{"page_title":"IslamLand","authors":[{"id":2,"name":"Dr. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Abd Al-Karim Ash-Sheha","slug":"ash_sheha","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":null,"promote":1,"status":1,"created_at":"2013-12-02T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-11-10T08:42:34.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"Dr. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Abd Al-Karim Ash-Sheha"},{"id":3,"name":"Ahmed Al-Amir","slug":"ahmed_al_amir","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":null,"promote":1,"status":1,"created_at":"2013-12-02T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-01-04T22:45:01.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"Ahmed Al-Amir"},{"id":37,"name":"Zakir Naik","slug":"zakir_naik","image":"\/uploads\/avatars\/2017\/12\/non-profile-vlXp.jpg","role":"Author","about":"

DR ZAKIR NAIK - PRESIDENT, IRF<\/span><\/strong>
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\r\nA medical doctor by professional training, Dr Zakir Naik is renowned as a dynamic international orator on Islam and Comparative Religion. He is the president of Islamic Research Foundation, Mumbai. He is 49 years old. Dr Zakir clarifies Islamic viewpoints and clears misconceptions about Islam, using the Qur’an, authentic Hadith and other religious Scriptures as a basis, in conjunction with reason, logic and scientific facts. He is popular for his critical analysis and convincing answers to challenging questions posed by audiences after his public talks.
\r\n
\r\nIn the last 18 years (by the year 2014) Dr Zakir Naik has delivered over 2000 public talks in the USA, Canada, UK, Italy, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, Egypt, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Botswana, Nigeria, Ghana, Gambia, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, Thailand, Guyana (South America), Trinidad, Mauritius and many other countries, in addition to numerous public talks in India. In April 2012, his public talk in Kishanganj, Bihar, in India was Alhamdulillah attended by over one million people being one of the largest gathering in the world for any religious lecture by a single Orator.
\r\n
\r\nAmongst the billion plus population of India Dr Zakir Naik was ranked No. 82 in the ‘100 Most Influential People in India’ list published by Indian Express in the year 2009 and ranked No. 89 in 2010. He was ranked No. 3 in the ‘Top 10 Spiritual Gurus of India in 2009’ and topped this list in 2010. He is ranked in the top 70 list of the ‘500 Most Influential Muslims in the World’ published by George Washington University in the year 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014.
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\r\nHe has successfully participated in several symposia and dialogues with prominent personalities of other faiths. His public dialogue with Dr William Campbell (of USA) on the topic “The Qur’an and the Bible in the light of Science” held in Chicago, USA, in April, 2000 was a resounding success. His inter-faith Dialogue with prominent Hindu Guru Sri Sri Ravi Shankar on the topic "The Concept of God in Hinduism and Islam in the light of Sacred Scriptures" held at Palace Grounds, Bangalore, on 21st Jan. 2006, was highly appreciated by people of both the faiths.
\r\n
\r\nShaikh Ahmed Deedat, the world famous orator on Islam and Comparative Religion, who had called Dr. Zakir “Deedat Plus” in 1994, presented a plaque in May 2000 with the engraving “Awarded to Dr. Zakir Abdul-Karim Naik for his achievement in the field of Da’wah and the study of Comparative Religion”. “Son what you have done in 4 years had taken me 40 years to accomplish, Alhamdulillah”.
\r\n
\r\nShaikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President & Prime Minister of UAE and Ruler of Dubai, presented the prestigious Dubai International Holy Quran Award’s ‘Islamic Personality of 2013’ Award on 29th July 2013, for providing outstanding services to Islam and Muslims at a global level in Media, Education and Philanthropy, to Dr Zakir Naik, along with a cash reward of UAE Dirhams 1 million (approx. US $272,000) which he promptly donated to start a Waqf (endowment) fund for Peace TV Network. Dr Zakir at 47 years, was the youngest recipient of the award.
\r\n
\r\nAgong, Tuanku Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah, the king and head of state of Malaysia, conferred Dr Zakir Naik the highest award of Malaysia the ‘Tokoh Ma’al Hijrah Distinguished International Personality Award for the Year 2013’ for his significant service and contribution to the development of Islam on 5th November 2013. Also presented to
\r\nDr Zakir was a citation plaque signed by the Prime Minister of Malaysia Datuk Seri Mohd. Najib Razak.
\r\n
\r\nShaikh Dr. Sultan bin Mohammed Al Qasimi, Member of the Supreme Council of UAE and Ruler of Sharjah, presented Dr Zakir Naik the ‘Sharjah Award for Voluntary Work’ for the year 2013, for his voluntary services for Islam on an international scale, on 16th January 2014 at a special ceremony in Sharjah.
\r\n
\r\nOn Wed. 15th Oct. 2014 Dr Zakir Naik, servant of Allah, was conferred with two prestigious accolades at a special event in Gambia:-
\r\n
\r\nThe Insignia of the Commander of the National Order of the Republic of The Gambia (the highest national award in Gambia) by the President of The Gambia Dr. Yahya Abdul Aziz Jammeh as well as, The Honorary ‘Doctor of Humane Letters’ (Honoris Causa), by the Governing Council of the University of The Gambia (UTG) in recognition of his outstanding contribution and dissemination of knowledge in promoting research and delivery of community services internationally.
\r\n
\r\nDr Zakir Naik Alhamdulillah has more than 6 million likes on his Face Book in less than 18 months which is not only one of the highest amongst the Muslim Religious English Speakers but also one of the highest amongst any Religious English Speaker in the world.
\r\n
\r\nDr Zakir Naik appears regularly on many international TV channels in more than 200 countries of the world. He is regularly invited for TV and Radio interviews. More than a hundred of his talks, dialogues, debates and symposia are available on DVDs. He has authored many books on Islam and Comparative Religion.
\r\n
\r\nThe idealogue and driving force behind Peace TV Network is Dr Zakir Naik. He launched Peace TV English, in January 2006, it being the largest watched ‘Islamic’ as well as ‘any Religious’ Satellite TV channel presently in the world, with over 100 million viewership of which 25% are Non-Muslims. In its footsteps he launched Peace TV Urdu in June 2009 and Peace TV Bangla in April 2011. InshaAllah, he plans to expand Peace TV network to cover the ten major languages of the world.<\/p>","promote":1,"status":1,"created_at":"2013-12-07T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2017-12-20T19:31:56.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/avatars\/2017\/12\/non-profile-vlXp.jpg","get_name":"Zakir Naik"},{"id":39,"name":"\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632","slug":"abd_\u0391l_aziz_bin_abd_allah_bin_baz","image":"\/uploads\/avatars\/2017\/12\/non-profile-pYX1.jpg","role":"Author","about":"

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/div>","promote":1,"status":1,"created_at":"2013-12-07T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2017-12-17T08:42:56.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/avatars\/2017\/12\/non-profile-pYX1.jpg","get_name":"\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632"},{"id":55,"name":"\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062c","slug":"naji_ibrahim_al_arfaj","image":"\/uploads\/avatars\/2017\/12\/non-profile-GtnD.jpg","role":"Author","about":"

\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 ( 1382\u0647\u0640 - 1962\u0645 )<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n


\r\n·  \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 ( \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1406 \u0647\u0640 - 1986 \u0645 ) .<\/span>
\r\n·  \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0646 (Michigan State University) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a (1410 - 1417 \u0647\u0640).<\/span>
\r\n·       \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 -  \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 1430 – 1433\u0647\u0640.<\/span>
\r\n·       \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627 - \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 1422 – 1426 \u0647\u0640.<\/span>
\r\n·       \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 -  \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/span>
\r\n·       \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f  -  \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/span>
\r\n ·       \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a - \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
\r\n·       \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a (www.etawasol.org)<\/span>
\r\n·       \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n·       \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/span>
\r\n -     \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 - \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 ( 1418 \u0647\u0640 ).<\/span>
\r\n-     \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 -  \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 ( 1419 -1421 \u0647\u0640 )<\/span>
\r\n-  \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629  \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 ( 1422 \u0647\u0640 ) \u062d\u062a\u0649 ( 1426 \u0647\u0640 ) \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a .<\/span>
\r\n-      \u0631\u0634\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 ( 1425 \u0647\u0640 ).<\/span>
\r\n-      \u0631\u0634\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 ( 1426 \u0647\u0640).<\/span>
\r\n-     \u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (1428 \u0647\u0640).<\/span>
\r\n-     \u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1330 \u0647\u0640).<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644:<\/span>
\r\n §  \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645  -  \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645  -  \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a- \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 - \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a – \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0629 .<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 -  \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a- \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645). \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 1413\u0647\u0640.<\/span>
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\r\n§       \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0632 - \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
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\r\n§  \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 1426 \u0647\u0640.<\/span>
\r\n§   \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 1426 \u0647\u0640.  \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0632<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
\r\n§        \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 1424 \u0647\u0640. <\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 1427 \u0647\u0640. <\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/span>
\r\n §       \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629  \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 MI-TESOL.<\/span>
\r\n§        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 (TESOL ) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 1428 \u0647\u0640. <\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 ( \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0629 1428 \u0647\u0640. <\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 ( \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0629 ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 1428 \u0647\u0640. <\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 ( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 ) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 1428 \u0647\u0640. <\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 ) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 1429 \u0647\u0640. <\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 2011\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n
\r\n     \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 2004\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a 2006\u0645. \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u062c 2007\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 2009\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 2009\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 2008\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 2009\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 ( \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a) \u0648(\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062b) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 ( \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c).<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 2009\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 2010\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 2011\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 ) \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 2011\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 ( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 ) \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 – \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a 2011\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627.<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span>
\r\n §   \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 25 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 (\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u062c\u064a).<\/span>
\r\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a :<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 (\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
\r\n§   \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 .<\/span>
\r\n§   \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a ( \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0632) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 ) \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0628\u064a - \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a ) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0637\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a : \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 ) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 ( \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 ) \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 .<\/span>
\r\n§  \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 ( \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d ) \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 .<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a ( \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a ) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 14- 16 \/ 6 \/ 1433 \u0647\u0640<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n§  \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 ) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( Reaching Out ) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 ) \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628 ) \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 ) \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 ) \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629) \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 ) \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 ) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\r\n§   \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 .<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 ( \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 ) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 – \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a ( \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629) .<\/span>
\r\n\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645:<\/span>
\r\n ·  \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 ( \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 ) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n·       \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 ( \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u061f ) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n·  \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u061f ) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n·  \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u061f ) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 .<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629:<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 2004- 2007\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 2004\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 2007\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 2009\u0645.<\/span>
\r\n§       \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/span>
\r\n\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \/ \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062c<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span>
\r\n   
\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637<\/span>
\r\n1402 \u0647\u0640 – 1406<\/span>
\r\n1986 -  1982<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n 
\r\n   
\r\n- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 – \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 (English ).<\/span>
\r\n- \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/span>
\r\n( \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a\u0647 ).<\/span>
\r\n- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 - \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 - \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 1986 \u0645 .<\/span>
\r\n- \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/span>
\r\n- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 – \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 - \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644.<\/span>
\r\n1407 – 1409 \u0647\u0640<\/span>
\r\n1989 - 1987 \u0645<\/span>
\r\n   
\r\n- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646. \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\/ \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 (\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647).<\/span>
\r\n- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628.<\/span>
\r\n1410 – 1417 \u0647\u0640<\/span>
\r\n1997 - 1989 \u0645<\/span>
\r\n   
\r\n- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n- \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0643\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 .<\/span>
\r\n- \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0631\u0634\u062d  \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 ).<\/span>
\r\n- \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/span>
\r\n1418 – 1419 \u0647\u0640<\/span>
\r\n1999 - 1998 \u0645<\/span>
\r\n   
\r\n- \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 - \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 .<\/span>
\r\n- \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b ( \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b ) \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
\r\n1420 – 1421 \u0647\u0640<\/span>
\r\n2001 - 2000 \u0645<\/span>
\r\n   
\r\n- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0632 ( \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628.<\/span>
\r\n1422 – 1433 \u0647\u0640<\/span>
\r\n2012 - 2002 \u0645<\/span>
\r\n 
\r\n 
\r\n   
\r\n - \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627.<\/span>
\r\n- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 -  \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 2009<\/span>
\r\n- \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a  2009\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/div>","promote":1,"status":1,"created_at":"2013-12-13T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2017-12-20T19:34:06.000000Z","language_id":2,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/avatars\/2017\/12\/non-profile-GtnD.jpg","get_name":"\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062c"},{"id":57,"name":"\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0628","slug":"ibrahim_abo_harb","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":"\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:\r\nhttp:\/\/www.islam-guide.com \u0648 http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 45 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646.","promote":1,"status":1,"created_at":"2013-12-15T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2013-12-15T09:00:00.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0628"}],"books":[{"id":202,"title":"\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u521d\u8bc6","slug":"\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u521d\u8bc6-1432798897","image":"\/uploads\/books\/538c8ed1-e06c-455d-a70e-7fc6b8adb1fd-The Key to Understanding Islam.jpg","hint":"

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\u8bfb\u5b8c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u653b\u8bfb\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4fbf\u6b23\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\u3002 1977 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25 \u7f8e\u5206\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5e26\u56de\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u7236\u4eb2\u770b\u89c1\u540e\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f46\u5f1f\u5f1f\u5bf9\u90a3\u4ef6\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u6765\u9f99\u53bb\u8109\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u51fa\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002 9 11. 2\u3001\u6211\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u5386 1977 \u5e74\u6211\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6211\u5148\u5b66\u4e60\u82f1\u8bed,\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u6211\u89c1\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u540c\u5b66,\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730,\u4fe1\u5949\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f—\u65af\u96c5\u5e86\u8fd9\u6240\u82f1\u8bed\u5b66\u6821,\u6211\u793e\u53cb\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6c99\u7279\u9752\u5e74,\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u653b\u8bfb\u7855\u58eb,\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u798f\u963f\u5fb7.\u4e00\u5929\u798f\u74e6\u5fb7\u95ee\u6211,\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5728\u5ba4\u5185\u793c\u62dc\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u59a8\u788d\u6211 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\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u4f11\u606f\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u5750\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8c08\u8bba\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898 \uff0c\u6211\u8bb0 \u5f97\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd 10 12. \u5bb6\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u8c08\u8bba\u5404\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u539f\u7406\u548c\u793c\u62dc\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff1a“\u636e\u6211\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u4f5c\u793c\u62dc\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u662f\u4ece\u4f60\u4eec\u7956\u5148\u54ea\u91cc\u56e0\u88ad\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u66fe\u62dc\u592a\u9633\u3001\u661f\u8fb0\uff0c\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u4e00\u4ee3\u53c8\u4e00\u4ee3\u6cbf\u88ad\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u771f\u4e3b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u5185\u5fc3\u5bf9\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u6df1\u4fe1\u963b\u6b62\u6211\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u53db\u6559\u8005\u3002 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70—115\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u7f16\u7e82\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8036\u9165\u5347\u5929\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u65b0\u7ea6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u662f\u9a6c\u53ef\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u8036\u9165\u5347\u5929\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd1\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\uff0c\u9a6c\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u662f\u5927\u7ea6\u516c\u5143 90 \u5e74\u7528\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u7f16\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3\u662f\u5927\u7ea6\u516c\u5143 80 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\uff0c \u6545 \u4f60 \u4eec \u5e94 \u5f53 \u656c \u754f \u771f \u4e3b\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u670d\u4ece\u6211\u3002\u771f\u4e3b\u786e 33 35. 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\u4f60\u4e89\u8bba\u6b64\u4e8b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u53ef 34 36. \u4ee5\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4f60\u4eec\u6765\u5427\uff01\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53ec\u96c6\u6211\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5987\u5973\u548c\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u5987\u5973\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u548c\u4f60\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7948\u7977\u771f\u4e3b\u5f03\u7edd\u8bf4\u8c0e\u7684\u4eba\u3002”\u8fd9\u786e\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6545\u4e8b \u3002\u9664\u771f\u4e3b\u5916\uff0c\u7edd\u65e0\u5e94\u53d7\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u3002\u771f\u4e3b\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u786e\u662f\u81f3\u777f\u7684\u7684\u3002{\u4eea\u59c6\u5170\u7684\u5bb6\u5c5e\u7ae0 42-62 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\u97f3\u558a\u53eb\u5979\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u5fe7 35 37. 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\u5723\u8bad\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u8036\u9165\u5c14\u8428\uff0c\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7—\u613f\u4e3b\u798f\u5b89\u4e4b—\u8bf4\uff1a“\u5728\u4eca\u540e\u4e24\u4e16\u4e2d\u6211\u662f\u6700\u4eb2\u8fd1\u9ea6\u5c14\u5f66\u4e4b\u5b50\u513f\u8428\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f17\u5148\u77e5\u90fd\u662f\u5f1f\u5144\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002”{\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u4f20\u8ff0}\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7—\u613f\u4e3b\u798f\u5b89\u4e4b—\u53c8\u8bf4\uff1a“\u963f\u4e39\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u5b59\u88ab\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6076\u9b54\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u624b\u6307\u523a\u4ed6\u7684\u4e24\u808b\uff0c\u60df\u6709\u9ea6\u5c14\u5f66\u4e4b\u5b50\u5c14\u8428\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u6076\u9b54\u53bb\u523a\u4ed6\u65f6\uff0c\u523a\u5728\u5e37\u5e54\u4e0a\u3002{\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u4f20\u8ff0}\u8fd9\u91cc\u56e0\u4e3a\u771f\u4e3b\u5e94\u7b54\u4e86\u8036\u9165\u7684\u7956\u6bcd-\u4f0a\u59c6\u5170\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u7948\u7977\uff0c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff1a“\u6211\uff08\u4f0a\u59c6\u5170\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\uff09\u786e\u5df2\u628a\u5979\u53eb\u505a\u9ea6\u5c14\u5f66\uff0c\u6c42\u4f60\u4fdd\u4f51\u5979\u548c\u5979\u7684\u540e\u88d4\uff0c\u514d\u53d7\u88ab\u5f03\u7edd\u7684\u6076\u9b54\u7684\u6414\u6270\u3002”{\u4f0a\u59c6\u5170\u7ae0 36 \u8282} \u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8036\u9165\u5c14\u8428\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u8c61\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u4e00\u822c\u7eaf\u6d01\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fe9\u662f\u5c0a\u8d35\u7684\u3001\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u3001\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u771f\u4e3b\u6d3e\u9063\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f7f\u8005\u3002 37 39. 6\u3001\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u662f\u771f\u4e3b\u7684\u4f7f\u8005 \u8036\u7a23\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u4eec\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u56fd\uff0c\u5fc5\u4ece\u4f60\u4eec\u593a\u53bb\uff0c\u8d50\u7ed9\u90a3\u80fd\u7ed3\u679c\u5b50\u7684\u767e\u59d3\u3002”{\u9a6c\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae043 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\u8282}\u4e2d\u8036\u9165\u9884\u8a00\u4e86\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u4f7f\u8005\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a“\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u771f\u60c5\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u4eec\uff1b\u6211\u53bb\u662f\u5bf9\u4f60\u4eec\u6709\u76ca\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u82e5\u4e0d\u53bb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6167\u5e08\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5230\u4f60\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u6765\uff1b\u6211\u82e5\u53bb\uff0c\u5c31\u5dee\u4ed6\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u65e2\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u53eb\u4e16\u4eba\u4e3a\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e3a\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u8d23\u5907\u81ea\u5df1\uff1b\u4e3a\u7f6a\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4fe1\u6211\uff1b\u4e3a\u4e49\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u6211\u5f80\u6587\u90a3\u91cc\u53bb\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u5728\u89c1\u6211\uff0c\u4e3a\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u738b\u53d7\u4e86\u5ba1\u5224\u3002\u6211\u8fd8\u6709\u597d\u4e9b\u4e8b\u8981 \u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u4eec\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u62c5 38 40. 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\u662f \u7c97 \u66b4 \u7684\u3001\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u672b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec 43 45. \u5fc5\u5b9a\u79bb\u4f60\u800c\u5206\u6563\uff1b\u6545\u4f60\u5f53\u6055\u9976\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u5f53\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5411\u4e3b\u6c42\u9976\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5546\u8bae\u516c\u4e8b\uff1b\u4f60\u5373\u51b3\u8ba1\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u5f53\u4fe1\u6258\u771f\u4e3b\u3002\u771f\u4e3b\u7684\u786e\u559c\u7231\u4fe1\u6258\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u3002”{\u4f0a\u59c6\u5170\u7684\u5bb6\u5c5e\u7ae0 159\u8282} 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134 \u8282}\u53c8\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4f60 \u5e94 \u5f53 \u4ee5 \u6700 \u4f18 \u7f8e \u7684 \u54c1 \u884c \u53bb 44 46. \u5bf9\u5f85\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u54c1\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u672b\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f60\u76f8\u4ec7\u8005\uff0c\u5ffd\u7136\u95f4\u4f1a\u53d8\u7684\u4eb2\u5982\u5bc6\u53cb\u3002\u60df\u575a\u5fcd\u8005,\u83b7\u6b64\u7f8e\u5fb7,\u60df\u6709\u5927\u798f\u5206\u8005,\u83b7\u6b64\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002”{\u5c01\u7ee5\u6765\u7279\u7ae0 34-35 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\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\uff0c\u6d3b\u800c 45 47. 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 <\/div>","word":"\/uploads\/books\/54e33add-b0b0-471d-bdfa-2b94b8adb1fd-","pdf":"\/uploads\/books\/zhmyloveforjesus-120301141332-phpapp02.pdf","keywords":null,"read_counter":21181,"status":1,"is_volume":0,"created_at":"2015-02-18T08:37:32.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-10T05:46:58.000000Z","language_id":18,"publisher_id":null,"category_id":2,"volume_id":null,"parent_id":13470,"promote":1,"volume_count":null,"volume_title":null,"order":1,"category":{"id":2,"title":"Muhammad (PBUH)","created_at":"2017-08-17T19:18:15.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-02-12T22:28:43.000000Z","slug":"Muhammad-(PBUH)","i18ns":[],"get_title":"Muhammad (PBUH)"},"authors":[{"id":3668,"name":"\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648","slug":"simon_alfredo_caraballo","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":"","promote":0,"status":1,"created_at":"2015-02-17T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2015-02-17T09:00:00.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"pivot":{"book_id":13475,"author_id":3668},"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648"}],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/books\/54e33add-9df0-48f3-9fd7-2b94b8adb1fd-My Great Love for Jesus Led Me to Islam.jpg","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/books\/zhmyloveforjesus-120301141332-phpapp02.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/books\/54e33add-b0b0-471d-bdfa-2b94b8adb1fd-","author_id":"","author_name":"\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648","book_title":"\u9177\u7231\u8036\u9165\u5f15\u5bfc\u6211\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170","category_slug":"Muhammad-(PBUH)","category_name":"Muhammad (PBUH)"},{"id":19567,"title":"\u4f0a\u65af\u5170 \u2014\u2014\u5bbd\u5bb9\u4e0e\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u5929\u542f\u5f8b\u6cd5","slug":"\u4f0a\u65af\u5170-\u2014\u2014\u5bbd\u5bb9\u4e0e\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u5929\u542f\u5f8b\u6cd5","image":"\/uploads\/books\/images\/2025\/1\/financial-marketing-book-cover-3.png","hint":"

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\r\n

<\/a>\u4f0a\u65af<\/span><\/strong>\u5170<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

——<\/span><\/strong>\u5bbd\u5bb9\u4e0e\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u5929\u542f\u5f8b<\/span><\/strong>\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong> <\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u8c22\u8d6b<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span>·<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span>\u827e\u54c8\u8fc8\u5fb7<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span>·<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span>\u57c3\u7c73\u5c14<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span>  <\/strong><\/u><\/span>\u8457<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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EUROPEAN ISLAMIC RESEARCH CENTER (EIRC)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

WWW.ISLAMLAND.COM<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n

\u76ee<\/span><\/span>  \u5f55<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

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 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

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\u5236\u5b9a“\u5f8b\u6cd5”\u7684\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>........................................................... <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e16\u4fd7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5728\u963b\u6b62\u72af\u7f6a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5931\u8d25<\/span><\/span><\/span>.......................................... <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u5929\u542f“\u5f8b\u6cd5”\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/span>....................................................... <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e16\u4fd7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u68ee\u6797\u6cd5\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/span>........................................................... <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e16\u4fd7\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u52a8\u8361\u4e0e\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................. <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................................................... <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u9ebb\u9189\u54c1<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................................................... <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u6b7b \u5211<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................................................. <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e16\u4fd7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5728\u5904\u7f5a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8349\u7387\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................. <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4ee5\u4eba\u4f5c\u732e\u796d\u7684\u4fe1\u6761<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................................. <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u88ab\u4e16\u4fd7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8ba4\u53ef\u5e76\u6210\u6587\u7684\u7f6a\u6076<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u6cd5\u5ea6\u53ca\u5176\u5b97\u65e8<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5<\/span><\/span><\/span>....................................................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u5b97\u65e8<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................................. <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6cd5\u5ea6<\/span><\/span><\/span>....................................................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u8c01\u4e3b\u6301\u6cd5\u5ea6<\/span><\/span><\/span>....................................................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u53d6\u6d88\u6cd5\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u6267\u884c\u6cd5\u5ea6\u7684\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“\u6cd5\u5ea6\u6b8b\u5fcd”\u7684\u8bef\u5bfc<\/span><\/span><\/span>.......................................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u5bf9\u6b64\u8bef\u5bfc\u7684\u56de\u5e94<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5728\u975e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd<\/span><\/span><\/span>...................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e09\u3001\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................. <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u60e9\u5904\uff0c\u53ea\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u780d\u624b\u4e0e\u76d1\u7981<\/span><\/span><\/span>....................................................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u780d\u624b\uff08\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u780d\u624b\u638c\uff09\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u65bd<\/span><\/span><\/span>...................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u780d\u624b\uff08\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u780d\u624b\u638c\uff09\u7684\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u8bef\u89e3\u4e00<\/span><\/span><\/span>.............................................................................. <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u600e\u6837\u780d\u624b<\/span><\/span><\/span>.....................................................................<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u8bef\u89e3\u4e8c<\/span><\/span><\/span>....................................................................<\/span><\/span><\/span>...<\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u5bf9\u6b64\u8bef\u89e3\u7684\u56de\u7b54<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u5173\u4e8e\u5077\u7a83\u7684\u60e9\u5904<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u634d\u536b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d<\/span><\/span><\/span>......................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684“\u81ea\u536b”<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e16\u4fd7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u91cc\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684“\u81ea\u536b”<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u56db\u3001\u591a\u59bb<\/span><\/span><\/span>.................................................................................. <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e16\u4fd7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5141\u8bb8“\u591a\u60c5\u4eba”<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u59bb\u5b50\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u60c5\u4eba\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/span><\/span><\/span>......................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e16\u4fd7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5141\u8bb8\u6362\u59bb<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................................. <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684“\u591a\u59bb”<\/span><\/span><\/span>...................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u59bb<\/span><\/span><\/span>.......................................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

   \u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u89c4\u5b9a“\u591a\u59bb”\u7684\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/span><\/span>.......................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e94\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................................. <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7ed9“\u6c11\u4e3b”\u7684\u5b9a\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/span><\/span>...................................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5bf9“\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531”\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span>...................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u516d\u3001\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9053\u594b\u6597<\/span><\/span><\/span>........................................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6765\u4e34\u524d\u5168\u7403\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4eba\u6c11\u987b\u4fe1\u5949\u5e1d\u738b\u6240\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u5b97\u6559<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f92\u63e1\u6709\u5251\u950b<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................................. <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“\u594b\u6597”\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/span><\/span>.......................................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684“\u594b\u6597”\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u72ed\u4e49\u7684“\u594b\u6597”<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u72ed\u4e49\u7684“\u594b\u6597”\u5206\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“\u594b\u6597”\u7684\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9053“\u594b\u6597”\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span><\/span><\/span>...................................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u90fd\u662f“\u594b\u6597”\u5417<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u5723 \u6218<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“\u6218\u4e89”\u4e0e“\u594b\u6597”\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e03\u3001\u4f0a\u65af\u5170<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u53cd<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5bf9\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u6781\u7aef\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/span><\/span>.......................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u51fa\u5bb6\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e0d\u51c6\u79bb\u5a5a<\/span><\/span><\/span>......................................................................... <\/span><\/span>...<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u780d \u5934<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................................................... <\/span><\/span>...<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u53cd\u5bf9\u5974\u96b6\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................................. <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/span>.......................................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u53cd\u5bf9“\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49”<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5141\u8bb8\u4eab\u53d7\u4eca\u4e16\u7684\u6069\u5178<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u6559\u6cd5\u8bb8\u53ef\u7684\u5a31\u4e50<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u516b\u3001\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e4b\u8303\u4f8b<\/span><\/span><\/span>................................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u300a\u65e7\u7ea6\u300b\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684“\u5723\u7ecf”\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/span>........................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u5bf9“\u780d\u624b”\u7684\u5224\u5904<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u5bf9“\u5978\u6deb”\u7684\u5224\u5904<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u5bf9“\u6b7b\u5211”\u7684\u5224\u5904<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u5bf9“\u53db\u6559”\u7684\u5224\u5904<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u5bf9“\u731c\u5992”\u7684\u5224\u5904<\/span><\/span><\/span>............................................ <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u540e \u8bb0<\/span><\/span><\/span>....................................................................................... <\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n

<\/a><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u524d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>  <\/strong>\u8a00<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u5949\u81f3\u4ec1\u81f3\u6148\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u4e4b\u540d<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e00\u5207\u8d5e\u9882\u5168\u5f52\u5b89\u62c9\uff0c\u613f\u4ed6\u7684\u6148\u60af\u4e0e\u5e73\u5b89\u964d\u4e34\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\uff0c\u964d\u4e34\u4e8e\u5176\u540e\u88d4\u53ca\u5176\u4f19\u4f34\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u5b89\u62c9\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5e7f\u88a4\u6d69\u701a\u7684\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u4ed6\u4eec\u80cc\u79bb\u964d\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5929\u7ecf\u6240\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4ea7\u751f\u7d0a\u4e71\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u76ee\u5171\u7779\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u89e6\u72af\u4e86\u7981\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u56de\u907f\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u987a\u5e94\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u559c\u597d\u4e0e\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f1a\u94fa\u5929\u76d6\u5730\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u524d\u4eba\u6240\u4e0d\u66fe\u6709\u8fc7\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u4fbf\u4f1a\u8513\u5ef6\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u6bc1\u574f\u5b50\u55e3\u4e0e\u5e84\u7a3c\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u8bf8\u591a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u7b49\u5927\u96be\u9898\u3002\u7167\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u53ea\u6015\u5730\u7403\u8981\u53d8\u6210\u4eba\u7c7b\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u7403\u3002\u8fd9\u90fd\u662f\u4e16\u4eba\u73a9\u5f04\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u641e\u6838\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3001\u6d88\u8017\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bfb\u6c42\u7269\u8d28\u4eab\u53d7\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u559c\u597d\u3001\u6ee1\u8db3\u6b32\u671b\u800c\u5f00\u529e\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u5927\u5927\u8d85\u51fa\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u91cf\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5728\u6467\u6b8b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u540c\u80de\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u5403\u9971\uff0c\u5374\u8ba9\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u540c\u80de\u627f\u53d7\u9965\u997f\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u7a7f\u7740\u534e\u4e3d\uff0c\u5374\u8ba9\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u540c\u80de\u627f\u53d7\u8863\u4e0d\u853d\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u4eab\u53d7\u7740\u7f8e\u597d\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u786e\u8ba9\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u540c\u80de\u60e8\u906d\u6740\u622e\u3002\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u9646\u5730\u4e0e\u6d77\u6d0b\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c1d\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6076\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ed6\u4eec\u6094\u8fc7\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\uff08\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u7ae0<\/span>41<\/span>\u8282\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u5411\u4e16\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e86\u9610\u660e\uff0c“\u4ed6\u4eec”\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u5f92\u7136\u7684\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u4efb\u4e0d\u7ba1\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u96be\u9053\u4f60\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6211\u4f1a\u5f92\u7136\u5730\u521b\u9020\u4f60\u4eec\u5417\uff1f\u96be\u9053\u4f60\u4eec\u4e0d\u88ab\u5e26\u56de\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u5417\uff1f\u8d5e\u9882\u6267\u6743\u7684\u3001\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u8d85\u7edd\uff0c\u9664\u4ed6\u5916\u7edd\u65e0\u5e94\u53d7\u5d07\u62dc\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u9ad8\u8d35\u7684“\u963f\u52d2\u53f2”\u4e4b\u4e3b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\uff08<\/span>\u4fe1\u58eb\u7ae0<\/span>115-116<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4ed6\u8fd8\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u521b\u9020\u4e16\u4eba\u7684\u54f2\u7406\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5927\u5730\u4e0a\u4ee3\u4ee3\u76f8\u4f20\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u53ea\u5d07\u62dc\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u5339\u914d\u4e8e\u4ed6\u3002\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e16\u4eba\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u8003\u9a8c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7f62\u4e86\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u4ed6\u4eec\u8c01\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6700\u4f18\u8d8a\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u6211\u521b\u9020\u7cbe\u7075\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5d07\u62dc\u6211\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e88\u6211\u4f9b\u7ed9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e88\u6211\u996e\u98df\u3002\u7684\u786e\u5b89\u62c9\u662f\u6069\u8d4f\u4e4b\u4e3b\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u529b\u4e4b\u4e3b\uff0c\u662f\u575a\u5b9a\u4e4b\u4e3b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\uff08\u64ad\u79cd\u8005\u7ae0<\/span>56-58<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u79bb\u5f00\u5b83\u4fbf\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b58\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u5f52\u4fe1\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u554a\uff01\u4f60\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5403\u6211\u6240\u8d4f\u8d50\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u4f73\u7f8e\u98df\u54c1\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u611f\u8c22\u5b89\u62c9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4eec\u662f\u5d07\u62dc\u4ed6\u7684\u8bdd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\uff08\u9ec4\u725b\u7ae0<\/span>172<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4ed6\u4e5f\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u79bb\u5f00\u5b83\u4fbf\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b58\u6d3b\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f——\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4fbf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b89\u7a33\uff1b\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4fbf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b89\u9038\uff1b\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u517b\u4e3b\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u8df5\u884c\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4fbf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5e73\u9759\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u5f52\u4fe1\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u56e0\u8bb0\u5ff5\u5b89\u62c9\u800c\u5b89\u7a33\u3002\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u5fc3\u53ea\u56e0\u8bb0\u5ff5\u5b89\u62c9\u800c\u5b89\u7a33\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\uff08\u96f7\u9706\u7ae0<\/span>28<\/span>\u8282\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u4eec\u5d07\u62dc\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6d3e\u53bb\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4eba\u4eec\u8ddf\u968f\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1b\u4ed6\u7ed9\u4f7f\u8005\u4eec\u964d\u793a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u5178\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u6b63\u9053\uff0c\u8ba9\u5929\u542f\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6307\u8def\u660e\u706f\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u53bb\u83b7\u5f97\u5e78\u798f\u3001\u907f\u9664\u707e\u7978\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u597d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e4b\u800c\u88ab\u521b\u9020\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e16\u4eba\u539f\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u6d3e\u9063\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u62a5\u559c\u8baf\u3001\u4f20\u8b66\u544a\u7684\u5148\u77e5\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u4f7f\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u964d\u793a\u4e86\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5929\u7ecf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec\u5224\u51b3\u6240\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u66fe\u83b7\u5929\u7ecf\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u660e\u8bc1\u6765\u4e34\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u540e\u56e0\u76f8\u4e92\u5ac9\u5992\u800c\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u51ed\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u65e8\u800c\u5f15\u5bfc\u5f52\u4fe1\u7684\u4eba\u53bb\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u5f15\u5bfc\u4ed6\u6240\u610f\u6b32\u7684\u4eba\u8d70\u4e0a\u5eb7\u5e84\u5927\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\uff08\u9ec4\u725b\u7ae0<\/span>213<\/span>\u8282\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f7f\u8005\u662f\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\uff08\u6c42\u4e3b\u8d50\u798f\u3001\u8d50\u5b89\u4e8e\u4ed6\uff09\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u800c\u7ec8\u6781\u4e86\u4f17\u4f7f\u8005\uff0c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e86\u6559\u95e8\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5e26\u6765\u7b26\u5408\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\u3001\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6027\u7684\u5929\u542f\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u4e16\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e16\u4eba\u5f97\u5230\u4e24\u4e16\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u3002\u9075\u5b88\u5b83\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u629b\u5f03\u5b83\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u5b9a\u60b2\u60e8\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u5f15\u9886\u4eba\u8d70\u6700\u7aef\u6b63\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u5b83\u7ed9\u5e72\u5584\u529f\u7684\u4fe1\u58eb\u62a5\u559c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u83b7\u5f97\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u62a5\u916c\u3002\u4e0d\u5f52\u4fe1\u540e\u4e16\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u9884\u5907\u4e86\u75bc\u75db\u7684\u5211\u6cd5\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7948\u7978\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u4ed6\u7948\u798f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4eba\u786e\u662f\u6025\u8e81\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\uff08\u591c\u884c\u7ae0<\/span>9-11<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u53d7\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4eba——\u6bcf\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u533a\u57df\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\uff1b\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5f15\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7eb2\u9886\u548c\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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\uff08\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7ae0<\/span>38<\/span>\u8282\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

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\r\n <\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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<\/a>“\u5f8b\u6cd5”\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“\u5f8b\u6cd5”\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed“<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/span>”\uff0c\u5b83\u6709“\u6cd5\u5f8b”\u3001“\u9053\u8def”\u3001“\u7eb2\u9886”\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5982“\u68ee\u6797\u6cd5\u5219”\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5f3a\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff1b“\u6559\u5802\u6cd5\u89c4”\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6559\u5802\u89c6\u5176\u72b6\u51b5\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff1b“\u6c49\u8c1f\u62c9\u6bd4\u6cd5\u5178”\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u53e4\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u56fd\u738b“\u6c49\u8c1f\u62c9\u6bd4”\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff1b“\u6cd5\u8001\u6cd5\u5178”\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u56fd\u738b“\u6cd5\u8001”\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e8b\u52a1\u800c\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3002“<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/span>”\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3001\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u8fde\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5b89\u62c9\u4e3a\u4e16\u4eba\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u5224\u5f8b\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u89c4\u8303\u4e16\u4eba\u7684\u73b0\u4e16\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5f15\u9886\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e72\u5584\u529f\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u540e\u4e16\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bb2\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u964d\u793a\u7ed9\u7a46\u8428\u5148\u77e5\u4e0e\u5c14\u8428\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u3001\u672a\u906d\u7be1\u6539\u7684“\u539f\u672c\u5f8b\u6cd5”\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u4fdd\u62a4\u800c\u672a\u906d\u7be1\u6539\u4e0e\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u6211\u964d\u793a\u4f60\u8fd9\u90e8\u5305\u542b\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5929\u7ecf\uff0c\u5e76\u76d1\u62a4\u4e4b\u3002\u4f60\u5e94\u5f53\u4f9d\u5b89\u62c9\u6240\u964d\u793a\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u800c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u820d\u5f03\u964d\u4e34\u4f60\u7684\u771f\u7406\u800c\u987a\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u79c1\u6b32\u3002\u6211\u5df2\u4e3a\u4f60\u4eec\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u79cd\u6559\u5f8b\u548c\u6cd5\u7a0b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b89\u62c9\u610f\u6b32\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u4f7f\u4f60\u4eec\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u628a\u4f60\u4eec\u5206\u6210\u8bb8\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ed6\u8003\u9a8c\u4f60\u4eec\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u9075\u5b88\u4ed6\u6240\u8d50\u4e88\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u6559\u5f8b\u548c\u6cd5\u7a0b\u3002\u4f60\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u4e89\u5148\u884c\u5584\u3002\u4f60\u4eec\u5168\u4f53\u90fd\u8981\u5f52\u4e8e\u5b89\u62c9\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u628a\u4f60\u4eec\u6240\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u975e\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u4eec\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\uff08\u7b75\u5e2d\u7ae0<\/span>48<\/span>\u8282\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9“\u5f8b\u6cd5”\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u8bef\u5bfc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 “<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/span>”\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u5f53\u628a\u5b83\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u5176\u5b83\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u8868\u8fbe“\u5f8b\u6cd5”\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5176\u771f\u5b9e\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u897f\u65b9\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c\u7aed\u5c3d\u6240\u80fd\u5730\u653b\u51fb\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u6b6a\u66f2 “<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/span>”\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u672c\u610f\u800c\u8bef\u5bfc\u4e16\u4eba\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u8fdc\u79bb\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u628a\u5b83\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u6240\u8bd1\u4e4b\u8bed\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd——“\u6cd5\u5f8b”\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u8bd1\u97f3\uff0c\u7167\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u7684\u97f3\u53bb\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b83\uff0c\u5982\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u6587\u7684“<\/span>SHARIA<\/span>”\u3001\u6c49\u8bed\u7684“\u6c99\u5229\u4e9a”\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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1f\u6d3b\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u4e9a\u6d32\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u7b49\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5f15\u9886\u7740\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u9886\u57df——\u79d1\u6280\u9886\u57df\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u5148\u8f88\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7167\u4eae\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a“\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa”\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u79f0\u4e3a“\u9ed1\u6697\u4e16\u7eaa”\uff0c\u81ea\u516c\u5143<\/span>400<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>1400<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u57cb\u6ca1\u5728\u843d\u540e\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u79d1\u6280\u8fd8\u662f\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u6559\u5802\u8fd8\u5728\u6253\u538b\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7231\u5fb7\u534e·\u5409\u672c\u7684\u81f3\u7406\u540d\u8a00\uff0c\u8bf4\u51fa\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u91ce\u86ee\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u83b7\u80dc\u7684\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>\u5236\u5b9a“\u5f8b\u6cd5”\u7684\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u4fee\u8ba2\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u89c4\u8303\u4e16\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u660e\u786e“\u4e2a\u4eba”\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u5bf9\u522b\u4eba\u3001\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u660e\u786e“\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531”\u53ca\u5176\u9650\u5ea6\uff0c“\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531”\u4e0d\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u89e6\u53ca\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u505c\u6b62\u3001\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c“\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531”\u4e0d\u5f97\u89e6\u72af\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u90a3\u5c31\u6210\u4e86“\u4fb5\u72af”\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u90fd\u7ed9“\u89e6\u72af\u522b\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u8005”\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u5904\u7f5a\u3001\u60e9\u6212\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u6761\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u90e8\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u662f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u521a\u521a\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u60e9\u5904\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f24\u5bb3\u72af\u9519\u8005\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

1.<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6539\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u4e9b\u8865\u507f\u7684\u60e9\u5904\u6761\u6587\u4e2d\u5199\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u7ed9\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u8865\u507f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

2.<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7ea0\u6b63\u72af\u9519\u8005\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6559\u80b2\u4ed6\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

3.<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5236\u6b62\u72af\u9519\u8005\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u514d\u4ed6\u518d\u72af\u9519\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u518d\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u8ba9\u91cd\u8e48\u8986\u8f99\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

4.<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5236\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eba\u6548\u4eff\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5f53\u522b\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u72af\u9519\u8005\u53d7\u5230\u60e9\u5904\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6a21\u4eff\u4ed6\u53bb\u72af\u9519\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>\u4e16\u4fd7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5728\u963b\u6b62\u72af\u7f6a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5931\u8d25<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>\u5929\u542f“\u5f8b\u6cd5”\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4f7f\u4f60\u9075\u5faa\u5173\u4e8e\u6b64\u4e8b\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3002\u4f60\u5e94\u5f53\u9075\u5b88\u5b83\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u987a\u4ece\u65e0\u77e5\u8005\u7684\u79c1\u6b32\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\uff08\u5c48\u819d\u7ae0<\/span>18<\/span>\u8282\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u60e9\u5904\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u5176\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u52a0\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u8f7b\u91cd\uff0c\u89c6\u5176\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ca\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u800c\u8bba\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c48\u670d\u6216\u504f\u5411\u67d0\u79cd\u79c1\u6b32\u4e0e\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u60e9\u7f5a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u53d7\u60e9\u7f5a\u8005\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u54c1\u7ea7\u3001\u6743\u52bf\u800c\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u5176\u5bcc\u6709\u800c\u53d6\u6d88\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u5c55\u73b0\u5728\u4f7f\u8005\uff08\u6c42\u4e3b\u8d50\u798f\u3001\u8d50\u5b89\u4e8e\u4ed6\uff09\u7684\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4f60\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4eba\u906d\u5230\u6bc1\u706d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u5077\u76d7\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u653e\u5f03\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u8f6f\u5f31\u8005\u5077\u76d7\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6267\u884c\u6cd5\u5ea6\u3002\u4ee5\u5b89\u62c9\u8d77\u8a93\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u4e4b\u5973\u6cd5\u56fe\u9ea6\u5077\u76d7\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u8981\u780d\u6389\u5979\u7684\u624b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\uff08\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u8f91\u5f55\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u4e16\u4fd7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u68ee\u6797\u6cd5\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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\u96be\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u6c42\u8499\u6627\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5417\ufe56\u5728\u786e\u4fe1\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6709\u8c01\u6bd4\u5b89\u62c9\u66f4\u5584\u4e8e\u5224\u51b3\u5462\ufe56<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\uff08\u7b75\u5e2d\u7ae0<\/span>50<\/span>\u8282\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>\u4e16\u4fd7\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u52a8\u8361\u4e0e\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u5bf9\u5236\u5b9a\u4e16\u4fd7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u4fee\u8ba2\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4e16\u4fd7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u88ab\u8feb\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7ecf\u5e38\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u90e8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8fd8\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5b83\u6700\u65e9\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u539f\u72b6\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7f6a\u6076\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u53d8\u6210\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4e86\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u98a0\u5012\u8fc7\u6765\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd<\/span>1850<\/span>\u5e74\u4e0e<\/span>1920<\/span>\u5e74\u5173\u4e8e\u5973\u4eba\u6e38\u6cf3\u8863\u7684\u6982\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u906e\u853d\u6574\u4e2a\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u7a7f\u7740\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u6240\u7a7f\u7684\u6e38\u6cf3\u8863\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u8981\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u5e76\u53d7\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u56e0\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u56e0\u5730\u57df\u800c\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6b27\u76df\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u5176\u8054\u76df\u7684\u522b\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u6240\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u90fd\u6709\u5730\u57df\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5dde\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u533a\u522b\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u670d\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7684\u559c\u597d\u4e0e\u79c1\u6b32\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6709\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u5b83\u662f\u501f\u52a9\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5e2e\u5fd9\u800c\u7ed3\u675f\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \r\n\t
  1. \u81ea\u613f\u7684\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u5b83\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u610f\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  2. \u975e\u81ea\u613f\u7684\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u610f\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5982\u8377\u5170\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u6839\u636e“\u683c\u7f57\u5b81\u6839\u534f\u8bae”\u800c\u5bf9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5b9e\u65bd\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  3. \u5f3a\u5236\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u5c31\u662f\u8fdd\u80cc\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u613f\u800c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n

    \u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u652f\u6301\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u53cd\u5bf9\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b9e\u65bd\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u53c8\u628a\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u5b9a\u4e3a\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u6709\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e3a\u9884\u8c0b\u6740\u4eba\u7f6a\uff0c\u5982\u5948\u6770\u5c14<\/span>. <\/span>\u8003\u514b\u65af\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u5973\u75c5\u4eba\u4e3d\u91cc\u592e·\u5e03\u8036\u5179\u6ce8\u5c04\u6709\u6bd2\u6c2f\u5316\u94be\u9488\u6c34\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5979\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u505c\u6b62\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u8f7b\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u98ce\u6e7f\u6027\u75bc\u75db\u3002\u4ed6\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u4e00\u5e74\u76d1\u7981\u5e76\u7ec8\u6b62\u5176\u884c\u533b\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u4ed6\u53c8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u884c\u533b\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u9ebb\u9189\u54c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u3001\u9650\u91cf\u7684\u51fa\u552e\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u9ebb\u9189\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u575a\u51b3\u675c\u7edd\u51fa\u552e\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u9ebb\u9189\u54c1\u3002\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u672c\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u51fa\u552e\u9ebb\u9189\u54c1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u7981\u6b62\u5916\u56fd\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f7f\u7528\u9ebb\u9189\u54c1\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u675c\u7edd\u9ebb\u9189\u54c1\u5728\u672c\u56fd\u6cdb\u6ee5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u8bae\u4ee4\u8bb8\u591a\u51fa\u552e\u9ebb\u9189\u54c1\u7684\u5496\u5561\u5385\u8001\u677f\u6240\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u627c\u6740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u610f\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6536\u5165\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u6b7b \u5211<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5dde\u7981\u6b62\u6b7b\u5211\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u53c8\u7ed9“\u6b7b\u5211”\u7acb\u6cd5\u5e76\u52a0\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u786e\u5207\u6807\u51c6\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\uff1f\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6e05\u767d\uff1f\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u771f\u7406\uff1f\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8c2c\u8bba\uff1f\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u806a\u6167\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u8d5e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u771f\u7406\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e0e\u5730\u57df\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4e0e\u5584\u884c\u3001\u52a3\u884c\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e0e\u5730\u57df\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u3002\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a\u52a3\u884c\uff0c\u52a3\u884c\u4e5f\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff01<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n

    <\/a>\u4e16\u4fd7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5728\u5904\u7f5a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8349\u7387\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    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    \u7684\u786e\u5b89\u62c9\u89c4\u5b9a\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u8981\u505a\u5230\u5c3d\u5584\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5bf9\u6740\u622e\u8981\u505a\u5230\u5c3d\u5584\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u4eec\u5bb0\u7272\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u8981\u5c3d\u5584\u5730\u5bb0\uff0c\u8ba9\u5bb0\u7684\u4eba\u78e8\u5feb\u5200\u5203\uff0c\u4f7f\u88ab\u5bb0\u4e4b\u7269\u75db\u5feb\u4e00\u70b9<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \uff08\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8f91\u5f55\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n

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    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f1f\u5927\u5b89\u62c9\u5bf9\u82b8\u82b8\u4f17\u751f\u7684\u601c\u60af\uff0c\u4ed6\u964d\u793a\u5929\u542f\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u62b5\u5236\u90a3\u4e9b\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8df5\u8e0f\u4eba\u3001\u727a\u7272\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u611a\u6627\u4fe1\u6761\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u66fe\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5730\u533a\u88ab\u5b9e\u65bd\uff01\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u4f60\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4f60\u4eec\u6765\u5427\uff0c\u6211\u7ed9\u4f60\u4eec\u5ba3\u8bfb\u4e3b\u6240\u7981\u6212\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a\u4f60\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u4ee5\u7269\u914d\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5b5d\u656c\u7236\u6bcd\uff1b\u4f60\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d2b\u7a77\u800c\u6740\u5bb3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u513f\u5973\uff0c\u6211\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4f60\u4eec\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1b\u4f60\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u4e34\u8fd1\u660e\u663e\u7684\u548c\u9690\u5fae\u7684\u4e11\u4e8b\uff1b\u4f60\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u8fdd\u80cc\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\u800c\u6740\u4eba\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b63\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5631\u5490\u4f60\u4eec\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f60\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \uff08\u7272\u755c\u7ae0<\/span>151<\/span>\u8282\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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    \uff08\u4f17\u5148\u77e5\u7ae0<\/span>107<\/span>\u8282\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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     <\/p>\r\n\r\n

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    \u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u542c\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u751f\u5973\u513f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8138\u9eef\u7136\u5931\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6ee1\u8179\u7262\u9a9a\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5669\u8017\u800c\u4e0d\u4e0e\u5b97\u65cf\u4f1a\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u591a\u65b9\u8003\u8651\uff1a\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5fcd\u8fb1\u4fdd\u7559\u5979\u5462\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u628a\u5979\u6d3b\u57cb\u5728\u571f\u91cc\u5462\uff1f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u771f\u6076\u52a3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \uff08<\/span>\u871c\u8702\u7ae0<\/span>58-59<\/span>\u8282\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u8fd9\u79cd\u7f6a\u6076\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u53e4\u8001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6587\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\u6709\u660e\u6587\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6740\u6b7b\u7578\u5f62\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f6a\u6076\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u6587\u660e\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f88\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5206\u5a29\u540e\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u62b1\u7ed9\u5176\u7236\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u559c\u6b22\u4e86\u5c31\u7559\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u5c31\u6740\u6b7b\u3002\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u660e\u4e9a\u7701\u5df4\u54c8\u5948\u8428\u5e02\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u7f57\u9a6c\u66fe\u7ecf\u7edf\u6cbb\u8fc7\u8be5\u5e02\uff09\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b<\/span>\u838e\u8349<\/span><\/a>\u7eb8\u7684\u65ad\u7b80\u6b8b\u7bc7\uff0c\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7f57\u9a6c\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6076\u52a3\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f6a\u884c\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u5f88\u76db\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/span>\u838e\u8349<\/span><\/a>\u7eb8\u7684\u65ad\u7b80\u6b8b\u7bc7\u8fd8\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u4e08\u592b\u5199\u7ed9\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u4fe1\uff0c\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u751f\u4e86\u7537\u5b69\uff0c\u5c31\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5973\u5b69\uff0c\u5c31\u6740\u6b7b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u81f3\u4e8e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5——\u4ec1\u6148\u3001\u601c\u60af\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e25\u5389\u5730\u7981\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5148\u77e5\uff08\u6c42\u4e3b\u8d50\u798f\u3001\u8d50\u5b89\u4e8e\u4ed6\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u7684\u786e\u5b89\u62c9\u4e25\u7981\u4f60\u4eec\u5fe4\u9006\u7236\u6bcd\u3001\u6d3b\u57cb\u5973\u5a74\u3001\u4e0d\u5c3d\u4e49\u52a1\u3001\u730e\u53d6\u4e0d\u4e49\u4e4b\u8d22\uff1b\u4ed6\u538c\u6076\u4f60\u4eec\u95f2\u8a00\u788e\u8bed\u3001\u8fc7\u591a\u8be2\u95ee\u3001\u6d6a\u8d39\u94b1\u8d22\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \uff08\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u3001\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8f91\u5f55\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u660e\u6587\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5c1a\u5728\u6bcd\u8179\u4e2d\u7684\u80ce\u513f\u4e4b\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e4b\u4e00\uff01\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u4f60\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d2b\u7a77\u800c\u6740\u5bb3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u513f\u5973\uff0c\u6211\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4f60\u4eec\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \uff08\u7272\u755c\u7ae0<\/span>151<\/span>\u8282\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u8fd8\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u5f85\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5148\u77e5\uff08\u6c42\u4e3b\u8d50\u798f\u3001\u8d50\u5b89\u4e8e\u4ed6\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u4f60\u4eec\u5728\u7ed9\u4e88\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u9988\u8d60\u54c1\u4e2d\u8981\u505a\u5230\u516c\u5e73<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \uff08\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u8f91\u5f55\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n

    <\/a><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u6cd5\u5ea6\u53ca\u5176\u5b97\u65e8<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    <\/a>\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u8bb2\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u7ed9\u4e16\u4eba\u89c4\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89c4\u8303\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f8b\u6cd5\u662f\u8981\u89c4\u8303\u529f\u4fee\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u5546\u8d38\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u89c4\u8303\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u3001\u5224\u51b3\u6743\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n

    <\/a>\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u5b97\u65e8<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u5f8b\u4f8b\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u610f\u4e49\u800c\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    1.<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7ef4\u62a4\u6559\u95e8<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u7ef4\u62a4\u6559\u95e8\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u5b97\u65e8\uff0c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u4f60\u7684\u4e3b\u5224\u51b3\u8bf4\uff1a\u4f60\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u53ea\u5d07\u62dc\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5b5d\u656c\u7236\u6bcd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \uff08\u591c\u884c\u7ae0<\/span>23<\/span>\u8282\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u5f8b\u6cd5\u660e\u6587\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u6388\u6559\u95e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u4eec\u7ef4\u62a4\u6559\u95e8\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5fc5\u83b7\u5f97\u91cd\u5927\u62a5\u916c\u3002\u5148\u77e5\uff08\u6c42\u4e3b\u8d50\u798f\u3001\u8d50\u5b89\u4e8e\u4ed6\uff09\u786e\u5df2\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u4f60\u4eec\u4e2d\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u5e76\u4f20\u6388\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \uff08\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u8f91\u5f55\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u5efa\u76d6\u4f9b\u4eba\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u5e76\u7406\u89e3\u6559\u95e8\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5efa\u76d6\u5c65\u884c\u529f\u4fee\u7684\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u6559\u95e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u8fd9\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u6559\u95e8\u3002\u5148\u77e5\uff08\u6c42\u4e3b\u8d50\u798f\u3001\u8d50\u5b89\u4e8e\u4ed6\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u8c01\u4e3a\u5b89\u62c9\u800c\u5efa\u76d6\u4e00\u6240\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u5982\u6c99\u9e21\u7a9d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u5c31\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5728\u5929\u5802\u4e2d\u5efa\u76d6\u4e00\u6240\u623f\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \uff08\u4f0a\u672c·\u563f\u5df4\u5c3c\u8f91\u5f55\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u7ef4\u62a4\u6559\u95e8<\/span>\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5f8b\u6cd5\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n