{"fatawa":{"id":2871,"title":"Muhabbetin \u00c7e\u015fitleri ve H\u00fck\u00fcmleri","slug":"muhabbetin-cesitleri-ve-huekuemleri","order":"","question":"Bizler, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan olu\u015fan bir gurubuz. Kendi aram\u0131zda bir konu\u015fma ge\u00e7ti. Biz bu konu\u015fmam\u0131zda \u0130slam\u2019da muhabbetin tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Bizler, hepimiz, Allah Subh\u00e2neh\u00fb ve Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019y\u0131 sevmemizin ve O\u2019na ba\u011flanmam\u0131z\u0131n zorunlu oldu\u011funa, O\u2019nu ve peygamberlerini sevmemizin zorunlu oldu\u011funun zorunlu oldu\u011funun idraki i\u00e7erinde olan kimseleriz. Bizler, birbirimize, t\u0131pk\u0131 Mesihlikteki \u201ckarde\u015flik sevgisi\u201d gibi insanlar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k olan sevginin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorduk. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle dediler: Sevgi, sadece aile bireyleri aras\u0131nda olur. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakiler ise, ihtiram, sadakat ve di\u011ferleridir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da sadece e\u015f ve \u00e7ocuklara olan sevginin olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sordular. Di\u011fer baz\u0131lar\u0131 da sevginin \u015fart olur olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sordular. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da (yayg\u0131n olan tabire g\u00f6re) Mesihi felsefe ve hayali k\u0131ssalara dayanan bir bidat olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Bu sorulara ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in bizden bir\u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynak eserlerde ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapt\u0131lar. Ancak \u015fu ana kadar kesin bir cevaba ula\u015famad\u0131k. Bize bu konuda yard\u0131m etmeniz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc?","answer":"
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Hamd, Allah’a mahsustur.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Soruyu soran bayan karde\u015fim!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Allah’\u0131n selam\u0131, rahmeti ve bereketi üzerine olsun<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Senin, k\u0131z karde\u015flerinle \u0130man ve \u0130slam meselelerini ö\u011frenmeye çal\u0131\u015fman, hiç \u015füphe yok ki kalbin bundan dolay\u0131 ferahl\u0131k duyar. Muhabbet\/sevgi hakk\u0131ndaki müzakerenizde oldu\u011fu gibi. Hiç \u015füphe yok ki sen ve karde\u015flerin, bir anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halletmek için, \u015feri meselelerin anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda alimlerin sözüne dönmenin ve âlimlerin sözlerinin önemini biliyorsunuz. Biz burada muhabbetin bölümleri alakal\u0131 olarak sizin için meselenin halli için Allah’\u0131n izni ile âlimlerin baz\u0131 sözlerini nakledece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Muhabbetin çe\u015fitleri ve hükümleri:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Muhabbet, özel ve mü\u015fterek olmak üzere iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Özel muhabbette, \u015feri olan, dinin öngördü\u011fü muhabbet ve haram k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f muhabbet olmak üzere iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u015eeri olan, dinin öngördü\u011fü muhabbetin k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

1- Alla sevgisi ve onun hükmü: Muhakkak ki bu, yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenlerin en ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir. Böyledir, çünkü Allâh Subhânehû ve Teâlâ’n\u0131n sevgisi \u0130slam dininin asl\u0131d\u0131r. Onun tamamlanmas\u0131yla iman tamam olur. Onun eksik olmas\u0131yla da Tevhid noksan olur. Bunun delili ise Allah Azze ve Celle’nin \u015fu kavlidir:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

(\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0622\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0634\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f \u062d\u064f\u0628\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 )\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629 165  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

«\u0130man edenlerin Allah'a olan sevgileri çok daha kuvvetlidir.»<\/em> (Bakara: 165)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Allah Azze ve Celle \u015föyle buyurdu:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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( \u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0622\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0624\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0624\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u062e\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062c\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0634\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064c \u0627\u0642\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064c \u062a\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0643\u0650\u0646\u064f \u062a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064d \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062a\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0647\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 24<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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«(Ey Muhammed!) De ki: \"Babalar\u0131n\u0131z, o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131z, karde\u015fleriniz, e\u015fleriniz kabileniz, elde etti\u011finiz mallar, kesat gitmesinden korktu\u011funuz ticaret ve ho\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z evler, e\u011fer size Allah'tan, Resûlü’nden ve Allah yolundaki cihaddan daha sevimli geliyorsa, Allah'\u0131n emri gelinceye kadar bekleyin. Allah, fâs\u0131k kimselere hidayet etmez.\"»<\/em> (Tevbe: 24)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Kurân ve sünnette buna dair ba\u015fka deliller de vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Muhabbet, Allah’\u0131n kulundan yana sevdi\u011fini, kulunun sevdi\u011fi ve onun istedi\u011fini istemesini tercih etmede kendini gösterir. Bunun üzerine kul, Allah’\u0131n sevdi\u011fini sever, Allah’\u0131n sevmedi\u011fini ise sevmez. Allah’\u0131n dost edindi\u011fini dost edinir, Allah’\u0131n \u015feriat\u0131na (kanun ve nizam\u0131na) ve ona celbeden sebeplere sar\u0131lmaya iltizam gösterir.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

2- Allah Rasûlu sallallahu aleyhi ve selleme olan sevgi de yine dinin gereklerinden biridir. Bununla beraber ki\u015fi Allah Rasûlu sallallahu aleyhi ve selemi kendi nefsinden daha fazla sevmedikçe tam bir imana ula\u015famaz. Hadiste Allah Rasûlu sallallahu aleyhi ve sellemin buyurdu\u011fu gibi:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e : \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064f \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e . \"   \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645 44   <\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\"Sizden birisi, ben kendisine çocu\u011fundan, ana babas\u0131ndan ve tüm insanlardan daha sevgili gelmedikçe o kimse iman etmi\u015f olmaz.\" (Bu hadisi Muslim rivayet etmi\u015ftir: 44)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Abdullah ibnu Hi\u015fam’\u0131n rivayet etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu hadiste O \u015föyle dedi:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Bizler, Allah Rasûlü sallallahu aleyhi ve selem ile beraberdik. Allah Rasûlü sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem, Ömer ibnul-Hattâb'\u0131n elini tutmu\u015ftu. Ömer, Allah Rasûlü sallallahu aleyhi ve selleme \u015föyle dedi:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

-Ey Allah'\u0131n Rasûlü! Nefsim d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sen bana her \u015feyden daha sevgilisin!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Bunun üzerine Allah Rasûlü sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem \u015föyle buyurdu:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

-\"Hay\u0131r, nefsimi elinde bulunan Allah’a yemin olsun ki, ben sana nefsinden de daha sevgili gelmedikçe iman etmi\u015f olmazs\u0131n.\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ömer, Allah Rasûlü sallallahu aleyhi ve selleme:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

-Vallahi sen \u015fimdi nefsimden bile daha sevgilisin, dedi.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Allah Rasûlü sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

-\"\u015eimdi oldu ey Ömer!\" buyurdu. (Buhari: 6632)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Bu muhabbet, Allah Azze ve Celle’nin muhabbetine tabidir ve Allah Rasûlu sallallahu aleyhi ve selleme uymada O’nun sözünü ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n sözünün önüne geçirmede kendini gösterir.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

3- Peygamberleri ve müminleri sevmenin hükmü farzd\u0131r. Çünkü Allah Azze ve Celle’yi sevmek, O’na itaat edenleri sevmeyi gerektirir. Bunlar ise peygamberler ve Sâlih kimselerdir. Bunun delili ise Allah Rasûlu sallallahu aleyhi ve sellemin: \"Kim Allah için severse\" hadisidir. Yani bunun için Allah’a iman edenleri ve O’na itaat edenleri sever. Ki\u015finin her ne kadar namaz\u0131 ve orucu çok olursa olsun iman ancak bununla kemale erer. Ömer ibnul-Hattâb’\u0131n -Allah ondan raz\u0131 olsun- dedi\u011fi gibi: “Bizden biri Allah Rasûlu sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem zaman\u0131nda elinde bulunan dinar ve dirheme kar\u015f\u0131 Müslüman karde\u015finden daha çok hak sahibi de\u011fildi.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Haram K\u0131l\u0131nan Muhabbet:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\u015eirk, bundand\u0131r. \u015eirk, t\u0131pk\u0131 Allah’\u0131 sever gibi Allah’tan gayrisini sevmektir. Onda ortak k\u0131lmakt\u0131r. Bu ise muhabbette \u015firktir. Birçok kimse sevgide ve yüceltmede (tazimde) Allah’a e\u015fler edindiler.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Sevgide, \u015firk olmaks\u0131z\u0131n haram k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olanlar vard\u0131r. Ailesi, mal\u0131, akrabas\u0131, ticaret ve ho\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 evine olan muhabbeti bunlar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya baz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hicret ve cihad gibi Allah’\u0131n vacib k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feylere tercih etmesi gibi. Bunun delili ise Allah Azze ve Celle’nin \u015fu kavlidir:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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 ( \u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0622\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0624\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0624\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u062e\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062c\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0634\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064c \u0627\u0642\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064c \u062a\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0643\u0650\u0646\u064f \u062a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064d \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062a\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0647\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 24<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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«(Ey Muhammed!) De ki: \"Babalar\u0131n\u0131z, o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131z, karde\u015fleriniz, e\u015fleriniz kabileniz, elde etti\u011finiz mallar, kesat gitmesinden korktu\u011funuz ticaret ve ho\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z evler, e\u011fer size Allah'tan, Resûlü’nden ve Allah yolundaki cihaddan daha sevimli geliyorsa, Allah'\u0131n emri gelinceye kadar bekleyin. Allah, fâs\u0131k kimselere hidayet etmez.\"»<\/em> (Tevbe: 24)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\u0130\u015fte bu, daha önce geçen özel muhabbet ve k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Mü\u015fterek olan muhabbete gelince, bu da üç çe\u015fittir:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Birincisi: Tabi olan sevgi. T\u0131pk\u0131 aç olan birinin yeme\u011fi, susuz olan birinin suyu sevmesi gibi. Bu ise tazimi gerektirmeyen mubah bir sevgidir.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\u0130kincisi: Rahmet ve \u015fefkat muhabbeti. T\u0131pk\u0131 bir baban\u0131n küçük çocu\u011funu sevmesi gibi. Bu da tazim gerektirmeyen ve kendisinde bir problem olmayan sevgidir.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Üçüncüsü: Cana yak\u0131nl\u0131k ve arkada\u015fl\u0131k muhabbeti. T\u0131pk\u0131 bir fabrikada çal\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, ticaret yapanlar\u0131n, beraber yolculuk yapanlar\u0131n muhabbeti gibi. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n bu türden bir sevgi ile birbirlerini sevmeleri uygun bir sevgidir. T\u0131pk\u0131 karde\u015flerin birbirlerini sevmeleri gibi. Bu tür sevginin onlarda varolmas\u0131 Allah’a muhabbette \u015firk de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Konu ile alakal\u0131 olarak, “Teysirul-Azizil-Hamid” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n “\u0130nsanlardan Kimi Allah’tan Gayri E\u015fler Edinirler” bölümünden faydalan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Bu bölümlere ay\u0131rma ve aç\u0131klama, umar\u0131z sizin için aç\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Allah Azze ve Celle’den bizleri ve sizleri her hayra muvaffak k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 dileriz. Salat ve selam Peygamberimiz Muhammed sallallahu aleyhi ve sellemin üzerine olsun.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\u015eeyh Muhammed Sâlih el-Muneccid<\/span><\/div>\r\n

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