{"title":"Amat Allah Abd Allah","author":{"id":3417,"name":"Amat Allah Abd Allah","slug":"amat_allah_abd_allah","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":"","promote":0,"status":1,"created_at":"2014-12-11T09:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2014-12-11T09:00:00.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"Amat Allah Abd Allah"},"books":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/esp\/api\/authors\/3417?books_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/esp\/api\/authors\/3417?books_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/esp\/api\/authors\/3417?books_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/esp\/api\/authors\/3417","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"videos":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/esp\/api\/authors\/3417?videos_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/esp\/api\/authors\/3417?videos_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/esp\/api\/authors\/3417?videos_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/esp\/api\/authors\/3417","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"audios":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/esp\/api\/authors\/3417?audios_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/esp\/api\/authors\/3417?audios_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/esp\/api\/authors\/3417?audios_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/esp\/api\/authors\/3417","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"articles":{"current_page":1,"data":[{"id":3061,"title":"Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon: A Final Admonition","slug":"prophet-muhammads-last-sermon-a-final-admonition","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:prophet-muhammads-last-sermon-a-final-admonition","hint":"

\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/span> \u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639 - \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 <\/span><\/strong>\r\n

\r\n \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641:<\/span> \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647  <\/span><\/strong>\r\n
\r\n \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: <\/span>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/strong><\/p>","body":"

Prophet Muhammad’s Last Sermon: A Final Admonition<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

Beloved Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia circa 570 C.E.  He is an example for all of humanity.  He was a remarkable man at all times.  He excelled in all walks of life by being a prophet, ruler, orator, soldier, husband, friend, father, uncle, nephew, and a grandfather.  He was a man of love, patience, courage, wisdom, generosity, intelligence and magnitude who inspired millions of lives throughout the world.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

God says in the Quran that he was sent as a mercy for the people of the world.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"We sent thee not save as a mercy for the peoples.\" (Quran 21:107)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

His Prophetic Mission began at the age of forty, circa 610 C.E., and continued until 632 C.E.  From the path of ignorance, mankind was lead to the straight path and was blessed with the guidance of God.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Shortly before his death, Prophet Muhammad delivered a sermon during theHajj<\/em>, which came to be known as his \"Final Sermon\".  This final sermon was not only a reminder to his followers, but also an important admonition.  The final sermon confirms the end of his Prophetic Mission.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Year 10 A.H.  of the Islamic Calendar is considered to be one of the most significant years for three reasons.  Firstly, this was the year when the Prophet delivered his Last Sermon during his farewell pilgrimage to Mecca.  Secondly, this was the year where a number of deputations came to the Prophet to announce their Islam as well as their tribes.  Thirdly, it was the golden period of Islam when multitudes of people embraced the faith by accepting the message of the Prophet.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Prophet Muhammad undertook his farewell pilgrimage in the year 10 A.H.  His farewell pilgrimage to Mecca is one of the most significant historical events in the minds of Muslims, for it was the first and last pilgrimage made by Prophet Muhammad, as well as being the model for performing the fifth pillar of Islam, theHajj<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Prophet Muhammad’s final sermon was delivered during the Hajj<\/em> of the year 632 C.E., the ninth day of Dhul Hijjah, the 12th month of the lunar year, at Arafat, the most blessed day of the year.  There were countless Muslims present with the Prophet during his last pilgrimage when he delivered his last Sermon.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Final Sermon:<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

After praising, and thanking God, the Prophet, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, said \"O People, lend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether after this year, I shall ever be amongst you again.  Therefore, listen to what I am saying to you very carefully and take these words to those who could not be present here today.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O People, just as you regard this month, this day, this city as Sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust.  Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners.  Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you.  Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord, and that He will indeed reckon your deeds.  God has forbidden you to take usury (interest), therefore all interest obligation shall henceforth be waived.  Your capital, however, is yours to keep.  You will neither inflict nor suffer any inequity.  God has Judged that there shall be no interest, and that all the interest due to Al-Abbas ibn Abd’el Muttalib shall henceforth be waived...<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion.  He has lost all hope that he will ever be able to lead you astray in big things, so beware of following him in small things.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O People, it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have rights over you.  Remember that you have taken them as your wives only under a trust from God and with His permission.  If they abide by your right then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness.  Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers.  And it is your right that they do not make friends with any one of whom you do not approve, as well as never to be unchaste.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O People, listen to me in earnest, worship God, perform your five daily prayers, fast during the month of Ramadan, and offer Zakat.  Perform Hajj if you have the means.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

All mankind is from Adam and Eve.  An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab; a white has no superiority over a black, nor does a black have any superiority over a white; [none have superiority over another] except by piety and good action.  Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood.  Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and willingly.  Do not, therefore, do injustice to yourselves.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Remember, one day you will appear before God and answer for your deeds.  So beware, do not stray from the path of righteousness after I am gone.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O People, no prophet or apostle will come after me, and no new faith will be born.  Reason well, therefore, O people, and understand words which I convey to you.  I leave behind me two things, the Quran and my example, the Sunnah, and if you follow these you will never go astray.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others again; and it may be that the last ones understand my words better than those who listen to me directly.  Be my witness, O God, that I have conveyed your message to your people.\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Thus the beloved Prophet completed his Final Sermon, and upon it, near the summit of Arafat, the revelation came down:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"…This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My Grace upon you, and have chosen Islam for you as your religion…\" (Quran 5:3)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Even today the Last Sermon of Prophet Muhammad is passed to every Muslim in every corner of the world through all possible means of communication.  Muslims are reminded about it in mosques and in lectures.  Indeed the meanings found in this sermon are indeed astounding, touching upon some of the most important rights God has over humanity, and humanity has over each other.  Though the Prophet’s soul has left this world, his words are still living in our hearts.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":21120,"lft":5941,"rght":5958,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-11T23:44:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T06:03:07.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":13,"author_id":3417,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":2,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"Amat Allah Abd Allah","category_name":"Muhammad (PBUH)","category_slug":"Muhammad-(PBUH)","get_date":"2014-12-11","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx"},{"id":3062,"title":"El \u00daltimo Serm\u00f3n del Profeta Muh\u00e1mmad: Un \u00daltimo Consejo","slug":"el-ltimo-sermn-del-profeta-muhmmad-un-ltimo-consejo","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:el-ltimo-sermn-del-profeta-muhmmad-un-ltimo-consejo","hint":"

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","body":"

El Último Sermón del Profeta Muhámmad: Un Último Consejo<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

El Profeta Muhámmad (SAW) nació en La Meca, actualmente Arabia Saudita, hacia 570 d.C., y fue un ejemplo para toda la humanidad.  Un hombre notable, que se destacó en todos los aspectos de la vida, como profeta, gobernante, filósofo, orador, soldado, esposo, amigo, padre, tío, sobrino, y abuelo.  Era un hombre amoroso, paciente, valiente, sabio, generoso, inteligente y magnánimo, que inspiró a millones de almas alrededor del mundo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dios dice en el Corán que lo envió como una misericordia para la humanidad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Y no te hemos enviado [¡Oh, Profeta!] sino como misericordia para todas las criaturas.” (Corán 21:107)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Su Misión Profética empezó cuando alcanzó la edad de cuarenta años, hacia el 610 d.C., y continuó hasta el año 632 d.C. Guió a la gente que estaba en el camino de la ignorancia, llevándola al camino recto y bendito que ordena seguir Dios.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Poco antes de su muerte, el Profeta Muhámmad pronunció un sermón durante la Peregrinación que es conocido como el “Último Sermón” o “Sermón de despedida”.  Este último sermón no sólo era un recordatorio a sus seguidores, sino también un consejo importante.  El último sermón confirma el fin de su Misión Profética.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

El año 10 del Calendario Islámico se considera uno de los años más memorables por tres razones:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Primero, éste era el año en que el Profeta pronunció su Último Sermón durante su peregrinación a La Meca.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Segundo, este fue el año dónde mayor número de delegaciones buscaron al Profeta para solicitar alianzas o hacer la paz con los musulmanes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Tercero, fue el período dorado del Islam, cuando multitudes de  personas abrazaron la fe aceptando el mensaje del Profeta.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

El profeta Muhámmad emprendió la peregrinación en el año 10 H.  La peregrinación a La Meca es uno de los eventos históricos más importantes en la mente de los musulmanes por ser ésta la primera y la última peregrinación hecha por el Profeta Muhámmad, estableciendo así el modelo a seguir para la realización del quinto pilar de Islam, el Hayy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

El sermón final de Muhámmad se pronunció durante la Peregrinación del año 632 d.C., el noveno día del mes de Dhul Hiyyah, el decimosegundo mes del año lunar, en Arafat, el día más bendito del año.  Había innumerables musulmanes presentes junto al Profeta durante su última peregrinación, cuando pronunció su último Sermón.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

El Último Sermón:<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

Después de alabar y agradecer a Dios, el Profeta, la paz y las bendiciones sean con él, dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“¡Oh, creyentes!, escuchen con atención, porque yo no sé si después de este año estaré de nuevo entre ustedes.  Escuchen lo que yo estoy diciéndoles muy cuidadosamente y trasmitan estas palabras a aquéllos que no pudieron estar presentes aquí hoy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

¡Oh, creyentes!, así como ustedes consideran este mes, este día y esta ciudad como Sagrados, de igual manera consideren la vida y la propiedad de cada musulmán como sagrada.  Devuelvan las cosas que les fueron confiadas a sus dueños.  No lastimen a nadie para que nadie los lastime.  Recuerden siempre que ustedes se encontrarán con su Señor, y que Él les preguntará por sus acciones.  Dios les ha prohibido que practiquen la usura (el interés); por consiguiente, toda usura queda abolida de aquí en adelante.  Sin embargo, es una obligación devolver el capital de un préstamo.  No perjudiquen y no serán perjudicados.  Dios ha declarado ilícita la usura, y todo el interés que se deba a mi tío Abbas Ibn Abd’ul Muttalib queda abolido de aquí en adelante...<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Tengan cuidado con Satanás, preserven su religión.  Él ha perdido toda esperanza de que alguna vez podrá descarriarlos en las cosas grandes, pero ustedes tienen que tener cuidado con él y sus partidarios en las cosas pequeñas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

¡Oh, creyentes!  es verdad que ustedes tienen ciertos derechos con respecto a sus mujeres, pero ellas también tienen ciertos derechos sobre ustedes.  Recuerden que las han tomado como sus esposas con el consentimiento de Dios y con Su permiso.  Si ellas cumplen con vuestros derechos entonces a ellas pertenecen sus derechos a ser alimentadas, vestidas y tratadas con bondad.  Traten bien a sus mujeres y sean amables con ellas porque ellas son sus compañeras.  Y es su derecho que ellas no hagan amistad con quien ustedes no aprueban, así como que nunca se comporten de manera impúdica.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

¡Oh, creyentes!  adoren a Dios, realicen las cinco oraciones diarias, ayunen durante el mes de Ramadán, y den de su riqueza el Zakat.  Realicen la peregrinación si  tienen los medios.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Toda la humanidad proviene de Adán y Eva.  Un árabe no tiene ninguna superioridad sobre un no árabe, ni un no árabe tiene superioridad sobre un árabe; el blanco no tiene superioridad sobre el negro, ni el negro tiene superioridad sobre el blanco; excepto por la piedad y las buenas acciones.  Sepan que todos los musulmanes son hermanos.  Nada será legítima pertenencia de un musulmán si pertenece a otro musulmán, a menos que fuera dado libremente y de buena gana.  No cometan injusticias en contra de sus semejantes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Recuerden, un día serán presentados ante Dios para responder por sus acciones.  Así que tengan cuidado, no se desvíen del camino de la rectitud después de mi muerte.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

¡Oh, creyentes!  Ningún profeta vendrá después de mí, y ninguna nueva fe nacerá.  Por consiguiente, razonen bien y reflexionen sobre mis palabras.  Les dejo dos cosas, el Corán, y mi ejemplo y Tradición, la Sunnah, y si los siguen, jamás se desviarán.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Que los presentes informen a los ausentes; puede ser que los últimos sean quienes entiendan mis palabras mejor que aquéllos que me escucharon directamente.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

¡Oh, mi Señor!  ¡Sé testigo de que he llevado Tu mensaje a las personas!”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Así el Profeta completó su Último Sermón, y entonces, sobre el monte Arafat, la revelación descendió:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“… Hoy os he perfeccionado vuestra religión, he completado Mi gracia sobre vosotros y he dispuesto que el Islam sea vuestra religión.…” (Corán 5:3)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Incluso hoy en día, el Último Sermón del Profeta Muhámmad es recibido por todo musulmán en diferentes partes del mundo, a través de diversos medios de difusión.  Se recuerda a los musulmanes sobre él en las mezquitas y en las conferencias.  Los significados encontrados en este sermón son asombrosos, hablan sobre algunos de los derechos más importantes que Dios tiene sobre la humanidad, y los derechos de las personas.  Aunque el alma del Profeta ha dejado este mundo, sus palabras todavía viven en nuestros corazones.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":12930,"lft":5942,"rght":5943,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-11T23:44:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T05:57:27.000000Z","language_id":12,"user_id":13,"author_id":3417,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":2,"parent_id":3061,"author_name":"Amat Allah Abd Allah","category_name":"Muhammad (PBUH)","category_slug":"Muhammad-(PBUH)","get_date":"2014-12-11","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx"},{"id":3063,"title":"Le dernier sermon du proph\u00e8te Mohammed","slug":"le-dernier-sermon-du-prophte-mohammed","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:le-dernier-sermon-du-prophte-mohammed","hint":"","body":"

Le dernier sermon du prophète Mohammed<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Le prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) est né à la Mecque, en Arabie Saoudite, aux environs de l’an 570 de notre ère.  Il est un exemple à suivre pour toute l’humanité, car c’était un homme des plus remarquables et ce, dans tous les domaines d’activités.  C’était un prophète, un dirigeant, un philosophe, un orateur, un soldat, un mari, un ami, un père, un neveu et un grand-père.  C’était un homme d’amour, de patience, de courage, de sagesse, de générosité et d’intelligence, et il a inspiré des millions de personnes à travers le monde et à travers les siècles.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dans le Coran, Dieu dit qu’il a été envoyé comme une miséricorde aux peuples du monde :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Et Nous ne t’avons envoyé qu’en miséricorde pour l’univers. » (Coran 21:107)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Sa mission prophétique a débuté alors qu’il avait quarante ans, aux environs de l’an 610 de notre ère, et s’est poursuivie jusqu’en l’an 632.  L’humanité, qui suivait alors la voie de l’ignorance, a été guidée sur la voie de la vertu par la grâce de Dieu.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Peu de temps avant sa mort, et alors qu’il faisait le pèlerinage (Hajj) à la Mecque, le prophète Mohammed a prononcé un sermon qui allait par la suite être connu sous le nom de « dernier sermon du prophète ».  Ce dernier sermon n’était pas qu’un rappel destiné à ses fidèles, mais aussi un important avertissement.  Il confirmait également la fin de sa mission prophétique.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

L’année 10 de l’Hégire (i.e. du calendrier musulman) est considérée comme une des plus importantes pour trois raisons.  Premièrement, c’est l’année où le Prophète a prononcé son dernier sermon au cours de son pèlerinage d’adieu, à la Mecque.  Deuxièmement, c’est l’année où de nombreuses délégations sont venues faire la paix avec les musulmans.  Troisièmement, il s’agit de l’âge d’or de l’islam, où de nombreuses personnes se sont converties en acceptant le message que le Prophète avait prêché.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le prophète a entrepris son pèlerinage d’adieu en l’an 10 de l’Hégire.  Ce pèlerinage est un des événements historiques les plus marquants pour les musulmans, car il s’agissait à la fois de son premier et de son dernier pèlerinage.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le prophète Mohammed a prononcé son dernier sermon au cours du Hajj de l’an 632, au neuvième jour du mois de dhoul hijjah, qui est le douzième mois du calendrier lunaire.  Il se tenait sur le mont Arafat, devant des milliers de musulmans.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le dernier sermon<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Après avoir loué et remercié Dieu, le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a déclaré :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Ô peuple!  Écoutez-moi attentivement, car je ne sais pas si, après cette année-ci, je serai encore parmi vous. Écoutez, donc, ce que je vous dis avec beaucoup d’attention et<\/strong> <\/strong>transmettez<\/strong> ce message à ceux qui ne pouvaient être présents parmi nous aujourd’hui.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Ô peuple!  Tout comme vous considérez ce mois, ce jour, cette cité comme sacrés, considérez aussi la vie et les biens de chaque musulman comme sacrés. Retournez à<\/strong> <\/strong>leurs<\/strong> légitimes propriétaires les biens qui vous ont été confiés. Ne blessez personne afin que personne ne puisse vous blesser. Souvenez-vous qu’en vérité, vous rencontrerez votre Seigneur et qu’effectivement, Il vous demandera compte de vos actes.  Dieu vous a défendu de pratiquer l’usure [de prendre ou payer de l’intérêt], donc tout intérêt non-payé sera maintenant annulé.  Votre capital, cependant, vous revient.  Vous n’infligerez ni d’endurerez aucune injustice.  Dieu a décidé de rendre l’intérêt illicite, et tout intérêt qui était dû à Abbas ibn Abd’al Mouttalib sera maintenant annulé.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Méfiez-vous de Satan, pour le salut de votre religion. Il a perdu tout espoir de ne pouvoir jamais vous amener à commettre les grands péchés; attention, donc, à ne pas le suivre dans les péchés mineurs. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Ô peuple!  Il est vrai que vous avez certains droits à l’égard de vos femmes, mais elles aussi ont des droits sur vous.<\/strong>  <\/strong>Souvenez-vous que c’est par la permission de Dieu que vous les avez prises pour épouses et que c’est Dieu qui vous les a confiées.  Si elles respectent vos droits, alors à elles appartient le droit d’être nourries et habillées convenablement. Traitez donc bien vos femmes et soyez gentils envers elles, car elles sont vos partenaires et elles sont dévouées envers vous. Il est de votre droit qu’elles ne se lient pas d’amitié avec des gens que vous n’approuvez pas, et qu’elles ne commettent jamais l’adultère. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Ô peuple!  Écoutez-moi bien : adorez Dieu, faites vos cinq prières quotidiennes, jeûnez pendant le mois de Ramadan, et donnez votre richesse en zakat.  Accomplissez le Hajj si vous en avez les moyens.  Toute l’humanité descend d’Adam et Ève.  Un Arabe n’est point supérieur à un non-Arabe, et un non-Arabe n’est point supérieur à un Arabe; et les Blancs ne sont point supérieurs aux Noirs, de même que les Noirs ne sont point supérieurs aux Blancs.  Aucune personne n’est supérieure à une autre, si ce n’est en piété et en bonnes actions. Vous savez que chaque musulman est le frère de tous les autres musulmans.  Vous êtes tous égaux.  Vous n’avez aucun droit sur les biens appartenant à l’un de vos frères, à moins qu’on ne vous ait fait un don librement et de plein gré.  Par conséquent, ne soyez pas injustes les uns envers les autres.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Souvenez-vous, un jour vous vous présenterez devant Dieu et répondrez de vos actes.  Prenez garde, donc, ne vous écartez pas du droit chemin après ma mort.  Ô peuple!  Aucun prophète ni messager ne viendra après moi, et aucune nouvelle religion ne naîtra. »<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Raisonnez bien, ô peuple, et comprenez bien les mots que je vous transmets. Je laisse derrière moi deux choses : le Coran et mon exemple, la Sounnah. Et si vous les suivez, jamais vous ne vous égarerez.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Que tous ceux qui m’écoutent transmettent ce message à d’autres, et ceux-là à d’autres encore; et que les derniers puissent le comprendre mieux que ceux qui m’écoutent directement.<\/strong>  <\/strong>Sois témoin, ô Dieu, que j’ai transmis Ton message à Tes serviteurs. »<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

C’est ainsi que le Prophète termina son dernier sermon et, alors qu’il se tenait près du sommet de Arafat, le verset suivant lui fut révélé :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« … Aujourd’hui, J’ai parfait votre religion pour vous et J’ai accompli Mon bienfait sur vous.  Et J’ai choisi l’islam comme religion pour vous. » (Coran 5:3)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

De nos jours encore, le dernier sermon du prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) est transmis à chaque musulman partout à travers le monde et par divers moyens de communication.  On le rappelle aux musulmans dans les mosquées et lors de conférences.  En fait, les différents messages que renferme ce sermon concernent certains des droits les plus importants de Dieu sur l’humanité, et des hommes les uns sur les autres.  Bien que le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) ait quitté ce monde, ses paroles demeurent toujours bien vivantes dans nos cœurs.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":15362,"lft":5944,"rght":5945,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-11T23:44:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T05:14:09.000000Z","language_id":9,"user_id":13,"author_id":3417,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":2,"parent_id":3061,"author_name":"Amat Allah Abd Allah","category_name":"Muhammad (PBUH)","category_slug":"Muhammad-(PBUH)","get_date":"2014-12-11","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx"},{"id":3064,"title":"Die letzte Predigt des Propheten Muhammad: Eine abschlie\u00dfende Ermahnung","slug":"die-letzte-predigt-des-propheten-muhammad-eine-abschlieende-ermahnung","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:die-letzte-predigt-des-propheten-muhammad-eine-abschlieende-ermahnung","hint":"","body":"

Die letzte Predigt des Propheten Muhammad: Eine abschließende Ermahnung<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Der geliebte Prophet Muhammad, möge Gott ihn loben und segnen, wurde etwa 570 nChr. in Mekka, Saudi Arabien, geboren.  Er ist ein Vorbild für die gesamte Menschheit.  Er war durchweg ein bemerkenswerter Mann.  Er zeichnete sich in allen Lebenslagen aus: als Prophet, Gesetzgeber, Philosoph, Redner, Kämpfer, Ehemann, Freund, Vater, Onkel, Neffe und Großvater.  Er war ein Mann der Liebe, Geduld, Tapferkeit, Weisheit, Großzügigkeit, Intelligenz und Größe, der Millionen von Leben auf der ganzen Welt inspiriert hat.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Gott sagt im Qur´an, dass er als Gnade für die Menschen der Welt gesandt worden war.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Wir entsandten dich nur aus Barmherzigkeit für alle Welten.” (Quran 21:107)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Seine Mission als Prophet begann im Alter von vierzig Jahren, ungefähr 610 nChr. Und dauerte bis 632 nChr.  Vom Pfad der Unwissenheit wurde die Menschheit auf den geraden Weg geführt und mit der Rechtleitung Gottes gesegnet.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Kurz vor seinem Tod hielt Muhammad während des Ha\u011f\u011f<\/em> eine Rede, die als “Abschiedspredigt” bekannt geworden ist.  Diese Abschiedspredigt war nicht nur eine Erinnerung für seine Anhänger, sondern auch eine wichtige Ermahnung.  Die Abschiedspredigt kennzeichnet das Ende seiner Mission als Prophet.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Das Jahr 10 a.H. des islamischen Kalenders wird aus drei Gründen für eines der bedeutungsvollsten Jahre gehalten.  Erstens: es war das Jahr, in dem der Prophet seine letzte Predigt während seiner Abschiedspilgerfahrt nach Mekka hielt.  Zweitens: es war das Jahr, als eine Zahl von Abordnungen den Propheten aufsuchten, um ihm ihre Aufwartungen zu machen oder um Frieden mit den Muslimen zu schließen.  Drittens: es war das “goldene Jahr” in dem eine Vielzahl von Menschen den islamischen Glauben annahm und die Botschaft des Propheten akzeptierte.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Prophet Muhammad unternahm seine Abschiedspilgerfahrt im Jahr 10 a.H.  Diese Abschiedspilgerfahrt nach Mekka hat sich in den Köpfen der Muslime als eines der bedeutungsvollsten historischen Ereignisse eingeprägt, denn es war die erste und letzte Pilgerfahrt des Propheten Muhammad, wodurch sie auch als Beispiel für die Verrichtung der fünften Säule des Islam, den Ha\u011f\u011f<\/em>, dient.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die letzte Predigt des Propheten Muhammad wurde während des Ha\u011f\u011f<\/em> im Jahr 632 nChr gehalten, dem neunten Tag des Dhul-Hi\u011f\u011fah, dem zwölften Monat des Mondmonats, an Arafat, dem gesegnetsten Tag des Jahres.  Es waren zahllose Muslime anwesend, als der Prophet auf seiner letzten Pilgerreise seine Abschiedspredigt hielt.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die Abschiedspredigt:<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Nachdem er Gott gelobt und gepriesen hatte, sagte der Prophet, möge Gott ihn loben:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“O ihr Menschen, leiht mit ein aufmerksames Ohr, denn ich weiß nicht, ob ich nach diesem Jahr wieder unter euch sein werde.  Deshalb hört dem, was ich euch sagen werde, bedachtsam zu und berichtet diese Worte jenen, die heute nicht hier anwesend sind.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O ihr Menschen, genau wie ihr diesen Monat, diesen Tag, diese Stadt als heilig betrachtet, so betrachtet auch das Leben und den Besitz eines jeden Muslim als ein heiliges, anvertrautes Gut.  Gebt die Güter, die euch anvertraut wurden, ihren rechtmäßigen Eigentümern zurück.  Schadet niemandem, damit euch niemand Schaden zufügen möge.  Haltet euch stets vor Augen, dass ihr eurem Herrn begegnen werdet und dass Er gewiss eure Taten berechnen wird.  Gott hat euch verboten, dass ihr Zinsen nehmt, daher sollen jegliche Verpflichtungen aus Zinsgeschäften nunmehr erlassen werden.  Euer Kapital steht euch allerdings zu.  Ihr sollt weder Ungerechtigkeit zufügen noch erleiden.  Gott hat entschieden, dass es keine Wuchergeschäfte geben soll und somit sollen alle Zinsen die Abbas ibn Abd´al Muttalib zustehen, erlassen sein...<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Nehmt euch vor dem Satan in acht – für die Sicherheit eurer Religion.  Er hat alle Hoffnung aufgegeben, dass er jemals in der Lage sein wird, euch in großen Dingen irrezuführen, also hütet euch davor, ihn in Kleinigkeiten zu folgen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O ihr Menschen, es ist wahr, dass ihr bestimmte Rechte in bezug auf eure Frauen besitzt, aber sie besitzen auch Rechte an euch.  Bedenkt doch, dass ihr sie von Gott als Anvertrautes und mit Seiner Erlaubnis genommen habt.  Wenn sie bei euch bleiben und euch euer Recht gewähren, dann ist es ihr Recht, dass ihr sie in Güte versorgt und bekleidet.  Behandelt eure Frauen gut und seid liebenswürdig zu ihnen, denn sie sind eure Partner und an euch gebunden.  Und es steht euch zu, dass sie sich mit niemandem befreunden, den ihr nicht billigt und dass sie sich nicht unzüchtig verhalten.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O ihr Menschen, hört mir ernsthaft zu, betet Gott an, verrichtet eure fünf täglichen Gebete, fastet im Monat Ramadhan und spendet Zakat aus eurem Vermögen.  Verrichtet Ha\u011f\u011f, wenn ihr dazu die Mittel besitzt.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die gesamte Menschheit stammt von Adam und Eva.  Ein Araber hat weder einen Vorrang vor einem Nicht-Araber, noch hat ein Nicht-Araber einen Vorrang vor einem Araber; Weiß hat keinen Vorrang vor Schwarz, noch hat Schwarz irgendeinen Vorrang vor Weiß; [nimand ist einem anderen überlegen] außer in der Gottesfurcht und in guter Tat.  Lernt, dass jeder Muslim der Bruder eines jeden Muslim ist und dass die Muslime eine Bruderschaft darstellen.  Nichts soll einem Muslim erlaubt sein, das einem muslimischen Bruder gehört, es sei denn, er gibt es ihm aus freiem Willen.  Deshalb tut euch selbst kein Unrecht an.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Bedenkt, eines Tages werdet ihr vor Gott erscheinen und nach euren Taten befragt werden.  Also hütet euch, verlasst den Weg der Rechtschaffenheit nicht, wenn ich von euch gegangen bin.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O ihr Menschen, nach mir wird kein Prophet oder Gesandter mehr kommen, und es wird kein neuer Glaube mehr geboren werden.  Überlegt daher vernünftig, o ihr Menschen, und versteht die Worte richtig, die ich euch mitteile.  Ich werde nach mir zwei Dinge hinterlassen: den Qur´an und mein Beispiel, die Sunnah, und wenn ihr diesen folgt, dann werdet ihr nie irregehen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

All jene, die mir zuhören, sollen diese Worte den anderen mitteilen und jene sollen sie wiederum anderen mitteilen, und es mag sein, dass die Letzten die Worte besser verstehen, als jene, die mir zuerst zugehört haben.  Sei mein Zeuge, o Gott, dass ich Deinen Menschen Deine Botschaft überbracht habe.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

So beendete der geliebte Prophet seine letzte Predigt und daraufhin, in der Nähe des Gipfels von Arafat, kam die Offenbarung:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“…Heute habe ich euch eure Religion vervollkommnet und Meine Gnade an euch vollendet und euch den Islam zum Glauben erwählt...” (Quran 5:3)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Noch heute wird die Abschiedspredigt des Propheten Muhammad jedem Muslim in jedem Winkel der Welt mit allen möglichen Mitteln der Verständigung mitgeteilt.  Muslime werden darüber in den Moscheen und in Schriften aufgeklärt.  Tatsächlich erstaunen die Ermahnungen dieser Predigt, berühren sie doch die wichtigsten Rechte, die Gott über die Menschheit und die Menschheit gegenüber  einander besitzt.  Obgleich die Seele des Propheten diese Welt verlassen hat, leben seine Worte noch immer in unseren Herzen weiter.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":16589,"lft":5946,"rght":5947,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-11T23:44:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T01:59:55.000000Z","language_id":7,"user_id":13,"author_id":3417,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":2,"parent_id":3061,"author_name":"Amat Allah Abd Allah","category_name":"Muhammad (PBUH)","category_slug":"Muhammad-(PBUH)","get_date":"2014-12-11","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx"},{"id":3065,"title":"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430: \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435","slug":"-----dgghhbbg","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:-----dgghhbbg","hint":"","body":"

\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430: \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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\u0412 \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041c\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043c» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 21:107).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043b\u0435\u0442 (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432 609-610 \u0433.\u043d.\u044d.) \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c 23 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 (\u0434\u043e 632 \u0433.\u043d.\u044d.). \u0418\u0437 \u043c\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u043d, \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043a \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0443.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044e\u044e  \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a «\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c». \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0414\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u0445\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438: \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c\u044e,  \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u041c\u0435\u043a\u043a\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446, \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044e \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0445\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0440\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b, \u043a\u0430\u043a<\/em><\/strong>  \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430, \u043f\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043f\u0430 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430 \u0417\u0443\u043b\u044c-\u0425\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0430 (12-\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446 \u043b\u0443\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f)  \u0432 632 \u0433.\u043d.\u044d. \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0430\u0442. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u0412\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432 \u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438, \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e,  \u0438\u0431\u043e  \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443, \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b \u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430, \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043d\u044f, \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430\u043c. \u041d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445, \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c. \u041f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0438 \u041e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0441 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0411\u043e\u0433 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e. \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043c. \u041d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e. \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0410\u0431\u0431\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0434 \u0430\u043b\u044c-\u041c\u0443\u0442\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u041e\u043d \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0445, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0445.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438, \u0432\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a \u0432\u0430\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u0432\u0437\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0443, \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0443.  \u041e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u043d\u0438 – \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438.  \u0418 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e: \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0443 \u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438, \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e: \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0420\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u044f\u0442 (\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043d\u044e).  \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412\u0441\u0451 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e – \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0415\u0432\u044b.  \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0431 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043d\u0435\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043c, \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043c; \u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0447\u0451\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0447\u0451\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c; (\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c), \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435.  \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d – \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.  \u041d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0441 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.  \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u044b \u043a \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435: \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u0432\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438, \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u0435, \u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438, \u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e \u0432\u0430\u043c.  \u042f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438 – \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 (\u0421\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0443), \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043c, \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0451\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c, \u0430 \u0442\u0435 – \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c; \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0439\u043c\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c.  \u041e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0451 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443!»<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u042d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438  \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043b \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044e\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0430\u0442\u0435, \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u042f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044e, \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u041c\u043e\u044e \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 5:3)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0414\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044e\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438, \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445.  \u0414\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 – \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0445.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":15358,"lft":5948,"rght":5949,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-11T23:44:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T04:54:22.000000Z","language_id":5,"user_id":13,"author_id":3417,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":2,"parent_id":3061,"author_name":"Amat Allah Abd Allah","category_name":"Muhammad (PBUH)","category_slug":"Muhammad-(PBUH)","get_date":"2014-12-11","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx"},{"id":3066,"title":"O \u00daltimo Serm\u00e3o do Profeta Muhammad: Uma Advert\u00eancia Final","slug":"o-ltimo-sermo-do-profeta-muhammad--uma-advertncia-final","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:o-ltimo-sermo-do-profeta-muhammad--uma-advertncia-final","hint":"","body":"

O Último Sermão do Profeta Muhammad<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 Uma Advertência Final<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

O amado Profeta Muhammad, que Deus o exalte, nasceu em Meca, Arábia Saudita, por volta de 570 EC.  Ele é um exemplo para toda a humanidade.  Foi um homem notável em todos os momentos.  Destacou-se em todos os segmentos da vida ao ser um profeta, governante, filósofo, orador, soldado, marido, amigo, pai, tio, sobrinho e avô.  Era um homem de amor, paciência, coragem, sabedoria, generosidade, inteligência e magnitude que inspirou milhões de vidas em todo o mundo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Deus diz no Alcorão que ele foi enviado como misericórdia para os povos do mundo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Nós te enviamos como uma misericórdia para os povos.” (Alcorão 21:107)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Sua Missão Profética começou na idade de quarenta anos, por volta de 610 EC, e continuou até 632 EC.  Do caminho da ignorância a humanidade foi guiada até o caminho correto e abençoada com a orientação de Deus.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Pouco antes de sua morte o Profeta Muhammad fez um sermão durante oHajj<\/em>, que ficou conhecido como seu “Sermão da Despedida.”  Esse sermão final não era apenas um lembrete para seus seguidores, mas também uma advertência importante.  O último sermão confirma o fim de sua Missão Profética.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O ano 10 da Hégira (calendário islâmico) é considerado como o mais significativo por três razões.  Primeiro, foi o ano em que o Profeta fez o seu Sermão da Despedida durante sua peregrinação de despedida a Meca.  Segundo, foi o ano em que diversas comitivas esperaram o Profeta para prestar homenagens ou fazer a paz com os muçulmanos.  Terceiro, foi o período dourado do Islã quando multidões de pessoas abraçaram a fé ao aceitar a mensagem do Profeta.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Profeta Muhammad empreendeu sua peregrinação da despedida no ano 10 da Hégira.  Sua peregrinação de despedida a Meca é um dos eventos históricos mais significativos nas mentes dos muçulmanos, porque foi a primeira e última peregrinação feita pelo Profeta Muhammad, e também um modelo de como realizar o quinto pilar do Islã, o Hajj<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O último sermão do Profeta Muhammad foi feito durante o Hajj<\/em> do ano de 632 EC, o nono dia de Dhul Hijjah, o décimo segundo mês do ano lunar, em Arafat, o dia mais abençoado do ano.  Havia incontáveis muçulmanos presentes com o Profeta durante sua última peregrinação, quando ele fez seu último sermão.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Sermão da Despedida:<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Após louvar e agradecer a Deus, o Profeta, que Deus o exalte, disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ó Povo, preste atenção, porque eu não sei se estarei entre vocês novamente depois desse ano.  Portanto, ouçam o que estou dizendo com muita atenção e levem essas palavras para aqueles que não puderam estar presentes aqui hoje.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ó Povo, assim como consideram esse mês, esse dia e essa cidade como sagrados, considerem a vida e a propriedade de todo muçulmano como sagrados.  Devolvam os bens que lhes forem confiados aos seus legítimos donos.  Não prejudiquem uns aos outros para que ninguém os prejudique.  Lembrem que encontrarão seu Senhor, e que Ele pedirá contas de seus atos.  Deus proibiu a usura (juros) e, portanto, todas as obrigações baseadas em juros devem ser renunciadas.  O seu capital, entretanto, deve ser mantido.  Não devem infligir nem sofrer qualquer injustiça.  Deus julgou que não deve haver juros e que todo o juro devido a Abbas ibn Abd’al Muttalib deve, portanto, ser renunciado...<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Tenham cuidado com Satanás, pela segurança de sua religião.  Ele perdeu a esperança de desviá-los nas grandes coisas, então fiquem atentos para não o seguirem nas pequenas coisas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ó Povo, é verdade que têm certos direitos em relação às suas mulheres, mas elas também têm direitos sobre vocês.  Lembrem que as tomaram como esposas somente sob a custódia de Deus e com Sua permissão.  Se elas mantiverem os seus direitos então a elas pertence o direito de serem vestidas e alimentadas com gentileza.  Tratem bem suas mulheres e sejam gentis com elas, porque elas são suas parceiras e ajudantes dedicadas.  É seu direito que elas não façam amizade com quem não aprovem, e também que sejam castas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ó Povo, me ouçam com atenção, adorem a Deus, façam suas cinco orações diárias, jejuem durante o mês de Ramadã, e paguem o Zakat.  Façam o Hajj se tiverem os meios.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Toda a humanidade descende de Adão e Eva.  Um árabe não é superior a um não-árabe, nem um não-árabe tem qualquer superioridade sobre um árabe; o branco não tem superioridade sobre o negro, nem o negro é superior ao branco; ninguém é superior, exceto pela piedade e boas ações.  Aprendam que todo muçulmano é irmão de todo muçulmano e que os muçulmanos constituem uma irmandade.  Nada que pertença a um muçulmano é legítimo para outro muçulmano a menos que seja dado de livre e espontânea vontade.  Portanto, não cometam injustiças contra vocês mesmos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Lembrem que um dia se apresentarão perante Deus e responderão pelos seus atos.  Então fiquem atentos e não se desviem do caminho da retidão após eu partir.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ó Povo, nenhum profeta ou apóstolo virá depois de mim, e nenhuma nova fé nascerá.  Reflitam bem, portanto, ó povo, e compreendam as palavras que eu lhes transmito.  Eu deixo duas coisas, o Alcorão e o meu exemplo, a Sunnah, e se os seguirem jamais se desviarão.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Todos aqueles que me ouvem devem passar minhas palavras adiante muitas vezes; e que os últimos compreendam melhor as minhas palavras do que aqueles que me ouvem diretamente.  Seja minha testemunha, Ó Deus, de que eu transmiti a Sua mensagem para o seu povo.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Assim o amado Profeta completou seu Sermão da Despedida e ao fazê-lo, próximo da congregação de Arafat, a revelação desceu:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“...Hoje, completei a religião para vós; e vos escolhi o Islã como religião...”   (Alcorão 5:3)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Mesmo hoje o Sermão da Despedida do Profeta Muhammad é passado a cada muçulmano em todos os cantos do mundo, através de todos os meios possíveis de comunicação.  Os muçulmanos são relembrados sobre ele nas mesquitas e em preleções.  De fato, os significados desse sermão são surpreendentes, tocando alguns dos direitos mais importantes que Deus tem sobre os homens, e que os homens têm uns sobre os outros.  Embora a alma do Profeta tenha deixado esse mundo, suas palavras continuam vivas em nossos corações.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13069,"lft":5950,"rght":5951,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-11T23:44:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T05:01:25.000000Z","language_id":15,"user_id":13,"author_id":3417,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":2,"parent_id":3061,"author_name":"Amat Allah Abd Allah","category_name":"Muhammad (PBUH)","category_slug":"Muhammad-(PBUH)","get_date":"2014-12-11","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx"},{"id":3067,"title":"\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u8aac\u6559\uff1a\u5225\u308c\u306e\u8a13\u6212 ","slug":"-DGGGDG","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:-DGGGDG","hint":"","body":"

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\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u3092\u5b88\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002\u304b\u308c\u306f\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u3092\u5927\u304d\u306a\u7269\u4e8b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8ff7\u5984\u306b\u9665\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u7d76\u671b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3086\u3048\u306b\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u7269\u4e8b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u304b\u308c\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6c17\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u3053\u3046\u3057\u3066\u611b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u8aac\u6559\u3092\u7de0\u3081\u304f\u304f\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3001\u30a2\u30e9\u30d5\u30a1\u5c71\u9802\u3067\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u5553\u793a\u304c\u4e0b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u300c<\/strong>…<\/strong>\u3053\u306e\u65e5\u3001\u308f\u308c\uff08\u795e\uff09\u306f\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u3092\u5b8c\u74a7\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u308f\u304c\u6069\u6075\u3092\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u306b\u5b8c\u9042\u3057\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9078\u3093\u3060\u306e\u3060<\/strong>…<\/strong>\u300d\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> <\/strong>5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>3<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13406,"lft":5952,"rght":5953,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-11T23:44:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T01:52:10.000000Z","language_id":16,"user_id":13,"author_id":3417,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":2,"parent_id":3061,"author_name":"Amat Allah Abd Allah","category_name":"Muhammad (PBUH)","category_slug":"Muhammad-(PBUH)","get_date":"2014-12-11","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx"},{"id":3068,"title":"\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7684\u6700\u540e\u544a\u8beb\uff1a\u8f9e\u671d\u6f14\u8bf4 ","slug":"-sdfghsh","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:-sdfghsh","hint":"","body":"

\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7684\u6700\u540e\u544a<\/strong>\u8beb\uff1a\u8f9e\u671d\u6f14\u8bf4<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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“<\/strong>\u6211\u6d3e\u9063\u4f60\uff0c\u53ea<\/strong>\u4e3a\u601c\u60af\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>21:107<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u4eba\u4eec\u554a\uff01\u5728\u6211\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u51fa\u4f7f\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u554a\uff01\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u5c06\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4f20\u8fbe\u7ed9\u4f60\u4eec\u3002\u6211\u4e4b\u540e\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u548c\u6211\u7684\u5723\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4eec\u8ddf\u968f\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bef\u5165\u8ff7\u9014\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u573a\u7684\u4eba\u8981\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5728\u573a\u7684\u4eba\u4f20\u8fbe\u6211\u8bf4\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u88ab\u4f20\u8ff0\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u542c\u8bb2\u7684\u4eba\u8fd8\u8981\u7528\u5fc3\u3002\u4e3b\u554a\uff01\u6c42\u60a8\u89c1\u8bc1\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u5c06\u60a8\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u8fbe\u7ed9\u4e86\u60a8\u7684\u4ec6\u4eba\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u656c\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u5728\u963f\u5c14\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u8f9e\u671d\u6f14\u8bf4\u300b\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u6559\u8bf2\u5df2\u7ecf\u5168\u7f8e\u7684\u542f\u793a\u4e5f\u968f\u5373\u964d\u4e34\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“……<\/strong>\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u5df2<\/strong>\u4e3a\u4f60\u4eec\u6210\u5168\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u6211\u6240\u8d50\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u6069\u5178\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u9009\u62e9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u505a\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3002<\/strong>……”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>5:3<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7684“\u8f9e\u671d\u6f14\u8bf4”\u4ecd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5207\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u4f20\u8bf5\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u548c\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u90fd\u53ef\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u8b66\u793a\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u300a\u8f9e\u671d\u6f14\u8bf4\u300b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u975e\u51e1\u7684\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u4f18\u8d8a\u4e8e\u4e16\u4eba\uff0c\u4e16\u4eba\u5f7c\u6b64\u4f18\u8d8a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u8a00\u8f9e\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7559\u5b58\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":12565,"lft":5954,"rght":5955,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-11T23:44:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T05:20:43.000000Z","language_id":18,"user_id":13,"author_id":3417,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":2,"parent_id":3061,"author_name":"Amat Allah Abd Allah","category_name":"Muhammad (PBUH)","category_slug":"Muhammad-(PBUH)","get_date":"2014-12-11","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx"},{"id":3069,"title":"L'ultimo sermone del Profeta Muhammad: un'Ammonizione Finale","slug":"lultimo-sermone-del-profeta-muhammad-unammonizione-finale","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/it-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/it-Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Last Sermon.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:lultimo-sermone-del-profeta-muhammad-unammonizione-finale","hint":"","body":"

L'ultimo sermone del Profeta Muhammad: un'Ammonizione Finale<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Il nostro Amato Profeta Muhammad - su di lui siano la Pace e le benedizioni d'Iddio - nacque a Mecca, nella Penisola Araba (nell'attuale Arabia Saudita), nel 570 d.C. circa. Egli è un esempio per tutta l'umanità: fu un uomo la cui virtù risplende a tutt'oggi a distanza di secoli. Egli eccelse in tutti gli ambiti della sua esistenza, essendo ad un tempo profeta, legislatore, filosofo, oratore, guerriero, marito, padre, nonno, amico, e così via. Fu un uomo colmo di di amore, di pazienza, di coraggio, di saggezza, di generosità, d'intelligenza e di magnanimità, che ispirò milioni di persone nel mondo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dice Iddio nel Nobile Corano, sul suo conto:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«E non ti inviammo se non come misericordia per i mondi» (21:107)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

La sua missione profetica ebbe inizio quando egli aveva quarant'anni, nel 610 circa, e continuò fino al 632: in virtù di essa, l'umanità fu condotta dalle tenebre dell'ignoranza alla luce della retta Via, e fu benedetta dalla Guida dell'Altissimo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Poco prima della sua morte, il Profeta Muhammad pronunciò il suo ultimo sermone durante il Hajj, il quale fu poi ricordato come l'«Ultimo Sermone». Questo non rappresentò solamente un ultimo richiamo per i suoi seguaci, ma anche un'importante ammonimento, che sanciva il termine della stessa missione profetica.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Il decimo anno dopo l'égira del Profeta [l'emigrazione dalla Mecca a Medina, avvenuta circa nel 622] è considerato uno degli anni più importanti della sua vita, per almeno tre ragioni. In primo luogo, questo fu l'anno in cui egli pronunciò il suo «Ultimo Sermone» durante il suo «Pellegrinaggio dell'Addio» a Mecca. In secondo luogo, fu l'anno in cui numerose rappresentanze tribali della Penisola Araba raggiunsero il Profeta per testimoniare il proprio Islam, insieme a quello delle loro tribù. Infine, fu il periodo d'oro dell'Islam, durante il quale moltissime persone abbracciarono la Religione di Dio, accettando il messaggio del Profeta.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Il «Pellegrinaggio dell'Addio» si svolse del decimo anno dopo l'égira, e per i Musulmani rappresenta uno degli eventi storici più importanti, poiché si tratta del primo ed ultimo pellegrinaggio compiuto dal Profeta Muhammad, e rappresenta perciò il modello per compiere il quinto pilastro dell'Islam - il Hajj, appunto<\/span><\/p>\r\n

L'«Ultimo Sermone» fu pronunciato ad 'Arafa nel nono giorno di Dhu l-Hijja, il dodicesimo mese del calendario lunare, nel giorno più benedetto dell'anno, alla presenza di innumerevoli Musulmani.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

L'Ultimo Sermone<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Dopo aver lodato e ringraziato Iddio, il Profeta disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«O Gente, prestatemi attenzione, poiché non so se dopo quest'anno, mi troverò ancora tra voi. Perciò ascoltate molto attentamente ciò che vi dico, e trasmettete queste parole a coloro che non sono presenti oggi.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Gente, così come guardate a questo mese, a questo giorno ed a questa città come sacri, allo stesso modo guardate alla vita ed alla proprietà di ogni Musulmano come sacri. Restituite i beni che vi sono stati affidati in deposito ai loro legittimi proprietari. Non offendete nessuno, di modo che nessuno vi offenda. Ricordate che invero incontrerete il vostro Signore, e che invero egli farà il bilancio delle vostre opere. Iddio vi ha proibito di praticare l'usura (riba), perciò d'ora in poi dovrete rinunciare ad ogni interesse sui prestiti, pur recuperando comunque tutto il vostro capitale. Non infliggerete né danno né ingiustizia. [..]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Fate attenzione a Satana, per la salvezza della vostra religione. Egli ha ormai persono ogni speranza di farvi deviare, per ciò che riguarda le questioni principali, dunque fate attenzione a non seguirlo per ciò che riguarda quelle secondari.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Gente, è vero che avete determinati diritti nei confronti delle vostre donne, ma anche loro ne hanno nei vostri. Ricordate che le avete prese come spose, solo tramite un patto di fiducia dinanzi a Dio, e col Suo permesso. Se esse rispettano i vostri diritti, voi rispettate il loro diritto ad essere nutrite e vestite con premura. Trattate bene le vostre donne e siate gentili con loro, poiché sono le vostre compagne ed il vostro sostegno. Ed è vostro diritti che esse non stringano alcuna amicizia con coloro che voi disapprovate, e che non siano mai impudiche.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Gente, ascoltatemi attentamente, adorate Iddio, compite le vostre cinque preghiere quotidiane, digiunate durante il mese di Ramadan, elargite la Zakat, ed effettuate il Hajj, se ne avete la possibilità.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Tutta l'umanità proviene da Adamo ed Eva. Un Arabo non è superiore ad un non-Arabo, né un non-Araba è superiore ad un Arabo; il bianco non è superiore al nero, né il nero è superiore al bianco; [nessuno è superiore ad un altro] se non per il timore di Dio e per le sue buone azioni. Sappiate che ogni Musulmano è fratello di ogni Musulmano, e che i Musulmani sono legati da un'unica fratellanza. Nulla di ciò che spetta ad un Musulmano può essere attribuito ad un altro Musulmano, se non tramite uno scambio libero e consapevole. Dunque, non compite ingiustizia a voi stessi.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ricordate, un giorno comparirete dinanzi a Dio e risponderete delle vostre opere. Dunque fate attenzione, e non abbandonate la retta via, dopo che io me ne sarò andato.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Gente, né un profeta né un inviato verranno più dopo di me, e nessuna nuova fede nascerà. Ragionate bene dunque, e comprendete ciò che vi dico: lascio dietro di me due cose, il Corano ed il mio esempio (Sunnah), e se li seguirete non sarete mai sviati.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Tutti coloro che le hanno ascoltate da me, trasmetteranno le mie parole ad altri, e così faranno questi a loro volta; e può darsi che coloro che riceveranno le mie parole le comprenderanno meglio di coloro che le hanno potute ascoltare direttamente. Che Tu mi sia Testimone, o Dio, che ho trasmesso il Tuo messaggio al mio popolo».<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Così concluse il suo ultimo sermone il Profeta Muhammad, la pace sia su di lui, e discese dunque la Rivelazione:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«In questo giorno ho completato per voi la vostra Religione, ho completato la Mia Grazia su di voi, ed ho scelto per voi l'Islam come religione..» (Quran 5:3)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

A tutt'oggi l'ultimo sermone del Profeta è trasmesso a tutti i Musulmani, come patrimonio comune, nelle moschee, nelle letture, e con qualsiasi possibile mezzo di comunicazione. Invero ciò che viene affrontato al suo interno è stupefacente, poiché tocca da vicino tutti i principali diritti che Dio ha nei confronti degli uomini, e che gli uomini hanno tra di loro. Benché il Profeta  abbia fisicamente lasciato questo mondo, le Sue parole sono ancora ben vive nei nostri cuori.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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