{"fatawa":{"id":2865,"title":"\u0130SLAMDA UBUD\u0130YYET\u2019\u0130N (KULLU\u011eUN) MANASI","slug":"islamda-ubudiyyetin-kullugun-manasi","order":"","question":"\u0130slam da ibadetin manas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131z\u0131 rica ediyorum. (Allah\u2019a kulluk ve insanlara kullu\u011fun manas\u0131.)","answer":"
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Hamd, Allah’a mahsustur.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Bir Müslüman\u0131n Allah Azze ve Celle’ye olan ibadeti\/kullu\u011fu, Allâh Subhânehû ve Teâlâ’n\u0131n Kitab\u0131’nda emretti\u011fi ve onun için peygamberler gönderdi\u011fidir. Allah Azze ve Celle’nin buyurdu\u011fu gibi:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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( \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062a ) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644 – 36<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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«Biz her ümmete, yaln\u0131z Allah'a ibadet etmeleri ve \u015feytandan da sak\u0131nmalar\u0131 için bir peygamber gönderdik.»<\/em> (Nahl: 36)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Ubudiyyet (ibadet\/kulluk etmek) lügatte, “et-ta’bîd” (itaat ettirmek, boyun e\u011fdirmek) kelimesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. “Abbettut-tarîk” dedi\u011finde, yani yolu kullan\u0131ma açt\u0131m, demektir. Allah’a ibadetin genel ve özel olmak üzere iki manas\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u015eayet bununla, “boyun e\u011filen” kastedilirse, bu, genel manad\u0131r. Buna bütün mahlukat girer. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131yla-yukar\u0131s\u0131yla bütün âlem, ak\u0131l sahibi, ya\u015f, kuru, hareket eden, etmeyen, kâfir, mümin, iyi, kötü, bunlar\u0131n hepsi de Allah Azze ve Celle’nin yaratt\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r, emri ile idare etti\u011fidir ve onlardan her birinin durdu\u011fu bir haddi vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u015eayet bununla, Allah’\u0131n emirlerine itaat eden kul kastedilirse ki bu kâfirler olmaks\u0131z\u0131n müminlere özeldir. Çünkü onlar, Allah’a hakk\u0131yla kulluk eden müminlerdir. Onlar öyle kimselerdir ki, Allah Azze ve Celle’yi Rububiyeti’nde, Uluhiyeti’nde, \u0130sim ve S\u0131fatlar\u0131’nda birlemi\u015fler ve O’na hiçbir \u015feyde ortak ko\u015fmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Allah Azze ve Celle’nin iblis k\u0131ssas\u0131nda buyurdu\u011fu gibi:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\ufd3f\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0628\u0651\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0648\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064f\u0632\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0623\u064f\u063a\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e(39) \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062e\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e(40) \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0635\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0637\u064c \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064c(41) \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0639\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u064a \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0633\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064c \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u063a\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \ufd3e. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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«\u015eeytan ise \u015föyle demi\u015fti; \"Rabb\u0131m! Beni azd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olman dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yeryüzündeki günâhlar\u0131 Âdem o\u011fullar\u0131 için süsleyecek ve hepsini azd\u0131raca\u011f\u0131m. Ancak içlerinden ihlâsl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131nan kullar\u0131n müstesna\". Rabb\u0131 da buyurmu\u015ftu ki: \"Vazgeçilmesi mümkün olmayan dosdo\u011fru yol budur. Sana uyan azg\u0131nlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, senin kullar\u0131m üzerinde hiçbir gücün yoktur\".»<\/em> (Hicr: 39-42)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Allah Azze ve Celle’nin emretti\u011fi ibadete gelince, bunun manas\u0131: Allah Azze ve Celle’nin sevdi\u011fi ve raz\u0131 oldu\u011fu zahiri ve batini fiil ve sözlerin genel ismidir. Bunu bozan her \u015feyden uzak olmakt\u0131r. Bu tarife, “Lâ ilâhe illallâh Muhammedun Rasûlullâh” \u015fehadeti, namaz, oruç, Allah yolunda cihad, iyili\u011fi emretmek, kötülükten yasaklamak, Allah’a, meleklerine, peygamberlerine ve Âhiret gününe iman girmektedir. Bu ibadetleri ayakta tutan ise, kulun kast\u0131n\u0131n Allah’\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 ve Âhiret diyar\u0131 oldu\u011fu ihlast\u0131r. Allah Azze ve Celle \u015föyle buyurdu:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\ufd3f \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0632\u0643\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u0636\u0649 \ufd3e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 17-21<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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«Mal\u0131n\u0131 verip temizlenen, günâhlardan da en çok sak\u0131nan kimse ise, o ate\u015ften uzak tutulur. Onun mal\u0131n\u0131 vermesi ise, yan\u0131ndaki ba\u015fkas\u0131na âit bir nimete kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olmak üzere de\u011fil, fakat yüce Rabbinin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak içindir. Yak\u0131nda kendisi de Allah'\u0131n verece\u011fi nimetlerden raz\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.»<\/em>(Leyl: 17-21)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u0130badette ihlas ve s\u0131dk\u0131n olmas\u0131 zorunludur. Bir mümin, Allah’\u0131n emrettiklerini yerine getirme, yasaklar\u0131ndan kaç\u0131nma, Hesap Günü Allah’la kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak için haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapmak; acizli\u011fi, tembelli\u011fi terk etmede ve nefsin hevas\u0131na uymas\u0131na engel olmada gayret sarf etmeli. Allah Azze ve Celle’nin buyurdu\u011fu gibi:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\ufd3f \u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0646 \ufd3e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 119<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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«Ey îman edenler! Allah tan korkun ve sad\u0131klarla bir olun.»<\/em> (Tevbe: 119)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Sonra, ibadet yaparken, yap\u0131lan o ibadetin muhakkak Allah Rasûlu sallallahu aleyhi ve sellemin sünnetine uymas\u0131 gerekir. Bir kul, Allah Azze ve Celle’ye O’nun emirleri do\u011frultusunda ibadet etmelidir. Yoksa, insanlar\u0131n hevas\u0131na ve dinde sonradan uydurduklar\u0131 bidatlerle de\u011fil. \u0130\u015fte, Allah Azze ve Celle’nin kat\u0131ndan gönderdi\u011fi Muhammed sallallahu aleyhi ve selleme uymadan maksat budur. \u0130badette muhakkak ihlas\u0131n, s\u0131dk\u0131n ve Allah’\u0131n Kitab\u0131 ve Rasûlu sallallahu aleyhi ve sellemin sünnetine uymas\u0131 gerekir. Bütün bunlar\u0131 ö\u011frendikten sonra, bizim için ortaya ç\u0131k\u0131yor ki, bu tariflere z\u0131t olan her \u015fey insanlara kulluktur. Riya, (insanlara gösteri\u015f olsun diye ibadet etmek) insanlara kulluktur. \u015eirk, insanlara kulluktur. Allah’\u0131n emirlerini terk etmek ve insanlar\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak için Allah Azze ve Celle’yi öfkelendirmek insanlara kulluktur. Rabbisine itaati terk edip, hevas\u0131na uymay\u0131 onun önüne geçiren kimse kulluk mefhumundan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 ç\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve do\u011fru olan yola muhalefet etmi\u015ftir. Bunun içindir ki Allah Rasûlu sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem \u015föyle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u062a\u0639\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0637 \u0633\u062e\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0634       <\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\"Dinar\u0131 kulu peri\u015fan olsun. Dirhemin kulu peri\u015fan olsun. Gömle\u011fin (giyece\u011fin) kulu peri\u015fan olsun. A\u011façl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kulu peri\u015fan olsun. \u015eayet ona verilirse raz\u0131 olur, verilmezse öfkelenir. Peri\u015fan olsun, yere dü\u015fsün. Aya\u011f\u0131na diken batsa onu ç\u0131karan bulunmas\u0131n.\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Allah’a kulluk, muhabbeti, korkuyu, ümit etmeyi içine al\u0131r ve bir araya getirir. Bir kul, Rabbisini sever, O’nun cezaland\u0131rmas\u0131ndan korkar, O’nun rahmetini ve sevab\u0131n\u0131 umar. Bu ise olmazsa olmaz olan ibadetin\/kullu\u011fun üç rüknüdür.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Allah’a kulluk zillet de\u011fil, bir \u015fereftir.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Allah Azze ve Celle’den bizleri Salih kullar\u0131ndan k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 dileriz. Salat ve selam Peygamberimiz Muhammed sallallahu aleyhi ve sellemin üzerine olsun.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\u015eeyh Muhammed Sâlih el-Muneccid<\/span><\/div>\r\n

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