{"title":"Diane Charles Breslin","author":{"id":2274,"name":"Diane Charles Breslin","slug":"diane_charles_breslin","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":"","promote":0,"status":1,"created_at":"2014-08-26T08:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2014-08-26T08:00:00.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"Diane Charles Breslin"},"books":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/esp\/api\/authors\/2274?books_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/esp\/api\/authors\/2274?books_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/esp\/api\/authors\/2274?books_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/esp\/api\/authors\/2274","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"videos":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/esp\/api\/authors\/2274?videos_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/esp\/api\/authors\/2274?videos_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/esp\/api\/authors\/2274?videos_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/esp\/api\/authors\/2274","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"audios":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/esp\/api\/authors\/2274?audios_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/esp\/api\/authors\/2274?audios_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/esp\/api\/authors\/2274?audios_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/esp\/api\/authors\/2274","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"articles":{"current_page":1,"data":[{"id":1564,"title":"Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA","slug":"diane-charles-breslin-ex-catholic-usa","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:diane-charles-breslin-ex-catholic-usa","hint":"","body":"

Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA<\/strong><\/strong><\/span>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (part 1 of 3)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

When I am asked how I became a Muslim I always reply that I always felt myself to be a believer in the ONE AND ONLY, yet I first realized what that meant when I heard about a religion called Islam, and a book called Quran.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

But let me first start with a brief synopsis of my American overwhelmingly traditional Irish Catholic background.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Catholic I was Indeed<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

My dad left the seminary after a three-year stint to train as a missionary.  He was the oldest of thirteen children, all born and raised in the Boston area.  Two of his sisters became nuns, as was his aunt on his mother’s side.  My dad’s younger brother was also in the seminary and quit after 9 years, just before taking his final vows.  My grandmother would wake at dawn to dress and climb the hill to the local church for early morning mass while the rest of the house was sleeping.  I remember her as being a very stern, kind, fair, and strong woman, and rather deep - unusual for those days.  I’m certain she never heard mention of Islam, and may God judge her as to the beliefs she held in her heart.  Many who never heard of Islam pray to the One by instinct, although they have inherited labels of various denominations from their ancestors.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I was enrolled in a Catholic nursery school at the age of four and spent the next 12 years of my life surrounded by heavy doses of trinity indoctrination.  Crosses were everywhere, all day long - on the nuns themselves, on the walls of the classroom, in church which we attended almost daily, and in almost every room of my house.  Not to mention the statues and holy pictures - everywhere you looked there was baby Jesus and his mother Mary - sometimes happy, sometimes sad, yet always classically white and Anglo featured.  Various and sundry angels and saints pictures would make their appearances, depending on the holyday approaching.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I have vivid memories picking lilacs and lilies of the valley from our yard to make bouquets which I placed in the vase at the base of the largest Mother Mary statue in the upstairs hallway next to my bedroom.  There I would kneel and pray, enjoying the pleasant scent of the freshly picked flowers and serenely contemplating on how lovely was Mary’s long flowing chestnut hair.  I can unequivocally state that I never once prayed TO HER or felt that she had any powers to help me.  The same was true when I would hold my rosary beads at night in bed.  I repeated the ritual supplications of the Our Father and the Hail Mary and the Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, all the while looking upward and saying with my true heart—I know its only You, one almighty You-I’m just saying this stuff because it’s all I ever learned.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

On my twelfth birthday, my mom gave me a Bible.  As Catholics we were not encouraged to read anything except our Baltimore Catechism, sanctioned by the Vatican.  Any comparative introspection was denied and disparaged.  Yet I fervently read, seeking to know what I hoped would be a story from and about my creator.  I got even more confused.  This book was obviously the work of men, convoluted and difficult to grasp.  Yet, once again, that’s all that was available.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

My prior faithful church attendance dropped off in my mid teens, as was the norm for my generation, and by the time I reached my twenties, I had basically no formal religion.  I read a lot on Buddhism, Hinduism and even tried out the local Baptist church for a few months.  They were not enough to hold my attention, the former too exotic and the latter too provincial.  Yet all through the years of not formally practicing, a day never passed when I didn’t “talk to god” especially as I fell asleep I would always say thanks for all my blessings and seek help for any problems I was experiencing.  It was always the same certain ONE AND ONLY whom I was addressing, sure He was listening and confident of His love and care.  No one ever taught me anything about this; it was pure instinct.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(part 2 of 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

The Others<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

It was in my preparation for my master’s degree that I first heard of the Quran.  Up until then, as most Americans, I knew only of “the Arabs” as mysterious, dark predators out to plunder our civilization.  Islam was never mentioned – only the surly, dirty Arabs, camels and tents in the desert.  As a child in religion class, I often wondered who were the other people?  Jesus walked in Caana and Galilee and Nazareth, but he had blue eyes — who were the other people?  I had a sense that there was a missing link somewhere.  In 1967 during the Arab-Israeli war, we all got our first glimpse of the other people, and they were clearly viewed by most as the enemy.  But for me, I liked them, and for no apparent reason.  I cannot to this day explain it, except to now realize that they were my Muslim brothers.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I was about 35 when I read my first page of Quran.  I opened it with the intention of a casual browse to get acquainted with the religion of the inhabitants of the region I was majoring in for my Master’s Degree.  God caused the book to fall open to Surat al-Mu’minun (The Believers) verses 52-54:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Verily, this your nation is one nation and I am your Lord so keep your duty to Me.  But they broke up their command into sects, each one rejoicing in its belief.  So leave them in their error until a time.” (Quran 23:52-54)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

From the first reading, I knew that this was certain truth- clear and forceful, revealing the essence of all humanity and verifying all I had studied as a History major.  Humanity’s pathetic rejection of the truth, their unceasing vain competition to be special and their neglectfulness of the purpose for their very existence all set forward in a few words.  Nation states, nationalities, cultures, languages – all feeling superior, when in fact, all these identities mask the only reality which we ought to rejoice in sharing- that is to serve one master, THE ONE Who created everything and Who owns everything.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I Still Love Jesus and Mary<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

As a child I used to say the phrase “Holy Mary, mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death, Amen,” found in the prayer “Hail Mary”.  I now see how much Mary has been maligned by the misrepresentation of her as the mother of the godhead.  It is quite enough to view her as chosen above all women to bear the great prophet Jesus by the Virgin Birth.  My mom would often defend her constant pleas for Mary’s help by explaining that she too was a mother and understood a mother’s sorrows.  It would be far more useful for my mom and all others to contemplate how the most pure Mary was slandered by the Jews of her time and accused of a most despicable sin, that of fornication.  Mary bore all of this, knowing that she would be vindicated by the Almighty, and that she would be given the strength to bear all of their calumnies.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This recognition of Mary’s faith and trust in God’s mercy will allow one to recognize her most exalted position among women, and at the same time remove the slander of calling her the mother of God, which is an even worse accusation than that of the Jews of her time.  As a Muslim you may love Mary and Jesus, but to love God more will gain you the Paradise, as He is the One whose rules you must obey.  He will judge you on a day when no one else can help you.  He created you, and Jesus, and his blessed mother Mary, as He created Muhammad.  All died or will die – God never dies.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Jesus (`Isa in Arabic) never once claimed to be the godhead.  Rather, he repeatedly referred to himself as being sent.  As I look back on the confusion I experienced in my youth, its root lay in the church’s claim that Jesus was more than he himself admitted.  The church fathers formulated a doctrine to invent the concept of Trinity.  It is this confused rendering of the original Torah and Injil [Gospel] (scriptures given to Moses and Jesus) which is at the core of the issue of Trinity.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In honest fact, it is enough to simply state that Jesus was a prophet, yes, a messenger who came with the word of the One Who sent him.  If we view Jesus, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, in this correct light, it’s easy to then accept Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, as his younger brother who came with the very same mission – to call all to the worship of the Almighty ONE, Who created everything and to whom we shall all return.  It is of no consequence whatsoever to debate their physical features.  Arab, Jew, Caucausian, blue or brown eyes, long or short hair – all totally irrelevant as to their importance as bearers of the message.  Whenever I think of Jesus now, after knowing about Islam, I feel that connectedness which one feels in a happy family – a family of believers.  You see Jesus was a “Muslim”, one who submits to his Lord above.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The first of the “Ten Commandments” state:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1.    I am the Lord thy God, thou shalt not have false gods before me.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2.    Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy god in vain.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Anyone who knows the correct meaning of “la ilaha ill-Allah” (there is no god but God) will immediately recognize the similarity in this testimony.  Then we can really start to bring together the real story of all the prophets and put an end to the distortions.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And they said the Most Merciful has taken a son.  Indeed you have brought forth a terrible evil thing.  Whereby the heavens are almost torn, and the earth split asunder, and the mountains fall in ruins.” (Quran 19:88-90)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(part 3 of 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

My Journey to Islam<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

It took three full years of my searching and studying Quran before I was ready to proclaim that I wanted to be a Muslim.  Of course I feared the changes in clothing and habits, such as dating and drinking to which I had become accustomed.  Music and dancing were a big part of my life, and bikinis and mini skirts were my claim to fame.  All the while I had no chance to encounter any Muslims, as there were none in my area except a few immigrants who could barely speak English an hour’s drive away at the only mosque in the state at that time.  When I would go to Friday Prayer to try and check out what I was considering, I would receive furtive glances as I was perhaps suspected of being a spy as was the case, and still is, in most Islamic gatherings.  There was not a single Muslim American available to help me and, as I said, all the immigrant population were rather chilly to say the least.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In the midst of this phase of my life, my dad died of cancer.  I was at his bedside and literally witnessed the angel of death remove his soul.  He was gripped by fear as tears rolled down his cheeks.  A life of luxury, yachts, country clubs, expensive cars … for both him and mom, all a result of interest income, and now it’s all over.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I felt a sudden desire to enter Islam quickly, while there was still time, and to change my ways and not to continue blindly seeking what I had been raised to believe to be the good life.  Shortly thereafter I came to Egypt, and involved a long slow journey through the miracle of the Arabic language and the discovery of the clear truth – God is One, the Everlasting Eternal; Who never was born or gave birth and there is nothing at all like Him.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

It is also the resulting equality between humans that attracted me most to that religion.  The Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, said that people are like teeth of a comb – all equal, the best being the most pious.  In the Quran, we are told that the best are the pious ones.  Piety involves love of and fear of God alone.  Yet before you can really be pious, you must learn who God is.  And to know Him is to love Him.  I started learning Arabic to read the word of Allah in Arabic as it was revealed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Learning the Quran has changed every facet of my life.  I no longer wish to have any earthly luxuries; neither cars nor clothes nor trips can lure me into that web of vain desires which I was so caught up in before.  I do enjoy a fairly good life of a believer; but as they say… it is no longer embedded in the heart...only at hand.  I don’t fear the loss of my former friends or relatives – if God chooses to bring them close, then so be it, but I know that God gives me exactly what I need, no more – no less.  I don’t feel anxious or sad anymore, nor do I feel regret at what has passed me by, because I’m safe in the care of God - THE ONE AND ONLY whom I always knew but didn’t know His name.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A Prayer For America<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

I pray to Almighty God to allow each and every American the opportunity to receive the message of the Oneness of God in a simple, straightforward fashion…  Americans are, for the most part, grossly uninformed in regards to correct Islamic theology.  The stress is almost always on politics, which focuses on the deeds of men.  It’s high time we concentrated on the deeds of the prophets who all came to lead us out of the darkness and into the light.  There is no doubt that darkness is prevailing in the malaise affecting America now.  The light of truth will serve us all, and whether or not one chooses to follow the Islamic path, there is no doubt that the blocking of it or the hindering of others from following it will surely lead to further misery.  I care very much for the healthy future of my country, and I’m quite certain that learning more about Islam will enhance the chances of my hopes being fulfilled.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":11881,"lft":2907,"rght":2922,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-27T00:32:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-06T08:57:39.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":2274,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"Diane Charles Breslin","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-08-27","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.docx"},{"id":1565,"title":"Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Cat\u00f3lica, Estados Unidos","slug":"diane-charles-breslin-ex-catlica-estados-unidos","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:diane-charles-breslin-ex-catlica-estados-unidos","hint":"","body":"

Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Católica, Estados Unidos<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"
<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

(parte 1 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Cuando me preguntan cómo me convertí en musulmana, respondo que siempre sentí que creía en el DIOS ÚNICO, pero recién me di cuenta de lo que eso significa al oír sobre una religión llamada “Islam”, y un libro llamado “El Corán”.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Pero permítanme comenzar con un breve resumen de mi entorno estadounidense extremadamente católico irlandés.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Fui católica<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Mi padre dejó el seminario después de un período de tres años para formarse como misionero.  Era el mayor de trece hijos, todos nacidos y criados en el área de Boston.  Dos de sus hermanas se hicieron monjas, como también una de sus tías maternas.  El hermano menor de mi padre también estaba en el seminario y abandonó después de 9 años, justo antes de tomar los votos finales.  Mi abuela se levantaba al alba para vestirse y subir la colina hasta la iglesia del pueblo para la primera misa de la mañana mientras el resto de la casa dormía.  Recuerdo que mi abuela era muy estricta, amable, bondadosa, de mucha fortaleza y muy profunda – algo inusual para esa época.  Estoy segura de que nunca había oído del Islam, y que Dios la juzgue por las creencias que tenía en su corazón.  Muchas personas que nunca han oído hablar del Islam le rezan al Único Dios por instinto, aunque han heredado diversas etiquetas de distintas denominaciones por parte de sus ancestros.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A los cuatro años, ya estaba inscripta en un jardín de infantes católico y pasé los siguientes 12 años de mi vida rodeada por altas dosis de adoctrinamiento trinitario.  Había cruces por todas partes, todo el día - incluso en las monjas, las paredes del aula, en la iglesia a la que íbamos casi a diario, y en todos los cuartos de mi casa.  Ni hablar de las figuras e imágenes sagradas - dondequiera que mirase, había un niño Jesús y su madre María - a veces felices, a veces tristes, pero siempre con la representación anglosajona tradicional, de facciones blancas.  Los ángeles también hacían su aparición, junto con los santos, según la festividad que se aproximara.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Tengo claros recuerdos de ir a recoger lilas y lirios de nuestro patio para hacer ramos que colocábamos luego en el florero al pie de la imagen de la Virgen María más grande que teníamos en casa, en el pasillo superior junto a mi cuarto.  Allí nos arrodillábamos y rezábamos, disfrutando el agradable aroma de las flores frescas y contemplando serenamente lo bello que era el cabello castaño de María.  Puedo decir sin equivocarme que nunca le recé A ELLA misma ni sentí que tenía poder alguno para ayudarme.  Al igual que cuando rezaba el rosario a la noche en la cama.  Repetía los rituales de súplica del Padre Nuestro y Ave María y el Gloria al Padre, al Hijo y al Espíritu Santo, mientras miraba hacia arriba y decía con todo mi corazón: “sé que eres solo Tú, el todopoderoso, sólo Tú, digo esto porque es lo único que aprendí”.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Cuando cumplí doce años, mi mamá me regaló una Biblia.  Como católicos, se nos alentaba a leer solamente el catecismo de Baltimore, sancionado por el Vaticano.  Toda introspección comparativa era negada y descalificada.  Pero yo leía con mucho entusiasmo, buscando saber lo que esperaba sería una historia sobre mi creador.  Pero me confundía cada vez más.  Este libro obviamente era obra de los hombres, algo confuso y difícil de entender.  Pero, una vez más, era lo único que tenía disponible.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Al promediar mi adolescencia, comencé a ir menos a la iglesia, como era la norma entre los de mi generación, y al llegar a los veinte años, prácticamente no tenía una religión formal.  Leía mucho de Budismo, Hinduismo e incluso intenté ir a la iglesia Bautista durante unos meses.  Ninguna me llamaba la atención lo suficiente, las primeras eran muy exóticas, la última, muy corriente.  Pero en todos esos años de no practicar la religión formalmente, no pasaba ni un día en que no “hablara con Dios” especialmente antes de dormir, ya que siempre le agradecía por mis bendiciones y le pedía ayuda por mis problemas.  Ciertamente, era el mismo ÚNICO Dios al que le pedía, seguramente Él escuchaba y me daba Su amor y cuidado.  Nadie me había enseñado eso, era puro instinto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(parte 2 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Los Otros<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Oí hablar por primera vez del Corán cuando me estaba preparando para obtener mi maestría.  Hasta ese entonces, como la mayoría de los estadounidenses, conocía a “los árabes” como predadores misteriosos y oscuros que pretenden arrasar con nuestra civilización.  El Islam nunca era mencionado – solo los árabes sucios, los camellos y las tiendas en el desierto.  Cuando era niña y estábamos en clase de religión, me preguntaba quiénes eran las otras personas.  Jesús caminó por Canaán, Galilea y Nazaret, pero tenía ojos azules - ¿quiénes eran los otros pueblos?  Me daba la sensación de que había algún eslabón perdido en algún sitio.  En 1967, durante la guerra árabe-israelí, tuvimos nuestro primer contacto con el otro pueblo, y era claro que la gran mayoría lo veía como el enemigo.  Pero yo no; a mí me caían bien, y sin ninguna razón aparente.  Hasta el día de hoy no puedo explicarlo, excepto que ahora sé que se trataba de hermanos musulmanes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Tenía unos 35 años cuando leí mi primera página del Corán.  Lo abrí con la intención de darle una hojeada y empezar a conocer la religión de los habitantes de la región que sería el tema central de mi tesis de grado.  Dios hizo que el libro se abriera en el capítulo “Los Creyentes” (Surat al-Mu’minun), versículos 52-54:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ciertamente la religión de todos vosotros es una sola, y Yo soy vuestro Señor; obedecedme, pues.  Pero a pesar de ello, [los hombres] se dividieron formando diferentes religiones, y cada grupo se contenta con su creencia.  Déjalos [a los incrédulos] en su error por un tiempo [hasta que les llegue su hora].” (Corán<\/strong> <\/strong>23:52-54)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

A la primera leída, supe que se trataba de una verdad certera, clara y enérgica, que revelaba la esencia de toda la humanidad y verificaba todo lo que había estudiado para la tesis.  El patético rechazo de la humanidad frente a la verdad, su incesante y vana competencia para ser especiales y su ignorancia del fin de la existencia plasmadas en unas pocas palabras.  Países, nacionalidades, culturas, idiomas - todos ellos sintiéndose superiores, cuando en realidad, todas estas identidades ocultan la única realidad que deberíamos disfrutar en compartir - es decir, servir al ÚNICO SEÑOR, que creó todo y que es dueño de todo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Sigo amando a Jesús y María<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Cuando era niña solía decir: “Santa María, madre de Dios, ruega por nosotros pecadores, ahora y en la hora de nuestra muerte, Amén”, palabras de la oración “Ave María”.  Ahora puedo ver cómo María fue perjudicada al representarla erróneamente como la madre de Dios.  Ya es suficiente con verla como una elegida entre todas las mujeres para dar a luz al gran profeta Jesús, a través de una concepción milagrosa.  Mi madre defendía a menudo sus plegarias en las que invocaba la ayuda de María explicando que ella también era madre y entendía las penurias de una madre.  Sería mucho más útil para mi madre y para otras mujeres contemplar cómo la María más pura fue calumniada por los judíos de ese entonces y acusada de un pecado despreciable, el de la fornicación.  María toleró todo esto, sabiendo que sería reivindicada por el Todopoderoso, y que recibiría fortaleza para soportar todas sus calumnias.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Este reconocimiento de la fe y la confianza de María en la misericordia de Dios nos permitirá reconocerla como una de las mujeres más sublimes, a la vez que eliminará las calumnias generadas por llamarla madre de Dios, la cual es una acusación aún más grave que la de los judíos de ese entonces.  Como musulmán, uno ama a María y a Jesús, pero se debe amar a Dios sobre todas las cosas, y Él es Aquel cuyos mandamientos hay que obedecer.  Él nos juzgará el día en que nadie más pueda ayudarnos.  Él nos creó, y también a Jesús y a su madre María, tal como creó a Muhammad.  Todos murieron o morirán – y Dios nunca muere.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Jesús (‘Isa en árabe) nunca dijo ser un dios.  Al contrario, él se refería a sí mismo como un enviado.  Cuando recuerdo la confusión que viví de joven, advierto que la misma se originaba en la afirmación de la iglesia que dice que Jesús era más de lo que él mismo admitía ser.  Los padres de la iglesia formularon una doctrina para inventar el concepto de la Trinidad.  Esta confusa interpretación de la Torah original y del Evangelio (las escrituras entregadas a Moisés y Jesús) es lo que da origen a la Trinidad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Honestamente, alcanza con decir simplemente que Jesús era un profeta, sí, un mensajero que vino con la palabra de Quien lo envió.  Si vemos a Jesús, la paz sea con él, a la luz correcta, es fácil aceptar que Muhammad, la paz sea con él, es su hermano menor que vino con la misma misión - llamar a todos a adorar al ÚNICO Todopoderoso, el que creó todo y al que todos volveremos para que nos juzgue por nuestras acciones.  No tiene sentido alguno discutir las características físicas.  Árabe, amerindio, judío, caucásico, de ojos marrones o azules, cabello corto o largo - todo eso es irrelevante en lo que respecta a la importancia de los mensajeros.  Cuando pienso ahora en Jesús, después de conocer el Islam, siento esa conexión que uno observa en una familia feliz – una familia de creyentes.  Uno ve a Jesús como un “musulmán”, una persona que se somete al Señor Altísimo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

El primero de los “Diez Mandamientos” dice:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1.    Soy Dios vuestro Señor, no adorarás falsos dioses ante mí.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2.    No tomarás el nombre de vuestro Señor en vano.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Toda persona que conozca el significado correcto de “la ilaha ill-Allah<\/em>” (no existe dios excepto Dios) reconocerá inmediatamente la similitud de este testimonio.  Entonces podemos comenzar realmente a armar la verdadera historia de todos los profetas y ponerle fin a las distorsiones.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Dicen: El Clemente tuvo un hijo.  Por cierto que han dicho algo terrible; estuvieron los cielos a punto de hendirse, la Tierra de abrirse, y las montañas de caer derrumbadas porque Le atribuyeron un hijo al Clemente.  No es propio [de la grandiosidad] del Clemente tener un hijo.  Todos los que habitan en los cielos y en la Tierra se presentarán sumisos ante el Clemente.” (Corán 19:88-90)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(parte 3 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Mi viaje hacia el Islam<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Me llevó tres años completos de investigación y estudio del Corán antes de estar lista para anunciar que quería ser musulmana.  Desde luego, tuve miedo de los cambios en la vestimenta y los hábitos, como salir en citas y beber, a los cuales estaba acostumbrada.  La música y el baile eran una parte importante de mi vida, y las bikinis y las minifaldas eran normales.  Mientras tanto, no había tenido oportunidad de encontrarme con ningún musulmán, pues no había ninguno en mi zona, aparte de algunos inmigrantes que apenas hablaban inglés y que se encontraban a una hora de auto en la única mezquita que tenía el estado en ese entonces.  Cuando iba allí a la oración de los viernes a probar y ver lo que estaba pensando adoptar, recibía miradas furtivas quizás porque pensaban que era una espía, como es el caso en la mayoría de las reuniones islámicas.  No había ni un solo musulmán estadounidense dispuesto a ayudarme y, como dije antes, los inmigrantes eran algo fríos, por decirlo en palabras suaves.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

En medio de esta etapa de mi vida, mi padre murió de cáncer.  Yo estaba junto a su cama y vi literalmente cuando el ángel de la muerte se llevó su alma.  El miedo se había apoderado de él cuando le comenzaron a caer lágrimas por las mejillas.  Una vida de lujos, yates, fiestas, coches costosos... tanto para él como para mamá, resultado de los intereses de su fortuna, todo eso se había acabado.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Sentí un deseo súbito de entrar rápidamente al Islam, mientras tuviera tiempo, y cambiar mis hábitos y no seguir buscando ciegamente lo que me habían hecho creer que era la buena vida.  Poco después llegué a Egipto, y participé de un lento y largo viaje a través del milagro de la lengua árabe y el descubrimiento de la clara verdad - Dios es Único, Eterno; nunca engendró ni fue engendrado y no existe nada como Él.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

También me atrajo mucho a esa religión la igualdad entre los seres humanos.  El Profeta Muhammad, la paz y las bendiciones sean con él, decía que las personas son como los dientes de un peine – todos iguales, los mejores son los más piadosos.  En el Corán, nos dicen que los mejores son los más piadosos.  La piedad implica tener amor y temor devocional solamente de Dios.  Pero antes de lograr realmente ese estado, uno debe aprender quién es Dios.  Y conocer a Dios es amarlo.  Comencé a aprender árabe para leer la palabra de Allah en árabe tal como fue revelada.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

El aprendizaje del Corán cambió todos los aspectos de mi vida.  Ya no tengo deseos de tener lujos mundanos; ni autos, ni ropa, ni viajes que me lleven a caer en las garras de los deseos vanos en que me hallaba antes.  Disfruto una buena vida como creyente, pero como dicen… la materia ya no está inmersa en el corazón… solo al alcance de la mano.  No temo perder a mis amigos o familiares – si Dios escoge acercarlos a mí, pues que así sea, pero sé que Dios me da exactamente lo que necesito, ni más, ni menos.  Ya no estoy ansiosa ni triste, ni tampoco me lamento por lo que me ha ocurrido, porque estoy segura al cuidado de Dios - EL ÚNICO a quien siempre conocí pero de Quien no sabía su nombre.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Una oración por América<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Le pido a Dios Todopoderoso que le permita a cada americano tener la oportunidad de recibir el mensaje de la Unicidad de Dios de manera simple y directa.  En su mayoría, los americanos están desinformados de lo que es la teología islámica correcta.  Casi siempre se hace hincapié en la política, la cual se centra en las acciones de los hombres.  Es tiempo ya de concentrarnos en las acciones de los profetas que vinieron para sacarnos de la oscuridad y guiarnos hacia la luz.  No cabe duda alguna que la oscuridad está en todas partes afectando a este continente.  La luz de la verdad nos servirá a todos, y ya sea que escojamos o no seguir el camino islámico, no hay dudas de que si lo bloqueamos u obstruimos a otros nos provocará mayor miseria.  Me preocupo mucho por el futuro saludable de mi continente, y tengo la certeza de que aprender más del Islam aumentará las probabilidades de que se cumplan mis anhelos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholique, USA<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

<\/h1>\r\n

 (partie 1 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Lorsqu’on me demande de quelle façon je suis devenue musulmane, je réponds que je me suis de tout temps considérée comme croyante en l’unique et seul Dieu, mais que j’ai compris ce que cela signifiait vraiment lorsque j’ai, pour la première fois, entendu parler de l’islam et de son livre, le Coran.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Mais laissez-moi d’abord commencer avec un bref résumé de mes antécédents familiaux américains-irlandais catholiques traditionnels.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Catholique, je l’étais bel et bien<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Mon père a quitté le séminaire après y avoir suivi une formation de trois ans pour devenir missionnaire.  Il était l’aîné d’une famille de treize enfants, tous nés et élevés dans la région de Boston.  Deux de ses sœurs sont devenues religieuses, comme l’était une de ses tantes du côté de sa mère.  Le plus jeune frère de mon père était lui aussi allé au séminaire durant neuf ans, avant d’entrer dans les ordres.  Ma grand-mère se levait à l’aube, s’habillait et grimpait la colline pour se rendre à l’église du coin et assister à la messe matinale tandis que le reste de la maison dormait toujours.  Je me souviens d’elle comme d’une femme austère mais gentille, juste, solidement bâtie, et d’une profondeur inhabituelle pour l’époque.  Je suis certaine que jamais elle n’a entendu parler de l’islam et je demande à Dieu de la juger en fonction de la croyance qu’elle nourrissait dans son cœur.  Nombreux sont ceux qui, bien qu’ils n’aient jamais connu l’islam, prient un Dieu unique par instinct, même s’ils ont hérité de leurs ancêtres des étiquettes de diverses dénominations.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Mes parents m’ont inscrite, à l’âge de quatre ans, dans une école catholique où j’ai reçu, durant les douze années suivantes, de fortes doses d’endoctrinement relatif à la trinité.  Il y avait des croix partout : sur les religieuses, sur les murs de classes, dans l’église, évidemment, où nous nous rendions presque chaque jour, de même que dans chaque pièce de notre maison familiale.  Et c’est sans mentionner les statues et icones; partout où votre regard se portait, il y avait « bébé » Jésus dans les bras de sa mère Marie, parfois souriant, parfois triste, mais toujours blanc, aux traits occidentaux.  Diverses images d’anges et de saints faisaient périodiquement leur apparition, en fonction de la fête religieuse qui approchait, au calendrier.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

J’ai un souvenir très net des moments où je cueillais des lilas et des lys, dans la vallée, derrière la maison, afin d’en faire des bouquets que je disposais dans un vase au pied de la plus grande statue de la vierge Marie qui occupait le couloir, à l’étage, tout près de ma chambre.  Puis, je m’agenouillais et priais, appréciant le parfum agréable des fleurs fraîchement cueillies et, emplie de sérénité, je me disais en moi-même à quel point était superbe la longue et abondante chevelure châtain de Marie.  Je peux cependant affirmer sans équivoque que jamais je n’ai adressé mes prières à elle directement, ou même pensé qu’elle avait le pouvoir de m’aider.  Il en était de même lorsque je tenais entre mes doigts mon rosaire, le soir dans mon lit.  Je répétais les prières rituelles du « Notre Père », « Je vous salue Marie » et « Gloire au Père, au Fils et au Saint Esprit » tout en regardant au ciel et en disant, du plus profond de mon cœur : « Je sais qu’il n’y a que Toi, Toi le seul Dieu Tout-Puissant… Si je dis ces prières, c’est qu’on ne m’a rien appris d’autre. »<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le jour de mes douze ans, ma mère m’offrit une Bible.  En tant que catholiques, nous étions découragés de lire quoi que ce soit d’autre que le « Baltimore catechism », autorisé par le Vatican.  Toute comparaison avec d’autres ouvrages était dépréciée et rejetée.  Mais je le lisais tout de même avec ferveur, y cherchant des propos sur mon Créateur et des paroles provenant de Lui.  Mais cette lecture m’embrouillait davantage.  De toute évidence, ce livre était l’œuvre des hommes, une œuvre tortueuse et difficile à comprendre.  Malheureusement, c’était le seul livre auquel j’avais accès.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ma présence assidue à l’église devint de plus en plus espacée vers le milieu de mon adolescence, comme c’était le cas pour la plupart des jeunes de ma génération, et à vingt ans, je peux dire que je n’avais plus de religion formelle.  Je lus beaucoup sur le bouddhisme et l’hindouisme, et pendant quelques mois, j’essayai même quelques églises baptistes locales.  Aucune de ces religions n’arrivait à retenir mon attention, les premières étant trop exotiques et les secondes, trop provinciales.  Et pourtant, durant toutes ces années où je ne pratiquai aucune religion de façon formelle, pas un jour ne s’écoula sans que je « parle à Dieu », surtout au moment de me mettre au lit, le soir, où je Le remerciais pour tous les bienfaits dont Il me comblait et Lui demandais Son assistance pour les divers problèmes que je vivais.  Je m’adressais toujours au seul et unique Dieu, certaine qu’Il m’écoutait, qu’Il m’aimait et s’occupait de moi.  Jamais personne ne m’avait rien dit au sujet de l’unicité de Dieu; mais j’y croyais par instinct, tout simplement.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(partie 2 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Les autres<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

C’est durant la préparation de ma maîtrise que j’entendis parler du Coran pour la première fois.  Jusque-là, et comme la plupart des Américains, je ne connaissais les « Arabes » que comme des êtres mystérieux, de sombres prédateurs prêts à tout pour détruire notre civilisation.  L’islam n’était jamais mentionné : on ne parlait que des Arabes malpropres et revêches, de chameaux et de tentes dans le désert.  Enfant, lorsque j’assistais au cours d’enseignement religieux, je me suis souvent demandé qui étaient les autres.  Jésus vivait en Galilée, mais il avait les yeux bleus – qui étaient les autres?  Je sentais qu’il y avait un chaînon manquant dans tout cela.  En l967, durant la guerre israélo-arabe, nous aperçûmes pour la première fois cet autre peuple, et la plupart d’entre nous le perçurent clairement comme l’ennemi.  Mais moi, je ressentis une sympathie particulière pour eux, sans raison apparente.  Jusqu’à aujourd’hui, je ne peux m’expliquer ce sentiment et je me dis que c’était sans doute parce qu’ils étaient mes frères en islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

J’avais environ 35 ans lorsque je lus ma première page de Coran.  Je ne l’avais ouvert que pour y jeter un coup d’œil, histoire de me familiariser avec la religion des habitants de la région sur laquelle j’écrivais dans mon mémoire de maîtrise.  Dieu fit en sorte que j’ouvre le Coran à la sourate al-Mou’minoun (les croyants), versets 52-54 :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Certes, cette religion qui est la vôtre est unique dans son essence.  Et Je suis votre Seigneur; accomplissez donc vos devoirs envers Moi.  Les gens ont divisé leur religion en sectes, chacune  trouvant satisfaction dans sa propre doctrine.  Laisse-les donc dans leur égarement, pour un temps. » (Coran 23:52-54)<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dès que je lus ces lignes, je sus qu’il s’agissait de la vérité, la vérité claire et convaincante, révélant l’essence même de l’humanité et confirmant ce que j’avais étudié en histoire.  Le rejet pathétique de la vérité, par les hommes, leur vaine et incessante concurrence pour se démarquer, leur négligence et leur négation de la véritable raison d’être de leur existence, tout cela exposé en quelques mots.  Des nations, des nationalités, des cultures et des langues se sentant tous supérieurs les uns aux autres alors qu’en fait, toutes ces particularités auxquelles les gens s’identifient ne servent qu’à masquer la seule réalité que nous devons nous réjouir de partager, c’est-à-dire que nous sommes ici pour servir un seul et unique maître, l’Unique, qui a tout créé et à qui tout appartient.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

J’aime toujours Jésus et Marie<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Enfant, j’avais l’habitude de dire des phrases telles que « Sainte Marie, mère de Dieu, priez pour nous pécheurs, maintenant et à l’heure de notre mort, amen. »  Je vois maintenant à quel point Marie a été calomniée par les gens qui lui ont attribué le rôle de mère de Dieu.  Il est pourtant bien suffisant de la considérer comme élue au-dessus de toutes les femmes afin de porter en elle le prophète Jésus pour ensuite lui donner naissance de façon miraculeuse.  Ma mère défendait souvent ses supplications à Marie en disant que cette dernière avait aussi été une mère et qu’elle pouvait donc comprendre la douleur d’une mère.  Il serait pourtant plus utile à ma mère et à tous les autres de réfléchir sur la façon dont Marie, la plus pure d’entre toutes, a été calomniée par les juifs de son époque qui l’accusaient d’un des péchés les plus méprisables, soit celui de la fornication.  Marie a enduré tout cela en sachant qu’elle serait disculpée par le Tout-Puissant et qu’Il lui donnerait la force d’endurer leurs attaques constantes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Reconnaître cette foi et cette confiance inébranlable en la miséricorde de  Dieu chez Marie, c’est reconnaître le rang élevé qu’elle occupe au-dessus de toutes les femmes et reconnaître qu’elle ne peut être appelée « mère de Dieu », car cela constitue une calomnie encore plus monstrueuse que celle des juifs de son époque.  En tant que musulmans, nous devons aimer Jésus et Marie, mais nous devons aimer Dieu encore plus pour gagner le Paradis, car Il est Celui dont les règles doivent être obéies.  C’est Lui qui vous jugera un jour où personne ne pourra vous aider.  Il vous a créés, de même qu’Il a créé Jésus, Marie et le prophète Mohammed.  Ils sont tous morts et nous mourront tous – seul Dieu ne meurt pas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Jésus (‘Issa, en arabe) n’a jamais prétendu une seule fois être Dieu.  En réalité, il faisait constamment référence à lui-même en tant qu’envoyé.  Lorsque je repense à la confusion vécue durant ma jeunesse, je comprends maintenant qu’elle provenait de ce que l’Église prétendait que Jésus était bien plus que ce qu’il a jamais admis lui-même.  Les pères de l’Église ont formulé cette doctrine et ont inventé de toutes pièces le concept de trinité.  C’est cette interprétation confuse de la Torah et de l’Évangile originales (les écritures données à Moïse et à Jésus) qui est au cœur du problème de la trinité.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Honnêtement, il est suffisant de dire que Jésus était un prophète, un messager envoyé avec la parole de son Créateur.  Si nous considérons Jésus (que la paix soit sur lui) de cette façon, il devient facile d’accepter que Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a aussi été envoyé avec une mission, celle d’appeler tous les hommes à l’adoration exclusive de Dieu, qui a tout créé et vers qui nous retournerons tous.  Il est tout à fait inutile de débattre de leurs caractéristiques physiques; arabe, juif ou caucasien, yeux bleus ou marrons, cheveux courts ou longs – tout cela est dénué de toute pertinence, car tout ce qui compte est qu’ils avaient un message important à transmettre.  Chaque fois que je pense à Jésus, maintenant que je suis musulmane, je sens ce lien que l’on sent lorsque l’on fait partie d’une grande famille heureuse – une famille de croyants.  Car Jésus était un musulman, lui qui se soumettait totalement à son Seigneur.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le premier des « dix commandements » dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1.    Je suis l'Éternel, ton Dieu, (…) Tu n'auras pas d'autres dieux devant Ma   face.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2.    Tu ne prendras point le nom de l'Éternel, ton Dieu, en vain<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Quiconque connaît la signification de « la ilaha ill-Allah » (il n’y a pas d’autre Dieu qu’Allah) reconnaîtra immédiatement la similitude entre le commandement et cette attestation de foi.  De même, nous pouvons reconstituer la véritable histoire de chaque prophète et enfin mettre un terme à toutes les faussetés qui circulent.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Et ils disent: « Le Tout Miséricordieux s’est attribué un fils. »  Vous proférez là une chose abominable!  Peu s’en faut que les cieux ne se déchirent, à ces mots, que la terre ne se fende et que les montagnes ne s’écroulent! »<\/strong>  <\/strong>(Coran 19:88-90)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(partie 3 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Mon cheminement vers l’islam<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Ce n’est qu’après trois années entières passées à faire des recherches et à étudier le Coran que je me sentis prête à prononcer l’attestation de foi qui allait faire de moi une musulmane.  Bien sûr, j’appréhendais de devoir modifier mes habitudes de vie, dont la façon de me vêtir, le fait de ne plus fréquenter d’hommes et mettre un terme à ma consommation d’alcool.  La musique et la danse occupaient une place importante dans ma vie et les bikinis et mini-jupes étaient mon titre de gloire.  Par ailleurs, je n’avais aucune chance de rencontrer de musulmans car aucun n’habitait ma région, à part quelques immigrants qui parlaient à peine l’anglais à la seule mosquée de tout l’État, à l’époque, située à une heure de route.  Lorsque j’y allais, parfois, lors de la prière du vendredi, on me lançait des regards furtifs – peut-être me soupçonnait-on d’être une espionne, comme c’était (et comme c’est toujours) le cas dans la plupart des assemblées islamiques.  Il n’y avait pas un(e) seul(e) musulman(e) américain(e) sur place, ce qui m’aurait grandement aidée et, comme je l’ai dit plus haut, les immigrants sur place étaient plutôt froids et distants, c’est le moins qu’on puisse dire.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Durant cette étape de ma vie, mon père mourut du cancer.  J’étais à son chevet lorsque l’ange de la mort vint chercher son âme.  Il fut saisi de frayeur, et des larmes roulèrent sur ses joues.  Toute une vie de luxe, de yachts, de country clubs, de voitures dispendieuses… pour lui et ma mère, tout cela rendu possible par des revenus d’intérêts et maintenant… c’était fini.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Je ressentis le désir pressant d’embrasser l’islam, tandis qu’il me restait encore du temps, de modifier mon mode de vie et de cesser de rechercher aveuglément ces choses qui constituaient ce qu’on m’avait appris à qualifier de « bonne vie ».  Peu de temps après, je me rendis en Égypte et j’entamai un long et lent cheminement qui allait me faire découvrir le miracle de la langue arabe et la découverte de la Vérité, i.e. que Dieu est Unique, Éternel, qu’Il n’a pas été engendré ni n’a engendré Lui-même, et que rien ne Lui ressemble ni ne peut L’égaler.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

C’est aussi l’égalité entre tous les êtres humains prônée par cette religion qui m’attira le plus vers elle.  Le prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a dit que les humains sont tous égaux, mais que les meilleurs d’entre eux sont les plus pieux, ce qui est également écrit dans le Coran.  La piété, c’est à la fois l’amour et la crainte de Dieu.  Mais pour devenir pieux, il faut d’abord connaître Dieu.  Et Le connaître, c’est L’aimer.  J’appris l’arabe pour pouvoir lire la parole de Dieu dans sa langue originale, celle dans laquelle le Coran fut révélé.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Étudier le Coran a changé toutes les facettes de ma vie.  Je n’ai plus ce désir de posséder les biens de luxe de ce monde, ni voitures, ni vêtements, ni voyages n’arrivent à m’attirer dans cette toile de vains désirs de laquelle j’étais prisonnière auparavant.  Je dois dire que maintenant, en tant que croyante, je jouis d’une vie relativement confortable, mais les choses qui m’entourent n’occupent plus une place importante dans mon cœur; elles ne sont là que par utilité.  Je ne crains plus la perte d’anciens amis ou de parents; si Dieu décide de les rapprocher de moi, alors il en sera ainsi; mais je sais que Dieu m’apporte exactement ce dont j’ai besoin, ni plus ni moins.  Je ne suis plus angoissée ni triste comme je l’étais, et je ne regrette plus ce que j’ai raté, dans la vie, car je me sens en sécurité sous la protection de Dieu, le Seul et Unique dont j’ai toujours senti la présence mais que je ne savais comment nommer.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Une prière pour l’Amérique<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Je prie Dieu Tout-Puissant de faire en sorte que chaque Américain ait la chance de recevoir le message de Son unicité et ce, par des moyens simples et directs.  Les Américains sont, pour la plupart, très mal informés sur la théologie islamique.  L’accent est toujours mis sur la politique et sur les actions des hommes.  Il est grand temps que nous nous concentrions sur les actions des prophètes qui ont tous été envoyés pour nous faire sortir des ténèbres vers la lumière.  Il ne fait aucun doute que les ténèbres sont à la source du malaise généralisé qui affecte la société américaine, de nos jours.  La lumière de la vérité peut nous être utile à tous, et que les gens choisissent ou non de suivre la voie de l’islam, il est clair que le fait de l’obstruer et d’empêcher les autres de l’emprunter mènera à d’autres souffrances et à une détresse toujours plus grande.  Je me soucie beaucoup du bien-être futur de mon pays et je suis certaine que si les gens en apprenaient plus sur l’islam, la possibilité que mes espoirs se réalisent s’en trouverait décuplée.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":11469,"lft":2910,"rght":2911,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-27T03:27:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-04T15:58:29.000000Z","language_id":9,"user_id":7,"author_id":2274,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":1564,"author_name":"Diane Charles Breslin","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-08-27","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.docx"},{"id":1567,"title":"Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Katholikin, USA","slug":"diane-charles-breslin-ex-katholikin-usa","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:diane-charles-breslin-ex-katholikin-usa","hint":"","body":"

Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Katholikin, USA<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

<\/h1>\r\n

(teil 1 von 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Wenn ich gefragt werde, wie ich Muslima geworden bin, antwortete ich immer, dass ich immer gefühlt habe, dass ich eine Gläubige des EINEN UND EINZIGEN bin, aber mir wurde erst so richtig klar, was das bedeutet, als ich von einer Religion, die Islam heisst und ein Buch, das Qur´an heisst, hörte.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Aber lasst mich zuerst mit einer kurzen Übersicht meines amerikanischen überwiegend traditionellen irischen Hintergrunds beginnen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Katholisch war ich tatsächlich  <\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Mein Vater verließ das Seminar nach einer dreijährigen Übungsarbeit als Missionar.  Er war der Älteste von dreizehn Kindern, alle im Bostonbezirk geboren und aufgewachsen.  Zwei seiner Schwestern wurden Nonnen, wie seine Tante mütterlicherseits.  Der jüngere Bruder meines Vaters war ebenfalls im Seminar und verließ es nach neun Jahren, gerade vor seinen abschließenden Eiden.  Meine Großmutter stand bei Sonnenaufgang auf, um sich anzuziehen und am frühen Morgen den Berg zur örtlichen Kirche zur Frühmesse hinaufzuklettern, während der Rest des Hauses noch schlief.  Ich erinnere mich an sie als sehr ernsthafte, freundliche, gerechte und starke Frau – und ziemlich tief – ungewöhnlich für jene Zeit.  Ich bin mir sicher, dass sie nie vom Islam gehört hatte, und möge Gott sie gemäß dem richten, was sie an Glauben in ihrem Herzen besaß.  Viele, die nie vom Islam gehört haben, beten instiktiv zu dem Einen, obwohl sie von ihren Vorfahren geerbte Labels verschiedener Konfessionen besitzen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ich war mit vier Jahren in einer Katholischen Schwesternschule eingeschult worden und verbrachte die folgenden 12 Jahre meines Lebens umgeben von starken Dosen dreieiniger Indoktrinierung.  Überall hingen Kreuze, den ganzen Tag lang – an den Nonnen selbst, an den Wänden des Klassenzimmers, in der Kirche, die wir fast täglich besuchten, und in fast jedem Raum unseres Hauses.  Ganz abgesehen von den Statuen und Heiligenbildern – überall Wohin du auch siehst, war das Baby Jesus und seine Mutter Maria – manchmal glücklich, manchmal traurig, aber immer klassisch weiß und engelsgleich.  Verschiedene und mannigfache Engel und Heiligenbilder machten ihre Erscheinungen, abhängig von dem heiligen Tag, der sich nähert. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ich habe lebendige Erinnerungen daran, wie ich Flieder und Maiglöckchen auf unserem Hof pflückte, um daraus Gestecke zu machen, die ich der größten Mutter Maria Statue im oberen Flur neben meinem Schlafzimmer zu Füßen legte.  Dort kniete und betete ich, erfreute mich an dem angenehmen Geruch der frisch gepflückten Blumen und betrachtete ruhig Marias langes, fließendes braunes Haar.  Ich kann eindeutig feststellen, dass ich nicht einmal SIE angebetet habe oder fühlte, dass sie irgendwelche Kraft besaß, mir zu helfen.  Genauso ging es mir, wenn ich nachts mit meinem Rosenkranz im Bett saß.  Ich wiederholte die rituellen Bittgebete Unser Vater und die verehrte Maria und Lob sei dem Vater, dem Sohn und dem Heiligen Geist, alles indem ich aufwärts blickte und tief in meinem Herzen sagte – ich weiß, es ist nur Du, der Allmächtige – ich sage dies alles nur, weil es alles ist, was ich je gelernt habe. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

An meinem zwölften Geburtstag gab mir meine Mom eine Bibel.  Als Katholiken wurden wir nicht ermuntert, irgendetwas sonst als unseren Baltimore Katechismus zu lesen, vom Vatikan genehmigt.  Jegliche vergleichende Selbstbeobachtung wurde abgelehnt und herabgewürdigt.  Schon las ich voller Eifer, wonach ich suchte, war eine Geschichte von und über meinem Schöpfer.  Ich wire immer verwirrter.  Das Buch war offensichtlich das Werk von Männern, verwickelt und schwer zu greifen.  Und schon wieder einmal war dies alles, was mit zur Verfügung stand.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Meine vorherige frommen Kirchenbesuchte wurden in meiner Teenagerzeit weniger, wie es in meiner Generation die Norm war, und mit der Zeit erreichte ich die zwanzig und hatte eigentlich keine formelle Religion.  Ich las viel über Buddhismus, Hinduismus und probierte sogar ein paar Monate die örtliche Baptistenkirche aus.  Es war nicht genug, um meine Aufmerksamkeit zu halten, das erste zu exotisch, die letzteren zu ländlich.  Trotzdem verging all die Jahre, in denen ich nicht praktizierte, kein Tag, ohne dass ich \"mit Gott sprach\", besonders wenn ich schlafen ging, dankte ich Ihm immer für Seinen Segen und suchte Seine Hilfe für alle Probleme, die sich mir stellten.  Es war immer der Bestimmte EINE UND EINZIGE, an den ich mich wendete, sicher, dass Er mir zuhörte und auf Seine Liebe und Fürsorge vertrauend.  Niemand hatte mich das gelehrt; es war reiner Instinkt. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

(teil 2 von 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Die anderen  <\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Es geschah während meiner Vorbereitungen zu meiner Magisterarbeit, dass ich zum ersten Mal vom Qur´an hörte.  Bis dahin war es mir wie den meisten Amerikanern gegangen; ich kannte \"die Araber\" nur als mysteriöse, dunkle Räuber, die unsere Zivilisation ausplünderten.  Islam wurde nie erwähnt – nur die sicherlich schmutzigen Araber, Kamele und Zelte in der Wüste.  Als Kind im Religionsunterricht wunderte ich mich häufig: wer waren die anderen Menschen?  Jesus wanderte zwischen Caana und Galilea und Nazareth, aber er hatte blaue Augen – wer waren die anderen Menschen?  Ich hatte den Eindruck, dass hier irgendwo etwas fehlte.  1967 während des Arabisch-Israelischen Krieges, erhielten wir unseren ersten Einblick von dem anderen Volk, und sie wurden von den meisten als deutliche Feinde betrachtet.  Aber was mich betraf, ich mochte sie und das ohne ersichtlichen Grund.  Ich kann es bis zum heutigen Tag nicht erklären, außer dass mir heute klar ist, dass sie meine muslimischen Brüder sind.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ich war ungefähr 35, als ich meine erste Seite aus dem Qur´an las.  Ich öffnete ihn in der Absicht, ihn rasch zu überfliegen, um mit der Religion der Bewohner der Region, mit der ich mich hauptsächlich für meine Magisterarbeit beschäftigen sollte, vertraut zu werden.  Gott lies sich das Buch bei Sura Al-Mu´minun (Die Gläubigen), Verse 52-54 öffnen:.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und diese eure Gemeinschaft, ist eine einheitliche Gemeinschaft, und Ich bin euer Herr. So fürchtet Mich. Aber sie (die Menschen) wurden untereinander uneinig und spalteten sich in Parteien, und jede Partei freute sich über das, was sie selbst hatte. Darum überlaß sie eine Zeitlang ihrer Unwissenheit. ” (Quran 23:52-54)<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Vom ersten Lesen an wusste ich, dass dies eine bestimmte Wahrheit war – klar und kraftvoll, die Essenz aller Menschheit und all das bestätigend, was ich als Geschichtsprofessorin studiert hatte.  Die pathetische Zurückweisung der Wahrheit durch die Menschheit, ihr unaufhörlicher, vergeblicher Wettbewerb etwas Besonderes zu sein und ihre Unachtsamkeit für den Sinn ihrer Existenz – alles zusammengefasst in wenigen Worten.  Staaten, Nationalitäten, Kulturen, Sprachen – alle fühlen sich überlegen, dabei verschleiern all diese Identitäten die einzige Wirklichkeit, über die wir uns freuen sollten, dass wir sie teilen – es ist, dem Einen Herrn zu dienen, DEM EINEN, der alles erschaffen hat und dem alles gehört. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ich liebe noch immer Jesus und Maria   <\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Als Kind pflegte ich den Satz zu sagen: \"Heilige Maria, Mutter Gottes, bete für uns Sünder, jetzt und in der Stunde unseres Todes, Amen\", der sich in dem Gebet \"Hail Mary\" findet.  Jetzt sehe ich, wie sehr Maria durch ihre falsche Darstellung als Mutter der Gottheit verleumdet wurde.  Es genügt völlig, sie als vor allen anderen Frauen Auserwählte zu sehen, die den großen Propheten Jesus nach der jungfräulichen Empfängnis getragen hat.  Meine Mutter verteidigte ihre konstanten Bitten um Marias Hilfe, indem sie erklärte, dass auch sie eine Mutter gewesen sei und den Kummer einer Mutter verstehe.  Es wäre für meine Mutter und alle anderen wesentlich sinnvoller, zu beachten, wie die überaus reine Maria von den Juden ihrer Zeit verleumdet worden und der verachtenswertesten Sünde, der Hurerei, bezichtigt worden war.  Maria ertrug dies alles, in dem Wissen, dass der Allmächtige sie rechtfertigen würde und dass Er ihr Stärke verleihen würde, deren ganze üble Nachrede zu ertragen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Diese Anerkennung von Marias Frömmigkeit und ihr Vertrauen in Gottes Gnade erlaubt einem, die überaus erhabene Stellung Marias unter den Frauen zu erkennen und zur gleichen Zeit die Verleumdung von ihr zu nehmen, sie als Mutter Gottes zu bezeichnen, was eine noch schlimmere Beschuldigung ist, als die der Juden ihrer Zeit.  Als Muslim darfst du Maria und Jesus lieben, aber Gott mehr zu lieben wird dich das Paradies verdienen lassen, denn Er ist der Eine, dessen Gesetzen du gehorchen musst.  Er wird dich an jenem Tag richten, wenn niemand sonst dir helfen kann.  Er hat dich, Jesus und seine gesegnete Mutter Maria erschaffen, genau wie Er Muhammad erschaffen hat.  Alle sterben oder werden sterben – nur Gott stirbt niemals.        <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Jesus (´Isa auf arabisch), Gottes Heil und Frieden seien mit ihm, behauptete kein einziges Mal, eine Gottheit zu sein.  Vielmehr betonte er wiederholt, gesandt zu sein.  Wenn ich zurückblickend die Verwirrung, dich ich in meiner Jugend erfuhr, betrachte, so lagen ihre Wurzeln in der Behauptung der Kirche, dass Jesus mehr gewesen sei, als er selbst angab.  Die Kirchenväter formulierten eine Doktrin, um das Konzept der Trinität zu begründen.  Es handelt sich um eine irreführende Änderung der ursprünglichen Thora und Injiel (Evangelium), der Schriften von Moses und Jesus, die das Kernstück der Dreieinigkeit darstellen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wenn man ehrlich ist, genügt es, einfach festzustellen, dass Jesus ein Prophet war, ja, ein Gesandter, der mit dem Wort des Einen gekommen ist, Der ihn geschickt hat.  Wenn wir Jesus in diesem Licht betrachten, ist es einfach, Muhammad, Gottes Heil und Frieden seien mit ihm, als seinen jüngeren Bruder zu akzeptieren, der mit derselben Botschaft gekommen ist – alle zur Anbetung des EINEN Allmächtigen aufzurufen, Der alles erschaffen hat und zu Dem alle zurückkehren werden.  Es hat keinen Einfluss, ihre körperlichen Eigenschaften zu diskutieren.  Ob Araber, Jude, Kaukasier, blau- oder braunäugig, mit langem oder kurzem Haar – das ist alles absolut irrelevant für ihre Wichtigkeit als Träger der Botschaft.  Immer wenn ich jetzt an Jesus denke, nachdem ich den Islam kennengelernt habe, fühle ich eine Verbundenheit, wie jemand sie in einer glücklichen Familie fühlt – einer Familie von Gläubigen.  Du siehst, Jesus war ein \"Muslim\", einer, der sich seinem Herrn ergibt. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Das erste der \"Zehn Gebote\" besagt: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

1.    Ich bin der Herr, dein Gott… Du sollst keine anderen Götter haben neben mir. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

2.    Du sollst den Namen des Herrn, deines Gottes, nicht missbrauchen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Jeder, der die korrekte Bedeutung von “la ilaha ill-Allah” (es gibt keine Gottheit außer Gott) kennt, wird sofort die Ähnlichkeit in dieser Bezeugung  erkennen.  Dann können wir wirklich damit anfangen, die wahre Geschichte aller Propheten zusammenzubringen und den Verwirrungen ein Ende zu bereiten. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und sie sagen:\"Der Allerbarmer hat sich einen Sohn genommen.\"  Wahrhaftig, ihr habt da etwas Ungeheuerliches begangen!  Beinahe werden die Himmel zerreißen und die Erde auseinanderbersten und beinahe werden die Berge in Trümmern zusammenstürzen.” (Quran 19:88-90)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(teil 3 von 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Meine Reise zum Islam<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Meine Suche und mein Studium des Qur´an brauchte drei volle Jahre, bevor ich bereit war, zu verkündigen, dass ich ein Muslim sein wollte.  Natürlich fürchtete ich die Veränderung in der Bekleidung und der Lebensweise, wie Essen und Trinken, an die ich gewöhnt war.  Musil und Tanz machten einen großen Teil meines Lebens aus und Bikinis und Miniröcke waren mein Anspruch auf Ruhm.  Die ganze Zeit hatte ich keine Möglichkeit, irgendwelche Muslime zu treffen, denn in meiner Umgebung gab es keine außer ein paar Einwanderer, die kaum englisch sprechen konnten, in der einzigen Moschee des Staates in jener Zeit, ungefährt eine Stunde Autofahrt entfernt.  Wenn ich zum Freitagsgebet ging, um zu prüfen und zu vergleichen, was ich mit gerade reiflich überlegte, spürte ich verstohlene Blicke, als würde vielleicht vermutet, ich wäre ein Spion, wie es bei den meisten islamischen Versammlungen der Fall war und noch immer ist.  Es gab keinen einzigen amerikanischen Muslim, der mir half und wie ich schon sagte, die Einwanderer waren ziemlich kühl, milde gesagt.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Mitten in dieser Lebensphase verstarb mein Vater an Krebs.  Ich war an seinem Bett und wurde tatsächlich Zeuge, wie der Engel des Todes seine Seele nahm.  Er war von Angst ergriffen und Tränen rollten seine Wangen hinunter.  Ein Leben des Luxus, Yachten, Country Klubs, teure Autos… für ihn und Mom, das Ergebnis ihrer Zinsen, und jetzt war alles vorbei.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ich verspürte ein plötzliches Verlangen, schnell dem Islam beizutreten, solange noch Zeit blieb, und meine Lebensweise zu ändern und nicht mit der blinden Suche nach dem, was mir als gutes Leben vorgegaukelt worden war, weiterzumachen.  Kurz darauf kam ich nach Ägypten und verwickelte mich in eine langwidrige Reise durch die Wunder der arabischen Sprache und die Entdeckung der deutlichen Wahrheit – Gott ist Einer, der Ewiglebende, Ewige; Der nie gezeugt wurde und niemanden gezeugt hat, und nichts ist ihm jemals gleich.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Es war auch die Gleichheit der Menschen, die mich an dieser Religion am meisten angezogen hat.  Der Prophet Muhammad, Gottes Heil und Frieden seien mit ihm, sagte, die Menschen sind wie die Zähne eines Kammes – alle gleich, der beste von ihnen ist derjenige, der am gottesfürchtigsten ist.  Im Qur´an wird uns gesagt, dass die Frommen die besten von uns sind.  Frömmigkeit umfasst Liebe für und Furcht vor Gott allein.  Bevor du also richtig fromm sein kannst, must du lernen, wer Gott ist.  Und Ihn zu kennen, bedeutet, Ihn zu lieben.  Ich begann, arabisch zu lernen, damit ich Gottes Wort auf arabisch lesen könnte, wie es offenbart worden war.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Qur´an zu lernen, hat jede Einzelheit meines Lebens verändert.  Ich wünsche mir keinen irdischen Luxus mehr; weder Autos, noch Kleider, noch Reisen können mich in das Netz nutzloser Begierden locken, in dem ich zuvor gefangen war.  Ich genieße wirklich ein anständiges, gutes Leben eines Gläubigen… aber wie sie sagen... es ist nicht mehr im Herzen eingebettet... nur in greifbarer Nähe.  Ich fürchte nicht den Verlust meiner früheren Freunde oder Verwandten – wenn Gott wählt, sie nahe zu bringen, so sei es, aber ich weiß, dass Gott mir genau das gibt, was ich brauche – nicht mehr und nicht weniger.  Ich fühle mich nicht mehr ängstlich oder betrübt, und ich bereue nicht, was mir passiert ist, denn ich bin in Sicherheit unter Gottes Fürsorge – DES EINEN UND EINZIGEN, den ich immer kannte, nur wusste ich nicht Seinen Namen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ein Gebet für Amerika<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Ich bete zu Gott, dem Allmächtigen, wirklich jedem einzelnen Amerikaner die Gelegenheit zu geben, die Botschaft von der Einheit Gottes auf eine einfache, direkte Art und Weise zu erhalten... Die Amerikaner sind zum großen Teil unwissend, was die korrekte Islamische Glaubenslehre angeht.  Die Betonung liegt immer auf der Politik, welche die Taten von Männern in den Blickwinkel rückt.  Es ist höchste Zeit, dass wir uns auf die Taten der Propheten konzentrieren, die alle gekommen waren, um uns aus dem Dunkel ins Licht zu führen.  Es besteht kein Zweifel daran, dass Dunkelheit in dem Unbehagen, das Amerika gerade befallen hat, überwiegt.  Das Licht der Wahrheit wird uns allen nutzen, und ob man sich dafür entscheidet, dem islamischen Weg zu folgen, oder nicht; es besteht kein Zweifel daran, dass es zu weiterem Elend führen wird, wenn man andere daran hindert, ihm zu folgen.  Mir ist an der gesunden Zukunft meines Landes wirklich sehr gelegen, und ich bin mir ziemlich sicher, dass die Aussichten meiner Hoffnungen, erfüllt zu werden, sich vermehren, wenn man mehr über den Islam erfährt.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0440\u043b\u044c\u0437 \u0411\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043d, \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430, \u0421\u0428\u0410 <\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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(\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1 \u0438\u0437 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u044f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u041e\u0414\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0438 \u0415\u0414\u0418\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0415\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e, \u043d\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041d\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u044f \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u043e \u043c\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u042f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439.<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u041e\u0442\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0446 \u0443\u0448\u0435\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0411\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430. \u0414\u0432\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0442\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438. \u041c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 9 \u043b\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0442\u044b. \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043c\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0443. \u042f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0439, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439  \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u042f \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435, \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0431 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0434. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 12 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0422\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0446\u0435. \u041c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b – \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0445, \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0438, \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430.  \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u044d\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443: \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f – \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0445, \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435, \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430  \u0441\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0436\u044c\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u044d\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0414\u0435\u0432\u044b \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435. \u042f \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0441 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0438 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u043c\u043d\u0435. \u0422\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u044f \u043e\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043c \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438. \u042f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u043b\u0430 «\u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435 \u041d\u0430\u0448» \u0438 «\u0410\u0432\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f», \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430: \u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0449 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0422\u044b, \u0430 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u044e. \u041a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0445\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0430, \u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0412\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u044f \u0441 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e , \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0422\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u043e \u041d\u0435\u043c. \u0427\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u044f \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c.  \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u0423\u0432\u044b, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041a \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u042f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435, \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441.  \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0437\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f – \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0443\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430. \u0418 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043d\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u044b \u0441 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044f \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043d\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438… \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u041e\u0414\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0423 \u0438 \u0415\u0414\u0418\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0415\u041d\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0423, \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0432\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435, \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041e\u043d \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f. \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0438, \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2 \u0438\u0437 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 - \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u0412\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u044f \u0443\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430. \u0420\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u044f \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0445\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e. \u041e\u0431 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445, \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0445, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u0448\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043d\u0435… \u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435, \u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u0445. \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438? \u0412 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e-\u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0432 1967 \u0433. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u043e, \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c. \u0414\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0438-\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412 35 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430  \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430.  \u041f\u043e \u0412\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0443 «\u041c\u0443’\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043d» (\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435):<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f – \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0430 \u042f – \u0432\u0430\u0448 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c. \u0411\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0436\u0435 \u041c\u0435\u043d\u044f! \u041d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442. \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044c \u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0445  \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d, 23:52-54)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u044f\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0416\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u0442\u043e, \u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f – \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445! \u041e\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u043c, \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0435, \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0443, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f  \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e: \u043c\u044b \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u041e\u0414\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0423 \u0415\u0414\u0418\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0415\u041d\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0423 \u0422\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0443, \u041a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \u042f \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043b\u044e \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044e<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u0412 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0443: «\u0421\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0430\u044f \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0411\u043e\u0436\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439. \u0410\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044c». \u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c\u044e \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c\u044e-\u0434\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439. \u041c\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043a \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0439\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438. \u041c\u0430\u043c\u0435, \u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0435\u0432\u0443 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0435. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0413\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0435\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442 \u043e \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 – \u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0432. \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044e, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0435, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0420\u0430\u0439, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u041e\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u041e\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044e, \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430.  \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0443\u043c\u0440\u0443\u0442. \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441 (\u0418\u0441\u0430<\/em> \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c) \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d. \u0412\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0438, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0442\u043e \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043a\u0435\u043c-\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0430\u043c. \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044e \u0422\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0446\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041c\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0435\u044e (\u0422\u043e\u0440\u0430) \u0438 \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0443 (\u0415\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0435).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0442 \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0432 \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u043e\u043c – \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443, \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0435, \u0438 \u043a \u041a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u0411\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0431\u0440\u044e\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 – \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430? \u0412\u0441\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c, \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0435, \u044f \u043e\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0430\u044e \u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435 – \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445. \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c – \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u042f \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c, \u0411\u043e\u0433 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0439; \u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u043e\u043c \u041c\u043e\u0438\u043c».<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 «\u041b\u044f \u0438\u043b\u044f\u0445\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445» (\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430) \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c\u044e. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0443\u044e<\/strong> \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442: \"\u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u043b \u0421\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430\". \u042d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0432\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0435\u0431\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d, 19:88-90).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 3 \u0438\u0437 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\u041c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0443<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0439. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b – \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435. \u041c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438. \u042f \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044e\u0431\u043e\u043a. \u042f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u044f \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430.  \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044f \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u044b, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0448\u043f\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0430 (\u043a\u0430\u043a, \u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445). \u0423 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0446. \u042f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0443 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0443. \u041e\u0442\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0437\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0449\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043c. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0448\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c – \u0441 \u044f\u0445\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443) – \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0443.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041c\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0436\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438. \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0442. \u042f \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a. \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435: \u0411\u043e\u0433 – \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u041a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d, \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b, \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0415\u043c\u0443. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e - \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u0437\u0443\u0431\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 – \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b, \u0430 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432.  \u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u044f\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0415\u0433\u043e. \u042f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0418\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0441\u044e \u043c\u043e\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c. \u041d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0430.  \u042f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u0423\u0432\u044b, \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435, \u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0430\u0445. \u041d\u043e \u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u044e\u0441\u044c \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c. \u042f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e – \u043d\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435. \u042f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0430\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u0436\u0430\u043b\u0435\u044e \u043d\u0438 \u043e \u0447\u0435\u043c, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c, \u041a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435. \u041e\u043d – \u0422\u043e\u0442 \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043e \u041a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0443<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044e \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0415\u0433\u043e. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u041d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u044c\u043c\u044b \u043a \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0443. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0442\u044c\u043c\u0435 – \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e. \u042f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044e \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 – \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0447\u0438\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e  \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442  \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0445\u0443\u0436\u0435. \u042f \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u044e – \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0447\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":8037,"lft":2914,"rght":2915,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-27T03:27:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-06T09:11:10.000000Z","language_id":5,"user_id":7,"author_id":2274,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":1564,"author_name":"Diane Charles Breslin","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-08-27","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.docx"},{"id":1569,"title":"Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Cat\u00f3lica, EUA","slug":"diane-charles-breslin-ex-catlica-eua","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:diane-charles-breslin-ex-catlica-eua","hint":"","body":"

Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Católica, EUA<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

(parte 1 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Quando me perguntam como eu me tornei muçulmana eu sempre respondo que eu sempre me senti uma crente no ÚNICO, mas eu só percebi o que isso significava quando eu li sobre uma religião chamada Islã e um livro chamado Alcorão.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Mas deixem-me primeiro começar com uma breve sinopse de meu histórico predominantemente católico irlandês tradicional.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Eu Era de Fato Católica<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

O meu pai deixou o seminário após três anos de treino como um missionário.  Ele era o mais velho de treze filhos, todos nascidos e criados na área de Boston.  Duas de suas irmãs se tornaram freiras, como sua tia materna.  O irmão mais novo do meu pai também estava no seminário, e  o abandonou após nove anos, pouco antes de fazer seus votos finais.  A minha avó acordava na alvorada para se vestir e ir até à igreja local para a missa da manhã, enquanto o resto da casa dormia.  Eu lembro dela como uma mulher muito severa, gentil, justa, forte e profunda – algo nada usual naquela época.  Eu tenho certeza que ela nunca ouviu falar do Islã, e que Deus a julgue de acordo com as crenças que ela mantinha em seu coração.  Muitos que nunca ouviram falar do Islã oram para o Único por instinto, embora tenham herdado rótulos de várias denominações de seus ancestrais.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Eu estava inscrita em um jardim de infância católico aos 4 anos e passei os 12 anos seguintes de minha vida cercada por fortes doses de doutrinação trinitária.  As cruzes estavam em todo lugar, o dia todo – nas próprias freiras, nas paredes da sala de aula, na igreja que freqüentávamos quase diariamente, e em quase todo cômodo da minha casa.  Sem mencionar as estátuas e figuras sagradas – em todo lugar que você olhasse havia Jesus ainda bebê e sua mãe, Maria – algumas vezes felizes, outras vezes tristes, mas sempre classicamente brancos e com feições anglo-americanas.  Uma variedade de figuras de anjos e santos estavam presentes, dependendo do feriado que se aproximava.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Eu tenho memórias vívidas de pegar lilases e lírios-do-vale de nosso jardim para fazer buquês que eu colocava no vaso na base da nossa maior estátua da Virgem Maria, no corredor próximo ao meu quarto.  Ali eu me ajoelhava e orava, desfrutando do agradável aroma de flores frescas e serenamente contemplando o quão adorável era o longo cabelo castanho de Maria.  Eu posso afirmar sem sombra de dúvidas que eu nunca orei PARA ELA ou senti que ela tivesse quaisquer poderes para me ajudar.  O mesmo era verdadeiro quando eu segurava o meu rosário à noite na cama.  Eu repetia as súplicas rituais do Pai Nosso e da Ave-Maria e o Glória ao Pai, tudo enquanto olhava para cima e dizia do fundo do meu coração – eu sei que só Tu existes, o Todo-Poderoso - eu só estou dizendo isso porque é tudo que eu aprendi.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

No meu aniversário de doze anos a minha mãe me deu uma Bíblia.  Como católicos nós não éramos encorajados a ler qualquer coisa exceto o nosso Catecismo de Baltimore, sancionado pelo Vaticano.  Qualquer introspecção comparativa era negada e desacreditada.  Ainda assim eu lia fervorosamente, procurando conhecer o que eu esperava ser uma estória sobre o meu criador.  Eu fiquei ainda mais confusa.  Esse livro era obviamente o trabalho de homens, complicado e difícil de entender.  Mas era tudo que estava disponível.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Eu parei de freqüentar a igreja no meio da minha adolescência, como era a norma para a minha geração, e quando eu cheguei aos vinte anos, eu basicamente não tinha uma religião formal.   Eu li muito sobre Budismo, Hinduísmo e até tentei a igreja Batista local por alguns meses.  Elas não foram suficientes para prender a minha atenção, as primeiras eram muito exóticas e a última muito provinciana.  Ainda assim através dos anos em que não pratiquei formalmente, não se passava um dia que eu não \"conversasse com deus\" especialmente quando eu ia dormir, sempre para agradecer por todas as bênçãos e pedir ajuda para qualquer problema que estivesse passando.  Era sempre o mesmo ÚNICO a quem eu me dirigia, certa de que Ele estava ouvindo e confiante em Seu amor e proteção.  Ninguém nunca me ensinou algo a esse respeito; era puro instinto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (parte 2 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Os Outros<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Foi durante a minha preparação para obtenção do meu mestrado que eu li o Alcorão pela primeira vez.  Até então, como a maioria dos americanos, eu sabia “dos árabes” apenas como predadores misteriosos, prontos para atacar nossa civilização.  O Islã nunca era mencionado – apenas os árabes sujos, camelos e tendas no deserto.  Como uma criança na aula de religião, freqüentemente eu me perguntava quem eram as outras pessoas.  Jesus caminhava em Canaã, Galiléia e Nazaré, mas tinha olhos azuis - quem eram as outras pessoas?  Eu tinha um senso de que havia um elo perdido em algum lugar.  Em 1967 durante a guerra árabe-israelense todos nós tivemos um primeira impressão das outras pessoas, e elas eram claramente identificadas com o inimigo pela maioria.  Mas eu gostava deles, e sem razão aparente.  Eu até hoje não posso explicar isso, exceto que eu compreendia que eles eram meus irmãos muçulmanos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Eu estava com 35 anos quando li minha primeira página do Alcorão.  Eu o abri com a intenção de uma pesquisada casual para me informar sobre a religião dos habitantes da região sobre a qual eu estava me especializando para o meu diploma de mestrado.  Deus fez com que o livro caísse aberto na Surata al-Muminum (Os Crentes) versículos 52-54:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Verdadeiramente, esta é a vossa nação, uma nação única, e Eu sou vosso Senhor. Então, temei-Me.  Mas eles quebraram o mandamento em seitas, cada um jubiloso em sua crença.  Então, deixa-os em seu erro até um certo tempo.” (Alcorão 23:52-54)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Da primeira leitura eu sabia que havia uma certa verdade – clara e poderosa, revelando a essência de toda a humanidade e confirmando tudo que eu tinha estudado como uma especialista em História.   A patética rejeição da verdade pela humanidade, sua incessante competição vã para ser especial e sua negligência do propósito de sua própria existência, tudo exposto em poucas palavras.   Estados-nações, nacionalidades, culturas, línguas – todos se sentindo superiores quando, de fato, todas essas identidades mascaram a única realidade que nós devemos ficar felizes em compartilhar – servir a um mestre, O ÚNICO Que criou tudo e Que é dono de tudo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Eu Continuo a Amar Jesus e Maria<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Quando criança eu costumava dizer a frase “Virgem Maria, mãe de Deus, rogai por nós pecadores, agora e na hora de nossa morte, Amém,” encontrada na oração “Ave-Maria”.   Eu agora vejo o quanto Maria foi difamada pelas falsas afirmações sobre ela ser mãe de Deus.  É suficiente vê-la como escolhida sobre todas as mulheres para conceber o grande profeta Jesus através do Nascimento Virginal.  A minha mãe freqüentemente justificava suas súplicas constantes à Maria explicando que ela também era mãe e entendia os sofrimentos de uma mãe.  Seria muito mais útil para a minha mãe e todos os outros contemplar como a pura Maria foi caluniada pelos judeus de seu tempo, acusada de um pecado muito desprezível, o da fornicação.  Maria suportou tudo isso, sabendo que ela seria vindicada pelo Todo-Poderoso e que ela receberia forças para suportar todas as calúnias.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Esse reconhecimento da fé de Maria e confiança na misericórdia de Deus permite que se reconheça a sua posição mais exaltada entre as mulheres, e ao mesmo tempo remove a calúnia de chamá-la de mãe de Deus, o que é uma acusação ainda pior do que a dos judeus de seu tempo. Como muçulmano você pode amar Maria e Jesus, mas amar mais a Deus concederá a você o Paraíso, porque são Dele as regras que você deve obedecer. Ele o julgará em um dia no qual ninguém poderá ajudá-lo.  Ele criou você, Jesus e sua abençoada mãe Maria, como Ele criou Muhammad.  Todos morreram ou morrerão – Deus nunca morre.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Jesus (Isa em árabe) nunca clamou ser Deus.  Ao contrário, ele repetidamente se referiu a si próprio como um enviado.  Quando eu olho para trás e reflito sobre a confusão que experimentei em minha juventude, vejo que suas raízes residem na alegação da igreja de que Jesus era mais do que ele próprio admitia.   Os pais da igreja formularam uma doutrina para inventar o conceito de Trindade.  É essa interpretação confusa do Torá e Injil [Evangelho] originais (escrituras dadas a Moisés e Jesus) que está no centro da questão da Trindade.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

É suficiente simplesmente afirmar que Jesus foi um profeta, sim, um mensageiro que veio com a palavra Daquele Que o enviou.   Se nós vermos Jesus, que Deus o exalte, em sua perspectiva correta, é fácil então aceitar Muhammad, que Deus o exalte, como seu irmão mais jovem que veio com a mesma missão – chamar todos à adoração do ÚNICO Todo-Poderoso, Que criou tudo e para Quem nós retornaremos.   Não é importante debater suas características físicas.  Árabe, judeu, caucasiano, olhos azuis ou castanhos, cabelos longos ou curtos - tudo é completamente irrelevante em comparação à sua importância como portadores da mensagem.  Toda vez que eu penso em Jesus agora, após conhecer o Islã, eu sinto aquela conexão que se sente em uma família feliz – uma família de crentes.  Você vê Jesus como um “muçulmano”, alguém que se submeteu ao seu Senhor.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O primeiro dos “Dez Mandamentos” declara:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1.    Eu sou o Senhor teu Deus, não terás outros deuses além de mim.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2.    Tu não tomarás o nome do Senhor teu deus em vão.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Qualquer um que conheça o significado correto de  “la ilaha ill-Allah” (não existe deus exceto Deus) imediatamente reconhecerá a semelhança nesse testemunho.  Então nós podemos realmente unir a estória real de todos os profetas e por um fim às distorções.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“E eles dizem que o Misericordioso tomou para Si um filho.  De fato fizeste algo terrível.  Por causa disso os céus quase se despedaçam, e a terra se fende, e as montanhas caem em ruínas.” (Alcorão 19:88-90)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(parte 3 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Minha Jornada ao Islã<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Eu levei três anos completos de minha busca e estudo do Alcorão antes de estar pronta para proclamar que eu queria ser uma muçulmana.  Claro que eu temia as mudanças na vestimenta e hábitos, como namorar e beber, com os quais eu tinha me acostumado.  A música e a dança eram uma grande parte de minha vida, e biquínis e mini-saias eram o meu caminho para a fama.  Todo esse tempo eu não tive chance de encontrar quaisquer muçulmanos, já que não havia nenhum em minha área exceto uns poucos imigrantes que falavam inglês muito mal na única mesquita no estado na época, a uma hora de viagem.  Quando eu ia à Oração de Sexta-Feira para tentar e checar o que eu estava considerando, eu recebia olhares furtivos e talvez fosse considerada uma espiã como era o caso, e ainda é, na maioria das reuniões islâmicas.  Não havia um único muçulmano americano disponível para me ajudar e, como eu disse, toda a população imigrante era muito fria, para dizer o mínimo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

No meio dessa fase da minha vida o meu pai morreu de câncer.  Eu estava ao lado do seu leito e literalmente testemunhei o anjo da morte remover sua alma.  Ele foi tomado pelo temor enquanto lágrimas rolavam pelo seu rosto.  Uma vida de luxo, iates, clubes de campo, carros caros...para ele e minha mãe, tudo resultante de juros, e agora estava tudo acabado.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Eu senti um desejo repentino de entrar no Islã rapidamente, enquanto havia tempo, mudar meu estilo de vida e não continuar seguindo cegamente o que eu tinha sido educada para acreditar que era uma boa vida.  Pouco depois eu vim para o Egito, e me envolvi em uma longa e lenta jornada através do milagre da língua árabe e a descoberta da verdade clara – Deus é Um, o Eterno; Aquele que nunca nasceu ou deu à luz e nada é comparável a Ele.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

É a igualdade resultante entre os humanos que também me atraiu muito para a religião.  O Profeta Muhammad, que Deus o exalte, disse que as pessoas são como dentes de um pente – todas iguais, as melhores sendo as mais virtuosas.  No Alcorão, nos é dito que os melhores são os mais piedosos.  Piedade envolve amor e temência a Deus somente.  Entretanto, antes de você poder ser  realmente piedoso, deve aprender quem é Deus.  E conhecê-Lo é amá-Lo.  Eu comecei a aprender árabe para ler a palavra de Allah em árabe, como ela foi revelada.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Aprender o Alcorão mudou cada faceta da minha vida.  Eu não desejava mais ter quaisquer luxos terrenos; nem carros, nem roupas, nem viagens podem me atrair para aquela rede de desejos vãos na qual eu estava presa antes.   Eu desfruto da vida boa de uma crente; mas como eles dizem...não está mais embutida no coração... apenas no que está a mão.  Eu não temo a perda de meus antigos amigos ou parentes – se Deus escolher aproximá-los, então que seja, mas eu sei que Deus me concede exatamente o que eu preciso, nem mais, nem menos.  Eu não me sinto mais ansiosa ou triste, nem me arrependo do que se passou comigo, porque eu estou segura sob a proteção de Deus – O ÚNICO que eu sempre conheci mas não sabia Seu nome.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Uma Oração Pela América<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Eu oro a Deus Todo-Poderoso que permita a cada americano a oportunidade de receber a mensagem da Unicidade de Deus em uma forma simples e direta...Os americanos são, em sua maioria, extremamente mal informados em relação à teologia islâmica correta.  A ênfase é quase sempre na política, que foca nos atos dos homens.  É hora de nos concentrarmos nos atos dos profetas que vieram para nos tirar das trevas e nos levar até a luz.  Não há dúvida que as trevas prevalecem na doença que afeta a América agora.  A luz da verdade nos servirá a todos, e independentemente se alguém escolhe ou não seguir o caminho do Islã, não há dúvida de que bloqueá-lo ou ocultá-lo de outros certamente levará a mais miséria.  Eu me preocupo muito com o futuro saudável do meu país, e eu estou muito certa de que aprender mais sobre o Islã aumentará as chances de minhas esperanças serem alcançadas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":11117,"lft":2916,"rght":2917,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-27T03:27:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-06T03:46:22.000000Z","language_id":15,"user_id":7,"author_id":2274,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":1564,"author_name":"Diane Charles Breslin","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-08-27","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.docx"},{"id":1570,"title":"\u7f8e\u56fd\u539f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u9edb\u6069\u00b7\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u6797","slug":"shhsdh","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Diane Charles Breslin, Ex-Catholic, USA.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:shhsdh","hint":"","body":"

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\uff082\/3\uff09<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

“\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba”<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

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“<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u786e\u662f\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\uff0c\u6545\u4f60\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u656c\u754f\u6211\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u6559\u4e49\u800c\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u8bb8\u591a\u5b97\u6d3e\uff0c\u5404\u6d3e\u90fd\u56e0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u800c\u6cbe\u6cbe\u81ea\u559c\u3002\u4f60\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6682\u65f6\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5427\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>23<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>52-54<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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1\u3001\u6211\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u865a\u5047\u7684\u795e\u7075\u4e3a\u6211\u4f34\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2\u3001\u4f60\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4f60\u517b\u80b2\u4e3b\u7684\u5c0a\u540d\u5f92\u52b3\u5730\u547c\u53eb\u5047\u795e\u7075\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u51e1\u662f\u77e5\u9053“la ilaha ill-Allah”\uff08\u9664\u5b89\u62c9\u5916\u7edd\u65e0\u5e94\u53d7\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u4e3b\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u9a6c\u4e0a\u627f\u8ba4\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u8bcd\u3002\u7136\u540e\u62ff\u6765\u5723\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5bf9\u5723\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u767e\u822c\u6b6a\u66f2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4ed6<\/strong>\u4eec\u8bf4\uff1a<\/strong>‘<\/strong>\u81f3\u4ec1\u4e3b\u6536\u517b\u513f\u5b50\u3002<\/strong>’<\/strong>\u4f60<\/strong>\u4eec\u786e\u5df2\u72af\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u91cd\u5927\u7f6a\u884c\u3002\u5929\u51e0\u4e4e\u8981\u7834\uff0c\u5730\u51e0\u4e4e\u8981\u88c2\uff0c\u5c71\u51e0\u4e4e\u8981\u5d29\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>19<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>88-90<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\uff083\/3\uff09<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7948\u7977<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

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 <\/p>\r\n

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\"\"<\/h1>\r\n

\uff08\u30d1\u30fc\u30c81\/3 \uff09<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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\uff08\u30d1\u30fc\u30c82 \/3\uff09<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\u4ed6\u306e\u4eba\u3005<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

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“<\/strong>\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u306e\u3053\u306e\u30a6\u30f3\u30de\uff08\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff09\u306f\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u308f\u308c\u306f\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u306e\u4e3b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u308f\u308c\u3092\u754f\u308c\u3088\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306a\u306e\u306b\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u8af8\u5b97\u6d3e\u306b\u5206\u88c2\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3082\u5404\u6d3e\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u304c\u7d20\u6674\u3089\u3057\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3060\u304b\u3089\u5f53\u5206\u306e\u9593\uff0c\u8ff7\u3044\u306e\u307e\u307e\u306b\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u653e\u7f6e\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/strong>”(<\/strong>\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong>23:52-54)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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“<\/strong>\u307e\u305f\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u8a00\u3046\u3002\u300c\u6148\u60b2\u6df1\u304d\u5fa1\u65b9\u306f\u5b50\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u300d\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u306f\uff0c\u9177\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a00\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5929\u306f\u88c2\u3051\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\uff0c\u5730\u306f\u5272\u308c\u3066\u5207\u3005\u306b\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u5c71\u3005\u306f\u5d29\u308c\u843d\u3061\u3088\u3046\u3002<\/strong>(<\/strong>\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong>19:88-90) ”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u3078\u306e\u7948\u308a<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

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 <\/p>\r\n

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