{"title":"Ansar Al-Adl","author":{"id":3431,"name":"Ansar Al-Adl","slug":"ansar_al_adl","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":"","promote":0,"status":1,"created_at":"2014-12-18T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2014-12-18T09:00:00.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"Ansar Al-Adl"},"books":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431?books_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431?books_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"&laquo; Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431?books_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next &raquo;","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"videos":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431?videos_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431?videos_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"&laquo; Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431?videos_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next &raquo;","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"audios":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431?audios_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431?audios_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"&laquo; Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431?audios_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next &raquo;","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"articles":{"current_page":1,"data":[{"id":3265,"title":"Concept of Gender Equality in Islam","slug":"concept-of-gender-equality-in-islam","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:concept-of-gender-equality-in-islam","hint":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large; color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/span>&nbsp;\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large; color: #000000;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641:<\/span> \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large; color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631:<\/span>&nbsp;\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large; color: #000000;\"><strong><br \/><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","body":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><strong>Concept of Gender Equality in Islam<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><strong><img src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Concept_of_Gender_Equality_in_Islam_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>(part 1 of 2): Physiology<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Before discussing the concept of equality and how it relates to men and women in Islam, we need to make an important distinction.&nbsp; Many people who speak about equality presume that this should be reflected in treating two groups exactly the same.&nbsp; However, this is manifestly not always the proper thing to do.&nbsp; People&rsquo;s needs, strengths, abilities and disabilities need to be accommodated and considered as opposed to subjecting all to a single standard that may only be suitable for a few.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Thus we need to make a distinction between the superficial procedural equality and the substantive equality, which is justice.&nbsp; Most societies recognize that the important thing is not to focus on superficial procedural equality but to provide substantive equality for all its citizens, which treats them justly according to their needs and circumstances.&nbsp; Human beings favor substantive equality over procedural equality on a daily basis because we recognize that the former allows for justice.&nbsp; We accommodate in our workplaces, schools, and commercial areas, those with disabilities.&nbsp; We recognize the need for social services to take care of the impoverished in the society, while the wealthy are subject to taxes.&nbsp; We give extra attention and consideration to those experiencing emotional, psychological, or physical difficulties in their lives.&nbsp; All of this is substantive equality, equity and justice.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Men and Women<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">When it comes to men and women, everyone recognizes that there are inherent indisputable differences between men and women.&nbsp; They are not identical; men and women are naturally different in many ways.&nbsp; As a result, it does not follow logically to neglect those differences and advocate a single standard in matters where they are not the same.&nbsp; That may be procedural equality, but it is not substantive equality.&nbsp; For example, it would be unjust for a husband to suggest that his wife work equally as hard as he does when she is pregnant.&nbsp; Justice is served by recognizing the burden of pregnancy and the need for the husband to adjust accordingly.&nbsp; There are obvious biological differences - men experience neither menstrual periods nor childbirth while women generally live longer and have less health problems at an elderly age.&nbsp; The AARP Bulletin published<a title=\" 8 Health Differences Between Men and Women, Gaby Gollub. (http:\/\/www.aarp.org\/bulletin\/yourhealth\/Articles\/a2004-02-17-8diff.html)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/458\/#_ftn9247\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;an article on 8 health differences between men and women:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">When it comes to health, differences between men and women extend well beyond their attitude toward getting annual checkups and needed treatment.&nbsp; In case men need a few reasons to make a doctor&rsquo;s appointment, they should consider the following:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The life expectancy for men in the United States, 74.4, is a little more than five years shorter than for women, 79.8.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Cancer kills men at a higher rate than it kills women.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Of those killed by heart disease before age 65, 70 percent are men.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Sleep apnea, a potentially serious disorder that causes breathing to stop and start repeatedly during sleep, is more common in men than women.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Four times as many men die by suicide, the number-eight cause of death among men.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Men are 50 percent more likely than women to develop coronary heart disease after age 40.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Men have fewer infection-fighting T-cells than women.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">By the age of 100, women outnumber men eight to one.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">In the Olympics, men and women compete separately because of physiological differences.&nbsp; At the age of 18 years, the average male is 70.2 inches tall and weighs 144.8 pounds, while the average female is 64.4 inches tall and weighs 126.6 pounds.&nbsp; On the basis of weight, men have 50% greater total muscle mass than women.&nbsp; The average woman&rsquo;s heart is 25% smaller than that of the average man.&nbsp; Women carry about ten percentage points more fat than men.<a title=\" Performance Moderator Functions for Human Behavior Modeling in Military Simulations (ADDENDUM) Adrenaline &ndash; Khat &ndash; Exertion, Chang Y Chung, Dr. Barry G. Silverman, Jason Cornwell. (http:\/\/64.233.167.104\/search?q=cache:OYtYvD7FS3QJ:www.seas.upenn.edu\/%7Eb\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/458\/#_ftn9248\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">In academics, women generally score higher than men in subjects such as languages and humanities while the opposite is true for mathematics and sciences.&nbsp; Both genders have unique strengths and capabilities.&nbsp; Concerning the psychological differences between men and women, an article entitled Men and Women Really Do Think Differently quotes a recent neurological study:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Psychology professor Richard Haier of the University of California, Irvine led the research along with colleagues from the University of New Mexico.&nbsp; Their findings show that in general, men have nearly 6.5 times the amount of gray matter related to general intelligence compared with women, whereas women have nearly 10 times the amount of white matter related to intelligence compared to men.&nbsp; [...]In human brains, gray matter represents information processing centers, whereas white matter works to network these processing centers.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The results from this study may help explain why men and women excel at different types of tasks, said co-author and neuropsychologist Rex Jung of the University of New Mexico.&nbsp; For example, men tend to do better with tasks requiring more localized processing, such as mathematics, Jung said, while women are better at integrating and assimilating information from distributed gray-matter regions of the brain, which aids language skills.<a title=\" Men and Women Really Do Think Differently, Bjorn Carey, LiveScience. (http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/humanbiology\/050120_brain_sex.html)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/458\/#_ftn9249\">[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Another article published in&nbsp;<em>Psychology Today<\/em>&nbsp;describes the differences between men and women as &lsquo;inescapable&rsquo;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">When it comes to speaking and making hand movements that contribute to motor skill, the brain seems to be very focally organized in women compared with men.&nbsp; This may relate to the fact that girls generally speak earlier, articulate better and also have better fine motor control of the hands.&nbsp; Also, a larger proportion of women than men are right-handed, and unequivocally so.&nbsp; But when it comes to certain, more-abstract tasks, such as defining words, women&rsquo;s brains are more diffusely organized than men&rsquo;s, although men and women don&rsquo;t differ in overall vocabulary ability.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">[...] Neuropsychologist Marian Diamond of the University of California at Berkeley, comparing cortical thickness in male and female rats, did find that the right cortex is thicker in males at most ages, while the left cortex is thicker in females but only at some ages (see &ldquo;A Love Affair with the brain,&rdquo;&nbsp;<em>Psychology Today<\/em>, November 1984).&nbsp; [...]The fact seems inescapable that men and women do differ genetically, physiologically and in many important ways psychologically.<a title=\" Male Brain, Female Brain: The Hidden Difference, Psychology Today Nov, 1985\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/458\/#_ftn9250\">[4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Modern psychological research continues to unveil differences in men and women from the most obvious in behavioral patterns to those as trivial as picking out an angry face in a crowd.&nbsp; In light of such manifest differences between the two genders, it is unsuitable for men and women to assume identical roles.&nbsp; As mentioned in a&nbsp;<em>New York Times<\/em>&nbsp;article on Women&rsquo;s health:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">In contrast to the feminist premise that women can do anything men can do, science is demonstrating that women can do some things better, that they have many biological and cognitive advantages over men.&nbsp; Then again, there are some things that women don&rsquo;t do as well.<a title=\" The New York Times. (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/specials\/women\/nyt98\/21saga.html)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/458\/#_ftn9251\">[5]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">God created us with different but complementary strengths and capabilities.&nbsp; A man does not need to become a woman nor vice versa in order to be successful.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref9247\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>8 Health Differences Between Men and Women<\/em>, Gaby Gollub. (http:\/\/www.aarp.org\/bulletin\/yourhealth\/Articles\/a2004-02-17-8diff.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref9248\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Performance Moderator Functions for Human Behavior Modeling in Military Simulations (ADDENDUM) Adrenaline &ndash; Khat &ndash; Exertion, Chang Y Chung, Dr. Barry G. Silverman, Jason Cornwell. (http:\/\/64.233.167.104\/search?q=cache:OYtYvD7FS3QJ:www.seas.upenn.edu\/%7Ebarryg\/PMF_Addendum1.doc)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref9249\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Men and Women Really Do Think Differently<\/em>, Bjorn Carey, LiveScience. (http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/humanbiology\/050120_brain_sex.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref9250\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;Male Brain, Female Brain: The Hidden Difference,&nbsp;<em>Psychology Today<\/em>&nbsp;Nov, 1985<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref9251\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>The New York Times<\/em>. (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/specials\/women\/nyt98\/21saga.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>(part 2 of 2): Substantive Equality of Men and Women<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Islam recognizes that while men and women have some physical differences, spiritually they enjoy absolute equality before God.&nbsp; The Quran and Sunnah are unequivocal in stating that one&rsquo;s gender will have absolutely no bearing on their reward or punishment in the next life.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;I shall not lose sight of the labor of any of you who labors in My way, be it man or woman; you proceed one from another&hellip;&rdquo; (Quran 3:195)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;If any do deeds of righteousness,- be they male or female - and have faith, they will enter Heaven, and not the least injustice will be done to them.&rdquo; (Quran 4:124)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Whoever works righteousness, man or woman, and has Faith, verily, to him will We give a new Life, a life that is good and pure, and We will bestow on such their reward according to the best of their actions.&rdquo; (Quran 16:97)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;He that works evil will not be requited but by the like thereof: and he that works a righteous deed - whether man or woman - and is a Believer- such will enter the Garden (of Bliss): Therein will they have abundance without measure.&rdquo; (Quran 40:40)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Indeed, the Muslim men and Muslim women - the believing men and believing women, the obedient men and obedient women, the truthful men and truthful women, the patient men and patient women, the humble men and humble women, the charitable men and charitable women, the fasting men and fasting women, the men who guard their private parts and the women who do so, and the men who remember God often and the women who do so - for all has God prepared forgiveness and a great reward.&rdquo; (Quran 33:35)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;O mankind! &nbsp;We have created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know one another.&nbsp; Verily, the most honorable of you with God is the most pious.&nbsp; Verily, God is All-Knowing, All-Aware.&rdquo; (Quran 49:13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Therefore, Islam openly declares that men and women have an equal status and value before God, and piety alone differentiates one individual from another.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">In legal and practical aspects, the general rules are the same for men and women.&nbsp; Both have the same acts of worships, the same Islamic etiquette and manners, and are subject to the same legal penalties.&nbsp; But there are also many cases where the rulings are different.&nbsp; Women are exempted from fasting and prayer during their period.&nbsp; Men are prohibited from wearing gold and silk while women are allowed to, as it is women&rsquo;s nature to beautify themselves.&nbsp; Friday prayers are obligatory for men but optional for women.&nbsp; Men must spend their money on the family but a woman&rsquo;s money is entirely her own to spend as she chooses.&nbsp; There are differences in clothing requirements as well, since the physical appearance of men and women is dissimilar.&nbsp; All of this is reflective of the natural differences between men and women.&nbsp; So in lesser jurisprudential matters, Islam treats men and women according to their inherent differences as per substantive equality and in the interest of justice.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">In conclusion, Islam affirms the absolute spiritual equality of men and women, and assigns both an equal rank before God.&nbsp; In jurisprudential matters, Islam promotes the substantive equality of men and women, recognizes their unique strengths and capabilities, and rules accordingly protecting the rights of both.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":17604,"lft":6377,"rght":6394,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-18T18:53:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-09T05:51:03.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":13,"author_id":3431,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"Ansar Al-Adl","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-12-18","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx"},{"id":3266,"title":"El concepto de igualdad de g\u00e9neros en el Islam","slug":"el-concepto-de-igualdad-de-gneros-en-el-islam","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:el-concepto-de-igualdad-de-gneros-en-el-islam","hint":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large; color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/span>&nbsp;\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large; color: #000000;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641:<\/span> \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large; color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631:<\/span>&nbsp;\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large; color: #000000;\"><strong><br \/><\/strong><\/span><\/div>","body":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><strong><strong>El concepto de igualdad de g&eacute;neros en el Islam<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Concept_of_Gender_Equality_in_Islam_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>(parte 1 de 2) Fisiolog&iacute;a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Este art&iacute;culo vierte luz sobre las diferencias entre los hombres y mujeres detalladas por la ciencia moderna, y c&oacute;mo debe ser comprendido el concepto de justicia en referencia a cada uno de los dos sexos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Antes de internarnos en la cuesti&oacute;n de la justicia y la igualdad entre g&eacute;neros en el Islam, debemos hacer una importante distinci&oacute;n: mucha gente, al hablar de igualdad entre los dos g&eacute;neros, parte err&oacute;neamente de la idea de que ambos son iguales y, por ende, los dos grupos deben ser tratados exactamente igual.&nbsp; Esto es completamente err&oacute;neo, ya que las necesidades, fortalezas y debilidades de la gente son completamente diferentes seg&uacute;n su sexo, de tal manera que nunca se debe pretender imponer una &uacute;nica regla sin tener en cuenta las diferencias entre los dos g&eacute;neros.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Por lo tanto, debemos hacer diferencias entre la equidad formal que supone la consideraci&oacute;n de igualdad entre los g&eacute;neros y la verdadera equidad, que es la justicia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La mayor&iacute;a de las sociedades reconocen que no se debe poner &eacute;nfasis en los aspectos formales de la equidad, sino en el asunto de fondo: la equidad sustancial.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">As&iacute;, se puede satisfacer las necesidades espec&iacute;ficas de cada grupo sin dejar de observar las diferentes necesidades y capacidades que los afectan.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Se debe prestar atenci&oacute;n a estas diferencias de necesidades, de igual manera que acondicionamos nuestros lugares de trabajo, espacios p&uacute;blicos y escuelas a las necesidades de las personas que tienen alguna discapacidad, reconocemos la necesidad de implementar sistemas de asistencia para los pobres, mientras que los ricos est&aacute;n sujetos al pago de impuestos.&nbsp; As&iacute;, prestamos atenci&oacute;n a los aspectos emocionales, psicol&oacute;gicos y f&iacute;sicos referidos a las necesidades espec&iacute;ficas de cada grupo, esto es equidad sustancial, es justicia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Hombre y mujer<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Respecto a hombres y mujeres, todos reconocemos que hay diferencias indiscutibles e inherentes entre ambos.&nbsp; Es evidente que el hombre y la mujer no son iguales; de hecho, ser&iacute;a muy injusto seguir un mismo standard para hombres y mujeres.&nbsp; Por ejemplo, resultar&aacute; evidentemente injusto para cualquier marido, que su esposa deba trabajar la misma cantidad de horas que &eacute;l cuando ella se encuentra embarazada; lo justo ser&iacute;a reconocer la carga que est&aacute; soportando y aliviar a la mujer de acuerdo a sus necesidades.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Estas diferencias biol&oacute;gicas son obvias.&nbsp; Podr&iacute;amos agregar que los hombres no experimentan ni per&iacute;odos menstruales ni parto, mientras que las mujeres generalmente viven m&aacute;s tiempo y tienen menos problemas de salud a edad avanzada.&nbsp; Un Bolet&iacute;n de AARP dice en su art&iacute;culo 8<a title=\" Health Differences Between Men and Women, Gaby Gollub. (http:\/\/www.aarp.org\/bulletin\/yourhealth\/Articles\/a2004-02-17-8diff.html)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/458\/#_ftn10878\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;refiri&eacute;ndose a la diferencia entre hombres y mujeres:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Trat&aacute;ndose de personas saludables, existen notorias diferencias en el cuidado de la salud de varones y mujeres, en lo que se refiere a chequeos y controles peri&oacute;dicos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Los varones, en general, s&oacute;lo concurren al m&eacute;dico cuando tienen alguna raz&oacute;n, mientras que las mujeres se realizan chequeos de rutina.&nbsp; Adem&aacute;s, se deben considerar los siguientes puntos:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La expectativa de vida para los varones en Estados Unidos (74,4 a&ntilde;os) es cinco a&ntilde;os m&aacute;s baja que para las mujeres (79,8 a&ntilde;os).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La incidencia del c&aacute;ncer es mucho m&aacute;s alta en varones que en mujeres.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">De las muertes causadas por infartos, el 65,7 % son varones.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La apnea y el insomnio, as&iacute; como otros des&oacute;rdenes del sue&ntilde;o que suelen causar serios problemas, tienen mucha m&aacute;s incidencia en los varones que en las mujeres.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La cantidad de varones muertos por suicidio es cuatro veces mayor que la de mujeres.&nbsp; Y esta es la octava causal de muertes de varones.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Los varones tienen un cincuenta por ciento m&aacute;s posibilidades que las mujeres de sufrir un infarto de arteria coronaria y morir antes de los 40 a&ntilde;os.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Los hombres son m&aacute;s vulnerables a las infecciones que las mujeres, debido a la conformaci&oacute;n del sistema inmunol&oacute;gico.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Por cada var&oacute;n que alcanza la edad de cien a&ntilde;os, hay ocho mujeres que llegan a esta edad.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">En los Juegos ol&iacute;mpicos, los hombres y las mujeres compiten separadamente debido a las diferencias fisiol&oacute;gicas.&nbsp; A la edad de 18 a&ntilde;os, el var&oacute;n promedio mide 1.78 metros de alto y pesa 65.3 kilogramos, mientras la media de las mujeres es 1.63 metros de altura con un peso de 57.2 kilogramos.&nbsp; En base al peso, los hombres tienen 50% m&aacute;s masa muscular que las mujeres.&nbsp; El coraz&oacute;n de la mujer es 25% m&aacute;s peque&ntilde;o que el del hombre en promedio.&nbsp; Las mujeres poseen aproximadamente un 10% m&aacute;s de tejido adiposo que los varones.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">En el campo intelectual, las mujeres se destacan m&aacute;s que los varones en idiomas y ciencias sociales, mientras que los varones superan a las mujeres en matem&aacute;ticas y&nbsp; ciencias.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">En lo psicol&oacute;gico, un estudio reciente titulado&nbsp;<em>Varones y mujeres son realmente diferentes,&nbsp;<\/em>revela marcadas diferencias neurol&oacute;gicas entre ambos g&eacute;neros:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El profesor Richard Haier de la Universidad de California, realiz&oacute; una profunda investigaci&oacute;n junto con sus colegas de la Universidad de Nuevo M&eacute;xico.&nbsp; Los resultados indican que los hombres tienen casi 6.5 m&aacute;s veces materia gris, relacionada a inteligencia general, en comparaci&oacute;n con las mujeres; y a su vez, las mujeres tienen casi 10 veces la cantidad de materia blanca relacionada a inteligencia en comparaci&oacute;n a los hombres.&nbsp; [...] En la inteligencia humana, es en la materia gris donde radica la elaboraci&oacute;n de procesos mentales, y la blanca es la que permite relacionar conceptos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Los resultados de este estudio pueden ayudar a explicar por qu&eacute; los hombres y las mujeres realizan mejor diferentes tipos de tareas, dijo Jung en la Universidad de Nuevo M&eacute;xico.&nbsp; Por ejemplo, los hombres tienden a hacer bien tareas que requieren el proceso m&aacute;s localizado, como las matem&aacute;ticas; mientras las mujeres suelen ser m&aacute;s capaces para integrar y asimilar informaci&oacute;n relacionando conceptos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Otro art&iacute;culo, publicado en la revista estadounidense&nbsp;<em>Psychology today,<\/em>&nbsp;dice que las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres son &ldquo;ineludibles&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">En lo referido a las capacidades del habla y la motricidad fina de las manos, las mujeres realizan un proceso cerebral m&aacute;s ordenado que los hombres, esto explica por qu&eacute; las ni&ntilde;as peque&ntilde;as tienden a hablar antes y mejor que los ni&ntilde;os, y a desarrollar con prontitud la habilidad manual.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Sin embargo, ocurre lo inverso en tareas m&aacute;s abstractas, como definir palabras, donde son los varones quienes realizan procesos mentales m&aacute;s ordenados, aunque no se notan diferencias sustanciales en las capacidades referidas al manejo del habla.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La neuropsic&oacute;loga Marian Diamond de la Universidad de California en Berkeley, comparando el espesor cortical en ratas machos y hembras, encontr&oacute; que la corteza derecha es m&aacute;s espesa en los machos, mientras que la corteza izquierda es m&aacute;s espesa en las hembras, aunque esto var&iacute;a seg&uacute;n las edades de los espec&iacute;menes (vea &ldquo;Una aventura amorosa con el cerebro&rdquo;, Psicolog&iacute;a Hoy, 1984, Noviembre).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El hecho es que indudablemente los hombres y las mujeres difieren gen&eacute;ticamente, fisiol&oacute;gicamente y, de muchas maneras importantes, psicol&oacute;gicamente.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La investigaci&oacute;n psicol&oacute;gica moderna contin&uacute;a revelando las diferencias entre los hombres y las mujeres y estableciendo modelos conductuales.&nbsp; A la luz de tales diferencias manifiestas entre los dos g&eacute;neros, es impropio para hombres y mujeres asumir papeles id&eacute;nticos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">En contraste con las premisas feministas, las mujeres y los hombres no son igualmente h&aacute;biles para cualquier tarea, las mujeres superan a los hombres en ciertos campos y los varones a las mujeres en otros.<a title=\" The New York Times. (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/specials\/women\/nyt98\/21saga.html)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/458\/#_ftn10879\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dios nos ha creado con fuerzas complementarias y no es posible para una mujer alcanzar el &eacute;xito intentando hacer la tarea de un hombre, o para un hombre alcanzarlo haciendo la de una mujer.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref10878\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Health Differences Between Men and Women<\/em>, Gaby Gollub. (http:\/\/www.aarp.org\/bulletin\/yourhealth\/Articles\/a2004-02-17-8diff.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref10879\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>The New York Times<\/em>. (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/specials\/women\/nyt98\/21saga.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>(parte 2 de 2) La igualdad sustancial<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El Islam ense&ntilde;a que, a pesar de que existen obvias diferencias f&iacute;sicas entre el hombre y la mujer, sus esp&iacute;ritus son iguales ante Dios.&nbsp; El Sagrado Cor&aacute;n y la sunnah son claros al explicar que no hay diferencias en cuanto a la recompensa o castigo que espera a las almas en la otra vida.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;No dejar&eacute; que se pierda la labor de ninguno de los que se esfuerzan [por Mi causa], sea hombre o mujer: cada uno de vosotros ha surgido del otro.&nbsp; As&iacute; pues, a aquellos que abandonan el &aacute;mbito del mal,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>y que son expulsados de sus hogares, y que padecen por Mi causa, y que luchan y caen muertos, ciertamente, les borrar&eacute; sus malas acciones y les har&eacute; entrar en jardines por los que corren arroyos, como recompensa de Dios: pues Dios tiene junto a S&iacute; la m&aacute;s hermosa de las recompensas.&rdquo; (Cor&aacute;n 3:195)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;&hellip;mientras que quien haga buenas obras --sea hombre o mujer-- y adem&aacute;s sea creyente, entrar&aacute; en el para&iacute;so y no se le har&aacute; ni la m&aacute;s m&iacute;nima injusticia.&rdquo; (Cor&aacute;n 4:124)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Y a todo aquel --sea hombre o mujer-- que haga buenas obras, y adem&aacute;s sea creyente, le haremos vivir una buena vida;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>y, ciertamente, concederemos a esos su recompensa con arreglo a lo mejor de sus acciones.&rdquo; (Cor&aacute;n 16:97)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;&hellip;<\/strong><strong>quien haya hecho una mala acci&oacute;n ser&aacute; retribuido s&oacute;lo con otro tanto; pero quien haya hecho buenas obras, sea hombre o mujer, y adem&aacute;s sea creyente, &iexcl;&eacute;sos entrar&aacute;n en el para&iacute;so, en donde ser&aacute;n colmados de bien, sin medida!&rdquo; (<\/strong><strong>Cor&aacute;n 40:40)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;En verdad, para todos los hombres y mujeres que se han sometido a Dios, los creyentes y las creyentes, los hombres y mujeres realmente devotos, los hombres y mujeres fieles a su palabra, los hombres y mujeres pacientes en la adversidad, los hombres y mujeres humildes, los hombres y mujeres que dan limosna, los abstinentes y las abstinentes, los hombres y mujeres que guardan su castidad,39 y los hombres y mujeres que recuerdan mucho a Dios: para todos ellos ha preparado Dios el perd&oacute;n de los pecados y una magn&iacute;fica recompensa.&rdquo; (Cor&aacute;n 33:35)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;&iexcl;Oh, gentes! &nbsp;Ciertamente, os hemos creado a todos de un var&oacute;n y una hembra,15&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>y os hemos hecho naciones y tribus, para que os reconozc&aacute;is unos a otros.<\/strong><strong>16 Realmente, el m&aacute;s noble de vosotros ante Dios es aquel que es m&aacute;s profundamente consciente de &Eacute;l.&nbsp; Ciertamente, Dios es Omnisciente, consciente de todo.&rdquo; (Cor&aacute;n&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>49:13)<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Por consiguiente, el Islam declara abiertamente que los hombres y las mujeres tienen un estado id&eacute;ntico y valen igual ante Dios, y tan s&oacute;lo el grado de piedad diferencia a un individuo de otro.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">En los aspectos legales y pr&aacute;cticos, las reglas generales son las mismos para los hombres y para las mujeres.&nbsp; Los dos sexos tienen los mismos actos de culto, la misma etiqueta isl&aacute;mica y modales, y est&aacute;n sujetos a las mismas penalidades legales.&nbsp; Pero hay tambi&eacute;n muchos casos donde las obligaciones y derechos son diferentes.&nbsp; Se libera a las mujeres de ayunar y de realizar la oraci&oacute;n durante su per&iacute;odo menstrual.&nbsp; A los hombres se les proh&iacute;be usar oro y seda mientras que para las mujeres es l&iacute;cito, porque est&aacute; en la naturaleza de las mujeres embellecerse.&nbsp; Realizar la oraci&oacute;n del viernes en la mezquita es obligatorio para los hombres, pero optativo para las mujeres.&nbsp; Los hombres deben gastar su dinero en la familia pero el dinero de una mujer es completamente libre de esta carga y ella lo gastar&aacute; como guste.&nbsp; Hay diferencias en los requisitos de la vestimenta tambi&eacute;n, ya que la apariencia f&iacute;sica de hombres y mujeres es dis&iacute;mil.&nbsp; Todo esto es consecuencia de las diferencias naturales entre hombres y mujeres.&nbsp; As&iacute;, en materia de jurisprudencia, el Islam trata a los hombres y las mujeres seg&uacute;n las diferencias inherentes a su g&eacute;nero, y seg&uacute;n la igualdad substancial y el inter&eacute;s de la justicia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">En conclusi&oacute;n, el Islam afirma la igualdad espiritual absoluta de hombres y mujeres, y asigna a ambos una l&iacute;nea igual ante Dios.&nbsp; En materia de legislaci&oacute;n, el Islam promueve la igualdad sustantiva de hombres y mujeres, reconoce sus fortalezas y capacidades, y gobierna protegiendo los derechos de ambos de acuerdo a sus caracter&iacute;sticas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13832,"lft":6378,"rght":6379,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-18T18:53:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-09T06:05:52.000000Z","language_id":12,"user_id":13,"author_id":3431,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":3265,"author_name":"Ansar Al-Adl","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-12-18","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx"},{"id":3267,"title":"Le concept d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des sexes en islam","slug":"le-concept-dgalit-des-sexes-en-islam","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:le-concept-dgalit-des-sexes-en-islam","hint":"","body":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><strong><strong><strong>Le concept d&rsquo;&eacute;galit&eacute; des sexes en islam<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Concept_of_Gender_Equality_in_Islam_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>(partie 1 de 2)&nbsp;: La physiologie<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Avant de discuter du concept d&rsquo;&eacute;galit&eacute; et de la fa&ccedil;on dont il s&rsquo;applique aux hommes et aux femmes en islam, nous devons d&rsquo;abord &eacute;tablir une importante distinction.&nbsp; La plupart des gens croient que l&rsquo;&eacute;galit&eacute; revient &agrave; traiter deux groupes, &agrave; la base diff&eacute;rents, de fa&ccedil;on identique.&nbsp; Pourtant, ce n&rsquo;est pas toujours la meilleure chose &agrave; faire.&nbsp; Car les besoins, les forces, les habilet&eacute;s et les incapacit&eacute;s des gens doivent &ecirc;tre pris en compte plut&ocirc;t que de soumettre tous les gens &agrave; une seule et unique norme qui, souvent, ne s&rsquo;applique qu&rsquo;&agrave; un petit groupe de personnes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Nous devons donc faire une distinction entre l&rsquo;&eacute;galit&eacute; proc&eacute;durale superficielle et l&rsquo;&eacute;galit&eacute; substantielle, c&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire la justice.&nbsp; La plupart des soci&eacute;t&eacute;s reconnaissent que l&rsquo;important n&rsquo;est pas de se concentrer sur l&rsquo;&eacute;galit&eacute; proc&eacute;durale superficielle, mais d&rsquo;assurer une &eacute;galit&eacute; substantielle &agrave; tous les citoyens, afin qu&rsquo;ils soient trait&eacute;s avec justice en fonction de leurs besoins et de leurs diverses conditions.&nbsp; De fa&ccedil;on g&eacute;n&eacute;rale, les &ecirc;tres humains pr&eacute;f&egrave;rent, au quotidien, l&rsquo;&eacute;galit&eacute; substantielle &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;galit&eacute; proc&eacute;durale, car ils reconnaissent que la premi&egrave;re est synonyme de justice.&nbsp; Sur les lieux de travail, dans les &eacute;coles et dans divers endroits publics, nous accommodons les gens qui souffrent de handicaps.&nbsp; Nous reconnaissons la n&eacute;cessit&eacute; des services sociaux pour venir en aide aux plus d&eacute;munis de la soci&eacute;t&eacute;, tandis que les riches se voient oblig&eacute;s de payer des imp&ocirc;ts.&nbsp; Nous accordons une plus grande attention &agrave; ceux qui souffrent de difficult&eacute;s affectives, psychologiques ou physiques, dans leur vie.&nbsp; Tout cela &eacute;quivaut &agrave; de l&rsquo;&eacute;galit&eacute; substantielle, c&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire &agrave; de la justice.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Les hommes et les femmes<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Lorsque l&rsquo;on parle des hommes et des femmes, tous reconnaissent qu&rsquo;il existe des diff&eacute;rences indiscutables entre les deux sexes.&nbsp; Les hommes et les femmes ne sont pas identiques; ils sont diff&eacute;rents &agrave; plusieurs &eacute;gards.&nbsp; C&rsquo;est pourquoi il est illogique d&rsquo;ignorer ces diff&eacute;rences et de ne pr&eacute;coniser qu&rsquo;une seule et unique norme sur la base de laquelle on &eacute;tablit des r&egrave;gles dans ces domaines o&ugrave; les deux sexes affichent des diff&eacute;rences marqu&eacute;es. &nbsp;Agir en ce sens &eacute;quivaut &agrave; une &eacute;galit&eacute; proc&eacute;durale et non substantielle. &nbsp;Par exemple, il serait injuste, de la part d&rsquo;un mari, d&rsquo;exiger de sa femme qu&rsquo;elle travaille aussi fort que lui lorsqu&rsquo;elle est enceinte.&nbsp; Il serait plus juste, dans ce cas, de reconna&icirc;tre les limites physiques impos&eacute;es par la grossesse et la n&eacute;cessit&eacute;, pour le mari, d&rsquo;ajuster son jugement en fonction de ces limites. &nbsp;Il existe des diff&eacute;rences biologiques &eacute;videntes entre les deux sexes&nbsp;: les hommes ne vivent pas de p&eacute;riodes menstruelles ni de grossesses. &nbsp;Par contre, les femmes vivent en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral plus longtemps et connaissent moins de probl&egrave;mes de sant&eacute; en vieillissant.&nbsp; L&rsquo;AARP (l&rsquo;Association am&eacute;ricaine des personnes retrait&eacute;es) a publi&eacute; un article dans lequel elle rel&egrave;ve huit diff&eacute;rences majeures entre la sant&eacute; des hommes et celle des femmes&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ces diff&eacute;rences se situent bien au-del&agrave; des habitudes des deux sexes en ce qui a trait aux examens m&eacute;dicaux annuels et &agrave; leur volont&eacute; de suivre divers traitements. &nbsp;Si les hommes ont encore besoin d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre convaincus de consulter r&eacute;guli&egrave;rement leur m&eacute;decin, ils devraient consid&eacute;rer ce qui suit&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">L&rsquo;esp&eacute;rance de vie chez les hommes, aux &Eacute;tats-Unis, est de 74,4 ans, soit presque cinq ans de moins que celle des femmes, qui s&rsquo;&eacute;tablit &agrave; 79,8 ans.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le cancer tue plus d&rsquo;hommes que de femmes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Parmi les personnes qui meurent d&rsquo;une maladie du c&oelig;ur avant l&rsquo;&acirc;ge de 65 ans, 70 pourcent sont des hommes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">L&rsquo;apn&eacute;e du sommeil, une maladie potentiellement dangereuse qui provoque des diminutions ou des arr&ecirc;ts du flux respiratoire durant le sommeil, est beaucoup plus r&eacute;pandue chez les hommes que chez les femmes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Quatre fois plus d&rsquo;hommes se suicident, le suicide &eacute;tant la huiti&egrave;me cause de d&eacute;c&egrave;s chez les hommes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Les hommes courent 50 pourcent plus de risques de d&eacute;velopper une maladie coronarienne apr&egrave;s l&rsquo;&acirc;ge de 40 ans.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Les hommes ont en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral moins de lymphocytes T (qui combattent les infections) que les femmes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Il y a huit fois plus de centenaires chez les femmes que chez les hommes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Aux Jeux Olympiques, les hommes et les femmes comp&eacute;titionnent s&eacute;par&eacute;ment &agrave; cause de leurs diff&eacute;rences physiologiques. &nbsp;&Agrave; l&rsquo;&acirc;ge de 18 ans, l&rsquo;homme mesure en moyenne 1,78 m&egrave;tres et p&egrave;se 65 kilos , tandis qu&rsquo;au m&ecirc;me &acirc;ge, la femme mesure en moyenne 1,63 m&egrave;tres et p&egrave;se 57 kilos.&nbsp; Au niveau du poids, les hommes ont en moyenne 50% plus de masse musculaire que les femmes.&nbsp; Le c&oelig;ur des femmes est en moyenne 25% plus petit que celui des hommes.&nbsp; Et les femmes ont environ 10% de plus de masse graisseuse que les hommes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Au niveau acad&eacute;mique, les femmes ont g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement de meilleurs r&eacute;sultats que les hommes dans les mati&egrave;res telles les langues et les sciences sociales, tandis que les hommes ont en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral de meilleurs r&eacute;sultats en math&eacute;matiques et en sciences.&nbsp; Les hommes comme les femmes ont des forces et des habilet&eacute;s qui leurs sont propres. &nbsp;Quant &agrave; leurs diff&eacute;rences psychologiques, un article intitul&eacute; &laquo;&nbsp;Men and Women Really Do Think Differently&nbsp;&raquo; (Les hommes et les femmes r&eacute;fl&eacute;chissent vraiment de fa&ccedil;on diff&eacute;rente) cite une &eacute;tude neurologique r&eacute;cente&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;&nbsp;Le professeur de psychologie Richard Haier, de l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de Californie &agrave; Irvine, a men&eacute; la recherche avec des coll&egrave;gues de l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; du Nouveau-Mexique.&nbsp; Leurs d&eacute;couvertes d&eacute;montrent qu&rsquo;en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral, les hommes poss&egrave;dent 6,5 fois plus de mati&egrave;re grise, li&eacute;e &agrave; l&rsquo;intelligence g&eacute;n&eacute;rale, que les femmes; mais que les femmes poss&egrave;dent pr&egrave;s de 10 fois plus de mati&egrave;re blanche, li&eacute;e &agrave; l&rsquo;intelligence, que les hommes.&nbsp; (...)&nbsp; Dans le cerveau humain, la mati&egrave;re grise repr&eacute;sente le centre de traitement des donn&eacute;es, tandis que la mati&egrave;re blanche travaille &agrave; relier entre eux ces centres de traitements et &agrave; transmettre l&rsquo;information.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;&nbsp;Les r&eacute;sultats de cette &eacute;tude expliquent peut-&ecirc;tre pourquoi les hommes et les femmes excellent dans diff&eacute;rents types de t&acirc;ches, affirme un des co-auteurs et neuropsychologue Rex Jung, de l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; du Nouveau-Mexique.&nbsp; Par exemple, les hommes sont en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral plus dou&eacute;s pour les t&acirc;ches exigeant un traitement de donn&eacute;es plus localis&eacute;, comme les math&eacute;matiques, avance Jung, tandis que les femmes sont plus dou&eacute;es pour int&eacute;grer et assimiler l&rsquo;information distribu&eacute;e par les r&eacute;gions de mati&egrave;re grise du cerveau, qui aident aux habilet&eacute;s langagi&egrave;res.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Un autre article publi&eacute; dans&nbsp;<em>Psychology Today<\/em>&nbsp;d&eacute;crit les diff&eacute;rences entre les hommes et les femmes comme &laquo;&nbsp;ind&eacute;niables&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;&nbsp;Lorsqu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit de parler ou de faire des gestes de la main qui contribuent aux habilet&eacute;s motrices, le cerveau semble organis&eacute; de mani&egrave;re tr&egrave;s focale chez les femmes, et moins chez les hommes.&nbsp; Cela a peut-&ecirc;tre un lien avec le fait que les filles parlent g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement plus t&ocirc;t, articulent mieux, et poss&egrave;dent un meilleur contr&ocirc;le sur la motricit&eacute; fine de leurs mains.&nbsp; Aussi, beaucoup plus de femmes que d&rsquo;hommes sont droiti&egrave;res et ce, de fa&ccedil;on tr&egrave;s nette.&nbsp; Mais lorsqu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit de certaines t&acirc;ches plus abstraites, comme le fait de d&eacute;finir des mots, le cerveau des femmes est organis&eacute; de mani&egrave;re plus diffuse que celui des hommes et ce, m&ecirc;me si, de fa&ccedil;on globale, les hommes et les femmes ne pr&eacute;sentent pas de diff&eacute;rences tr&egrave;s marqu&eacute;es au niveau de leur vocabulaire.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;&nbsp;(...) La neuropsychologue Marian Diamond, de l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de Californie &agrave; Berkeley, a trouv&eacute;, en comparant l&rsquo;&eacute;paisseur du cortex de rats m&acirc;les et femelles, que le cortex droit est plus &eacute;pais chez les m&acirc;les et ce, &agrave; presque tous les &acirc;ges, tandis que le cortex gauche est plus &eacute;pais chez les femelles, mais seulement &agrave; certains &acirc;ges (voir &ldquo;A Love Affair with the brain,&rdquo; (une histoire d&rsquo;amour avec le cerveau)&nbsp;<em>Psychology Today<\/em>, novembre 1984).&nbsp; (...)&nbsp; Il semble donc ind&eacute;niable que les hommes et les femmes diff&egrave;rent r&eacute;ellement aux points de vue g&eacute;n&eacute;tique, physiologique et, &agrave; maints niveaux, psychologique.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Les recherches modernes en psychologie continuent de nous d&eacute;voiler les nombreuses diff&eacute;rences entre les hommes et les femmes, des plus &eacute;videntes, au niveau du comportement, aux plus subtiles, comme l&rsquo;habilet&eacute; &agrave; rep&eacute;rer de menus d&eacute;tails au sein d&rsquo;une foule.&nbsp; &Agrave; cause de ces diff&eacute;rences &eacute;videntes entre les deux sexes, il n&rsquo;est pas r&eacute;aliste d&rsquo;exiger des hommes et des femmes qu&rsquo;ils adoptent des r&ocirc;les identiques.&nbsp; Comme le mentionnait le&nbsp;<em>New York Times<\/em>&nbsp;dans un article sur la sant&eacute; des femmes&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Contrairement au principe f&eacute;ministe selon lequel les femmes peuvent faire tout ce que font les hommes, la science d&eacute;montre que si les femmes arrivent &agrave; faire certaines choses mieux que les hommes, que si elles jouissent d&rsquo;avantages biologiques et cognitifs sur les hommes, il y a aussi plusieurs choses qu&rsquo;elles ne peuvent faire aussi bien qu&rsquo;eux.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dieu nous a cr&eacute;&eacute;s avec des forces et des habilet&eacute;s diff&eacute;rentes, mais compl&eacute;mentaires.&nbsp; Un homme n&rsquo;a pas &agrave; se comporter comme une femme, pas plus qu&rsquo;une femme n&rsquo;a &agrave; se comporter comme un homme pour r&eacute;ussir dans la vie.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>(partie 2 de 2)&nbsp;: &Eacute;galit&eacute; substantielle entre les hommes et les femmes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">L&rsquo;islam reconna&icirc;t que m&ecirc;me si des diff&eacute;rences existent entre les hommes et les femmes au niveau physique, au niveau spirituel, cependant, ils sont parfaitement &eacute;gaux devant Dieu. &nbsp;Le Coran et la sounnah affirment de fa&ccedil;on non &eacute;quivoque que le sexe d&rsquo;une personne ne jouera aucun r&ocirc;le sur sa r&eacute;tribution ou son ch&acirc;timent dans l&rsquo;au-del&agrave;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Certes, Je ne laisserai jamais perdre le fruit de ses &oelig;uvres &agrave; quiconque parmi vous, homme ou femme.&nbsp; Vous provenez les uns des autres.&nbsp;&raquo; (Coran 3:195)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Et quiconque, homme ou femme, accomplit de bonnes &oelig;uvres tout en &eacute;tant croyant, voil&agrave; ceux qui entreront au Paradis. Et ils ne seront point l&eacute;s&eacute;s, f&ucirc;t-ce d&rsquo;une pellicule de noyau de datte.&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp; (Coran 4:124)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Quiconque , homme ou femme, fait une bonne &oelig;uvre tout en &eacute;tant croyant, Nous lui ferons vivre une bonne vie.&nbsp; Et Nous le r&eacute;compenserons, certes, en fonction de ses meilleures actions.&nbsp;&raquo; (Coran 16:97)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Quiconque fait une mauvaise action ne sera r&eacute;tribu&eacute; que par son pareil, tandis que quiconque, homme ou femme, fait une bonne action tout en &eacute;tant croyant entrera au Paradis pour y recevoir sa subsistance &agrave; profusion.&nbsp;&raquo; (Coran 40:40)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Les musulmans et les musulmanes, les croyants et les croyantes, ob&eacute;issants et ob&eacute;issantes, ceux et celles qui sont v&eacute;ridiques, patients et patientes, ceux et celles qui sont humbles, ceux et celles qui pratiquent la charit&eacute;, ceux et celles qui je&ucirc;nent, ceux et celles qui gardent leur chastet&eacute;, ceux et celles qui invoquent souvent Dieu, pour tous ceux-l&agrave; et celles-l&agrave;, Dieu a pr&eacute;par&eacute; un pardon et une r&eacute;compense &eacute;norme.&nbsp;&raquo; (Coran 33:35)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;&Ocirc; hommes!&nbsp; Nous vous avons cr&eacute;&eacute;s d&rsquo;un m&acirc;le et d&rsquo;une femelle, et Nous avons fait de vous des nations et des tribus, afin que vous fassiez connaissance entre vous.&nbsp; Certes, le plus noble d&rsquo;entre vous, aupr&egrave;s de Dieu, est celui qui a la meilleure conduite.&nbsp; Certes, Dieu est Omniscient et tr&egrave;s bien inform&eacute;.&nbsp;&raquo; (Coran 49:13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">L&rsquo;islam affirme donc que les hommes et les femmes jouissent d&rsquo;un statut &eacute;gal devant Dieu, et que seul le degr&eacute; de pi&eacute;t&eacute; distingue un individu d&rsquo;un autre.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Aux niveaux l&eacute;gal et pratique, les r&egrave;gles g&eacute;n&eacute;rales sont les m&ecirc;mes pour les hommes et les femmes.&nbsp; Ils doivent tous accomplir les m&ecirc;mes actes d&rsquo;adoration, se soumettre aux m&ecirc;mes r&egrave;gles d&rsquo;&eacute;tiquette et afficher les m&ecirc;mes mani&egrave;res islamiques, comme ils sont tous sujets aux m&ecirc;mes peines l&eacute;gales.&nbsp; Mais dans plusieurs cas, les r&egrave;gles diff&egrave;rent.&nbsp; Par exemple, les femmes ne je&ucirc;nent pas durant leurs p&eacute;riodes menstruelles. Le port de v&ecirc;tements de soie ou de bijoux en or est interdit aux hommes mais permis aux femmes, car il est dans la nature de ces derni&egrave;res de chercher &agrave; s&rsquo;embellir.&nbsp; La pri&egrave;re du vendredi, &agrave; la mosqu&eacute;e, est obligatoire pour les hommes, mais facultative pour les femmes. &nbsp;Les hommes doivent d&eacute;penser pour subvenir aux besoins de leur famille, mais l&rsquo;argent que poss&egrave;de une femme n&rsquo;appartient qu&rsquo;&agrave; elle et elle en dispose comme elle veut. &nbsp;Il existe &eacute;galement des diff&eacute;rences au niveau des r&egrave;gles d&rsquo;habillement, puisque les hommes et les femmes diff&egrave;rent physiquement.&nbsp; Ces r&egrave;gles sont le reflet de ces diff&eacute;rences naturelles entre les deux sexes. &nbsp;Donc, au niveau de ces choses de la jurisprudence qui sont de moindre importance, l&rsquo;islam traite les hommes et les femmes selon leurs diff&eacute;rences inh&eacute;rentes, selon l&rsquo;&eacute;galit&eacute; substantielle, et dans l&rsquo;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de la justice.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">En conclusion, l&rsquo;islam soutient sans &eacute;quivoque l&rsquo;&eacute;galit&eacute; spirituelle absolue entre les hommes et les femmes, et attribue &agrave; tous un rang &eacute;gal devant Dieu.&nbsp; Dans les affaires de jurisprudence, l&rsquo;islam promouvoit l&rsquo;&eacute;galit&eacute; substantielle entre les hommes et les femmes, reconna&icirc;t leurs forces et leurs habilet&eacute;s uniques, et l&eacute;gif&egrave;re en cons&eacute;quence, prot&eacute;geant ainsi les droits de chacun.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13581,"lft":6380,"rght":6381,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-18T18:53:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-09T07:39:49.000000Z","language_id":9,"user_id":13,"author_id":3431,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":3265,"author_name":"Ansar Al-Adl","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-12-18","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx"},{"id":3268,"title":"Konzept der Gleichheit der Geschlechter im Islam","slug":"konzept-der-gleichheit-der-geschlechter-im-islam","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:konzept-der-gleichheit-der-geschlechter-im-islam","hint":"","body":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><strong><strong><strong><strong>Konzept der Gleichheit der Geschlechter im Islam<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Concept_of_Gender_Equality_in_Islam_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>(teil 1 von 2): Physiologie<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Bevor wir das Konzept der Gleichheit -und wie es sich im Islam auf M&auml;nner und Frauen bezieht- besprechen, m&uuml;ssen wir einen wichtigen Unterschied machen.&nbsp; Viele Menschen, die &uuml;ber Gleichheit sprechen, verstehen darunter, dass dies bedeuten m&uuml;sste, zwei Gruppen genau auf die gleiche Art und Weise zu behandeln.&nbsp; Dies ist aber nicht immer angebracht.&nbsp; Die Bed&uuml;rfnisse, Kr&auml;fte, F&auml;higkeiten und Unf&auml;higkeiten der Menschen m&uuml;ssen in Betracht gezogen werden und widersprechen einem einzigen Standard, der auf alle angewendet wird und nur f&uuml;r einige wenige passend ist.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Also m&uuml;ssen wir einen Unterschied machen zwischen einer oberfl&auml;chlichen, verfahrensm&auml;&szlig;igen Gleichheit und der echten Gleichheit, die Gerechtigkeit bedeutet. &nbsp;Die meisten Gesellschaften erkennen, dass die wichtige Sache nicht eine prozedurische Gleichberechtigung bringt, sondern eine Gerechtigkeit, die den Bed&uuml;rfnissen und Lebensumst&auml;nden der Bewohner angepasst ist.&nbsp; Menschen bevorzugen im t&auml;glichen Leben die wirkliche Gerechtigkeit gegen&uuml;ber der verfahrensm&auml;&szlig;igen Gleichheit, denn wir erkennen, dass die erste wirkliche Gerechtigkeit bedeutet.&nbsp; Wir passen unsere Arbeitspl&auml;tze, Schulen und Wirtschaftsr&auml;ume jenen mit Behinderungen an.&nbsp; Wir erkennen den Bedarf an Sozialabgaben, um den Verarmten in der Gesellschaft zu helfen, w&auml;hrend die Reichen Steuern abgeben m&uuml;ssen.&nbsp; Wir lassen denen, die in ihren Leben emotionale, psychologische oder physischen Schwierigkeiten begegnen, besondere Aufmerksamkeit und Beachtung angedeihen. &nbsp;All dies geh&ouml;rt zur&nbsp;echten Gleichheit und Gerechtigkeit.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">M&auml;nner und Frauen<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Wenn es um M&auml;nner und Frauen geht, erkennt jeder, dass es angeborene, unstreitige Unterschiede zwischen M&auml;nnern und Frauen gibt.&nbsp; Sie sind nicht gleich; M&auml;nner und Frauen unterscheiden sich von Natur aus in verschiedener Hinsicht.&nbsp; Aufgrund dessen ist es nicht logisch, diese Unterschiede zu unterschlagen, indem derselbe Ma&szlig;stab in Angelegenheiten angesetzt wird, wo sie&nbsp; nicht dieselben Vorraussetzungen haben.&nbsp; Dies mag einer verfahrensm&auml;&szlig;igen Gleichheit entsprechen, aber es ist keine echte Gleichheit. &nbsp;Beispielsweise w&auml;re es von einen Ehemann ungerecht, vorzuschlagen, dass seine Ehefrau genauso hart arbeiten soll wie er, wenn sie schwanger ist. &nbsp;Gerechtigkeit erreicht man, wenn man die Last der Schwangerschaft anerkennt und den Bedarf f&uuml;r den Ehemann, sich dem entsprechend zu verhalten.&nbsp; Es gibt offensichtliche, biologische Unterschiede &ndash; M&auml;nner erfahren weder menstruelle Perioden noch Geburten, wohingegen Frauen im allgemeinen l&auml;nger leben und weniger gesundheitliche Probleme im Alter haben.&nbsp; Die AARP Bulletin druckte<a title=\" Acht Unterschiede in der Gesundheit von M&auml;nnern und Frauen, Gaby Gollub. (http:\/\/www.aarp.org\/bulletin\/yourhealth\/Articles\/a2004-02-17-8diff.html)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/458\/#_ftn12310\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;einen Artikel &uuml;ber acht gesundheitliche Unterschiede zwischen M&auml;nnern und Frauen:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Wenn es um die Gesundheit geht, werden die Unterschiede zwischen M&auml;nnern und Frauen immer offensichtlicher, auch au&szlig;erhalb ihrer Gewohnheit, j&auml;hrliche Untersuchungen und ben&ouml;tigte Behandlungen wahrzunehmen.&nbsp; F&uuml;r den Fall, dass M&auml;nner ein paar Gr&uuml;nde brauchen, um einen Termin beim Arzt zu machen, sollten sie die folgenden Punkte beachten:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Die Lebenserwartung von M&auml;nnern in den Vereinigten Staaten liegt mit 74,4 Jahren nur ein wenig mehr als f&uuml;nf Jahre niedriger als die der Frauen mit 79,8 Jahren.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">An Krebs sterben mehr M&auml;nner als Frauen.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Von denen, die an einer Herzkrankheit sterben, bevor sie 65 Jahre alt sind, sind 70 % M&auml;nner.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Schlafapnoe ist m&ouml;glicherweise eine ernstzunehmende St&ouml;rung, bei der die Atmung w&auml;hrend des Schlafs wiederholt aus-und wieder einsetzt.&nbsp; Auch sie ist h&auml;ufiger bei M&auml;nnern als bei Frauen anzutreffen.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Viermal mehr M&auml;nner sterben durch Selbstmord, die achth&auml;ufigste Todesursache bei M&auml;nnern.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">50 % mehr M&auml;nner als Frauen entwickeln im Alter &uuml;ber 40 Jahren eine koronare Herzkrankheit.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">M&auml;nner besitzen weniger Fieber bek&auml;mpfende T-Zellen als Frauen.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">In der Altersgruppe der Hundertj&auml;hrigen &uuml;bertreffen Frauen die M&auml;nner mit 8 : 1.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Bei den Olympischen Spielen treten M&auml;nner und Frauen aufgrund ihrer k&ouml;rperlichen Unterschiede getrennt an.&nbsp; Im Alter von 18 Jahren ist der durchschnittliche Mann 175,8 cm gro&szlig; und wiegt 72,4 kg, w&auml;hrend eine durchschnittliche Frau 162,2 cm gro&szlig; und 63,3 kg schwer ist.&nbsp; Auf der Grundlage des Gewichts besitzen M&auml;nner 50 % mehr Muskelmasse als Frauen.&nbsp; Das durchschnittliche Herz einer Frau ist 25 % kleiner als das des durchschnittlichen Mannes.&nbsp; Frauen tragen um die zehn Prozent mehr Fett mit sich herum als M&auml;nner.<a title=\" Performance Moderator Functions for Human Behavior Modeling in Military Simulations (ADDENDUM) Adrenaline &ndash; Khat &ndash; Exertion, Chang Y Chung, Dr. Barry G. Silverman, Jason Cornwell. (http:\/\/64.233.167.104\/search?q=cache:OYtYvD7FS3QJ:www.seas.upenn.edu\/%7Eb\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/458\/#_ftn12311\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">In den Sprach-und Gesellschaftswissenschaften haben Frauen gew&ouml;hnlich die h&ouml;heren Punktzahlen als M&auml;nner, w&auml;hrend der umgekehrte Fall f&uuml;r Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften gilt.&nbsp; Beide Geschlechter besitzen ihre St&auml;rken und F&auml;higkeiten.&nbsp; Was die psychologischen Unterschiede zwischen M&auml;nnern und Frauen betrifft, so zitiert ein Artikel mit der &Uuml;berschrift: &lsquo;M&auml;nner und Frauen denken wirklich unterschiedlich&rsquo; eine neue neurologische Studie:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Psychologieprofessor Richard Haier von der Universit&auml;t von Californien, Irvine, leitete eine Forschungsreihe zusammen mit Kollegen von der Universit&auml;t von New Mexiko.&nbsp; Was sie herausgefunden haben, zeigt im allgemeinen, dass M&auml;nner fast 6,5 mal soviel graue Substanz, mit der allgemeine Intelligenz&nbsp; verbunden ist, besitzen; im Vergleich dazu verf&uuml;gen Frauen &uuml;ber fast 20 mal mehr wei&szlig;e Substanz, verbunden mit Intelligenz. [...] In menschlichen Gehirnen repr&auml;sentiert die graue Substanz Zentren, in denen Informationen verarbeitet werden, w&auml;hrend die wei&szlig;e Substanz daf&uuml;r zust&auml;ndig ist, Netzwerke zu diesen Informationszentren aufzubauen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie m&ouml;gen bei der Erkl&auml;rung helfen, warum M&auml;nner und Frauen sich in unterschiedlichen Aufgabenbereichen hervortun, sagte der Co-Autor und Neuropsychologe Rex Jung von der Universit&auml;t New Mexiko.&nbsp; Beispielsweise tendieren M&auml;nner dazu, besser mit Aufgaben zurechtzukommen, die mehr lokalisierte Verarbeitung ben&ouml;tigen, wie Mathematik.&nbsp; Jung sagte: &lsquo;W&auml;hrenddessen sind Frauen besser darin, Informationen von verstreuten Regionen des Gehirns mit grauer Substanz anzupassen und einzuf&uuml;gen, was ihnen bei Sprachen zugute kommt.&rsquo;<a title=\" Men and Women Really Do Think Differently, Bjorn Carey, LiveScience. (http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/humanbiology\/050120_brain_sex.html)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/458\/#_ftn12312\">[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ein anderer Artikel, der in&nbsp;<em>Psychology Today<\/em>&nbsp;ver&ouml;ffentlicht wurde, beschreibt die Unterschiede zwischen M&auml;nnern und Frauen als &acute;unvermeidlich&acute;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Was das Sprechen und Handbewegungen angeht, die motorischer Fertigkeiten bed&uuml;rfen, scheint das Gehirn von Frauen sehr fokussierend organisiert zu sein, im Vergleich zu dem der M&auml;nner.&nbsp; Dies mag mit der Tatsache in Verbindung stehen, dass M&auml;dchen normalerweise fr&uuml;her sprechen und sich deutlicher auszudr&uuml;cken verm&ouml;gen und auch &uuml;ber eine ausgepr&auml;gtere Feinmotorik verf&uuml;gen.&nbsp; Auch gibt es unter den Frauen mehr Rechtsh&auml;nder als unter den M&auml;nnern, und das unzweifelhaft.&nbsp; Wenn es aber um bestimmte, abstraktere Aufgaben geht, wie die Definition von Worten, so ist das Gehirn der Frauen diffuser organisiert als das der M&auml;nner, obgleich sich M&auml;nner und Frauen in den allgemeinen vokabularischen F&auml;higkeiten nicht unterscheiden.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">[...] Die Neuropsychologin Marian Diamond von der Universit&auml;t von Californien in Berkeley, stellte beim Vergleich der Rindendicke bei m&auml;nnlichen und weiblichen Ratten fest, dass die rechte Rinde bei m&auml;nnlichen Ratten in den meisten Altersstufen dicker ist, w&auml;hrend die linke Rinde bei den Weiblichen dicker ist, allerdings da nur in manchen Altersstufen.&nbsp;&nbsp;(siehe &ldquo;A Love Affair with the brain,&rdquo;&nbsp;<em>Psychology Today<\/em>, November 1984).&nbsp;&nbsp;[...]Die Tatsache scheint unvermeidlich, dass M&auml;nner und Frauen sich genetisch, k&ouml;rperlich und in vielen wichtigen Dingen auch psychologisch unterscheiden.<a title=\" Male Brain, Female Brain: The Hidden Difference, Psychology Today Nov, 1985\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/458\/#_ftn12313\">[4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Die moderne psychologische Wissenschaft f&auml;hrt damit fort, die Unterschiede zwischen M&auml;nnern und Frauen zu enth&uuml;llen, und seien es nur die offensichtlichen Verhaltensmuster, so trivial wie das Zeigen eines &auml;rgerlichen Gesichts in einer Menschenmenge.&nbsp; Im Licht derartiger manifester Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Geschlechtern ist es f&uuml;r M&auml;nner und Frauen h&ouml;chst unpassend, identische Rollen spielen zu wollen.&nbsp; Wie in einem Artikel der<em>New York Times<\/em>&uuml;ber die Gesundheit der Frauen erw&auml;hnt wurde:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Im Gegensatz zu dem Leitsatz der Feministinnen, dass Frauen alles tun k&ouml;nnen, was M&auml;nner tun, zeigt die Wissenschaft, dass Frauen manche Dinge besser k&ouml;nnen und dass sie mancherlei biologische und kognitive Vorteile gegen&uuml;ber den M&auml;nnern besitzen.&nbsp; Dann wieder gibt es manche Dinge, die Frauen nicht genauso gut k&ouml;nnen.<a title=\" The New York Times. (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/specials\/women\/nyt98\/21saga.html)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/458\/#_ftn12314\">[5]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Gott erschuf uns mit verschiedenen, aber einander erg&auml;nzenden St&auml;rken und F&auml;higkeiten.&nbsp; Ein Mann braucht keine Frau zu werden oder umgekehrt, um erfolgreich zu sein.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref12310\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Acht Unterschiede in der Gesundheit von M&auml;nnern und Frauen,&nbsp;<\/em>Gaby Gollub.(http:\/\/www.aarp.org\/bulletin\/yourhealth\/Articles\/a2004-02-17-8diff.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref12311\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Performance Moderator Functions for Human Behavior Modeling in Military Simulations (ADDENDUM) Adrenaline &ndash; Khat &ndash; Exertion, Chang Y Chung, Dr. Barry G. Silverman, Jason Cornwell. (http:\/\/64.233.167.104\/search?q=cache:OYtYvD7FS3QJ:www.seas.upenn.edu\/%7Ebarryg\/PMF_Addendum1.doc)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref12312\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Men and Women Really Do Think Differently<\/em>, Bjorn Carey, LiveScience. (http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/humanbiology\/050120_brain_sex.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref12313\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;Male Brain, Female Brain: The Hidden Difference,&nbsp;<em>Psychology Today<\/em>&nbsp;Nov, 1985<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref12314\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>The New York Times<\/em>. (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/specials\/women\/nyt98\/21saga.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>(teil 2 von 2): Substantivische Gleichheit von M&auml;nnern und Frauen<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der Islam erkennt an, dass M&auml;nner und Frauen zwar k&ouml;rperliche Unterschiede aufweisen, spirituell jedoch genie&szlig;en sie vor Gott die absolute Gleichheit.&nbsp; In Quran und Sunna wird unmissverst&auml;ndlich und nachdr&uuml;cklich betont, dass das Geschlecht keinerlei Einfluss auf die Belohnung oder die Strafe im Jenseits besitzt.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Seht, Ich lasse kein Werk der Wirkenden unter euch verlorengehen, sei es von Mann oder Frau; die einen von euch sind von den anderen.&hellip;&rdquo; (Quran 3:195)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Diejenigen aber, die handeln, wie es recht ist - sei es Mann oder Frau - und dabei gl&auml;ubig sind, werden ins Paradies eingehen und nicht im geringsten Unrecht erleiden.&rdquo; (Quran 4:124)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Dem, der recht handelt - ob Mann oder Frau - und gl&auml;ubig ist, werden Wir gewiss ein gutes Leben gew&auml;hren; und Wir werden gewiss solchen (Leuten) ihren Lohn nach der besten ihrer Taten bemessen.&rdquo; (Quran 16:97)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Wer B&ouml;ses tut, dem soll nur mit Gleichem vergolten werden, wer aber Gutes tut - sei es Mann oder Frau und dabei gl&auml;ubig ist - diese werden ins Paradies eintreten; darin werden sie mit Unterhalt versorgt werden, ohne dass dar&uuml;ber Rechnung gef&uuml;hrt wird.&rdquo; (Quran 40:40)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Wahrlich, die muslimischen M&auml;nner und die muslimischen Frauen, die gl&auml;ubigen M&auml;nner und die gl&auml;ubigen Frauen, die gehorsamen M&auml;nner und die gehorsamen Frauen, die wahrhaftigen M&auml;nner und die wahrhaftigen Frauen, die geduldigen M&auml;nner und die geduldigen Frauen, die dem&uuml;tigen M&auml;nner und die dem&uuml;tigen Frauen, die M&auml;nner, die Almosen geben, und die Frauen, die Almosen geben, die M&auml;nner, die fasten, und die Frauen, die fasten, die M&auml;nner, die ihre Keuschheit wahren, und die Frauen, die ihre Keuschheit wahren, die M&auml;nner, die Allahs h&auml;ufig gedenken, und die Frauen, die (Allahs h&auml;ufig) gedenken &ndash; Allah hat ihnen (allen) Vergebung und gro&szlig;en Lohn bereitet.&rdquo; (Quran 33:35)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;O ihr Menschen.&nbsp; Wir haben euch aus Mann und Frau erschaffen und euch zu V&ouml;lkern und St&auml;mmen gemacht, auf dass ihr einander erkennen m&ouml;get.&nbsp; Wahrlich vor Allah ist von euch der Angesehenste, welcher der Gottesf&uuml;rchtigste ist.&nbsp; Wahrlich, Allah ist Allwissend, Allkundig.&rdquo; (Quran 49:13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Somit erkl&auml;rt der Islam deutlich, dass M&auml;nner und Frauen vor Gott denselben Status und Wert innehaben, und nur die Fr&ouml;mmigkeit allein unterscheiden ein Individuum von den anderen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">In gesetzlicher und praktischer Hinsicht sind die allgemeinen Regeln f&uuml;r M&auml;nner und Frauen dieselben.&nbsp; Beide verrichten dieselben gottesdienstlichen Handlungen, gehorchen denselben islamischen Anstandsregeln und Verhaltensweisen und unterliegen denselben gesetzlichen Strafen.&nbsp; Aber es gibt auch viele F&auml;lle, die unterschiedlich geregelt sind.&nbsp; Frauen sind w&auml;hrend ihrer Menstruation vom Beten und Fasten befreit.&nbsp; M&auml;nnern ist es verboten, Gold und Seide zu tragen, w&auml;hrend dies Frauen erlaubt ist, denn es entspricht der Natur der Frauen, sich h&uuml;bsch zu machen.&nbsp; Das Freitagsgebet ist f&uuml;r M&auml;nner verpflichtend, aber freiwillig f&uuml;r Frauen.&nbsp; M&auml;nner m&uuml;ssen ihr Geld f&uuml;r die Familie ausgeben, aber das Geld der Frau geh&ouml;rt ihr allein, sie darf es ausgeben, wof&uuml;r sie m&ouml;chte.&nbsp; Es gibt auch Unterschiede in den Kleidungsvorschriften, denn die k&ouml;rperliche Erscheinung von M&auml;nnern und Frauen ist ebenfalls unterschiedlich.&nbsp; All dies spiegelt die nat&uuml;rlichen Unterschiede zwischen M&auml;nnern und Frauen wieder.&nbsp; In weniger rechtswissenschaftlichen Angelegenheiten behandelt der Islam M&auml;nner und Frauen ihren veranlagten Unterschieden entsprechend, wie es der substantivischen (tats&auml;chlichen) Gleichheit und dem Interesse der Gerechtigkeit entgegenkommt.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass der Islam die absolute spirituelle Gleichheit von M&auml;nnern und Frauen bekr&auml;ftigt und beiden den gleichen Rang vor Gott zuspricht.&nbsp; In rechtlichen Angelegenheiten vertritt der Islam die substantivische Gleichheit von M&auml;nnern und Frauen, erkennt ihre einzigartigen St&auml;rken und F&auml;higkeiten an und richtet dementsprechend, indem er die Rechte beider besch&uuml;tzt.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":14972,"lft":6382,"rght":6383,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-18T18:53:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-09T04:12:47.000000Z","language_id":7,"user_id":13,"author_id":3431,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":3265,"author_name":"Ansar Al-Adl","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-12-18","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx"},{"id":3269,"title":"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435.","slug":"----ghmjhkklll","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:----ghmjhkklll","hint":"","body":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435.<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Concept_of_Gender_Equality_in_Islam_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1 \u0438\u0437 2: \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c 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\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c) \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b \u0441 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\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432. \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043a \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043c, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445. \u041c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041c\u044b \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438.&nbsp; \u0412\u0441\u0451 \u044d\u0442\u043e &ndash; \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0413\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f \u043e \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b, \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0445. \u0423\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0445, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b. \u0418\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u044e\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435. \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430. \u0421\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e. \u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f: \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435. \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 AARP \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c<a title=\" &laquo;8 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f&raquo; (8 Health Differences Between Men and Women, Gaby Gollub. (http:\/\/www.aarp.org\/bulletin\/yourhealth\/Articles\/a2004-02-17-8diff.html))\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/458\/#_ftn20096\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 8 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f, \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0412\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f \u043e \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0418 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0434\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0443, \u0438\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u0421\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0428\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 74.4 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d &ndash; 79.8 \u043b\u0435\u0442.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0420\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0418\u0437 \u0443\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e 65 \u043b\u0435\u0442 70 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 &ndash; \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041e\u0434\u044b\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u044b\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043d\u0430, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0412\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 40 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430 50% \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0443 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 T-\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443 100 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041d\u0430 \u041e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435 18 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 178 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435 65,68 \u043a\u0433., \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 163,6 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435 57,42 \u043a\u0433. \u041d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 50% \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b.&nbsp; \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 25 % \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0443 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b.&nbsp; \u0416\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 10% \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b<a title=\" Performance Moderator Functions for Human Behavior Modeling in Military Simulations (ADDENDUM) Adrenaline &ndash; Khat &ndash; Exertion, Chang Y Chung, Dr. Barry G. Silverman, Jason Cornwell. (http:\/\/64.233.167.104\/search?q=cache:OYtYvD7FS3QJ:www.seas.upenn.edu\/%7Eb\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/458\/#_ftn20097\">[2]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438: \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u0432 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0445.&nbsp; \u041e\u0431\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.&nbsp; \u041e \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f &laquo;\u041c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442&raquo;, \u0435\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0420\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0425\u0430\u0439\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u0437 \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0451\u043b \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u041d\u044c\u044e-\u041c\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043a\u043e. \u0418\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e, \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432 6,5 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432 10 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0412 \u0443\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438&raquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447&raquo;, &ndash; \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447-\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0420\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0414\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0433 \u0438\u0437 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u041d\u044c\u044e-\u041c\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043a\u043e. &laquo;\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438&raquo;, &ndash; 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title=\" Men and Women Really Do Think Differently, Bjorn Carey, LiveScience. 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\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">[...] \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u041c\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d \u0414\u0430\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043b\u0438, \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0440\u044b\u0441, \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043a, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 (\u0441\u043c. \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e &laquo;\u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043e\u043c&raquo;, \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b &laquo;\u041f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f&raquo;, \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c, 1984 \u0433).&nbsp; [...] \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0438\u043a\u0438<a title=\" Male Brain, Female Brain: The Hidden Difference, Psychology Today Nov, 1985.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/458\/#_ftn20099\">[4]<\/a>&raquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u043f\u0435. \u0412 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0440\u043a\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u041d\u044c\u044e-\u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a \u0422\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0444\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a, \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0412 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e&raquo;<a title=\" The New York Times. (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/specials\/women\/nyt98\/21saga.html)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/458\/#_ftn20100\">[5]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043d\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 &ndash; \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref20096\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;&laquo;8 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439&nbsp;\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443&nbsp;\u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438&nbsp;\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f&raquo; (<em>8 Health Differences Between Men and Women<\/em>, Gaby Gollub. (http:\/\/www.aarp.org\/bulletin\/yourhealth\/Articles\/a2004-02-17-8diff.html))<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref20097\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Performance Moderator Functions for Human Behavior Modeling in Military Simulations (ADDENDUM) Adrenaline &ndash; Khat &ndash; Exertion, Chang Y Chung, Dr. Barry G. Silverman, Jason Cornwell. (http:\/\/64.233.167.104\/search?q=cache:OYtYvD7FS3QJ:www.seas.upenn.edu\/%7Ebarryg\/PMF_Addendum1.doc)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref20098\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Men and Women Really Do Think Differently<\/em>, Bjorn Carey, LiveScience. (http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/humanbiology\/050120_brain_sex.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref20099\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;Male Brain, Female Brain: The Hidden Difference,&nbsp;<em>Psychology Today<\/em>&nbsp;Nov, 1985.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref20100\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>The New York Times<\/em>. (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/specials\/women\/nyt98\/21saga.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2 \u0438\u0437 2: \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0451\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u0421\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;\u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0438\u043c: &laquo;\u042f \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0431\u043b\u044e \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0441, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u0442\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430&raquo; (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 3:195).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;\u0410 \u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432 \u0420\u0430\u0439, \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0435\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435&raquo; (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 4:124).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u041c\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438&raquo; (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 16:97).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;\u0422\u043e\u0442, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043b \u0437\u043b\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0410 \u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432 \u0420\u0430\u0439, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430&raquo; (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 40:40).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;\u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u0441\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043d\u044e \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043d\u044e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443&rdquo; (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 33:35).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;\u041e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438! \u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u041c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430, \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0441 &ndash; \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439&raquo; (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 49:13).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c, \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d. \u0418 \u0442\u0435, \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0440, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u041d\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u044b \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0448\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d. \u041f\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u044b \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d &ndash; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u041c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u044e, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b &ndash; \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0435\u0451 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043a\u0430\u043a&nbsp;\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043a \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d. \u0412\u0441\u0451 \u044d\u0442\u043e &ndash; \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0412 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043b \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c. \u0412 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":10895,"lft":6384,"rght":6385,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-18T18:53:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-09T09:36:04.000000Z","language_id":5,"user_id":13,"author_id":3431,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":3265,"author_name":"Ansar Al-Adl","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-12-18","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx"},{"id":3270,"title":"Conceito de Igualdade de G\u00eaneros no Isl\u00e3","slug":"conceito-de-igualdade-de-gneros-no-isl","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:conceito-de-igualdade-de-gneros-no-isl","hint":"","body":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>Conceito de Igualdade de G&ecirc;neros no Isl&atilde;<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Concept_of_Gender_Equality_in_Islam_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&nbsp;(parte 1 de 2): Fisiologia<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Antes de discutir o conceito de igualdade e como ele se relaciona a homens e mulheres no Isl&atilde;, n&oacute;s precisamos fazer uma diferencia&ccedil;&atilde;o importante.&nbsp; Muitas pessoas que falam sobre igualdade presumem que ela deve ser refletida tratando os dois grupos exatamente da mesma forma.&nbsp; Entretanto, isso nem sempre &eacute; a coisa certa a fazer.&nbsp; As necessidades, for&ccedil;as, habilidades e defici&ecirc;ncias das pessoas precisam ser acomodadas e consideradas, ao contr&aacute;rio de submeter todas a um &uacute;nico padr&atilde;o que pode apenas ser adequado para uns poucos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Portanto, n&oacute;s precisamos diferenciar entre a igualdade procedural superficial e a igualdade substantiva, que &eacute; justa.&nbsp; A maioria das sociedades reconhece que o importante n&atilde;o &eacute; focar na igualdade procedural superficial, mas prover igualdade substantiva para todos os seus cidad&atilde;os, tratando-os com justi&ccedil;a de acordo com suas necessidades e circunst&acirc;ncias.&nbsp; Seres humanos s&atilde;o a favor do favorecimento da igualdade substantiva sobre a igualdade procedural no dia-a-dia, porque n&oacute;s reconhecemos que a primeira permite que se fa&ccedil;a justi&ccedil;a.&nbsp; N&oacute;s acomodamos em nossos locais de trabalho, escolas e &aacute;reas comerciais, aqueles que t&ecirc;m defici&ecirc;ncias.&nbsp; N&oacute;s reconhecemos a necessidade de servi&ccedil;os sociais para cuidar dos pobres na sociedade, enquanto os ricos s&atilde;o sujeitos &agrave; taxa&ccedil;&otilde;es.&nbsp; N&oacute;s damos aten&ccedil;&atilde;o e considera&ccedil;&atilde;o extra &agrave;queles que experimentam dificuldades f&iacute;sicas, emocionais ou psicol&oacute;gicas em suas vidas.&nbsp; Tudo isso &eacute; igualdade substantiva, eq&uuml;idade e justi&ccedil;a.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Homens e Mulheres<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Quando se trata de homens e mulheres, todos reconhecem que existem diferen&ccedil;as inerentes indisput&aacute;veis entre eles.&nbsp; Eles n&atilde;o s&atilde;o id&ecirc;nticos; homens e mulheres s&atilde;o naturalmente diferentes de v&aacute;rias formas.&nbsp; Como resultado, n&atilde;o &eacute; l&oacute;gico negligenciar essas diferen&ccedil;as e advogar um &uacute;nico padr&atilde;o em quest&otilde;es onde eles n&atilde;o s&atilde;o iguais.&nbsp; Isso pode ser igualdade procedural, mas n&atilde;o &eacute; igualdade substantiva.&nbsp; Por exemplo, seria injusto para um marido sugerir que sua esposa trabalhe t&atilde;o duro quanto ele quando ela est&aacute; gr&aacute;vida.&nbsp; A justi&ccedil;a &eacute; feita pelo reconhecimento da carga da gravidez e a necessidade de o marido ajustar as coisas.&nbsp; Existem diferen&ccedil;as biol&oacute;gicas &oacute;bvias &ndash; homens n&atilde;o t&ecirc;m per&iacute;odos menstruais nem d&atilde;o &agrave; luz, enquanto as mulheres geralmente vivem mais e t&ecirc;m menos problemas de sa&uacute;de na velhice.&nbsp; O AARP Bulletin publicou um artigo<a title=\" 8 Health Differences Between Men and Women, Gaby Gollub. (http:\/\/www.aarp.org\/bulletin\/yourhealth\/Articles\/a2004-02-17-8diff.html)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/458\/#_ftn13593\">[1]<\/a>sobre oito diferen&ccedil;as de sa&uacute;de entre homens e mulheres:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Quando se trata de sa&uacute;de, as diferen&ccedil;as entre homens e mulheres v&atilde;o bem al&eacute;m de sua atitude em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o a fazerem check-ups anuais e buscarem tratamento m&eacute;dico.&nbsp; No caso dos homens precisarem de algumas poucas raz&otilde;es para marcarem uma consulta com o m&eacute;dico, eles devem considerar o seguinte:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A expectativa de vida para os homens nos Estados Unidos, 74.4 anos, &eacute; um pouco mais que cinco anos a menos do que para as mulheres, 79.8 anos.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O c&acirc;ncer mata mais homens do que mulheres.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Entre aqueles que morrem do cora&ccedil;&atilde;o antes dos 65 anos, 70% s&atilde;o homens.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A apn&eacute;ia do sono, uma desordem potencialmente perigosa que causa interrup&ccedil;&atilde;o da respira&ccedil;&atilde;o e se repete v&aacute;rias vezes durante o sono, &eacute; mais comum em homens do que em mulheres.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Quatro vezes mais homens se suicidam, a causa n&uacute;mero oito de morte entre homens.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Os homens s&atilde;o 50% mais propensos do que as mulheres a desenvolverem doen&ccedil;a coron&aacute;ria ap&oacute;s os 40 anos.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Os homens t&ecirc;m mais infec&ccedil;&otilde;es combatidas pelas c&eacute;lulas T que as mulheres.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Por volta dos 100 anos, as mulheres superam os homens em oito para um.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Nas Olimp&iacute;adas, homens e mulheres competem separadamente por causa de diferen&ccedil;as fisiol&oacute;gicas.&nbsp; Na idade de 18 anos, o homem tem m&eacute;dia 1,78 m e pesa 66 kg, enquanto a mulher tem em m&eacute;dia 1,63 m e pesa 57,4 kg, nos Estados Unidos.&nbsp; Com base no peso, os homens t&ecirc;m 50% mais massa muscular total que as mulheres.&nbsp; O cora&ccedil;&atilde;o de uma mulher &eacute; em m&eacute;dia 25% menor do que o de um homem.&nbsp; As mulheres t&ecirc;m em torno de 10% mais gordura que os homens.<a title=\" Performance Moderator Functions for Human Behavior Modeling in Military Simulations (ADDENDUM) Adrenaline &ndash; Khat &ndash; Exertion, Chang Y Chung, Dr. Barry G. Silverman, Jason Cornwell. (http:\/\/64.233.167.104\/search?q=cache:OYtYvD7FS3QJ:www.seas.upenn.edu\/%7Eb\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/458\/#_ftn13594\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Nos estudos, as mulheres geralmente tiram melhores notas que os homens em disciplinas relacionadas a idiomas e humanidades, enquanto o oposto &eacute; verdadeiro para matem&aacute;tica e ci&ecirc;ncia. &nbsp;&nbsp;Ambos os g&ecirc;neros t&ecirc;m pontos fortes e capacidades &uacute;nicos.&nbsp; Com rela&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave;s diferen&ccedil;as fisiol&oacute;gicas entre homens e mulheres, um artigo intitulado Men and Women Really Do Think Differently (<em>Homens e Mulheres Realmente Pensam de Forma Diferente<\/em>) cita um estudo neurol&oacute;gico recente:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">o professor de fisiologia Richard Haier da Universidade da Calif&oacute;rnia, Irvine, liderou a pesquisa junto com colegas da Universidade do Novo M&eacute;xico.&nbsp; Suas descobertas mostram que em geral os homens t&ecirc;m aproximadamente 6.5 vezes a quantidade de mat&eacute;ria cinzenta relacionada &agrave; intelig&ecirc;ncia geral comparado com as mulheres, enquanto as mulheres t&ecirc;m 10 vezes a quantidade de mat&eacute;ria branca relacionada &agrave; intelig&ecirc;ncia comparadas com os homens. &nbsp;&nbsp;[...]Nos c&eacute;rebros humanos, a mat&eacute;ria cinzenta representa centros de processamento de informa&ccedil;&atilde;o, enquanto a mat&eacute;ria branca trabalha para interligar esses centros de processamento.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Os resultados desse estudo podem ajudar a explicar por que homens e mulheres s&atilde;o bem-sucedidos em tipos diferentes de tarefas, disse o co-autor e neuropsic&oacute;logo Rex Jung da Universidade do Novo M&eacute;xico.&nbsp; Por exemplo, os homens tendem a fazer melhor tarefas que requeiram um processamento mais localizado, como matem&aacute;tica, disse Jung, enquanto as mulheres s&atilde;o melhores na integra&ccedil;&atilde;o e assimila&ccedil;&atilde;o de informa&ccedil;&atilde;o de regi&otilde;es de mat&eacute;ria cinzenta distribu&iacute;das do c&eacute;rebro, o que ajuda nas habilidades verbais.<a title=\" Men and Women Really Do Think Differently, Bjorn Carey, LiveScience. (http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/humanbiology\/050120_brain_sex.html)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/458\/#_ftn13595\">[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Um outro artigo publicado em&nbsp;<em>Psychology Today<\/em>&nbsp;(Psicologia Hoje) descreve as diferen&ccedil;as entre homens e mulheres como &lsquo;inescap&aacute;veis&rsquo;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Quando se trata de falar e fazer movimentos com as m&atilde;os que contribuem para a habilidade motora, o c&eacute;rebro parece ser organizado de maneira muito focal nas mulheres, comparado com os homens.&nbsp; Isso pode se relacionar ao fato de que as meninas geralmente falam mais cedo, se articulam melhor e tamb&eacute;m t&ecirc;m um melhor controle motor das m&atilde;os.&nbsp; Uma maior propor&ccedil;&atilde;o de mulheres s&atilde;o destras&nbsp; em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o aos homens, sem sombra de d&uacute;vidas.&nbsp; Mas quando se trata de certas tarefas mais abstratas, como definir palavras, os c&eacute;rebros das mulheres s&atilde;o organizados de forma mais difusa do que os dos homens, embora homens e mulheres n&atilde;o difiram na habilidade vocabular no geral.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">[...]&nbsp;A neuropsic&oacute;loga Marian Diamond da Universidade da Calif&oacute;rnia em Berkeley, comparando a espessura cortical em ratos machos e f&ecirc;meas, constatou que o c&oacute;rtex direito &eacute; mais espesso em machos na maioria das idades, enquanto o c&oacute;rtex esquerdo &eacute; mais espesso nas f&ecirc;meas mas apenas em algumas idades (ver&nbsp; &ldquo;A Love Affair with the brain (<em>Um Caso de Amor com o c&eacute;rebro<\/em>),&rdquo;&nbsp;<em>Psychology Today<\/em>, Novembro de 1984). [...]O fato &eacute; que parece inescap&aacute;vel que homens e mulheres s&atilde;o diferentes gen&eacute;tica e fisiologicamente e, em muitos aspectos importantes, tamb&eacute;m psicologicamente.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a title=\" Male Brain, Female Brain: The Hidden Difference, Psychology Today Nov, 1985\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/458\/#_ftn13596\">[4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A pesquisa psicol&oacute;gica moderna continua a desvelar diferen&ccedil;as em homens e mulheres desde os padr&otilde;es de comportamento mais &oacute;bvios at&eacute; aqueles mais triviais.&nbsp; &Agrave; luz dessas diferen&ccedil;as manifestas entre os dois g&ecirc;neros, n&atilde;o &eacute; adequado que homens e mulheres assumam pap&eacute;is id&ecirc;nticos.&nbsp; Como mencionado em um artigo do&nbsp;<em>New York Times<\/em>&nbsp;sobre sa&uacute;de das mulheres:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Em contraste &agrave; premissa feminista de que as mulheres podem fazer qualquer coisa que os homens fazem, a ci&ecirc;ncia est&aacute; demonstrando que as mulheres podem fazer algumas coisas de forma melhor, j&aacute; que elas t&ecirc;m muitas vantagens biol&oacute;gicas e cognitivas sobre os homens.&nbsp; Por outro lado, existem algumas coisas que as mulheres n&atilde;o fazem bem.<a title=\" The New York Times. (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/specials\/women\/nyt98\/21saga.html)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/458\/#_ftn13597\">[5]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Deus nos criou com pontos fortes e capacidades diferentes mas complementares.&nbsp; Um homem n&atilde;o precisa se tornar uma mulher nem vice-versa, de modo a ser bem-sucedido.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref13593\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>8 Health Differences Between Men and Women<\/em>, Gaby Gollub. (http:\/\/www.aarp.org\/bulletin\/yourhealth\/Articles\/a2004-02-17-8diff.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref13594\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Performance Moderator Functions for Human Behavior Modeling in Military Simulations (ADDENDUM) Adrenaline &ndash; Khat &ndash; Exertion, Chang Y Chung, Dr. Barry G. Silverman, Jason Cornwell. (http:\/\/64.233.167.104\/search?q=cache:OYtYvD7FS3QJ:www.seas.upenn.edu\/%7Ebarryg\/PMF_Addendum1.doc)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref13595\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Men and Women Really Do Think Differently<\/em>, Bjorn Carey, LiveScience. (http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/humanbiology\/050120_brain_sex.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref13596\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;Male Brain, Female Brain: The Hidden Difference,&nbsp;<em>Psychology Today<\/em>&nbsp;Nov, 1985<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref13597\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>The New York Times<\/em>. (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/specials\/women\/nyt98\/21saga.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>(parte 2 de 2): Igualdade Substantiva dos Homens e Mulheres<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O Isl&atilde; reconhece que embora homens e mulheres tenham algumas diferen&ccedil;as f&iacute;sicas, espiritualmente eles desfrutam de igualdade absoluta perante Deus. &nbsp;&nbsp;O Alcor&atilde;o e a Sunnah s&atilde;o inequ&iacute;vocos em afirmar que o g&ecirc;nero de uma pessoa n&atilde;o ter&aacute; absolutamente qualquer relev&acirc;ncia em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave; sua recompensa ou puni&ccedil;&atilde;o na outra vida.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Eu n&atilde;o desconsiderarei o trabalho de qualquer um de v&oacute;s no Meu caminho, seja homem ou mulher, porque procedeis uns dos outros...&rdquo;&nbsp; (Alcor&atilde;o 3:195)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;E quem faz boas obras, seja homem ou mulher, e tem f&eacute;, esses entrar&atilde;o no Para&iacute;so, e n&atilde;o sofrer&atilde;o injusti&ccedil;a, a m&iacute;nima que seja.&rdquo; (Alcor&atilde;o 4:124)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;A quem faz o bem, homem ou mulher, e tem F&eacute;, certamente concederemos uma nova Vida, uma vida que &eacute; boa e pura, e recompensaremos com uma recompensa de acordo com suas melhores a&ccedil;&otilde;es.\" (Alcor&atilde;o 16:97)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Quem faz um mal n&atilde;o ser&aacute; recompensado sen&atilde;o com o equivalente. &nbsp;E quem faz o bem, homem ou mulher, e &eacute; um Crente, entrar&aacute; no Para&iacute;so. Nele encontrar&atilde;o abund&acirc;ncia sem medida.&rdquo; (Alcor&atilde;o 40:40)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;De fato, os mu&ccedil;ulmanos e as mu&ccedil;ulmanas, os crentes e as crentes, os devotos e as devotas, os pacientes e as pacientes, os humildes e as humildes, os caritativos e as caritativas, os jejuadores e as jejuadoras, os castos e as castas, os homens e mulheres que se lembram com freq&uuml;&ecirc;ncia de Deus, para eles Deus preparou o perd&atilde;o e uma grande recompensa.&rdquo; (Alcor&atilde;o 33:35)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;&Oacute; humanos!&nbsp; N&oacute;s vos criamos de um homem e de uma mulher, e vos fizemos como na&ccedil;&otilde;es e tribos, de modo que vos conhe&ccedil;ais uns aos outros.&nbsp; Verdadeiramente, o mais honrado dentre v&oacute;s perante Deus &eacute; o mais piedoso.&nbsp; Verdadeiramente, Deus &eacute; Onisciente, Conhecedor.&rdquo; (Alcor&atilde;o 49:13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Portanto, o Isl&atilde; declara abertamente que homens e mulheres t&ecirc;m status e valor igual perante Deus, e que somente a piedade diferencia um indiv&iacute;duo de outro.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Em aspectos legais e pr&aacute;ticos, as regras gerais s&atilde;o as mesmas para homens e mulheres.&nbsp; Ambos t&ecirc;m os mesmos atos de adora&ccedil;&atilde;o, as mesmas etiquetas e maneiras isl&acirc;micas, e est&atilde;o sujeitos &agrave;s mesmas penalidades legais.&nbsp; Mas tamb&eacute;m existem muitos casos nos quais as regras s&atilde;o diferentes.&nbsp; As mulheres est&atilde;o isentas de jejuar e orar durante o per&iacute;odo menstrual.&nbsp; Os homens s&atilde;o proibidos de usar ouro e seda enquanto as mulheres t&ecirc;m permiss&atilde;o para faz&ecirc;-lo, j&aacute; que a natureza das mulheres &eacute; de se embelezarem.&nbsp; As ora&ccedil;&otilde;es congregacionais de sexta-feira s&atilde;o obrigat&oacute;rias para os homens mas opcionais para as mulheres.&nbsp; Os homens devem despender o seu dinheiro na fam&iacute;lia mas o dinheiro da mulher &eacute; totalmente dela, para que ela gaste como quiser.&nbsp; Existem diferen&ccedil;as nos requisitos das vestimentas, uma vez que a apar&ecirc;ncia f&iacute;sica dos homens e mulheres &eacute; diferente.&nbsp; Tudo isso reflete as diferen&ccedil;as naturais entre homens e mulheres.&nbsp; Em quest&otilde;es menores de jurisprud&ecirc;ncia o Isl&atilde; trata homens e mulheres de acordo com suas diferen&ccedil;as inerentes em nome da igualdade substantiva e no interesse da justi&ccedil;a.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Concluindo, o Isl&atilde; afirma a absoluta igualdade espiritual de homens e mulheres, e coloca ambos em n&iacute;vel igual perante Deus.&nbsp; Em quest&otilde;es de jurisprud&ecirc;ncia o Isl&atilde; promove a igualdade substantiva de homens e mulheres, reconhece seus pontos fortes e capacidades &uacute;nicos, e regulamenta de modo a proteger os direitos de ambos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13170,"lft":6386,"rght":6387,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-18T18:53:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-09T09:36:53.000000Z","language_id":15,"user_id":13,"author_id":3431,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":3265,"author_name":"Ansar Al-Adl","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-12-18","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx"},{"id":3271,"title":"\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u7537\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\u89c2","slug":"sdgsfhdegjrjkk","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:sdgsfhdegjrjkk","hint":"","body":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>\u4f0a\u65af<\/strong><strong>\u5170\u7684\u7537\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\u89c2<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Concept_of_Gender_Equality_in_Islam_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\uff08<\/strong><strong>1\/2<\/strong><strong>\uff09\uff1a\u751f\u7406\u5dee\u5f02<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u7537\u5973\u76f8\u5904\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u8bb2\u5230\u5e73\u7b49\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5e73\u7b49\u5c31\u662f\u7537\u5973\u4e24\u6027\u5e94\u8be5\u5f97\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3001\u7edd\u5bf9\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u505a\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u505a\u5230\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u5230\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3001\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u8003\u8651\u6240\u8c13\u7684&ldquo;\u5e73\u7b49&rdquo;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u533a\u522b\u8868\u9762\u7684\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u3001\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8868\u9762\u7684\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8981\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9700\u8981\u548c\u6240\u5904\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u5bf9\u5f85\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u8005\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u548c\u6b63\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0a\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u4ee5\u53ca\u5546\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u5bb9\u7eb3\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5f53\u6709\u94b1\u4eba\u7eb3\u7a0e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u7167\u987e\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u91cd\u3001\u8003\u8651\u90a3\u4e9b\u6b63\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u751f\u7406\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u65b9\u9762\u906d\u53d7\u7740\u78e8\u96be\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b63\u662f\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u548c\u6b63\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u8c08\u5230\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u7406\u7279\u5f81\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u627f\u8ba4\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5929\u751f\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u751f\u7406\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u9075\u5b88\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u95f4\u5929\u7136\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5bf9\u5f85\u7537\u5973\uff0c\u9f13\u5439\u7537\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\uff01\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u95f4\u5929\u7136\u7684\u751f\u7406\u5dee\u5f02\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u59bb\u5b50\u6000\u5b55\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e08\u592b\u8bf4\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u5e94\u8be5\u8ddf\u4ed6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5e72\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6d3b\u3002\u8fd9\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u6000\u5b55\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u4e08\u592b\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5\u6b64\u5bf9\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd8\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02&mdash;&mdash;\u7537\u6027\u6ca1\u6709\u6708\u7ecf\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u751f\u80b2\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u6027\u66f4\u957f\u5bff\uff0c\u5728\u665a\u5e74\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002\u5728AARP\u7684\u516c\u62a5<a title=\" \u76d6\u6bd4&middot;\u683c\u9c81\u5e03\uff0c\u300a\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u95f4\u76848\u4e2a\u5dee\u5f02\u300b\u3002\uff08(http:\/\/www.aarp.org\/bulletin\/yourhealth\/Articles\/a2004-02-17-8diff.html)\uff09\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/458\/#_ftn14191\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u95f4\u67098\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">1\u3001\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5bff\u547d\u662f74.4\u5c81\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5bff\u547d\u6bd4\u7537\u6027\u957f5\u5c81\uff0c\u5176\u5bff\u547d\u662f79.8\u5c81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2\u3001\u6b7b\u4e8e\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u7537\u6027\u6bd4\u7387\u6bd4\u5973\u6027\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">3\u300165\u5c81\u4ee5\u524d\u6b7b\u4e8e\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d70%\u662f\u7537\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">4\u3001\u7761\u7720\u7a92\u606f\u75c7\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u547c\u5438\u7d0a\u4e71\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u547c\u5438\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u5728\u7761\u7720\u671f\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u7537\u6027\u4e2d\u95f4\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">5\u3001\u7537\u6027\u6b7b\u4e8e\u81ea\u6740\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u6b7b\u4e8e\u81ea\u6740\u7684\u5973\u6027\u76844\u500d\uff0c\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7537\u6027\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u7b2c8\u5927\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">6\u300140\u5c81\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u60a3\u51a0\u5fc3\u75c5\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u6bd4\u5973\u6027\u9ad8\u51fa50%\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">7\u3001\u7537\u6027\u6bd4\u5973\u6027\u66f4\u5c11\u60a3\u611f\u67d3\u6027T\u7ec6\u80de\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">8\u3001\u5f53\u4eba\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u5230\u8fbe100\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u7537\u6027\u76848\u500d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5728\u5965\u6797\u5339\u514b\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6027\u662f\u5206\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8d5b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u300218\u5c81\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u5e73\u5747\u8eab\u9ad8\u662f70.2\u82f1\u5bf8\uff0c\u4f53\u91cd\u5e73\u5747144.8\u82f1\u9551\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u6027\u5e73\u5747\u8eab\u9ad864.4\u82f1\u5bf8\uff0c\u4f53\u91cd\u5e73\u5747126.6\u82f1\u9551\u3002\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u5e73\u5747\u8981\u6bd4\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u5c0f25%\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8102\u80aa\u5e73\u5747\u6bd4\u7537\u6027\u591a10%<a title=\" \u519b\u4e8b\u6a21\u62df\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u4eba\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u529f\u80fd\uff08ADDENDUM\uff09Adrenaline-Khat-Exertion,Chang Y Chung,\u5df4\u91cc&middot;G&middot;\u897f\u5c14\u7ef4\u66fc\uff0c\u6770\u68ee&middot;\u5eb7\u95e8\u7ef4\u5c14\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/458\/#_ftn14192\">[2]<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5728\u5b66\u79d1\u6210\u7ee9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6027\u683c\u4ec1\u6148\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u8981\u6bd4\u7537\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7537\u6027\u6210\u7ee9\u8fdc\u6bd4\u5973\u6027\u9ad8\u3002\u4e24\u6027\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u957f\u5904\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6027\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e00\u7bc7\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u60f3\u5f97\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u300b\u7684\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6210\u679c\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7&middot;\u6d77\u5c14\u4e0e\u6765\u81ea\u65b0\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u51e0\u4f4d\u540c\u4e8b\u4e00\u8d77\u505a\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ddf\u5973\u4eba\u6bd4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7537\u4eba\u4e2d\u4e0e\u6574\u4f53\u667a\u529b\u6c34\u5e73\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7070\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u603b\u91cf\u662f\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u5c06\u8fd16.5\u500d\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u4eba\u4e2d\u4e0e\u667a\u529b\u6c34\u5e73\u6709\u5173\u7684\u767d\u8d28\u662f\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u5c06\u8fd110\u500d\u3002\uff08\u5728\u4eba\u8111\u5185\uff0c\u7070\u767d\u8d28\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6709\u5173\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u65b0\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u6b64\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u5f71\u8c61\u5b66\u5bb6\u96f7\u514b\u65af\u8363\u8bf4\uff1a&ldquo;\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u64c5\u957f\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002&rdquo;\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7537\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u64c5\u957f\u4e8e\u5b8c\u6210\u90a3\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u5c40\u90e8\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u4eba\u66f4\u64c5\u957f\u4e8e\u6574\u5408\u4e0e\u5408\u5e76\u90a3\u4e9b\u6765\u81ea\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7070\u767d\u8d28\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u3002<a title=\" \u8d1d\u4e9a\u59c6&middot;\u514b\u91cc\uff0c\u300a\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u60f3\u7684\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/458\/#_ftn14193\">[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5728\u300a\u4eca\u65e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7537\u6027\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8c08\u5230\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3001\u624b\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u6280\u672f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u7684\u624b\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0e\u7537\u6027\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4f3c\u4e4e\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u534f\u8c03\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5973\u5b69\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8f83\u65e9\uff0c\u5410\u5b57\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5973\u6027\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u7528\u53f3\u624b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6beb\u4e0d\u6000\u7591\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8c08\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u66f4\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9a\u4e49\u6027\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bcd\u6c47\u65f6\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5927\u8111\u6bd4\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5927\u8111\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9020\u6210\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u4e60\u5f97\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5b66\u9662\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u739b\u5229\u4e9a&middot;\u6234\u9ed8\u5fb7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u7537\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u8d28\u7684\u539a\u5ea6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5e74\u9f84\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u7684\u53f3\u8111\u76ae\u8d28\u6bd4\u5973\u6027\u53f3\u8111\u76ae\u8d28\u539a\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5de6\u8111\u76ae\u8d28\u6bd4\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5de6\u8111\u76ae\u8d28\u539a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u7537\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u8d28\u76f8\u7b49\u3002&rdquo;\uff08\u300a\u4eca\u65e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b1984\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u4e0e\u5927\u8111\u4eb2\u5bc6\u63a5\u89e6\u300b\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bf4\u660e\u7537\u5973\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u751f\u7406\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<a title=\" Male Brain, Female Brain: The Hidden Difference, Psychology Today Nov, 1985\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/458\/#_ftn14194\">[4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4ece\u7814\u7a76\u660e\u663e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5982\u4ece\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u95f4\u627e\u51fa\u4e00\u5f20\u6120\u6012\u5730\u8138\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u63ed\u793a\u7537\u5973\u4e24\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u7537\u5973\u4e24\u6027\u95f4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u7537\u5973\u540c\u5de5\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u4e0d\u518d\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u5f53\u4e0b\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u66fe\u64b0\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u80fd\u5e72\u7537\u6027\u6240\u80fd\u5e72\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u505a\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u6bd4\u7537\u6027\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u6bd4\u7537\u6027\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u597d\u7684&hellip;&hellip;&rdquo;<a title=\" \u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\uff08http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/specials\/women\/nyt98\/21saga.html\uff09\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/458\/#_ftn14195\">[5]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5b89\u62c9\u9020\u5316\u4e86\u4e24\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e24\u6027\u5f7c\u6b64\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u76f8\u4e92\u8865\u5145\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u4e0d\u7528\u6210\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e5f\u65e0\u9700\u6210\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref14191\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;\u76d6\u6bd4&middot;\u683c\u9c81\u5e03\uff0c\u300a\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u95f4\u76848\u4e2a\u5dee\u5f02\u300b\u3002\uff08(http:\/\/www.aarp.org\/bulletin\/yourhealth\/Articles\/a2004-02-17-8diff.html)\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref14192\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;\u519b\u4e8b\u6a21\u62df\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u4eba\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u529f\u80fd\uff08ADDENDUM\uff09Adrenaline-Khat-Exertion,Chang Y Chung,\u5df4\u91cc&middot;G&middot;\u897f\u5c14\u7ef4\u66fc\uff0c\u6770\u68ee&middot;\u5eb7\u95e8\u7ef4\u5c14\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref14193\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;\u8d1d\u4e9a\u59c6&middot;\u514b\u91cc\uff0c\u300a\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u60f3\u7684\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(http:\/\/www.livescience,com\/humanbiology\/05012-brain-sex.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref14194\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;Male Brain, Female Brain: The Hidden Difference, Psychology Today Nov, 1985\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref14195\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\uff08http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/specials\/women\/nyt98\/21saga.html\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\uff08<\/strong><strong>2\/2<\/strong><strong>\uff09\uff1a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5e73\u7b49<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5728\u627f\u8ba4\u7537\u5973\u751f\u7406\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u7537\u5973\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u65b9\u9762\u3001\u5728\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u5fa1\u524d\uff0c\u4eab\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u548c\u5723\u8bad\u4ee5\u6beb\u4e0d\u542b\u7cca\u7684\u53e3\u543b\u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u5728\u540e\u4e16\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u7537\u5973\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5206\u4eab\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u62a5\u916c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u627f\u62c5\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u8d23\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u5e94\u7b54\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1a&lsquo;\u6211\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f7f\u4f60\u4eec\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u5584\u8005\u5f92\u52b3\u65e0\u916c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ed6\u662f\u7537\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5973\u7684<\/strong><strong>&mdash;&mdash;<\/strong><strong>\u7537\u5973\u662f\u76f8\u751f\u7684<\/strong><strong>&hellip;&hellip;&rsquo;&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong><strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong><strong>3<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>195<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u4fe1\u58eb\u548c\u4fe1\u5973\uff0c<\/strong><strong>\u8c01\u884c\u5584\u8c01\u5f97\u5165\u4e50\u56ed\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u53d7\u4e1d<\/strong><strong>\u6beb\u7684<\/strong><strong>\u4e8f\u6789\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong><strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong><strong>4<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>124<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u51e1\u884c\u5584\u7684\u7537\u5973\u4fe1\u58eb\uff0c\u6211\u8a93\u5fc5\u8981\u4f7f\u4ed6<\/strong><strong>\u4eec\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u7f8e\u6ee1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6211\u8a93\u5fc5\u8981\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u884c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5584\u529f\u62a5\u916c\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong><strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong><strong>16<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>97<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u4f5c<\/strong><strong>\u6076\u8005\u53ea\u53d7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6076\u62a5\uff1b\u884c\u5584\u800c\u4e14\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u7537\u5b50\u548c\u5973\u5b50\uff0c\u5c06\u5165\u4e50\u56ed\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u65e0\u91cf\u7684\u4f9b\u7ed9\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong><strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong><strong>40<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>40<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u987a\u670d\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u670d\u4ece\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u575a\u5fcd\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u606d\u656c\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u597d\u65bd\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u658b\u6212\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u4fdd\u5b88\u8d1e\u64cd\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u5e38\u8bb0\u5ff5\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u7537\u5973\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u5df2\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u9884\u5907\u4e86\u8d66\u5ba5\u548c\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u62a5\u916c\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong><strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong><strong>33<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>35<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u4f17\u4eba\u554a\uff01\u6211\u786e\u5df2\u4ece\u4e00\u7537\u4e00\u5973<\/strong><strong>\u521b\u9020\u4f60\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u4f7f\u4f60\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u5b97\u65cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f60\u4eec\u4e92\u76f8\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u5728\u5b89\u62c9\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0a\u8d35\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u4f60\u4eec\u4e2d\u6700\u656c\u754f\u8005\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u786e\u662f\u5168\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u786e\u662f\u5f7b\u77e5\u7684\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong><strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong><strong>49<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>13<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u5728\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u5fa1\u524d\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u62e5\u6709\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u8654\u8bda\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u4e0e\u591a\u5be1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7537\u5973\u5730\u4f4d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u7537\u5973\u4e24\u6027\u90fd\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u529f\u4fee\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u793c\u8282\uff0c\u670d\u4ece\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5211\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f85\u7537\u5973\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5987\u5973\u6708\u7ecf\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5c01\u658b\u3001\u4e0d\u793c\u62dc\uff1b\u7537\u5b50\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f69\u6234\u91d1\u8d28\u6212\u6307\u3001\u7a7f\u6234\u4e1d\u7ef8\u8863\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u636e\u5987\u5973\u7231\u7f8e\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5987\u5973\u4f69\u6234\u91d1\u6212\u6307\u3001\u7a7f\u4e1d\u7ef8\u8863\u670d\uff1b\u7537\u5b50\u5fc5\u987b\u53c2\u52a0\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u805a\u793c\u62dc\uff0c\u5987\u5973\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u53c2\u52a0\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53c2\u52a0\uff1b\u7537\u5b50\u627f\u62c5\u517b\u5bb6\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6536\u5165\u82b1\u8d39\u5728\u59bb\u5b50\u513f\u5973\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u5973\u5b50\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6536\u5165\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\uff0c\u5979\u53ef\u4ee5\u82b1\u8d39\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u82b1\u8d39\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u65b9\u9762\uff1b\u5728\u670d\u88c5\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7537\u5973\u7684\u5916\u8c8c\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u90fd\u53cd\u5e94\u4e86\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4f9d\u636e\u7537\u5973\u5929\u7136\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f85\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u6700\u540e\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u65b9\u9762\u7edd\u5bf9\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u5b89\u62c9\u5fa1\u524d\u6709\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u5979\u4eec\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u4fdd\u62a4\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u6743\u5229\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":9603,"lft":6388,"rght":6389,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-18T18:53:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-09T05:54:58.000000Z","language_id":18,"user_id":13,"author_id":3431,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":3265,"author_name":"Ansar Al-Adl","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-12-18","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx"},{"id":3272,"title":"\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u306e\u6982\u5ff5","slug":"sdgsfhdhjjkkj","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:sdgsfhdhjjkkj","hint":"","body":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><strong>\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u306e\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Concept_of_Gender_Equality_in_Islam_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\uff08\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8<\/strong><strong>1<\/strong><strong>\uff0f<\/strong><strong>2<\/strong><strong>\uff09\uff1a\u751f\u7406\u5b66<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5e73\u7b49\u6027\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3044\u304b\u306b\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8b70\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u533a\u5225\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5e73\u7b49\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a71\u3059\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e21\u96c6\u56e3\u3092\u5168\u304f\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u6271\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3053\u308c\u306f\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3001\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306a\u884c\u70ba\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3054\u304f\u5c11\u6570\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u3057\u304b\u76f8\u5fdc\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u5f7c\u3089\u5168\u54e1\u3092\u5f93\u5c5e\u3055\u305b\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3001\u5f37\u3055\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u3068\u969c\u5bb3\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u878d\u901a\u3092\u5229\u304b\u305b\u3066\u6349\u3048\u3001\u8003\u616e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u8868\u9762\u7684\u304b\u3064\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u4e0a\u306e\u5e73\u7b49\u3068\u3001\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u5e73\u7b49\u2010\u3064\u307e\u308a\u6b63\u7fa9\u2010\u306e\u533a\u5225\u3092\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u3053\u3068\u306f\u8868\u9762\u7684\u304b\u3064\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u4e0a\u306e\u5e73\u7b49\u306b\u7684\u3092\u7d5e\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5168\u5e02\u6c11\u306b\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u5e73\u7b49\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3068\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u516c\u6b63\u306b\u6271\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4eba\u9593\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u5e73\u7b49\u304c\u516c\u6b63\u3055\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3086\u3048\u306b\u3001\u6bce\u65e5\u306e\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u5e73\u7b49\u3092\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u4e0a\u306e\u5e73\u7b49\u3088\u308a\u3082\u597d\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u5834\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u3084\u5546\u696d\u5730\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u3092\u3082\u3063\u305f\u4eba\u3005\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u88d5\u798f\u306a\u8005\u304c\u8ab2\u7a0e\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8ca7\u56f0\u8005\u304c\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u7949\u7684\u914d\u616e\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u751f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u30fb\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u30fb\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u3092\u611f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u3001\u7279\u5225\u306a\u914d\u616e\u3068\u8003\u616e\u3092\u65bd\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5168\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u3068\u6b63\u7fa9\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u8ab0\u3057\u3082\u304c\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u9593\u306b\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u306e\u306a\u3044\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u76f8\u9055\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u306f\u3001\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u70b9\u3067\u81ea\u7136\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3086\u3048\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u304a\u308d\u305d\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u540c\u69d8\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5358\u4e00\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u4e3b\u5531\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u4e0a\u306e\u5e73\u7b49\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u5e73\u7b49\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u59bb\u304c\u598a\u5a20\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6642\u3001\u305d\u306e\u592b\u304c\u5f7c\u5973\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f7c\u3068\u540c\u3058\u304f\u3089\u3044\u4e00\u751f\u61f8\u547d\u50cd\u304f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u63d0\u6848\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u7fa9\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3080\u3057\u308d\u5f7c\u5973\u306e\u598a\u5a20\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8ca0\u62c5\u3068\u3001\u592b\u304c\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u7269\u4e8b\u3092\u8abf\u6574\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6b63\u7fa9\u304c\u884c\u4f7f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7537\u5973\u9593\u306b\u306f\u3001\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u76f8\u9055\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7537\u6027\u306f\u6708\u7d4c\u3082\u51fa\u7523\u3082\u7d4c\u9a13\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3057\u3001\u5973\u6027\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u7537\u6027\u3088\u308a\u9577\u751f\u304d\u3057\u3001\u7537\u6027\u306b\u6bd4\u3057\u3066\u8001\u5e74\u671f\u306e\u5065\u5eb7\u554f\u984c\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u50be\u5411\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002AARP\u4f1a\u5831\u306f\u3001\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u306e8\u3064\u306e\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u76f8\u9055\u70b9\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u767a\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff1a<a title=\" \u300c\u7537\u5973\u9593\u306e8\u3064\u306e\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u76f8\u9055\uff088 Health Differences Between Men and Women\uff09\u300dGaby Gollub\u8457\uff08http:\/\/www.aarp.org\/bulletin\/yourhealth\/Articles\/a2004-02-17-8diff.html\uff09\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/458\/#_ftn14432\">[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5065\u5eb7\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3001\u7537\u5973\u9593\u306e\u76f8\u9055\u306f\u3001\u5e74\u5ea6\u691c\u67fb\u3068\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u51e6\u7f6e\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u614b\u5ea6\u306e\u307f\u306b\u7559\u307e\u3089\u305a\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5e83\u7bc4\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7537\u6027\u304c\u533b\u8005\u306e\u4e88\u7d04\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u306b\u3042\u305f\u3063\u30662\u30013\u306e\u7406\u7531\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u5099\u3048\u3066\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u4e8b\u67c4\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5408\u8846\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7537\u6027\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5bff\u547d\u306f74.4\u6b73\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5973\u6027\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u5bff\u547d\u3067\u3042\u308b79.8\u6b73\u3088\u308a\u30825\u5e74\u77ed\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u764c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6b7b\u306f\u3001\u7537\u6027\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;65\u6b73\u4ee5\u524d\u306b\u5fc3\u81d3\u75c5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6b7b\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306e70%\u306f\u3001\u7537\u6027\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u7761\u7720\u4e2d\u306b\u4e00\u65e6\u547c\u5438\u304c\u505c\u6b62\u3057\u3066\u306f\u518d\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5371\u967a\u306a\u969c\u5bb3\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u7761\u7720\u4e2d\u306e\u7121\u547c\u5438\u75c7\u306f\u3001\u5973\u6027\u3088\u308a\u3082\u7537\u6027\u306b\u591a\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u81ea\u6bba\u6b7b\u3059\u308b\u7537\u6027\u306f\u3001\u5973\u6027\u306b\u6bd4\u3057\u30664\u500d\u3082\u306e\u6570\u306b\u4e0a\u308b\u3002\u5c1a\u81ea\u6bba\u306f\u3001\u7537\u6027\u306e\u6b7b\u56e0\u306e\u7b2c8\u756a\u76ee\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u7537\u6027\u306f40\u6b73\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u5973\u6027\u306b\u6bd4\u3057\u3066\u51a0\u72b6\u52d5\u8108\u6027\u5fc3\u81d3\u75c5\u306b\u306a\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u304c50%\u3082\u9ad8\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u611f\u67d3\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u62b5\u6297\u3059\u308bT\u7d30\u80de\u306f\u3001\u5973\u6027\u3088\u308a\u3082\u7537\u6027\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;100\u6b73\u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b\u5973\u6027\u306f\u3001\u7537\u6027\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u30668\u500d\u3082\u591a\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span 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large;\">\u30aa\u30ea\u30f3\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u306f\u751f\u7406\u7684\u9055\u3044\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5225\u306b\u7af6\u4e89\u3057\u307e\u3059\u300218\u6b73\u306e\u6642\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u5973\u6027\u306e\u8eab\u9577\u306f64.4\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\uff08\u7d04164cm\uff09\u3001\u4f53\u91cd\u306f126.6\u30dd\u30f3\u30c9\uff08\u7d0457.5kg\uff09\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u7537\u6027\u306e\u8eab\u9577\u306f70.2\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\uff08\u7d04178cm\uff09\u3001\u4f53\u91cd\u306f144.8\u30dd\u30f3\u30c9\uff08\u7d0466kg\uff09\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f53\u91cd\u306b\u6bd4\u3057\u305f\u5168\u8eab\u306e\u7b4b\u8089\u91cf\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7537\u6027\u306f\u5973\u6027\u3088\u308a\u308250%\u52dd\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u5973\u6027\u306e\u5fc3\u81d3\u306f\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u7537\u6027\u306e\u305d\u308c\u3088\u308a25%\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5973\u6027\u306f\u3001\u7537\u6027\u3088\u308a\u304a\u3088\u305d10%\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8102\u80aa\u3092\u6709\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<a title=\" Performance Moderator Functions for Human Behavior Modeling in Military Simulations (ADDENDUM) Adrenaline &ndash; Khat &ndash; Exertion, Chang Y Chung, Dr. Barry G. Silverman, Jason Cornwell. (http:\/\/64.233.167.104\/search?q=cache:OYtYvD7FS3QJ:www.seas.upenn.edu\/%7Eb\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/458\/#_ftn14433\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4e00\u65b9\u5b66\u554f\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5973\u6027\u306f\u8a00\u8a9e\u3084\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u79d1\u76ee\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7537\u6027\u3088\u308a\u3082\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u9ad8\u3044\u5f97\u70b9\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6570\u5b66\u3068\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9006\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u304c\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3044\u305a\u308c\u306e\u6027\u306b\u3082\u3001\u72ec\u7279\u306e\u5f37\u307f\u3068\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u306e\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u306a\u9055\u3044\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u306f\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u9055\u3063\u305f\u98a8\u306b\u8003\u3048\u308b\uff08Men and Women Really Do Think Differently\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u984c\u3092\u3064\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3042\u308b\u8a18\u4e8b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u793a\u3059\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u795e\u7d4c\u5b66\u7684\u8abf\u67fb\u304c\u5f15\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30ab\u30ea\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30cb\u30a2\u5927\u5b66\u30a2\u30fc\u30f4\u30a3\u30f3\u6821\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u30ea\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30cf\u30a4\u30a8\u30eb\u6c0f\u306f\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e1\u30ad\u30b7\u30b3\u5927\u5b66\u304b\u3089\u306e\u540c\u50da\u3068\u306e\u5171\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8abf\u67fb\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff1a\u7537\u6027\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u77e5\u6027\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7070\u767d\u8cea\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u5973\u6027\u306e\u307b\u307c6.5\u500d\u306e\u91cf\u3092\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u5973\u6027\u306f\u77e5\u6027\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u306e\u3042\u308b\u767d\u8cea\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7537\u6027\u3088\u308a\u3082\u307b\u307c10\u500d\u306e\u91cf\u3092\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002&hellip;\u7070\u767d\u8cea\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u8133\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u60c5\u5831\u51e6\u7406\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u62c5\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u767d\u8cea\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5316\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e1\u30ad\u30b7\u30b3\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u795e\u7d4c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5171\u8457\u8005\u306e\u30ec\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30fb\u30e6\u30f3\u30b0\u306f\u3001\u3053\u3046\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a\u300c\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u304b\u3089\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u3001\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u304c\u306a\u305c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u300d\u30e6\u30f3\u30b0\u306f\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a\u300c\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u7537\u6027\u306f\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u306a\u3069\u306e\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5c40\u6240\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u51e6\u7406\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306b\u3088\u308a\u79c0\u3067\u308b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u5973\u6027\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8133\u306b\u5e83\u304f\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b\u7070\u767d\u8cea\u5c64\uff08\u8a00\u8a9e\u6280\u8853\u306a\u3069\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff09\u304b\u3089\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u96c6\u7a4d\u3057\u3001\u878d\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3088\u308a\u5f97\u610f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u300d<a title=\" \u300c\u7537\u5973\u306f\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u9055\u3063\u305f\u98a8\u306b\u8003\u3048\u308b\uff08Men and Women Really Do Think Differently\uff09\u300dBjorn Carey\u8457\u3001LiveScience\u793e (http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/humanbiology\/050120_brain_sex.html)\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/458\/#_ftn14434\">[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u307e\u305f\u300c\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff08<em>Psychology Today<\/em>\uff09\u300d\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5225\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306f\u3001\u7537\u5973\u9593\u306e\u76f8\u9055\u3092\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u306a\u308b\u3082\u306e\u300d\u3068\u5f62\u5bb9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u8a00\u8a9e\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u904b\u52d5\u6280\u80fd\u306b\u5bc4\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u624b\u306e\u904b\u52d5\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u3001\u7537\u6027\u306b\u6bd4\u3057\u3066\u5973\u6027\u306e\u8133\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u306b\u7d44\u7e54\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u5973\u5150\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u65e9\u671f\u306b\u558b\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u3088\u308a\u660e\u6670\u306b\u8a71\u3057\u3001\u304b\u3064\u624b\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u904b\u52d5\u6280\u80fd\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3088\u308a\u512a\u308c\u305f\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u307e\u305f\u5973\u6027\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u53f3\u5229\u304d\u306e\u5272\u5408\u306f\u3001\u7537\u6027\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u306f\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u5f59\u80fd\u529b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7570\u306a\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u8a00\u8449\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306a\u3069\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u3088\u308a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5973\u6027\u306e\u8133\u306f\u7537\u6027\u306e\u305d\u308c\u3088\u308a\u62e1\u6563\u7684\u306b\u7d44\u7e54\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&hellip;\u30ab\u30ea\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30cb\u30a2\u5927\u5b66\u30d0\u30fc\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u6821\u306e\u795e\u7d4c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u30f3\u30fb\u30c0\u30a4\u30a2\u30e2\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u96cc\u96c4\u306e\u30cd\u30ba\u30df\u306e\u8133\u76ae\u8cea\u306e\u539a\u3055\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3001\u5973\u6027\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308b\u5e74\u9f62\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306e\u307f\u5de6\u8133\u76ae\u8cea\u304c\u539a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u7537\u6027\u3067\u306f\u5927\u65b9\u306e\u5e74\u9f62\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u53f3\u8133\u76ae\u8cea\u304c\u539a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff081984\u5e7411\u6708\u53f7\u306e\u300c\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff08Psychology Today\uff09\u300d\u5185\u3001\u300c\u8133\u306b\u3088\u308b\u60c5\u4e8b\uff08A Love Affair with the brain\uff09\u300d\u3092\u3054\u89a7\u4e0b\u3055\u3044\uff09\u3002&hellip;\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u304c\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u30fb\u751f\u7406\u7684\u306b\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u70b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u76f8\u9055\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u907f\u3051\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<a title=\" \u300c\u7537\u6027\u306e\u8133\u3001\u5973\u6027\u306e\u8133\uff1a\u79d8\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u76f8\u9055\uff08Male Brain, Female Brain: The Hidden Difference\uff09\u300dPsychology Today Nov, 1985\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/458\/#_ftn14435\">[4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u3001\u884c\u52d5\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u660e\u767d\u306a\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7fa4\u8846\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u6012\u3063\u305f\u9854\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u306a\u3069\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u304f\u3089\u3044\u4e9b\u7d30\u306a\u3082\u306e\u307e\u3067\u3001\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u30022\u3064\u306e\u6027\u306e\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306a\u76f8\u9055\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u3066\u307f\u308c\u3070\u3001\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u304c\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\u30fb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30ba\u7d19\u306e\u5973\u6027\u306e\u5065\u5eb7\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a00\u53ca\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u7537\u6027\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5973\u6027\u306b\u3060\u3063\u3066\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30d5\u30a7\u30df\u30cb\u30b9\u30c8\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u306b\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u306f\u3042\u308b\u7a2e\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306b\u9650\u3063\u3066\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5973\u6027\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u3088\u308a\u3088\u304f\u3053\u306a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5973\u6027\u306b\u306f\u7537\u6027\u306b\u52dd\u308b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u53ca\u3073\u8a8d\u8b58\u529b\u7684\u5229\u70b9\u304c\u5099\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u305d\u306e\u53cd\u9762\u3001\u5973\u6027\u304c\u7537\u6027\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u51fa\u6765\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<a title=\"\u300c\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\u30fb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30ba\u300d (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/specials\/women\/nyt98\/21saga.html) \" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/458\/#_ftn14436\">[5]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u795e\u306f\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u76f8\u7570\u306a\u308b\u5f62\u306b\u3001\u3057\u304b\u3057\u529b\u3084\u80fd\u529b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u88dc\u8db3\u3057\u5408\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5275\u9020\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6210\u529f\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u3001\u7537\u6027\u304c\u5973\u6027\u3092\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3001\u307e\u305f\u305d\u306e\u9006\u3082\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref14432\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;\u300c\u7537\u5973\u9593\u306e8\u3064\u306e\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u76f8\u9055\uff08<em>8 Health Differences Between Men and Women<\/em>\uff09\u300dGaby Gollub\u8457\uff08http:\/\/www.aarp.org\/bulletin\/yourhealth\/Articles\/a2004-02-17-8diff.html\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref14433\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Performance Moderator Functions for Human Behavior Modeling in Military Simulations (ADDENDUM) Adrenaline &ndash; Khat &ndash; Exertion, Chang Y Chung, Dr. Barry G. Silverman, Jason Cornwell. (http:\/\/64.233.167.104\/search?q=cache:OYtYvD7FS3QJ:www.seas.upenn.edu\/%7Ebarryg\/PMF_Addendum1.doc)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref14434\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;\u300c\u7537\u5973\u306f\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u9055\u3063\u305f\u98a8\u306b\u8003\u3048\u308b\uff08<em>Men and Women Really Do Think Differently<\/em>\uff09\u300dBjorn Carey\u8457\u3001LiveScience\u793e(http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/humanbiology\/050120_brain_sex.html)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref14435\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;\u300c\u7537\u6027\u306e\u8133\u3001\u5973\u6027\u306e\u8133\uff1a\u79d8\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u76f8\u9055\uff08Male Brain, Female Brain: The Hidden Difference\uff09\u300d<em>Psychology Today<\/em>&nbsp;Nov, 1985<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref14436\">[5]<\/a>\u300c\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\u30fb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30ba\u300d(http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/specials\/women\/nyt98\/21saga.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\uff08\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8<\/strong><strong>2<\/strong><strong>\uff0f<\/strong><strong>2<\/strong><strong>\uff09\uff1a\u7537\u5973\u306e\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u5e73\u7b49<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u7537\u5973\u9593\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u76f8\u9055\u3068\u306f\u5225\u306b\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u795e\u306e\u5fa1\u524d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u308b\u5e73\u7b49\u3092\u4eab\u53d7\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\uff08\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\uff09\u3068\u30b9\u30f3\u30ca\uff08\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u8a00\u884c\u96c6\uff09\u306f\u3001\u6765\u4e16\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5831\u5968\u3084\u61f2\u7f70\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4eba\u306e\u6027\u306f\u5168\u304f\u554f\u308f\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u767d\u306b\u8a00\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u300c\u308f\u308c\uff08\u795e\uff09\u306f\u3001\u7537\u3067\u3042\u308c\u5973\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u306e\u5185\u306e\u884c\u3046\u8005\u306e\u884c\u70ba\u3092\u7121\u99c4\u306b\u306f\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u306f\u304a\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u3001\u540c\u3058\u5b50\u5b6b\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>3<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>195<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u300c\u7537\u3067\u3042\u308c\u5973\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u3067\u5584\u884c\u3092\u884c\u3046\u8005\u306f\u3001\u5929\u56fd\u306b\u5165\u308b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u4e0d\u6b63\u3092\u8499\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3002\u300d\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>4<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>124<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u300c\u7537\u3067\u3042\u308c\u5973\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u5584\u884c\u3092\u884c\u3046\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u306b\u306f\u3001\u308f\u308c\u3089\uff08\u795e\uff09\u304c\u3088\u3044\u66ae\u3089\u3057\u3092\u9001\u3089\u305b\u3088\u3046\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u6700\u826f\u306e\u5831\u5968\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u5831\u3044\u3088\u3046\u3002\u300d\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>16<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>97<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u300c<\/strong><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u60aa\u4e8b\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u8005\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3082\u3063\u3066\u5831\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u7537\u3067\u3042\u308c\u5973\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u5584\u884c\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u306f\u3001\u5929\u56fd\u306b\u5165\u308b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001\u7121\u9650\u306e\u304a\u6075\u307f\u3092\u6388\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\u300d\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>40<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>40<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u300c\u5b9f\u306b\u3001\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u306e\u7537\u5973\u3068\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u306e\u7537\u5973\u3001\u5f93\u9806\u306a\u7537\u5973\u3068\u771f\u646f\u306a\u7537\u5973\u3001\u8f9b\u62b1\u5f37\u3044\u7537\u5973\u3068\u754f\u308c\u6df1\u3044\u7537\u5973\u3001\u3088\u304f\u65bd\u3059\u7537\u5973\u3068\u3088\u304f\u658e\u6212\u3059\u308b\u7537\u5973\u3001\u8c9e\u7bc0\u3092\u56fa\u5b88\u3059\u308b\u7537\u5973\u3068\u795e\u3092\u3088\u304f\u60f3\u8d77\u3059\u308b\u7537\u5973\u306b\u306f\u3001\u795e\u304c\u7f6a\u306e\u304a\u8d66\u3057\u3068\u5049\u5927\u306a\u308b\u5831\u5968\u3092\u6388\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3002\u300d\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>33<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>35<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u300c\u4eba\u9593\u3088\u3001\u5b9f\u306b\u308f\u308c\u3089\uff08\u795e\uff09\u306f\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u3092\u4e00\u7d44\u306e\u7537\u5973\u304b\u3089\u5275\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u3092\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6c11\u65cf\u3084\u90e8\u65cf\u306b\u5206\u3051\u5e83\u3052\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u304c\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u77e5\u308a\u5408\u308f\u3093\u304c\u305f\u3081\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5b9f\u306b\u795e\u306e\u5fa1\u8a31\u3067\u6700\u3082\u8cb4\u3044\u8005\u306f\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u306e\u5185\u3067\u6700\u3082\u656c\u795e\u306e\u5ff5\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u8005\u3002\u30a2\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u306f\u5168\u3066\u3092\u3054\u5b58\u77e5\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5168\u3066\u306b\u901a\u6681\u3055\u308c\u305f\u304a\u65b9\u3002\u300d\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>49<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>13<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u3053\u3046\u3057\u3066\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u7537\u5973\u304c\u795e\u306e\u5fa1\u524d\u3067\u5e73\u7b49\u306a\u5730\u4f4d\u3068\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u656c\u795e\u306e\u5ff5\u3053\u305d\u304c\u500b\u4eba\u9593\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u77ad\u306b\u5ba3\u8a00\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u6cd5\u7684\u304b\u3064\u5b9f\u969b\u7684\u306a\u5074\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u898f\u5247\u306f\u7537\u5973\u306e\u5225\u306a\u304f\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u5d07\u62dd\u884c\u70ba\u3084\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u30fb\u884c\u5100\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u7537\u5973\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3057\u3001\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u5211\u7f70\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3082\u540c\u7a2e\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u79d1\u305b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u7537\u5973\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6cd5\u898f\u5b9a\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3082\u3001\u6570\u591a\u304f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u5973\u6027\u306f\u6708\u7d4c\u671f\u9593\u4e2d\u3001\u658e\u6212\uff08\u65ad\u98df\uff09\u3068\u793c\u62dd\u306e\u7fa9\u52d9\u3092\u514d\u9664\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u5973\u6027\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u7f8e\u3057\u304f\u88c5\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u305d\u306e\u5929\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5099\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u91d1\u3084\u7d79\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a31\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7537\u6027\u306b\u306f\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7981\u3058\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u91d1\u66dc\u65e5\u306e\u96c6\u56e3\u793c\u62dd\u306f\u7537\u6027\u306b\u306f\u7fa9\u52d9\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5973\u6027\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u884c\u70ba\u3067\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u7537\u6027\u306f\u81ea\u3089\u304c\u6276\u990a\u3059\u308b\u5bb6\u65cf\u306b\u304a\u91d1\u3092\u8cbb\u3084\u3055\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u5973\u6027\u306e\u304a\u91d1\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5f7c\u5973\u3089\u306e\u6240\u6709\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u597d\u304d\u306a\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u306e\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u69d8\u76f8\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u8863\u985e\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u3082\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3053\u308c\u3089\u5168\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u306e\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u76f8\u9055\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u304c\u6700\u3082\u4e9b\u7d30\u306a\u6cd5\u5b66\u7684\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3067\u3055\u3048\u3082\u3001\u7537\u5973\u3092\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u5e73\u7b49\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u6b63\u7fa9\u3086\u3048\u306b\u6271\u3046\u306e\u306f\u3001\u3053\u3046\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u7d50\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5fa1\u524d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u5e73\u7b49\u306a\u5730\u4f4d\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6cd5\u5b66\u7684\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u7537\u6027\u3068\u5973\u6027\u306e\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u5e73\u7b49\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3057\u3001\u307e\u305f\u5404\u3005\u306b\u5099\u308f\u3063\u305f\u72ec\u7279\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u3068\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u6a29\u5229\u3092\u4fdd\u8b77\u3057\u3064\u3064\u9069\u5207\u306a\u898f\u5b9a\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":10121,"lft":6390,"rght":6391,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-18T18:53:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-09T09:07:53.000000Z","language_id":16,"user_id":13,"author_id":3431,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":3265,"author_name":"Ansar Al-Adl","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-12-18","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx"},{"id":3273,"title":"Il concetto di parit\u00e0 dei sessi nell'Islam","slug":"il-concetto-di-parit-dei-sessi-nellislam","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/it-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/it-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:il-concetto-di-parit-dei-sessi-nellislam","hint":"","body":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><strong><strong>Il concetto di parit&agrave; dei sessi nell'Islam<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Concept_of_Gender_Equality_in_Islam_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>(1 di 2): Fisiologia<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Prima di discutere il concetto di uguaglianza tra uomini e donne e di com'&egrave; trattato nell'Islam, occorre fare una distinzione importante. Molte persone che parlano di uguaglianza credono che questo si debba riflette nel trattamento dei due sessi nello stesso identico modo. Tuttavia, questo non rappresenta sempre il giusto operato. Infatti, le necessit&agrave; delle persone, i loro punti di forza, le loro abilit&agrave; e disabilit&agrave; devono essere osservate e prese in considerazione in modo da non sottoporre tutti ad un unico standard che potrebbe rivelarsi adatto solo per pochi.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Quindi abbiamo bisogno di far distinzione tra l'eguaglianza apparente o superficiale e l'uguaglianza sostanziale, la giustizia quindi. Molte societ&agrave; concepiscono che la cosa essenziale non &egrave; quella di concentrarsi sulla parit&agrave; processuale superficiale, bens&igrave; sul fatto di fornire una sostanziale parit&agrave; per tutti i suoi cittadini, trattandoli con giustizia in base alle loro esigenze e circostanze. Il genere umano &egrave; incline all'uguaglianza sostanziale piuttosto che quella processuale, basata sulla vita quotidiana, perch&eacute; ci si rende conto che &egrave; il primo ad avverare la giustizia. Si considerano ad esempio in modo opportuno nei nostri luoghi di lavoro, nelle scuole, e le zone commerciali, le persone disabili. Identifichiamo la necessaria presenza dei servizi sociali per prendersi cura del povero nella societ&agrave;, nel momento in cui i ricchi sono soggetti a imposte. Diamo particolare attenzione e considerazione a chi subisce difficolt&agrave; emotive, psicologiche o fisiche nella propria vita. Tutto questo rappresenta quella sostanziale uguaglianza, equit&agrave; e giustizia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Uomini e Donne<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Quando si tratta di uomini e donne, tutti riconoscono che ci sono differenze tipiche ed indiscutibili tra i due sessi. Essi, infatti, non sono identici e di natura, uomini e donne, sono diversi tra di loro. Di conseguenza, non &egrave; logico trascurare queste differenze e tollerare un unico standard anche in quelle questioni in cui non sono medesimi. Rappresenterebbe si equit&agrave; processuale, ma non sostanziale.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ad esempio, sarebbe ingiusto per un marito pretendere che la moglie lavori nello stesso modo anche quando &egrave; incinta. La giustizia si avvera nel momento in cui si prende in considerazione l'onere della gravidanza e vi sar&agrave; quindi la necessit&agrave; per il marito di regolarsi di conseguenza. Ci sono evidenti differenze biologiche. Gli uomini non subiscono menopause, mestruazioni, o parti, tuttavia le donne generalmente vivono pi&ugrave; a lungo e hanno meno problemi di salute in et&agrave; anziana. Il Bollettino AARP ha pubblicato un articolo in cui esalta otto differenze di salute tra uomini e donne:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Quando si tratta di salute, le differenze tra uomini e donne si estendono ben oltre alla loro attitudine di eseguire controlli annuali e trattamenti di cui hanno bisogno. Riguardo agli uomini, avrebbero bisogno di un paio di motivi per fare una visita medica, e dovrebbero prendere in considerazione quanto segue:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;La prospettiva di vita per gli uomini negli Stati Uniti, 74,4, &egrave; pi&ugrave; breve di circa cinque anni rispetto a quella delle donne, 79,8.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull; Il cancro uccide gli uomini con un tasso superiore a quello con cui uccide le donne.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Quelli che muoiono a causa di malattie cardiache prima dei 65 anni, sono per il 70 per cento uomini.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;L'apnea nel sonno, una malattia potenzialmente grave che causa l'arresto e l'avvio della respirazione ripetutamente durante il sonno, &egrave; pi&ugrave; comune negli uomini rispetto alle donne.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Il numero degli uomini che muoiono per suicidio &egrave; quattro volte maggiore.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gli uomini sono esposti con un 50 per cento di probabilit&agrave; in pi&ugrave; rispetto alle donne, nello sviluppare malattie di tipo coronarica dopo i 40 anni.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gli uomini hanno cellule \"T\" che combattono le infezioni in quantit&agrave; inferiore rispetto alle donne.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Circa il raggiungimento dell'et&agrave; dei 100 anni, le donne superano gli uomini con un rapporto di otto a uno.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Nelle Olimpiadi, uomini e donne gareggiano separatamente a causa delle differenze fisiologiche. All'et&agrave; di 18 anni, il maschio medio &egrave; di 70,2 pollici (1.78 m) di altezza e pesa 144,8 lb (65.7 kg), mentre la femmina media &egrave; di 64,4 pollici (1.64 m) di altezza e pesa 126,6 lb (57.4 kg). In base al peso, gli uomini hanno un 50% di massa muscolare totale in pi&ugrave; rispetto alle donne. Il cuore di una donna media &egrave; 25% pi&ugrave; piccolo di quello di un uomo medio. Le donne hanno circa dieci punti percentuali in pi&ugrave; di grasso rispetto agli uomini<a title=\" Performance Moderator Functions for Human Behavior Modeling in Military Simulations (ADDENDUM) Adrenaline &ndash; Khat &ndash; Exertion, Chang Y Chung, Dr. Barry G. Silverman, Jason Cornwell. (http:\/\/64.233.167.104\/search?q=cache:OYtYvD7FS3QJ:www.seas.upenn.edu\/%7Eb\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/458\/#_ftn24212\">[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">In ambiente accademico, le donne hanno generalmente un punteggio pi&ugrave; elevato di quello degli uomini in materie linguistiche o umanitarie, mentre &egrave; vero il contrario in materie come la matematica e le scienze. Entrambi i sessi hanno quindi punti di forza e capacit&agrave; esclusive. Per quanto riguarda le differenze di tipo psicologico, invece, un articolo dal titolo \"Uomini e Donne, davvero fare pensare in modo diverso\", cita un recente studio neurologico:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Il professore di psicologia Richard Haier dell'Universit&agrave; di California, (Irvine), ha condotto una ricerca insieme ai colleghi dell'Universit&agrave; di New Mexico. I loro risultati mostrano che, in generale, gli uomini hanno quasi 6,5 volte la quantit&agrave; di materia grigia connessa all'intelligenza generale rispetto alle donne, mentre le donne hanno quasi 10 volte la quantit&agrave; di materia bianca connessa all'intelligenza rispetto agli uomini. [...] Nel cervello umano, la materia grigia rappresenta i centri di elaborazione delle informazioni, mentre la materia bianca lavora per mettere in rete questi centri di elaborazione.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">I risultati di questo studio possono contribuire a spiegare perch&eacute; gli uomini e le donne si distinguono nei diversi tipi di attivit&agrave;, ha detto il co-autore e neuropsicologo Rex Jung dell'Universit&agrave; del New Mexico. Per esempio, gli uomini tendono a fare meglio le attivit&agrave; in cui si richiedono elaborazioni pi&ugrave; localizzate, come la matematica, mentre le donne, continua Jung, sono pi&ugrave; portate ad integrare e assimilare le informazioni provenienti dalle regioni di sostanza grigia distribuite nel cervello, che sviluppano le competenze linguistiche<a title=\" Men and Women Really Do Think Differently, Bjorn Carey, LiveScience. (http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/humanbiology\/050120_brain_sex.html)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/458\/#_ftn24213\">[2]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Un altro articolo pubblicato su&nbsp;<em>Psychology Today<\/em>&nbsp;descrive le differenze tra uomini e donne come 'inevitabile':<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Quando si tratta di parlare e compiere movimenti con la mano, che contribuiscono alle capacit&agrave; motorie, il cervello sembra maggiormente organizzato nelle donne rispetto agli uomini. Da questo potrebbe conseguire il fatto che le ragazze generalmente intervengono prima, sono meglio articolare ed hanno un migliore e raffinato controllo motorio delle mani. Inoltre, le donne, in percentuale maggiore rispetto agli uomini, sono di mano destra, e inequivocabilmente &egrave; cos&igrave;. Ma quando si tratta di determinati compiti, pi&ugrave; astratti, come ad esempio la definizione di parole, il cervello delle donne&nbsp; &egrave; maggiormente organizzato di quello degli uomini, anche gli uomini e le donne non si differenziano per capacit&agrave; vocabolario generale.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;[...] Il neuropsicologo Marian Diamante dell'Universit&agrave; di California a Berkeley, confrontando lo spessore corticale dei ratti maschi e quello delle femmine, ha trovato che la corteccia destra &egrave; pi&ugrave; spesso nei maschi nella maggior parte dell'et&agrave;, mentre la corteccia sinistra &egrave; pi&ugrave; spesso nelle femmine, ma solo a alcune et&agrave; (vedi \"Una storia d'amore con il cervello,\"<em>Psychology Today<\/em>, novembre 1984). [...] Sembra inevitabile il fatto che gli uomini e le donne si differiscano geneticamente, fisiologicamente e in molti aspetti importanti anche psicologicamente<a title=\" Male Brain, Female Brain: The Hidden Difference, Psychology Today Nov, 1985\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/458\/#_ftn24214\">[3]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La ricerca psicologica moderna continua a svelare le differenze tra gli uomini e le donne, dai pi&ugrave; noti aspetti comportamentali a quelli pi&ugrave; banali come la considerazione di una faccia arrabbiata in mezzo ad una folla. Alla luce di tali differenze evidenti tra i due sessi, non &egrave; opportuno per gli uomini e le donne assumere ruoli identici. Cos&igrave; &egrave; accennato in un articolo del New York Times sulla salute delle donne:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">In contrasto con l'ottica femminista che le donne possano fare qualsiasi cosa facciano gli uomini, la scienza sta dimostrando che le donne sono in grado di compiere alcune cose in modo migliore, e che vantano di molte caratteristiche biologiche e cognitive, a differenza degli uomini. D'altra parte per&ograve;, ci sono alcune cose che le donne non sono in grado di compiere<a title=\" The New York Times. (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/specials\/women\/nyt98\/21saga.html)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/458\/#_ftn24215\">[4]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dio ci ha creati con differenti capacit&agrave; e punti di forza ma allo stesso tempo complementari. Un uomo, perci&ograve;, non ha bisogno di diventare una donna o viceversa, col fine di avere successo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Nota:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref24212\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Performance Moderator Functions for Human Behavior Modeling in Military Simulations (ADDENDUM) Adrenaline &ndash; Khat &ndash; Exertion, Chang Y Chung, Dr. Barry G. Silverman, Jason Cornwell. (http:\/\/64.233.167.104\/search?q=cache:OYtYvD7FS3QJ:www.seas.upenn.edu\/%7Ebarryg\/PMF_Addendum1.doc)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref24213\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Men and Women Really Do Think Differently<\/em>, Bjorn Carey, LiveScience. (http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/humanbiology\/050120_brain_sex.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref24214\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;Male Brain, Female Brain: The Hidden Difference,&nbsp;<em>Psychology Today<\/em>&nbsp;Nov, 1985<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/458\/#_ftnref24215\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>The New York Times<\/em>. (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/specials\/women\/nyt98\/21saga.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>(2 di 2): La sostanziale parit&agrave; tra uomo e donna<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">L&rsquo;Islam dichiara che uomini e donne, nonostante abbiano alcune differenze fisiche, godono di assoluta uguaglianza spiritualmente davanti a Dio. Il Corano e la Sunnah sono inequivocabili nel ribadire che il genere del fedele non ha assolutamente influenza alcuna sulla la ricompensa o punizione nella prossima vita.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Invero non trascurer&ograve; alcun&rsquo;opera di qualunque operante di voi, maschio o femmina che sia. Ciascuno di voi appartiene all&rsquo;altro&hellip;&rdquo; (Quraan 3:195).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo; E chi compie delle opere buone, maschio o femmina che sia, ed &egrave; fedele, allora questi entreranno in Paradiso e non subiranno ingiustizia alcuna, nemmeno di dimensione di un filo di dattero&hellip;&rdquo; (Quraan 4:124).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo; E chi ha compiuto il bene, maschio o femmina che sia, ed &egrave; fedele, allora gli faremo vivere certamente una buona vita e lo ricompenseremo di certo con una ricompensa pertinente al meglio di ci&ograve; che ha compiuto&rdquo; (Quraan 16:97).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo; Chi ha compiuto un&rsquo;opera malvagia non sar&agrave; ricompensato se non in misura corrispondente, chi invece ha compiuto il bene, maschio o femmina che sia, ed &egrave; fedele, allora questi entrano in Paradiso e riceveranno opulenza senza conto&rdquo;(Quraan 40:40).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Invero i musulmani e le musulmane, i fedeli e le fedeli, gli ubbidienti e le ubbidienti, i veritieri e le veritiere, i perseveranti e le perseveranti, i riverenti e le riverenti, quelli che fanno l&rsquo;elemosina e quelle che fanno l&rsquo;elemosina, i digiunatori e le digiunatrici, i casti e le caste, e quelli che spesso menzionano Allah e quelle che spesso Lo menzionano: ha disposto Allah per questi perdono e eccellente ricompensa&rdquo; (Quraan 33:35).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;O gente! Invero vi abbiamo creato da maschio e femmina e vi abbiamo reso popoli e trib&ugrave; affinch&eacute; vi conosciate. Invero il pi&ugrave; nobile di voi &egrave; colui che rende tra se e il castigo divino protezione. Invero Allah &egrave; onnisciente, sapiente di ogni minuzia&rdquo;(Quraan 49:13).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Pertanto, l&rsquo;Islam dichiara chiaramente che gli uomini e le donne hanno uno uguale status e valore dinanzi a Dio, e che solo la devozione differenzia un individuo da un altro.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Riguardo gli aspetti giuridici e pratici, le regole generali sono le stesse per uomini e donne. Entrambi hanno gli stessi atti di culto, la stessa etica islamica e gli stessi precetti comportamentali, cos&igrave; come sono soggetti alle stesse sanzioni penali. Tuttavia ci sono anche numerosi casi in cui le sentenze si differenziano. Le donne, infatti, sono esentate dal digiuno e dal compimento della preghiera durante il loro ciclo mestruale. Gli uomini non possono indossare l&rsquo;oro e la seta, mentre ci&ograve; &egrave; consentito alle donne, a causa della loro natura incline particolarmente al bisogno di abbellirsi. La preghiera del venerd&igrave; &egrave; obbligatoria per gli uomini mentre &egrave; facoltativa per le donne. Gli uomini hanno l&rsquo;obbligo di mantenere la famiglia mentre il denaro proprio della donna rimane personale e ha libera scelta di come spenderlo. Vi sono altrettanto differenze nei requisiti riguardanti l&rsquo;abbigliamento, poich&eacute; l&rsquo;aspetto fisico degli uomini e delle donne &egrave; distinto. Tutto ci&ograve; non riflette altro che le naturali differenze tra gli uomini e le donne. Altrettanto in altre questioni giurisprudenziali minori, l&rsquo;Islam tratta gli uomini e le donne in base alle loro differenze intrinseche per raggiungere una sostanziale parit&agrave;, propensa alla giustizia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">In conclusione, l&rsquo;Islam afferma l&rsquo;uguaglianza assoluta spirituale tra gli uomini e le donne, e assegna a ciascuno una posizione identica davanti a Dio. Nelle questioni giurisprudenziali, l&rsquo;islam promuove la parit&agrave; sostanziale tra uomini e donne, individuando le capacit&agrave; e i punti di forza di ciascuno e quindi identificando di conseguenza norme per tutelare i diritti di entrambi i sessi.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":11309,"lft":6392,"rght":6393,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-18T18:53:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-09T07:12:09.000000Z","language_id":10,"user_id":13,"author_id":3431,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":3265,"author_name":"Ansar Al-Adl","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-12-18","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/it-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/it-Concept of Gender Equality in Islam.docx"}],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431?articles_page=1","from":1,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431?articles_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"&laquo; Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431?articles_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next &raquo;","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":9,"total":9},"fatawas":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431?fatawas_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431?fatawas_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"&laquo; Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431?fatawas_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next &raquo;","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/bal\/api\/authors\/3431","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"books_total":0,"videos_total":0,"audios_total":0,"fatawas_total":0,"articles_total":9,"q":"","count":9}