{"title":"Melech Yacov","author":{"id":2226,"name":"Melech Yacov","slug":"melech_yacov","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":"","promote":0,"status":1,"created_at":"2014-08-23T08:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2014-08-23T08:00:00.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"Melech Yacov"},"books":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/eng\/api\/authors\/2226?books_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/eng\/api\/authors\/2226?books_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/eng\/api\/authors\/2226?books_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/eng\/api\/authors\/2226","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"videos":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/eng\/api\/authors\/2226?videos_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/eng\/api\/authors\/2226?videos_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/eng\/api\/authors\/2226?videos_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/eng\/api\/authors\/2226","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"audios":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/eng\/api\/authors\/2226?audios_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/eng\/api\/authors\/2226?audios_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/eng\/api\/authors\/2226?audios_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/eng\/api\/authors\/2226","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"articles":{"current_page":1,"data":[{"id":1461,"title":"Melech Yacov, Ex-Jew, USA","slug":"melech-yacov-ex-jew-usa","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-Melech Yacov, Ex-Jew, USA.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-Melech Yacov, Ex-Jew, USA.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:melech-yacov-ex-jew-usa","hint":"","body":"

Melech Yacov, Ex-Jew, USA<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"
<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 (part 1 of 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

When I was born I was given the Hebrew name Melech Yacov.  Today I still live in the area in New York where I was born.  We were a semi-religious family; we belonged to a Chasidic congregation to which we went every Saturday, but we did not keep all the strict observances required in Chasidic Judaism.  For those who don’t know, Chasidism is known in the mainstream as “Ultra Orthodox” Judaism.  They are called so because of their strict observances of Halacha<\/em>(Jewish Law) and their following of Jewish mysticism (cabala<\/em>).  They are the strange people that you see walking down the street wearing black suits and hats and letting their beards and sideburns grow long.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

We were not like that though.  My family cooked and used electricity on the Sabbath, and I didn’t wear a yarmulke on my head.  Moreover I grew up in a secular environment surrounded by non-Jewish schoolmates and friends.  For many years, I still felt guilty about driving on Saturdays and eating non-kosher food.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Although I did not observe all of the rules, I nevertheless felt a strong sense that this was the way that God wanted me to live, and every time I omitted a rule, I was committing sin in the eyes of God.  From the earliest days, my mother would read to me the stories of the great Rabbis like Eliezar, the Baal Shem Tov, and the legends from the Haggada<\/em> (part of the Talmud other than the Halacha<\/em>) and Torah.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

All of these stories had the same ethical message which helped me to identify with the Jewish community, and later Israel.  The stories showed how Jews were oppressed throughout history, but God always stood by His people until the end.  The stories that we Jews were brought up on showed us that miracles always saved the Jews whenever they were in their greatest time of need.  The survival of the Jews throughout history, despite all odds, is seen as a miracle in itself.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

If a person wants to take an objective view on why most Jews have the irrational Zionist stance regarding Israel, then they must understand the way by which we were indoctrinated with these stories as children.  That is why the Zionists pretend that they are doing nothing wrong at all.  All of the goyim<\/em>(gentiles) are seen as enemies waiting to attack, and thus they cannot be trusted.  The Jewish people have a very strong bond with one another and see each other as the “chosen people” of God.  For many years I believed this myself.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Although I had a strong sense of identity as a Jew, I could not stand going to Saturday services (shul<\/em>).  I still remember myself as a little boy being forced to go to shul<\/em> with my father.  I remember how dreadfully boring it was for me and how strange everyone looked with their black hats and beards praying in a foreign language.  It was like being thrown into a different world away from my friends and the people I knew.  This was what I thought I was supposed to be, but I (and my parents) never adopted the Chasidic life like the rest of my family.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

When I turned 13, I was bar-mitzvah<\/em>’ed like every other Jewish boy who becomes a man.  I also began putting tefilin<\/em> (Hebrew amulets) on every morning.  I was told that it is dangerous to skip putting it on because it was like an omen and bad things might happen to you.  The first day I skipped putting on tefilin<\/em> my mom’s car got stolen! That event encouraged me to wear it for a long time.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

It was only a little while after my bar-mitzvah<\/em> that my family stopped going to synagogue altogether.  They could not stand the three-and-a-half hours of prayer and felt that getting me bar-mitzvahed<\/em> was the most important thing.  Later on, my father got into a silly quarrel with some congregation members, and we ended up not going at all to services anymore.  Then something strange happened: my father was convinced by a friend to accept Jesus into his heart.  God willingly my mother did not divorce my father for his conversion to Christianity, but she has kept a silent hatred of it ever since.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This was also a period in my early-teen years when I sought to find something to identify with.  My father’s conversion helped me question my own beliefs.  I began asking questions like: What exactly is a Jew anyway?  Is Judaism a culture, a nation, or a religion?  If it is a nation, then how could Jews be citizens of two nations?  If Judaism is a religion, then why are the prayers recited in Hebrew, prayers for Eretz Israel, and observance of “Oriental” rituals?  If Judaism was just a culture, then would not a person cease to be a Jew if he stopped speaking Hebrew and practicing Jewish customs?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

If a Jew was one who observes the commandments of the Torah, then why is Abraham called the first Jew when he lived before the Torah came down to Moses?  Incidentally, the Torah doesn’t even say he was a Jew; the word Jew comes from the name of one of Jacob’s 12 sons, Judah.  Jews were not called Jews until the Kingdom of Judah was established after the time of Solomon.  Tradition holds that a Jew is someone whose mother was Jewish.  So you can still be a Jew if you practice Christianity or atheism.  More and more I began to move away from Judaism.  There were so many laws and mitzvahs<\/em> (good deeds) to observe.  What is the point of all these different rituals, I began to question.  To me they were all man-made.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (part 2 of 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

I was fascinated with Native American culture and their bravery in the face of the white settlers who stole their land.  The Native Americans had over 250 treaties broken with them, and they were given the worst strips of land that no one wanted.  The story of the Native Americans is similar to that of the Palestinians.  The first Palestinians were living in Palestine for thousands of years and suddenly Jews replaced them, and the natives are forced into refugee camps in which they still live.  I asked my parents how the Palestinians are different from Native Americans, and the only answer I got was “because they want to kill all Jews and drive them into the sea.”  My understanding of the Palestinian people put me above any of the Jews, their leaders, and Rabbis whom I once viewed as wise men.  How could any good Jew deny that Palestinians were killed and forced from their land to make way for Jewish settlements?  What justifies this act of ethnic cleansing – the fact that many Jews died in the Holocaust! Or is it because the bible says it’s “our” land?  Any book that justifies such a thing would be immoral and hence not of God.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

When I reached high school, I became interested in philosophy and read many of the great thinkers of the past.  I spent time with good friends who read philosophy and who went along with me through the bumpy paths to Truth.  One of the philosophers who had an impact on me was the Jewish-born Spinoza.  Spinoza was a 17th century Talmudic student who questioned everything he was taught such as the belief in life after death, a belief that is found nowhere in the Torah.  In fact many of the early Jews didn’t have such a belief.  Spinoza was expelled from the Jewish community for his views.  I enjoyed reading his views on the Bible, which he said could not be taken literally without a boat-load of contradictions and problems.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Then I read two significant books that completely swept away any ounce of sympathy I had left for Judaism.  The first book was called “On the Jewish Question” by Abram Leon.  Leon was an underground Communist organizer in Belgium during World War II, and later he was caught and died at Aushwitz.  His book answered the age-old question: Why did the Jews survive for so long?  He gave a superb historical account of the Jews from the age of antiquity to the modern day and shows that their survival was by no means a miracle.  In the words of Karl Marx, “It is not in spite of history that the Jews survive but because of it.” First, he shows how much of the Jewish community left Israel on their own accord before the destruction of Jerusalem.  Then he explains that the Jews were valuable to the kings and nobles of the middle ages because of their status as middle men.  Then he shows how during the process of capitalist accumulation the status of Jew finally took a downward turn and they were subsequently persecuted for their usury.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The second book that affected me greatly was called “Who Wrote the Bible?” by Elliot Freedman.  It takes up the historical task of Spinoza.  The book proves that the Torah is actually written by 4 different people.  Freedman explains to us that there were 2 different traditional accounts from the Kingdom of Israel and Judah, and that a redactor intertwined them together to get the Bible we have today.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Besides reading philosophy with my friends, we also took up many different political causes in our youth.  We experimented in everything from Republicanism to Communism.  I took up reading all the works of Marx, Lenin, Stalin, Mao and Trotsky.  I found in Marxism what I felt was missing in my life.  I believed that I had found all the answers to everything and hence felt intellectually superior to everyone.  The philosophy bandits (as I like to call us) got together and formed our own little Socialist club.  We went to different activist events like protests and labor strikes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

After meeting all the different cult groups that surrounded the political left in America we all became disgusted at the way they acted and denied reality.  No revolution would be made in a country by this type of people.  Fighting for social change cannot win by using methods of the past.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Although I gave up the fight for revolution, I became an active pro-Palestinian organizer.  This is the one cause about which I was very passionate.  We were very small and attacked by the mainstream which gave me a sense of pride.  I wanted the world to know that not all Jews are bad people.  It shames me to see people whom I once looked up to support the aggressive regime of Israel.  The lies coming from Israel are nothing less than holocaust denial.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Although I gave up Judaism and looked at this world as the ultimate aim of man, I was never really an atheist.  However, I had a strong hatred of all religion and believed that it was a tool of the people in charge to use to keep everyone else in check.  When you see the way fundamentalist Christians act in America, doing things like denying science and upholding values of old white men, you can understand why I was skeptical of all religions.  The way Jews acted toward Palestinians did not help either.  Nevertheless, I still believed in God in the very back of my mind.  But with religion gone, I had a big emptiness left in me.  I sometimes even wished that I was a religious person because I felt that they lived happier lives.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Honestly I do not remember what got me interested in Islam, especially after many years of strong anti-religious feeling.  As a child, I remember hearing my mother talk about Islam, and how Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, worshipped the same God as us, and also how Jews are related to Arabs through Abraham.  So in a way I kind of accepted Islam as just another religion that worships God.  I have a faint memory of my cousin (a Chasid) who said to me that if a Jew gives up his life as a Jew and lives like a Muslim, he wouldn’t be committing any sin! Looking back I am astonished to have heard such a thing.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

When September 11th happened, there was a surge in anti-Islamic propaganda in the news.  From the very beginning, I knew that it was all lies because I already had developed the perspective that everything in the media protects the interests of those who control it.  When I saw that the most militant people in attacking Islam were fundamentalist Christians, Islam started looking more attractive to me.  I thank God for what I learned in my activist days, because without the knowledge of society and the media, I would have believed all the garbage that I heard about Islam on the television.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

One day I remember hearing someone talk about scientific facts in the Bible so I wondered if the Quran had scientific facts in it.  I did an Internet search and I discovered a lot of amazing stuff.  I subsequently spent a great deal of time consuming articles on various aspects of Islam.  I was surprised of how logically consistent the Quran was.  As I read the Quran, I would compare its moral message to that of what I learned from the Bible and understood how much better it was.  Also the Quran was not nearly as boring as reading the Bible.  It’s fun to read.  After about 5 months of intense study I said my shahada<\/em> and officially became Muslim.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Unlike my old religion, everything in Islam made sense.  All the practices like prayer and Ramadan I understood already.  Although I imagined Islam to be like Judaism in which one follows a series of different rules dogmatically, I was wrong.  My understanding of the world also matched what Islam taught me – that all religions are basically the same but have been corrupted by man over time.  God didn’t make a name called Judaism and Christianity and tell people to worship him.  God taught the people only Islam; that is submission to Him alone.  It is as clear and simple as that.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":10777,"lft":2701,"rght":2712,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-24T03:50:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T11:12:32.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":2226,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"Melech Yacov","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-08-24","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-Melech Yacov, Ex-Jew, USA.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-Melech Yacov, Ex-Jew, USA.docx"},{"id":1462,"title":"Melech Yacov, exjud\u00edo, Estados Unidos","slug":"melech-yacov-exjudo-estados-unidos","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Melech Yacov, Ex-Jew, USA.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Melech Yacov, Ex-Jew, USA.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:melech-yacov-exjudo-estados-unidos","hint":"","body":"

Melech Yacov, exjudío, Estados Unidos<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 (parte 1 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Cuando nací, me dieron el nombre hebreo Melech Yacov. Hoy día, sigo viviendo en el área de Nueva York en la que nací. Éramos una familia semirreligiosa, pertenecíamos a una congregación jasídica a la que asistíamos todos los sábados, pero no cumplíamos todas las observancias estrictas exigidas en el judaísmo jasídico. Para quienes no saben, el jasidismo es conocido en la corriente principal como judaísmo “ultra ortodoxo”. Se le llama así debido a sus observancias estrictas de la Halajá<\/em> (Ley Judía) y su seguimiento del misticismo judío (cábala<\/em>). Son esas personas extrañas que ver caminando por la calle vistiendo trajes y sombreros negros, y que se dejan crecer las patillas y la barba.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Sin embargo, eso no nos gustaba. Mi familia cocinaba el sábado y usábamos electricidad, y yo nunca me puse un yarmulke<\/em> en la cabeza. Por otra parte, crecí en un ambiente secular, rodeado por compañeros y amigos que no eran judíos. Durante muchos años me sentí culpable por conducir los sábados y por comer comida que no era kosher<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Si bien no observaba todas las reglas, tenía la fuerte sensación de que ese era el camino que Dios quería que yo viviera, y que cada vez que omitía una regla, estaba cometiendo un pecado ante los ojos de Dios. Desde los primeros días, mi madre me leía las historias de los grandes rabinos como Eliecer, el Baal Shem Tov, y las leyendas de la Hagadá<\/em> (la otra parte del Talmud además de la Halajá<\/em>) y la Tora.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Todas estas historias tenían el mismo mensaje ético que me ayudó a identificarme con la comunidad judía y más tarde con Israel. Las historias mostraban cómo los judíos fueron oprimidos a lo largo de la historia, y cómo Dios siempre apoyó a Su pueblo hasta el final. Las historias con las que nosotros fuimos criados nos mostraban que los milagros siempre salvaron a los judíos cuando estaban en sus épocas de mayor necesidad. La supervivencia de los judíos a lo largo de la historia, a pesar de todas las probabilidades, parecía como un milagro en sí mismo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Si una persona quiere tener una opinión objetiva sobre por qué muchos judíos tienen la postura sionista irracional respecto a Israel, debe entender la forma en cómo hemos sido adoctrinados con estas historias desde niños. Es por ello que los sionistas pretenden que no están haciendo nada malo. Todos los goyim<\/em>(gentiles) son vistos como enemigos esperando atacar y, por lo tanto, no se puede confiar en ellos. Los judíos tiene un lazo muy fuerte entre sí y se ven como el “pueblo elegido” de Dios. Durante muchos años, yo también creí en ello.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Aunque tengo un sentido de identidad muy fuerte como judío, no podía ser constante en asistir a los servicios del sábado (shul<\/em>). Recuerdo que cuando era niño me obligaban a ir al shul<\/em> con mi padre. Recuerdo cuán aburrido era para mí y cuán extrañas eran las personas que veía con sus sombreros negros y sus barbas rezando en un idioma extraño. Era como ser lanzado a un mundo diferente lejos de mis amigos y de la gente que conocía. Esto era lo que pensaba que se suponía que debía ser, pero yo (y mis padres) nunca adopté el estilo de vida del jasidismo como el resto de mi familia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Cuando cumplí 13 años de edad celebré mi Bar Mitzvah<\/em> como cualquier otro muchacho judío que se hace hombre. También comencé a ponerme tefilin<\/em>(amuletos hebreos) cada mañana. Me dijeron que era peligroso dejar de ponérmelos porque era como un presagio y podían ocurrirme cosas malas. El primer día que no me puse los tefilin<\/em> fue robado el auto de mi madre. Ese evento me animó a llevarlos por mucho tiempo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Apenas poco tiempo después de mi Bar Mitzvah,<\/em> mi familia dejó de ir a la sinagoga por completo. Ellos no podían permanecer en la oración durante tres horas y media, y sentían que haberme dado el Bar Mitzvah<\/em> era lo más importante. Más tarde, mi padre se involucró en una pelea tonta con algunos miembros de la congregación y no volvimos a ningún servicio nunca más. Entonces, ocurrió algo extraño: mi padre fue convencido por un amigo de que aceptara a Jesús en su corazón. Dios no quiso que mi madre se divorciara de mi padre por su conversión al cristianismo, pero ella ha mantenido un odio silencioso al respecto desde entonces.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Este también fue un periodo a comienzos de mi adolescencia en que estaba tratando de hallar algo con lo cual identificarme. La conversión de mi padre me hizo cuestionarme mis propias creencias. Comencé a hacerme preguntas como: ¿Qué es exactamente ser judío? ¿El judaísmo es una cultura, una nación o una religión? Si es una nación, entonces, ¿los judíos pueden ser ciudadanos de dos naciones? Si el judaísmo es una religión, entonces, ¿por qué las oraciones se recitan en hebreo, se hacen oraciones por Eretz Israel, y se observan los rituales “orientales”? Si el judaísmo solo es una cultura, entonces, ¿alguien puede dejar de ser judío si deja de hablar hebreo y de practicar costumbres judías?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Si un judío es aquel que observa los mandamientos de la Tora, entonces, ¿por qué se le llama a Abraham el primer judío, si él vivió antes que la Tora le fuera descendida a Moisés? Por cierto, la Torá ni siquiera dice que él fue un judío, la palabra judío proviene del nombre de uno de los doce hijos de Jacob, Judá. Los judíos no eran llamados judíos hasta que se estableció el Reino de Judá después de la época de Salomón. La tradición sostiene que un judío es alguien cuya madre es judía. De modo que puedes seguir siendo judío aunque practiques el cristianismo o seas ateo. Comencé a alejarme del judaísmo cada vez más. Había demasiadas leyes y mitzvahs<\/em> (obras buenas) qué observar. ¿Cuál es el sentido de todos estos rituales?, comencé a preguntarme. Para mí, todos ellos eran inventos de los hombres.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(parte2 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Estaba embelesado con la cultura de los indígenas norteamericanos y su valentía al enfrentar a los conquistadores y colonos blancos que robaron sus tierras. Los indígenas tenían más de 250 tratados que los blancos rompieron con ellos, y a ellos les fueron entregadas las peores franjas de tierra, las que nadie quería. La historia de los indígenas es similar a la de los palestinos. Los primeros palestinos vivieron en Palestina durante miles de años, y de repente, los judíos los reemplazaron, obligando a los nativos a vivir en campos de refugiados. Les pregunté a mis padres en qué se diferenciaban los palestinos de los indígenas, y solo respondieron que “ellos quieren matar a todos los judíos y lanzarlos al mar”. Mi entendimiento del pueblo palestino me puso por encima de cualquier judío, de sus líderes y rabinos a quienes una vez vi como hombres sabios. ¿Cómo podría cualquier buen judío negar que los palestinos fueron asesinados y expulsados de su tierra para invadirla con asentamientos judíos? ¿Qué puede justificar este acto de limpieza étnica? ¿Acaso el hecho de que muchos judíos murieron en el holocausto? ¿O es porque la Biblia dice que esa es “nuestra” tierra? Cualquier libro que justifique tal cosa sería inmoral y, por lo tanto, no podría provenir de Dios.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Cuando entré a la secundaria, me interesé en filosofía y leí a muchos de los pensadores del pasado. Dediqué mucho tiempo con buenos amigos que leían filosofía y que caminaron conmigo por los caminos llenos de baches hacia la verdad. Uno de los filósofos que tuvo impacto en mí fue el judío Baruch Spinoza. Spinoza fue un estudiante del Talmud en el siglo XVII, quien cuestionó todo lo que se le había enseñado, como la creencia en la vida después de la muerte, una creencia que no aparece por ninguna parte en la Tora. De hecho, muchos de los primeros judíos no tenían esa creencia. Spinoza fue expulsado de la comunidad judía por sus puntos de vista. Disfruté leyendo sus opiniones sobre la Biblia que, según él, no podía ser tomada literalmente sin un montón de contradicciones y problemas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Luego leí dos libros importantes que barrieron por completo con cualquier pizca de simpatía que me hubiera quedado por el judaísmo. El primero se titulaba “La cuestión judía”, de Abram León. León fue un organizador comunista clandestino en Bélgica durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, y después fue capturado y murió en Aushwitz. Su libro respondió la pregunta del millón: ¿Por qué los judíos han sobrevivido tanto tiempo? Él hace un relato histórico espléndido de los judíos desde la antigüedad hasta la era moderna, y muestra que su supervivencia no ha sido un asunto milagroso en modo alguno. En palabras de Karl Marx: “No ha sido a pesar de la historia que han sobrevivido los judíos, sino gracias a ella”. En primer lugar, él muestra cómo gran parte de la comunidad judía abandonó Israel por voluntad propia antes de la destrucción de Jerusalén. Luego, explica que los judíos eran valiosos para los reyes y nobles del medioevo debido a su condición de intermediarios. Luego muestra cómo durante el proceso de la acumulación capitalista, el estatus de los judíos finalmente tuvo un revés y luego comenzaron a ser perseguidos por su usura.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

El segundo libro que me afectó profundamente se llama “¿Quién escribió la Biblia?”, de Elliot Freedman, quien retoma la tarea histórica de Spinoza. El libro prueba que la Tora, como parte de la biblia, en realidad fue escrita por cuatro personas distintas. Freedman nos explica que hubo dos relatos tradicionales distintos, uno del Reino de Israel y otro del Reino de Judá, y que un redactor los entrelazó, uniéndolos para conseguir la versión que tenemos en la Biblia actual.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Además de leer filosofía con mis amigos, también tomamos parte en diferentes causas políticas en nuestra juventud. Experimentamos con todo, desde el republicanismo hasta el comunismo. Leí todas las obras de Marx, Lenin, Stalin, Mao y Trotsky. Encontré en el marxismo lo que sentí que era mi misión en la vida. Creí que había encontrado las respuestas a todo y por lo tanto, me sentía intelectualmente superior a todos. Los capos de la filosofía (como me gustaba llamarnos) nos reunimos y formamos nuestro propio club socialista. Asistimos a diferentes eventos activistas, como protestas y huelgas laborales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Después de conocer a todos los grupos de culto diferentes que rodeaban la izquierda política en los Estados Unidos, todos comenzaron a disgustarme por la forma en que actuaban y cómo negaban la realidad. Ninguna revolución se haría en un país por este tipo de gente. La lucha por el cambio social no será ganada utilizando métodos del pasado.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A pesar de que renuncié a luchar por la revolución, me convertí en un organizador activo a favor de la causa palestina. Esta es la única causa por la que me he apasionado realmente. El hecho de ser muy pequeños y estar atacados por la corriente dominante, me dio un sentido de orgullo. Quería que el mundo supiera que no todos los judíos son malas personas. Me avergüenza saber que alguna vez admire a gente que apoyaba al régimen agresivo de Israel. Las mentiras que venían de Israel no eran menos que la negación del holocausto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A pesar de que abandoné el judaísmo y miraba a este mundo como el fin último del hombre, nunca fui realmente ateo. Sin embargo, tenía un odio profundo hacia las religiones y creía que ellas eran una herramienta de los dirigentes para mantener a todos en jaque. Cuando ves la forma en que actúan los cristianos fundamentalistas en los Estados Unidos, haciendo cosas como negar la ciencia y defender los valores de los antiguos hombres blancos, puedes entender por qué era escéptico respecto a todas las religiones. La forma en que los judíos actúan hacia los palestinos no ayudó. Sin embargo, todavía creía en Dios en lo más profundo de mi mente. Pero al no tener religión, había un vacío enorme en mí. A veces incluso deseaba ser una persona religiosa, puesto que sentía que ellos llevan vidas más felices.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Honestamente, no recuerdo cómo fue que me interesé en el Islam, en especial después de muchos años de sentimientos antirreligiosos. Cuando niño, recuerdo haber escuchado a mi madre hablar sobre el Islam, y de cómo Muhammad, que la misericordia y las bendiciones de Dios sean con él, adoraba al mismo Dios que nosotros, y también cómo los judíos estaban relacionados con los árabes a través de Abraham. De modo que de algún modo, yo acepté al Islam como otra religión que adoraba a Dios. Tengo el vago recuerdo de mi primo (un jasid<\/em>) diciéndome que si un judío deja su vida de judío para vivir como musulmán, no estaría cometiendo ningún pecado. Al hacer memoria de ello, me sorprende mucho haber escuchado tal cosa.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Cuando ocurrió el 11 de septiembre, hubo una explosión de propaganda antislámica en las noticias. Desde un comienzo, supe que todo ello eran mentiras, puesto que ya había desarrollado la perspectiva de que los medios de comunicación siempre protegen los intereses de quienes los controlan. Cuando vi que la gente más militante en atacar al Islam eran cristianos fundamentalistas, el Islam comenzó a hacerse más atractivo para mí. Agradezco a Dios por todo lo que aprendí en mis días de activista, porque sin ese conocimiento de la sociedad y de los medios masivos, habría terminado creyendo toda la basura que escuché sobre el Islam en la televisión.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Recuerdo haber escuchado un día alguna charla acerca de hechos científicos en la Biblia, de modo que me pregunté si el Corán contenía hechos científicos. Hice una búsqueda en Internet y descubrí una cantidad de cosas sorprendentes. Posteriormente, dediqué mucho tiempo leyendo artículos sobre diversos aspectos del Islam. Estaba asombrado de cuán lógico y consistente es el Corán. Cuando leí el Corán, comparé su mensaje moral con lo que había aprendido de la Biblia, y entendí cuán superior era. Además, el Corán no era tan aburridor como leer la Biblia. Es divertido de leer. Después de cinco meses de estudios intensivos, dije mi shahada<\/em> y me hice musulmán oficialmente.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A diferencia de mi anterior religión, todo en el Islam tiene sentido. Todas las prácticas como la oración y Ramadán son perfectamente entendibles para mí. Aunque me imaginé que el Islam era similar al judaísmo, en que uno sigue una serie de reglas dogmáticamente, estaba equivocado. Mi entendimiento del mundo también coincidía con lo que me enseñó el Islam: que todas las religiones son básicamente lo mismo, pero han sido corrompidas por los seres humanos con el paso del tiempo. Dios no inventó un nombre llamado judaísmo o cristianismo y luego le dijo a la gente que lo adorara. Dios solo enseñó a la gente el Islam, que es la sumisión solo a Él. Es tan claro y simple como eso.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":8347,"lft":2702,"rght":2703,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-24T03:50:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T08:38:55.000000Z","language_id":12,"user_id":7,"author_id":2226,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":1461,"author_name":"Melech Yacov","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-08-24","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Melech Yacov, Ex-Jew, USA.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Melech Yacov, Ex-Jew, USA.docx"},{"id":1463,"title":"Melech Yacov, ex-juif, \u00c9tats-Unis","slug":"melech-yacov-ex-juif-tats-unis","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Melech Yacov, Ex-Jew, USA.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Melech Yacov, Ex-Jew, USA.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:melech-yacov-ex-juif-tats-unis","hint":"","body":"

Melech Yacov, ex-juif, États-Unis<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

(partie1 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Lorsque je suis né, on me donna le nom hébreu Melech Yacov.  Aujourd’hui encore, je vis dans le quartier de New York où je suis né.  Nous formions une famille plus ou moins religieuse.  Nous appartenions à la congrégation hassidique, avec laquelle nous nous réunissions chaque samedi, mais nous ne respections pas toutes les règles strictes du judaïsme hassidique.  Pour ceux qui l’ignorent, le hassidisme est considéré comme le judaïsme ultra-orthodoxe, car ses membres observent très strictement la loi juive et s’adonnent au mysticisme juif (cabbale).  Ce sont ces drôles d’hommes que vous apercevez, parfois, déambulant sur les trottoirs vêtus de grands manteaux et chapeaux noirs, qui laissent pousser leur barbe et leurs favoris, desquels ils font des papillotes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Mais chez nous, nous étions différents.  Ma famille cuisinait et utilisait l’électricité lors du sabbat et je ne portais pas de yarmulke (kippa) sur ma tête.  De plus, j’ai grandi dans un environnement non-religieux, entouré d’amis et de camarades de classe non-juifs.  Même sans être très pratiquant, je n’ai pu m’empêcher, des années durant, de me sentir coupable si je conduisais un samedi ou si je mangeais de la nourriture qui n’était pas cachère.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Malgré le fait que je n’observais pas toutes les règles, j’avais quand même le sentiment profond que c’était là la vie que Dieu souhaitait me voir mener; et, chaque fois que j’ignorais sciemment une règle, je sentais que je commettais un péché aux yeux de Dieu.  Depuis que j’étais tout petit, ma mère me lisait les histoires des grands rabbins tels Eliezar et Baal Shem Tov, de même que les légendes tirées du Haggadah (une partie du Talmud) et de la Torah.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Toutes ces histoires comportaient le même message éthique, qui me poussait à m’identifier à la communauté juive et, plus tard, à Israël.  Ces histoires rappelaient comment les juifs avaient été opprimés, à travers l’histoire, mais que Dieu avait toujours soutenu Son peuple jusqu’au bout.  Les histoires que l’on raconte aux enfants juifs leur rappellent que les miracles ont toujours sauvé les juifs, chaque fois qu’ils traversaient de difficiles épreuves.  La survie des juifs, à travers l’histoire, est considérée comme un miracle en soi.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Si une personne cherche à comprendre, de manière objective, pourquoi la plupart des juifs ont une position irrationnelle sur l’État d’Israël, elle doit comprendre à quel point nous sommes endoctrinés, enfants, par de telles histoires.  C’est pourquoi les sionistes prétendent ne rien faire de mal.  Tous les goyim (non-juifs) sont considérés comme des ennemis prêts à attaquer et on ne peut donc jamais leur faire confiance.  Les juifs entretiennent des liens très étroits les uns avec les autres et se considèrent comme le peuple élu de Dieu.  Des années durant, j’y ai cru, moi aussi.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Même si je possédais une forte identité juive, je détestais assister aux services religieux du samedi (shoul).  Je me souviens encore, enfant, lorsque j’étais forcé d’y assister avec mon père.  Je me souviens à quel point j’y mourais d’ennui et comment je trouvais que tous avaient l’air étranges avec leurs chapeaux noirs et leurs barbes, priant dans une langue inconnue.  C’était, chaque fois, comme être plongé dans un monde étrange, à des lieues de mon quotidien, de mes amis et des gens qui m’étaient familiers.  Je comprenais que nous étions censés être comme ces barbus, mais à la maison, mes parents ne pratiquaient pas strictement le hassidisme.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Quand j’eus 13 ans, on organisa une bar-mitzvah, pour moi, comme on le fait pour tous les garçons juifs qui deviennent homme.  Je commençai également à porter des tefillins (amulettes juives) chaque jour.  On me dit qu’il était de mauvais augure d’oublier de les porter ne fut-ce qu’un jour.  Et, un jour que j’oubliai de les mettre, ma mère se fit voler sa voiture!  Cela ne fit que m’encourager davantage à les porter sans faute.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

C’est peu de temps après ma bar-mitzvah que ma famille cessa complètement de fréquenter la synagogue.  Mes parents ne pouvaient plus endurer les trois heures et demie de prières.  Un peu plus tard, mon père se querella avec certains membres de la congrégation, ce qui ne fit que renforcer sa détermination à ne plus fréquenter ces lieux.  Puis, quelque chose d’étrange arriva : mon père se laissa convaincre, par un ami chrétien, de se convertir au christianisme.  Ma mère ne demanda pas le divorce, mais, depuis, elle n’en garde pas moins une haine silencieuse, au fond d’elle-même.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Tous ces événements coïncidaient avec le début de mon adolescence, période à laquelle les jeunes se cherchent typiquement une identité.  La conversion de mon père m’amena à remettre en question mes propres croyances.  Je me mis à me poser des questions telles : Qu’est-ce qu’un juif, au fond?  Le judaïsme est-il une culture, une nation ou une religion?  Si c’est une nation, comment les juifs peuvent-ils alors être citoyens de deux nations?  S’il s’agit d’une religion, pourquoi les prières sont-elles récitées en hébreu et pourquoi le respect des rituels « orientaux »?  Et si le judaïsme n’était qu’une culture, une personne cessait-elle donc d’être juive si elle ne parlait plus l’hébreu et ne vivait plus selon les traditions juives?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Si un juif était celui qui observe les commandements de la Torah, pourquoi Abraham est-il appelé le « premier juif » alors qu’il vécut bien avant que la Torah ne soit révélée à Moïse?  D’ailleurs, la Torah n’affirme même pas qu’il était juif.  Le terme « juif » vient du nom de l’un des douze fils de Jacob, Judée.  Les juifs ne furent appelés juifs que lorsque le royaume de Judée fut établi, après l’époque de Salomon.  Selon la tradition, est juif celui dont la mère est juive.  Suivant cela, on peut donc continuer d’être juif même si on devient chrétien ou athée.  Petit à petit, je sentais que je me détachais du judaïsme.  Il y avait tant de lois à observer; quel était le but de tous ces rituels qui n’en finissaient plus, me demandais-je.  Plus j’y pensais et plus je me disais qu’ils n’étaient autres que l’invention de l’homme.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(partie 2de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

J’étais fasciné par la culture amérindienne, par leur courage face aux colonisateurs qui avaient volé leurs terres et rompu près de 250 traités conclus avec eux, ne leur laissant que des bandes de terre dont personne ne voulait.  L’histoire des Amérindiens est similaire à celle des Palestiniens.  Les Palestiniens ont vécu en Palestine des milliers d’années durant, jusqu’à ce que des juifs s’amènent et volent leurs terres, les repoussant dans des camps de réfugiés, où certains vivent encore.  Je demandai à mes parents de quelle manière les Palestiniens étaient différents des Amérindiens et j’obtins pour toute réponse que les Palestiniens ne voulaient que « tuer tous les juifs et les jeter à la mer ».  Ma perception du peuple palestinien me rendait supérieur à tous les autres juifs, à leurs leaders et à leurs rabbins que j’avais, naguère, considérés comme sages.  Comment un juif pouvait-il nier que les Palestiniens avaient été tués ou forcés à l’exil dans l’unique but de libérer l’espace pour les colonies juives?  Comment justifier un tel acte de nettoyage ethnique?  Certains juifs vous répondront : « Parce que beaucoup de juifs sont morts durant l’holocauste »!  Ou encore : « Parce que la Torah affirme qu’il s’agit de nos terres ».  Tout livre justifiant une telle situation est nécessairement immoral et ne peut donc provenir de Dieu.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Lorsque j’entrai à l’école secondaire, je découvris la philosophie et lus les œuvres de plusieurs grands penseurs.  Je me fis des amis qui, comme moi, aimaient la philosophie et cheminaient en quête de la Vérité.  Un philosophe qui influença beaucoup ma pensée fut Spinoza, un juif de naissance.  Spinoza, au 17e<\/sup>siècle, étudiait le Talmud et avait la manie de remettre en question tout ce qu’on lui enseignait, comme la vie après la mort, concept que l’on ne retrouve nulle part dans la Torah.  En fait, plusieurs des premiers juifs n’épousaient pas cette croyance.  Spinoza fut expulsé de la communauté juive à cause de ses nombreuses opinions controversées.  J’aimais lire ses opinions sur la Bible qui, selon lui, ne pouvait être prise littéralement sans que cela ne résulte en un casse-tête de contradictions.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Puis, je lus deux livres qui balayèrent totalement le peu de sympathie que je ressentais encore pour le judaïsme.  Le premier était intitulé « On the jewish question » (Sur la question juive) et écrit par Abram Leon.  Leon était un organisateur communiste clandestin, en Belgique, lors de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, qui fut plus tard arrêté et qui mourut à Auschwitz.  Son livre répond à la question : pourquoi les juifs ont-ils survécu si longtemps?  Puis, il fait un récit historique des juifs, de l’antiquité jusqu’à aujourd’hui, qui démontre que leur survie ne fut aucunement miraculeuse.  Il cite Karl Marx, qui dit : « Ce n’est pas en dépit de l’histoire que les juifs survécurent, mais grâce à elle. »  Il rappelle qu’une très grande partie de la communauté juive a quitté Israël de son propre gré avant la destruction de Jérusalem.  Puis, il explique que les juifs étaient précieux aux rois et aux nobles du moyen-âge à cause de leur statut d’intermédiaires.   Enfin, il démontre que durant le processus d’accumulation capitaliste, le statut de juif perdit de son lustre et ils furent par la suite persécutés à cause de leurs pratiques usuraires.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le deuxième livre qui influença mon parcours était intitulé « Who wrote the Bible? » (Qui a rédigé la Bible?), par Elliot Freedman.  Il reprend le récit historique de Spinoza et démontre que la Torah fut rédigée par quatre personnes différentes.  Freedman explique qu’il y a eu deux récits traditionnels différents du Royaume d’Israël et de Judée et qu’un rédacteur les a scindés pour parvenir aux récits de la Bible tels que nous les connaissons aujourd’hui.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Avec mes amis, en plus de lire des ouvrages de philosophie, nous épousâmes tour à tour diverses causes politiques, du républicanisme au communisme.  Nous lûmes les ouvrages de Marx, Lénine, Staline, Mao et Trotsky.  Je trouvai dans le marxisme –  du moins je le croyais, à l’époque – ce qui manquait à ma vie.  Je crus, pendant un moment, avoir trouvé les réponses à tout et me sentis intellectuellement supérieur à tout le monde.  Nous, les bandits philosophiques (comme je me plaisais à nous appeler), nous réunissions régulièrement, ayant formé un petit club social.  Nous aimions nous rendre à divers événements activistes comme des manifestations ou des grèves de travailleurs.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Après avoir frayé avec à peu près tous les groupes cultes entourant la gauche politique aux États-Unis, nous devînmes dégoûtés par leurs agissements et leur aveuglement volontaire.  Nous comprîmes qu’aucune révolution n’aurait jamais lieu, dans ce pays, par des personnes de ce genre.  Se battre pour des changements sociaux ne peut être efficace si cela est fait en utilisant des méthodes du passé.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

J’oubliai mes rêves de révolution et devins un organisateur pro-palestinien très actif, car cette cause me tenait passionnément à cœur.  Nous étions un tout petit groupe constamment ciblé par le commun des mortels, ce qui m’apportait un sentiment de fierté.  Je voulais que le monde sache que tous les juifs n’étaient pas de mauvaises personnes.  Je me sens honteux lorsque je vois des gens que j’estimais autrefois appuyer le régime d’Israël. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Même si, après mon abandon du judaïsme, je considérai, pour un temps, le monde d’ici-bas comme le but ultime de l’homme, je ne fus jamais vraiment athée.  Cependant, j’éprouvais une forte haine des religions et croyais qu’il ne s’agissait que d’un moyen, pour les autorités, de garder un certain contrôle sur les masses.  Quand vous voyez comment agissent les chrétiens fondamentalistes, aux États-Unis, quand vous les entendez mépriser la science et défendre les valeurs de l’homme blanc, vous comprenez pourquoi je détestais tant les religions.  Et la manière dont les juifs agissent envers les Palestiniens n’aidait pas non plus.  Malgré tout, je continuais de croire en Dieu, tout au fond de moi.  Mais, sans religion aucune, je ressentais un grand vide en mon for intérieur.  Il m’arrivait même de regretter de ne plus être une personne religieuse, car j’avais l’impression que certaines de ces personnes étaient plus heureuses que moi.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Honnêtement, je n’arrive pas à me souvenir exactement de ce qui éveilla mon intérêt pour l’islam, surtout après avoir passé tant d’années à détester les religions.  Je me souviens avoir entendu, enfant, ma mère parler d’islam et affirmer que Mohammed adorait le même Dieu que nous et comment les juifs étaient liés aux Arabes à travers le prophète Abraham.  Et j’ai le vague souvenir de mon cousin, un hassidique, qui me dit, un jour, que si un juif abandonne le judaïsme et devient musulman, il ne commet aucun péché.  Avec le recul, je suis profondément étonné d’avoir entendu une telle chose!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Lorsque survinrent les événements du 11 septembre, une vague de propagande anti-islam déferla dans les médias.  Dès le départ, je sus qu’il se disait beaucoup de mensonges, car j’avais depuis longtemps compris que les médias existent pour protéger ceux qui les contrôlent.  Quand je vis que les plus hargneux, dans leurs attaques contre l’islam, étaient les chrétiens fondamentalistes, l’islam m’apparut de plus en plus intéressant.  Je remercie Dieu pour tout ce que j’ai appris lors des périodes de ma vie où j’étais activiste, car sans une connaissance approfondie de la société et des médias, j’aurais cru, comme tout le monde, tous les mensonges sur l’islam diffusés à travers les différents médias.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Un jour, j’entendis quelqu’un parler des faits scientifiques dans la Bible, alors je me demandai si le Coran contenait, lui aussi, des faits scientifiques.  Une brève recherche sur internet me permit de découvrir des choses étonnantes.  Par la suite, je passai beaucoup de temps à lire des articles traitant de divers aspects de l’islam.  Je fus étonné de constater à quel point le Coran est cohérent et logique.  En lisant le Coran, je comparai son message moral avec celui que j’avais connu dans la Torah et réalisai à quel point le message du Coran était meilleur.  Aussi, le Coran n’était pas ennuyeux à lire, comme l’était la Torah.  En fait, il était agréable à lire.  Après environ cinq mois de recherches et d’étude intenses, je prononçai la profession de foi (shahada) et devins officiellement musulman.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Contrairement à mon ancienne religion, tout est censé et logique, dans l’islam.  Avant, j’imaginais l’islam comme le judaïsme, i.e. composé d’une série de règles à suivre de façon dogmatique; mais je me trompais.  Ma compréhension du monde rejoint par ailleurs ce que j’apprends dans l’islam : que toutes les religions étaient les mêmes, à la base, mais qu’elles ont été corrompues par l’homme.  Dieu n’a pas créé des religions appelées judaïsme et christianisme et demandé aux hommes de les suivre.  Il n’a jamais enseigné que l’islam, aux hommes, i.e. la soumission totale et Son adoration exclusive.  C’est aussi simple que cela.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":8108,"lft":2704,"rght":2705,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-24T03:50:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-03T01:35:16.000000Z","language_id":9,"user_id":7,"author_id":2226,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":1461,"author_name":"Melech Yacov","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-08-24","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Melech Yacov, Ex-Jew, USA.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Melech Yacov, Ex-Jew, USA.docx"},{"id":1464,"title":"Melech Yacov, Ex-Jude, USA","slug":"melech-yacov-ex-jude-usa","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-Melech Yacov, Ex-Jew, USA.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-Melech Yacov, Ex-Jew, USA.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:melech-yacov-ex-jude-usa","hint":"","body":"

Melech Yacov, Ex-Jude, USA<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 (teil 1 von 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Als ich geboren wurde, war mein hebräischer Name Melech Yacov.  Heute lebe ich immer noch in der Gegend von New York, wo ich geboren bin.  Wir waren eine halb-religiöse Familie; wir gehörten zu einer chassidischen Gemeinde, zu der wir jeden Samstag gingen, aber wir hielten uns nicht an alle strengen Ordensregeln, die das chassidische Judentum verlangt.  Für diejenigen, die nicht wissen, was Chassidismus ist, er ist den meisten als Hauptstrom der “ultra-orthodoxen” Juden.  Sie werden so genannt, aufgrund ihrer strengen Befolgung der Halacha<\/em> (des Jüdischen Gesetzes) und ihrem Folgen des jüdischen Mystizismus (cabala<\/em>).  Sie sind die fremdartigen Menschen, die du mit schwarzen Anzügen und Hüten auf der Straße gehen siehst, die ihre Bärte und Koteletten lang wachsen lassen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wir waren aber nicht so.  Meine Familie kochte und benutzte am Sabbat elektrischen Strom und ich trug keine Kippa auf meinem Kopf.  Ich wuchs in einer säkularen Umgebung auf, umgeben von nicht-jüdischen Klassenkameraden und Freunden.  Jahrelang fühlte ich mich noch schuldig, dass ich an Samstagen fuhr und kein koscher Essen zu mir nahm. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Obwohl ich nicht alle diese Regeln einhielt, fühlte ich doch einen starken Sinn dafür, dass dies der Weg ist, den Gott für mich wünschte, und jedes Mal, wenn ich eine Regel brach, beging ich in den Augen Gottes eine Sünde.  Von meinen ersten Tagen an las mir meine Mutter die Geschichten der großen Rabbiner wie Eliezar, dem Baal Shem Tov, und den Legenden von den Haggada<\/em> (einem Teil der Talmud außer dem Halacha<\/em>) und der Torah.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Alle diese Geschichten enthielten dieselbe ethische Botschaft, die mir dabei half, mich mit der jüdischen Gemeinschaft und später mit Israel zu identifizieren.  Diese Geschichten zeigten, wie die Juden in der Geschichte unterdrückt worden waren, aber Gott hat bis zum Ende immer zu Seinem Volk gestanden.  Die Geschichten, mit denen wir Juden aufgewachsen sind, zeigten uns, dass die Juden immer durch Wunder gerettet wurden, wenn sie in ihrer größten Zeit der Not waren.  Das Überleben der Juden im Laufe der Geschichte wird, aller Widrigkeiten zum Trotz, selbst als ein Wunder angesehen.   <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wenn jemand eine objektive Sichtweise dazu einnehmen will, warum die meisten Juden einen irrationalen zionistischen Standpunkt in bezug auf Israel einnehmen, dann müssen sie verstehen, wie ihnen diese Geschichten als kleine Kinder eingetrichtert worden sind.  Dies ist der Grund, aus dem Zionisten vorgeben, sie täten überhaupt nichts Falsches.  Alle goyim<\/em> (Nicht-Juden) werden als Feinde angesehen, die darauf warten, anzugreifen und daher kann ihnen nicht vertraut werden. Die jüdischen Menschen haben eine starke Verbindung unter einander und betrachten sich als das „auserwählte Volk“ Gottes.  Viele Jahre lang habe ich das selbst geglaubt. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Obwohl ich einen ausgeprägten Identitätssinn als Jude besaß, konnte ich es nicht ertragen, zu den samstäglichen Gottesdiensten (shul<\/em>) zu gehen.  Ich erinnere mich immer noch daran, dass ich als kleiner Junge gezwungen worden bin, mit meinem Vater zum shul<\/em> zu gehen.  Ich erinnere mich daran, wie furchtbar langweilig es war und wie fremd jeder aussah mit ihren schwarzen Hüten und Bärten, wenn sie in dieser fremden Sprache beteten.  Es war, als wäre man in eine andere Welt geworfen worden, weit entfernt von meinen Freunden und den Menschen, die ich kannte.  Dies war das, was ich dachte, wie ich sein sollte, doch ich (und meine Eltern) haben das chassidische Leben nie übernommen wie der Rest meiner Familie.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Als ich 13 wurde, hatte ich bar-mitzvah<\/em>, wie jeder andere jüdische Junge, der ein Mann wird.   Ich fing auch an, jeden Morgen die tefilin<\/em> (hebräische Amulette) anzulegen.  Mir wurde gesagt, es sei gefährlich, es auszulassen, denn es sei wie ein Omen und schlimme Dinge können dir geschehen.  Den ersten Tag als ich es ausgelassen habe, die tefilin<\/em> anzulegen, wurde Moms Auto gestohlen!  Dieses Ereignis animierte mich, sie lange Zeit zu tragen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Es war nur eine kurze Weile nach meinem bar-mitzvah,<\/em> dass meine Familie ganz damit aufhörte, zur Synagoge zu gehen.  Sie konnten das dreieinhalb Stunden Gebet nicht aushalten und fühlten, dass mein bar-mitzvah<\/em> das Wichtigste war.  Später ist mein Vater in einen dummen Streit mit einigen Gemeindemitgliedern geraten und es endete damit, dass wir überhaupt nicht mehr zu den Gottesdiensten gingen.  Dann geschah etwas seltsames: mein Vater wurde von einem Freund davon überzeugt, Jesus in seinem Herzen zu akzeptieren.  Gott sei dank, meine Mutter hat meinen Vater wegen seiner Konvertierung zum Christentum nicht scheiden lassen, aber sie behielt seitdem einen stillen Hass auf ihn.   <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dies war auch die Zeit meiner frühen Teenyjahre, als ich versuchte, etwas zu finden, mit dem ich mich identifizieren konnte.  Die Konvertierung meines Vaters half mir dabei, meinen Glauben zu hinterfragen.  Ich fing an, Fragen zu stellen, wie: Was ist ein Jude eigentlich genau?  Ist das Judentum eine Kultur, eine Nation oder eine Religion?  Wenn es eine Nation ist, wie konnten Juden dann Bürger zweier Nationen sein?  Wenn Judentum eine Religion ist, warum wurden die Gebete dann in hebräisch rezitiert, Gebete für Eretz Israel und die Heiligung “orientaler” Rituale?  Wenn das Judentum nur eine Kultur war, würde eine Person dann nicht damit aufhören, ein Jude zu sein, wenn er nicht mehr hebräisch spricht und die jüdischen Bräuche praktiziert?   <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wenn ein Jude nur jemand war, der die Befehle der Thora einhält, warum wird dann Abraham als der erste Jude bezeichnet, wo er doch lebte, bevor die Thora zu Moses kam?  Nebenbei bemerkt sagt die Thora nicht einmal, dass er ein Jude gewesen ist; das Wort Jude kommt einem der zwölf Söhne Jakobs , Juda.  Die Juden wurden erst als Juden bezeichnet, sein dem Königreich von Juda, das nach Salomos Zeit war.  Das Brauchtum besagt, dass derjenige ein Jude ist, dessen Mutter jüdisch war.  Also kannst du immer noch ein Jude sein, wenn du das Christentum praktizierst oder Atheist bist.  Immer mehr begann ich mich, vom Judentum zurückzuziehen.  Es gab so viele Gesetze und mitzvahs<\/em> (gute Taten) einzuhalten.  Welchen Sinn haben alle diese verschiedenen Rituale, fing ich an zu fragen.  Für mich waren alle von Menschen gemacht.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(teil 2 von 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Ich war von der Kultur der amerikanischen Eingeborenen und von ihrem Mut angesichts der weißen Siedler, die ihnen ihr Land gestohlen haben, fasziniert.  Über 250 Abkommen mit den amerikanischen Eingeborenen wurden gebrochen und ihnen wurden die schlechtesten Landstreifen geben, die niemand wollte.  Die Geschichte von den amerikanischen Eingeborenen gleicht der der Palästinenser.  Die ersten Palästinenser lebten tausende von Jahren in Palästina und plötzlich ersetzten die Juden sie und die Eingeborenen wurden gezwungen, sich in Camps zu flüchten, in denen sie immer noch leben.  Ich fragte meine Eltern, worin sich die Palästinenser von den eingeborenen Amerikanern unterscheiden, und die Antwort, die ich bekam, war „weil sie alle Juden töten und ins Meer werfen wollen.“  Mein Verständnis für das palästinensische Volk versetzte mich über jeden von den Juden, ihre Führer und Rabbis, die ich einst als weise Männer angesehen hatte.  Wie konnte irgendein guter Jude leugnen, dass Palästinenser getötet und gezwungen werden, ihr Land zu verlassen, um Platz für jüdische Siedlungen zu schaffen?  Was rechtfertigt diesen Akt der Reinigung – die Tatsache, dass viele Juden im Holocaust gestorben sind!  Oder weil die Bibel sagt, es ist “unser” Land?  Jedes Buch, das eine solche Sache rechtfertigt, wäre unmoralisch und daher nicht von Gott.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Als ich zur High School kam, interessierte ich mich für Philosophie und las viel von den großen Denkern der Vergangenheit.  Ich habe viel Zeit mit guten Freunden verbracht, die über Philosophie lasen und mit mir die holprigen Wege zur Wahrheit durchlebten.  Einer der Philosophen, der den größten Einfluss auf mich hatte, war der jüdisch geborene Spinoza.  Spinoza war ein Talmud-Student aus dem 17. Jahrhundert, der alles hinterfragte, das ihm beigebracht wurde, wie das Leben nach dem Tod, ein Glaube, den du nirgends in der Thora findest.  Tatsächlich hatten viele der frühen Juden diesen Glauben nicht.  Spinoza wurde für seine Ansichten von der jüdischen Gemeinschaft ausgestoßen.   Ich habe es genossen, seine Ansichten über die Bibel zu lesen, die wie er sagte, nicht wortwörtlich genommen werden könnte mit einer Schiffsladung von Widersprüchen und Problemen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dann las ich zwei bedeutsame Bücher, die jedes kleine bisschen Sympathie, das ich noch für das Judentum besaß, hinweg fegten.  Das erste Buch nannte sich: “On the Jewish Question” (Über die jüdische Frage) von Abram Leon.  Leon war ein kommunistischer Organisator im belgischen Untergrund während des Zweiten Weltkrieges gewesen, und war später gefangen worden und ist in Ausschwitz gestorben.   Sein Buch beantwortete eine uralte Frage: Warum haben die Juden so lange überlebt?  Er gab eine hervorragende historische Darstellung der Juden vom Zeitalter der Antike an bis zur modernen Zeit und zeigt, dass ihr Überleben keinesfalls ein Wunder gewesen ist.  Nach den Worten von Karl Marx: „Die Juden haben nicht trotz der Geschichte überlebt, sondern wegen ihr.“  Zuerst zeigt er, wie viel von der jüdischen Gemeinschaft nach ihren eigenen Angaben Jerusalem vor der Zerstörung verlassen hat.  Dann erklärt er, dass die Juden für die Könige und Edelmänner im Mittelalter wegen ihres Status als Vermittler vom Wert gewesen sind.  Dann zeigt er, wie der Status des Juden während des Prozesses der kapitalistischen Akkumulation schließlich einen Rückschlag erlitt und wie sie nachfolgend wegen ihres Wuchers verfolgt wurden.    <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Das zweite Buch, das mich sehr ansprach, war: “Who Wrote the Bible?” (Wer schrieb die Bibel) von Elliot Freedman.  Es nimmt die historische Aufgabe Spinozas wieder auf.  Das Buch beweist, dass die Thora tatsächlich von vier verschiedenen Menschen geschrieben worden war.  Freedman erklärt uns, dass es ursprünglich zwei unterschiedliche traditionelle Berichte vom Königreich Jerusalem und Juda gab und dass ein Verfasser sie so verknüpft hat, wie wir sie in der heutigen Bibel finden.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Neben den Philosophien, die ich mit meinen Freunden las, haben wir auch viele politische Anliegen in unserer Jugend aufgenommen.  Wie experimentierten mit allem vom Republikanismus bis hin zum Kommunismus.  Ich las alle Werke von Marx, Lenin, Stalin, Mao und Trotzki.  Ich fand im Marxismus das, was ich fühlte, dass es mir in meinem Leben fehlte.  Ich glaubte, dass ich alle die Antworten auf jede Sache gefunden hätte, und ich fühlte mich intellektuell jedem überlegen.  Die Philosophie-Banditen (wie ich uns gerne nenne) trafen uns und bildeten unseren eigenen kleinen sozialistischen Klub.  Wir gingen zu verschiedenen aktivistischen Veranstaltungen wie Protesten und Laborstreiks. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Nachdem wir alle möglichen Kultgruppen getroffen hatten, die die politische Linke Amerikas säumten, waren wir alle angewidert von der Art, wie sie agierten und die Realität leugneten.   Von Leuten dieser Art wird keine Revolution in einem Land gemacht werden.  Der Kampf um soziale Veränderungen kann nicht gewonnen werden, wenn man die Methoden der Vergangenheit anwendet. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Auch wenn ich den Kampf für eine Revolution aufgegeben hatte, wurde ich doch ein aktiver pro-palästinensischer Organisator.  Dies ist ein Grund über den ich sehr leidenschaftlich war.  Wir waren sehr wenige und wurden vom Hauptstrom attackiert, was mir einen Sinn von Stolz vermittelte.  Ich wollte, dass die Welt weiß, dass nicht alle Juden schlechte Menschen sind.  Es beschämte mich, Leute zu sehen, zu denen ich einst aufgeblickt habe, die das aggressive Regime in Israel unterstützen.  Die Lügen, die von Israel kommen, sind nicht weniger schlimm wie das Leugnen des Holocaust. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Obwohl ich das Judentum aufgegeben hatte und diese Welt als das ultimative Ziel des Menschen betrachtete, war ich nie ein wirklicher Atheist gewesen.  Allerdings hatte ich einen starken Hass auf alle Religionen und glaubte, dass sie ein Werkzeug der zuständigen Menschen war, um alle anderen Menschen unter Kontrolle zu halten.  Wenn du siehst, wie die fundamentalistischen Christen in Amerika agieren, die Wissenschaft verleugnen und die Werte der alten weißen Männer aufrecht halten, dann kannst du verstehen, warum ich allen Religionen gegenüber skeptisch war.  Die Art, wie die Juden den Palästinensern gegenüber handelten, half auch nicht.  Trotz alledem glaubte ich noch ganz weit im Hinterkopf an Gott.  Doch ohne Religion hatte ich eine gewaltige Leere in mir.  Manchmal wünschte ich mir sogar, dass ich eine religiöse Person wäre, denn ich fühlte, dass sie glücklicher lebten. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ehrlich gesagt, ich erinnere mich nicht mehr daran, was mein Interesse am Islam geweckt hat, insbesondere nach den vielen Jahren anti-religiöser Gefühle.  Als ich ein Kind gewesen bin, hat meine Mutter vom Islam gesprochen und davon, wie Muhammad, Gottes Segen und Frieden seien auf ihm, den Selben Gott anbetete wie wir und auch davon, dass die Araber über Abraham mit uns verwandt sind.  Also habe ich den Islam irgendwie als eine weitere Religion anerkannt, die Gott anbetet.  Ich habe eine dämmerige Erinnerung an meinen Cousin (einen Chassiden), der mir gesagt hatte, dass wenn ein Jude sein Leben als Jude aufgibt und wie ein Muslim lebt, dann würde er überhaupt keine Sünde begehen!  Rückblickend bin ich erstaunt, so etwas gehört zu haben. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Nach den Geschehnissen vom 11. September gab es eine Woge von anti-islamischer Propaganda in den Nachrichten.  Von Anfang an wusste ich, dass dies alles Lügen waren, denn ich hatte längst die Perspektive entwickelt, dass alles in den Medien die Interessen derer schützt, die sie kontrollieren.  Als ich sah, dass die militantesten Menschen, die den Islam attackierten, fundamentalistische Christen waren, fing der Islam für mich an, anziehender zu werden.  Ich danke Gott für das, was ich in meinen Aktivistentagen gelernt habe, denn ohne Wissen von der Gesellschaft und den Medien hätte ich all den Müll geglaubt, den ich im Fernsehen über den Islam gehört habe. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ich erinnere mich daran, wie ich eines Tages jemanden über die wissenschaftlichen Fakten in der Bibel sprechen hörte und da fragte ich mich, ob der Qur´an irgend welche wissenschaftlichen Fakten enthält.  Ich suchte im Internet, und ich entdeckte eine Menge erstaunliche Dinge.  Daraufhin habe ich viel Zeit damit verbracht, Artikel über verschiedene Aspekte des Islam zu konsumieren.  Ich war überrascht, wie logisch folgerichtig der Qur´an war.  Als ich den Qur´an las, verglich ich seine moralische Botschaft mit dem, was ich aus der Bibel gelernt hatte und verstand, wie viel besser er war.  Auch war der Qur´an nicht annähernd so langweilig zu lesen wie die Bibel.  Es macht Spaß, darin zu lesen.  Nach etwa fünf Monaten intensivem Studiums sprach ich meine Shahada<\/em> aus und wurde offiziell Muslim. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Anders als meine alte Religion, ergibt alles im Islam einen Sinn.  All die Praktiken wie das Gebet und Ramadhan habe ich bereits verstanden.  Obwohl ich mir den Islam wie das Judentum vorstellte, bei dem man eine Reihe verschiedener Regeln dogmatisch befolgt, lag ich falsch.  Mein Verständnis von der Welt deckte sich mit allem, was der Islam mich lehrte – dass alle Religionen grundsätzlich gleich sind, aber von den Menschen im Laufe der Zeit verändert worden waren.  Gott hat keinen Namen gegeben wie das Judentum und das Christentum und hat den Menschen befohlen, ihn anzubeten.  Gott hat den Menschen nur den Islam gelehrt; das ist die Hingabe zu Gott.  Es ist ganz klar und simpel.    <\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Melech Yacov, ex-judeu, EUA<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

<\/h1>\r\n

 (parte 1 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Quando nasci recebi o nome hebraico de Melech Yacov.  Hoje continuo morando na área em que nasci, em Nova Iorque.  Éramos uma família semirreligiosa; pertencíamos a uma congregação chassídica a qual íamos todos os sábados, mas não respeitávamos todas as observâncias estritas exigidas no Judaísmo chassídico.  Para aqueles que não sabem, o chassidismo é conhecido como Judaísmo “ultra ortodoxo”.  São chamados assim por causa de suas observâncias estritas da Halacha<\/em> (lei judaica) e por seguirem o misticismo judaico (cabala<\/em>).  São as pessoas estranhas que você vê andando na rua usando ternos e chapéus pretos e deixando suas barbas e costeletas bem longas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Entretanto, não éramos assim.  Minha família cozinhava e usava eletricidade no Sabbath e eu não usava um yarmulke na minha cabeça.  Além disso, cresci em um ambiente secular, cercado por colegas de escolas e amigos não judeus.  Por muitos anos continuava a me sentir culpado por dirigir aos sábados e comer alimentos não-kosher.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Embora não observasse todas as normas tinha, entretanto, um forte senso de ser esse o caminho que Deus queria que vivesse e, assim, toda vez que omitia uma norma, estava cometendo pecado aos olhos de Deus.  Desde pequeno minha mãe lia para mim as histórias de grandes rabinos como Eliezar, o Baal Shem Tov e as lendas da Haggada<\/em> (parte do Talmude além da Halacha<\/em>) e o Torá.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Todas essas histórias tinham a mesma mensagem ética que me ajudou na identificação com a comunidade judaica e, posteriormente, com Israel.  As histórias mostravam como os judeus foram oprimidos ao longo da história, mas como Deus sempre ficou do lado de Seu povo até o fim.  As histórias com as quais nós judeus crescemos nos mostravam que milagres sempre salvaram os judeus, toda vez em que estiveram em seus maiores momentos de necessidade.  A sobrevivência dos judeus ao longo da história, apesar das probabilidades em contrário, é vista como um milagre por si só.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Se uma pessoa quiser uma visão objetiva de por que a maioria dos judeus tem uma posição sionista irracional em relação a Israel, deve entender a forma como foram doutrinados com essas histórias desde criança.  É por isso que os sionistas fazem de conta que não estão fazendo nada de errado.  Todos os góis (gentios) são vistos como inimigos esperando para atacar e, dessa forma, não são confiáveis.  O povo judeu tem um vínculo muito forte entre si e se vê como o “povo escolhido” de Deus.  Por muitos anos eu mesmo acreditei nisso.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Embora tivesse um forte sentido de identidade como judeu, não aguentava ir aos serviços religiosos (shul<\/em>) aos sábados.  Ainda me lembro de, quando menino, ser forçado a ir ao shul<\/em> com meu pai.  Lembro o quanto era terrivelmente entediante para mim e como todos pareciam estranhos em seus chapéus pretos e barbas orando em um idioma estrangeiro.  Era como ser jogado em um mundo diferente, longe de meus amigos e pessoas que conhecia.  Isso era o que eu achava de deveria ser, mas eu (e meus pais) nunca adotei a vida chassídica como o resto de minha família.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Quando fiz 13 anos, tive um bar mitzvah<\/em> como todo menino judeu que se torna um homem.  Também comecei a usar tefilin<\/em> (amuletos hebreus) todas as manhãs.  Disseram que era perigoso não colocá-los porque era como um agouro e coisas ruins podiam acontecer a você.  No primeiro dia que não usei o tefilin<\/em> o carro de minha mãe foi roubado! Aquele evento me encorajou a usá-lo por muito tempo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Pouco depois do meu bar mitzvah<\/em> minha família parou de vez de ir à sinagoga.  Não conseguiam aguentar três horas e meia de oração e achavam que terem feito meu bar mitzvah<\/em> era o mais importante.  Posteriormente meu pai se envolveu em uma discussão boba com alguns membros da congregação e paramos de ir aos serviços religiosos.  Então algo estranho aconteceu: meu pai foi convencido por um amigo a aceitar Jesus em seu coração.  Pela vontade de Deus minha mãe não se divorciou do meu pai por conta de sua conversão ao Cristianismo, mas manteve um ódio silencioso a isso desde então.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Também foi um período no início de minha adolescência em que procurei buscar algo com o que me identificar.  A conversão de meu pai me ajudou a questionar minhas próprias crenças.  Comecei a fazer perguntas como: O que é exatamente um judeu?  O Judaísmo é uma cultura, uma nação ou uma religião?  Se é uma nação, então como os judeus podem ser cidadãos de duas nações?  Se o Judaísmo é uma religião, por que as orações são recitadas em hebraico, orações para Eretz Israel e observância de rituais “orientais”?  Se o Judaísmo é apenas uma cultura, a pessoa não deixaria de ser judia se parasse de falar hebraico e praticar os costumes judaicos?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Se um judeu é aquele que observa os mandamentos do Torá, por que Abraão é chamado de o primeiro judeu se viveu antes do Torá descer para Moisés?  A propósito, o Torá não diz que ele era judeu; a palavra judeu vem do nome de um dos 12 filhos de Jacó, Judá.  Os judeus não eram chamados de judeus até o reino de Judá ser estabelecido, depois da época de Salomão.  A tradição diz que um judeu é aquele cuja mãe era judia.  Então, você pode continuar sendo um judeu se praticar o Cristianismo ou o ateísmo.  Cada vez mais comecei a me afastar do Judaísmo.  Havia muitas leis e mitzvahs<\/em> (boas ações) para observar.  Qual o sentido de todos esses rituais diferentes, comecei a me questionar.  Para mim eram todos feitos pelo homem.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (parte 2 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Estava fascinado com a cultura nativa americana e sua bravura diante dos colonos brancos que roubaram suas terras.  Os nativos americanos tiveram mais de 250 tratados quebrados e receberam as piores faixas de terra que ninguém queria.  A história dos nativos americanos é semelhante a dos palestinos.  Os primeiros palestinos estavam morando na Palestina por milhares de anos e, de repente, os judeus os substituíram e os nativos foram forçados a ficar em campos de refugiados, nos quais ainda vivem.  Perguntei aos meus pais em que os palestinos eram diferentes dos nativos americanos e a única resposta recebida foi “por que querem matar todos os judeus e jogá-los no mar.”  Meu entendimento do povo palestino me colocou acima de todos os judeus, seus líderes e rabinos que antes via como sábios.  Como um bom judeu podia negar que os palestinos eram mortos e expulsos de suas terras para abrir caminho para assentamentos judaicos?  O que justifica esse ato de limpeza étnica - o fato de que muitos judeus morreram no Holocausto! Ou é por que a Bíblia diz que é “nossa” terra?  Qualquer livro que justifica uma coisa dessas seria imoral e, portanto, não viria de Deus.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Quando entrei no segundo grau me interessei por filosofia e li muitos dos grandes pensadores do passado.  Passei tempo com bons amigos que liam filosofia e que caminharam comigo os caminhos acidentados para a Verdade.  Um dos filósofos que teve impacto sobre mim foi o nascido judeu Spinoza.  Spinoza era um estudante do Talmude do século 17 que questionou tudo que lhe foi ensinado como a crença na vida após a morte, uma crença que não existe em nenhum lugar no Torá.  De fato, muitos dos judeus primitivos não tinham essa crença.  Spinoza foi expulso da comunidade judaica por causa de suas opiniões.  Gostei de ler suas opiniões sobre a Bíblia, que segundo ele não podia ser entendida literalmente sem uma enorme quantidade de contradições e problemas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Então li dois livros significativos que eliminaram completamente qualquer simpatia que ainda restasse pelo Judaísmo.  O primeiro livro se chamava “On the Jewish Question” (Sobre a questão judaica<\/em>, em tradução livre) de Abram Leon.  Leon era um organizador comunista clandestino na Bélgica durante a Segunda Guerra e posteriormente foi capturado e morto em Auschwitz.  Seu livro respondeu a antiga questão: Por que os judeus sobreviveram por tanto tempo?  Ele deu um relato histórico soberbo dos judeus da época da Antiguidade até os dias modernos e mostra como sua sobrevivência não foi um milagre.  Nas palavras de Karl Marx “Não foi apesar da história que os judeus sobreviveram, mas por causa dela.” Primeiro, ele mostra quanto da comunidade judaica deixou Israel por vontade própria antes da destruição de Jerusalém.  Então explica que os judeus eram valiosos para os reis e nobres da idade média por causa de sua condição como intermediários.  Depois mostra como durante o processo de acumulação capitalista o status dos judeus finalmente tomou um rumo descendente, sendo subsequentemente perseguidos por sua usura.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O segundo livro que me afetou muito se chamava “Who Wrote the Bible?” (Quem escreveu a Bíblia<\/em>, em tradução livre) de Elliot Freedman.  Assume a tarefa histórica de Spinoza.  O livro prova que o Torá foi de fato escrito por 4 pessoas diferentes.  Freedman nos explica que havia 2 relatos tradicionais diferentes do reino de Israel e Judá e que um redator entrelaçou-os para chegar à Bíblia que temos hoje.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Além de ler filosofia com meus amigos, também assumimos muitas causas políticas diferentes em nossa juventude.  Experimentamos de tudo, de Republicanismo a Comunismo.  Li todos os trabalhos de Marx, Lenin, Stalin, Mao e Trotsky.  Encontrei no Marxismo o que sentia que estava faltando em minha vida.  Acreditava que tinha encontrado todas as respostas para tudo e, assim, sentia-me intelectualmente superior a todos.  Os bandidos da filosofia (como eu gostava de nos chamar) se reuniam e formaram seu próprio clubinho socialista.  Íamos a eventos ativistas diferentes, como protestos e greves trabalhistas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Depois de encontrar todos os diferentes grupos cult que cercavam a esquerda política na América, todos ficamos desgostosos com a forma como agiam e negavam a realidade.  Não seria feita nenhuma revolução em um país com esse tipo de pessoas.  A luta por mudança social não pode ser ganha com métodos do passado.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Embora tivesse desistido de lutar por revolução, tornei-me um organizador ativo a favor dos palestinos.  Essa era a causa principal pela qual era muito apaixonado.  Éramos muito pequenos e atacados pela maioria, o que me orgulhava.  Queria que o mundo soubesse que nem todos os judeus são pessoas ruins.  Fico envergonhado em ver pessoas que uma vez admirei apoiar o regime agressivo de Israel.  As mentiras que vêm de Israel não são nada além de negação de um holocausto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Embora tivesse desistido do Judaísmo e olhasse para esse mundo como o objetivo supremo do homem, nunca fui de fato um ateu.  Entretanto, tinha um forte ódio de todas as religiões e acreditava que era uma ferramenta das pessoas encarregada de manter todos sob controle.  Quando você vê a forma como os cristãos fundamentalistas agem na América, fazendo coisas como negar a ciência e se apegar aos valores dos antigos brancos, pode entender por que eu era cético com todas as religiões.  A forma como os judeus agiam em relação à Palestina também não ajudava.  Entretanto, continuava acreditando em Deus no fundo da minha mente.  Mas sem a religião, ficou um grande vazio em mim.  Às vezes até desejava ser uma pessoa religiosa, porque sentia que tinham vidas mais felizes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Honestamente não me lembro do que despertou meu interesse no Islã, especialmente depois de muitos anos de forte sentimento antirreligioso.  Quando criança, lembro-me de ouvir minha mãe falando sobre o Islã e como Muhammad, que a misericórdia e bênçãos de Deus estejam sobre ele, adorava o mesmo Deus que nós e também como os judeus eram relacionados aos árabes através de Abraão.  Então, de certa forma aceitei o Islã como apenas outra religião que adora Deus.  Tenho uma vaga memória de meu primo (um chassida) que me disse que se um judeu abrisse mão de sua vida como judeu e vivesse como um muçulmano, não estaria cometendo pecado algum! Olhando para trás, fico abismado de ter ouvido tal coisa.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Quando aconteceu o 11 de setembro, houve um aumento na propaganda anti-islâmica nos noticiários.  Desde o início sabia que era tudo mentira, porque já tinha desenvolvido a perspectiva de que tudo na mídia protege os interesses dos que a controlam.  Quando vi que os mais militantes no ataque ao Islã eram cristãos fundamentalistas, o Islã começou a me parecer mais atraente.  Agradeço a Deus pelo que aprendi em meus dias de ativista, porque sem o conhecimento da sociedade e da mídia, teria acreditado em todo o lixo que ouvia sobre o Islã na televisão.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Um dia, lembro-me de ouvir alguém falando sobre fatos científicos na Bíblia e me perguntei se o Alcorão continha fatos científicos.  Fiz uma busca na internet e descobri muitas coisas surpreendentes.  Subsequentemente passei muito tempo consumindo artigos sobre vários aspectos do Islã.  Fiquei surpreso com o quanto o Alcorão era consistente logicamente.  Enquanto lia o Alcorão, comparava sua mensagem moral com a que aprendi da Bíblia e entendi o quanto melhor ela era.  Além disso, o Alcorão não era entediante como a leitura da Bíblia.  É divertido de ler.  Depois de 5 meses de estudo intenso disse minha shahada<\/em> e me tornei oficialmente muçulmano.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ao contrário de minha antiga religião, tudo no Islã faz sentido.  Todas as práticas como a oração e o Ramadã eu já compreendia.  Embora imaginasse que o Islã era como o Judaísmo, no qual se segue uma série de regras diferentes de forma dogmática, estava enganado.  Minha compreensão do mundo também era compatível com o que o Islã me ensinava - que todas as religiões são basicamente a mesma, mas foram corrompidas pelo homem ao passar do tempo.  Deus não fez um nome chamado Judaísmo e Cristianismo.  Deus ensinou às pessoas apenas o Islã; que é submissão somente a Ele.  É claro e simples.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":8997,"lft":2708,"rght":2709,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-24T03:50:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-03T09:26:12.000000Z","language_id":15,"user_id":7,"author_id":2226,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":1461,"author_name":"Melech Yacov","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-08-24","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Melech Yacov, ex-judeu, EUA.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Melech Yacov, ex-judeu, EUA.docx"},{"id":1466,"title":"\u30e1\u30ec\u30af\u30fb\u30e4\u30b3\u30f4\u3000\u7c73\u56fd\u51fa\u8eab\u306e\u5143\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\uff08\u524d\u534a\uff09","slug":"-dgage","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Melech Yacov, ex-judeu, EUA.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Melech Yacov, ex-judeu, EUA.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:-dgage","hint":"","body":"

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\u306a\u305c\u5927\u534a\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u30b7\u30aa\u30cb\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u306e\u304b\u304c\u77e5\u308a\u305f\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u304c\u5e7c\u5c11\u306e\u9803\u304b\u3089\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u3092\u5439\u304d\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30b7\u30aa\u30cb\u30b9\u30c8\u305f\u3061\u304c\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4f55\u3082\u60aa\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u632f\u821e\u3046\u306e\u306f\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30b4\u30a4\u30e0\uff08\u975e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\uff09\u305f\u3061\u306f\u7686\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u3078\u306e\u653b\u6483\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u3046\u304b\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6575\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4fe1\u7528\u7f6e\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u306f\u304a\u4e92\u3044\u3078\u306e\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5f37\u3044\u7d50\u675f\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u3092\u795e\u306e\u300c\u9078\u6c11\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u81ea\u8eab\u3001\u9577\u5e74\u306b\u6e21\u3063\u3066\u305d\u3046\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u79c1\u306f\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u81ea\u899a\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30b7\u30ca\u30b4\u30fc\u30b0\u306b\u571f\u66dc\u793c\u62dd\u306b\u884c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5acc\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5c11\u5e74\u6642\u4ee3\u3001\u7236\u89aa\u304b\u3089\u7121\u7406\u3084\u308a\u30b7\u30ca\u30b4\u30fc\u30b0\u306b\u9023\u308c\u3066\u884c\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3092\u672a\u3060\u306b\u899a\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3053\u306f\u6050\u308d\u3057\u304f\u9000\u5c48\u3067\u3001\u7686\u304c\u9ed2\u3044\u5e3d\u5b50\u3068\u9aed\u3068\u3044\u3046\u683c\u597d\u306e\u4e2d\u3001\u5916\u56fd\u8a9e\u3067\u7948\u308a\u3092\u6367\u3052\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u304c\u3068\u3066\u3082\u5947\u5999\u306b\u611f\u3058\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u6163\u308c\u89aa\u3057\u3093\u3060\u4e16\u754c\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7a81\u7136\u898b\u77e5\u3089\u306c\u5916\u56fd\u306b\u653e\u308a\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u611f\u899a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u305d\u3046\u3042\u308b\u3079\u304d\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\uff08\u79c1\u306e\u4e21\u89aa\u540c\u69d8\u3001\uff09\u30cf\u30b7\u30c7\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u6d3e\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u79c1\u304c13\u6b73\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u306e\u5c11\u5e74\u305f\u3061\u540c\u69d8\u3001\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30df\u30c4\u30ef\u30fc\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6210\u4eba\u5f0f\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6bce\u671d\u30c6\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30f3\uff08\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u306e\u304a\u5b88\u308a\uff09\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4e0d\u5409\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u60aa\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u5371\u967a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u521d\u3081\u3066\u30c6\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30f3\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u65e5\u3001\u306a\u3093\u3068\u6bcd\u306e\u8eca\u304c\u76d7\u96e3\u88ab\u5bb3\u306b\u4f1a\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3082\u3001\u79c1\u306f\u9577\u304d\u306b\u6e21\u3063\u3066\u305d\u308c\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u7d9a\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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10\u4ee3\u524d\u534a\u3060\u3063\u305f\u79c1\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9803\u304b\u3089\u4f55\u304b\u5171\u611f\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u63a2\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7236\u306e\u6539\u5b97\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u7591\u554f\u3092\u62b1\u304b\u305b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u3068\u306f\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u306f\u3069\u3093\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300d\u300c\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u3068\u306f\u6587\u5316\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u5b97\u6559\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300d\u300c\u305d\u308c\u304c\u56fd\u5bb6\u3092\u6307\u3059\u306e\u306a\u3089\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u304c2\u3064\u306e\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u5e02\u6c11\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u306e\u304b\u300d\u300c\u305d\u308c\u304c\u5b97\u6559\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306a\u3089\u3001\u306a\u305c\u793c\u62dd\u306f\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u3067\u5531\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u30a8\u30ec\u30c4\u30fb\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u306e\u793c\u62dd\u3084\u3001\u300e\u6771\u65b9\u306e\u5100\u5f0f\u300f\u3092\u884c\u3046\u306e\u304b\u300d\u300c\u305d\u308c\u304c\u305f\u3060\u306e\u6587\u5316\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3001\u3082\u3057\u8ab0\u304b\u304c\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u3092\u4f7f\u308f\u305a\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u306e\u6163\u7fd2\u3092\u8f9e\u3081\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3048\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u306f\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7591\u554f\u3092\u62b1\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u3082\u3057\u3082\u3001\u30c8\u30fc\u30e9\u30fc\u306e\u6212\u5f8b\u3092\u5b88\u308b\u306e\u304c\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u306a\u3089\u3001\u306a\u305c\u30e2\u30fc\u30bc\u306b\u30c8\u30fc\u30e9\u30fc\u304c\u4e0b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u308a\u3082\u524d\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u751f\u304d\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u304c\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u3060\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f\u3000\u3064\u3044\u3067\u306b\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30c8\u30fc\u30e9\u30fc\u306f\u5f7c\u3092\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a00\u53ca\u3059\u3089\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u79f0\u306f\u3001\u30e4\u30b3\u30d6\u306e12\u5b50\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u306b\u56e0\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u306f\u3001\u30bd\u30ed\u30e2\u30f3\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u738b\u56fd\u304c\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u306f\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u3068\u306f\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u306e\u6bcd\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8005\u304c\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3086\u3048\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u3084\u7121\u795e\u8ad6\u3092\u5b9f\u8df5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u3068\u3057\u3066\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u3069\u3093\u3069\u3093\u3068\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u304b\u3089\u96e2\u308c\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3053\u306b\u306f\u5f93\u3046\u3079\u304d\u6212\u5f8b\u3084\u30df\u30c4\u30ef\u30fc\uff08\u5584\u884c\uff09\u304c\u591a\u3059\u304e\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5100\u793c\u306e\u610f\u7fa9\u3068\u306f\u4e00\u4f53\u4f55\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3068\u79c1\u306f\u554f\u3044\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306f\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\uff08\u5f8c\u534a\uff09<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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\u79c1\u306f\u9ad8\u6821\u751f\u306e\u3068\u304d\u306b\u54f2\u5b66\u306b\u8208\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3061\u59cb\u3081\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5049\u5927\u306a\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u305f\u3061\u306e\u8457\u66f8\u3092\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u54f2\u5b66\u66f8\u3092\u611b\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u826f\u304d\u53cb\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u3068\u6642\u9593\u3092\u904e\u3054\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u3068\u306f\u771f\u5b9f\u3078\u306e\u82e6\u96e3\u306e\u9053\u3092\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u6b69\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u54f2\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u3068\u3057\u3066\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u30b9\u30d4\u30ce\u30b6\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30b9\u30d4\u30ce\u30b6\u306f17\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u30bf\u30eb\u30e0\u30fc\u30c9\u795e\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3001\uff08\u30c8\u30fc\u30e9\u30fc\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3069\u3053\u306b\u3082\u898b\u53d7\u3051\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u6765\u4e16\u3078\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306a\u3069\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u3001\u6559\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306e\u5168\u3066\u306b\u7591\u554f\u3092\u62b1\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u521d\u671f\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u306f\u305d\u3046\u3057\u305f\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff08\u6765\u4e16\u3078\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff09\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30b9\u30d4\u30ce\u30b6\u306f\u305d\u306e\u601d\u60f3\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u304b\u3089\u8ffd\u653e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u6301\u3064\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u306f\u6570\u591a\u304f\u306e\u77db\u76fe\u3068\u8af8\u554f\u984c\u3092\u62b1\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u53d7\u3051\u6b62\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069\u51fa\u6765\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u79c1\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u3078\u306e\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306b\u6b8b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5171\u611f\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6255\u62ed\u3055\u305b\u305f\u30012\u518a\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6700\u521d\u306e\u672c\u306f\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u30fb\u30ec\u30aa\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u300cOn the Jewish Question\uff08\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u306e\u7591\u554f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30ec\u30aa\u30f3\u306f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6226\u6642\u306b\u30d9\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3067\u5171\u7523\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u306e\u5730\u4e0b\u7d44\u7e54\u3092\u7d50\u6210\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u306b\u62ff\u6355\u3055\u308c\u30a2\u30a6\u30b7\u30e5\u30f4\u30a3\u30c3\u30c4\u3067\u6b7b\u3093\u3060\u4eba\u7269\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u672c\u306f\u300c\u306a\u305c\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u306f\u751f\u304d\u9577\u3089\u3048\u3066\u304d\u305f\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9577\u5e74\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7591\u554f\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u53e4\u4ee3\u304b\u3089\u8fd1\u4ee3\u306b\u6e21\u308b\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u5831\u544a\u3092\u6319\u3052\u3001\u305d\u306e\u751f\u5b58\u304c\u5947\u8de1\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ab\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30de\u30eb\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u501f\u308a\u308b\u3068\u3001\u300c\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u751f\u304d\u6b8b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u304a\u304b\u3052\u3067\u751f\u304d\u6b8b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d\u307e\u305a\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30eb\u30b5\u30ec\u30e0\u306e\u7834\u58ca\u524d\u306b\u3069\u308c\u7a0b\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u304c\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u610f\u601d\u3067\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u3092\u53bb\u3063\u305f\u306e\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e2d\u4e16\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u541b\u4e3b\u3084\u8cb4\u65cf\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u304c\u4ef2\u4ecb\u4eba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8cb4\u91cd\u306a\u5b58\u5728\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u8cc7\u672c\u84c4\u7a4d\u306e\u904e\u7a0b\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3001\u3044\u304b\u306b\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u306e\u5730\u4f4d\u304c\u4e0b\u964d\u7dda\u3092\u8fbf\u308a\u3001\u3084\u304c\u3066\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u3057\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8feb\u5bb3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306b\u81f3\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u79c1\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f2\u518a\u76ee\u306e\u672c\u306f\u3001\u30ea\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30a8\u30ea\u30aa\u30c3\u30c8\u30fb\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30de\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u300cWho Wrote the Bible?\uff08\u90a6\u984c\uff1a\u65e7\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u3092\u63a8\u7406\u3059\u308b\u2015\u672c\u5f53\u306f\u8ab0\u304c\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u304b\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u30b9\u30d4\u30ce\u30b6\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u547d\u984c\u3092\u5f8c\u7d99\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30c8\u30fc\u30e9\u30fc\u304c\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f4\u4eba\u306e\u624b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8a3c\u660e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30de\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u53e4\u4ee3\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u738b\u56fd\u3068\u30e6\u30c0\u738b\u56fd\u306b\u3088\u308b2\u3064\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u306e\u4f1d\u627f\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u7de8\u7e82\u8005\u304c\u305d\u308c\u30892\u3064\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u624b\u5143\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u306e\u5f62\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u53cb\u9054\u3068\u54f2\u5b66\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aad\u3080\u3053\u3068\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u3082\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u304b\u3089\u5171\u7523\u4e3b\u7fa9\u307e\u3067\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5b9f\u9a13\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u30de\u30eb\u30af\u30b9\u3001\u30ec\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u3001\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u3001\u6bdb\u6ca2\u6771\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30c8\u30ed\u30c4\u30ad\u30fc\u306e\u5168\u8457\u4f5c\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u30de\u30eb\u30ad\u30b7\u30ba\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4eba\u751f\u306b\u6b20\u3051\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3092\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7b54\u3048\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u3068\u601d\u3044\u8fbc\u307f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u4ed6\u4eba\u3088\u308a\u3082\u512a\u308c\u305f\u77e5\u80fd\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u611f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u300c\u54f2\u5b66\u56e3\uff08\u3068\u79c1\u304c\u547c\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u96c6\u307e\u308a\uff09\u300d\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u3067\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u793e\u4ea4\u30af\u30e9\u30d6\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u8272\u3005\u306a\u793e\u4f1a\u904b\u52d5\u5bb6\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3084\u6297\u8b70\u96c6\u4f1a\u3001\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30a4\u30ad\u306a\u3069\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u5de6\u7ffc\u56e3\u4f53\u304c\u53d6\u308a\u56f2\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u30ab\u30eb\u30c8\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u3068\u51fa\u4f1a\u3063\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u7686\u3001\u771f\u5b9f\u3092\u62d2\u7d76\u3057\u305f\u884c\u3044\u3092\u3059\u308b\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u300c\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u3044\u308b\u56fd\u5bb6\u3067\u306f\u9769\u547d\u306a\u3069\u8d77\u304d\u3084\u3057\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u5acc\u60aa\u611f\u3092\u62b1\u304f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u306b\u983c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5909\u5316\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u95d8\u4e89\u306b\u52dd\u3064\u3053\u3068\u306f\u51fa\u6765\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u79c1\u306f\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u3092\u68c4\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u4e16\u3053\u305d\u304c\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u76ee\u6a19\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u7121\u795e\u8ad6\u8005\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u79c1\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8af8\u5b97\u6559\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u618e\u60aa\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306f\u6a29\u529b\u8005\u304c\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u76e3\u8996\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u9053\u5177\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u53e4\u3044\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u4fa1\u5024\u89b3\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u539f\u7406\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306e\u884c\u3044\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u306a\u305c\u79c1\u304c\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u5b97\u6559\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u61d0\u7591\u7684\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304b\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u304c\u30d1\u30ec\u30b9\u30c1\u30ca\u4eba\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3057\u305f\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306b\u62cd\u8eca\u3092\u304b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u982d\u306e\u7247\u9685\u3067\u306f\u307e\u3060\u795e\u3092\u4fe1\u3058\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3092\u306a\u304f\u3057\u305f\u79c1\u306f\u5927\u304d\u306a\u7a7a\u865a\u611f\u306b\u3068\u3089\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6642\u306b\u306f\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u306a\u4eba\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u3001\u5e78\u798f\u306a\u4eba\u751f\u3092\u9001\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u611f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u305f\u7a0b\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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9\u30fb11\u4e8b\u4ef6\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u53cd\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u7684\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30ac\u30f3\u30c0\u304c\u6025\u5897\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u6700\u521d\u304b\u3089\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3059\u3079\u3066\u304c\u5618\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u652f\u914d\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u5229\u6a29\u3092\u4fdd\u8b77\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u65e2\u306b\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6700\u3082\u597d\u6226\u7684\u306a\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u539f\u7406\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6c17\u4ed8\u3044\u305f\u79c1\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u308a\u8208\u5473\u3092\u62b1\u304f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u6d3b\u52d5\u5bb6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6642\u671f\u306b\u5b66\u3093\u3060\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u795e\u306b\u611f\u8b1d\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u3068\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u306a\u304f\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\u3067\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u898b\u805e\u304d\u3057\u305f\u30b4\u30df\u3092\u5168\u3066\u4fe1\u3058\u5207\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3089\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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 <\/p>\r\n

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