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Spirituality.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-Islamic Concept of Spirituality.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:islamic-concept-of-spirituality","hint":"","body":"

Islamic Concept of Spirituality<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

(taken from islammessage.com)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

To answer this it is necessary to study carefully the difference between the Islamic concept of spirituality and that of other religions and ideologies. Without a clear understanding of this difference it often happens that, when talking about the spirituality in Islam, many of the vague notions associated with the word ‘spiritual’ unconsciously come to mind; it then becomes difficult for one to comprehend that this spirituality of Islam not only transcends the dualism of spirit and matter but is the nucleus of its integrated and unified concept of life.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Body-Soul Conflict<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

The idea which has influenced most the climate of philosophical and religious thought is that body and soul are mutually antagonistic, and can develop only at each other’s expense. For the soul, the body is a prison and the activities of daily life are the shackles which keep it in bondage and arrest its growth. This has inevitably led to the universe being divided into the spiritual and the secular.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Those who chose the secular path were convinced that they could not meet the demands of spirituality, and thus they led highly material and hedonistic lives. All spheres of worldly activity, whether social, political, economic or cultural, were deprived of the light of spirituality; injustice and tyranny were the result.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Conversely, those who wanted to tread the path of spiritual excellence came to see themselves as ‘noble outcasts’ from the world. They believed that it was impossible for spiritual growth to be compatible with a ‘normal’ life. In their view physical self-denial and mortification of the flesh were necessary for the development and perfection of the spirit. They invented spiritual exercises and ascetic practices which killed physical desires and dulled the body’s senses. They regarded forests, mountains and other solitary places as ideal for spiritual development because the hustle and bustle of life would interfere with their meditations. They could not conceive of spiritual development except through withdrawal from the world.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This conflict of body and soul resulted in the evolution of two different ideals for the perfection of man. One was that man should be surrounded by all possible material comforts and regards himself as nothing but an animal. Men learnt to fly like birds, swim like fish, run like horses and even terrorize and destroy like wolves but they did not learn how to live like noble human beings. The other was that the senses should be not only subdued and conquered but extra-sensory powers awakened and the limitations of the sensory world done away with. With these new conquests men would be able to hear distant voices like powerful wireless sets, see remote objects as one does with a telescope, and develop powers through which the mere touch of their hand or a passing glance would heal the un-healable.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Islamic viewpoint differs radically from these approaches. According to Islam, God has appointed the human soul as His Khalifah (vicegerent) in this world. He has invested it with a certain authority, and given it certain responsibilities and obligations for the fulfillment of which He has endowed it with the best and most suitable physical frame. The body has been created with the sole object of allowing the soul to use it in the exercise of its authority and the fulfillment of its duties and responsibilities. The body is not a prison for the soul, but its workshop or factory; and if the soul is to grow and develop, it is only through this workshop. Consequently, this world is not a place of punishment in which the human soul unfortunately finds itself, but a field in which God has sent it to work and do its duty towards Him.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Therefore spiritual development should not take the form of a man turning away from this workshop and retreating into a corner. Rather, man should live and work in it, and give the best account of himself that he can. It is in the nature of an examination for him; every aspect and sphere of life is, as it were, a question paper: the home, the family, the neighborhood, the society, the market-place, the office, the factory, the school, the law courts, the police station, the parliament, the peace conference and the battlefield, all represent question papers which man has been called upon to answer. If he leaves most of the answer-book blank, he is bound to fail the examination. Success and development are only possible if man devotes his whole life to this examination and attempts to answer all the question papers he can.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Islam rejects and condemns the ascetic view of life, and proposes a set of methods and processes for the spiritual development of man, not outside this world but inside it. The real place for the growth of the spirit is in the midst of life and not in solitary places of spiritual hibernation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Criterion of Spiritual Development<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

We shall now discuss how Islam judges the development or decay of the soul. In his capacity as the vicegerent (Khalifah) of God, man is answerable to Him for all his activities. It is his duty to use all the powers which he has been given in accordance with the Divine will. He should utilize to the fullest extent all the faculties and potentialities bestowed upon him for seeking God’s approval. In his dealings with other people he should behave in such a way as to try to please God. In brief, all his energies should be directed towards regulating the affairs of this world in the way in which God wants them to be regulated. The better a man does this, with a sense of responsibility, obedience and humility, and with the object of seeking the pleasure of the Lord, the nearer will he be to God. In Islam, spiritual development is synonymous with nearness to God. Similarly, he will not be able to get near to God if he is lazy and disobedient. And distance from God signifies, in Islam, the spiritual fall and decay of man.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

From the Islamic point of view, therefore, the sphere of activity of the religious man and the secular man is the same. Not only will both work in the same spheres; the religious man will work with greater enthusiasm than the secular man. The man of religion will be as active as the man of the world indeed, more active in his domestic and social life, which extends from the confines of the household to the market square, and even to international conferences.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

What will distinguish their actions will be the nature of their relationship with God and the aims behind their actions. Whatever a religious man does, will be done with the feeling that he is answerable to God, that he must try to secure Divine pleasure, that his actions must be in accordance with God’s laws. A secular person will be indifferent towards God and will be guided in his actions only by his personal motives. This difference makes the whole of the material life of a man of religion a totally spiritual venture, and the whole of the life of a secular person an existence devoid of the spark of spirituality.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13950,"lft":961,"rght":968,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-05T21:05:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-06T06:04:26.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":912,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-05","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-Islamic Concept of Spirituality.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-Islamic Concept of Spirituality.docx"},{"id":596,"title":"El concepto isl\u00e1mico de espiritualidad","slug":"el-concepto-islmico-de-espiritualidad","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Islamic Concept of Spirituality.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Islamic Concept of Spirituality.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:el-concepto-islmico-de-espiritualidad","hint":"","body":"

El concepto islámico de espiritualidad<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

(taken from islammessage.com)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

To answer this it is necessary to study carefully the difference between the Islamic concept of spirituality and that of other religions and ideologies. Without a clear understanding of this difference it often happens that, when talking about the spirituality in Islam, many of the vague notions associated with the word ‘spiritual’ unconsciously come to mind; it then becomes difficult for one to comprehend that this spirituality of Islam not only transcends the dualism of spirit and matter but is the nucleus of its integrated and unified concept of life.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Body-Soul Conflict<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

The idea which has influenced most the climate of philosophical and religious thought is that body and soul are mutually antagonistic, and can develop only at each other’s expense. For the soul, the body is a prison and the activities of daily life are the shackles which keep it in bondage and arrest its growth. This has inevitably led to the universe being divided into the spiritual and the secular.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Those who chose the secular path were convinced that they could not meet the demands of spirituality, and thus they led highly material and hedonistic lives. All spheres of worldly activity, whether social, political, economic or cultural, were deprived of the light of spirituality; injustice and tyranny were the result.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Conversely, those who wanted to tread the path of spiritual excellence came to see themselves as ‘noble outcasts’ from the world. They believed that it was impossible for spiritual growth to be compatible with a ‘normal’ life. In their view physical self-denial and mortification of the flesh were necessary for the development and perfection of the spirit. They invented spiritual exercises and ascetic practices which killed physical desires and dulled the body’s senses. They regarded forests, mountains and other solitary places as ideal for spiritual development because the hustle and bustle of life would interfere with their meditations. They could not conceive of spiritual development except through withdrawal from the world.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This conflict of body and soul resulted in the evolution of two different ideals for the perfection of man. One was that man should be surrounded by all possible material comforts and regards himself as nothing but an animal. Men learnt to fly like birds, swim like fish, run like horses and even terrorize and destroy like wolves but they did not learn how to live like noble human beings. The other was that the senses should be not only subdued and conquered but extra-sensory powers awakened and the limitations of the sensory world done away with. With these new conquests men would be able to hear distant voices like powerful wireless sets, see remote objects as one does with a telescope, and develop powers through which the mere touch of their hand or a passing glance would heal the un-healable.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Islamic viewpoint differs radically from these approaches. According to Islam, God has appointed the human soul as His Khalifah (vicegerent) in this world. He has invested it with a certain authority, and given it certain responsibilities and obligations for the fulfillment of which He has endowed it with the best and most suitable physical frame. The body has been created with the sole object of allowing the soul to use it in the exercise of its authority and the fulfillment of its duties and responsibilities. The body is not a prison for the soul, but its workshop or factory; and if the soul is to grow and develop, it is only through this workshop. Consequently, this world is not a place of punishment in which the human soul unfortunately finds itself, but a field in which God has sent it to work and do its duty towards Him.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Therefore spiritual development should not take the form of a man turning away from this workshop and retreating into a corner. Rather, man should live and work in it, and give the best account of himself that he can. It is in the nature of an examination for him; every aspect and sphere of life is, as it were, a question paper: the home, the family, the neighborhood, the society, the market-place, the office, the factory, the school, the law courts, the police station, the parliament, the peace conference and the battlefield, all represent question papers which man has been called upon to answer. If he leaves most of the answer-book blank, he is bound to fail the examination. Success and development are only possible if man devotes his whole life to this examination and attempts to answer all the question papers he can.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Islam rejects and condemns the ascetic view of life, and proposes a set of methods and processes for the spiritual development of man, not outside this world but inside it. The real place for the growth of the spirit is in the midst of life and not in solitary places of spiritual hibernation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Criterion of Spiritual Development<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

We shall now discuss how Islam judges the development or decay of the soul. In his capacity as the vicegerent (Khalifah) of God, man is answerable to Him for all his activities. It is his duty to use all the powers which he has been given in accordance with the Divine will. He should utilize to the fullest extent all the faculties and potentialities bestowed upon him for seeking God’s approval. In his dealings with other people he should behave in such a way as to try to please God. In brief, all his energies should be directed towards regulating the affairs of this world in the way in which God wants them to be regulated. The better a man does this, with a sense of responsibility, obedience and humility, and with the object of seeking the pleasure of the Lord, the nearer will he be to God. In Islam, spiritual development is synonymous with nearness to God. Similarly, he will not be able to get near to God if he is lazy and disobedient. And distance from God signifies, in Islam, the spiritual fall and decay of man.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

From the Islamic point of view, therefore, the sphere of activity of the religious man and the secular man is the same. Not only will both work in the same spheres; the religious man will work with greater enthusiasm than the secular man. The man of religion will be as active as the man of the world indeed, more active in his domestic and social life, which extends from the confines of the household to the market square, and even to international conferences.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

What will distinguish their actions will be the nature of their relationship with God and the aims behind their actions. Whatever a religious man does, will be done with the feeling that he is answerable to God, that he must try to secure Divine pleasure, that his actions must be in accordance with God’s laws. A secular person will be indifferent towards God and will be guided in his actions only by his personal motives. This difference makes the whole of the material life of a man of religion a totally spiritual venture, and the whole of the life of a secular person an existence devoid of the spark of spirituality.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":14845,"lft":962,"rght":963,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-05T21:05:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-06T04:06:21.000000Z","language_id":12,"user_id":7,"author_id":912,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":595,"author_name":"\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-05","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Islamic Concept of Spirituality.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Islamic Concept of Spirituality.docx"},{"id":597,"title":"Le concept islamique de la spiritualit\u00e9","slug":"le-concept-islamique-de-la-spiritualit","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/53e0d7e3-4a30-427a-b4cc-0b24b8adb1fd-fr-Islamic Concept of Spirituality.pdf","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Islamic Concept of Spirituality.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:le-concept-islamique-de-la-spiritualit","hint":"","body":"

Le concept islamique de la spiritualité<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

(taken from islammessage.com)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Avant tout, il est essentiel d’établir les différences entre le concept islamique de la spiritualité et celui des autres religions et idéologies.  Si nous n’établissons pas clairement ces différences, il est probable qu’en parlant de la notion de spiritualité, en islam, plusieurs des vagues notions populaires associées au mot « spiritualité » nous viennent à l’esprit.  Il devient alors difficile de comprendre que non seulement la spiritualité, en islam, transcende le dualisme de l’esprit et de la matière, mais constitue le cœur de son concept intégré et unifié de la vie.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le conflit du corps et de l’âme<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

L’idée qui a le plus influencé la pensée philosophique et religieuse est celle de la séparation du corps et de l’âme, qui ne peuvent se développer qu’au détriment l’un de l’autre.  Pour l’âme, le corps est une prison et les activités quotidiennes sont des chaînes qui la gardent en état de servitude et freinent sa croissance.  Cette idée a, inévitablement, amené les hommes à diviser le monde en deux domaines : le spirituel et le profane.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ceux qui ont choisi la voie séculière l’ont fait parce qu’ils étaient convaincus qu’ils ne pouvaient répondre aux exigences de la spiritualité; ils ont donc vécu des vies très matérialistes et hédonistes.  Pour eux, toutes les sphères de la vie (sociale, politique, économique ou culturelle) furent dépourvues de la lumière de la spiritualité; l’injustice et la tyrannie en furent les conséquences inévitables.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

À l’opposé, ceux qui choisirent de suivre la voie de la perfection spirituelle finirent par se considérer comme de « nobles marginaux ».  Pour eux, la croissance spirituelle était incompatible avec une vie « normale »; c’est pourquoi ils croyaient le sacrifice de soi et la mortification nécessaires au développement et à la perfection de l’esprit.  Ils inventèrent des « exercices » spirituels et des pratiques ascétiques visant à tuer tout désir physique et à endormir les sens.  Ils considéraient les forêts, les montagnes et les endroits isolés comme des lieux idéaux pour le développement spirituel, car à peu près rien ne pouvait les y distraire de leurs méditations.  Bref, ils ne pouvaient concevoir un développement spirituel qu’en retrait du monde et des occupations quotidiennes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ce conflit entre le corps et l’âme influença l’évolution de deux idéaux différents visant la perfection de l’homme.  L’un voulait que l’homme soit entouré du plus grand confort matériel possible et qu’il ne se considère comme guerre plus qu’un animal.  Les hommes apprirent à voler comme les oiseaux, à nager comme les poissons, à courir comme les chevaux et même à terroriser et à détruire comme les loups, mais ils n’apprirent pas à vivre comme de nobles êtres humains.  L’autre voulait que non seulement les sens soient étouffés et conquis, mais que les pouvoirs extrasensoriels soient développés et que les limites du monde sensoriel soient repoussées.  Ainsi, l’homme serait capable d’entendre des voix à de grandes distances, de voir à l’œil nu comme avec un télescope et de développer des pouvoirs à travers lesquels un simple toucher de leur main pourrait guérir un malade incurable.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le point de vue islamique diffère totalement de ces deux approches.  Selon l’islam, Dieu a fait des âmes Ses déléguées, sur terre.  Il leur a donné une certaine autorité et certaines responsabilités et obligations, puis les a fait vivre dans des corps physiques.  Le corps n’a donc été créé que pour être utilisé par l’âme dans l’exercice de son autorité et le respect de ses devoirs et responsabilités.  Le corps n’est pas une prison pour l’âme, mais son atelier de travail; et si l’âme se développe et grandit, elle ne peut le faire que par l’intermédiaire de cet atelier.  Par conséquent, ce monde n’est pas un lieu de punition dans lequel l’âme se trouve malgré elle, mais un champ où Dieu l’a envoyée travailler et accomplir ses devoirs envers Lui.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      L’homme ne doit donc pas chercher à se développer spirituellement en cherchant à se détourner de cet atelier qu’est son corps et à se retirer du monde.  L’homme doit plutôt vivre et travailler dans ce corps et faire en sorte que cette expérience soit la plus positive possible.  Il passe un examen, sur cette terre; chaque sphère de sa vie est soumise, en quelque sorte, à un questionnaire : son foyer, sa famille, son voisinage, la société, le marché, le bureau, l’usine, l’école, le système de justice, le poste de police, le parlement et le champ de bataille, tous sont soumis à des questionnaires auxquels l’homme doit répondre.  S’il laisse la plupart des questions sans réponse, il rate l’examen.  Le développement et le succès ne sont possibles que si l’homme dédie toute sa vie à cet examen et tente de répondre à toutes les questions.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

L’islam rejette l’ascétisme et propose des méthodes et des processus efficaces pour le développement spirituel de l’homme qui ne se situent pas hors de ce monde, mais au sein même de ce monde.  Le meilleur lieu pour le développement de l’esprit est la vie quotidienne et non pas quelque lieu retiré où l’homme se rend pour entrer en hibernation spirituelle.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Les critères de développement spirituel<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Parlons maintenant de la position de l’islam sur le développement ou le déclin spirituel.  L’homme doit répondre à Dieu de toutes ses actions sur terre.  Il est de son devoir d’utiliser à bon escient tous les pouvoirs que Dieu lui a accordés.  Il doit utiliser au meilleur de leur potentiel toutes les facultés et habiletés dont Dieu l’a pourvus afin d’obtenir l’approbation et la satisfaction de Dieu.  Dans ses rapports avec les autres, il doit se comporter de manière à plaire à Dieu.  Toutes ses énergies doivent être employées à administrer les affaires de ce monde comme Dieu le lui a demandé.  Mieux l’homme s’acquitte de cette tâche, avec obéissance et humilité et en cherchant à plaire à Dieu, plus il se rapprochera de Dieu.  Car en islam, le développement spirituel est synonyme de proximité avec Dieu.  De même, il n’arrivera pas à se rapprocher de Dieu s’il est paresseux et désobéissant.  Et l’éloignement de Dieu, en islam, signifie le déclin spirituel, pour l’homme.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Du point de vue islamique, donc, la sphère d’activité de l’homme religieux et de l’athée est la même.  Non seulement travaillent-ils dans le même contexte, mais l’homme religieux travaillera avec plus d’enthousiasme que l’athée.  Oui, l’homme religieux sera aussi actif que son opposé athée, mais pas pour les mêmes raisons.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ce qui distinguera leurs actions sera la nature de leur relation avec Dieu et la motivation derrière chacune de leurs actions.  L’homme religieux agit en sachant qu’il devra répondre de ses actions à Dieu et qu’il doit donc s’efforcer de respecter les commandements divins.  L’athée agit dans une totale indifférence par rapport aux lois divines et n’est guidé, dans ses actions, que par des motifs personnels.  Cette différence fait en sorte que la vie matérielle de l’homme religieux devient une aventure totalement spirituelle, tandis que la vie matérielle de l’athée se réduit à une existence dépourvue d’étincelles spirituelles.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13242,"lft":964,"rght":965,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-05T21:05:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-06T07:09:52.000000Z","language_id":9,"user_id":7,"author_id":912,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":595,"author_name":"\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-05","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Islamic Concept of Spirituality.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/53e0d7e3-4a30-427a-b4cc-0b24b8adb1fd-fr-Islamic Concept of Spirituality.pdf"},{"id":598,"title":"O conceito isl\u00e2mico de espiritualidade","slug":"o-conceito-islmico-de-espiritualidade","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Islamic Concept of Spirituality.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Islamic Concept of Spirituality.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:o-conceito-islmico-de-espiritualidade","hint":"","body":"

O conceito islâmico de espiritualidade<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

<\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

(taken from islammessage.com)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Para responder a isso é necessário estudar cuidadosamente a diferença entre o conceito islâmico de espiritualidade e o das outras religiões e ideologias. Sem um entendimento claro dessa diferença frequentemente acontece que, ao falar sobre a espiritualidade no Islã, muitas noções vagas associadas com a palavra \"espiritual\" inconscientemente vem à mente; torna-se difícil então compreender que essa espiritualidade do Islã não apenas transcende o dualismo de espírito e matéria, mas é o núcleo de seu conceito integrado e unificado de vida.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Conflito corpo-alma<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

A ideia que tem influenciado a maior parte do pensamento filosófico e religioso é que corpo e alma são mutuamente antagonistas e só podem se desenvolver às custas um do outro. Para a alma o corpo é uma prisão e as atividades da vida cotidiana são os grilhões que a mantém em cativeiro e impedem seu crescimento. Isso inevitavelmente leva ao universo dividido entre espiritual e secular.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Os que escolheram o caminho secular foram convencidos de que não podiam atender às demandas da espiritualidade e, por isso, levaram vidas altamente materiais e hedonistas. Todas as esferas da atividade mundana, seja social, política, econômica ou cultural, foram privadas da luz da espiritualidade; o resultado foi injustiça e tirania.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Em contrapartida, os que queriam manter o caminho da excelência espiritual passaram a ver a si mesmos como \"párias nobres\" do mundo. Acreditavam que era impossível para o crescimento espiritual ser compatível com uma vida \"normal\". Em sua visão a autonegação física e a mortificação da carne eram necessárias para o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento do espírito. Inventaram exercícios espirituais e práticas ascéticas que mataram os desejos físicos e insensibilizaram os sentidos do corpo. Consideravam as florestas, montanhas e outros locais solitários como ideais para o desenvolvimento espiritual, porque a agitação e o alvoroço da vida interferiria com suas meditações. Não podiam conceber o desenvolvimento espiritual, exceto através do abandono do mundo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Esse conflito de corpo e alma resultaram na evolução de dois ideais diferentes para o aperfeiçoamento do homem. Um era que o homem devia ser cercado de todos os confortos materiais possíveis e se considerar como nada além de um animal. Os homens aprenderam a voar como os pássaros, nadar como os peixes, correr como os cavalos e até a aterrorizar e destruir como os lobos, mas não aprenderam como viver como seres humanos nobres. O outro era que os sentidos não deviam ser apenas subjugados e conquistados, mas que poderes extrassensoriais deviam ser despertados e eliminadas as limitações do mundo sensorial. Com essas novas conquistas os homens deviam ser capazes de ouvir vozes distantes como se fossem poderosos equipamentos sem fio, ver objetos distantes como se faz com um telescópio e desenvolver poderes através dos quais o mero toque de suas mãos ou um rápido olhar curaria o incurável.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O ponto de vista islâmico difere radicalmente dessas abordagens. De acordo com o Islã, Deus designou a alma humana com Seu califa (vice gerente) nesse mundo. Ele a investiu com certa autoridade e deu a ela certas responsabilidades e obrigações e, para que fossem cumpridas, conferiu à alma a melhor e mais adequada estrutura física. O corpo foi criado com o único objetivo de permitir à alma usá-lo no exercício de sua autoridade e no cumprimento de seus deveres e responsabilidades. O corpo não é uma prisão para a alma, mas sua oficina ou fábrica; e se a alma tiver que crescer e desenvolver, será somente através dessa oficina. Consequentemente, esse mundo não é um lugar de punição no qual a alma humana infelizmente se encontra, mas um campo para o qual Deus a enviou para trabalhar e cumprir seu dever em relação a Ele.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Portanto, o desenvolvimento espiritual não deve assumir a forma do homem se afastando de sua oficina e se refugiando em um canto.  Ao invés disso, o homem deve viver e trabalhar nela e dar o melhor de si. É parte de uma avaliação dele; todo aspecto e esfera de vida é, como foi, uma pergunta em um teste: a casa, a família, a vizinhança, a sociedade, o mercado, o escritório, a fábrica, a escola, os tribunais, a delegacia, o parlamento, a conferência de paz e o campo de batalha, todos representam perguntas em testes que o homem precisa responder. Se deixar a maior parte do livro de respostas em branco, está propenso a ser reprovado no teste. Sucesso e desenvolvimento só são possíveis se o homem devota toda sua vida a esse teste e tenta responder a todas as perguntas do teste que conseguir.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Islã condena e rejeita a visão ascética de vida e propõe um conjunto de métodos e processos para o desenvolvimento espiritual do homem não fora desse mundo, mas dentro dele. O lugar verdadeiro para o crescimento do espírito é no meio da vida e não em locais solitários de hibernação espiritual.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Critério de desenvolvimento espiritual<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Discutiremos agora como o Islã julga o desenvolvimento ou decadência da alma. Em sua função como vice gerente (Califa) de Deus, o homem presta contas a Deus por todas as suas atividades. É seu dever usar todos os poderes que lhes foram concedidos de acordo com a vontade divina. Deve utilizar ao máximo todas as faculdades e potencialidades concedidas a ele para buscar a aprovação de Deus. Em seus negócios com outras pessoas deve se comportar de modo a tentar agradar a Deus. Em resumo, todas as suas energias devem ser direcionadas para a regulamentação dos assuntos desse mundo da forma que Deus os quer regulamentados. Quanto melhor um homem fizer isso, com senso de responsabilidade, obediência e humildade e com o objetivo de buscar a satisfação do Senhor, mais próximo estará de Deus. No Islã o desenvolvimento espiritual é sinônimo de proximidade com Deus. Da mesma forma, não será capaz de se aproximar de Deus se for preguiçoso e desobediente. E, no Islã, distância de Deus significa a queda espiritual e a decadência do homem.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Do ponto de vista islâmico, portanto, as esferas de atividade do homem religioso e do homem secular são as mesmas. Não apenas ambos trabalharão nas mesmas esferas; o homem religioso trabalhará com maior entusiasmo que o homem secular. O homem de religião será tão ativo quanto o homem do mundo. De fato, será mais ativo em sua vida doméstica e social, que se estende dos confins da sua casa a praça do mercado e até a conferências internacionais.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O que distinguirá suas ações será a natureza de suas relações com Deus e os objetivos por trás de suas ações. O que quer que um homem religioso faça, será feito com o sentimento de que presta contas a Deus, de que deve tentar assegurar a satisfação divina, que suas ações devem estar de acordo com as leis de Deus. Uma pessoa secular será indiferente em relação a Deus e será guiada em suas ações somente por seus motivos pessoais. Essa diferença faz toda a vida material de um homem de religião um empreendimento totalmente espiritual e toda a vida de uma pessoa secular uma existência destituída da faísca da espiritualidade.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13378,"lft":966,"rght":967,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-05T21:05:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-05T19:28:30.000000Z","language_id":15,"user_id":7,"author_id":912,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":595,"author_name":"\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-05","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Islamic Concept of Spirituality.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Islamic Concept of Spirituality.docx"},{"id":1193,"title":"The Spirit of Worship in Islam","slug":"the-spirit-of-worship-in-islam","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-The Spirit of Worship in Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-The Spirit of Worship in Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:the-spirit-of-worship-in-islam","hint":"","body":"

The Spirit of Worship in Islam<\/strong><\/span>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(part 1 of 3): Worship and Prayer<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ibadah<\/em> (worship) is an Arabic word derived from abd (a slave) and it means submission.  It portrays that God is your Master and you are His slave, and whatever a slave does in obedience to and for the pleasure of his Master is Ibadah<\/em>.  The Islamic concept of Ibadah<\/em> is very wide.  If you free your speech from filth, falsehood, malice, and abuse and speak the truth and talk goodly things and do all these only because God has so ordained to do, they constitute Ibadah<\/em>, however secular they may look in semblance.  If you obey the law of God in letter and spirit in your commercial and economic affairs and abide by it in your dealings with your parents, relatives, friends, and all those who come in contact with you, verily all these activities of yours are Ibadah<\/em>.  If you help the poor and the destitute, give food to the hungry, and serve the ailing and the afflicted persons, and do all this not for any personal gain of yours but only to seek the pleasure of God, they are nothing short ofIbadah<\/em>.  Even your economic activities, the activities you undertake to earn your living and to feed your dependants, are Ibadah<\/em> if you remain honest and truthful in them and observe the law of God.  In short, all your activities and your entire life are Ibadah<\/em> if they are in accordance with the law of God, and your heart is filled with His awe, and your ultimate objective in undertaking all theses activities is to seek the pleasure of God.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Thus, whenever you do good or avoid evil for fear of God, in whatever sphere of life and field of activity, you are discharging your Islamic obligations.  This is the true significance of Ibadah<\/em>, namely total submission to the pleasure of Allah; the molding into the patterns of Islam your entire life, leaving out not even the most insignificant part thereof.  To help achieve this aim, a set of formal `ibadat (acts of worship) has been constituted, which serves as a course of training.  These `ibadat are thus the pillars on which the edifice of Islam rests.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Salah<\/em> (Prayer) is the most primary and the most important of these obligations.  And what is salah<\/em>?  It is the prescribed daily Prayers which consist in repeating and refreshing, five times a day, the belief in which you repose your faith.  You get up early in the morning, cleanse yourself and present yourself before your Lord for Prayer.  The various poses that you assume during your Prayers are the very embodiment of the spirit of submission; the various recitals remind you of your commitments to your God.  You seek His guidance and ask Him again and again to enable you to avoid His wrath and follow His chosen path.  You read out from the Book of the Lord and express witness to the truth of the Prophet, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, and also refresh your belief in the Day of Judgment and enliven in your memory the fact that you have to appear before your Lord and give an account of your entire life.  This is how your day starts.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Then, after a few hours the muezzin<\/em> (caller to prayer) calls you to Prayer, and you again submit to your God and renew your covenant with Him.  You dissociate yourself from your worldly engagements for a few moments and seek audience with God.  This once again brings to the fore of your mind your real role in life.  After this rededication you revert to your occupations and again present yourself to the Lord after a few hours.  This again acts as a reminder to you, and you once more refocus your attention on the stipulations of your faith.  When the sun sets and the darkness of the night begins to shroud you, you again submit yourself to God in Prayer so that you may not forget your duties and obligations in the midst of the approaching shadows of the night.  And then after a few hours you again appear before your Lord, and this is your last Prayer of the day.  Thus before going to bed you once again renew your faith and prostrate before your God.  And this is how you complete your day.  The frequency and timings of the Prayers never let the object and mission of life be lost sight of in the maze of worldly activities.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

It is but easy to understand how the daily Prayers strengthen the foundations of your faith, prepare you for the observance of a life of virtue and obedience to God, and refresh that belief from which spring courage, sincerity, purposefulness, purity of heart, advancement of the soul, and enrichment of morals.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Now see how this is achieved: One performs ablution in the way prescribed by the Prophet.  One also says their Prayers according to the instructions of the Prophet.  Why do they do so?  Simply because they believe in the prophethood of Muhammad and deem it their bounden duty to follow him ungrudgingly.  Why do they not intentionally misrecite the Quran?  Isn’t it so because they regard the Book as the Word of God and deem it a sin to deviate from its letter?  In the Prayers they recite many things quietly, and if they do not recite them or make any deviation from them, there is no one to check them.  But they never do so intentionally.  Why?  Because they believe that God is Ever Watchful and that He listens to all that you recite and is aware of things open and hidden.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(part 2 of 3): The Prayer and Fasting<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

What makes a Muslim say their Prayers at places where there is no one to ask them to offer them or even to see them offering them?  Isn’t it so because of their belief that God is ever looking at you?  What makes them leave their important business and other occupations and rush towards the mosque for Prayers?  What makes them terminate your sweet sleep in the early hours of the morning, to go to the mosque in the heat of the noon, and to leave their evening entertainments for the sake of Prayers?  Is it anything other than sense of duty—their realization that they must fulfill your responsibility to the Lord, come what may?  And why are they afraid of any mistake in Prayer?  Because their heart is filled with the fear of God and they know that they have to appear before Him on the Day of Judgment and give an account of their entire life.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Now look!  Can there be a better course of moral and spiritual training than Prayer?  It is this training which makes a man a perfect Muslim.  It reminds him of his covenant with God, refreshes his faith in Him, and keeps the belief in the Day of Judgment alive and ever present before his mind’s eye.  It makes him follow the Prophet, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, and trains him in the observance of his duties.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This is indeed a strict training for conforming one’s practice to one’s ideals.  Obviously if a man’s consciousness of his duties towards his Creator is so acute that he prizes it above all worldly gains and keeps refreshing it through Prayers, he would certainly not be inviting the displeasure of God hat he all along has striven to avoid.  He will abide by the law of God in the entire gamut of life in the same way as he follows it in the five Prayers every day.  This man can be relied upon in other fields of activity as well, for if the shadows of sin or deceit approach him, he will try to avoid them for fear of the Lord that would be ever present in his heart.  And if even after such a vital training a man misbehaves himself in other fields of life and disobeys the law of God, it can only be because of some intrinsic depravity of his self.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Then again, a Muslim should say their Prayers in congregation and especially so the Friday Prayer.  This creates among the Muslims a bond of love and mutual understanding.  This arouses in them the sense of their collective unity and fosters among them national fraternity.  All of them say their Prayers in one congregation and this inculcates in them a deep feeling of brotherhood.  Prayers are also a symbol of equality, for the poor and the rich, the low and the high, the rulers and the ruled, the educated and the unlettered, the black and the white all stand in one row and prostrate before their Lord.  Prayers also inculcate in Muslims a strong sense of discipline and obedience to the elected leader.  In short, Prayers train them in all those virtues that make possible the development of a rich individual and collective life.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

These are a few of the myriad of benefits Muslims derive from the daily Prayers.  If we refuse to avail ourselves of them we, and only we, are the losers.  If you see that some Muslims shirk the prayers, this can only mean one of two things: Either they do not recognize Prayers as our duty or they recognize them.  In the first case, their claim to faith shall be a shameless lie, for if they refuse to take orders from Allah they no longer acknowledge His authority.  In the second case, if they recognize Allah's authority and still flout His commands, then they are the most unreliable of creatures that ever trod the earth.  For if they can do this to the highest authority in the universe, what guarantee is there that they shall not do the same in their dealings with other human beings?  And if duplicity overwhelms a society, what a hell of discord it is bound to become!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Fasting<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

What the prayers seek to serve five times a day, fasting in the month of Ramadan (ninth month of the lunar year) does once a year.  During this period from dawn to dusk, Muslims eat not a grain of food nor drink a drop of water, no matter how delicious the dish or how hungry or thirsty they feel.  What is it that makes them voluntarily undergo such rigors?  It is nothing but faith in God and the fear of Him and of the Day of Judgment.  Each and every moment during the fast, Muslims suppress their passions and desires, and proclaim by their doing so the supremacy of the Law of God.  This consciousness of duty and the spirit of patience that incessant fasting for full one month inculcates in Muslims help them to strengthen their faith.  Rigor and discipline during this month bring us face to face with the realities of life, and help them make their life during the rest of the year a life of true subservience to His will.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

From yet another point of view, fasting has an immense impact on society, for all Muslims, irrespective of their status, must observe fasting during the same month.  This brings to prominence the essential equality of men, and thus goes a long way towards creating in them sentiments of love and brotherhood.  During Ramadan evil conceals itself while good comes to the fore, and the whole atmosphere is filled with piety and purity.  This discipline has been imposed on Muslims to their own advantage.  Those who do not fulfill this cannot be relied upon in the discharge of their duties.  But the worst are those who, during this holy month, do not hesitate to eat or drink in public.  They are the people who by their conduct show that they care not a trifle for the commands of Allah, in Whom they profess their belief as their Creator and Sustainer.  Not only this, they also show that they are not loyal members of the Muslim community; rather, they have nothing to do with it.  It is evident that in so far as obedience to law and regard for a trust reposed in them goes, only the worst could be expected of such hypocrites.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(part 3 of 3): Zakah and Hajj<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Zakah<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\r\n

The third obligation is zakah<\/em>.  Every Muslim whose financial condition is above a certain specified minimum must pay annually 2.5 percent of his or her cash balance to a deserving fellow being.  This is the minimum.  The more you pay, the greater the reward that God shall bestow on you.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The money that we pay as zakah<\/em> is not something God needs or receives.  He is above any want and need.  He, in His benign mercy, promises us rewards manifold if we help our brethren.  But there is one basic condition for being thus rewarded.  And it is this: that when we pay in the name of God, we shall not expect nor demand any worldly gains from the beneficiaries nor aim at making our names as philanthropists.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Zakah<\/em> is as basic to Islam as other forms of worship: salah<\/em> (prayers) and saum<\/em>(fasting).  The fundamental importance of zakah<\/em> lies in the fact that it fosters in us the qualities of sacrifice and rids us of selfishness and plutolatry.  Islam accepts within its fold only those who are ready to give away in God’s way from their hard earned wealth willingly and without any temporal or personal gain.  It has nothing to do with misers.  A true Muslim will, when the call comes, sacrifice all his belongings in the way of God, for zakah<\/em> has already trained him for such sacrifice.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

There are immense gains to the society in the institution of zakah<\/em>.  It is the bounden duty of every well-to-do Muslim to help his lowly placed poor brethren.  His wealth is not to be spent solely for his own comfort and luxury, as there are rightful claimants on his wealth, and they are the nation’s widows and orphans; the poor and the invalid; and those who have ability but lack the means by which they could seek useful employment; those who have the faculties and brilliance but not the money with which they could acquire knowledge and become useful members of the community.  He who does not recognize the right on his wealth of such members of his own community is indeed cruel.  For there could be no greater cruelty than to fill one’s own coffers while thousands die of hunger or suffer the agonies of unemployment.  Islam is a sworn enemy of such selfishness, greed, and acquisitiveness.  People not ingrained with these morals, devoid of sentiments of universal love, know only to preserve wealth and to add to it by lending it out on interest.  Islam’s teachings are the very antithesis of this attitude.  Here one shares one’s wealth with others and helps them stand on their own legs and become productive members of the society.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Hajj<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Hajj, or the pilgrimage to Mecca, is the fourth basic act of worship.  It is obligatory once in a lifetime only for those who can afford it.  When Muslims undertake the pilgrimage, they are required to suppress our passions, refrain from bloodshed, and be pure in word and deed.  God promises rewards for our sincerity and submissiveness.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Hajj is, in a way, the biggest of all acts of worship.  This is so because unless people really loved God, then they would never undertake such a long journey, leaving all their near and dear ones behind them.  It may seem easy now with the appearance of airplanes and vehicles, but imagine in the past when Muslims had to take a long arduous journey, facing fatigue, hunger and death, often taking more than a year!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This pilgrimage is unlike any other journey.  Here, pilgrims’ thoughts are concentrated on God, their very beings vibrate with the spirit of intense devotion.  When they reach the holy places, they find the atmosphere laden with piety and godliness; they visit places which bear witness to the glory of Islam, and all this leaves an indelible impression on their minds, which they carry to their last breath.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In addition, there are in Hajj, as in any other act of worship, many benefits that Muslims can gain.  Mecca is the center towards which the Muslims must converge once a year and discuss topics of common interest.  Hajj refreshes in them the faith that all Muslims are equal and deserve the love and sympathy irrespective of their geographical or cultural origin.  Thus, Hajj unites Muslims from around the world into one international brotherhood.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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L’esprit d’adoration en islam<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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 (partie 1 de 3) : L’adoration et la prière<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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Ibadah<\/em> (adoration) est un mot arabe dérivé du mot abd (serviteur), qui a le sens de « soumission ».  C’est un mot qui laisse entendre que Dieu est notre Maître et que nous sommes ses serviteurs; et tout ce qu’un serviteur fait par obéissance envers son Maître et dans l’espoir d’obtenir Sa satisfaction est appelé Ibadah<\/em>.  Le concept islamique de la Ibadah<\/em> est très large.  Si nous faisons attention à soigner notre langage, que nous évitons le mensonge, les paroles méchantes et la médisance, si nous nous efforçons de ne dire que la vérité, d’appliquer le principe de dire une bonne chose ou de nous taire, et que nous ne faisons tout cela que parce que Dieu nous l’a ordonné, alors ces actes sont des actes de Ibadah<\/em>, même s’ils n’impliquent pas le fait de prier ou de faire des invocations comme tel.  Si nous nous conformons à la Loi de Dieu, dans son langage et dans son esprit, dans nos tractations et nos échanges commerciaux, dans nos relations avec nos parents, notre famille, nos amis et tous ceux avec lesquels nous entrons en contact, alors ce respect des lois divines est un acte deIbadah<\/em>.  Si nous aidons les pauvres, que nous donnons à manger à ceux qui ont faim, que nous prenons soin des malades et des personnes affligées, et que nous faisons tout cela de façon totalement désintéressée et uniquement pour la recherche de la satisfaction de Dieu, nos actes sont des actes de Ibadah<\/em>.  Même le fait de travailler pour subvenir aux besoins de nos proches est une Ibadah<\/em> si nous le faisons en toute honnêteté et en respectant les lois de Dieu.  Bref, toutes nos activités et notre vie entière sont des Ibadah<\/em> si elles sont menées conformément aux lois de Dieu, que notre cœur est rempli de respect et de crainte envers Lui et que notre objectif ultime est de faire ces activités et de mener notre vie de manière à obtenir Sa satisfaction.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ainsi, chaque fois que nous faisons une bonne action ou que nous évitons d’en commettre une mauvaise par crainte de Dieu, nous remplissons une partie de nos obligations islamiques.  Telle est le véritable sens de la Ibadah<\/em>, c’est-à-dire une totale soumission à Dieu, qui fait en sorte que toute notre vie durant, nous nous conformons aux règles de l’islam en nous efforçant de n’en rien négliger.  C’est pour nous aider à atteindre cet objectif que des actes d’adoration formels ont été établis, nous aidant à faire une habitude des actes de Ibadah<\/em>.  Ces actes formels sont les piliers sur lesquels repose l’édifice de l’islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

La salah<\/em> (prière) est la première et la plus importante de ces obligations.  Cinq prières quotidiennes sont prescrites et consistent à répéter et à se rappeler la croyance sur laquelle repose notre foi.  Nous nous levons tôt le matin, nous faisons nos ablutions et nous nous présentons devant notre Seigneur pour prier.  Les diverses positions que nous prenons durant nos prières incarnent l’esprit de soumission de l’islam, tandis que les paroles que nous y récitons nous rappellent nos engagements envers Dieu.  Nous Lui demandons de nous guider, nous L’implorons de nous aider à ne point encourir Sa colère et à suivre la voie qu’Il a choisie pour nous.  Nous récitons les versets du Livre de Dieu et reconnaissons Mohammed comme notre prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui).  Nous nous rappelons le Jour du Jugement et le fait que nous devrons nous présenter devant notre Seigneur pour Lui rendre des comptes.  Voilà comment débute notre journée.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Puis, quelques heures plus tard, le muezzin<\/em> (celui qui fait l’appel à la prière) appelle à nouveau les croyants à faire leur prière; nous nous soumettons à nouveau à Dieu et renouvelons notre engagement envers Lui.  Quelques instants durant, nous nous dissocions des choses de ce monde et entrons en contact avec Dieu, ce qui ramène à notre esprit la réelle raison de notre existence.  Puis, nous retournons à nos occupations quotidiennes, pour retourner prier quelques heures plus tard, au cœur de l’après-midi.  Quand le soleil se couche et que le ciel commence à s’obscurcir, nous accomplissons une autre prière qui nous aide, elle aussi, à ne pas oublier nos devoirs et obligations envers Dieu.  Et enfin, durant la soirée, nous accomplissons une dernière prière, ce qui signifie qu’avant d’aller dormir, nous réaffirmons notre foi et nous nous prosternons une dernière fois, pour cette journée, devant Dieu.  Les horaires et la fréquence des prières font en sorte que nous ne perdons jamais de vue le réel objectif de notre existence, même lorsque nous sommes plongés dans le tourbillon de nos activités quotidiennes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Il est facile de comprendre comment les prières quotidiennes raffermissent les fondements de notre foi, nous aident à mener une vie vertueuse, nous poussent à obéir à Dieu, et rafraîchissent nos croyances desquelles découlent le courage, la sincérité, la détermination, la pureté de cœur, l’élévation de l’âme et les valeurs morales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Nous faisons nos ablutions de la manière prescrite par notre Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui).  Nous accomplissons aussi nos prières comme il nous l’a montré.  Pourquoi?  Tout simplement parce que nous croyons à la mission prophétique de Mohammed et que nous considérons de notre devoir de suivre sa voie sans réserve aucune.  Et si nous récitons le Coran sans jamais en rien modifier, c’est que nous croyons qu’il est la parole de Dieu et qu’en changer ne serait-ce qu’une lettre constitue un péché grave.  Dans nos prières, nous récitons plusieurs versets et autre paroles à voix inaudible; si nous les récitions incorrectement ou en omettions certaines parties, il n’y aurait personne pour nous corriger.  Et pourtant, nul d’entre nous ne penserait même à le faire intentionnellement.  Pourquoi?  Parce que nous croyons que Dieu nous surveille en tout temps, qu’Il entend tout ce que nous récitons, même à voix inaudible, et qu’Il connaît tout ce qui est apparent et tout ce qui est caché.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(partie 2 de 3) : La prière et le jeûne<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Qu’est-ce qui pousse le musulman à offrir ses prières en des endroits où personne ne peut le voir et à des moments où personne ne lui a demandé de le faire?  N’est-ce pas parce qu’il croit que Dieu l’observe à chaque instant et en tout lieu?  Qu’est-ce qui, durant quelques minutes, le pousse à laisser tomber ses occupations quotidiennes, aussi importantes soient-elles, pour se diriger vers la mosquée et prier?  Qu’est-ce qui l’arrache à son lit et à son sommeil confortable, aux petites heures du matin?  Qu’est-ce qui le pousse à se rendre à la mosquée durant les grandes chaleurs de l’après-midi ou à laisser tomber ses divertissements du soir pour aller prier?  Serait-ce autre chose que le simple sens du devoir, le sentiment d’avoir à remplir ses responsabilités envers son Seigneur?  Et pourquoi ne se risque-t-il jamais à apporter des modifications de son cru à ses prières?  Parce que son cœur est rempli de la crainte de Dieu et qu’il sait qu’il devra se présenter devant Lui, au Jour du Jugement, pour rendre des comptes sur la vie qu’il aura menée sur terre.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Y a-t-il meilleur entraînement moral et spirituel que la prière à heures régulières?  C’est cet entraînement qui fait d’une personne une parfaite musulmane, car la prière lui rappelle constamment l’engagement qu’elle a pris envers Dieu, revigore sa foi en Lui et lui apporte la conscience permanente du Jour du Jugement.  Cela l’amène également à suivre la voie tracée par le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) et à observer ses devoirs religieux.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

C’est un entraînement rigoureux qui permet au musulman de mettre en pratique ses idéaux.  Il va de soi que si le sens du devoir d’une personne envers son Créateur est si développé qu’elle place ces devoirs au-dessus de toutes ses occupations quotidiennes et qu’elle s’astreint sérieusement à accomplir ses cinq prières quotidiennes, alors elle n’encourra pas intentionnellement la colère de Dieu, colère qu’elle s’efforce constamment d’éviter.  Elle s’efforcera de se conformer à la Loi de Dieu dans toutes les sphères de sa vie avec le même sérieux qu’elle met à accomplir ses cinq prières quotidiennes.  Cette personne se révélera le plus souvent fiable à plusieurs niveaux, car si l’ombre du péché s’approche d’elle, elle fera tout pour l’éviter, car son cœur est rempli de la crainte de Dieu.  Mais si, par malheur, cette personne tombe dans le péché et désobéit à Dieu, cela ne peut être dû qu’à un problème provenant du plus profond de son être.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Il est préférable, pour les musulmans, de faire leurs prières en congrégation, et plus particulièrement la prière du vendredi.  Cela contribue à créer des liens d’amour et de respect mutuel entre les musulmans.  Cela éveille également en eux la conscience de leur collectivité et de leur unité et développe chez eux des sentiments de fraternité.  Les prières en congrégation sont également un symbole d’égalité, car les riches et les pauvres, les dirigeants et les subalternes, les éduqués et les illettrés, les Noirs et les Blancs, tous se tiennent côte à côte et se prosternent ensemble devant leur Seigneur.  Les prières à horaires réguliers inculquent également une certaine discipline chez le musulman et l’obéissance envers celui qui a été nommé pour diriger la prière.  Bref, la prière amène le musulman à acquérir toutes ces vertus qui rendent possible le développement d’une vie individuelle et collective pleine de richesse.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

C’étaient là quelques-uns des nombreux bienfaits que retire le musulman des prières quotidiennes.  Si nous refusons de les accomplir, nous sommes les uniques perdants.  Si vous voyez des musulmans refuser de prier, de deux choses l’une : soit ils considèrent que la prière n’est pas obligatoire, soit ils considèrent qu’elle l’est.  Dans le premier cas, leur prétention à la foi n’est qu’un honteux mensonge, car s’ils refusent de recevoir des ordres de Dieu, c’est qu’ils ne reconnaissent même pas Son autorité.  Dans le second cas, s’ils reconnaissent l’autorité de Dieu mais font fi de Ses ordres, alors ils sont les êtres les moins fiables qui soient sur terre.  Car s’ils se permettent d’agir ainsi vis-à-vis de la plus grande autorité qui existe dans l’univers, quelle garantie avons-nous qu’ils n’agiront pas de même avec leurs frères du genre humain?  Et si la duplicité prend le dessus, dans une société, à quoi doit-on s’attendre?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le jeûne<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Comme les prières nous apportent des bienfaits cinq fois par jour, le jeûne du mois de ramadan nous en apporte une fois l’an.  Durant ce mois, les musulmans s’abstiennent de manger et de boire du lever au coucher du soleil, peu importe à quel point ils ont faim et soif.  Et qu’est-ce qui les pousse à s’astreindre ainsi si ce n’est leur foi en Dieu et la crainte du Jour du Jugement.  À chaque instant du jeûne, le musulman combat ses désirs et ce faisant, proclame la suprématie de la Loi de Dieu.  Ce sens du devoir et l’esprit de patience qu’inculque tout un mois de jeûne aide le musulman à raffermir sa foi.  La rigueur et la discipline, durant ce mois, nous ramènent aux réalités de la vie et nous aident, durant le reste de l’année, à nous soumettre totalement à Sa volonté.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Par ailleurs, le jeûne a un certain impact sur les sociétés musulmanes car tous les musulmans, indépendamment de leur statut, doivent jeûner au cours du même mois, ce qui rappelle l’essentielle égalité des hommes et crée chez eux des sentiments d’amour et de fraternité.  Durant le ramadan, le mal demeure à l’arrière-plan, tandis que le bien occupe l’avant-scène, ce qui crée une atmosphère générale de piété et de pureté.  C’est pour leur bien que cette discipline a été imposée aux musulmans.  Et ceux qui ne respectent pas le jeûne ne sont pas des gens auxquels ont peut se fier.  Les pires d’entre eux sont ceux qui, en toute connaissance de cause, n’hésitent pas à manger et à boire en public durant ce mois sacré.  Ils démontrent ainsi à tous qu’ils n’ont que faire des ordres de Dieu et qu’ils ne sont pas des membres fidèles de la communauté musulmane, dont ils se dissocient manifestement.  Vu leur mépris pour le respect de la Loi et pour les obligations religieuses, on ne peut attendre que le pire de tels hypocrites.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(partie 3 de 3) : La zakah et le Hajj<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

La zakah<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\r\n

La troisième obligation est la zakah<\/em>.  Chaque musulman dont les avoirs dépassent un certain montant minimal doit en prélever 2,5 pourcent annuellement pour le donner en charité.  Cela constitue un minimum fixé par la Loi divine, mais quiconque souhaite donner plus en espérant la rétribution de Dieu peut le faire.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dieu n’a pas besoin de l’argent que nous payons pour la zakah et Il ne la reçoit pas non plus.  Dieu se situe bien au-delà de toute convoitise ou besoin.  Dans Son infinie miséricorde, Il nous promet une très large rétribution si nous aidons les plus pauvres d’entre nous.  Mais il existe une condition essentielle à cette rétribution : que lorsque nous donnons en charité au nom de Dieu, nous n’attendions ni ne demandions rien en retour à ceux que nous aidons et que nous ne cherchions point à acquérir une réputation de philanthrope.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

La zakah<\/em> est un des éléments de base de l’islam, au même titre que la prière et le jeûne.  L’importance de la zakah<\/em> réside dans le fait qu’elle éveille en nous le sens du sacrifice et nous débarrasse de notre égoïsme et de notre avidité au gain.  Par amour de Dieu, le véritable musulman est toujours prêt à donner des biens qu’il a durement gagnés et ce, sans rien attendre en retour de ceux qui reçoivent ses dons.  L’avarice n’est donc pas le propre du musulman.  Le véritable musulman n’hésitera jamais à tout sacrifier pour Dieu, si cela s’avère un jour nécessaire, car la zakah<\/em> l’aura déjà préparé à ce genre de sacrifice.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

C’est toute la société qui profite de la zakah<\/em>.  Il est du devoir de tout musulman bien nanti d’aider ses frères plus pauvres.  La richesse du musulman ne doit pas être dépensée uniquement pour son confort personnel.  Certains membres de la société ont un droit sur sa richesse, tels les orphelins et les veuves, les pauvres et les invalides, ceux qui n’arrivent pas à trouver un emploi, etc.  Le bien nanti qui refuse de reconnaître que ces personnes, qui font partie de sa propre communauté, ont un droit sur ses richesses possède un véritable cœur de pierre.  Car il n’y a pas pire cruauté que de continuer à remplir ses coffres quand des milliers de musulmans meurent de faim ou vivent dans une anxiété perpétuelle parce qu’ils n’arrivent pas à trouver un emploi.  L’islam est l’ennemi de l’égoïsme, de l’avarice et de la convoitise.  Les gens chez qui ce genre de valeurs sont enracinées et dont le cœur est dépourvu d’amour pour leurs frères ne savent qu’amasser des richesses et les faire fructifier en en prêtant une partie à intérêts.  Les enseignements de l’islam sont aux antipodes de ce genre d’attitude.  Le musulman partage ses richesses avec ceux qui en ont besoin, les aide à regagner une dignité et à devenir des membres productifs de leur société.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le Hajj<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Le Hajj, ou pèlerinage à la Mecque, est le quatrième acte d’adoration de base de l’islam.  Il est obligatoire une fois durant la vie pour tout musulman qui en a les moyens.  Quand les musulmans entreprennent le pèlerinage, ils doivent réprimer leurs désirs, éviter de se disputer et s’efforcer de ne prononcer que de bonnes paroles et de n’accomplir que de bonnes actions.  Dieu nous promet une généreuse rétribution pour notre sincérité et notre soumission.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

D’une certaine façon, le Hajj est le plus grand des actes d’adoration.  Cela parce qu’à moins d’aimer Dieu sincèrement, nul n’entreprendrait un si long voyage, laissant derrière lui ses proches et sa patrie.  Cela peut sembler plus facile, de nos jours, avec les avions et les divers moyens de transport; mais imaginez, par le passé, quand les musulmans devaient entreprendre de longs et épuisants voyages qui duraient, dans certains cas, jusqu’à un an, et  durant lesquels ils subissaient la fatigue, la faim, la soif, et parfois même la mort!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le pèlerinage n’est comparable à aucun autre voyage.  Ici, les pèlerins ne pensent à rien d’autre qu’à Dieu et leur être tout entier est en état de dévotion.  Lorsqu’ils atteignent les lieux saints, ils y trouvent une atmosphère remplie de piété.  Ils visitent ensuite des endroits qui sont les témoins de la gloire de l’islam, ce qui provoque une très forte impression, chez eux, et ils en gardent le souvenir toute leur vie durant.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

De plus, il y a dans le Hajj, comme dans les autres actes d’adoration, de nombreux bienfaits pour le musulman.  La Mecque est le centre vers lequel convergent des millions de musulmans, chaque année.  Le Hajj les fait sentir tous égaux et leur rappelle qu’ils méritent tous l’amour et la sympathie de leurs frères, peu importe leurs origines ou de quel pays ils viennent.  Le Hajj, donc, unit les musulmans du monde entier et fait d’eux une fraternité internationale.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Der Geist des Gottesdienstes im Islam<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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(teil 1 von 3): Gottesdienst und Gebet<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Ibadah<\/em> (Gottesdienst) ist ein arabisches Wort, das von abd (Diener) abgeleitet ist und Hingabe, Unterwerfung bedeutet.  Es portaitiert, dass Gott dein Meister ist, und du bist sein Diener und was auch immer ein Diener aus Gehorsam seinem Meister gegenüber und zu dessen Zufriedenheit tut, ist Ibadah<\/em>.  Die Islamische Vorstellung vonIbadah<\/em> <\/em>ist sehr breit.  Wenn du deine Rede von Schmutz, Falschheit, Boshaftigkeit und Beschimpfungen befreist und die Wahrheit sprichst und gute Dinge sagst und all dies nur machst, weil Gott es so vorgeschrieben hat, dann stellt all dies eineIbadah<\/em> <\/em>dar, egal, wie weltlich sie auch scheinen mögen.  Wenn du den Gesetzen Gottes in Schrift und im Geist gehorchst, in deinen kommerziellen und wirtschaftlichen Angelegenheiten und daran auch in deinem Umgang mit deinen Eltern, Verwandten, Freunden und allen jenen festhälst, mit denen du Kontakt hast, dann zählen alle diese Tätigkeiten von dir als Ibadah<\/em>.  Wenn du den Armen und Bedürftigen hilfst, den Hungrigen zu essen gibst und den leidenden und kranken Menschen beistehst und all dies nicht für deinen persönlichen Nutzen tust, sondern nur für die Zufriedenheit Gottes, ist dies nichts Geringeres als Ibadah. <\/em>Sogar deine wirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten, die Tätigkeiten, die du ausübst, um deinen Lebensunterhalt zu verdienen und die Deinen zu versorgen, sind Ibadah,<\/em>wenn du ehrlich und wahrhaftig darin bleibst und das Gesetz Gottes beachtest.  Kurz gesagt, alle deine Aktivitäten und dein gesamtes Leben sind Ibadah,<\/em> wenn sie im Einklang mit dem Gesetz Gottes stehen, und dein Herz mit Ehrfurcht erfüllt ist und dein einziges ultimatives Ziel bei allen diesen Aktivitäten ist, die Zufriedenheit Gottes zu erreichen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Also wann immer du Gutes tust oder Schlechtes aus Furcht vor Gott vermeidest, egel in welchem Bereich des Lebens oder in welchem Tätigkeitsfeld, dann erfüllst du damit deine Islamischen Verpflichtungen.  Dies ist die wahre Bedeutung von Ibadah,<\/em> <\/em>wörtlich die absolute Unterwerfung zum Wohlgefallen Allahs; das Verschmelzen der Ideale des Islam in deinem gesamten Leben, ohne den geringsten Teil davon auszulassen.  Um dieses hohe Ziel leichter erreichen zu können, wurden einige formelle ´Ibadat<\/em> (gottesdienstliche Handlungen) aufgestellt, die uns wie ein Trainingskurs dienen sollen.  Diese ´Ibadat<\/em> <\/em>sind die Säulen, auf denen das Bauwerk des Islam ruht. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Salah<\/em> (Gebet) ist die erste und wichtigste dieser Verpflichtungen.  Und was istSalah<\/em>?  Es sind die vorgeschriebenen täglichen Gebete, die aus Wiederholungen und Auffrischungen bestehen, fünfmal täglich, die Zeiten in denen sich dein Glaube erholt.  Du stehst am frühen Morgen auf, reinigst dich und stellst dich vor deinem Herrn zum Gebet auf.  Die unterschiedlichen Körperhaltungen, die du in deinen Gebeten einnimmst, sind die wirkliche Verkörperung des Geistes der Unterwerfung; die verschiedenen Rezitationen erinnern dich an deine Verpflichtungen deinem Gott gegenüber.  Du suchst Seine Rechtleitung und bittest Ihn wieder und wieder, dir die Fähigkeit zu geben, Seinem Zorn zu entgehen und dem von Ihm gewählten Weg zu folgen.  Du liest aus dem Buch deines Herrn und bezeugst die Wahrhaftigkeit des Propheten, Gottes Segen und Frieden seien auf ihm, und du frischst auch deinen Glauben an den Tag des Jüngsten Gerichts wieder auf und rufst dir die Tatsache in dein Gedächtnis zurück, dass du vor deinem Herrn erscheinen musst und Rechenschaft über dein ganzes Leben ablegen musst.  So beginnst du deinen Tag. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dann, nach wenigen Stunden, ruft dich der Muezzin<\/em> <\/em>(Gebetsrufer) zum Gebet, und wieder unterwirfst du dich deinem Gott und erneuerst die Abmachung mit Ihm.  Du löst dich für ein paar Augenblicke von deinen weltlichen Beschäftigungen und suchst die Audienz mit Gott.  Dies bringt dir wieder deine wahre Rolle in deinem Leben in den Vordergrund deines Bewusstseins.  Nach dieser Widmung kehrst du zu deiner Tätigkeit zurück und nach ein paar Stunden präsentierst du dich erneut deinem Herrn.  Dies ist wiederum eine Erinnerung für dich und wieder einmal konzentrierst du deine Aufmerksamkeit auf die Bedingungen deines Glaubens.  Wenn die Sonne untergeht und die Dunkelheit der Nacht beginnt, dich einzuhüllen, unterwirfst du dich Gott wieder im Gebet, damit du nicht deine Pflichten und Aufgaben inmitten der nahenden Schatten der Nacht vergisst.  Und dann, wenige Stunden darauf, erscheinst du abermals vor deinem Herrn und dies ist dein letztes Gebet des Tages.  Also bevor du zu Bett gehst, erneuerst du wieder deinen Glauben und wirfst dich vor deinem Herrn nieder.  Und auf diese Weise vervollständigst du deinen Tag.  Die Häufigkeit und die Zeiten der Gebete lassen den Sinn und Zweck des Lebens angesichts der weltlichen Aktivitäten nie aus den Augen geraten. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Es ist ganz einfach zu verstehen, wie die täglichen Gebete die Fundamente deines Glaubens stärken, dich auf die Einhaltung eines Lebens in Rechtschaffenheit und Gehorsamkeit zu Gott vorbereiten und deinen Glauben erfrischen, von dem Mut, Aufrichtigkeit, Entschlossenheit, Reinheit des Herzens, Förderung der Seele und Bereicherung der Sitten entspringen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Jetzt siehst du, wie dies erreicht wird: man macht die rituelle Waschung, wie der Prophet sie uns beschrieben hat.  Man spricht seine Gebete den Anweisungen des Propheten entsprechend.  Warum machen die Muslime das so?  Einfach weil sie an das Prophetentum Muhammads glauben und es für ihre Pflicht und Schuldigkeit halten, ihm bereitwillig zu folgen.  Warum rezitieren sie nicht absichtlich den Qur´an falsch?  Ist es nicht so, dass sie das Buch als das Wort Gottes betrachten und es für eine Sünde halten, auch nur einen einzigen Buchstaben zu ändern?  In den Gebeten rezitieren sie viele Dinge leise und wenn sie diese nicht rezitieren oder sie abändern, gibt es niemanden, der sie überprüft.  Warum?  Weil sie glauben, dass Gott Ewig Wachsam ist und allem zuhört, das du sprichst, und über alle Dinge, seien sie offen oder verborgen, bescheid weiß.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

(teil 2 von 3): Gebet und Fasten<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Was veranlasst einen Muslim, seine Gebete an Orten zu sprechen, wo ihm niemand vorschreibt, zu beten oder wo ihn niemand dabei sieht?  Ist es nicht so, dass Muslime glauben, dass Gott dich immer beobachtet?  Was veranlasst sie, ihre wichtigen Geschäfte und anderen Beschäftigungen zu verlassen und zu den Gebeten zur Moschee zu eilen?  Was veranlasst sie, ihren süßen Schlaf in den frühen Morgenstunden zu unterbrechen, in der Mittagshitze zur Moschee zu gehen und ihre abendlichen Unterhaltungen um des Gebets willen zu unterbrechen?  Ist es irgendetwas anderes als Pflichtbewusstsein – die Realisierung, dass sie ihre Verantwortung ihrem Herrn gegenüber zu erfüllen haben, komme, was da wolle?  Und warum fürchten sie jeglichen Fehler im Gebet?  Weil ihre Herzen mit Gottesfurcht erfüllt sind und weil sie wissen, dass sie am Tag des Gerichts vor Ihm erscheinen müssen und Rechenschaft für ihr gesamtes Leben ablegen müssen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Neuer Ansatz!  Kann es einen besseren  moralischen und geistigen Trainingskurs geben als das Gebet?  Es ist ein Training, das aus einem Menschen einen vollkommenen Muslim macht.  Es erinnert ihn an seine Abmachung mit Gott, erfrischt seinen Glauben an Ihn und erhält den Glauben an den Tag des Gerichts lebendig und immer gegenwärtig vor seinem inneren Auge.  Es lässt ihn dem Propheten folgen und trainiert ihn, seine Pflichten zu erfüllen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dies ist tatsächlich ein strenges Training, das unsere Taten mit unseren Idealen in Einklang bringt.  Wenn das Bewusstsein eines Mannes für seine Verpflichtungen seinem Schöpfer gegenüber so stark ist, dass er dies über alle weltlichen Gewinne setzt und es in seinen Gebeten immer wieder neu auffrischt, dann wird er ganz bestimmt nicht die Unzufriedenheit Gottes auf sich ziehen, nach dem, was er sich zu vermeiden bemüht hat.  Er wird in dem gesamten auf und ab seines Lebens an dem Gesetz Gottes festhalten, auf dieselbe Weise, wie er die fünf täglichen Gebete jeden Tag befolgt.  Auf diesen Menschen kann man sich auch in anderen Tätigkeitsbereichen verlassen, denn wenn die Schatten der Sünde oder des Betrugs sich ihm nähern, wird er aus Furcht vor seinem Herrn, die in seinem Herzen immer gegenwärtig ist, versuchen, sie zu meiden.  Und wenn jemand sich nach einem solchen lebenswichtigen Training in anderen Lebensbereichen schlecht benimmt und dem Gesetz Gottes zuwiderhandelt, so kann es nur aufgrund einiger innerlicher Verdorbenheiten in ihm selbst sein.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ein Muslim sollte seine Gebete und besonders das Freitagsgebet in Gemeinschaft beten.  Dies schafft unter den Muslimen ein Band der Liebe und des gegenseitigen Verständnisses.  Es lässt in ihnen einen Sinn für ihre Einheit entstehen und nährt die Brüderlichkeit unter ihnen.  Jeder von ihnen spricht seine Gebete in der Gemeinschaft, und dies ruft in ihnen ein tiefes Gefühl der Brüderlichkeit hervor.  Gebete sind auch ein Symbol für die Gleichheit, Arme und Reiche, Geringe und Hochgestellte, Herrscher und Beherrschte, Gebildete und Ungebildete, Schwarze und Weiße stehen alle in einer Reihe und werfen sich vor ihrem Herrn nieder.  Gebete prägen in Muslimen einen starken Sinn für Disziplin und Gehorsamkeit gegenüber dem gewählten Führer.  Kurz gesagt, die Gebete trainieren sie in allen Werten, die die Entwicklung eines reichhaltigen individuellen und gemeinsamen Lebens fördern. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dies sind nur wenige der unzählbaren Vorteile, die die Muslime aus ihren täglichen Gebeten ziehen.  Wenn wir ablehnen, sie uns zunutze zu machen, dann sind wir – und nur wir – die Verlierer.  Wenn du manche Muslime siehst, die sich vor den Gebeten drücken, dann kann das nur eines von zwei Dingen bedeuten: Entweder sie erkennen die Gebete nicht als unsere Pflicht an oder sie erkennen sie an.  Im ersten Fall ist ihre Behauptung, zu glauben, eine schamlose Lüge, denn wenn sie es ablehnen, von Gott Befehle anzunehmen, so erkennen sie auch Seine Vollkommene Autorität nicht an.  Im zweiten Fall, wenn sie Allahs Vollkommene Autorität anerkennen und trotzdem Seine Befehle missachten, dann sind sie die unzuverlässigsten Geschöpfe, die je auf der Erde gewandelt sind.  Denn wenn sie so die größte Autorität im Universum behandeln, wer garantiert dann dafür, dass sie im Umgang mit anderen menschlichen Wesen nicht genauso verfahren?  Und wenn eine Gesellschaft von Falschheit übermannt wird, was für eine Hölle der Zwietracht wird sie dann werden! <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Fasten   <\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Wofür die fünf täglichen Gebete dienen, das bezweckt auch das Fasten einmal im Jahr im Monat Ramadhan (dem neunten Monat des Mondjahres).  In dieser Zeit essen Muslime von Sonnenaufgang bis Sonnenuntergang keinen einzigen Bissen und trinken keinen einzigen Tropfen Wasser, egal wie lecker das Essen ist oder wie hungrig oder durstig sie sind.  Was ist es, das sie dazu bringt, sich freiwillig solchen Strapazen zu unterziehen?  Es ist einzig und allein der Glaube an Gott und die Furcht vor Ihm und dem Tag des Gerichts.  Während des Fastens unterdrücken Muslime ihre Leidenschaften und Begierden und indem sie dies tun, verkünden sie den Vorrang des Göttlichen Gesetzes.  Dieses Pflichtbewußtsein und die Geduld, die das ununterbrochene Fasten fördert, hilft den Muslimen, ihren Glauben zu kräftigen.  Die Strenge und Disziplin dieses Monats konfrontieren uns mit den Realitäten des Lebens und helfen ihnen, ihr Leben im verbleibenden Jahr mit wahrer Unterwürfigkeit unter Seinen Willen zu leben.    <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Aus einem anderen Gesichtspunkt gesehen, besitzt das Fasten einen enormen Einfluß auf die Gemeinschaft, denn alle Muslime, ungeachtet ihrer Stellung , müssen das Fasten im selben Monat halten.  Dies betont die wesentliche Gleichheit der Menschen und führt schließlich zu der Entwicklung von Gefühlen der Liebe und Brüderlichkeit.  Im Ramadhan versteckt sich das Böse, während das Gute zum Vorschein kommt, und die ganze Atmosphäre ist von Frömmigkeit und Reinheit erfüllt.  Diese Disziplin, die den Muslimen auferlegt worden ist, dient ihrem eigenen Vorteil.  Jenen, die dies nicht erfüllen, kann in der Erfüllung ihrer Pflichten nicht vertraut werden.  Aber die Schlimmsten sind diejenigen, die in diesem heiligen Monat nicht zögern, in Öffentlichkeit zu essen oder zu trinken.  Sie sind die Menschen, die durch ihr Verhalten zeigen, dass sie nicht im Geringsten die Befehle Gottes achten, von Dem sie glauben, dass Er ihr Schöpfer und Erhalter ist.  Nicht nur dies, sie zeigen auch, dass sie keine loyalen Mitglieder der Gemeinschaft der Muslime sind; vielmehr haben sie mit dieser überhaupt nichts zu tun.  Es ist offensichtlich, dass von solchen Heuchlern, was das Befolgen des Gesetzes und das Vertrauen in sie angeht, nur das Schlimmste zu erwarten ist. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

(teil 3 von 3): Zakah and Ha\u011f\u011f<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Zakah<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Die dritte Pflicht ist Zakah.  <\/em>Jeder Muslim, dessen finanzielle Bedingungen ein bestimmtes Minimum überschreiten, muss jährlich 2,5 Prozent von seinem oder ihrem Vermögen einem bedürftigen Mitmenschen geben.  Dies ist das Minimum.  Je mehr du gibst, deso höher ist die Belohnung, die Gott dir dafür gewährt.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Das Geld, das wir als Zakah<\/em>zahlen, ist nichts, das Gott bräuchte oder bekäme.  Er steht über jeglichen Wünschen oder Bedürfnissen.  In Seiner gutmütigen Barmherzigkeit verspricht Er uns vielfache Belohnung, wenn wir unseren Brüdern helfen.  Aber es gibt eine Grundbedingung dafür, derart belohnt zu werden.  Und das ist folgende: dass wir es im Namen Gottes geben und wir sollten dafür keine weltlichen Gewinne von den Empfängern erwarten oder verlangen oder uns als Wohltäter bezeichnen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Zakah<\/em> ist eine Grundlage im Islam, wie auch andere Formen des Gottesdienstes: Salah<\/em> (Gebete) und Saum<\/em> (Fasten).  Die grundsätzliche Wichtigkeit der Zakah <\/em>liegt in der Tatsache, dass es in uns die Bereitschaft abzugeben fördert und uns von unserer Selbstsüchtigkeit und Geldgier befreit.  Der Islam akzeptiert in seinen Reihen nur diejenigen, die bereit sind, einen Teil von ihrem hart verdienten Wohlstand ohne irgendweche zeitweiligen oder persönlichen Gewinne auf dem Wege Gottes zu spenden.  Er hat mit den Geizigen nichts zu tun.  Ein wahrer Muslim wird, wenn er dazu aufgefordert wird, seinen gesamten Besitz auf dem Wege Gottes spenden, denn Zakah <\/em> hat ihn bereits auf derartige Opfer vorbereitet. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die Einrichtung der Zakah <\/em>birgt einen immense Nutzen für die Gesellschaft.  Es ist eine verbindliche Verpflichtung für jeden offenherzigen Muslim, seinen niedriger gestellten Brüdern zu helfen.  Seinen Reichtum darf man nicht einzig und allein für seinen eigenen Komfort und Luxus ausgeben, denn es gibt auch andere, die einen berechtigten Anspruch darauf haben: da sind die Witwen und die Waisen der Nation; die Armen und die Behinderten; und diejenigen, Fähigkeiten besitzen, aber denen es an Mitteln mangelt, um eine sinnvolle Beschäftigung anzufangen; und diejenigen, die über Fähigkeiten und Klugheit verfügen, aber nicht über das Geld, um sich Wissen aneignen zu können, um so nützliche Mitglieder der Gesellschaft zu werden.  Derjenige, der das Recht solcher Mitglieder seiner eigenen Gemeinschaft auf sein Vermögen nicht anerkennt, ist wirklich grausam.  Denn es kann keine größere Grausamkeit geben, als sein Vermögen zu horten, während Tausende des Hungers sterben oder unter den Qualen der Beschäftigungslosigkeit leiden.  Der Islam ist ein verschworener Feind von solcher Eigennutzigkeit, Gier und Habsucht.  Menschen, in denen diese Sitten nicht verwurzelt sind, die derartige Gefühle der Nächstenliebe nicht kennen, sind nur darauf aus, Reichtum anzuhäufen und zu mehren, imdem sie davon gegen Zinsen verleihen.  Der Islam lehrt uns genau das Gegenteil dieser Machenschaften.  Hier teilt man seinen Reichtum mit anderen und hilft ihnen, damit sie auf ihren eigenen Beinen stehen und produktive Mitglieder der Gesellschaft werden können. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ha\u011f\u011f<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Ha\u011f\u011f oder die Pilgerreise nach Mekka ist die vierte grundlegende gottesdienstliche Handlung.  Sie ist einmal im Leben eine Pflicht, aber nur für diejenigen, die dafür die Mittel haben.  Wenn Muslime die Pilgerreise unternehmen, müssen sie ihre Begierden unterdrücken, dürfen kein Blut vergießen und sollen nur Gutes sprechen und tun.  Gott verspricht uns Belohnungen für unsere Aufrichtigkeit und Unterwürfigkeit. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die Ha\u011f\u011f ist gewissermaßen die größte gottesdienstliche Handlung.  Dies ist so, weil die Menschen keine so lange und anstrengende Reise unternehmen würden, alle ihre Nächsten und Lieben zurücklassen würden, wenn sie nicht Gott so überaus lieben würden.  Es scheint heutzutage leicht zu sein, mit den Möglichkeiten an Flugzeugen und anderen Fahrzeugen; aber stell dir mal vor, was für eine lange, anstrengende Reise, die häufig über ein Jahr dauerte, die Muslime früher unternehmen mussten, sie waren erschöpft, litten Hunger, blickten dem Tod ins Auge – und manche waren über ein Jahr lang unterwegs! <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die Pilgerreise ist nicht wie irgendeine andere Reise.  Hierbei sind die Gedanken der Pilger ganz auf Gott konzentriert, ihr ganzes Wesen erzittert unter dem Geist der intensiven Hingabe.  Wenn sie die Heiligen Stätten erreichen, empfängt sie eine Atmosphäre der Frömmigkeit und Güte; sie besuchen Plätze, die Zeugen der Glanzzeit des Islam waren und dies alles hinterlässt einen unauslöschlichen Eindruck in ihren Köpfen, den sie bis zu ihrem letzten Atemzug behalten werden. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Zusätzlich gibt es beim Ha\u011f\u011f, wie bei den anderen gottesdienstlichen Handlungen auch, viel Nutzen, den der Muslim daraus ziehen kann.  Mekka ist das Zentrum, in dem sich die Muslime einmal jährlich treffen und Themen von allgemeinem Interesse besprechen.  Ha\u011f\u011f erfrischt den Glauben in ihnen, dass alle Muslime gleich sind und Liebe und Zuneigung verdienen, egal welchen geographischen oder kulturellen Ursprung sie haben.  Deshalb vereint Ha\u011f\u011f die Muslime aus der ganzen Welt und macht aus ihnen eine internationale Bruderschaft.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13672,"lft":2164,"rght":2165,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T23:06:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-06T07:11:02.000000Z","language_id":7,"user_id":7,"author_id":912,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":21,"parent_id":1193,"author_name":"\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a","category_name":"Transactions & Worship","category_slug":"Transactions-Worship","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-The Spirit of Worship in Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-The Spirit of Worship in Islam.docx"},{"id":1196,"title":"\u0421\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435","slug":"---hgsb","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-The Spirit of Worship in Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-The Spirit of Worship in Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:---hgsb","hint":"","body":"

\u0421\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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 <\/p>\r\n

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\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u0441 \u043a\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c,  \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0434\u0430<\/em>. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0443\u0445\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 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\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f, \u0432\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0431\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u041d\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0437\u043b\u0430, \u0432  \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043c\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0431\u0430\u0434\u0430,<\/em> <\/em>\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e – \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f  \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438.  \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0442 (\u0420\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430) – \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0446\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0435 (\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d, \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d) \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0440 \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 – \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443. \u041c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c; \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 – \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0432 \u0421\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u044c \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043c\u0443\u044d\u0434\u0437\u0438\u043d \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0443, \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u043e\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0415\u0449\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e \u041d\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c. \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 – \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0439 – \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u044b. \u0418 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443. \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c  \u043e \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438. \u041d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 – \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 – \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0443. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442  \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c – \u043e \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0415\u043c\u0443.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443? \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0435? \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0412\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u043c. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u044b \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0431\u044b \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u043e\u043d \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0412 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430? \u0414\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c – \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0415\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442 (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2 \u0438\u0437 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430? \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c. \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u0443\u0434\u0430. \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u041a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 – \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c. \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443… \u0412 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044f\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u044b. \u0420\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0443, \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435. \u041c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d, \u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u044b, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0436\u044c. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442,  \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0436\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0443, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438? \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0448\u043c\u0430\u0440 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

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\u0417\u0430\u043a\u044f\u0442 \u0438 \u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436 (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 3 \u0438\u0437 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\u0417\u0430\u043a\u044f\u0442<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u044f\u0442. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d, \u0447\u044c\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f, \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c 2,5 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0433 \u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c. \u0427\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0449\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043a\u044f\u0442. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u041f\u043e \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u041e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0417\u0430\u043a\u044f\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442) \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u044f\u0442\u0430 – \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u044d\u0433\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b. \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0436\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u044f\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0423\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0433 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e; \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u043b\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442. \u041d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442! \u0412\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438. \u0410 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044b? \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c – \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f\u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u044f, \u0436\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0432\u0438, \u0443\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b. \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 – \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c\u044e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u041c\u0435\u043a\u043a\u0443) – \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f (\u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0442. \u043f.), \u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436, \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435, – \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438. \u0414\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441, \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 – \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0433\u0438\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443, \u0432\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0415\u043c\u0443. \u0410\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0418 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u041c\u0435\u043a\u043a\u0430 – \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b. \u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d, \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044e. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":12038,"lft":2166,"rght":2167,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T23:06:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-05T22:23:17.000000Z","language_id":5,"user_id":7,"author_id":912,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":21,"parent_id":1193,"author_name":"\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a","category_name":"Transactions & Worship","category_slug":"Transactions-Worship","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-The Spirit of Worship in Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-The Spirit of Worship in Islam.docx"},{"id":1197,"title":"O Esp\u00edrito de Adora\u00e7\u00e3o no Isl\u00e3","slug":"o-esprito-de-adorao-no-isl","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-The Spirit of Worship in Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-The Spirit of Worship in Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:o-esprito-de-adorao-no-isl","hint":"","body":"

O Espírito de Adoração no Islã<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (parte 1 de 3): Adoração e Oração<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Ibadah<\/em> (adoração) é uma palavra árabe derivada de abd (um servo) e significa submissão.  Significa que Deus é Seu Mestre e você Seu servo, e o que quer que um servo faça em obediência e satisfação de seu Mestre é Ibadah<\/em>.  O conceito islâmico deIbadah<\/em> é muito amplo.  Se você livrar sua fala de sujeira, falsidade, malícia e abuso, falando a verdade e coisas boas somente porque Deus determinou constitui-se Ibadah, por mais que possam parecer atos seculares.  Se obedecer a lei de Deus na letra e espírito em seus assuntos comerciais e econômicos e aceitá-los no lidar com seus pais, parentes, amigos e todos aqueles que entrarem em contato com você, todas essas atividades suas são Ibadah<\/em>.  Se ajudar os pobres e destituídos, der comida aos famintos, servir às pessoas doentes e aflitas, fazendo tudo isso não por qualquer ganho pessoal, mas somente buscando agradar a Deus, tudo é Ibadah<\/em>.  Mesmo suas atividades econômicas, as atividades que empreende para ganhar seu sustento e alimentar seus dependentes, são Ibadah<\/em> se permanecer honesto e confiável e observar a lei de Deus.  Em resumo, todas as suas atividades e sua vida inteira são Ibadah<\/em> se estiverem de acordo com a lei de Deus, seu coração estiver cheio de Sua reverência e seu objetivo supremo em empreender todas essas atividades for buscar a satisfação de Deus.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Sendo assim, toda vez que fizer o bem ou evitar o mal por temor a Deus, em qualquer esfera da vida e campo de atividade, você está desempenhando suas obrigações islâmicas.  Esse é o verdadeiro significado de Ibadah, nominalmente a submissão total à satisfação de Allah; moldando a sua vida inteira de acordo com os padrões do Islã, não deixando de fora nem a parte mais insignificante.  Para ajudar a alcançar esse objetivo, um conjunto formal de ibadat (atos de adoração) foi constituído, que serve como um curso de treinamento.  Esses ibadat são os pilares nos quais o edifício do Islã se apóia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Salah<\/em> <\/em>(Oração) é a mais básica e importante dessas obrigações.  E o que ésalah<\/em>?  São as orações diárias prescritas que consistem em repetir e renovar, cinco vezes ao dia, a crença no qual sua fé se apóia.   Você levanta cedo de manhã, se limpa e apresenta diante de seu Senhor para orar.  As várias posições que você assume durante suas orações são a personificação do espírito de submissão; as várias recitações lembram você de seus compromissos com seu Deus.  Você busca Sua orientação e pede a Ele de novo e de novo que lhe permita evitar Sua ira e seguir o caminho que Ele escolheu.  Lê do Livro do Senhor e testemunha a verdade do Profeta, que a misericórdia e bênçãos de Deus estejam sobre ele, e também renova sua crença no Dia do Juízo e aviva em sua memória o fato de que comparecerá perante seu Senhor e prestará contas de sua vida inteira.  É assim que seu dia começa.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Então, após umas poucas horas o muezzin<\/em> (chamador para oração) o chama para orar e, de novo, você se submete ao seu Senhor e renova sua aliança com Ele.  Você se desassocia de seus envolvimentos mundanos por alguns momentos e busca audiência com Deus.  Mais uma vez vem à sua mente seu papel verdadeiro na vida.  Depois dessa rededicação você se volta para suas ocupações e de novo se apresenta ao Senhor após umas poucas horas.  Isso novamente age como um lembrete para você e mais uma vez sua atenção é focada nas estipulações de sua fé.  Quando o sol se põe e a escuridão da noite começa a envolvê-lo, mais uma vez você se submete a Deus em oração para que não esqueça seus deveres e obrigações no meio das sombras da noite que se aproxima.  E então, após umas poucas horas, mais uma vez você se apresenta perante seu Senhor, e essa é sua última oração do dia.  Assim, antes de ir para cama mais uma vez você renova sua fé e se prostra perante seu Deus.  É assim que você completa seu dia.  A frequência e horários das orações não permitem que o objeto e missão de vida sejam perdidos de vista na confusão das atividades mundanas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

É fácil compreender como as orações diárias fortalecem as bases de sua fé, preparam para a observância de uma vida de virtude e obediência a Deus, e renovam aquela crença de onde jorram coragem, sinceridade, determinação, pureza de coração, progresso da alma e enriquecimento da moral.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Veja agora como isso é alcançado: realiza-se a ablução na forma prescrita pelo Profeta.  Pode-se também dizer as orações de acordo com as instruções do Profeta.  Por quê?  Simplesmente porque os muçulmanos acreditam na missão profética de Muhammad e consideram seu dever segui-lo de bom grado.  Por que não recitam o Alcorão errado de forma intencional?  Não é porque consideram o Livro como a Palavra de Deus e julgam um pecado se desviar de sua letra?  Nas orações recitam muitas coisas em silêncio e se não as recitam ou fazem quaisquer desvios, não existe ninguém para checá-los.  Mas nunca o fazem intencionalmente.  Por quê?  Porque acreditam que Deus é Onisciente e ouve tudo que recitam, e está ciente das coisas feitas abertamente e daquelas que estão ocultas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(parte 2 de 3): Oração e Jejum<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

O que faz um muçulmano orar em lugares nos quais não existe ninguém para questioná-lo ou nem mesmo vê-lo fazendo as orações?  Não é porque sua crença em Deus é de que Ele está sempre o observando?  O que os faz deixar seus negócios importantes e outras ocupações e correrem para a mesquita para fazer as orações?  O que faz com que terminem seu sono tranquilo nas primeiras horas da manhã, se dirijam à mesquita no calor do meio-dia, e deixem suas distrações noturnas por causa das orações?  Nada além de senso de dever – a percepção de que devem cumprir sua responsabilidade com Deus.   E por que temem algum erro na oração?  Porque seus corações estão cheios de temor a Deus e sabem que terão que comparecer perante Ele no Dia do Juízo para prestar contas de sua vida inteira.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Pode haver um curso melhor de treinamento moral e espiritual do que a oração?  É esse treinamento que faz de um homem um muçulmano perfeito.  É relembrado de sua aliança com Deus, renova sua fé Nele e mantém viva e sempre presente a crença no Dia do Juízo.  Faz com que siga o Profeta, que a misericórdia e bênçãos de Deus estejam sobre ele, e o treina na observância de seus deveres.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

É de fato um treinamento estrito para adequar a prática aos ideais.  Obviamente se a consciência de um homem sobre seus deveres em relação ao Criador é tão aguçada que ele a coloca acima de todos os ganhos terrenos e continua a renová-la através de orações, certamente ele não atrairá a insatisfação de Deus que tanto se empenha em evitar.  Obedecerá a lei de Deus em todas as esferas da vida da mesma forma que segue as cinco orações todos os dias.   Esse homem é confiável em outros campos de atividade, porque se as sombras do pecado ou engodo se aproximarem dele, ele tentará evitá-las pelo temor a Deus que está sempre presente em seu coração.  E se mesmo depois desse treinamento vital um homem se comporta mal em outros campos da vida e desobedece à lei de Deus, só pode ser por causa de alguma corrupção intrínseca de seu eu.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Um muçulmano deve fazer suas orações em congregação, especialmente a oração de sexta-feira.  Isso cria entre os muçulmanos um laço de amor e entendimento mútuo.  Desperta neles o senso de sua unidade coletiva e nutre a fraternidade nacional.  Todos fazem suas orações em uma congregação, o que lhes inculca um profundo senso de irmandade.  As orações também são um símbolo de igualdade, para o pobre e o rico, o baixo e o alto, governantes e governados, instruídos e iletrados, brancos e negros, todos se alinham e prostram perante seu Senhor.  As orações também inculcam nos muçulmanos um forte senso de disciplina e obediência em relação ao líder eleito.  Em resumo, as orações os treinam em todas aquelas virtudes que tornam possível o desenvolvimento de uma vida rica, individual e coletivamente.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Esses são uns poucos dos incontáveis benefícios que os muçulmanos obtêm das orações diárias.  Se nos recusarmos a usufruir deles nós, e somente nós, sairemos perdendo.  Se você vir que alguns muçulmanos se esquivam das orações, isso só pode significar uma das duas coisas: não reconhecem as orações como nosso dever ou as reconhecem.  No primeiro caso, sua reivindicação à fé é uma mentira desavergonhada, porque se recusam receber ordens de Allah, não reconhecem mais Sua autoridade.  No segundo caso, se reconhecem a autoridade de Allah e continuam a desconsiderar Seus mandamentos, são as criaturas mais irresponsáveis que andaram na terra.  Porque se fazem isso com a maior autoridade no universo, o que garante que não farão o mesmo ao lidar com outros seres humanos?  E se a sociedade é dominada pelo fingimento, em que inferno e discórdia se transformará!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Jejum<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

O que as orações buscam fazer cinco vezes ao dia, o jejum no mês de Ramadã (nono mês do calendário lunar) faz uma vez por ano.  Durante esse período da alvorada ao pôr do sol, os muçulmanos não comem um grão de comida nem bebem uma gota de água, não importando o quão delicioso seja o prato ou o quão famintos ou sedentos estejam.  O que os faz passarem voluntariamente por esses rigores?  Nada além da fé em Deus e o temor a Ele e ao Dia do Juízo.   Em cada momento durante o jejum os muçulmanos suprimem suas paixões e desejos, e proclamam ao fazê-lo a supremacia da Lei de Deus.  Essa consciência de dever e o espírito de paciência que o jejum incessante por um mês inteiro inculca nos muçulmanos os ajuda a fortalecer sua fé.  O rigor e disciplina durante esse mês nos coloca frente a frente com as realidades da vida, e ajuda a fazer da vida durante o resto do ano uma vida de verdadeira subserviência à Sua vontade.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

De outro ponto de vista, o jejum tem um impacto imenso na sociedade, porque todos os muçulmanos, independentemente de seu status, devem observar o jejum durante o mesmo mês.  Coloca em destaque a igualdade essencial dos homens e dá uma grande contribuição para criar nos muçulmanos os sentimentos de amor e irmandade.  Durante o Ramadã o mal se oculta enquanto que o bem toma a dianteira, e toda a atmosfera é preenchida com piedade e pureza.  Essa disciplina foi imposta aos muçulmanos para sua própria vantagem.  Aqueles que não a cumprem não são confiáveis no desempenho de seus deveres.  Mas os piores são aqueles que, durante esse mês sagrado, não hesitam em comer ou beber em público.  São as pessoas que pela sua conduta mostram que não se importam com os comandos de Allah, em Quem professam sua crença como seu Criador e Sustentador.  Além disso, também mostram que não são membros leais da comunidade muçulmana; ao contrário, não têm nada a ver com ela.   É evidente que, no que se refere à obediência à lei e consideração por uma confiança que lhes foi depositada, somente o pior pode ser esperado desses hipócritas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(parte 3 de 3): Zakat e Hajj<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Zakat<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\r\n

A terceira obrigação é o zakat<\/em>.  Todo muçulmano cuja condição financeira esteja acima de um mínimo especificado deve pagar anualmente 2,5% de seu saldo de caixa para alguém que mereça.  É o mínimo.  Quanto mais se paga, maior a recompensa que Deus concederá.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O dinheiro que pagamos como zakat<\/em> não é algo que Deus precise ou receba.  Ele está acima de qualquer desejo e necessidade.  Ele, em Sua misericórdia, nos promete recompensas multiplicadas se ajudarmos nossos irmãos.  Mas existe uma condição básica para ser recompensado.  E é: que quando pagamos em nome de Deus não esperemos nem exijamos ganhos mundanos dos beneficiários, nem tenhamos como objetivo fazer nossos nomes como filantropos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O <\/em>Zakat <\/em>é tão básico para o Islã quanto outras formas de adoração: salah<\/em>(orações) e sawm<\/em> (jejum).  A importância do zakat reside no fato de que cultiva em nós as qualidades de sacrifício e nos livra do egoísmo e da plutolatria.  O Islã aceita somente aqueles que estão prontos para doar no caminho de Deus, espontaneamente e sem qualquer ganho temporal ou pessoal, o que ganharam com sacrifício.  Não tem nada a ver com mesquinhos.  Um verdadeiro muçulmano, quando o chamado vier, sacrificará todos os seus pertences no caminho de Deus, porque o zakat<\/em> já o treinou para esse sacrifício.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Existem ganhos imensos para a sociedade na instituição do zakat<\/em>.  É um dever de todo muçulmano abastado ajudar seu irmão pobre.  Sua fortuna não é para ser gasta somente em seu próprio conforto e luxo, uma vez que existem reivindicadores legítimos sobre sua riqueza, e eles são as viúvas e órfãos da nação; os pobres e os inválidos; e aqueles que têm habilidade, mas carecem dos meios para buscarem emprego; aqueles que têm as faculdades e brilhantismo, mas não o dinheiro com o qual poderiam adquirir conhecimento e se tornarem membros úteis da comunidade.  Aquele que não reconhece o direito desses membros de sua própria comunidade sobre sua riqueza é, de fato, cruel.  Porque não pode haver crueldade maior do que encher seus próprios cofres enquanto milhares morrem de fome ou sofrem as agonias do desemprego.  O Islã é um inimigo declarado desse egoísmo, ganância e cobiça.  Pessoas que não têm essas morais enraizadas, destituídas de sentimentos de amor universal, só sabem preservar riqueza e aumentá-la emprestando a juros.  Os ensinamentos do Islã são a antítese dessa atitude.  Aqui se compartilha da riqueza com outros, ajudando-os a andarem com suas próprias pernas e a se tornarem membros produtivos da sociedade.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Hajj<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

O Hajj, ou a peregrinação à Meca, é o quarto ato básico de adoração.  É obrigatório uma vez na vida somente para aqueles que dispõem de recursos.  Quando os muçulmanos empreendem a peregrinação, é exigido que suprimam suas paixões, se refreiem de derramamento de sangue e estejam puros em palavras e atos.  Deus promete recompensas pela sinceridade e submissão.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Hajj é, de certa forma, o maior de todos os atos de adoração.  Porque a menos que a pessoa realmente ame Deus, jamais empreenderia essa longa viagem, deixando pessoas próximas e queridas para trás.  Parece fácil agora com o surgimento de aviões e veículos, mas imagine no passado, quando os muçulmanos tinham que fazer uma jornada longa e árdua, enfrentando fadiga, fome e morte, muitas vezes levando mais de um ano!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Essa peregrinação não é como qualquer outra jornada.  Aqui os pensamentos dos peregrinos estão concentrados em Deus, seus seres vibram com o espírito de intensa devoção.  Quando chegam aos lugares sagrados, encontram a atmosfera carregada de piedade e religiosidade; visitam lugares que testemunham a glória do Islã e tudo isso deixa uma impressão indelével em suas mentes, que carregam até seu último suspiro.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Além disso, existem no Hajj, como em qualquer outro ato de adoração, muitos benefícios obtidos pelos muçulmanos.  Meca é o centro para o qual os muçulmanos devem convergir uma vez por ano e discutir tópicos de interesse comum.  O Hajj revigora a fé de que todos os muçulmanos são iguais e merecem o amor e simpatia independentemente de sua origem geográfica ou cultural.  Sendo assim, o Hajj une os muçulmanos do mundo todo em uma irmandade internacional.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\uff082\/3\uff09\uff1a\u793c\u62dc\u4e0e\u658b\u6212<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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\u658b \u6212<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

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 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":14268,"lft":2170,"rght":2171,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T23:06:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-06T04:32:31.000000Z","language_id":18,"user_id":7,"author_id":912,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":21,"parent_id":1193,"author_name":"\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a","category_name":"Transactions & Worship","category_slug":"Transactions-Worship","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-The Spirit of Worship in Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-The Spirit of Worship in Islam.docx"},{"id":1199,"title":"\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5d07\u62dd\u306e\u7cbe\u795e","slug":"sfhf","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-The Spirit of Worship in Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-The Spirit of Worship in Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:sfhf","hint":"","body":"

\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5d07\u62dd\u306e\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\uff08\u305d\u306e1\uff09\uff1a\u5d07\u62dd\u3068\u793c\u62dd<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\uff08\u305d\u306e2\uff09\uff1a\u793c\u62dd\u3068\u65ad\u98df<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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\u65ad\u98df<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

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\uff08\u305d\u306e3\uff09\uff1a\u30b6\u30ab\u30fc\u3068\u30cf\u30c3\u30b8<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\u30b6\u30ab\u30fc<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

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\u30cf\u30c3\u30b8<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

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\u3053\u306e\u5de1\u793c\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u65c5\u3068\u3082\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u5de1\u793c\u8005\u306e\u8003\u3048\u306f\u795e\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u591a\u5927\u306a\u308b\u732e\u8eab\u304c\u539f\u52d5\u529b\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3053\u306e\u795e\u8056\u306a\u5834\u6240\u306b\u8fbf\u308a\u7740\u3044\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5fc3\u3068\u795e\u3005\u3057\u3055\u306b\u6e80\u3061\u305f\u7a7a\u6c17\u3092\u611f\u3058\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u7d20\u6674\u3089\u3057\u3055\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5404\u6240\u306b\u304a\u3082\u3080\u304d\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5834\u6240\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u5fc3\u306b\u5fd8\u308c\u304c\u305f\u3044\u5370\u8c61\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u6700\u671f\u306e\u3068\u304d\u307e\u3067\u899a\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":15682,"lft":2172,"rght":2173,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T23:06:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-06T07:04:59.000000Z","language_id":16,"user_id":7,"author_id":912,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":21,"parent_id":1193,"author_name":"\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a","category_name":"Transactions & Worship","category_slug":"Transactions-Worship","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ja-The Spirit of Worship in Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ja-The Spirit of Worship in Islam.docx"}],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/ing\/api\/authors\/912?articles_page=1","from":1,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/ing\/api\/authors\/912?articles_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/ing\/api\/authors\/912?articles_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/ing\/api\/authors\/912","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":11,"total":11},"fatawas":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/ing\/api\/authors\/912?fatawas_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/ing\/api\/authors\/912?fatawas_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/ing\/api\/authors\/912?fatawas_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/ing\/api\/authors\/912","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"books_total":20,"videos_total":0,"audios_total":0,"fatawas_total":0,"articles_total":11,"q":"","count":31}