{"title":"Ibrahim Khalil Philobus","author":{"id":3068,"name":"Ibrahim Khalil Philobus","slug":"ibrahim_khalil_philobus","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":"","promote":0,"status":1,"created_at":"2014-10-09T08:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2014-10-09T08:00:00.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"Ibrahim Khalil Philobus"},"books":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/isl\/api\/authors\/3068?books_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/isl\/api\/authors\/3068?books_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/isl\/api\/authors\/3068?books_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/isl\/api\/authors\/3068","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"videos":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/isl\/api\/authors\/3068?videos_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/isl\/api\/authors\/3068?videos_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/isl\/api\/authors\/3068?videos_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/isl\/api\/authors\/3068","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"audios":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/isl\/api\/authors\/3068?audios_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/isl\/api\/authors\/3068?audios_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/isl\/api\/authors\/3068?audios_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/index.php\/isl\/api\/authors\/3068","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"articles":{"current_page":1,"data":[{"id":2405,"title":"Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary","slug":"philobus-egyptian-coptic-priest-and-missionary","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:philobus-egyptian-coptic-priest-and-missionary","hint":"","body":"

Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (part 1 of 2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

Al-Haj Ibrahim Khalil Ahmad, formerly Ibrahim Khalil Philobus, was an Egyptian Coptic priest who studied theology and obtained a high degree from Princeton University.  He studied Islam to find gaps to attack it; instead he embraced Islam with his four children, one of whom is now a brilliant professor in Sorbonne University, Paris France.  In an interesting way, he reveals himself saying:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“I was born in Alexandria on the 13th of January 1919 and was sent to the American Mission schools until I got my secondary education certificate there.  In 1942 I got my diploma from Asiut University and then I specialized in religious studies as a prelude to join the Faculty of Theology.  It was no easy task to join the faculty, as no candidate could join it unless he got a special recommendation from the church, and also, after he should pass a number of difficult exams.  I got a recommendation from Al-Attareen Church in Alexandria and another from the Church Assembly of Lower Egypt after passing many tests to know my qualifications to become a man of religion.  Then I got a third recommendation from Snodus Church Assembly which included priests from Sudan and Egypt.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Snodus sanctioned my entrance into the Faculty of Theology in 1944 as a boarding student.  There I studied at the hands of American and Egyptian teachers until my graduation in 1948.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I was supposed, he continued, to be appointed in Jerusalem, had it not been for the war that broke out in Palestine that same year, so I was sent to Asna in Upper Egypt.  That same year I registered for a thesis at the American University in Cairo.  It was about the missionary activities among Muslims.  My acquaintance with Islam started in the Faculty of Theology where I studied Islam and all the methods through which we could shake the faith of Muslims and raise misconceptions in their understanding of their own religion.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In 1952 I got my M.A. from Princeton University in U.S.A. and was appointed as a teacher in the Faculty of Theology in Asiut.  I used to teach Islam in the faculty as well as the faulty misconceptions spread by its enemies and the missionaries against it.  During that period, I decided to enlarge my study of Islam so that I should not read the missionaries books on it only.  I had so much faith in myself that I was confirmed to read the other point of view.  Thus I began to read books written by Muslim authors.  I also decided to read the Quran and understand its meanings.  This was implied by my love of knowledge and moved by my desire to add more proofs against Islam.  The result was, however, exactly the reverse.  My position began to shake and I started to feel an internal strong struggle, and I discovered the falsehood of everything I had studied and preached to the people.  But I could not face myself bravely and tried instead to overcome this internal crisis and continue my work.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In 1954, Mr. Khalil added, I was sent to Aswan as secretary general of the German Swiss Mission.  That was only my apparent position, for my real mission was to preach against Islam in Upper Egypt especially among Muslims.  A missionary conference was held at that time at Cataract Hotel in Aswan, and I was given the floor to speak.  That day I spoke too much, reiterating all the repeated misconceptions against Islam; and at the end of my speech, the internal crisis came to me again and I started to revise my position.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Continuing his talk about the said crisis, Mr. Khalil said, “I began to ask myself: Why should I say and do all these things which I know for sure I am a liar, as this is not the truth?  I took my leave before the end of the conference and went out alone to my house.  I was completely shaken.  As I walked through Firyal public garden, I heard a verse of the Quran on the radio.  It said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Say: It has been revealed to me that a company of Jinns listened (to the Quran).  They said: We have really heard a wonderful recital!  It gives guidance to the Right, and we have believed therein: We shall not join (in worship) any gods with our Lord.” (Quran 72:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And as for us, since we have listened to the Guidance, we have accepted it: and any one who believes in His Lord, has no fear of either a short (account) or of any injustice.” (Quran 72:13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

I felt a deep comfort that night, and when I returned home I spent the whole night all by myself in my library reading the Quran.  My wife inquired from me about the reason of my sitting up all night and I pleaded from her to leave me alone.  I stopped for a long time thinking and meditating on the verse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Had We sent down this Quran on a mountain, verily thou wouldst have seen it humble itself and cleave asunder for fear of God...” (Quran 59:21)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

And the verse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Strongest among men in enmity to the believers wilt thou find the Jews and the Pagans, and nearest among them in love to the believers wilt thou find those who say, ‘We are Christians’: Because amongst these are men devoted to learning.  And men who have renounced the world, and they are not arrogant.  And when they listen to the revelation received by the Messenger, thou wilt see their eyes overflowing with tears, for they recognize the truth: They pray: ‘Our Lord!  We believe, write us down among the witnesses.  What cause can we have not to believe in God and the truth which has come to us, seeing that we long for our Lord to admit us to the company of the righteous?’” (Quran 5:82-84)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Mr. Khalil then quoted a third quotation from the Holy Quran which says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Those who follow the Messenger, the unlettered prophet, whom they find mentioned in their own (Scriptures), in the Taurat and in the Gospel; for he commands them what is just and forbids them what is evil; he allows them as lawful what is good (and pure) and prohibits them what is bad (and impure): He releases them from their heavy burdens and from the yokes that are upon them.  So it is those who believe in him, honor him, help him and follow the light which is sent down with him, it is they who will prosper.  Say: O men!  I am sent unto you all, as the Messenger of God, to Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth: there is no god but He: It is He that giveth both life and death.  So believe in God and His Messenger.  The unlettered Prophet, who believeth in God and His Words: follow Him that (so) you may be guided.” (Quran 7:157-158)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (part 2 of 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Now that same night, Mr. Khalil dramatically concluded:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“I took my final decision.  In the morning I spoke with my wife from whom I have three sons and one daughter.  But no sooner than she felt that I was inclined to embrace Islam than she cried and asked for help from the head of the mission.  His name was Monsieur Shavits from Switzerland.  He was a very cunning man.  When he asked me about my true attitude, I told him frankly what I really wanted and then he said: Regard yourself out of job until we discover what has befallen you.  Then I said: This is my resignation from my job.  He tried to convince me to postpone it, but I insisted.  So he made a rumor among the people that I became mad.  Thus I suffered a very severe test and oppression until I left Aswan for good and returned to Cairo.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

When he was asked about the circumstances to his conversion he replied: “In Cairo, I was introduced to a respectable professor who helped me overcome my severe trial, and this he did without knowing anything about my story.  He treated me as a Muslim, for I introduced myself to him as such although until then I did not embrace Islam officially.  That was Dr. Muhammad Abdul Moneim Al Jamal, the then undersecretary of treasury.  He was highly interested in Islamic studies and wanted to make a translation of the Holy Quran to be published in America.  He asked me to help him because I was fluent in English since I had got my M.A. from an American University.  He also knew that I was preparing a comparative study of the Quran, the Torah and the Bible.  We cooperated in this comparative study and in the translation of the Quran.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

When Dr. Jamal knew that I had resigned from my job in Aswan and that I was then unemployed, he helped me with a job in Standard Stationery Company in Cairo.  So I was well established after a short while.  I did not tell my wife about my intention to embrace Islam, thus she thought that I had forgotten the whole affair, and that it was nothing but a transitory crisis that no more existed.  But I knew quite well that my official conversion to Islam needs long complicated measures, and it was in fact a battle which I preferred to postpone for some time until I became well off and after I completed my comparative study.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Then Mr. Khalil continued:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“In 1955 I did complete my study and my material and living affairs became well established.  I resigned from the company and set up a training office for importing stationery and school articles.  It was a successful business from which I gained much more money than I needed.  Thus I decided to declare my official conversion to Islam.  On the 25th of December 1959, I sent a telegram to Dr. Thompson, head of the American Mission in Egypt informing him that I had embraced Islam.  When I told my true story to Dr. Jamal he was completely astonished.  When I declared my conversion to Islam, new troubles began.  Seven of my former colleagues in the mission had tried their best to persuade me to cancel my declaration, but I refused.  They threatened to separate me from my wife and I said: She is free to do as she wishes.  They threatened to kill me.  But when they found me to be stubborn they left me alone and sent to me an old friend of mine who was also a colleague of mine in the mission.  He wept very much in front of me.  So I recited before him the following verses from the Quran:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And when they listen to the revelation received by the Messenger, thou wilt see their eyes overflowing with tears, for they  recognize the truth: They pray: ‘Our Lord!  We believe, write us down among the witnesses.  What cause can we have not to believe in God and the truth which has come to us, seeing that we long for our Lord to admit us to the company of the righteous?’” (Quran 5:83-84)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

I said to him:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“You should have wept in humiliation to God on hearing the Quran and believe in the truth which you know but you refuse.  He stood up and left me as he saw no use.  My official conversion to Islam was in January 1960.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Mr. Khalil was then asked about the attitude of his wife and children and he answered:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“My wife left me at that time and took with her all the furniture of our house.  But all my children joined me and embraced Islam.  The most enthusiastic among them was my eldest son Isaac who changed his name to Osman, then my second son Joseph and my son Samuel, whose name is Jamal, and daughter Majida who is now called Najwa.  Osman is now a doctor of philosophy working as a professor in Sorbonne University in Paris teaching oriental studies and psychology.  He also writes in ‘Le Monde’ magazine.  As in regards to my wife, she left the house for six years and agreed to come back in 1966, provided that she keeps her religion.  I accepted this, because in Islam there is no compulsion in religion.  I said to her: I do not want you to become a Muslim for my sake but only after you are convinced.  She feels now that she believes in Islam but she cannot declare this for fear of her family, but we treat her as a Muslim woman, and she fasts in Ramadan because all my children pray and fast.  My daughter Najwa is a student in the Faculty of Commerce, Joseph is a doctor pharmacologist and Jamal is an engineer.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

During this period, that is since 1961 until the present time, I have been able to publish a number of books on Islam and the methods of the missionaries and the orientalists against it.  I am now preparing a comparative study about women in the three Divine religions with the object of highlighting the status of women in Islam.  In 1973, I performed Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) and I am doing activities preaching Islam.  I hold seminars in the universities and charitable societies.  I received an invitation from Sudan in 1974 where I held many seminars.  My time is fully used in the service of Islam.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Finally Mr. Khalil was asked about the salient features of Islam which have attracted his attention most.  And he answered:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“My faith in Islam has been brought about through reading the Holy Quran and the biography of Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him.  I no longer believed in the misconceptions against Islam, and I am especially attracted by the concept of unity of God, which is the most important feature of Islam.  God is only One.  Nothing is like Him.  This belief makes me the servant of God only and of no one else.  Oneness of God liberates man from servitude to any human being and that is true freedom.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I also like very much the rule of forgiveness in Islam and the direct relationship between God and His servants.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Say: O my servants who have transgressed against their souls!  despair not of the Mercy of God: for God forgives all sins: for He is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.  Turn ye to your Lord (in repentance) and submit to Him before the Chastisement comes on you: After that ye shall not be helped.” (Quran 39:53-54)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13380,"lft":4583,"rght":4596,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-10-10T02:28:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-06T15:31:07.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":3068,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"Ibrahim Khalil Philobus","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-10-10","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.docx"},{"id":2406,"title":"Philobus, Sacerdote egipcio copto y misionero","slug":"philobus-sacerdote-egipcio-copto-y-misionero","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:philobus-sacerdote-egipcio-copto-y-misionero","hint":"","body":"

Philobus, Sacerdote egipcio copto y misionero<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(parte 1 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Al-Hayy Ibrahim Khalil Ahmad, anteriormente Ibrahim Khalil Philobus, era un sacerdote copto egipcio que estudió teología y obtuvo un alto grado de la Universidad de Princeton. Estudió el Islam para encontrar algo con que atacarlo; en cambio terminó abrazando el Islam con sus cuatro hijos, uno de los cuales es ahora un brillante profesor de la Universidad Sorbonne, en París, Francia. En un modo interesante, se revela a si mismo diciendo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Nací en Alejandría el 31 de enero de 1919 y fui enviado a las escuelas de Misión Americana hasta que obtuve allí mi certificado de educación secundaria. En 1942 obtuve mi diploma de la Universidad Asiut y me especialicé en los estudios religiosos como preludio para unirme a la Facultad de Teología. No fue una tarea fácil unirme a la facultad, ya que ningún candidato podía unirse a no ser que tuviese una recomendación especial de la iglesia, por lo tanto, después de pasar una cantidad de exámenes. Obtuve la recomendación de la Iglesia Al-Attarin en Alejandría y otra de la Asamblea de Iglesias de Egipto después de pasar muchas pruebas para saber mis calificaciones para convertirme en un hombre de religión. Luego obtuve una tercera recomendación de la Asamblea de la Iglesia del Sínodo que incluía sacerdotes de Sudán y Egipto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

El Sínodo dictaminó mi entrada en la facultad de teología en 1944 como un estudiante pensionado. Allí estudié con profesores norteamericanos y egipcios hasta mi graduación en 1948.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Se suponía, continuó, que iría  a Jerusalén, si no hubiese sido por la Guerra en Palestina ese mismo año, entonces fui a Asna en el norte de Egipto. El mismo año me registré para una tesis en la Universidad Norteamericana del Cairo. Era acerca de las actividades misioneras entre los musulmanes. Mi encuentro con el Islam comenzó en la facultad de teología donde estudié el Islam y todos los métodos por los cuales podríamos sacudir la fe de los musulmanes y proponer conceptos errados de la comprensión de su propia religión.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

En 1952 obtuve mi título de la Universidad de Princeton en USA. Y me designaron profesor de la facultad de teología en Asiut. Enseñaba Islam en la facultad también así como también los falsos conceptos desparramados por sus enemigos y los misioneros en contra de él. Durante este período, decidí ampliar mis estudios acerca del Islam para no leer solo los libros de los misioneros. Me tenía tanta fe que decidí leer el otro punto de vista. De este modo comencé a leer libros escritos por autores musulmanes. También decidí leer el Corán ycomprender su significado. Esto debido a mi sed de conocimiento y por mi deseo de sumar más pruebas en contra del Islam. El resultado fue, sin embargo, exactamente el contrario. Mi posición comenzó a temblar y comencé a sentir una fuerte lucha interna, y descubrí la falsedad de todo lo que había estudiado y predicado a la gente. Pero no pude enfrentarme a mi mismo y por el contrario intenté sobreponerme a esta crisis interna y continué con mi trabajo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

En 1954, fui enviado a Aswan como secretario general de la Misión Suizo Alemana. Esta era solo mi posición aparente, ya que mi misión real era predicar en contra del Islam en Egipto especialmente entre los musulmanes. Una conferencia misionera se desarrollé en ese momento en el Hotel Catarct en Aswan, y tuve la oportunidad de hablar. Ese día hablé demasiado, reiterando todos los errores  en contra del Islam; y al final de mi discurso, percibí nuevamente una crisis interna y comencé a revisar mi posición.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Continuando su charla acerca de la crisis, el Sr. Khalil dijo: “Comencé a preguntarme a mi mismo: ¿Por qué debería decir todas estas cosas que sé que son mentiras? Dejé la conferencia antes de que finalice y me retiré a mi hogar. Estaba completamente aturdido. Caminando por el jardín Firyal, escuché un verso del Corán en la radio. Decía:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Diles [a los hombres ¡Oh, Muhámmad!]: Me ha sido revelado que un grupo de genios dijeron al escuchar [la recitación del Corán]: Por cierto que hemos oído una recitación maravillosa que guía al sendero recto. Creemos en él [el Corán] y no asociaremos coparticipes a nuestro Señor.” (Corán 72:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Y cuando oímos la guía creímos. Y quien crea en su Señor no tendrá que temer daño alguno ni injusticia.” (Corán 72:13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Sentí un fuerte consuelo esa noche, y cuando regresé a mi hogar pasé la noche entera solo en la biblioteca leyendo el Corán. Mi esposa me preguntó porque lo había hecho y le pedí que me dejara en soledad. Pasé un largo tiempo pensando y meditando el verso:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Si hubiéramos hecho descender este Corán sobre una montaña, la habrías visto temblar y derrumbarse por temor a Dios. Así exponemos a los hombres los ejemplos para que reflexionen.” (Corán 59:21)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Y el verso:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Encontrarás que los peores enemigos de los creyentes son los judíos y los idólatras, y los más allegados a ellos en afecto son quienes dicen: Somos cristianos. Esto es porque entre ellos hay sacerdotes y monjes [sabios y desapegados], y por que no son soberbios. Y cuando oyen lo que le ha sido revelado al Mensajero ves que sus ojos se inundan de lágrimas porque reconocen la Verdad. Dicen: ¡Señor nuestro! Creemos, cuéntanos pues, entre quienes son testigos [de la Verdad]. ¿Y por qué no habríamos de creer en Dios y en lo que nos ha llegado de la Verdad si anhelamos que nuestro Señor nos introduzca [al Paraíso] con los justos?” (Corán 5:82-84)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

El Sr. Khalil luego comentó una tercera acotación del Sagrado Corán que dice:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Aquellos que siguen al Mensajero y Profeta iletrado [Muhámmad], quien se encontraba mencionado en la Tora y el Evangelio, que les ordena el bien y les prohíbe el mal, les permite todo lo beneficioso y les prohíbe lo perjudicial, y les abroga los preceptos difíciles que pesaban sobre ellos [la Gente del Libro]; y quienes crean en él, lo secunden, defiendan y sigan la luz que le ha sido revelada [el Corán] serán quienes tengan éxito. Di: ¡Oh, hombres! En verdad soy el Mensajero de Dios para todos vosotros. A Él pertenece el reino de los cielos y de la Tierra; no hay más divinidad que Él, da la vida y la muerte; creed pues, en Dios y en Su Mensajero y Profeta iletrado, quien cree en Dios y en Sus palabras [todos los Libros revelados anteriormente], y seguidle, pues así os encaminaréis.” (Corán 7:157-158)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (parte 2 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Esa misma noche, el Sr. Khalil concluyó dramáticamente:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Tome mi decisión final. Por la mañana hablé con mi esposa con la cual tengo tres hijos y una hija. Pero en cuanto sintió que yo me inclinaba a abrazar el Islam, ella lloró y pidió ayuda al presidente de la misión. Su nombre era Monsieur Shavits de Suiza. Era un hombre muy astuto. Cuando me preguntó acerca de mi verdadera actitud, le dije francamente lo que realmente quería y luego me dijo: Considérese despedido hasta que descubramos lo que le ocurre. Luego le dije: esta es mi renuncia. Intentó convencerme para que la pospusiera, pero insistí. Entonces rumoreó entre la gente que yo me había vuelto loco. Luego sufrí una severa prueba y opresión hasta que abandoné Aswan y regresé al Cairo”.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Cuando se le preguntó acerca de las circunstancias de su conversión el contestó: “En el Cairo, me presentaron a un respetado profesor quien me ayudó a sobreponerme de esta severa prueba, y lo hizo sin saber nada acerca de mi historia. Me trató como un musulmán, ya que me presenté como tal hasta ese momento no había abrazado el Islam oficialmente. El era el Dr. Muhammad Abdul Moneim Al-Yamal, el subsecretario del tesoro de ese momento. Estaba muy interesado en los estudios del Islam y quería realizar una traducción del Sagrado Corán para ser publicado en Norteamérica. Me lo pidió a mí porque yo hablaba inglés con fluidez ya que había obtenido mi título de una Universidad Norteamericana. También sabía que estaba preparando un estudio comparativo del Corán, la Tora y la Biblia. Cooperamos en este estudio comparativo y en la traducción del Corán.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Cuando el Dr. Yamal supo que había renunciado a mi trabajo en Aswan y que me encontraba desempleado, me ayudó a conseguir un trabajo en la Compañía Standard Stationery en el Cairo.  Por lo tanto pude establecerme después de un corto tiempo. No le comenté a mi esposa acerca de la intención de abrazar el Islam, por lo tanto pensó que me había olvidado del asunto, y que estaba pasando por una crisis transitoria que ya no existía. Pero yo sabía muy bien que mi conversión oficial al Islam tendría grandes medidas complicadas, y era de hecho una batalla que preferí posponer por un tiempo hasta que estuve bien después de completar mi estudio comparativo”.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Luego continúo el Sr. Khalil:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“En 1955 completé mi estudio y mi material y me establecí. Renuncié a la compañía y monté una oficina de entrenamiento para importar  artículos de papelería y artículos escolares. El negocio fue un éxito y gané mucho más dinero del que necesitaba. De este modo decidí declarar oficialmente mi conversión al Islam. El 25 de Diciembre de 1959, le envié un telegrama al Sr. Thompson, presidente de la Misión Norteamericana en Egipto informándole que había abrazado el Islam. Cuando le conté mi verdadera historia al Dr. Yamal él se sorprendió. Cuando declaré mi conversión al Islam, comenzaron los problemas. Siete de mis antiguos colegas en la misión intentaron persuadirme para que cancelara mi declaración, pero me negué. Amenazaron separarme de mi esposa y yo les dije: ella es libre de hacer lo que desee. Amenazaron con matarme. Pero cuando se dieron cuenta de que era testarudo dejaron de molestarme y me enviaron a un antiguo amigo mío también colega en la misión. El lloró delante de mí. Por lo tanto recite frente a él el siguiente verso del Corán:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Y cuando oyen lo que le ha sido revelado al Mensajero ves que sus ojos se inundan de lágrimas porque reconocen la Verdad. Dicen: ¡Señor nuestro! Creemos, cuéntanos pues, entre quienes son testigos [de la Verdad]. ¿Y por qué no habríamos de creer en Alá y en lo que nos ha llegado de la Verdad si anhelamos que nuestro Señor nos introduzca [al Paraíso] con los justos?” (Corán 5:83-84)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le dije:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Deberías llorar humildemente ante Dios al oír el Corán y creer en la verdad que sabes pero rechazas. Se paró y me dejó ya que vio que no había manera de hacerme volver sobre mis pasos. Mi conversión oficial al Islam se realizó en Enero de 1960”.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

El Sr. Khalil fue interrogado por la actitud de su esposa e hijos y respondió:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Mi esposa me dejó en ese momento y se llevó con ella todos los muebles de nuestra casa. Pero mis hijos se unieron a mí y abrazaron el Islam. El mas entusiasta entre ellos fue mi hijo mayor Isaac quien cambió su nombre a Ozman, luego mi segundo hijo Joseph y mi hijo pequeño Samuel, cuyo nombre es ahora Yamal, y mi hija Máyida que se llama ahora Naywa.  Ozman es ahora doctor en filosofía y trabaja como profesor de la Universidad de Sorbonne en Paris, enseña estudios orientales y psicología. También escribe en la revista ‘Le Monde’. Con respecto a mi esposa, se fue por seis años y acordó regresar en 1966, con la condición de continuar con su religión. Acepté esto, porque en el Islam no se puede imponer la religión. Le dije a ella: no quiero que te conviertas en musulmanes por mi, sino cuando estés convencida. Ella siente ahora que cree en el Islam pero no puede declarar esto por miedo a su familia, pero la tratamos como musulmana, ella ayuna en Ramadán porque todos mis hijos rezan y ayunan. Mi hija Naywa estudia en la Facultad de Comercio, Joseph es doctor farmacéutico y Yamal es ingeniero.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Durante este periodo, desde 1961 hasta el presente, pude publicar una cantidad de libros sobre el Islam y los métodos de los misioneros y los orientalistas en su contra. Me encuentro ahora preparando un estudio comparativo acerca de la mujer en las tres religiones divinas con el objeto de destacar el estatus de la mujer musulmana. En 1973, realicé el Hayy (peregrinación a La Meca) y estoy predicando el Islam. Realicé seminarios en Universidades y sociedades caritativas. Recibí una invitación de Sudan en 1974 donde asistí a muchos seminarios. Mi tiempo es utilizado por completo en servicio del Islam”.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Finalmente el Sr. Khalil fue preguntado acerca de los hechos sobresalientes del Islam que han atraído la atención de la mayoría. Y contestó:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Mi fe en el Islam ha tenido lugar a través de la lectura del Sagrado Corán y la Biografía del Profeta Muhammad, que la paz y las bendiciones de Dios lo acompañen. Ya no creo en los conceptos errados en contra del Islam, y me atrae especialmente el concepto de la unicidad de Dios, que es la característica más importante del Islam. Dios es solo Uno. Nada es como Él. Esta creencia me convierte en el servidor de Dios y de nadie más. La unicidad de Dios libera al hombre de la servidumbre de cualquier ser humano y esa es la verdadera libertad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

También me interesa mucho la regla de perdón en el Islam y la relación directa entre Dios y Sus servidores.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Diles [¡Oh, Muhámmad! a quienes transmitan Mi Mensaje que Yo digo]: ¡Oh, siervos Míos! Vosotros que os habéis excedido [cometiendo pecados] en detrimento propio, no desesperéis de la misericordia de Dios; por cierto que Alá puede perdonar todos los pecados, porque Él es Absolvedor, Misericordioso. Arrepentíos ante vuestro Señor y someteos a Él, antes de que os sorprenda el castigo, y entonces no seáis socorridos.” (Corán 39:53-54)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":12274,"lft":4584,"rght":4585,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-10-10T02:28:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-06T19:17:53.000000Z","language_id":12,"user_id":7,"author_id":3068,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":2405,"author_name":"Ibrahim Khalil Philobus","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-10-10","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.docx"},{"id":2407,"title":"Philobus, pr\u00eatre copte \u00e9gyptien et missionnaire","slug":"philobus-prtre-copte-gyptien-et-missionnaire","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:philobus-prtre-copte-gyptien-et-missionnaire","hint":"","body":"

Philobus, prêtre copte égyptien et missionnaire<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (partie 1 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Al-Hajj Ibrahim Khalil Ahmad, autrefois Ibrahim Khalil Philobus, était un prêtre égyptien copte qui avait étudié la théologie et obtenu un diplôme de 3e<\/sup>cycle de l’Université de Princeton.  Il avait étudié l’islam dans l’unique but d’y trouver des faiblesses qu’il pourrait ensuite attaquer.  Mais il finit plutôt par se convertir à cette religion avec ses quatre enfants, dont l’un est aujourd’hui un brillant professeur de l’Université de la Sorbonne, à Paris.  C’est ainsi qu’il parle de lui-même :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Je suis né dans la ville d’Alexandrie le 13 janvier 1919.  Mes parents m’envoyèrent dans une école missionnaire américaine où j’obtins mon diplôme d’études secondaires.  En 1942, j’obtins mon diplôme de l’Université Asiut, puis je me spécialisai dans les études religieuses pour pouvoir m’inscrire à la Faculté de Théologie.  Ce ne fut pas chose facile que d’entrer à cette Faculté, car aucun candidat ne pouvait espérer y entrer à moins d’obtenir une recommandation spéciale de l’église et de réussir avec succès une série d’examens difficiles.  J’obtins une recommandation de l’église al-Attarine, à Alexandrie, et une autre de l’Assemblée chrétienne du Sud de l’Égypte après avoir passé plusieurs examens visant à évaluer mes qualifications.  Enfin, j’obtins une troisième recommandation de l’Assemblée chrétienne Snodus, qui comprenait des prêtres du Soudan et d’Égypte.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

L’Assemblée Snodus autorisa mon entrée à la Faculté de Théologie en 1944 en tant que pensionnaire.  J’y étudiai sous la direction de professeurs américains et égyptiens jusqu’à l’obtention de mon diplôme, en 1948.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

J’étais censé être envoyé à Jérusalem, mais la guerre éclata cette même année, en Palestine; alors on m’envoya à Asna, dans le Nord de l’Égypte.  La même année, je m’inscrivis à l’Université américaine du Caire pour y faire une thèse sur les activités missionnaires auprès des musulmans.  Ma première rencontre avec l’islam eut lieu à la Faculté de Théologie, où j’étudiai l’islam et toutes les méthodes par lesquelles il était possible d’ébranler la foi des musulmans et introduire des idées fausses dans leur compréhension de leur propre religion.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

En 1952, j’obtins une maîtrise de l’Université de Princeton, aux États-Unis, et on m’offrit un poste d’enseignant à la Faculté de Théologie d’Asiut.  J’y enseignait également l’islam, ou plutôt les idées reçues que propageaient ses ennemis et les missionnaires à son sujet.  C’est durant cette période que je décidai, un jour, d’élargir mon étude de l’islam et de ne plus me restreindre aux seuls ouvrages écrits par des missionnaires.  J’avais si confiance en ma foi chrétienne que je ne ressentais aucune crainte à l’idée d’aller explorer d’autres points de vue.  Je me mis donc à lire des ouvrages rédigés par des musulmans.   Je décidai également de lire le Coran et d’étudier le sens de ses versets.  Tout cela, je le fis, d’abord, par amour du savoir et par désir de trouver de nouvelles preuves contre l’islam.  Le résultat, toutefois, fut contraire à toutes mes attentes.  Ces lectures ébranlèrent mes certitudes et je me retrouvai en proie à une violente lutte intérieure, car je venais de découvrir la fausseté de tout ce que j’avais étudié et prêché aux gens.  Cependant, je n’étais pas assez brave pour regarder la réalité en face et c’est pourquoi je m’efforçai de surmonter cette crise intérieure et de poursuivre mon travail.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

En 1954, on m’envoya à Aswan pour y occuper un poste de secrétaire général de la Mission suisse-allemande.  Ce poste était en réalité une couverture, car ma véritable mission consistait à prêcher contre l’islam dans le Nord de l’Égypte, surtout chez les musulmans.  Durant cette même période, une conférence missionnaire eut lieu à l’Hôtel Cataract, à Aswan, et on me demanda d’y prononcer un discours.  Ce jour-là, je parlai trop; je répétai toutes les idées fausses contre l’islam et, à la fin de mon discours, mon combat intérieur remonta à la surface et je me mis, en moi-même, à réviser mes positions.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Je me demandais : pourquoi dois-je dire toutes ces choses alors que je sais qu’elles sont fausses et qu’elles font de moi un menteur?  Je quittai avant la fin de la conférence et retournai chez moi, seul.  J’étais complètement ébranlé.  En chemin, comme je traversais le jardin public Firyal, j’entendis des versets du Coran sortant des haut-parleurs d’une radio :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Dis, (ô Mohammed) : « Il m’a été révélé qu’un groupe de djinns a prêté l’oreille à (ce Coran) et a dit : « Nous avons entendu (réciter) une lecture merveilleuse, qui guide vers la droiture.  Nous y avons cru et nous n’associerons jamais personne à notre Seigneur. » (Coran 72:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Lorsque nous avons entendu le guide, [le Coran], nous y avons cru.  Et quiconque croit en son Seigneur n’a à craindre ni perte (de biens) ni oppression. » (Coran 72:13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ce soir-là, je ressentis un profond bien-être et lorsque j’entrai chez moi, je passai toute la soirée dans ma bibliothèque à lire le Coran.  Mon épouse me demanda pourquoi je restais éveillé si tard, mais je la priai de me laisser seul.  À la lecture du verset ci-dessous, je m’arrêtai de lire et passai un long moment à réfléchir :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Si Nous avions fait descendre ce Coran sur une montagne, tu l’aurais vue, (ô Mohammed), s’humilier et se fendre sous l’effet de la crainte de Dieu. » (Coran 59:21)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

De même que ces versets :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Tu trouveras certainement que les juifs et les idolâtres sont les ennemis les plus acharnés des croyants.  Et tu trouveras que les plus disposés à aimer les croyants sont ceux qui disent : « Nous sommes chrétiens. »  C’est qu’ils comptent parmi eux des prêtres et des moines, et qu’ils ne sont point orgueilleux.  Quand ils écoutent ce qui a été révélé au messager, tu vois leurs yeux déborder de larmes, parce qu’ils ont reconnu la vérité.  Ils disent : « Seigneur !  Nous croyons!  Inscris-nous parmi ceux qui témoignent (de la vérité).  Pourquoi ne croirions-nous pas en Dieu et à ce qui nous est parvenu de la vérité?  Et pourquoi n’aurions-nous pas espoir que notre Seigneur nous fasse entrer [au Paradis] en compagnie des gens vertueux? » (Coran 5:82-84)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Et ceux-ci :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« ... de même qu’à ceux qui suivent le messager, le Prophète illettré qu’ils trouvent mentionné dans la Torah et l’Évangile qu’ils possèdent déjà.  Il leur enjoint le bien, leur interdit ce qui est blâmable, leur rend licites les bonnes choses, leur interdit les mauvaises et les libère de leur fardeau et des chaînes qui les entravent. Ceux qui croiront en lui, qui l’honoreront, qui l’assisteront et qui suivront la lumière descendue avec lui, ceux-là  réussiront. »  Dis, (ô Mohammed) : « Ô hommes!  Certes, je suis pour vous tous le messager de Dieu, à qui appartient le pouvoir suprême sur les cieux et la terre.  Nul ne doit être adoré à part Dieu.  Il donne la vie et Il donne la mort.  Alors croyez en Lui et en Son messager, le prophète illettré qui croit en Dieu et en Ses paroles; suivez-le, peut-être serez-vous bien guidés. » (Coran 7:157-158)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (partie 2 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

« Je finis par prendre une décision.  Au matin, j’en parlai à mon épouse, avec laquelle j’ai eu trois fils et une fille.  Mais dès qu’elle comprit que j’allais probablement me convertir à l’islam, elle se mit à pleurer et courut chercher secours auprès du dirigeant de la mission.  On l’appelait Monsieur Shavits et il était originaire de Suisse.  C’était un homme incroyablement rusé.  Lorsqu’il me demanda ce que je pensais réellement, au fond de moi, je lui répondis très franchement.  Alors il dit : « Considérez-vous comme sans emploi jusqu’à ce que nous découvrions ce qui vous est arrivé exactement. »  Ce à quoi je répondis : « Je vous remets ma démission. ».  Il tenta de me convaincre de la reporter à plus tard, mais j’insistai.  Alors il fit circuler la rumeur selon laquelle j’étais devenu fou.  J’eus à subir une épreuve difficile et une oppression étouffante jusqu’à ce que je quitte Aswan pour de bon et que je retourne au Caire. »<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Lorsqu’on l’interrogea sur les circonstances de sa conversion, il répondit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Au Caire, on me présenta à un respectable professeur qui m’aida à passer au travers cette épreuve sans même s’en rendre compte et sans connaître mon histoire.  Car il me traita comme un musulman dès le départ, puisque je m’étais présenté à lui comme tel, même si je n’avais pas encore embrassé l’islam de façon officielle.  Il s’agissait du docteur Muhammad Abdoul Moneim al-Jamal, et il était alors sous-secrétaire du Trésor.  Il s’intéressait beaucoup aux études islamiques et caressait le rêve de faire une traduction du Coran qui serait publiée en Amérique du Nord.  Comme je parlais couramment l’anglais, ayant obtenu mon diplôme d’une université américaine, il me demanda de l’aider.  Il savait également que je préparais une étude comparée du Coran, de la Torah et de la Bible.  Nous coopérâmes dans ces deux projets.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Lorsque le docteur Jamal apprit que j’avais démissionné de mon poste à Aswan et que j’étais sans emploi, il m’aida à me faire embaucher dans une compagnie de fournitures de bureau du Caire, où je fus confortablement établi en peu de temps.  Je ne reparlai pas à mon épouse de mon intention de me convertir à l’islam et elle croyait, de son côté, que j’avais déjà oublié cette affaire et qu’il ne s’était agi que d’une crise passagère.  Je savais fort bien que ma conversion n’allait pas se faire sans heurts et je préférais remettre cette bataille à plus tard, jusqu’à ce que sois plus à l’aise financièrement et que j’aies terminé mon étude comparée.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Je terminai mon étude en 1955, à un moment où ma situation financière était devenue confortable.  Je remis ma démission et établis une compagnie d’importation d’articles scolaires et de bureau qui fut un succès et qui me permit de gagner plus d’argent que je n’en avais besoin.  C’est alors que je décidai d’annoncer officiellement ma conversion à l’islam.  Le 25 décembre 1959, j’envoyai un télégramme au docteur Thompson, dirigeant de la mission américaine en Égypte, pour lui annoncer que je m’étais converti à l’islam.  Puis, lorsque je racontai toute mon histoire au docteur Jamal, il fut complètement abasourdi.  Après avoir annoncé publiquement ma conversion à l’islam, de nouveaux problèmes surgirent.  Sept de mes anciens collègues de la mission firent tout en leur pouvoir pour me faire changer d’avis, sans succès.  Ils menacèrent de m’éloigner de ma femme, mais je leur fis savoir qu’elle était libre de faire ce qu’elle voulait.  Ils menacèrent de me tuer.  Mais lorsqu’ils virent à quel point je demeurais ferme dans ma décision, ils me laissèrent tranquille et m’envoyèrent un de mes vieux amis, qui était aussi un ancien collègue de la mission.  Il pleura beaucoup devant moi.  Alors je lui récitai les versets suivants :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Quand ils écoutent ce qui a été révélé au messager, tu vois leurs yeux déborder de larmes, parce qu’ils ont reconnu la vérité.  Ils disent : « Seigneur !  Nous croyons!  Inscris-nous parmi ceux qui témoignent (de la vérité).  Pourquoi ne croirions-nous pas en Dieu et à ce qui nous est parvenu de la vérité?  Et pourquoi n’aurions-nous pas espoir que notre Seigneur nous fasse entrer [au Paradis] en compagnie des gens vertueux? »  (Coran 5:83-84)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Je lui dis :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Tu aurais dû pleurer d’humilité devant Dieu en entendant le Coran et croire en cette vérité que tu connais mais que tu rejettes sciemment. »<\/span><\/p>\r\n

  Il se leva et quitta, me laissant seul.  Je me convertis officiellement au mois de janvier 1960. »<\/span><\/p>\r\n

On questionna Khalil sur la réaction de sa femme et de ses enfants :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Au moment où je me suis converti, ma femme m’a quitté et emporté avec elle tous les meubles de la maison.  Mes enfants, quant à eux, se sont tous convertis à l’islam.  Le plus enthousiaste d’entre eux était mon fils aîné, Isaac, qui changea son nom pour Osmane.  Mon second fils, Joseph, conserva son nom, mon fils Samuel s’appelle maintenant Jamal et ma fille Majida a choisi Najwa.  Osmane est maintenant docteur en philosophie et professeur à la Sorbonne, où il enseigne en études orientales et en psychologie.  Il écrit également dans « Le Monde ».  Quant à ma femme, elle a quitté la maison durant six ans et accepté de revenir en 1966, à condition de pouvoir conserver sa religion.  Je lui ai dit : « Je ne veux pas que tu deviennes musulmane pour moi, mais seulement si tu en es sincèrement convaincue. »  Aujourd’hui, elle m’avoue croire en l’islam, mais elle se sent incapable de se convertir par crainte de la réaction de sa famille.  Mais nous, les enfants et moi, la traitons comme une musulmane; elle jeûne le ramadan avec nous, car nous jeûnons et prions tous.  Ma fille Najwa est étudiante à la Faculté de Commerce, Joseph est pharmacien et Jamal est ingénieur. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Depuis 1961 jusqu’à aujourd’hui, j’ai publié quelques ouvrages sur l’islam et sur les méthodes utilisées par les missionnaires et orientalistes pour le réfuter.  En ce moment, je travaille à une étude comparée sur les femmes dans les trois grandes religions.  En 1973, je suis allé à la Mecque pour accomplir le Hajj (pèlerinage) et je prêche l’islam de façon régulière.  J’organise des séminaires dans les universités et sociétés caritatives.  En 1974, j’ai reçu une invitation du Soudan, où j’ai organisé plusieurs séminaires.  La majeure partie de mon temps, je la consacre à l’islam. »<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Enfin, on demanda à Khalil quelles étaient les principales caractéristiques de l’islam qui avaient attiré le plus son attention, au départ.  Il répondit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Ma croyance en l’islam est apparue par la lecture du Coran et de la biographie du prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui).  À un certain moment, j’avais cessé de croire à toutes ces idées fausses sur l’islam et je me sentais attiré par le concept de l’unicité de Dieu, qui est la plus importante caractéristique de l’islam.  Dieu est unique et rien ne Lui ressemble.  Cette croyance fait de moi le serviteur de Dieu seul et de personne d’autre.  La croyance en l’unicité de Dieu libère l’homme de la servitude envers quelque être humain que ce soit et c’est là la véritable liberté.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

J’aime aussi profondément les règles du pardon, en islam, de même que la relation directe entre Dieu et Ses serviteurs.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Dis : « Ô Mes serviteurs qui avez commis des excès à votre propre détriment : ne désespérez pas de la miséricorde de Dieu, car Il pardonne tous les péchés.  Certes, c’est Lui le Pardonneur, le Miséricordieux. « Revenez repentants vers votre Seigneur et soumettez-vous à Lui (en vrais musulmans) avant que ne vous vienne le châtiment; car vous ne recevrez alors aucun secours. »  (Coran 39:53-54)<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":9640,"lft":4586,"rght":4587,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-10-10T02:28:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-06T06:01:49.000000Z","language_id":9,"user_id":7,"author_id":3068,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":2405,"author_name":"Ibrahim Khalil Philobus","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-10-10","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.docx"},{"id":2408,"title":"Philobus, \u00c4gyptischer Koptischer Priester und Missionar ","slug":"philobus-gyptischer-koptischer-priester-und-missionar-","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:philobus-gyptischer-koptischer-priester-und-missionar-","hint":"","body":"

Philobus, Ägyptischer Koptischer Priester und Missionar <\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(teil 1 von 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Al-Haj Ibrahim Khalil Ahmad, der frühere Ibrahim Khalil Philobus, war ein ägyptischer koptischer Priester gewesen, der Theologie studiert hatte und einen hohen Grad an der Princeton Universität erreicht hatte.  Er studierte den Islam, um Lücken zu finden; anstatt dessen nahmen er und seine vier Kinder den Islam an, einer von ihnen ist jetzt ein brillianter Professor an der Universitöt Sorbonne in Paris, Frankreich.  Auf eine interessante Art beschreibt er:   <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ich wurde am 13. Januar 1919 in Alexandria geboren und zu den amerikanischen Missionsschulen geschickt, bis ich dort meine höhere Unterrichtsbescheinigung bekam.  1942 erhielt ich mein Diplom von der Asiut Universität und daraufhin spezialisierte ich mich auf das Fach Religion als Vorbereitung für die Theologische Fakultät.  Es war nicht leicht, an der Fakultät genommen zu werden, denn kein Kandidat wurde angenommen, der nicht eine besondere Empfehlung von einer Kirche vorweisen konnte und ebenfalls eine Menge schwieriger Prüfungen bestanden hatte.  Ich bekam eine Empfehlung von der Al-Attareen Kirche in Alexandria und eine andere vom Kirchenverband Niederägyptens, nachdem ich zahlreiche Prüfungen bestanden hatte, um meine Qualifikationen ein Kirchenmann zu werden, unter Beweis zu stellen.  Dann erhielt ich noch eine dritte Empfehlung vom Snodischen Kirchenverband, der Priester aus Sudan und Ägypten umfasst. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Snodus billigte 1944 meinen Eintritt als Internatsstudent in die Theologische Fakultät.  Dort studierte ich bei amerikanischen und ägyptischen Lehrern bis zu meiner Graduierung 1948.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ich sollte eigentlich in Jerusalem weiterstudieren, fuhr er fort, wäre nicht im selben Jahr Krieg in Palästina ausgebrochen, also wurde ich nach Asna in Oberägypten geschickt.  Im selben Jahr schrieb ich mich für eine Dissertation an der amerikanischen Universität in Kairo ein.  Sie handelte von den missionarischen Aktivitäten unter Muslimen.  Meine Bekanntschaft mit dem Islam begann in der Theologischen Fakultät, wo ich den Islam und alle Methoden, durch die wir den Glauben der Muslime ins Wanken bringen und Missverständnisse in ihr Verständnis von ihrer eigenen Religion entstehen lassen konnten, studiert hatte. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

1952 erhielt ich mein M.A. von der Princeton Universität in U.S.A. und wurde als Lehrer an der Theologischen Fakultät in Asiut eingestellt.  Ich pflegte an der Fakultät Islam zu unterrichten, wie auch die fehlerhaften Missverständnisse, die von seinen Feinden und den Missionaren gegen ihn verbreitet werden.  Während jener Zeit entschloss ich mich, meine Studien über den Islam auszuweiten, so dass ich nicht nur Bücher von Missionaren darüber las.  Ich hatte so viel Vertrauen an meinen Glauben, dass ich bereit war, die andere Sicht zu lesen.  Also fing ich an, Bücher von muslimischen Verfassern zu lesen.  Ich beschloss, ebenfalls, den Qu´an zu lesen und seine Bedeutung zu verstehen.  Dies entsprang meiner Liebe zum Wissen und bewegte mein Verlangen, mehr Beweise gegen den Islam zu finden.  Das Ergebnis war allerdings genau das Gegenteil.  Meine Position begann zu beben, ich fing an, einen starken inneren Kampf zu spüren, und ich entdeckte, das Falschsein von allem, was ich studiert und den Leuten gepredigt hatte.  Aber ich konnte mir selbst nicht tapfer ins Gesicht schauen und versuchte anstatt dessen, diese innere Krise zu überwinden und meine Arbeit fortzusetzen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

1954, fügte Mr. Khalil hinzu, wurde ich als Generalsekretär der Deutsch-Schweizer Mission nach Aswan gesandt.  Es war nur meine offensichtliche Position, denn meine eigentliche Mission war in Oberägypten insbesondere unter Muslimen gegen den Islam zu predigen.  Eine Missionskonferenz wurde im Cataract Hotel in Aswan abgehalten und mir wurde Raum zum Sprechen gegeben.  An jenem Tag sprach ich zu viel, ich wiederholte alle erlernten Missverständnisse gegen den Islam; und am Ende meiner Ansprache kam meine innere Krise wieder auf mich zurück, und ich fing an, über meine Position nachzudenken. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Über die besagte Krise sprechend sagte Mr. Khalil: “Ich fing an, mich selbst zu fragen: Warum sollte ich all diese Dinge sagen und tun, von denen ich genau weiss, dass ich lüge und dass es nicht die Wahrheit ist?  Noch vor Ende der Konferenz fuhr ich und ging allein zu meinem Haus.  Ich war völlig durcheinander.  Als ich durch den offentlichen Garten von Firyal ging, hörte ich einen Vers aus dem Qur´an im Radio.  Er lautet: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Sprich: “Es wurde mir offenbart, dass eine Schar der \u011einn zuhörte und dann sagte: ´Wahrlich wir haben einen wunderbaren Qur´an gehört, der zur Rechtschaffenheit leitet; so haben wir an ihn geglaubt, und wir werden unserem Herrn nie jemanden zur Seite stellen.´“ (Quran 72:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und als wir aber von der Rechtleitung vernahmen, da glaubten wir an sie.  Und der, der an seinen Herrn glaubt, fürchtet weder Einbuße noch Unrecht.” (Quran 72:13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ich fühlte in jener Nacht wahren Trost und als ich nach Hause zurüchgekehrt war, verbrachte ich die ganze Nacht allein in meiner Bibliothek und las den Qur´an.  Meine Frau befragte mich nach dem Grund dafür, dass ich die ganze Nacht sitzend verbracht hatte, und ich bat sie, mich allein zu lassen.  Ich hielt inne und dachte lange Zeit über folgenden Vers nach:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Hätten Wir diesen Qur´an auf einen Berg herabgesandt, hättest du gesehen, wie er sich gedemütigt und aus Furcht vor Gott gespalten hätte…” (Quran 59:21)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Und über den Vers:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Sichrlich findest du, dass unter allen Menschen die Juden und die Götzendiener die erbittertsten Gegner der Gläubigen sind.  Und du wirst zweifellos finden, dass die, welche sagen: „Wir sind Christen” den Gläubigen am freundlichsten gegenüberstehen.  Dies (ist so), weil es unter ihnen Priester und Mönche gibt und weil sie nicht hochmütig sind.  Und wenn sie hören, was zu dem Gesandten herabgesandt worden ist, siehst du ihre Augen von Tränen überfließen ob der Wahrheit, die sie erkannt haben.  Sie sagen: ´Unser Herr wir glauben, so schreibe uns unter die Bezeugenden.´  Und weshalb sollten wir nicht an Gott glauben und an die Wahrheit, die zu uns gekommen ist, wo wir innig wünschen, dass unser Herr uns zu den Rechtschaffenen zählen möge.´” (Quran 5:82-84)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Mr. Khalil zitierte dann noch einen dritten Absatz aus dem Heiligen Qur´an, der besagt: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Das sind jene, die dem Gesandten, dem Propheten folgen, der des Lesens und Schreibens unkundig ist; dort in der Thora und im Evangelium werden sie über ihn geschrieben finden; er gebietet ihnen das Gute und verbietet ihnen das Böse, und er erlaubt ihnen die guten Dinge und verwehrt ihnen die Schlechten und er nimmt ihnen ihre Last hinweg und die Fesseln, die auf ihnen lagen.  Diejenigen also, die an ihn glauben und ihn stärken und ihm helfen und dem Licht folgen, das mit ihm herabgesandt wurde, die sollen erfolgreich sein.  Sprich: „O ihr Menschen, ich bin für euch alle ein Gesandter Gottes und an Seine Worte glaubt; und folgt ihm, auf dass ihr rechtgeleitet werden möget.” (Quran 7:157-158)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(teil 2 von 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Noch in derselben Nacht zog Herr Khalil den dramatischen Schluss:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ich traf meine endgültige Entscheidung.  Am Morgen sprach ich mit meiner Frau, mit der ich drei Söhne und eine Tochter habe.  Aber sobald sie fühlte, dass ich geneigt war, den Islam anzunehmen, fing sie an, zu weinen und bat den Missionevorstand um Hilfe.  Sein Name war Monsieur Shavits aus der Schweiz.  Er war ein sehr tüchtiger Mann.  Als er mich nach meiner wahren Haltung fragte, erzählte ich ihm offen, was ich wirklich wollte und dann sagte er: ´Betrachen sie sich von ihrer Arbeit befreit, bis wir herausgefunden haben, was sie befallen hat.´  Darauf sagte ich: ´Dies ist mein Rücktritt von meiner Arbeit.´  Er versuchte, mich davon zu überzeugen, es zurückzunehmen, aber ich bestand darauf.  Da brachte er das Gerücht in Umlauf, dass ich verrückt geworden sei.  Ich litt unter einer schweren Prüfung und Unterdrückung, bis ich Aswan verließ und nach Kairo zurückkehrte.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Als er über die Gründe befragt wurde, aus denen er konvertiert ist, antwortete er: “In Kairo wurde ich einem angesehenen Professor vorgestellt, der mir dabei half, meine harte Prüfung zu überstehen, und dies tat er, ohne irgendetwas von meiner Geschichte zu wissen.  Er behandelte mich als einen Muslim, denn ich hatte mich ihm als solchen vorgestellt, obwohl ich den Islam offiziell noch nicht angenommen hatte.  Es war Dr. Muhammad Abdul Moneim Al Jamal, der damalige Untersekretär der Schatzkammer.  Er war hochinteressiert an islamischen Studien und wollte eine Übersetzung des Heiligen Qur´an machen, die in Amerika veröffentlicht werden sollte.  Er bat mich, ihm zu helfen, denn ich sprach seit ich meinen M.A. von einer amerikanischen Universität erhalten hatte fließend Englisch.  Er wußte auch, dass ich eine vergleichende Studie von Qur´an, Thora und Bibel vorbereitete.  Wir arbeiteten bei dieser vergleichenden Studie und der Übersetzung des Qur´an zusammen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Als Dr. Jamal erfuhr, dass ich meine Arbeit in Aswan gekündigt hatte und arbeitslos war, half er mir, einen Job bei der Standard Stationery Company in Kairo zu bekommen.  Also war meine Situation nach kurzer Zeit gut gefestigt.  Ich erzählte meiner Frau nicht von meiner Absicht, den Islam anzunehmen, denn sie dachte, ich hätte die ganze Sache vergessen, und dass es nichts als eine vorübergehende Krise gewesen sei, die nicht länger existierte.  Aber ich wußte ziemlich gut, dass meine offizielle Konvertierung zum Islam lange, komplizierte Maßnahmen erforderte, und es war in der Tat ein Kampf, den ich lieber für eine Zeit vor mir herschob, wenn es mir besser ging und ich meine vergleichenden Studien abgeschlossen haben würde.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dann fuhr Herr Khalil fort:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“1955 vervollständigte ich meine Studien und mein Material und meine Lebenssituation hatten sich gut gefestigt.  Ich kündigte bei der Company und gründete ein Schulungsbüro für importierte Schreibwaren und Schulartikel.  Es war ein erfolgreiches Gewerbe, bei dem ich mehr Geld verdiente, als ich benötigte.  Da enschloss ich mich, meine offizielle Konvertierung zum Islam zu erklären.  Am 25.Dezember 1959 schickte ich Dr. Thompson, dem Vorsitzenden der amerikanischen Mission in Ägypten, ein Telegramm, um ihm mitzuteilen, dass ich den Islam angenommen hatte.  Als ich Dr. Jamal meine wahre Geschichte erzählte, war er völlig erstaunt.  Sobald ich meine Konvertierung zum Islam bekannt gegeben hatte, begann neue Unruhe.  Sieben meiner früheren Kollegen in der Mission haben ihr Bestes versucht, mich davon zu überzeugen, meine Konvertierung rüchgängig zu machen, aber ich weigerte mich.  Sie drohten mir mit der Trennung von meiner Frau und ich sagte: ´Sie hat die Freiheit, zu machen, was sie wünscht´.  Die drohten, mich zu töten.  Aber als sie feststellten, dass ich hartnäckig blieb, ließen sie mich und schickten mir einen alten Freund, der ein Kollege aus meiner Mission gewesen war.  Er weinte sehr vor mir.  Daher rezitierte ich ihm den folgenden Qur´anvers: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und wenn sie hören, was zu dem Gesandten herabgesandt worden ist, siehst du ihre Augen von Tränen überfließen ob der Wahrheit, die sie erkannt haben.  Sie sagen: ´Unser Herr, wir glauben, so schreibe uns unter die Bezeugenden.´  Und weshalb sollten wir nicht an Gott glauben und an die Wahrheit, die zu uns gekommen ist, wo wir innig wünschen, dass unser Herr uns zu den Rechtschaffenen zählen möge.´” (Quran 5:83-84)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ich sagte zu ihm: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“´Du hättest lieber aus Gottergebenheit weinen sollen, als du den Qur´an gehört hast, und an die Wahrheit glauben sollen, die du kennst, aber du lehnst es ab.´  Da stand er auf uns verließ mich, als er keinen Nutzen sah.  Meine offizielle Konvertierung zum Islam war im Januar 1960.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Herr Khalil wurde dann über das Verhalten seiner Frau und seiner Kinder befragt und er antwortete:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Meine Frau verließ mich zu jener Zeit und nahm all unsere Einrichtung aus dem Haus mit.  Aber alle meine Kinder blieben bei mir und nahmen auch den Islam an.  Der enthusiastischste war mein Ältester Isaac, der seinen Namen in Osman umänderte, dann mein Zweiter Joseph und mein Sohn Samuel, dessen Name nun Jamal ist, und meine Tochter Majida, die sich jetzt Najwa nennt.  Osman ist nun Doktor der Philosophie und arbeitet als Professor an der Universität Sorbonne in Paris, wo er Orientalistik und Psychologie unterrichtet.  Er schreibt auch für die Zeitung ´Le Monde´.  Was meine Frau betrifft, sie verlies das Haus für sechs Jahre und 1966 war sie damit einverstanden, zurückzukommen, unter der Voraussetzung, dass sie ihre Religion behalten kann.  Ich akzeptierte das, denn im Islam gibt es keinen Zwang im Glauben.  Ich sagte ihr: ´Ich will nicht, dass du meinetwegen Muslima wirst, sondern nur wenn du überzeugt bist´.  Sie fühlt jetzt, dass sie an den Islam glaubt, aber sie kann ihn aus Angst vor ihrer Familie nicht bekennen, aber wir behandeln sie wie eine muslimische Frau und sie fastet im Ramadhan, denn alle meine Kinder beten und fasten.  Meine Tochter Najwa studiert an der Fakultät für Handel, Joseph ist Doktor der Pharmakologie und Jamal ist Ingenieur. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Während dieser Zeit, seit 1961 bis zum heutigen Tag, war ich in der Lage, eine Reihe von Büchern über den Islam und über die Methoden der Missionare und der Orientalisten, die ihn bekämpfen, zu veröffentlichen.  Jetzt bin ich dabei, eine vergleichende Studie über Frauen in den drei göttlichen Offenbarungsreligionen vorzubereiten mit dem Ziel, die Stellung der Frau im Islam zu beleuchten.  1973 verrichtete ich Hajj (die Pilgerreise nach Mekka), und ich predige aktiv für den Islam.  Ich halte Seminare an Universitäten und bei wohltätigen Gesellschaften.  Ich erhielt 1974 eine Einladung aus dem Sudan, wo ich zahlreiche Seminare hielt.  Meine Zeit nutze ich voll und ganz für den Dienst am Islam.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Schließlich wurde Herr Khalil über die hervorragendsten Merkmale des Islam befragt, die seine Aufmerksamkeit am meisten angezogen haben, und er antwortete: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Mein Glaube an den Islam kam durch das Lesen des Heiligen Qur´an und der Biographie des Propheten Muhammad, Gottes Segen und Frieden seien mit ihm.  Ich glaubte die Missverständnisse über den Islam nicht länger und ich fühlte mich besonders angezogen von dem Konzept der Einheit Gottes, welches das wichtigste Merkmal des Islam ist.  Gott ist nur Einer.  Nichts ist wie Er.  Dieser Glaube macht mich zu einem Diener Gottes und keines anderen.  Die Einheit Gottes befreit den Menschen vom Dienen irgendeines anderen Menschen und das ist wahre Freiheit.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Mit gefällt auch die Rolle der Vergebung im Islam und der direkten Verbindung zwischen Gott und Seinen Dienern.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Sprich: ´O meine Diener, die ihr euch gegen eure eigenen Seelen vergangen habt, verzweifelt nicht an Gottes Barmherzigkeit; denn Gott vergibt alle Sünden; Er ist der Allverzeihende, der Barmherzige.  Und kehrt euch zu eurem Herrn, und ergebt euch Ihm, bevor die Strafe über euch kommt; (denn) dann werdet ihr keine Hilfe finden.” <\/strong>(Quran 39:53-54)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":6812,"lft":4588,"rght":4589,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-10-10T02:28:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-06T14:01:23.000000Z","language_id":7,"user_id":7,"author_id":3068,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":2405,"author_name":"Ibrahim Khalil Philobus","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-10-10","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.docx"},{"id":2409,"title":"\u0424\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441 - \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u041c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440","slug":"------tukku","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:------tukku","hint":"","body":"

\u0424\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441 - \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u041c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1 \u0438\u0437 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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« \u042f \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0438 13 \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f 1919 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.  \u041d\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f; \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435, \u043f\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b, \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.  \u0412 1942 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0410\u0441\u0438\u044e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435.  \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043b, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0438 \u044f \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0442 «\u0422\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438».  \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c: \u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432.  \u042f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430: \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u0442 \u0426\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0410\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435, \u043e\u0442 \u0426\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0438 \u041d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0439 «\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438», \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435 – \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0438 \u0426\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0439 «\u0421\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0441», \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0421\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0430. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e «\u0421\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0441» \u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0422\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1944 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.  \u0422\u0430\u043c, \u043c\u043e\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0432\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u044b \u0432 1948 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0430. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0418\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043c, \u043d\u043e, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0438 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0418\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u044f \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0410\u0441\u043d\u0430, \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0442.  \u0412 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u0438\u0440\u0435.  \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.  \u042f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 «\u0422\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438», \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412 1952 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0442 «\u0422\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438» \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0410\u0441\u0438\u044e\u0442.  \u042f \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0438 «\u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u043d\u043e» \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438.  \u0412 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438.  \u042f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.  \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435, \u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b.  \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u044c \u043a \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430.  \u041d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c.  \u041c\u043e\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0436\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438.  \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044f \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u043a \u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 - \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043b\u043e\u0436\u044c\u044e.  \u041d\u043e \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0441, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.   <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412 1954 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e-\u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0410\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043d\u0435.  \u041d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0435, \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.  \u0412 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435 «\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442», \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439.  \u041c\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0438\u043c – \u044f \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u043b \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430… \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438, \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044e.  \u042f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f: «\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u044c\u044e?» \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0439.  \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430 «\u0424\u0438\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043b», \u044f \u0432\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u044f\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438: «\u041c\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438: “\u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d.  \u041e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043a \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443»» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 72:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0442\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e.  \u0410 \u0442\u043e\u0442, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u043e\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0434\u044b, \u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 72:13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\u0412 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435, \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0439, \u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0432\u0441\u044e \u043d\u043e\u0447\u044c \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435, \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d.  \u042f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u044f\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438  \u0430\u044f\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u041c\u044b \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0443, \u0442\u043e \u0442\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b \u0431\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u043e\u043c.  \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0447\u0438 \u041c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438...” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 59:21)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “\u0422\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0448\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432.  \u0422\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0448\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0432\u0438 \u043a \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442: «\u041c\u044b – \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0435».  \u042d\u0442\u043e – \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445\u0438, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f.  \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0442\u044b \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0448\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442.  \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442: «\u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448!  \u041c\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438.  \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439.  \u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043a \u043d\u0430\u043c? \u041c\u044b \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0432\u0432\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0432 \u0420\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438»” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 5:82-84)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u041c\u0443\u0441\u0430 (\u041c\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439) \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430.  \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u043d \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: «\u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0438!  \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0422\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b, \u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043b \u0431\u044b \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439.  \u041d\u0435\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0422\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u043f\u0446\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441? \u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0422\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0422\u044b \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c, \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0448\u044c \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c.  \u0422\u044b – \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0439, \u0438\u0431\u043e \u0422\u044b – \u041d\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445!  \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u0438\u0431\u043e \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0422\u0435\u0431\u0435».  \u041e\u043d \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: «\u042f \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e, \u0430 \u041c\u043e\u044f \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0449\u044c.  \u042f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443 \u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u044f\u0442 \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u041d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c (\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c) \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432 \u0422\u0430\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435 (\u0422\u043e\u0440\u0435) \u0438 \u0418\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0435 (\u0415\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0438).  \u041e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432.  \u0422\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0442 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u044e\u0442».  \u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438: «\u041e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438!  \u042f – \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0430\u043c.  \u0415\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0439.  \u041d\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u041d\u0435\u0433\u043e.  \u041e\u043d \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0449\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442.  \u0423\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0438 \u0432 \u0415\u0433\u043e \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c) \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0438 \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430.  \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c, \u0434\u0430\u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c».” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 7:155-158)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2 \u0438\u0437 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\u041e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0447\u044c\u044e, \u0425\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0424\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0447\u044c \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.  \u0423\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0441 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0439 (\u0437\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0447\u044c).  \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043a \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044c\u0435 \u0428\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0443\u043f\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c.  \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445.  \u041c\u0435\u0441\u044c\u0435 \u0428\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u043e\u0445\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f.  \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b \u0435\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443.  \u041e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c  \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d.  \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0445 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.  \u042d\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c: \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0445.  \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u044f \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b \u0410\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043d, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0432 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u0438\u0440».    <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435: «\u0412 \u041a\u0430\u0438\u0440\u0435, \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u044e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044e \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.  \u041e\u043d \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b \u043e \u043c\u043e\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u044f \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430.  \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c-\u041c\u0443\u043d’\u0438\u043c \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0414\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b \u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.   \u041e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0435.  \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0414\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0432 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435.  \u041e\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u044b.  \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0414\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e «\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0421\u0442\u044d\u0439\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0437», \u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c.  \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0442\u043e \u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0439 \u043e \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435, \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b.  \u041d\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c \u044f \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0442\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438.  \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b, \u0438 \u044f \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u043e\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c.  \u042f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412 1955 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043a \u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f.  \u042f \u0443\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0438\u0440\u043c\u0443, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439.  \u0411\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.  \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c.  \u0418 \u0432\u043e\u0442, 25 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f 1959 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u044f \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0422\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0443, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c.  \u042f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0414\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044e, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041c\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c.   \u041c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432.  \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0441 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f… \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435, \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430, \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438.  \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043e\u043d, \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445, \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043b \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f.  \u042f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0442\u044b \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0448\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442.  \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442: «\u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448!  \u041c\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438.  \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439.  \u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043a \u043d\u0430\u043c? \u041c\u044b \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0432\u0432\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0432 \u0420\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438»” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 5:83-84)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u042f \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0435\u043c\u0443: «\u0422\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430 \u0430\u044f\u0442\u044b \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430.  \u0422\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435, \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c…» \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043d \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0438 \u0443\u0448\u0435\u043b.  \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c 1960 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c».<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0425\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c\u043c\u0438:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0416\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e.  \u041c\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430.  \u0414\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0437\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u044b\u043d \u0418\u0441\u0430\u0430\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c.  \u041c\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u0419\u0443\u0441\u0443\u0444\u043e\u043c, \u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u044b\u043d \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0443\u044d\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c.  \u041c\u043e\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0447\u044c \u041c\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u041d\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0432\u0430.  \u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0421\u043e\u0440\u0431\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435.  \u041e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044e, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0435 «\u041b\u0435 \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0434».   <\/span><\/p>\r\n

  \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0442\u043e \u0432 1966 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0443\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438.  \u042f \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.  \u042f \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0439: «\u042f \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443,  \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f, \u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0432 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f».  \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432.  \u041c\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435.   \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0420\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d, \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u044b.  \u041c\u043e\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0447\u044c \u041d\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0419\u0443\u0441\u0443\u0444 – \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433, \u0430 \u0414\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c – \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0441 1961 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433 \u043e\u0431 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044e.  \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0439, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435.  \u0412 1973 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043b \u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436 (\u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u041c\u0435\u043a\u043a\u0443).  \u042f \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0432 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445.  \u0412 1974 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0421\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043d, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439.  \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430». <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b\u044f \u0424\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041c\u043e\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430 (\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442).  \u042f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438.  \u041d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.  \u0411\u043e\u0433 – \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d.  \u041d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0415\u043c\u0443.  \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0435\u0439.  \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0436\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439.  \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f  \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0411\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0438.   <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438 \u041c\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435: «\u041d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430.  \u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0438, \u0438\u0431\u043e \u041e\u043d – \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439, \u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439».  \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0415\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0432\u0430\u043c, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c”.  (<\/strong>\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 39:53-54)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":14727,"lft":4590,"rght":4591,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-10-10T02:28:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-07T00:40:05.000000Z","language_id":5,"user_id":7,"author_id":3068,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":2405,"author_name":"Ibrahim Khalil Philobus","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-10-10","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.docx"},{"id":2410,"title":"Filobo, Padre Copta Eg\u00edpcio e Mission\u00e1rio","slug":"filobo-padre-copta-egpcio-e-missionrio","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:filobo-padre-copta-egpcio-e-missionrio","hint":"","body":"

Filobo, Padre Copta Egípcio e Missionário<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (parte 1 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Al-Haj Ibrahim Khalil Ahmad, antes Ibrahim Khalil Philobus, era um sacerdote copta egípcio que estudou teologia e obteve um alto título da Universidade de Princeton.  Estou Islã para encontrar falhas e atacá-lo; ao invés disso ele abraçou o Islã com seus quatro filhos, um dos quais é agora um brilhante professor na Universidade de Sorbonne em Paris, França.  De uma maneira interessante, ele se revela dizendo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Nasci em Alexandria em 13 de janeiro de 1919 e fui enviado para as escolas missionárias americanas até que obtivesse meu certificado de educação secundária lá. Em 1942 obtive meu diploma da Universidade de Asiut e então me especializei em estudos religiosos como um prelúdio para a Faculdade de Teologia. Não foi fácil entrar para a faculdade, já que nenhum candidato era aceito sem que tivesse uma recomendação especial da igreja e, além disso, passasse em várias provas difíceis. Obtive uma recomendação da igreja Al-Attarin em Alexandria e outra da Assembléia da Igreja do Baixo Egito depois de passar por muitos testes para saber minhas qualificações para me tornar um homem da religião. Então obtive uma terceira recomendação da Assembléia da Igreja de Snodus, que incluía sacerdotes do Sudão e do Egito.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A Snodus sancionou minha entrada na Faculdade de Teologia em 944 em regime de internato.  Lá estudei nas mãos de professores americanos e egípcios até minha graduação em 1948.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Era esperado, continua ele, que fosse nomeado para Jerusalém se não fosse pela guerra que irrompeu na Palestina no mesmo ano. Então fui enviado para Asna, no Alto Egito.  No mesmo ano me registrei para uma tese na Universidade Americana no Cairo.  Era sobre atividades missionárias entre muçulmanos.  Meu conhecimento sobre Islã começou na Faculdade de Teologia onde estudei Islã e todos os métodos através dos quais poderíamos abalar a fé dos muçulmanos e levantar concepções errôneas em seu entendimento de sua própria religião.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Em 1952 obtive meu mestrado da Universidade de Princeton nos EUA e fui nomeado como professor na Faculdade de Teologia em Asiut.  Costumava ensinar o Islã na faculdade e também as concepções errôneas propagadas por seus inimigos e missionários.  Durante aquele período decidi ampliar meu estudo do Islã para não ler apenas os livros dos missionários.  Tinha muita fé em mim mesmo a ponto de querer ler o outro ponto-de-vista.  Então comecei a ler livros escritos por autores muçulmanos.  Também decidi ler o Alcorão e entender seus significados.  Fui movido pelo meu amor ao conhecimento e por meu desejo de acrescentar mais provas contra o Islã.  O resultado foi, entretanto, exatamente o oposto.  Minha posição começou a se abalar, comecei a sofrer uma forte batalha interna e descobri a falsidade de tudo que tinha estudado e pregado às pessoas.  Mas não tinha coragem para enfrentar e ao invés disso tentei superar essa crise interna e continuar meu trabalho.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Em 1954, acrescenta sr. Khalil, fui enviado para Aswan como secretário-geral da missão sueco-alemã.  Essa era apenas minha posição aparente, porque minha missão real era pregar contra o Islã no Alto Egito, especialmente entre os muçulmanos.  Uma conferência missionária aconteceu naquela época no Hotel Cataract em Aswan e me foi dado espaço para discursar.  Naquele dia eu falei muito, reiterando todos os repetidos equívocos contra o Islã; e no fim do meu discurso a crise interna veio novamente e comecei a revisar minha posição.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Continuando sua conversa sobre a crise, o Sr. Khalil disse: “Comecei a me perguntar: Por que eu diria e faria todas essas coisas se sei que sou um mentiroso, já que essa não é a verdade?” Pedi licença antes do fim da conferência e fui sozinho para minha casa.  Estava completamente abalado.  Enquanto caminhava pelo jardim público de Firyal, ouvi um versículo do Alcorão no rádio.  Dizia:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Dize: Foi-me revelado que um grupo de gênios escutou (a recitação do Alcorão). Disseram: Em verdade, ouvimos um Alcorão admirável, que guia à verdade, pelo que nele cremos, e jamais atribuiremos parceiro algum ao nosso Senhor.” (Alcorão 72:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“E quando escutamos a orientação, cremos nela; e quem quer que creia em seu Senhor, não há de temer fraude, nem desatino.” (Alcorão 72:13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Senti um profundo conforto aquela noite e quando voltei para casa passei a noite toda sozinho em minha biblioteca, lendo o Alcorão.  Minha esposa me perguntou sobre a razão de passar a noite inteira sentado e pedi a ela que me deixasse sozinho.  Parei por um longo tempo e meditei sobre o versículo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Se tivéssemos feito descer este Alcorão sobre uma montanha, tê-las-ias visto humilhar-se e fender-se, por temor a Deus...” (Alcorão 59:21)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

E o versículo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Constatarás que os piores inimigos dos crentes, entre os humanos, são os judeus e os idólatras. Constatarás que aqueles que estão mais próximos do afeto dos crentes são os que dizem: Somos cristãos! Porque possuem sacerdotes devotados ao conhecimento e que não se ensoberbecem de coisa alguma. E, ao escutarem o que foi revelado ao Mensageiro, tu vês lágrimas a lhes brotarem nos olhos; reconhecem naquilo a verdade, dizendo: Ó Senhor nosso, cremos! Inscreve-nos entre os testemunhadores! E por que não haveríamos de crer em Deus e em tudo quanto nos chegou, da verdade, e como não haveríamos de aspirar a que nosso Senhor nos contasse entre os virtuosos?” (Alcorão 5:82-84)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

O sr. Khalil então citou uma terceira citação do Alcorão Sagrado que diz:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“São aqueles que seguem o Mensageiro, o Profeta iletrado, o qual encontram mencionado em sua Tora e no Evangelho, o qual lhes recomenda o bem e que proíbe o ilícito, prescreve-lhes todo o bem e veda-lhes o imundo, alivia-os dos seus fardos e livra-os dos grilhões que o deprimem. Aqueles que nele creram, honraram-no, defenderam-no e seguiram a Luz que com ele foi enviada, são os bem-aventurados.<\/strong> <\/strong>Dize: Ó humanos, sou o Mensageiro de Deus, para todos vós; Seu é o reino dos céus e da terra. Não há mais divindades além d’Ele. Ele é Quem dá a vida e a morte! Crede, pois, em Deus e em Seu Mensageiro, o Profeta iletrado, que crê em Deus e nas Suas palavras; segui-o, para que vos encaminheis.” (Alcorão 7:157-158)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(parte 2 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Naquela mesma noite, conclui dramaticamente Sr. Khalil:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Tomei minha decisão final.  Pela manhã falei com minha esposa com quem tinha três filhos e uma filha.  Mas assim que ela sentiu que estava inclinado a abraçar o Islã, chorou e pediu ajuda ao chefe da missão.  Seu nome era Sr. Shavits, da Suíça.  Era um homem muito astuto.  Quando me perguntou sobre minha verdadeira atitude, disse a ele de maneira franca o que eu realmente queria e então ele disse: considere-se fora do trabalho até que descubramos o que aconteceu com você.  Então eu disse: aqui está meu pedido de demissão.  Ele tentou me convencer a adiá-la, mas insisti.  Então ele espalhou um boato entre as pessoas de que eu tinha enlouquecido.  Dessa forma, passei por um teste e uma opressão muito grandes até deixar Aswan e retornar ao Cairo.” <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Quando perguntado sobre as circunstâncias de sua conversão, ele respondeu: “No Cairo fui apresentado a um professor respeitável que me ajudou a superar meu grave teste e ele fez isso sem saber nada sobre minha história. Tratou-me como um muçulmano, porque me introduzi dessa forma embora ainda não tivesse oficialmente abraçado o Islã. Foi o Dr. Muhammad Abdul Moneim Al Jamal, na época subsecretário do tesouro. Era muito interessado em estudos islâmicos e queria fazer uma tradução do Alcorão Sagrado para ser publicada na América. Pediu-me para ajudá-lo porque eu era fluente em inglês, já que tinha obtido meu título de mestrado em uma universidade americana. Ele também sabia que eu estava preparando um estudo comparativo do Alcorão, o Torá e a Bíblia. Cooperamos nesse estudo comparado e na tradução do Alcorão.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Quando o Dr. Jamal soube que eu tinha me demitido de meu emprego em Aswan e que estava desempregado, me ajudou com um emprego em uma empresa no Cairo.  Então fiquei bem depois de um curto tempo.  Não contei à minha esposa sobre minha intenção de abraçar o Islã. Ela achava que eu tinha esquecido o assunto e que tudo não tinha passado de uma crise temporária.  Mas eu sabia muito bem que minha conversão oficial ao Islã precisava de medidas complicadas e demoradas. Que era, de fato, uma batalha que eu preferia adiar por algum tempo, até me estabelecer e completar meu estudo comparado.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Sr. Khalil continuou:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Em 1955 completei meu estudo e meu material e condições de vida estavam bem estabelecidos. Demiti-me da empresa e abri um escritório de treinamento para importação de artigos escolares e de papelaria. Era um negócio bem-sucedido que me trouxe muito mais dinheiro do que eu precisava. Então decidi declarar minha conversão oficial ao Islã. No dia 25 de dezembro de 1959 enviei um telegrama ao Dr. Thompson, chefe da missão americana no Egito, informando-o de que tinha abraçado o Islã. Quando contei minha verdadeira história ao Dr. Jamal ele ficou completamente atônito. Quando declarei minha conversão ao Islã, novos problemas começaram. Sete dos meus ex-colegas na missão tentaram ao máximo me convencer a cancelar minha declaração, mas recusei. Ameaçaram separar-me de minha esposa e eu disse: ela é livre para fazer o que quiser. Ameaçaram matar-me. Mas quando viram o quanto eu estava determinado me deixaram em paz, e enviaram um velho amigo que também era um colega na missão. Ele chorou muito na minha frente. Então recitei os seguintes versículos do Alcorão:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

E, ao escutarem o que foi revelado ao Mensageiro, tu vês lágrimas a lhes brotarem nos olhos; reconhecem naquilo a verdade, dizendo: Ó Senhor nosso, cremos! Inscreve-nos entre os testemunhadores! E por que não haveríamos de crer em Deus e em tudo quanto nos chegou, da verdade, e como não haveríamos de aspirar a que nosso Senhor nos contasse entre os virtuosos?” (Alcorão 5:83-84)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Disse a ele:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Você devia ter chorado em humilhação a Deus ao ouvir o Alcorão e acreditar na verdade que conhece, mas recusa.  Ele se levantou e me deixou, já que não viu alternativa.  Minha conversão oficial ao Islã foi em janeiro de 1960.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Sobre a atitude de sua esposa e filhos, o Sr. Khalil respondeu:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Minha esposa me deixou na época e levou com ela toda a mobília de nossa casa.  Mas todos os meus filhos se juntaram a mim e abraçaram o Islã.  O mais entusiasta entre eles é o meu filho mais velho, Isaque, que mudou seu nome para Osman, depois meu segundo filho José e meu filho Samuel, cujo nome é Jamal, e minha filha Majida, que agora se chama Najwa.  Osman agora é doutor em filosofia e trabalha como professor na Universidade de Sorbonne em Paris, ensinando estudos orientais e psicologia.  Ele também escreve no “Le Monde”.  Com relação à minha esposa, ela deixou a casa por seis anos e concordou em voltar em 1966, desde que pudesse manter sua religião.  Aceitei, porque no Islã não existe compulsão na religião.  Disse a ela: não quero que se torne muçulmana por minha causa, mas sim porque está convencida.  Ela agora sente que acredita no Islã, mas não pode declarar isso por temor a família dela. Nós a tratamos como uma muçulmana e ela jejua no Ramadã porque todos os meus filhos oram e jejuam.  Minha filha Najwa estuda na Faculdade de Comércio, José é farmacêutico e Jamal é engenheiro.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Durante esse período, desde 1961 até o momento presente, fui capaz de publicar vários livros sobre o Islã e os métodos usados pelos missionários e orientalistas para atacá-lo.  Agora estou preparando um estudo comparado sobre as mulheres nas três religiões divinas com o objetivo de destacar a posição das mulheres no Islã.  Em 1973 eu fiz o Hajj (peregrinação à Meca) e faço atividades de pregação do Islã.  Faço seminários nas universidades e entidades de caridade.  Recebi um convite do Sudão em 1974, onde fiz muitos seminários.  Meu tempo é todo usado a serviço do Islã.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Finalmente, perguntado sobre as características do Islã que mais chamaram a sua atenção, o Sr. Khalil respondeu:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Minha fé no Islã surgiu através da leitura do Alcorão Sagrado e da biografia do Profeta Muhammad, que a misericórdia e bênçãos de Deus estejam sobre ele.  Não acredito mais nos conceitos errôneos contra o Islã e sou especialmente atraído pelo conceito da unidade de Deus, que é a característica mais importante do Islã.  Deus é Único.  Nada se compara a Ele.  Essa crença faz de mim o servo somente de Deus e ninguém mais.  A unicidade de Deus libera o homem da servidão a qualquer ser humano e essa é a verdadeira liberdade.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Também gosto muito da norma sobre o perdão no Islã e da relação direta entre Deus e Seus servos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Dize: Ó servos meus, que se excederam contra si próprios, não desespereis da misericórdia de Deus; certamente, Ele perdoa todos os pecados, porque Ele é o Indulgente, o Misericordiosíssimo.  E voltai, contritos e se Submetam a Ele antes que o castigo lhes chegue, porque, então, não sereis socorridos.” (Alcorão 39:53-54)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":8419,"lft":4592,"rght":4593,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-10-10T02:28:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-06T21:49:33.000000Z","language_id":15,"user_id":7,"author_id":3068,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":2405,"author_name":"Ibrahim Khalil Philobus","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-10-10","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.docx"},{"id":2411,"title":"\u57c3\u53ca\u79d1\u666e\u7279\u6559\u4f1a\u7267\u5e08\u3001\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u83f2\u5c14\u666e\u65af","slug":"ddfdfd","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Philobus, Egyptian Coptic Priest and Missionary.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:ddfdfd","hint":"","body":"

\u57c3\u53ca\u79d1\u666e\u7279\u6559\u4f1a\u7267\u5e08\u3001\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u83f2\u5c14\u666e\u65af<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(1\/2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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\u54c8\u5409·\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23·\u54c8\u91cc\u91cc·\u827e\u54c8\u8fc8\u5fb7\uff0c\u66fe\u7528\u540d\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23·\u54c8\u91cc\u91cc·\u83f2\u5c14\u666e\u65af\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u79d1\u666e\u7279\u6559\u4f1a\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u795e\u5b66\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9ad8\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u66fe\u7814\u7a76\u4f0a\u65af\u5170,\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u5230\u7f1d\u9699\u653b\u51fb\u5b83\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u56db\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u90fd\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u8fd8\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u63ed\u79d8\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5386\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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1951\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u83b7\u5f97\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u88ab\u6d3e\u5f80\u827e\u65af\u5c24\u7279\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u5b66\u3002\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u6240\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u3002\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u6765\u4f20\u64ad\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f2\u89e3\u548c\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u62d3\u5bbd\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u9760\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u4fe1\u80fd\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u9605\u8bfb\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u8bfb\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5411\u5f80\u548c\u81ea\u8eab\u6c42\u77e5\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u9a71\u4f7f\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u60f3\u627e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u53cd\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u539f\u5148\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5374\u5f00\u59cb\u52a8\u6447\uff0c\u5185\u5fc3\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u6fc0\u70c8\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u9519\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4e0d\u6562\u9762\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6211\u8bd5\u56fe\u514b\u670d\u5185\u5fc3\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1954\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u88ab\u6d3e\u5f80\u963f\u65af\u65fa\uff0c\u4efb\u5fb7\u56fd-\u745e\u58eb\u4f20\u6559\u4f7f\u56e2\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u3002\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u5317\u90e8\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e2d\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5ba3\u4f20\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u963f\u65af\u65fa\u5927\u7011\u5e03\u5bbe\u9986\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u56e2\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u6211\u4ee3\u8868\u53d1\u8a00\u3002\u90a3\u5929\u6211\u8bb2\u4e86\u5f88\u4e45\uff0c\u518d\u4e09\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u66f2\u89e3\uff0c\u6f14\u8bb2\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u5185\u5fc3\u518d\u6b21\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u6211\u8981\u8bf4\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bdd\u5462\uff1f\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u8ba9\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u9a97\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u7ed3\u675f\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u501f\u53e3\u79bb\u5f00\u5e76\u5355\u72ec\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u52a8\u6447\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u6b65\u884c\u7a7f\u8fc7\u8d39\u4e9a\u5c14\u516c\u56ed\uff0c\u542c\u5230\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u91cc\u8bf5\u8bfb\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    <\/strong>“\u4f60\u8bf4\uff1a‘\u6211\u66fe\u5949\u5230\u542f\u793a\uff1a\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u7cbe\u7075\u5df2\u7ecf\u9759\u542c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5df2\u542c\u89c1\u5947\u5f02\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e8e\u6b63\u9053\uff0c\u6545\u6211\u4eec\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5b83\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7edd\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u914d\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u3002’”<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>72:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

    <\/strong>“\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u542c\u89c1\u6b63\u9053\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5b83\u3002\u8c01\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e3b\uff0c\u8c01\u4e0d\u6015\u514b\u6263\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6015\u53d7\u8fb1\u3002”<\/strong>(<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>72:13)<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u90a3\u4e00\u591c\uff0c\u6211\u5185\u5fc3\u6df1\u5904\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u5e73\u9759\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6574\u591c\u72ec\u81ea\u5728\u56fe\u4e66\u5ba4\u9605\u8bfb\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u3002\u59bb\u5b50\u8be2\u95ee\u6211\u71ac\u591c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6211\u6073\u8bf7\u5979\u8ba9\u6211\u5355\u72ec\u5f85\u5728\u623f\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u505c\u987f\u4e86\u5f88\u4e45\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u5e76\u6c89\u601d\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7ecf\u6587\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    <\/strong>“\u5047\u82e5\u6211\u628a\u8fd9\u90e8\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u964d\u793a\u4e00\u5ea7\u5c71\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u5b9a\u770b\u89c1\u90a3\u5ea7\u5c71\u56e0\u754f\u60e7\u771f\u4e3b\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u67d4\u548c\u7684\uff0c\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u3002”<\/strong>(<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>59:21)<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

    <\/strong>“\u4f60\u5fc5\u5b9a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fe1\u9053\u8005\u4ec7\u6068\u6700\u6df1\u7684\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u4ee5\u7269\u914d\u4e3b\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u4f60\u5fc5\u5b9a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fe1\u9053\u8005\u6700\u4eb2\u8fd1\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u79f0\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7267\u5e08\u548c\u50e7\u4fa3\uff0c\u8fd8\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u81ea\u5927\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u542c\u89c1\u8bf5\u8bfb\u964d\u793a\u4f7f\u8005\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u771f\u7406\u800c\u773c\u6cea\u6c6a\u6c6a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff1a‘\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u554a<\/strong>!<\/strong>\u6211<\/strong>\u4eec\u5df2\u4fe1\u9053\u4e86\uff0c\u6c42\u4f60\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u4f5c\u8bc1\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u4e00\u5904\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5207\u671b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u5584\u826f\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u540c\u8fdb\u4e50\u56ed\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u80fd\u4e0d\u4fe1\u771f\u4e3b\u548c\u964d\u4e34\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u771f\u7406\u5462<\/strong>!<\/strong>’”<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>5:82-84)<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u8fd9\u8282\u7ecf\u6587:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    <\/strong>“\u4ed6\u4eec\u987a\u4ece\u4f7f\u8005——\u4e0d\u8bc6\u5b57\u7684\u5148\u77e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u300a\u8ba8\u62c9\u7279\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5f15\u652f\u52d2\u300b\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u3002\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4eec\u884c\u5584\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u6076\uff0c\u51c6\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4eec\u5403\u4f73\u7f8e\u7684\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u7981\u6212\u4ed6\u4eec\u5403\u6c61\u79fd\u7684\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u5378\u8131\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u91cd\u62c5\uff0c\u89e3\u9664\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u684e\u688f\uff0c\u6545\u51e1\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4ed6\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\uff0c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ed6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9075\u5faa\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4e00\u8d77\u964d\u4e34\u7684\u5149\u660e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6210\u529f\u8005\u3002\u4f60\u8bf4\uff1a‘\u4f17\u4eba\u554a\uff01\u6211\u786e\u662f\u771f\u4e3b\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u6d3e\u6211\u6765\u6559\u5316\u4f60\u4eec\u5168\u4f53\uff1b\u5929\u5730\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u53ea\u662f\u771f\u4e3b\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u4ed6\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7edd\u65e0\u5e94\u53d7\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u80fd\u4f7f\u6b7b\u8005\u751f\uff0c\u80fd\u4f7f\u751f\u8005\u6b7b\uff0c\u6545\u4f60\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u4fe1\u4ef0\u771f\u4e3b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f7f\u8005\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u771f\u4e3b\u53ca\u5176\u8a00\u8f9e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8bc6\u5b57\u7684\u5148\u77e5——\u4f60\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u987a\u4ece\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f60\u4eec\u9075\u5faa\u6b63\u9053\u3002’”<\/strong>(<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>7:157-158)<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(2\/2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\u7ecf\u8fc7\u90a3\u4e00\u591c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u65e9\u4e0a\u6211\u8ddf\u59bb\u5b50——\u4e09\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\u7684\u5988\u5988\u8c08\u4e86\u8c08\u3002\u5979\u4e00\u542c\u51fa\u6211\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u503e\u5411\u5c31\u54ed\u4e86\uff0c\u627e\u4f7f\u56e2\u56e2\u957f\u745e\u58eb\u4eba\u6c99\u7ef4\u7279\u65af\u5148\u751f\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u6b64\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u8001\u7ec3\uff0c\u4ed6\u8be2\u95ee\u6211\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u6211\u5766\u767d\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u771f\u6b63\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\u6211\u5148\u505c\u804c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7814\u7a76\u518d\u7b54\u590d\u6211\u3002\u6211\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4ed6\u8f9e\u5448\u3002\u4ed6\u529d\u6211\u63a8\u8fdf\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7acb\u573a,\u4ed6\u5c31\u6563\u5e03\u8c23\u8a00\u8bf4\u6211\u75af\u4e86,\u6211\u56e0\u6b64\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u8003\u9a8c\u548c\u6298\u78e8\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6211\u6c38\u4e45\u5730\u79bb\u5f00\u963f\u65af\u65fa\u8fd4\u56de\u5f00\u7f57\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u5f00\u7f57\uff0c\u6211\u88ab\u5f15\u8350\u7ed9\u4e00\u4f4d\u53ef\u656c\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e2e\u6211\u6e21\u8fc7\u96be\u5173\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u5411\u5f80\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u628a\u6211\u5f53\u4f5c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7·\u54f2\u739b\u9c81\u535a\u58eb\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7814\u7a76\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u628a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u8bed\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba9\u6211\u534f\u52a9\u4ed6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u62ff\u4e86\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u6d41\u5229\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u66fe\u51c6\u5907\u5bf9\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u65e7\u7ea6\u300b\u548c\u300a\u65b0\u7ea6\u300b\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5408\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e86\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5f53\u54f2\u739b\u9c81\u535a\u58eb\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u8f9e\u804c\u5f85\u4e1a\u65f6\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u6211\u5230\u5f00\u7f57\u6807\u51c6\u6587\u5177\u516c\u53f8\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u5f88\u5feb\u53c8\u6709\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u544a\u8bc9\u59bb\u5b50\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5979\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u5371\u673a\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6211\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u8a93\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u63a8\u8fdf\u5230\u5904\u5883\u6e10\u4f73\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1955\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u6211\u4ece\u516c\u53f8\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u5f00\u5e97\u9500\u552e\u6587\u5177\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u7528\u54c1\uff0c\u751f\u610f\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u5ba3\u5e03\u6b63\u5f0f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u3002 1959\u5e7412\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u6211\u7ed9\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u4f7f\u56e2\u56e2\u957f\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\u535a\u58eb\u53d1\u7535\u62a5\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u6211\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u544a\u8bc9\u54f2\u739b\u9c81\u535a\u58eb\u6211\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u9707\u60ca\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u5ba3\u5e03\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u53c8\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u4e03\u4f4d\u524d\u4f7f\u56e2\u540c\u50da\u5c3d\u6700\u5927\u80fd\u529b\u529d\u6211\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u6211\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6050\u5413\u6211\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u59bb\u5b50\u4e0e\u6211\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\u5979\u60f3\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f88\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u6050\u5413\u8981\u6740\u6b7b\u6211\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u575a\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u8ba9\u4f7f\u56e2\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u8001\u670b\u53cb\u627e\u6211\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6211\u9762\u524d\u54ed\u5f97\u5f88\u4f24\u5fc3\u3002\u6211\u5728\u4ed6\u9762\u524d\u8bf5\u8bfb\u8fd9\u8282\u7ecf\u6587\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    <\/strong>“\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u542c\u89c1\u8bf5\u8bfb\u964d\u793a\u4f7f\u8005\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u771f\u7406\u800c\u773c\u6cea\u6c6a\u6c6a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff1a‘\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u554a<\/strong>!<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u4fe1\u9053\u4e86\uff0c\u6c42\u4f60\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u4f5c\u8bc1\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u4e00\u5904\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5207\u671b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u5584\u826f\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u540c\u8fdb\u4e50\u56ed\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u80fd\u4e0d\u4fe1\u771f\u4e3b\u548c\u964d\u4e34\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u771f\u7406\u5462<\/strong>!<\/strong>’”<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong> 5:83-84)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6211\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u4f60\u542c\u5230\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u771f\u7406\u5374\u62d2\u7edd\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5bb3\u7f9e\u5730\u5bf9\u5b89\u62c9\u54ed\u6ce3\u3002\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u529d\u52a8\u6211\uff0c\u5c31\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u30021960\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u6211\u6b63\u5f0f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u90a3\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u79bb\u5f00\u6211\u5e76\u5e26\u8d70\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u5bbd\u6170\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0e\u6211\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5e76\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u3002\u6700\u70ed\u5fc3\u7684\u5f53\u5c5e\u957f\u5b50\u827e\u8428\u514b\uff0c\u4ed6\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u5965\u65af\u66fc\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4e8c\u5b50\u4f18\u7d20\u798f\uff0c\u4e09\u5b50\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u6539\u540d\u54f2\u739b\u9c81\uff0c\u5973\u513f\u9a6c\u5409\u8fbe\u6539\u4e3a\u7eb3\u5409\u5a03\u3002\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u8bb2\u6388\u4e1c\u65b9\u5b66\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5df4\u9ece\u300a\u4e0a\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u59bb\u5b50\u79bb\u5f00\u516d\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e8e1966\u5e74\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u6211\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e2d\u5b97\u6559\u65e0\u5f3a\u8feb\u3002\u6211\u5bf9\u5979\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e3a\u4e86\u6211\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\uff0c\u7b49\u4f60\u786e\u5b9a\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fdf\u3002\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5979\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u62c5\u5fc3\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u516c\u5f00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89c6\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u658b\u6708\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u90fd\u658b\u6212\u793c\u62dc\u65f6\u5979\u4e5f\u658b\u6212\u3002\u5973\u513f\u7eb3\u5409\u5a03\u662f\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u513f\u5b50\u4f18\u7d20\u798f\u662f\u836f\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u54f2\u739b\u9c81\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u81ea\u4ece1961\u5e74\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u51fa\u7248\u4e66\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u3001\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u548c\u4e1c\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u53cd\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u51c6\u5907\u8fdb\u884c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e00\u795e\u6559\u4e2d\u5973\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e2d\u5987\u5973\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1973\u5e74\u6211\u53bb\u9ea6\u52a0\u671d\u89d0\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u5728\u5ba3\u4f20\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u6148\u5584\u56e2\u4f53\u4e3e\u529e\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u30021974\u5e74\u6211\u63a5\u53d7\u82cf\u4e39\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5168\u90e8\u7528\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9605\u8bfb\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u548c\u300a\u7a46\u5723\u4f20\u8bb0\u300b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u548c\u300a\u7a46\u5723\u4f20\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u6700\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7279\u8272\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u518d\u76f8\u4fe1\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u4e00\u795e\u8bba\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u6211\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u4e0d\u50cf\u4ed6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fe1\u6761\u8ba9\u6211\u6210\u4e3a\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u5076\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4ec6\u4eba\u3002\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5974\u5f79\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u559c\u6b22\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u5bbd\u5bb9\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u559c\u6b22\u5b89\u62c9\u548c\u4ec6\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    <\/strong>“\u4f60\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u7684\u8fc7\u5206\u81ea\u5bb3\u7684\u4f17\u4ec6\u5440<\/strong>!<\/strong>\u4f60\u4eec\u5bf9\u771f\u4e3b\u7684\u6069\u60e0\u4e0d\u8981\u7edd\u671b\uff0c\u771f\u4e3b\u5fc5\u5b9a\u8d66\u5ba5\u4e00\u5207\u7f6a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u786e\u662f\u81f3\u8d66\u7684\uff0c\u786e\u662f\u81f3\u6148\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5211\u7f5a\u6765\u4e34\u4f60\u4eec\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u4eec\u4e0d\u83b7\u63f4\u52a9\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5f53\u5f52\u4f9d\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u3002”<\/strong>(<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong> 39:53-54)<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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