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The Quran on Human Embryonic Development<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

In the Holy Quran, God speaks about the stages of man’s embryonic development:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“We created man from an extract of clay.  Then We made him as a drop in a place of settlement, firmly fixed.  Then We made the drop into an alaqah<\/em> (leech, suspended thing, and blood clot), then We made the alaqah<\/em> into a mudghah<\/em>(chewed substance)…” (Quran 23:12-14)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Literally, the Arabic word alaqah<\/em> has three meanings: (1) leech, (2) suspended thing, and (3) blood clot.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In comparing a leech to an embryo in the alaqah<\/em> stage, we find similarity between the two[1]<\/a>  as we can see in figure 1.  Also, the embryo at this stage obtains nourishment from the blood of the mother, similar to the leech, which feeds on the blood of others.[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Figure 1: Drawings illustrating the similarities in appearance between a leech and a human embryo at the alaqah<\/em> stage. (Leech drawing from Human Development as Described in the Quran and Sunnah, Moore and others, p. 37, modified from Integrated Principles of Zoology, Hickman and others.  Embryo drawing from The Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 73.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

The second meaning of the word alaqah<\/em> is “suspended thing.”  This is what we can see in figures 2 and 3, the suspension of the embryo, during the alaqah<\/em> stage, in the womb of the mother.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 2: We can see in this diagram the suspension of an embryo during the alaqah<\/em> stage in the womb (uterus) of the mother. (The Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 66.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 3: In this photomicrograph, we can see the suspension of an embryo (marked B) during the alaqah<\/em> stage (about 15 days old) in the womb of the mother.  The actual size of the embryo is about 0.6 mm. (The Developing Human, Moore, 3rd ed., p. 66, from Histology, Leeson and Leeson.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

The third meaning of the word alaqah<\/em> is “blood clot.”  We find that the external appearance of the embryo and its sacs during the alaqah<\/em> stage is similar to that of a blood clot.  This is due to the presence of relatively large amounts of blood present in the embryo during this stage[3]<\/span><\/span><\/a>  (see figure 4).  Also during this stage, the blood in the embryo does not circulate until the end of the third week.[4]<\/span><\/span><\/a>  Thus, the embryo at this stage is like a clot of blood.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 4: Diagram of the primitive cardiovascular system in an embryo during the alaqah<\/em>stage.  The external appearance of the embryo and its sacs is similar to that of a blood clot, due to the presence of relatively large amounts of blood present in the embryo. (The Developing Human, Moore, 5th ed., p. 65.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

So the three meanings of the word alaqah<\/em> correspond accurately to the descriptions of the embryo at the alaqah<\/em> stage.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The next stage mentioned in the verse is the mudghah stage.  The Arabic word mudghah means “chewed substance.”  If one were to take a piece of gum and chew it in his or her mouth and then compare it with an embryo at the mudghah stage, we would conclude that the embryo at the mudghah stage acquires the appearance of a chewed substance.  This is because of the somites at the back of the embryo that “somewhat resemble teethmarks in a chewed substance.”[5]<\/span><\/span><\/a> (see figures 5 and 6).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Figure 5: Photograph of an embryo at the mudghah stage (28 days old).  The embryo at this stage acquires the appearance of a chewed substance, because the somites at the back of the embryo somewhat resemble teeth marks in a chewed substance.  The actual size of the embryo is 4 mm. (The Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 82, from Professor Hideo Nishimura, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 6: When comparing the appearance of an embryo at the mudghah stage with a piece of gum that has been chewed, we find similarity between the two.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A)        Drawing of an embryo at the mudghah stage.  We can see here the somites at the back of the embryo that look like teeth marks. (The Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 79.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

B)        Photograph of a piece of gum that has been chewed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

How could Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, have possibly known all this 1400 years ago, when scientists have only recently discovered this using advanced equipment and powerful microscopes which did not exist at that time?  Hamm and Leeuwenhoek were the first scientists to observe human sperm cells (spermatozoa) using an improved microscope in 1677 (more than 1000 years after Muhammad).  They mistakenly thought that the sperm cell contained a miniature preformed human being that grew when it was deposited in the female genital tract.[6]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Professor Emeritus Keith L. Moore[7]<\/span><\/span><\/a>  is one of the world’s most prominent scientists in the fields of anatomy and embryology and is the author of the book entitled The Developing Human, which has been translated into eight languages.  This book is a scientific reference work and was chosen by a special committee in the United States as the best book authored by one person.  Dr. Keith Moore is Professor Emeritus of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.  There, he was Associate Dean of Basic Sciences at the Faculty of Medicine and for 8 years was the Chairman of the Department of Anatomy.  In 1984, he received the most distinguished award presented in the field of anatomy in Canada, the J.C.B. Grant Award from the Canadian Association of Anatomists.  He has directed many international associations, such as the Canadian and American Association of Anatomists and the Council of the Union of Biological Sciences.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In 1981, during the Seventh Medical Conference in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Professor Moore said: “It has been a great pleasure for me to help clarify statements in the Quran about human development.  It is clear to me that these statements must have come to Muhammad from God, because almost all of this knowledge was not discovered until many centuries later.  This proves to me that Muhammad must have been a messenger of God.”[8]<\/span><\/span><\/a> (To view the RealPlayer video of this comment click here<\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Consequently, Professor Moore was asked the following question: “Does this mean that you believe that the Quran is the word of God?”  He replied: “I find no difficulty in accepting this.”[9]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

During one conference, Professor Moore stated: “....Because the staging of human embryos is complex, owing to the continuous process of change during development, it is proposed that a new system of classification could be developed using the terms mentioned in the Quran and Sunnah (what Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, said, did, or approved of).  The proposed system is simple, comprehensive, and conforms with present embryological knowledge.  The intensive studies of the Quran and hadeeth (reliably transmitted reports by the Prophet Muhammad’s companions of what he said, did, or approved of) in the last four years have revealed a system for classifying human embryos that is amazing since it was recorded in the seventh century A.D.  Although Aristotle, the founder of the science of embryology, realized that chick embryos developed in stages from his studies of hen’s eggs in the fourth century B.C., he did not give any details about these stages.  As far as it is known from the history of embryology, little was known about the staging and classification of human embryos until the twentieth century.  For this reason, the descriptions of the human embryo in the Quran cannot be based on scientific knowledge in the seventh century.  The only reasonable conclusion is: these descriptions were revealed to Muhammad from God.  He could not have known such details because he was an illiterate man with absolutely no scientific training.”[10]<\/span><\/span><\/a> (View the RealPlayer video of this comment<\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n


\r\n
\r\n Footnotes: <\/span>\r\n
\r\n

[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a> The Developing Human<\/em>, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 8.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Human Development as Described in the Quran and Sunnah<\/em>, Moore and others, p. 36.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[3]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Human Development as Described in the Quran and Sunnah<\/em>, Moore and others, pp. 37-38.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[4]<\/span><\/span><\/a> The Developing Human<\/em>, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 65.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[5]<\/span><\/span><\/a> The Developing Human<\/em>, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 8.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[6]<\/span><\/span><\/a> The Developing Human<\/em>, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 9.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[7]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Note: The occupations of all the scientists mentioned in this web site were last updated in 1997.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[8]<\/span><\/span><\/a> The reference for this saying is This is the Truth <\/em>(videotape).  For a copy of this videotape, please visit www.islam-guide.com\/truth.htm<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[9]<\/span><\/span><\/a> This is the Truth<\/em> (videotape).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[10]<\/span><\/span><\/a> This is the Truth <\/em>(videotape).  For a copy, see footnote no. 9.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n


<\/span><\/p>\r\n


<\/span><\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":29674,"lft":15,"rght":26,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-09T19:58:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-05T15:05:20.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":58,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":5,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"www.islam-guide.com","category_name":"Scientific Miracles","category_slug":"Scientific-Miracles","get_date":"2014-07-09","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en_The Quran on Human Embryonic Development.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en_The Quran on Human Embryonic Development.docx"},{"id":117,"title":"The Quran on Mountains","slug":"the-quran-on-mountains","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/en_The Quran on Mountains.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/en_The Quran on Mountains.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:the-quran-on-mountains","hint":"","body":"

The Quran on Mountains<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

A book entitled Earth is a basic reference textbook in many universities around the world.  One of its two authors is Professor Emeritus Frank Press.  He was the Science Advisor to former US President Jimmy Carter, and for 12 years was the President of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. His book says that mountains have underlying roots.[1]<\/a>  These roots are deeply embedded in the ground, thus, mountains have a shape like a peg (see figures 1, 2, and 3).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 1: Mountains have deep roots under the surface of the ground. (Earth, Press and Siever, p. 413.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 2: Schematic section.  The mountains, like pegs, have deep roots embedded in the ground. (Anatomy of the Earth, Cailleux, p. 220.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Figure 3: Another illustration shows how the mountains are peg-like in shape, due to their deep roots. (Earth Science, Tarbuck and Lutgens, p. 158.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

This is how the Quran has described mountains.  God has said in the Quran:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Have We not made the earth as a bed, and the mountains as pegs?” (Quran 78:6-7)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Modern earth sciences have proven that mountains have deep roots under the surface of the ground (see figure 3) and that these roots can reach several times their elevations above the surface of the ground.[2]<\/a>  So the most suitable word to describe mountains on the basis of this information is the word ‘peg,’ since most of a properly set peg is hidden under the surface of the ground.  The history of science tells us that the theory of mountains having deep roots was introduced only in the latter half of the nineteenth century.[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Mountains also play an important role in stabilizing the crust of the earth.[4]<\/a>  They hinder the shaking of the earth.  God has said in the Quran:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And He has set firm mountains in the earth so that it would not shake with you...” (Quran 16:15)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Likewise, the modern theory of plate tectonics holds that mountains work as stabilizers for the earth.  This knowledge about the role of mountains as stabilizers for the earth has just begun to be understood in the framework of plate tectonics since the late 1960’s.[5]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Could anyone during the time of the Prophet Muhammad have known of the true shape of mountains?  Could anyone imagine that the solid massive mountain which he sees before him actually extends deep into the earth and has a root, as scientists assert?  A large number of books of geology, when discussing mountains, only describe that part which is above the surface of the earth.  This is because these books were not written by specialists in geology.  However, modern geology has confirmed the truth of the Quranic verses.<\/span><\/p>\r\n


\r\n
\r\n Footnotes: <\/span>\r\n
\r\n

[1]<\/a> Earth<\/em>, Press and Siever, p. 435.  Also see Earth Science<\/em>, Tarbuck and Lutgens, p. 157.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[2]<\/a> The Geological Concept of Mountains in the Quran<\/em>, El-Naggar, p. 5.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[3]<\/a> The Geological Concept of Mountains in the Quran<\/em>, p. 5.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[4]<\/a> The Geological Concept of Mountains in the Quran<\/em>, pp. 44-45.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[5]<\/a> The Geological Concept of Mountains in the Quran<\/em>, p. 5.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":31614,"lft":27,"rght":38,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-10T21:41:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-05T15:45:29.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":58,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":5,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"www.islam-guide.com","category_name":"Scientific Miracles","category_slug":"Scientific-Miracles","get_date":"2014-07-10","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en_The Quran on Mountains.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en_The Quran on Mountains.docx"},{"id":121,"title":"The Quran on the Origin of the Universe","slug":"the-quran-on-the-origin-of-the-universe","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/53ce426b-17c4-420c-8a14-5f7db8adb1fd-The Quran on the Origin of the Universe.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/53ce426b-e29c-4f78-bf0e-5f7db8adb1fd-The Quran on the Origin of the Universe.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:the-quran-on-the-origin-of-the-universe","hint":"","body":"

The Quran on the Origin of the Universe<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

The science of modern cosmology, observational and theoretical, clearly indicates that, at one point in time, the whole universe was nothing but a cloud of ‘smoke’ (i.e. an opaque highly dense and hot gaseous composition).[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a>  This is one of the undisputed principles of standard modern cosmology.  Scientists now can observe new stars forming out of the remnants of that ‘smoke’ (see figures 1 and 2).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 1: A new star forming out of a cloud of gas and dust (nebula), which is one of the remnants of the ‘smoke’ that was the origin of the whole universe. (The Space Atlas, Heather and Henbest, p. 50.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 2: The Lagoon nebula is a cloud of gas and dust, about 60 light years in diameter.  It is excited by the ultraviolet radiation of the hot stars that have recently formed within its bulk. (Horizons, Exploring the Universe, Seeds, plate 9, from Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

The illuminating stars we see at night were, just as was the whole universe, in that ‘smoke’ material.  God has said in the Quran:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Then He turned to the heaven when it was smoke...” (Quran 41:11)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Because the earth and the heavens above (the sun, the moon, stars, planets, galaxies, etc.) have been formed from this same ‘smoke,’ we conclude that the earth and the heavens were one connected entity.  Then out of this homogeneous ‘smoke,’ they formed and separated from each other. God has said in the Quran:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Have not those who disbelieved known that the heavens and the earth were one connected entity, then We separated them?...” (Quran 21:30)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dr. Alfred Kroner is one of the world’s renowned geologists.  He is Professor of Geology and the Chairman of the Department of Geology at the Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.  He said: “Thinking where Muhammad came from . . . I think it is almost impossible that he could have known about things like the common origin of the universe, because scientists have only found out within the last few years, with very complicated and advanced technological methods, that this is the case.”[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a>  (To view the RealPlayer video of this comment click here<\/a>).  Also he said: “Somebody who did not know something about nuclear physics fourteen hundred years ago could not, I think, be in a position to find out from his own mind, for instance, that the earth and the heavens had the same origin.”[3]<\/span><\/span><\/a> (View the RealPlayer video of this comment<\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n


\r\n
\r\n Footnotes: <\/span>\r\n
\r\n

[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a> The First Three Minutes, a Modern View of the Origin of the Universe<\/em>, Weinberg, pp. 94-105.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a> The reference for this saying is This is the Truth<\/em> (videotape).  For a copy of this videotape, please visit this page<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[3]<\/span><\/span><\/a> This is the Truth<\/em> (videotape).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":34858,"lft":39,"rght":48,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-12T10:48:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-05T15:50:50.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":58,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":5,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"www.islam-guide.com","category_name":"Scientific Miracles","category_slug":"Scientific-Miracles","get_date":"2014-07-12","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/53ce426b-e29c-4f78-bf0e-5f7db8adb1fd-The Quran on the Origin of the Universe.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/53ce426b-17c4-420c-8a14-5f7db8adb1fd-The Quran on the Origin of the Universe.docx"},{"id":122,"title":"The Quran on the Cerebrum","slug":"the-quran-on-the-cerebrum","word":"","pdf":"","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:the-quran-on-the-cerebrum","hint":"","body":"

The Quran on the Cerebrum<\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

God has said in the Quran about one of the evil unbelievers who forbade the Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, from praying at the Kaaba:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“No!  If he does not stop, We will take him by the naseyah<\/em>(front of the head), a lying, sinful naseyah<\/em> (front of the head)!” (Quran 96:15-16)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"Why did the Quran describe the front of the head as being lying and sinful?  Why didn’t the Quran say that the person was lying and sinful?  What is the relationship between the front of the head and lying and sinfulness?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

If we look into the skull at the front of the head, we will find the prefrontal area of the cerebrum (see figure 1).  What does physiology tell us about the function of this area?  A book entitled Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology<\/em> says about this area, “The motivation and the foresight to plan and initiate movements occur in the anterior portion of the frontal lobes, the prefrontal area. This is a region of association cortex...”[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a>  Also the book says, “In relation to its involvement in motivation, the prefrontal area is also thought to be the functional center for aggression....”[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 1: Functional regions of the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex.  The prefrontal area is located at the front of the cerebral cortex. (Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, <\/em>Seeley and others, p. 210.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

So, this area of the cerebrum is responsible for planning, motivating, and initiating good and sinful behavior and is responsible for the telling of lies and the speaking of truth.  Thus, it is proper to describe the front of the head as lying and sinful when someone lies or commits a sin, as the Quran has said, “...A lying, sinful naseyah<\/em> (front of the head)!”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Scientists have only discovered these functions of the prefrontal area in the last sixty years, according to Professor Keith L. Moore.[3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n


\r\n
\r\n Footnotes: <\/span>\r\n
\r\n

[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology<\/em>, Seeley and others, p. 211.  Also see The Human Nervous System<\/em>, Noback and others, pp. 410-411.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology<\/em>, Seeley and others, p. 211.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[3]<\/span><\/span><\/a>Al-E<\/em>’jaz al-Elmy fee al-Naseyah<\/em> (The Scientific Miracles in the Front of the Head), Moore and others, p. 41.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":19631,"lft":49,"rght":58,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-12T10:48:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-05T15:32:12.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":58,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":5,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"www.islam-guide.com","category_name":"Scientific Miracles","category_slug":"Scientific-Miracles","get_date":"2014-07-12","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/"},{"id":123,"title":"The Quran on Seas and Rivers","slug":"the-quran-on-seas-and-rivers","word":"","pdf":"","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:the-quran-on-seas-and-rivers","hint":"","body":"\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n

\"\"Modern Science has discovered that in the places where two different seas meet, there is a barrier between them.  This barrier divides the two seas so that each sea has its own temperature, salinity, and density.[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a>  For example, Mediterranean sea water is warm, saline, and less dense, compared to Atlantic ocean water.  When Mediterranean sea water enters the Atlantic over the Gibraltar sill, it moves several hundred kilometers into the Atlantic at a depth of about 1000 meters with its own warm, saline, and less dense characteristics.  The Mediterranean water stabilizes at this depth[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a> (see figure 1).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 1: The Mediterranean sea water as it enters the Atlantic over the Gibraltar sill with its own warm, saline, and less dense characteristics, because of the barrier that distinguishes between them.  Temperatures are in degrees Celsius (C°). (Marine Geology, Kuenen, p. 43, with a slight enhancement.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Although there are large waves, strong currents, and tides in these seas, they do not mix or transgress this barrier.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Holy Quran mentioned that there is a barrier between two seas that meet and that they do not transgress.  God has said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“He has set free the two seas meeting together.  There is a barrier between them.  They do not transgress.” (Quran 55:19-20)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

But when the Quran speaks about the divider between fresh and salt water, it mentions the existence of “a forbidding partition” with the barrier.  God has said in the Quran:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“He is the one who has set free the two kinds of water, one sweet and palatable, and the other salty and bitter.  And He has made between them a barrier and a forbidding partition.” (Quran 25:53)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

One may ask, why did the Quran mention the partition when speaking about the divider between fresh and salt water, but did not mention it when speaking about the divider between the two seas?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Modern science has discovered that in estuaries, where fresh (sweet) and salt water meet, the situation is somewhat different from what is found in places where two seas meet.  It has been discovered that what distinguishes fresh water from salt water in estuaries is a “pycnocline zone with a marked density discontinuity separating the two layers.”[3]<\/span><\/span><\/a>  This partition (zone of separation) has a different salinity from the fresh water and from the salt water[4]<\/span><\/span><\/a> (see figure 2).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 2: Longitudinal section showing salinity (parts per thousand ‰) in an estuary.  We can see here the partition (zone of separation) between the fresh and the salt water. (Introductory Oceanography<\/em>, Thurman, p. 301, with a slight enhancement.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

This information has been discovered only recently, using advanced equipment to measure temperature, salinity, density, oxygen dissolubility, etc.  The human eye cannot see the difference between the two seas that meet, rather the two seas appear to us as one homogeneous sea.  Likewise, the human eye cannot see the division of water in estuaries into the three kinds: fresh water, salt water, and the partition (zone of separation).<\/span><\/p>\r\n


\r\n
\r\n Footnotes: <\/span>\r\n
\r\n

[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Principles of Oceanography<\/em>, Davis, pp. 92-93.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Principles of Oceanography<\/em>, Davis, p. 93.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[3]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Oceanography<\/em>, Gross, p. 242.  Also see Introductory Oceanography<\/em>, Thurman, pp. 300-301.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[4]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Oceanography<\/em>, Gross, p. 244, and Introductory Oceanography, Thurman, pp. 300-301.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":36512,"lft":59,"rght":68,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-12T10:48:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-05T15:34:01.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":58,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":5,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"www.islam-guide.com","category_name":"Scientific Miracles","category_slug":"Scientific-Miracles","get_date":"2014-07-12","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/"},{"id":124,"title":"The Quran on Deep Seas and Internal Waves","slug":"the-quran-on-deep-seas-and-internal-waves","word":"","pdf":"","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:the-quran-on-deep-seas-and-internal-waves","hint":"","body":"

The Quran on Deep Seas and Internal Waves<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

God has said in the Quran:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Or (the unbelievers’ state) is like the darkness in a deep sea.  It is covered by waves, above which are waves, above which are clouds.  Darknesses, one above another.  If a man stretches out his hand, he cannot see it....” (Quran 24:40)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"This verse mentions the darkness found in deep seas and oceans, where if a man stretches out his hand, he cannot see it.  The darkness in deep seas and oceans is found around a depth of 200 meters and below.  At this depth, there is almost no light (see figure 1).  Below a depth of 1000 meters there is no light at all.[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a>  Human beings are not able to dive more than forty meters without the aid of submarines or special equipment.  Human beings cannot survive unaided in the deep dark part of the oceans, such as at a depth of 200 meters.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 1: Between 3 and 30 percent of the sunlight is reflected at the sea surface.  Then almost all of the seven colors of the light spectrum are absorbed one after another in the first 200 meters, except the blue light. (Oceans<\/em>, Elder and Pernetta, p. 27.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Scientists have recently discovered this darkness by means of special equipment and submarines that have enabled them to dive into the depths of the oceans.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

We can also understand from the following sentences in the previous verse,“...in a deep sea.  It is covered by waves, above which are waves, above which are clouds....”<\/strong>, that the deep waters of seas and oceans are covered by waves, and above these waves are other waves.  It is clear that the second set of waves are the surface waves that we see, because the verse mentions that above the second waves there are clouds.  But what about the first waves?  Scientists have recently discovered that there are internal waves which “occur on density interfaces between layers of different densities.”[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a> (see figure 2).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 2: Internal waves at interface between two layers of water of different densities.  One is dense (the lower one), the other one is less dense (the upper one). (Oceanography<\/em>, Gross, p. 204.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

The internal waves cover the deep waters of seas and oceans because the deep waters have a higher density than the waters above them.  Internal waves act like surface waves.  They can also break, just like surface waves.  Internal waves cannot be seen by the human eye, but they can be detected by studying temperature or salinity changes at a given location.[3]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n


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\r\n Footnotes: <\/span>\r\n
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[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Oceans<\/em>, Elder and Pernetta, p. 27.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Oceanography<\/em>, Gross, p. 205.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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[3]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Oceanography<\/em>, Gross, p. 205.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":31876,"lft":69,"rght":78,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-12T10:48:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-05T15:09:44.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":58,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":5,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"www.islam-guide.com","category_name":"Scientific Miracles","category_slug":"Scientific-Miracles","get_date":"2014-07-12","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/"},{"id":125,"title":"The Quran on Clouds","slug":"the-quran-on-clouds","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-The Quran on Clouds.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-The_Quran_on_Clouds.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:the-quran-on-clouds","hint":"","body":"

The Quran on Clouds<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Scientists have studied cloud types and have realized that rain clouds are formed and shaped according to definite systems and certain steps connected with certain types of wind and clouds.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

One kind of rain cloud is the cumulonimbus cloud.  Meteorologists have studied how cumulonimbus clouds are formed and how they produce rain, hail, and lightning.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

They have found that cumulonimbus clouds go through the following steps to produce rain:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1)                  The clouds are pushed by the wind:<\/span> Cumulonimbus clouds begin to form when wind pushes some small pieces of clouds (cumulus clouds) to an area where these clouds converge (see figures 1 and 2).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 1: Satellite photo showing the clouds moving towards the convergence areas B, C, and D.  The arrows indicate the directions of the wind. (The Use of Satellite Pictures in Weather Analysis and Forecasting<\/em>, Anderson and others, p. 188.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 2: Small pieces of clouds (cumulus clouds) moving towards a convergence zone near the horizon, where we can see a large cumulonimbus cloud. (Clouds and Storms<\/em>, Ludlam, plate 7.4.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

2)                  Joining:<\/span> Then the small clouds join together forming a larger cloud[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a>(see figures 1 and 2).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 2: (A) Isolated small pieces of clouds (cumulus clouds).  (B) When the small clouds join together, updrafts within the larger cloud increase, so the cloud is stacked up.  Water drops are indicated by ·. (The Atmosphere<\/em>, Anthes and others, p. 269.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

3)                  Stacking:<\/span> When the small clouds join together, updrafts within the larger cloud increase.  The updrafts near the center of the cloud are stronger than those near the edges.[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a>  These updrafts cause the cloud body to grow vertically, so the cloud is stacked up (see figures 2 (B), 3, and 4).  This vertical growth causes the cloud body to stretch into cooler regions of the atmosphere, where drops of water and hail formulate and begin to grow larger and larger.  When these drops of water and hail become too heavy for the updrafts to support them, they begin to fall from the cloud as rain, hail, etc.[3]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Figure 3: A cumulonimbus cloud.  After the cloud is stacked up, rain comes out of it. (Weather and Climate, Bodin, p.123.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Figure 4: A cumulonimbus cloud. (A Colour Guide to Clouds<\/em>, Scorer and Wexler, p. 23.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

God has said in the Quran:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Have you not seen how God makes the clouds move gently, then joins them together, then makes them into a stack, and then you see the rain come out of it....” (Quran 24:43)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Meteorologists have only recently come to know these details of cloud formation, structure, and function by using advanced equipment like planes, satellites, computers, balloons, and other equipment, to study wind and its direction, to measure humidity and its variations, and to determine the levels and variations of atmospheric pressure.[4]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

The preceding verse, after mentioning clouds and rain, speaks about hail and lightning:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“....And He sends down hail from mountains (clouds) in the sky, and He strikes with it whomever He wills, and turns it from whomever He wills. The vivid flash of its lightning nearly blinds the sight.” (Quran 24:43)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Meteorologists have found that these cumulonimbus clouds, that shower hail, reach a height of 25,000 to 30,000 ft (4.7 to 5.7 miles),[5]<\/span><\/span><\/a> like mountains, as the Quran said, “...And He sends down hail from mountains (clouds) in the sky...”<\/strong>(see figure 4 above).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This verse may raise a question.  Why does the verse say “its lightning”<\/strong> in a reference to the hail?  Does this mean that hail is the major factor in producing lightning?  Let us see what the book entitled Meteorology Today<\/em> says about this.  It says that a cloud becomes electrified as hail falls through a region in the cloud of supercooled droplets and ice crystals.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"As liquid droplets collide with a hailstone, they freeze on contact and release latent heat.  This keeps the surface of the hailstone warmer than that of the surrounding ice crystals.  When the hailstone comes in contact with an ice crystal, an important phenomenon occurs: electrons flow from the colder object toward the warmer object.  Hence, the hailstone becomes negatively charged.  The same effect occurs when supercooled droplets come in contact with a hailstone and tiny splinters of positively charged ice break off.  These lighter positively charged particles are then carried to the upper part of the cloud by updrafts.  The hail, left with a negative charge, falls towards the bottom of the cloud, thus the lower part of the cloud becomes negatively charged.  These negative charges are then discharged as lightning.[6]<\/span><\/span><\/a>  We conclude from this that hail is the major factor in producing lightning.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This information on lightning was discovered recently.  Until 1600 AD, Aristotle’s ideas on meteorology were dominant.  For example, he said that the atmosphere contains two kinds of exhalation, moist and dry.  He also said that thunder is the sound of the collision of the dry exhalation with the neighboring clouds, and lightning is the inflaming and burning of the dry exhalation with a thin and faint fire.[7]<\/span><\/span><\/a>  These are some of the ideas on meteorology that were dominant at the time of the Quran’s revelation, fourteen centuries ago.<\/span><\/p>\r\n


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\r\n Footnotes: <\/span>\r\n
\r\n

[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a> See The Atmosphere<\/em>, Anthes and others, pp. 268-269, and Elements of Meteorology<\/em>, Miller and Thompson, p. 141.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a> The updrafts near the center are stronger, because they are protected from the cooling effects by the outer portion of the cloud.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[3]<\/span><\/span><\/a> See The Atmosphere<\/em>, Anthes and others, p. 269, and Elements of Meteorology<\/em>, Miller and Thompson, pp. 141-142.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[4]<\/span><\/span><\/a> See Ee<\/em>’jaz al-Quran al-Kareem fee Wasf Anwa<\/em>’ al-Riyah, al-Sohob, al-Matar<\/em>, Makky and others, p. 55.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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[5]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Elements of Meteorology<\/em>, Miller and Thompson, p. 141.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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[6]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Meteorology Today<\/em>, Ahrens, p. 437.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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[7]<\/span><\/span><\/a> The Works of Aristotle Translated into English: Meteorologica<\/em>, vol. 3, Ross and others, pp. 369a-369b.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":31066,"lft":79,"rght":88,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-12T10:48:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-05T15:59:16.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":58,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":5,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"www.islam-guide.com","category_name":"Scientific Miracles","category_slug":"Scientific-Miracles","get_date":"2014-07-12","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-The_Quran_on_Clouds.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-The Quran on Clouds.docx"},{"id":126,"title":"Scientists\u2019 Comments on the Scientific Miracles in the Holy Quran","slug":"scientists-comments-on-the-scientific-miracles-in-the-holy-quran","word":"","pdf":"","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:scientists-comments-on-the-scientific-miracles-in-the-holy-quran","hint":"","body":"

Scientists’ Comments on the Scientific Miracles in the Holy Quran<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

The following are some comments of scientists[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a>  on the scientific miracles in the Holy Quran.  All of these comments have been taken from the videotape entitled This is the Truth<\/em>.  In this videotape, you can see and hear the scientists while they are giving the following comments.  (To view the RealPlayer video of a comment, click on the link at the end of that comment.  For a copy of this videotape, please visit this page<\/a>.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1)    Dr. T. V. N. Persaud is Professor of Anatomy, Professor of Pediatrics and Child Health, and Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.  There, he was the Chairman of the Department of Anatomy for 16 years.  He is well-known in his field.  He is the author or editor of 22 textbooks and has published over 181 scientific papers.  In 1991, he received the most distinguished award presented in the field of anatomy in Canada, the J.C.B. Grant Award from the Canadian Association of Anatomists.  When he was asked about the scientific miracles in the Quran which he has researched, he stated the following:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“The way it was explained to me is that Muhammad was a very ordinary man.  He could not read, didn’t know [how] to write. In fact, he was an illiterate.  And we’re talking about twelve [actually about fourteen] hundred years ago.  You have someone illiterate making profound pronouncements and statements and that are amazingly accurate about scientific nature.  And I personally can’t see how this could be a mere chance.  There are too many accuracies and, like Dr. Moore, I have no difficulty in my mind that this is a divine inspiration or revelation which led him to these statements.”  (View the RealPlayer video of this comment<\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Professor Persaud has included some Quranic verses and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, in some of his books.  He has also presented these verses and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad at several conferences.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2)    Dr. Joe Leigh Simpson is the Chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Professor of Molecular and Human Genetics at the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.  Formerly, he was Professor of Ob-Gyn and the Chairman of the Department of Ob-Gyn at the University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.  He was also the President of the American Fertility Society.  He has received many awards, including the Association of Professors of Obstetrics and Gynecology Public Recognition Award in 1992.  Professor Simpson studied the following two sayings of the Prophet Muhammad:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“In every one of you, all components of your creation are collected together in your mother’s womb by forty days...”[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“If forty-two nights have passed over the embryo, God sends an angel to it, who shapes it and creates its hearing, vision, skin, flesh, and bones....”[3]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

He studied these two sayings of the Prophet Muhammad extensively, noting that the first forty days constitute a clearly distinguishable stage of embryo-genesis.  He was particularly impressed by the absolute precision and accuracy of those sayings of the Prophet Muhammad.  Then, during one conference, he gave the following opinion:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“So that the two hadeeths<\/em> (the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) that have been noted provide us with a specific time table for the main embryological development before forty days.  Again, the point has been made, I think, repeatedly by other speakers this morning: these hadeeths<\/em> could not have been obtained on the basis of the scientific knowledge that was available [at] the time of their writing . . . . It follows, I think, that not only there is no conflict between genetics and religion but, in fact, religion can guide science by adding revelation to some of the traditional scientific approaches, that there exist statements in the Quran shown centuries later to be valid, which support knowledge in the Quran having been derived from God.”  (View the RealPlayer video of this comment<\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

3)    Dr. E. Marshall Johnson is Professor Emeritus of Anatomy and Developmental Biology at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.  There, for 22 years he was Professor of Anatomy, the Chairman of the Department of Anatomy, and the Director of the Daniel Baugh Institute.  He was also the President of the Teratology Society.  He has authored more than 200 publications.  In 1981, during the Seventh Medical Conference in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Professor Johnson said in the presentation of his research paper:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Summary: The Quran describes not only the development of external form, but emphasizes also the internal stages, the stages inside the embryo, of its creation and development, emphasizing major events recognized by contemporary science.”  (View the RealPlayer video of this comment<\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Also he said: “As a scientist, I can only deal with things which I can specifically see.  I can understand embryology and developmental biology.  I can understand the words that are translated to me from the Quran.  As I gave the example before, if I were to transpose myself into that era, knowing what I knew today and describing things, I could not describe the things which were described.  I see no evidence for the fact to refute the concept that this individual, Muhammad, had to be developing this information from some place.  So I see nothing here in conflict with the concept that divine intervention was involved in what he was able to write.”[4]<\/span><\/span><\/a>  (View the RealPlayer video of this comment<\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

4)    Dr. William W. Hay is a well-known marine scientist.  He is Professor of Geological Sciences at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.  He was formerly the Dean of the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science at the University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.  After a discussion with Professor Hay about the Quran’s mention of recently discovered facts on seas, he said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“I find it very interesting that this sort of information is in the ancient scriptures of the Holy Quran, and I have no way of knowing where they would come from, but I think it is extremely interesting that they are there and that this work is going on to discover it, the meaning of some of the passages.”  And when he was asked about the source of the Quran, he replied: “Well, I would think it must be the divine being.”  (View the RealPlayer video of this comment<\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

5)    Dr. Gerald C. Goeringer is Course Director and Associate Professor of Medical Embryology at the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.  During the Eighth Saudi Medical Conference in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Professor Goeringer stated the following in the presentation of his research paper:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“In a relatively few aayahs<\/em> (Quranic verses) is contained a rather comprehensive description of human development from the time of commingling of the gametes through organogenesis.  No such distinct and complete record of human development, such as classification, terminology, and description, existed previously.  In most, if not all, instances, this description antedates by many centuries the recording of the various stages of human embryonic and fetal development recorded in the traditional scientific literature.”  (View the RealPlayer video of this comment<\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

6)    Dr. Yoshihide Kozai is Professor Emeritus at Tokyo University, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan, and was the Director of the National Astronomical Observatory, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.  He said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“I am very much impressed by finding true astronomical facts in [the] Quran, and for us the modern astronomers have been studying very small pieces of the universe.  We’ve concentrated our efforts for understanding of [a] very small part.  Because by using telescopes, we can see only very few parts [of] the sky without thinking [about the] whole universe.  So, by reading [the] Quran and by answering to the questions, I think I can find my future way for investigation of the universe.”  (View the RealPlayer video of this comment<\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

7)    Professor Tejatat Tejasen is the Chairman of the Department of Anatomy at Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.  Previously, he was the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the same university.  During the Eighth Saudi Medical Conference in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Professor Tejasen stood up and said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“During the last three years, I became interested in the Quran . . . . From my study and what I have learned from this conference, I believe that everything that has been recorded in the Quran fourteen hundred years ago must be the truth, that can be proved by the scientific means.  Since the Prophet Muhammad could neither read nor write, Muhammad must be a messenger who relayed this truth, which was revealed to him as an enlightenment by the one who is eligible [as the] creator.  This creator must be God.  Therefore, I think this is the time to say La ilaha illa Allah<\/em>, there is no god to worship except Allah (God), Muhammadur rasoolu Allah<\/em>, Muhammad is Messenger (Prophet) of Allah (God).  Lastly, I must congratulate for the excellent and highly successful arrangement for this conference . . . . I have gained not only from the scientific point of view and religious point of view but also the great chance of meeting many well-known scientists and making many new friends among the participants.  The most precious thing of all that I have gained by coming to this place is La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammadur rasoolu Allah<\/em>, and to have become a Muslim.”  (View the RealPlayer video of this comment<\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

After all these examples we have seen about the scientific miracles in the Holy Quran and all these scientists’ comments on this, let us ask ourselves these questions:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

·        Could it be a coincidence that all this recently discovered scientific information from different fields was mentioned in the Quran, which was revealed fourteen centuries ago?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

·        Could this Quran have been authored by Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, or by any other human being?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The only possible answer is that this Quran must be the literal word of God, revealed by Him.<\/span><\/p>\r\n


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\r\n Footnotes: <\/span>\r\n
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[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Note: The occupations of all the scientists mentioned in this web site were last updated in 1997.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Narrated in Saheeh Muslim<\/em> #2643, and Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em> #3208.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Note: What is between these special brackets {...} in this guide is a translation of what the Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, said.  Also note that this symbol # used in the footnotes, indicates the number of the hadeeth<\/em>.  A hadeeth<\/em> is a reliably transmitted report by the Prophet Muhammad’s companions of what he said, did, or approved of.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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[3]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Narrated in Saheeh Muslim<\/em> #2645.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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[4]<\/span><\/span><\/a> The Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, was illiterate.  He could not read nor write, but he dictated the Quran to his Companions and commanded some of them to write it down.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":20094,"lft":89,"rght":98,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-12T10:48:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-05T11:44:38.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":58,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":5,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"www.islam-guide.com","category_name":"Scientific Miracles","category_slug":"Scientific-Miracles","get_date":"2014-07-12","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/"},{"id":127,"title":"The Miracle of Iron","slug":"the-miracle-of-iron","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/53c241b7-6f54-419d-854e-0681b8adb1fd-The Miracle of Iron.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/53c241b7-6744-443d-a9df-0681b8adb1fd-The Miracle of Iron.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:the-miracle-of-iron","hint":"","body":"

The Miracle of Iron<\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Iron is one of the elements highlighted in the Quran. In the chapter known Al-Hadeed<\/em>, meaning Iron, we are informed:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And We also sent down iron in which there lies great force and which has many uses for mankind…” (Quran 57:25)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The word “anzalna<\/em>,” translated as \"sent down\" and used for iron in the verse, could be thought of having a metaphorical meaning to explain that iron has been given to benefit people. But, when we take into consideration the literal meaning of the word, which is, \"being physically sent down from the sky, as this word usage had not been employed in the Quran except literally, like the descending of the rain or revelation, we realize that this verse implies a very significant scientific miracle. Because, modern astronomical findings have disclosed that the iron found in our world has come from giant stars in outer space.[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Not only the iron on earth, but also the iron in the entire Solar System, comes from outer space, since the temperature in the Sun is inadequate for the formation of iron. The sun has a surface temperature of 6,000 degrees Celsius, and a core temperature of approximately 20 million degrees. Iron can only be produced in much larger stars than the Sun, where the temperature reaches a few hundred million degrees. When the amount of iron exceeds a certain level in a star, the star can no longer accommodate it, and it eventually explodes in what is called a \"nova\" or a \"supernova.\" These explosions make it possible for iron to be given off into space.[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

One scientific source provides the following information on this subject:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“There is also evidence for older supernova events: Enhanced levels of iron-60 in deep-sea sediments have been interpreted as indications that a supernova explosion occurred within 90 light-years of the sun about 5 million years ago. Iron-60 is a radioactive isotope of iron, formed in supernova explosions, which decays with a half life of 1.5 million years. An enhanced presence of this isotope in a geologic layer indicates the recent nucleosynthesis of elements nearby in space and their subsequent transport to the earth (perhaps as part of dust grains).”[3]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

All this shows that iron did not form on the Earth, but was carried from Supernovas, and was \"sent down,\" as stated in the verse. It is clear that this fact could not have been known in the 7th<\/sup> century, when the Quran was revealed. Nevertheless, this fact is related in the Quran, the Word of God, Who encompasses all things in His infinite knowledge.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The fact that the verse specifically mentions iron is quite astounding, considering that these discoveries were made at the end of the 20th century. In his book Nature’s Destiny, the well-known microbiologist Michael Denton emphasizes the importance of iron:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Of all the metals there is none more essential to life than iron. It is the accumulation of iron in the center of a star which triggers a supernova explosion and the subsequent scattering of the vital atoms of life throughout the cosmos. It was the drawing by gravity of iron atoms to the center of the primeval earth that generated the heat which caused the initial chemical differentiation of the earth, the outgassing of the early atmosphere, and ultimately the formation of the hydrosphere. It is molten iron in the center of the earth which, acting like a gigantic dynamo, generates the earth’s magnetic field, which in turn creates the Van Allen radiation belts that shield the earth’s surface from destructive high-energy-penetrating cosmic radiation and preserve the crucial ozone layer from cosmic ray destruction…<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Without the iron atom, there would be no carbon-based life in the cosmos; no supernovae, no heating of the primitive earth, no atmosphere or hydrosphere. There would be no protective magnetic field, no Van Allen radiation belts, no ozone layer, no metal to make hemoglobin [in human blood], no metal to tame the reactivity of oxygen, and no oxidative metabolism.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“The intriguing and intimate relationship between life and iron, between the red color of blood and the dying of some distant star, not only indicates the relevance of metals to biology but also the biocentricity of the cosmos…”[4]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

This account clearly indicates the importance of the iron atom. The fact that particular attention is drawn to iron in the Quran also emphasizes the importance of the element.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Moreover, iron oxide particles were used in a cancer treatment in recent months and positive developments were observed. A team led by Dr. Andreas Jordan, at the world famous Charité Hospital in Germany, succeeded in destroying cancer cells with this new technique developed for the treatment of cancer—magnetic fluid hyperthermia (high temperature magnetic liquid). As a result of this technique, first performed on the 26-year-old Nikolaus H., no new cancer cells were observed in the patient in the following three months.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This method of treatment can be summarized as follows:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1. A liquid containing iron oxide particles is injected into the tumour by means of a special syringe. These particles spread throughout the tumour cells. This liquid consists of thousands of millions of particles, 1,000 times smaller than the red blood corpuscles, of iron oxide in 1 cm3 that can easily flow through all blood vessels. [5]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

2. The patient is then placed in a machine with a powerful magnetic field.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

3. This magnetic field, applied externally, begins to set the iron particles in the tumour in motion. During this time the temperature in the tumour containing the iron oxide particles rises by up to 45 degrees.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

4. In a few minutes the cancer cells, unable to protect themselves from the heat, are either weakened or destroyed. The tumour may then be completely eradicated with subsequent chemotherapy.[6]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

In this treatment it is only the cancer cells that are affected by the magnetic field, since only they contain the iron oxide particles. The spread of this technique is a major development in the treatment of this potentially lethal disease. Iron has also been found to be a cure for people suffering from anemia. In the treatment of such a widespread diseases, the use of the expression “iron in which there lies great force and which has many uses for mankind” (Quran, 57:25) in the Quran is particularly noteworthy. Indeed, in that verse, the Quran may be indicating the benefits of iron even for human health. (God knows best.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n


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\r\n Footnotes: <\/span>\r\n
\r\n

[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Dr. Mazhar U. Kazi, 130 Evident Miracles in the Qur'an (New York, USA: Crescent Publishing House: 1998), 110-111; and www.wamy.co.uk\/announcements3.html, from Prof. Zighloul Raghib El-Naggar’s speech.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Ibid.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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[3]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Priscilla Frisch, “The Galactic Environment of the Sun,” American Scientist, January-February 2000, www.americanscientist.org\/template\/AssetDetail\/assetid\/21173?fulltext=true.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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[4]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Michael J. Denton, Nature’s Destiny (The Free Press: 1998), 198.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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[5]<\/span><\/span><\/a> www.inm-gmbh.de\/cgi-bin\/frame\/frameloader.pl?sprache=en&url=http:\/\/www.inm-gmbh.de\/htdocs\/technologien\/highlights\/highlights_en.htm.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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[6]<\/span><\/span><\/a> \"Nanotechnology successfully helps cancer therapies,\" IIC Fast Track, Nanotech News from Eastern Germany, Industrial Investment Council, October 2003; www.iic.de\/uploads\/media\/NANO_FT_Nov2003_01.pdf<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":33468,"lft":99,"rght":112,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-12T10:48:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-05T15:27:14.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":58,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":5,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"www.islam-guide.com","category_name":"Scientific Miracles","category_slug":"Scientific-Miracles","get_date":"2014-07-12","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/53c241b7-6744-443d-a9df-0681b8adb1fd-The Miracle of Iron.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/53c241b7-6f54-419d-854e-0681b8adb1fd-The Miracle of Iron.docx"},{"id":128,"title":"The Quran on the Expanding Universe and the Big Bang Theory","slug":"the-quran-on-the-expanding-universe-and-the-big-bang-theory","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/53c24170-a590-46d6-9cbe-0774b8adb1fd-The Quran on the Expanding Universe and the Big Bang Theory.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/53c24170-bbb8-4b31-812d-0774b8adb1fd-The Quran on the Expanding Universe and the Big Bang Theory.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:the-quran-on-the-expanding-universe-and-the-big-bang-theory","hint":"","body":"

The Quran on the Expanding Universe and the Big Bang Theory<\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Hubble’s Law<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

For thousands of years, astronomers wrestled with basic questions concerning the universe.  Until the early 1920’s, it was believed that the universe had always been in existence; also, that the size of the universe was fixed and not changing.  However, in 1912, the American astronomer, Vesto Slipher, made a discovery that would soon change astronomers’ beliefs about the universe.  Slipher, noticed that the galaxies were moving away from earth at huge velocities.  These observations provided the first evidence supporting the expanding-universe theory.[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

Before the invention of the telescope in 1608, man could do little more than wonder about the origin of the universe. (Courtesy: NASA)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

In 1916, Albert Einstein formulated his General Theory of Relativity that indicated that the universe must be either expanding or contracting.  Confirmation of the expanding-universe theory finally came in 1929 in the hands of the well known American astronomer Edwin Hubble.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

By observing redshifts[2]<\/a> in the light wavelengths emitted by galaxies, Hubble found that galaxies were not fixed in their position; instead, they were actually moving away from us with speeds proportional to their distance from earth (Hubble's Law).  The only explanation for this observation was that the universe had to be expanding.  Hubble’s discovery is regarded as one of the greatest in the history of astronomy.  In 1929, he published the velocity-time relation which is the basis of modern cosmology.  In the years to come, with further observations, the expanding-universe theory was accepted by scientists and astronomers alike.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"See<\/p>\r\n

\"See<\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

With the Hooker Telescope, Hubble discovered that the galaxies were moving away us.  Above are photos of known galaxies.  (Courtesy: NASA)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Yet, astonishingly well before telescopes were even invented and well before Hubble published his Law, Prophet Muhammad used to recite a verse of the Quran to his companions that ultimately stated that the universe is expanding.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And the heaven We created with might, and indeed We are (its) expander.” (Quran 51:47)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

At the time of the revelation of the Quran, the word “space” was not known, and people used the word “heaven” to refer to what lies above the Earth.  In the above verse, the word “heaven” is referring to space and the known universe.  The verse points out that space, and thus the universe, happens to be expanding, just as Hubble’s Law states.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

That the Quran mentioned such a fact centuries before the invention of the first telescope, at a time when there was primitive knowledge in science, is considered remarkable.  This is more so considering that, like many people in his time, Prophet Muhammad happened to be illiterate and simply could not have been aware of such facts by himself.  Could it be that he had truly received divine revelation from the Creator and Originator of the universe?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Big Bang Theory<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Soon after Hubble published his theory, he went on to discover that not only were galaxies moving away from the Earth, but were also moving away from one another.  This meant that the universe happened to be expanding in every direction, in the same way a balloon expands when filled with air.  Hubble’s new findings placed the foundations for the Big Bang theory.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Big Bang theory states that around 12-15 billion years ago the universe came into existence from one single extremely hot and dense point, and that something triggered the explosion of this point that brought about the beginning of the universe.  The universe, since then, has been expanding from this single point.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Later, in 1965, radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson made a Noble Prize winning discovery that confirmed the Bing Bang theory.  Prior to their discovery, the theory implied that if the single point from which the universe came into existence was initially extremely hot, then remnants of this heat should be found.  This remnant heat is exactly what Penzias and Wilson found.  In 1965, Penzias and Wilson discovered a 2.725 degree Kelvin Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB) that spreads through the universe.  Thus, it was understood that the radiation found was a remnant of the initial stages of the Big Bang.  Presently, the Big Bang theory is accepted by the vast majority of scientists and astronomers.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"Cosmic<\/p>\r\n

A microwave map of the leftover from the Big Bang that gave birth to the universe. (Courtesy: NASA)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

It is mentioned in the Quran:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“He (God) is the Originator of the heavens and the earth…” (Quran 6:101)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Is not He who created the heavens and the earth Able to create the likes of them?  Yes; and He is the Knowing Creator. His command is only when He intends a thing that He says to it, ‘Be,’ and it is.” (Quran 36:81-82)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The above verses prove that the universe had a beginning, that God was behind its creation, and all that God needs to do inorder to create is to say “Be,” and it is.  Could this be an explanation as to what triggered off the explosion that brought about the beginning of the universe?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Quran also mentions:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Have those who disbelieved not considered that the heavens and the earth were a joined entity, then We separated them, and made from water every living thing?  Then will they not believe?” (Quran 21:30)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Muslim scholars who have explained the previous verse mention that the heavens and earth were once one, and then God caused them to separate and form into the seven heavens and Earth.  Yet, due to the limitations of science and technology at the time of the revelation of the Quran (and for centuries to follow), no scholar was able to give much detail about how exactly the heavens and earth were created.  What the scholars could explain was the precise meaning of each word in Arabic in the verse, as well as the overall meaning of the verse.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In the previous verse, the Arabic words ratq<\/em> and fataq<\/em> are used.<\/em>  The word ratq<\/em>can be translated into “entity<\/strong>” “sewn to<\/strong>” “joined together<\/strong>” or “closed up<\/strong>”.  The meaning of these translations all circulate around something that is mixed and that has a separate and distinct existence.  The verb fataq<\/em> is translated into “We unstitched<\/strong>” “We clove them asunder<\/strong>” “We separated<\/strong>” or “We have opened them<\/strong>”.  These meanings imply that something comes into being by an action of splitting or tearing apart.  The sprouting of a seed from the soil is a good example of a similar illustration of the meaning of the verb fataq<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

With the introduction of the Big Bang theory, it soon became clear to Muslim scholars that the details mentioned with regards to the theory go identically hand in hand with the description of the creation of the universe in verse 30 of chapter 21 of the Quran.  The theory states that all the matter in the universe came into existence from one single extremely hot and dense point; that exploded and brought about the beginning of the universe, matches what is mentioned in the verse that the heaven and Earth (thus the universe) where once joined together, and  then split apart.  Once again, the only possible explanation is that Prophet Muhammad had truly received divine revelation from God, The Creator and Originator of the universe.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n


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\r\n Footnotes: <\/span>\r\n
\r\n

[1]<\/a> The First Three Minutes, a Modern View of the Origin of the Universe, Weinberg.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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[2]<\/a> When the light an object emits is displaced toward the red end of the spectrum. (http:\/\/bjp.org.cn\/apod\/glossary.htm)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":33142,"lft":113,"rght":122,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-12T10:48:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-05T16:08:39.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":58,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":5,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"www.islam-guide.com","category_name":"Scientific Miracles","category_slug":"Scientific-Miracles","get_date":"2014-07-12","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/53c24170-bbb8-4b31-812d-0774b8adb1fd-The Quran on the Expanding Universe and the Big Bang Theory.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/53c24170-a590-46d6-9cbe-0774b8adb1fd-The Quran on the Expanding Universe and the Big Bang Theory.docx"},{"id":129,"title":"The Victory of the Romans and the Lowest Point on Earth","slug":"the-victory-of-the-romans-and-the-lowest-point-on-earth","word":"","pdf":"","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/node\/the-victory-of-the-romans-and-the-lowest-point-on-earth","hint":"","body":"

The Victory of the Romans and the Lowest Point on Earth<\/span><\/h1>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In the early 7th<\/sup> century, the two most powerful empires at the time were the Byzantine[1]<\/a>  and Persian Empires.  In the years 613 - 614 C.E the two Empires went to war, with the Byzantines suffering a severe defeat at the hands of the Persians.  Damascus and Jerusalem both fell to the Persian Empire.  In the chapter, The Romans<\/em>, in the Holy Quran, it is stated that theByzantines had met with a great defeat but would soon gain victory:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

“The Romans have been defeated in the lowest land, but after their defeat they will soon be victorious.  Within three to nine years.  The decision of the matter, before and after, is with God.” (Quran 30:2-4)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

These verses, above,  were revealed around 620 C.E, almost 7 years after the severe defeat of the Christian Byzantines at the hands of the idolater Persians in 613 – 614 C.E.  Yet it was related in the verses that the Byzantines would shortly be victorious.  In-fact, Byzantine had been so heavily defeated that it seemed impossible for the Empire to even maintain its very existence, let alone be victorious again.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Not only the Persians, but also the Avars, Slavs and Lombards (located to the North and West of the Byzantine Empire) posed serious threats to the Byzantine Empire’s sovereignty.  The Avars had come as far as the walls of Constantinople and  had nearly captured the Emperor, himself.  Many governors had revolted against Emperor Heraclius, and the Empire was on the point of collapse.  Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Armenia, which had earlier  belonged to the Byzantine Empire, were invaded by the Persians.  In short, everyone was expecting the Byzantine Empire to be destroyed, but right at that moment the first verses of the chapter, The Romans, were revealed announcing that the Byzantines would regain triumph in a few years time. Shortly after this revelation, the Byzantine Emperor proceeded to order the gold and silver in churches to be melted and turned into money in order both to meet the demanding expenses of the army, and finance his drive to regain the lost territories.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Around 7 years after the revelation of the first verses of The Romans<\/em>, in December, 627 C.E, a decisive battle between The Byzantine Empire and the Persian Empire was fought in <\/strong>the area around the Dead Sea,[2]<\/a> and this time it was the Byzantine army which surprisingly defeated the Persians.  A few months later, the Persians had to make an agreement with the Byzantines which obliged them to return the territories they had taken from them.  So, in the end, the victory of the Romans proclaimed by God in the Quran miraculously came through.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Another miracle revealed in the mentioned verses is the announcement of a geographical fact that  no-one would have been able to discover in that period.  In the third verse of  The Romans<\/em>, it was mentioned that the Romans were defeated“in the lowest land” (Quran 30:3)<\/strong>.  Significantly, the places where the main battles took place (in Damascus and Jerusalem) lie in a vast area of low-lying land called the Great Rift Valley.  The Great Rift Valley is a huge 5,000 km fault line in the earth’s crust that runs from northern Syria in the Middle-East of Asia to central Mozambique in East Africa.  The northernmost extension runs through Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Jordon.  The rift then extends south to the Gulf of Aden, makes its way through East Africa, then finally ends at the lower Zambezi River valley in Mozambique.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

An interesting fact that has been discovered recently, with the help of satellite images, is that the area around the Dead Sea (located in the Great Rift Valley) has the lowest altitude on Earth. In fact, the lowest point on Earth is the shoreline of the Dead Sea, with an altitude of around 400 meters[3]<\/a>  below sea level.  The fact that it lies at the lowest point means that water does not drain from the sea.  No land point on earth has a lower altitude than the shoreline of the Dead Sea.[4]<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 \"Dead<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Dead Sea Rift Valley, Israel and Jordan October 1984.  Seen from an altitude of 190 nautical miles (350 kilometers) in this near-vertical photograph, the Dead Sea Rift Valley slices south-north through the Middle East. The surface of the Dead Sea, 1292 feet (394 meters) below sea level, is the lowest point on Earth. (Courtesy: The Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, NASA Johnson Space Center, Photo #: STS41G-120-56, http:\/\/eol.jsc.nasa.gov)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Therefore it becomes clear that the country or prefecture which occupies the rift valley in the vicinity of the Dead Sea is what is meant in the Quran by “the lowest land.”<\/strong>  This is a true miracle of the Quran because no-one could have known or foreseen such a fact in the 7th century due to the fact that satellites and modern day technology were not available at the time.  Once again, the only possible explanation is that Prophet Muhammad had truly received divine revelation from God, The Creator and Originator of the universe.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Footnotes: <\/span>\r\n\r\n
\r\n

[1]<\/a> The Arabs also refer to the Byzantines as the Romans.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[2]<\/a> The History of Persia Part I: Ancient Persia<\/em> by Scott Peoples<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[3]<\/a> (http:\/\/hypertextbook.com\/facts\/2000\/SanjeevMenon.shtml)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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[4]<\/a> (http:\/\/www.elnaggarzr.com\/index.php?l=ar&id=51&cat=6)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n","excerpt":"","terms":"","visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":22562,"lft":123,"rght":136,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-12T10:48:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-05T14:52:52.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":58,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":5,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"www.islam-guide.com","category_name":"Scientific Miracles","category_slug":"Scientific-Miracles","get_date":"2014-07-12","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/"},{"id":136,"title":"The Authorship of the Quran","slug":"the-authorship-of-the-quran","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/The Authorship of the Quran.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/The Authorship of the Quran.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:the-authorship-of-the-quran","hint":"","body":"

The Authorship of the Quran<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

1-  <\/strong>The Words of a Human?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Although it is proven that the text of the Quran has remained intact till today, how are we sure that the words actually originated from God and not some other source?  This takes us to look at the authenticity, authority, or source of the Quran.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Concerning the authorship of the Quran, Muslims believe that it was revealed verbatim (i.e. word for word) by God, to Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him.  Non-Muslims, however, who do not support this view, can have no differences with Muslims concerning the fact that the Quran was at least first witnessed to be uttered by Muhammad, a Meccan Arab in the 7th<\/sup>century CE and, as proved above, there have been no changes to the records of his utterances since then.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Muslims’ claim of “internal evidence” for the divine authorship of the Quran, i.e. from statements to that effect in the Quran itself (e.g. Quran 4:82; 6:19; 6:92; 27:6; 45:2, etc.), is understandably looked upon with skepticism, as nearly anyone can quote passages from his or her scripture that claim the scripture in question is revelation from God.  We are therefore forced by reason and objectivity to look elsewhere for “external evidence” of the Quran’s divine source or authority.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The simple proposed structure for the presentation of this “external evidence” is an elimination process, where we get to the answer of the question – “Who is the author of the Quran?” – by eliminating all alternative answers to this question which are definitely implausible.  In other words, the definite or (at least) most probable author or source of the Quran is identified by eliminating unacceptable alternative candidates.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

There are various contradictory views and opinions held by some non-Muslims as to the source of the Quran.  The following list of “possible” authors reflects the main theories:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1)    Muhammad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2)    Some other Arab poet(s), scholars, etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

3)    Some non-Arab scholars, or poets or religious personalities.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

4)    Monks or Rabbis (i.e. from the Bible or Judeo-Christian sources).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

5)    Satan (or other deceitful “spirits” or “aliens”, etc.).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

6)    God.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

We may now proceed to examine from a closer study of the Quran and history how plausible these theories are.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Muhammad: Unlettered and Had No Teachers<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

The fact that Muhammad could neither read nor write (Quran 29:48) is well known and uncontested by even his non-Muslim contemporaries and present day historians.  He had no schooling or teacher of any kind.  He had never been known to compose oral poetry or prose.  The Quran, with its all-embracing laws and freedom from all inconsistencies, has its greatness acknowledged even by non-Muslim scholars.[1]<\/a>  Its contents treat social, economic, political and religious legislation, history, views of the universe, living things, thought, human transactions, war, peace, marriage, worship, business, and everything relating to life - with no contradicting principles.  The Quran has never been edited or revised as it was never in need of any revision or correction.  How were such vast subject areas expounded upon with such precision by a 7th<\/sup> century Arab with no formal education or even the ability to read what scant material there may have been in his environment on such topics?  Where and when has history ever produced an illiterate author of such a scripture?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Muhammad’s Known Integrity<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Muhammad’s sincerity, truthfulness and integrity were so well known that he was even nicknamed “Al-Ameen”<\/em> (The Trustworthy) by his pre-Islamic community.  Not a single lie is recorded against him, and many modern Western Orientalists have themselves admitted that contrary to any deliberate deception, that the Prophet had a profoundly sincere conviction that it was revealed to him by God Himself is undeniable.[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

If his integrity had been in question, and he was supposed to have been motivated by the desire for personal glory to produce the Quran, why then would he disclaim authorship and instead claim it was from God, especially when the pagan Meccans had conceded that no one could produce such a scripture (Quran 2:23-24, 17:88, etc.), but only marvel at it?  His enemies even offered him kingship over Mecca and any riches he desired if only he would stop reciting.  If it was true that he desired his personal glory and leadership, why would he decline the offer when it was presented to him and instead prefer a life of humility, simplicity, persecution, sanctions, and even hostile attack by those who felt threatened by the Message of One God?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In addition, how reasonable is it to believe that unlettered Muhammad would author the Quran for personal benefit and then within the Quran correct and reprove himself?  For example:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“He frowned and turned away when the blind man came to him…” (Quran 80:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

And also,<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“…And you did fear men, though God is more deserving that you should fear Him” (Quran 33:37)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

There are other verse you may refer to, such as chapter18,verse 23-24, and others.  Why would he embarrass himself when he could simply omit or favorably modify such verses in the Quran?  They were certainly not to his advantage if his goals were power and prestige.  The existence of such verses only proves that Muhammad was indeed a truthful and sincere Messenger of God!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> See Fredrick Denny, Islam, NY: Harper & Row, 1987, p.88; Dr. Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1983, p.163; and H.A.R. Gibb, Wither Islam, NY: A.M.S. Press, 1932, p.350; etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> See for example, H.A.R. Gibb, Mohammedanism, London: Oxford University Press, 1962, p.25<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

2-The Words of a Poet or a Teacher?<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

The Style of the Quran<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

There is a world of difference between the style of the Quran and Muhammad’s own style as recorded in the books of Ahadeeth.  The differences between the two in every respect – style and contents – are immediately evident.  The sayings of Muhammad (Ahadeeth) are conversational, oratorical, and expository, of a kind the Arabs were already familiar with.  By contrast, the style of the Quran is authoritative:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“We created the heavens and the earth…” (Quran 15:85, 44:38, 46:3, 50:38)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Also,<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Say!...”[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Also,<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“… had it (the Quran) been from any other than God, they would have found therein much discrepancies.” (Quran 4:82)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Also,<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“… Say then: ‘Bring a chapter like it and call, if you can, on other than God…’”(Quran 10:38)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Also,<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“… then bring a chapter like unto it… and if you can not — for surely you cannot, then…” (Quran 2:23-24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Which fallible human being would write a book and challenge humanity to find discrepancies in it, as does the author of the Quran (Quran 4:82)?  Would any sensible student after writing an exam paper add a note to the lecturer saying “Read my answers with care and find any discrepancies or mistakes in it if you can!”?  The style of the Quran is simply that of the All-Knowing Creator.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Furthermore, the Quran is a literary masterpiece of Arabic which was and remains unrivaled in its eloquence.  Its rhythmic style, rhyme, near-haunting depth of expression, majesty, and “inimitable symphony, the very sounds of which move men to tears and ecstasy”<\/em>[2]<\/a>, shook the foundations of a society which had prided itself on its oratory skills.  Contests were held every year in Mecca for who could recite the longest and most eloquent pieces from memory.  When the Quran was revealed, all such contests were brought to a halt, as there was no more competition.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Like the miracle of Moses’ stick turning into a real snake which outdid the ability of all the Pharaoh’s magicians at a time when the Egyptians were noted for their mastery of sorcery and magic, and the miracle of Jesus’ healing of the blind and bringing the dead back to life which outdid the ability of all the doctors at a time when the Jews were noted for their mastery of medicine, the Quran was the Prophet Muhammad’s own miracle.[3]<\/a>  How could such magnificent and unrivaled expressions emanate from a man who, for 40 years, was never known for any such ability?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Similarities and Discrepancies between the Quran and the Bible<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

The mere existence of similarities between any two books is insufficient to prove that one must have been copied from the other.  Both could have drawn information from a third common source, thus accounting for some similarities between them.  This, in fact, is the argument of the Quran that God is the Source of all authentic revelation (Quran 4:47).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Some scholars have noted that the only Christians the Prophet, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him,, is recorded as having been personally introduced to prior to his mission did not spend long enough time with him to teach him of their scripture, and no other historical record mentions anyone who taught the Prophet from among the Jews and Christian.[4]<\/a>  Furthermore, the Arabs of his time were very eager to discredit him.  Hence, if there was any secret teacher, he would most likely have been exposed by them then.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Furthermore, could the Quran have been copied from the Bible if they exhibit serious creedal differences?  Regarding doctrines such as the concepts of God and prophethood, sin and forgiveness, the Quran differs significantly with the Bible.  The Quran in fact addresses Jews and Christians directly when correcting what it states are corruptions in their own scriptures.  Interestingly, Quranic revelations of doctrinal problems with Christianity were sent largely in the Meccan period, prior to the Prophet’s migration to Medina, where he would have encountered many more Jewish and Christian scholars.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Even in the case of narration common to both scriptures, vital discrepancies can be observed.  For example, the Quran, unlike the Bible:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

— does not blame women for the mistake committed by Adam and Eve (may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him) in disobeying God in the Garden of Eden. (Compare Genesis 3:12-17 with Quran 91:7-8 and 2:35-37);<\/span><\/p>\r\n

— emphasizes that Adam and Eve repented to God (Quran 7:23) and were forgiven by Him (Quran 2:37);<\/span><\/p>\r\n

— mentions that the eventual dwelling of Adam and Eve on Earth was already part of God’s plan even before He created them (Quran 2:30), and not a sort of punishment (Genesis 3:17-19).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Other significant variations can be seen in the stories of Solomon[5]<\/a>, Abraham[6]<\/a>, Ishmael and Isaac, Lot, Noah[7]<\/a>, Moses and Jesus[8]<\/a> (may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Quran also mentions a good amount of historical information about which the Bible is completely silent.  From which portion of the Bible were the following copied?<\/span><\/p>\r\n