doctrines and teachings until it established a completely different religion from that of Jesus (\ufdfa<\/span>). This shift became especially pronounced when churches abandoned their original doctrine and the beliefs of the early Church Fathers, and, under political pressure from a pagan emperor, they adopted the creed of a young Egyptian man in his twenties who, at that time, was not even a priest!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Ahmed Al-Amir<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chapter One<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Did Jesus Have Two Spirits and Two Minds?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Christians' Perception of Jesus:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Christian perception of Jesus has been a subject of intense debate among churches and clergy since the first century and continues to be so today. Each group has its own understanding of who Jesus was. Generally, Christians are divided into three main beliefs regarding Jesus:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1. Some believe that Jesus is the Son of God because he was born without a father. However, they do not consider him to be God Himself but rather a sacred human being connected to heaven. Nevertheless, they also see him as divine because "the Son of God must be a divine." According to this belief, God sent Jesus to be crucified and to die in order to redeem humanity from original sin.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2. Others believe that Jesus is truly the Son of God, similar to the ancient Greek gods who married and had children.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3. Another group follows the official doctrine of the Church, which teaches that Jesus is God Himself, who took human form so that people could see Him.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

A Brief Overview of the Doctrine of the Trinity:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The current churches believe that God [Glorified and exalted is He beyond such attributions] has existed eternally as three Persons or Hypostases:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \r\n\t
  1. The Hypostasis of the Essence (meaning the very being of God).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  2. The Hypostasis of the Word or the Mind (meaning God's Rational Word or His Speaking Intellect).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  3. The Hypostasis of the Spirit (meaning the Spirit of God).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n

    The Church explains these terms by saying that God has an «Essence», a «Word (Mind)», and a «Spirit». However, these are not parts or components of God. This doctrine states that the Hypostasis of the Essence has its own Mind and Spirit, the Hypostasis of the Word has its own Essence and Spirit, and the Hypostasis of the Spirit has its own Essence and Mind! Thus, each of them is an independent God, yet all of them are still one God [Glorified and exalted is God beyond such attributions].<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    According to the Church, after the birth of Jesus, these terms were modified:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    1. The Hypostasis of the Essence became the Father.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    2. The Hypostasis of the Word became the Son.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    3. The Hypostasis of the Spirit remained as the Holy Spirit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Before the birth of Jesus, the Church teaches that there was no Father or Son -these roles only emerged after Jesus’ birth!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Purpose of Jesus’ Incarnation:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Church believes that the Hypostasis of the Essence (God) wanted to atone for Adam's sin, which occurred when he ate from the forbidden tree in paradise. To forgive this sin, blood had to be shed, and someone had to be crucified! Since this sin was passed down to all of Adam’s descendants, it became an infinite sin, meaning that a finite person (a human) could not atone for it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Thus, the one to be crucified had to be an infinite being (i.e., God Himself, -may He be glorified beyond such beliefs-). Therefore, the Hypostasis of the Essence sent the Hypostasis of the Word (the Mind of God) to incarnate in a human form, be crucified, and die on the cross.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Indwelling of the "Word of God" in Mary’s Womb and Its Incarnation in Jesus:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Church teaches that the Hypostasis of the Word descended and dwelt in the womb of Mary, taking some blood from her womb to form a human body for itself so that it could appear in human form and be crucified for the atonement of original sin.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    However, a serious issue arose: According to the Bible, Jesus was a human being who exhibited human traits such as weakness, lacking knowledge, and suffering. Ultimately, he was crucified and died. Before his death, he even cried out loudly:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "My God, my God, why have You forsaken me?"<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    How could he be God if he died, lacked knowledge, and needed help?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    To resolve this contradiction, the Church introduced another doctrine, claiming that when the Hypostasis of the Word descended into Mary's womb and took blood from her to form a human body, it also acquired a human soul with its own mind, consciousness, and will.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    But if Jesus had both a separate divine spirit and a distinct human spirit, wouldn’t that mean there were actually two distinct persons within him -one divine and one human?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Church rejects this notion and insists that Jesus was one person with two spirits, two minds, two wills, and two abilities!<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This belief, however, led to several theological contradictions. Before discussing them, we will first define some key concepts that will help clarify the topic.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    1. Definition of Indwelling:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Indwelling refers to the process where a spirit that has no body enters another person's body<\/span> (which already has its own spirit and body) without merging or uniting with it. Instead, it remains separate but takes control over the host’s body and soul.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    An example of this is found in the Gospel of Matthew (Chapter 8, verses 28-32), where evil spirits (demons) entered two men, and Jesus later expelled them, causing them to enter a herd of pigs instead:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "28<\/sup> When Jesus arrived … two demon-possessed men met him as they were coming out of the tombs ... 29<\/sup> They (the demons) screamed: “What do you want with us, Son of God?” … 32<\/sup> He told them: “Go,” and they came out and went into the pigs. Suddenly, the whole herd rushed down a steep slope into the sea and drowned in the water."<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Another example is the indwelling of the Holy Spirit as mentioned in Acts of the Apostles (Chapter 2, verses 3-4):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "3<\/sup> They saw what seemed to be tongues of fire that separated and came to rest on each of them. 4<\/sup> All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit."<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Thus, the Church teaches that “God, the Word” (the second Hypostasis) descended into Mary’s womb and took some blood from her womb to form a human body. However, it did not unite or merge with Mary’s body or soul. If it had merged with her, Mary herself would have become a fourth Hypostasis of God, “the Hypostasis of the Mother” [Glorified and exalted is God beyond such attributions].<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    2. Definition of Incarnation:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Incarnation refers to a spirit that has no body and is invisible taking on physical body of its own <\/span>so that it can be seen by human eyes. In this case, the spirit possesses and fully owns this body.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    For example, if an evil spirit were to incarnate in the form of a sheep, this does not mean that it has indwelled within an existing sheep that already has its own body and spirit. Rather, it means that the evil spirit has taken on a sheep-like body of its own -where the spirit is truly its own, and the body that appears in the form of a sheep is also its own (belonging to it).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This concept is supported by the Second Epistle to the Corinthians (11:14):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "And no wonder! For Satan himself masquerades as an angel of light." <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    (This means he appears in the form of an angel with a body of light, not that he has indwelled in an already-existing angel.)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Similarly, in Revelation (20:2):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "He seized the dragon, that ancient serpent, who is the Devil or Satan, and bound him for a thousand years."<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    3. Definition of Union and Fusion:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Union and fusion occur when two independent and separate entities merge so completely that they dissolve into each other, making it impossible to separate them.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    For example when a drop of vinegar dissolves in water, it becomes indistinguishable from the water itself. When two companies merge completely, they form a single larger company, losing their previous independent identities.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    4. Definition of Union and Companionship:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This type of union refers to two independent and separate entities coming together and accompanying each other as a unified pair, yet each retains its own separate identity and nature.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Unlike fusion, this kind of union does not involve blending, mixing, or dissolving, nor does it alter the nature of either entity.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    For example: Two companies may form a partnership under a larger entity while maintaining their own independence and identity.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Relationship Between the "Hypostasis of the Word" and Christ in Light of the Previous Definitions:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    1. Indwelling:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Church rejects the idea of indwelling, the notion that the "Hypostasis of the Word" indwelled within an already existing man named Jesus, because Jesus had not yet been born when the "Hypostasis of the Word" entered Mary's womb. According to the Church, the "Hypostasis of the Word" is Christ himself. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Therefore, the relationship was not one of indwelling.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    2. Incarnation:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Church rejects the idea of incarnation, the notion that the Spirit of God (the Hypostasis of the Word) took on a human body that had no spirit of its own, merely to appear in it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Church believes that Christ had two spirits, one divine and one human, inside his physical body.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Thus, the relationship was not one of incarnation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    3. Union and Fusion:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Church rejects the idea of union and fusion, the notion that “Christ’s human spirit” merged and fused with the Divine spirit of the "Hypostasis of the Word" in such a way that they became a single spirit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    It also rejects the idea that “Christ’s human will” was absorbed into “the Divine will”, forming a single unified will.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Instead, the Church teaches that Christ had two distinct spirits, two separate wills, and two independent minds, all within a single human body.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Therefore, the relationship was not one of fusion or complete union.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    4. Union and Companionship:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Church rejects the idea that Christ was actually two independent persons who united and accompanied each other inside his physical body: one person being "God the Word" and the other being "Jesus the human being".<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This belief of union and companionship would imply indwelling, which contradicts the doctrine of atonement and crucifixion.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    If Christ were two distinct persons, it would mean that the one who was crucified was merely the limited human rather than the infinite God, -an idea the Church considers unacceptable.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Therefore, the relationship was not one of union and companionship.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Chapter Two<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Church’s Doctrine on the Nature of Christ and the Relationship Between His Humanity and Divinity<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    If the relationship between the divinity and humanity of Christ was neither indwelling, nor incarnation, nor fusion, nor companionship, then what was it?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Church’s Doctrine on the Nature of Christ, Born of the Virgin:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "He is the Hypostasis of 'God the Word' united with a human body and a human soul. He indwelled in the Virgin’s womb and took blood from her womb to create for himself a body in which he could appear to us, be crucified, and die. However, he also created for himself a human soul. Thus, the divine spirit united with the human spirit and the human body, making Christ possess two complete natures: one fully divine and one fully human. This union occurred without fusion or mixture (each remained distinct and independent without blending), without alteration (the divine nature did not change the human nature in any way, nor vice versa), and without separation (the divine did not separate from the human for even a moment, from the moment this human was created, through the crucifixion and death. He remained united with him on the cross, remained united with the soul after it left the body, and remained united with the body after the soul departed). Therefore, he is fully God and fully human at the same time. He is not two persons but one person with two spirits, two natures, two minds, two intellects, two abilities, and two wills: one divine and one human."<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Thus, the one who experienced human weakness, such as eating, dying, and lacking knowledge, is "Christ the human", whereas the one who performed miracles is "Christ the God."<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Church provides an analogy for the union of the two natures, -divine and human-, within Christ, likening it to the union of iron and fire. When iron is heated by fire, the fire unites with the iron without the fire turning into iron or the iron turning into fire. Striking the iron does not affect the fire nor reach it. Similarly, the crucifixion and death affected the human nature but did not reach the divine nature, despite their union.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Statements by Church Fathers on the Union of Christ’s Natures:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Saint Athanasius the Apostolic[1]<\/a>:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "The Word of God came in his own person."<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Saint Cyril the Great[2]<\/a>:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "God the Word did not assume a human person but took upon himself a complete human nature, a body with a rational soul, and made this human nature entirely his own, bringing it into a natural union with his divinity."<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Saint Cyril the Great also said:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "He (Christ) is considered one, composed of two. He is one Son in whom the divine and human natures have been gathered and united in an indescribable and unfathomable manner, forming a single entity. For this reason, he is also considered the mediator between God and humanity, as he has brought together and united within himself two things that were once very distant from each other, separated by a vast gulf, -namely, divinity and humanity. He has united them in himself, thereby connecting us to God the Father through himself."<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Saint Cyril the Great further stated:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "The Logos (God the Word) cannot be called Christ on its own; likewise, Christ should not be described merely as a 'God-bearer,' as this would imply that God the Word simply used human nature as a mere instrument. Instead, we must affirm that 'God truly became man'."<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Refuting This Doctrine:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This doctrine is irrational and contradicts logic for the following reasons:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    1. Union must either be fusion or companionship:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This doctrine simultaneously affirms and denies the union of the two natures. Union must necessarily fall under one of two categories:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    1. Union and fusion<\/span><\/strong> of the two natures:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This would mean that Christ either had only a divine nature or only a human nature, as the two would have merged into one.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    2. Union and companionship:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This would mean that there were actually two persons living within Christ’s body: one divine and one human.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    However, this contradicts the doctrine of crucifixion and salvation, because it implies that the one who was crucified and died was merely the human Jesus, while the divine did not die.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Since God cannot die, this means that the act of redemption was never fulfilled, making Christ’s coming pointless!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    2. The role of the soul is to give life to the body:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    According to Christian belief, God is a spirit. If God incarnated [Glorified and exalted is He beyond such attributions], He would not need a human soul to give life to the body He took on! So how can it be claimed that Christ had two souls, one divine (God’s spirit) and another human?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    3. The role of the mind is free will, reasoning, and choice:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Church teaches that “God the Word” is the “rational Word of God” or the “speaking intellect of God”.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    If that were true, then the mind within Christ’s body should have been the mind of God rather than a human mind, as God does not need a human intellect.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Church claims that 'Christ had two wills, but they did not conflict because his human will submitted to his divine will.' As evidence, the Church cites the following verse:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Matthew 26:39:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "Going a little farther, Jesus <\/span><\/strong>fell with his face to the ground <\/span><\/strong>and <\/span><\/strong>prayed<\/span><\/strong>, 'My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass from me. <\/span><\/strong>Yet not as I will, but as You will<\/span><\/strong>.'"<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    However, this verse actually proves that Christ had only one will, and that it was human.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    If he had two wills: one belonging to “God the Word” and another human, then why did he pray to “God the Father” instead of referring to “God the Word” within him?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This shows that the divine will was in heaven, not on earth.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Similarly, in John 5:30, Jesus says:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "<\/span><\/strong>I can do nothing <\/span><\/strong>on my own accord. I judge according to what I hear, and my judgment is just, because <\/span><\/strong>I do not seek my own will but the will of the one who sent me<\/span><\/strong>."<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Here, he clearly refers to the will of “God the Father”, not the will of “God the Word”!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Moreover, the notion of two wills existing within the same person is nothing more than philosophical speculation without any real foundation. It is mere wordplay and a contradiction in terms. Even if we assume that Jesus' human will was entirely subordinate to the divine will, what purpose would it serve if it had no function whatsoever?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    4. The analogy of iron and fire is a flawed comparison:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This analogy is merely philosophical rhetoric and wordplay, making it unfit to be included in religious texts or used as evidence. Fire does not unite with iron, once the iron cools, the heat disappears. Similarly, fever does not merge with the mind when it causes a high temperature, nor does illness become one with the body. Countless other examples can illustrate this point.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    There is a significant difference between saying that the two natures united and became one person and saying that fire indwelled in iron, affecting it by heating it, without them becoming one entity, -or fire turning into iron, or taking the form of iron. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    However, the Church claims that Christ is "God the Word incarnate" or "God-man," which implies an eternal and inseparable union, where the two natures became one person.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    As for the argument that the crucifixion and death affected only the human nature, not the divine, this actually proves that the entire doctrine is a staged fabrication.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    For example: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Suppose a man named Mark needs surgery, but instead, he unites with another man named Luke and tells him to undergo the operation in his place. Mark remains “united” with Luke by holding his hand while Luke is in surgery. The operation is performed on Luke, but they insist on claiming that Mark is the one who underwent the surgery!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Likewise, the doctrine of crucifixion and redemption is based on the idea that the one who was crucified must be infinite, -that is, God Himself [Glorified and exalted is God beyond such attributions]. Yet, the Church says that the one who was crucified was the human nature, not the divine! The Church provides an analogy stating that just as a hammer striking iron does not affect the fire within it, so too, crucifixion and death did not affect the divine nature at all!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    5. The phrase “having two natures: one divine and one human” is a misleading expression:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The word "nature" has only three possible meanings:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    1. "Nature" as a characteristic or trait:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    For example, we say that a person has both a good nature and an evil nature, sometimes he behaves kindly, other times cruelly, but he remains the same person.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    If Christ had two natures, then this would mean that he was one person, but sometimes God and sometimes a human, which the Church rejects because they believe he was fully God and fully human at all times.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    2. "Nature" as a person:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This would mean that inside Christ were two persons, one divine and one human. However, this contradicts the Church’s belief that Christ is one person.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    3. "Nature" as an essence or substance:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This implies that Christ possesses two essences: one divine and one human. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    However, by doing so, the Church has essentially created a new god with its own hands, because essence refers to the very being or nature of something, its reality, identity, origin, substance, and fundamental components.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    How can a divine essence be merged with a human essence?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    How can a divine essence be united with earthly dust, which is the essence of human beings?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    6. The statements of Cyril the Great and Athanasius the Apostolic are merely philosophical ideas without any religious foundation:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Both of them lived in the 4th and 5th centuries and were part of the Alexandrian School, which leaned heavily toward Platonic philosophy and allegorical interpretation of doctrines. The scholars of Alexandria were primarily concerned with Christ’s divinity rather than his humanity.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Their statements have no foundation in the Bible, Christ’s teachings, or the teachings of his disciples, -or even the teachings of Paul!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Thus, their statements are mere philosophical ideas that cannot serve as the foundation of a religious belief.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Moreover, their views contradict the teachings of earlier, more knowledgeable Church fathers, as well as those of other theological schools, such as the Antiochian School.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Antiochian School focused on concrete, tangible realities and relied on literal interpretation of Scripture rather than symbolic interpretations. It also based its teachings on historical facts, rational analysis, and the writings of early Church fathers.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Chapter Three<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    At Christ’s death, which spirit departed: his divine spirit or his human spirit?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Reason for Claiming That Christ Had Two Spirits:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    According to Christian doctrine, Christ was crucified, died, and his spirit left his body. This raises a fundamental question: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    How can God die?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    God is eternal and does not die, so Christ’s death invalidates his divinity, which in turn would undermine the doctrine of sin and atonement.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Moreover, Christ’s death means that his lifeless body became worthless, as it became a just body without a spirit. But how could the body of God be worthless?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Since "God the Word" took on a human body, it means that this body became divine because God had incarnated in it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Furthermore, since Christ’s spirit returned to that body at his resurrection -as the Church claims-, this means that it is undoubtedly a sacred body, one that could not have been devoid of a spirit, not even for a single moment!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Thus, a completely new idea was invented, -one that no one had ever thought of before-, which is that Christ’s body contained two spirits, one divine and one human, which were united with his human body and never separated from it, not even for a single moment—not on the cross, not at death, and not even after death!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Did the divine spirit also depart from Christ’s lifeless body?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    1. The claim that the divine spirit remained united with the human spirit after leaving Christ’s Body raises a crucial question:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    How can two spirits remain united after they have left Christ’s body?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Imagine seeing two spirits united, would this not imply the existence of two distinct persons rather than one?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    For instance, if Christ’s divine spirit spoke about his body, it would say, "This is my body."<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    But if it were to speak about Christ’s human spirit, could it really say, "This is my spirit" or "This is my human spirit"?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Would it make any sense to claim that God [Glorified and exalted is He beyond such attributions] has another spirit, which is a human spirit?!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    2. The claim that the divine spirit remained united with Christ’s lifeless human body after the human spirit departed defies logic and reason!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This notion is completely irrational and illogical, it could even be considered one of the seven wonders of the world!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    We are speaking about a lifeless body, meaning a body without a spirit. So how can anyone claim that the divine spirit was still within the body, yet at the same time, the body was dead?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Would this not be a contradiction in itself?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Moreover, the phrase "the union of the divine spirit with the human spirit and body" implies indwelling rather than incarnation!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Who Died on the Cross?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    If we say that only the human nature died, this contradicts the doctrine of crucifixion and atonement, which requires that the one who is crucified and redeems humanity must be God Himself [Glorified and exalted is He beyond such attributions]!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    If we say that God died [Glorified and exalted is He beyond such attributions], this is impossible because God does not die.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    If we say that both the divine and human spirits died and departed together from Christ’s body, then this means that his body was completely lifeless and empty of both natures (which the Church rejects). Moreover, as mentioned earlier, God does not die!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Thus, we find that the matter is extremely complex, and anyone who thinks they fully understand it has actually misunderstood it!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    To clarify how this entire issue is mere wordplay and that the Church’s excessive exaltation of Christ has led to all these contradictions, let us revisit a previous example regarding indwelling:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    In Matthew 8:32, it says:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "32<\/sup> He told them (to the demons): “Go,” and they came out and went into the pigs. Suddenly, the whole herd rushed down a steep slope into the sea and drowned in the water."<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    When these pigs drowned and died, which spirit left them? Was it the spirit of the pigs? Was it the spirit of the demons? Or was it both?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Of course, both spirits left, the pigs’ own spirit and the demons’ spirit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    However, there is an important distinction: the spirit of the pigs departed as a soul leaving a lifeless body, while the spirit of the demons departed as an indwelling entity leaving the pigs’ bodies after possessing and controlling them.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Thus, it was the pigs that drowned, not the demons.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This means that the demons were not incarnated in the pigs; rather, they indwelled within them. The pigs already had their own bodies and spirits.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    If the demons had incarnated as pigs, this would mean that they created bodies for themselves in the form of pigs, without souls, instead of indwelling in already-existing pigs.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Applying This to the Crucifixion of Christ:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    From this, it becomes as clear as daylight that it was the human nature that died, and that God was never inside this man, because God does not die and never unites with His creation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    As for the Church’s claim that God was inside Christ, this means that His presence was indwelling, not incarnation, -and this destroys the doctrine of crucifixion and atonement!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Moreover, as Muslims, we reject both indwelling and incarnation, [Glorified and exalted is He beyond such attributions]!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Chapter Four<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Different Doctrines on Whether Christ Had Only a "Divine Spirit and Mind," Only a "Human Spirit and Mind," or "Two Spirits and Two Minds"?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    1. The Doctrine That Christ Had Only a Divine Spirit and Mind:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Many clergy, such as Apollinaris[3]<\/a>, Bishop of Laodicea, believed that Christ had no human spirit or human mind, because "God the Word" was himself the divine spirit and the mind of God. Therefore, he did not need a human spirit to give him life, nor did he need a human mind to grant him free will.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Thus, Apollinaris <\/strong>denied the existence of a rational human soul in Christ, to avoid the implication that Christ had two persons: one divine and one human.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    He stated that just as a human being is composed of body, soul, and a rational spirit, similarly, "God the Word Incarnate" must be composed of a body, soul, and a rational spirit, which is the Hypostasis of the Word (i.e., his divinity).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    2. The Doctrine That Christ Had Only a Human Spirit and Mind (The Doctrine of Indwelling and Companionship):<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    A group of clergy held that Christ had only one spirit, which was human. According to this belief, the Virgin Mary did not give birth to God, but only to a human being, into whom the Spirit of "God the Word" indwelled at baptism and departed from him before his death on the cross.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    According to this doctrine, the indwelling of "God the Word" was in the form of companionship and indwelling, not incarnation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This belief was upheld by Theodore of Mopsuestia (Bishop of Mopsuestia)[4]<\/a>, Paul of Samosata (Bishop of Antioch)[5]<\/a>, and Nestorius (Patriarch of Constantinople)[6]<\/a>, among others.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Nestorius, in his Fourth Letter to Proclus[7]<\/a>, wrote:\"A<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "They claim that the life-giving divinity is subject to death and dare to reduce the Logos (Hypostasis of the Word) to the level of theatrical myths, as if he were a child wrapped in swaddling clothes and then died. Pilate did not kill the divinity, but rather the garment of divinity."<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Nestorius also said:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "I will never call a two- or three-month-old child 'God<\/span>'."<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    3. The Doctrine That Christ Had Two Spirits and Two Minds: One Divine and One Human:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Another group of clergy held the belief that Christ had two spirits and two minds: one divine and one human.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    These were the proponents of the doctrine that Christ had two distinct natures, one divine and one human, which will be discussed in detail later, God willing.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Refuting the Three Doctrines:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    1. Refuting the Doctrine That Christ Had Only a Divine Spirit and Mind:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    1) God, who created time and space, cannot be confined within a small, limited human body! God created the universe, yet He is not a part of it and does not dwell within it.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    If we compare the size of a human being to the Earth, then compare the Earth to the solar system, and then compare the solar system to the trillions of galaxies in this universe, how can anyone claim that "the Spirit of God"[8]<\/a> descended and incarnated in a weak human body?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    And all this, allegedly, because God was unable [Glorified and exalted is He beyond such attributions] to forgive Adam for eating from a tree?!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    2) If Christ had a divine mind, then he would be all-knowing, and his ‘knowledge and will’ would be the same as God's knowledge and will.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    However, many passages in the Gospels confirm that Christ had only a human mind, not a divine one.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Mark 11:12-14 - Christ’s lack of knowledge about the fig tree:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "The next day, as they were leaving Bethany, Jesus was <\/span><\/strong>hungry<\/span><\/strong>. Seeing in the distance a fig tree in leaf, he went <\/span><\/strong>to find out <\/span><\/strong>if it had any fruit. When he reached it, <\/span><\/strong>he found nothing <\/span><\/strong>but leaves, because <\/span><\/strong>it was not the season for figs<\/span><\/strong>. Then he said to the tree, 'May no one ever eat fruit from you again.'”<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Mark 13:32 - Christ’s lack of knowledge about the Day of Judgment:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "But about that day or hour no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, <\/span><\/strong>nor the Son<\/span><\/strong>, but <\/span><\/strong>only the Father<\/span><\/strong>."<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    These texts show that Christ was not omniscient, which contradicts the idea that he had a divine mind.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    2. Refuting the Doctrine That Christ Had Only a Human Spirit and Mind (The Doctrine of Indwelling and Companionship):<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This doctrine undermines the doctrines of original sin, incarnation, crucifixion, and atonement because its proponents believe that the one who died on the cross was "Jesus the human," in whom "God the Word" indwelled but never truly incarnated.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Moreover, they believe that "God the Word" left Jesus before his death!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    However, the doctrine of atonement requires that the one who was crucified must be infinite, meaning that he must be God Himself [Glorified and exalted is He beyond such attributions] so that his sacrifice would be unlimited and sufficient to atone for the original sin inherited from Adam.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    If only a human died, then the atonement is finite, which contradicts the very foundation of Christian theology!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    3. Refuting the Doctrine That Christ Had Two Spirits and Two Minds, One Divine and One Human:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    When another group of clergy realized:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    1. That the doctrine claiming "Christ had only a divine spirit and mind" was incorrect, because it contradicts numerous Gospel passages confirming Christ’s human personality.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    2. That the doctrine claiming "Christ had only a human spirit and mind" (and that "God the Word" only indwelled in him at baptism and left before his death on the cross) was also incorrect, because it would destroy the fundamental doctrine of Christianity (original sin, incarnation, crucifixion, and atonement), -since without this doctrine, there would be no reason for Christ’s coming and no justification for considering him divine-. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    They decided to adopt a compromise doctrine: That "Christ had two natures<\/span>: he has both a divine spirit and mind, as well as a human spirit and mind."<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This belief attempted to preserve both his divinity and humanity, but as we will see later, it also led to serious contradictions.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This Doctrine Can Be Refuted as Follows:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    1. They Made Christ into Two Persons While Claiming He Was One: <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The claim that Christ had two spirits living in one body contradicts logic and reason. This would mean that there were two rational persons in Christ: one divine and one human.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Virgin Mary could not have given birth to two sons: one being God and the other a human!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    2. They Made Christ One Person with Two Minds and Two Wills:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    It is impossible for any person to have two minds or two wills. The four Gospels confirm that ‘Christ’s will’ was a ‘human will’ distinct from ‘God’s will’.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    For example, in John 5:30, Christ states:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "<\/span><\/strong>I can do nothing <\/span><\/strong>on my own accord. I judge according to what I hear, and my judgment is just, because <\/span><\/strong>I do not seek my own will but the will of the one who sent me<\/span><\/strong>."<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    In Matthew 26:39, Christ prays:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "Going a little farther, Jesus <\/span><\/strong>fell with his face to the ground <\/span><\/strong>and <\/span><\/strong>prayed<\/span><\/strong>, 'My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass from me. <\/span><\/strong>Yet not as I will, but as You will<\/span><\/strong>.'"<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    In Matthew 27:46, Christ cries out:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    "My God, my God, why have <\/span><\/strong>you forsaken me<\/span><\/strong>?"<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Despite these clear statements, the Church made a strange claim: that Christ’s human will was submissive to his divine will, thus avoiding any contradiction between them!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    However, what kind of logic is this?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The term "two wills" naturally implies "two persons", not "one person with two wills"!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    When Christ said "not as I will<\/span>", he referred to himself with the pronoun "I<\/span>" (regardless of whether the Church claims that <\/strong>both God and man existed within him). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Then, he directed his words to God, saying "but as You will<\/span>", yet he did not say, "as the Son or the Word within me wills<\/span>."<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    3. It Confirms the Doctrine of Indwelling and Companionship:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    By claiming that Christ had two spirits, they essentially confirm that the fetus inside the Virgin Mary was merely the human Jesus, -a human with a human spirit and body-, and that "God the Word" then indwelled in him, just as he had indwelled in Mary’s womb, without uniting or merging with her.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This completely destroys the doctrine of the incarnation of "God the Word." because it means that the one who was crucified was a limited human, not the infinite God!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    4. The Creator and the Created in One Body:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    If Christ had two spirits, this would mean that the "created human spirit" was a servant to the "divine Creator spirit".<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    So how can the Creator be, at the same time, the created?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    How could the Creator and the created exist within the same body?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    This would also imply that when Christ prostrated in worship, both his human spirit and his divine spirit prostrated together<\/span>!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    5. There Was No Need for a Human Spirit Inside Christ:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The primary function of the spirit is to give life <\/span>to the body. Since the Spirit of God was already inside Christ’s body, it would have been the source of life. So why would he need another source of life?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    6. How Can a Spirit Have Another Spirit?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Church teaches that the Spirit of "God the Word" incarnated in a human body, meaning it took on a body like a garment to appear in it. But how can the Church claim that there was a second spirit inside Christ?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    We can understand how a spirit can incarnate, but how can a spirit indwell within another spirit? A spirit is already a complete entity, so why would it need another spirit?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The presence of two spirits contradicts the doctrine of incarnation and confirms instead the doctrine of indwelling and companionship<\/span>!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    7. How Did the Church Determine That Christ Had a Divine and a Human Spirit?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    How does the Church claim something for which it has no evidence from Christ’s words, his disciples’ teachings, or the four Gospels?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Chapter Five<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    The Emergence of Doctrines About Christ’s Nature<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Due to Gospel passages describing how Christ was struck, crucified, and died, and how he prayed, fasted, worshiped, and called upon God, questions arose:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n