{"title":"Radko","author":{"id":2202,"name":"Radko","slug":"radko","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":"","promote":0,"status":1,"created_at":"2014-08-20T08:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2014-08-20T08:00:00.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"Radko"},"books":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/kaz\/api\/authors\/2202?books_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/kaz\/api\/authors\/2202?books_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/kaz\/api\/authors\/2202?books_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/kaz\/api\/authors\/2202","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"videos":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/kaz\/api\/authors\/2202?videos_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/kaz\/api\/authors\/2202?videos_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/kaz\/api\/authors\/2202?videos_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/kaz\/api\/authors\/2202","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"audios":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/kaz\/api\/authors\/2202?audios_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/kaz\/api\/authors\/2202?audios_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/kaz\/api\/authors\/2202?audios_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/kaz\/api\/authors\/2202","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"articles":{"current_page":1,"data":[{"id":1355,"title":"Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech","slug":"radko-ex-atheist-czech","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:radko-ex-atheist-czech","hint":"","body":"

Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"
<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

(part 1 of 2): Atheism to Christianity<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

I once knew an atheist who claimed he’d never believed in God’s existence.  In his view, believers were supposed to be people of weak character who felt the necessity to find a crutch for their inability and laziness, so they attended church.  He felt agitated if, when the debating religion, he could not persuade the opponent with his arguments.  He despised believers in an almost hysterical way.  He had, however, a very good friend who believed in God.  They agreed to refrain from discussing religion whenever together.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

One day this man, probably in a rare moment of weakness, accepted the invitation of his friend to visit his church.  To himself, he laughed at the thought of speaking out in the middle of mass and laughing and pointing his finger at the believers from the pulpit.  However, as we know, God works in mysterious ways.  He went to church, stood in the back benches, and stared at the people praying.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The mass service started and he gave all of them a sarcastic glance.  Then the sermon began, lasting about 15 minutes.  Suddenly, in the middle of the sermon, tears welled in his eyes.  A strange feeling of joy and happiness washed away his animosity, a feeling that engulfed his entire body.  After mass, the two friends left together.  They were silent until the moment they were to part ways, when he asked his friend whether they could go to church together again.  They agreed to go again the next day.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

It’s possible some of you might have guessed that I was that stubborn atheist.  I had felt nothing but contempt and hatred towards people of faith.  But after that sermon in 1989, when the priest discussed how we should not judge others if we don’t want to be judged, my life suddenly took a dramatic turn.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I started attending church services regularly and was thirsty for any information on God and Jesus Christ.  I took part in meetings with Christian youngsters where we exchanged our spiritual experiences.  I felt resurrected.  Suddenly I felt the need to be in the company of believers.  I needed to make up for the past 18 years.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I was brought up in an atheist family, who except for having me baptized, did not exercise any attempt to guide my spiritual development.  I remember being in sixth grade when a comrade was sent by the Communist Party to explain to us why God does not exist.  I remember myself absorbing his every word.  In my case, I needed no convincing.  I believed everything he said.  His arrogance, contempt, and hatred towards believers became mine.  But now I had to make up for all those years.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I met with a priest and others who guided me in this new direction.  I was full of so many questions, to which they responded.  Later I was to realize a big mistake: I accepted everything without contemplation or reflection.  I could say that they explained things to me in a ‘take-it-as-is’ manner, but that would not be fair to them.  It was, in fact, my mistake.  I didn’t reflect upon their words, nor did I think critically.  This would cause me a lot of complications later.  In retrospect, I believe an important factor that influenced my behavior was age.  I was too young to properly comprehend matters so serious and complicated as faith.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I wished to become a good Christian, and God knows I tried very hard.  Yet over time, I could not reconcile the contradictions found in the Bible, such as the divine nature of Prophet Jesus and the concept of inherited sin.  Priests tried to respond to my questions, but eventually, their patience began to run thin.  I was told that such matters should be accepted on faith, and that these questions were a waste of time and would only serve to distance me from God.  Till this day, I recall myself quarreling with a spiritual leader, an event that restarted my self-destructive tendencies.  Maybe I wasn’t right after all.  I was young.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

How I Became Muslim<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

My path toward Islam wasn’t easy at all.  You may think that since I was disappointed with Christianity, I would have immediately accepted Islam as my faith.  This could have been very simple, but all I knew about Islam at the time were things like Muslims refer to God as Allah, they read the Quran instead of the Bible, and they worship somebody called Muhammad.  Also, I think I was not yet ready to accept Islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

So I withdrew from the church community and claimed to be a soloist Christian.  I found out, however, that even though I didn’t miss the community of believers or church, God was ‘settled’ so deep in my heart that I couldn’t let Him go.  I didn’t even try.  Quite the opposite.  I felt happy to have God around and hoped He was on my side.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Later I began to engage in one stupidity after another, living a life of luxury and lust.  I did not realize that such a road would lead me away from God and towards hell.  A friend of mine says that you need to hit rock bottom in order to feel the ground beneath your feet.  This is exactly what happened to me.  I fell really deep.  I can just imagine how Satan must have been waiting for me with open arms, but God did not give up on me and gave me another chance.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(part 2 of 2): A Sewn Seed Grows Tall and Strong<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

In July 2001, I met a young man from Iraq.  His name was Ibrahim.  We very quickly struck up a conversation.  He told me that he was Muslim, and I responded that I was Christian.  I was worried that my being Christian would be a problem, but I was wrong.  I was glad to be wrong.  It was interesting that I did not want to become Muslim and he did not try to convert me.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Although I considered Muslims an exotic group, I had been interested to learn more about Islam.  It was a good opportunity to learn more.  I realized that I had in front of me a man who could teach me a lot about Islam, so I mustered the courage to ask him to do just that.  That was my first meeting with Islam, indeed my first step.  After some time we parted ways, and I did not see him again, but the seed had been sown.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I remember once reading an interview with Mohammad Ali Silhavy (an old Czech Muslim) and being eager to find his address and write him a letter.  Then came September 11.  Because of  the political climate, I thought it might not be an appropriate time to contact Mr. Silhavy.  So I found myself at a dead end.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

About two months later I found the courage to write a long letter to Mr. Silhavy.  After a while he replied and sent a package including Islamic literature and leaflets.  He told me that he had informed the Islamic Foundation in Prague about me and asked them to send me the translation of the Qur’an.  So this was my beginning.  Step by step, I learned that not only is Islam not a militant religion, but to the contrary, it is a religion of peace.  My questions were answered.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Because of certain circumstances, it wasn’t until three years later that I decided to visit Mr. Silhavy.  He showed a lot of patience while explaining to me different issues, and suggested that I visit the mosque of Brno (Czech Republic).  When I went to the mosque of Brno, I was afraid that I would be seen as a stranger, an outsider.  How surprised I was to find quite the opposite.  I met K. and L., who were the first persons to help me.  Of course, I met other brothers who welcomed me in the warmest way possible way.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I began to delve into all aspects of Islam, and found how understandable and logical Islam is.  I gradually started to learn how to pray, and today I master prayer with no problem, even in Arabic.  I gave up a bad habit of mine that was not compatible with Islam.  I was a gambler and a very good one indeed.  It was a difficult struggle with myself, but with God’s help I won that battle.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

If I ever doubted my interest in Islam or whether I could live as a Muslim, I know now that my interest is permanent and I consider myself one of them.  Maybe it looks very simple, but again with God’s help I won this internal struggle.  I thought carefully before I definitively decided to embrace Islam.  To be honest, throughout 2003 and the beginning of 2004, I was not completely sure if I could manage this.  Finally I decided definitively.  I am not that young man from the early ‘90s anymore.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

That’s why today I feel very happy that I am Muslim.  I finally feel free.  I still have my imperfections but I am trying to improve upon them.  I believe that God will help me.  Now, listen to what I want to tell you and consider this my obligation: I believe in my heart and declare by word that there is no other god but God and Muhammad is God’s Messenger.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13707,"lft":2489,"rght":2502,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-20T23:49:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-03T13:17:29.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":2202,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"Radko","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-08-20","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.docx"},{"id":1356,"title":"Radko, exateo, Rep\u00fablica Checa","slug":"radko-exateo-repblica-checa","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:radko-exateo-repblica-checa","hint":"","body":"

Radko, exateo, República Checa<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

<\/h1>\r\n

 (parte 1 de 2): Del ateísmo al cristianismo<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Una vez conocí a un ateo que afirmaba no haber creído jamás en la existencia de Dios. Según su opinión, los creyentes debían ser personas de carácter débil que sentían la necesidad de encontrar una muleta para su incapacidad y su pereza, así que asistían a la iglesia. Se exasperaba si, al debatir sobre religión, no lograba convencer al oponente con sus argumentos. Despreciaba a los creyentes de una forma casi histérica. Sin embargo, tenía un amigo cercano que creía en Dios. Ellos habían acordado abstenerse de discutir sobre religión cuando estuvieran juntos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Un día, este hombre, probablemente en un extraño momento de debilidad, aceptó la invitación de su amigo a visitar su iglesia. En su imaginación, disfrutaba la idea de hablar en medio de la misa y reírse señalando a los creyentes con su dedo desde el púlpito. Sin embargo, como sabemos, Dios trabaja de maneras misteriosas. Fue a la iglesia, se sentó en las bancas de atrás, y miró fijamente a la gente rezando.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

El servicio religioso comenzó y él observó a la gente con sarcasmo. Entonces comenzó el sermón, que duró aproximadamente 15 minutos. De repente, en medio del sermón, sus ojos se llenaron de lágrimas. Un extraño sentimiento de tranquilidad y alegría transformó su hostilidad, un sentimiento que envolvió todo su cuerpo. Después de la misa. Los dos amigos partieron juntos. Se mantuvieron en silencio hasta el momento en que se separaban sus caminos, cuando le preguntó a su amigo si podían volver a la iglesia juntos en otra ocasión. Acordaron ir de nuevo al día siguiente.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Es posible que ya hayas adivinado que yo era ese ateo terco. No había sentido nada más que desprecio y odio hacia las personas de fe. Pero después de ese sermón en 1989, cuando el sacerdote dijo que no debemos juzgar a los demás si no queremos ser juzgados, mi vida dio un giro repentino y dramático.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Comencé a asistir a los servicios de la iglesia con regularidad y estaba sediento de cualquier información respecto a Dios y Jesucristo. Tomé parte en reuniones con jóvenes cristianos donde intercambiaban sus experiencias espirituales. Me sentí renacido. Repentinamente, sentí la necesidad de estar en compañía de los creyentes. Necesitaba recuperar los 18 años anteriores.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Fui criado en una familia atea, que aparte de haberme bautizado, no hizo el más mínimo intento por guiarme en mi desarrollo espiritual. Recuerdo estar en sexto grado cuando un camarada fue enviado por el Partido Comunista para explicarnos por qué Dios no existía. Me recuerdo absorbiendo cada una de sus palabras. En mi caso, no tenía que convencerme. Creía todo lo que decía. Su arrogancia, desprecio y odio hacia los creyentes, se hicieron míos. Pero ahora tenía que recuperar todos esos años.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Me reuní con un sacerdote y con otros que me guiaron en esta nueva dirección. Tenía muchas preguntas que ellos respondieron. Más adelante me di cuenta que había cometido un gran error: Había aceptado todo sin meditarlo ni reflexionar. Podría decir que ellos me explicaron las cosas de manera “tómalo tal como te lo damos”, pero eso no sería justo con ellos. En realidad, fue mi error. No reflexioné sobre sus palabras ni pensé de forma crítica. Esto me causaría muchas complicaciones después. En retrospectiva, creo que un factor importante que influenció mi comportamiento fue mi edad. Era demasiado joven para comprender apropiadamente asuntos tan serios y complicados como la fe.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Deseaba convertirme en un buen cristiano, y Dios sabe que lo intenté muy duro. Sin embargo, con el tiempo, no podía reconciliar las contradicciones encontradas en la Biblia, como la naturaleza divina del Profeta Jesús y el concepto del pecado original. Los sacerdotes trataban de responder mis preguntas, pero eventualmente su paciencia comenzó a acabarse. Se me dijo que tales asuntos debían ser aceptados simplemente por fe, y que esas preguntas eran una pérdida de tiempo, que sólo servirían para distanciarme de Dios. Hasta el día de hoy, recuerdo discrepar con un líder espiritual, un evento que despertó nuevamente mis tendencias autodestructivas. Quizás, después de todo yo no estaba en lo correcto. Era demasiado joven.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Cómo me hice musulmán<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Mi camino hacia el Islam no fue fácil en lo absoluto. Quizás pienses que una vez me desilusioné del cristianismo, habría aceptado de inmediato el Islam como mi fe. Esto podría haber sido muy simple, pero todo lo que sabía del Islam en esa época eran cosas como que los musulmanes se refieren a Dios como Allah, que leen el Corán en lugar de la Biblia, y que adoran a alguien llamado Muhammad. Además, pensaba que no estaba listo para aceptar el Islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Así que abandoné la comunidad de la iglesia y me declaré un cristiano solitario. Descubrí, sin embargo, que aunque no extrañaba la comunidad de creyentes o la iglesia, Dios se había “asentado” tan profundamente en mi corazón que no podía dejarlo ir. Ni siquiera lo intenté. Todo lo contrario. Me sentía feliz de tener a Dios cerca y esperaba que Él estuviera de mi lado.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Después comencé a participar en una estupidez tras otra, viviendo una vida de lujo y lujuria. No me di cuenta que ese camino me alejaría de Dios y me llevaría hacia el Infierno. Un amigo mío dice que uno necesita tocar fondo para sentir el suelo bajo sus pies. Eso fue exactamente lo que me pasó. Llegué muy bajo. Apenas puedo imaginarme cuánto había esperado Satanás por mí con los brazos abiertos, pero Dios no me abandonó y me dio otra oportunidad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(parte 2 de 2): Una semilla sembrada crece alta y fuerte<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

En julio de 2001, conocí a un joven de Irak. Su nombre era Ibrahim. Entramos rápidamente en conversación. Me dijo que era musulmán y le respondí que yo era cristiano. Yo estaba preocupado de que mi religión pudiera ser un problema, pero me equivocaba. Me alegré de estar equivocado. Era interesante ver que él no quería convertirme en musulmán y no intentó hacerme entrar en su religión.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Aunque consideraba a los musulmanes como un grupo exótico, me interesaba aprender más sobre el Islam. Era una buena oportunidad para aprender más. Me di cuenta que tenía frente a mí a un hombre que podía enseñarme mucho sobre el Islam, de modo que saqué el valor para pedirle que lo hiciera. Ese fue mi primer encuentro con el Islam, de hecho, fue mi primer paso. Después de un tiempo nos separamos y nunca lo volví a ver, pero la semilla había sido sembrada.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Recuerdo que una vez leí una entrevista con Mohammad Ali Silhavy (un antiguo musulmán checo) y busqué su dirección para escribirle una carta. Luego vino el 11 de septiembre. Debido al clima político, pensé que no era un momento apropiado para contactar al señor Silhavy. De modo que me encontré en un callejón sin salida.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Alrededor de dos meses después encontré el valor de escribirle una larga carta al señor Silhavy. Después de un tiempo, él me contestó y me envió un paquete incluyendo literatura islámica y algunos folletos. Me dijo que le había informado a la Fundación Islámica en Praga sobre mí y les había pedido que me enviaran una traducción del Corán. Ese fue mi comienzo. Paso a paso, aprendí que el Islam no es una religión belicosa, sino que, por el contrario, es una religión de paz. Mis preguntas fueron respondidas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Debido a ciertas circunstancias, no fue hasta tres años después que decidí visitar al señor Silhavy. Él tuvo mucha paciencia para explicarme diferentes temas, y me sugirió que visitara la mezquita de Brno (República Checa). Cuando fui a la mezquita de Brno, temí que me vieran como un extraño, un intruso. Me sorprendió hallar todo lo contrario. Conocí a K. y a L., que fueron las primeras personas que me ayudaron. Por supuesto, conocí a otros hermanos que me dieron la bienvenida en la forma más cálida posible.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Comencé a profundizar en todos los aspectos del Islam, y encontré que el Islam es muy comprensible y lógico. Gradualmente comencé a aprender cómo rezar, y hoy día realizo la oración sin problema, incluso en árabe. Dejé un mal hábito mío que no era compatible con el Islam: yo era un jugador, y uno muy bueno en realidad. Fue una dura lucha conmigo mismo, pero con la ayuda de Dios gané la batalla.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Si alguna vez dudé de mi interés en el Islam o de que pudiera llegar a vivir como un musulmán, hoy sé que mi interés es permanente y me considero uno de ellos. Tal vez parezca muy simple, pero de nuevo, con la ayuda de Dios gané esta lucha interna. Lo pensé cuidadosamente antes de decidirme a abrazar el Islam. Para ser honesto, durante 2003 y comienzos de 2004, no estuve completamente seguro si podría manejar esto. Finalmente, me decidí. Ya no soy ese joven de comienzos de la década de 1990.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Es por esto que hoy me siento muy feliz de ser musulmán. Soy libre por fin. Aún tengo imperfecciones, pero estoy tratando de superarlas. Creo que Dios me ayudará. Ahora, escucha lo que quiero decirte y considero esta mi obligación: creo en mi corazón y declaro de palabra que no hay más divinidad que Dios y que Muhammad es el Mensajero de Dios.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":16806,"lft":2490,"rght":2491,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-20T23:49:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-03T13:46:49.000000Z","language_id":12,"user_id":7,"author_id":2202,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":1355,"author_name":"Radko","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-08-20","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.docx"},{"id":1357,"title":"Radko, ex-ath\u00e9e, tch\u00e8que","slug":"radko-ex-athe-tchque","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:radko-ex-athe-tchque","hint":"","body":"

Radko, ex-athée, tchèque<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

<\/h1>\r\n

 (partie 1 de 2) : De l’athéisme au christianisme<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

J’ai connu un athée qui affirmait que jamais il ne croirait en l’existence de Dieu.  Selon lui, les croyants étaient des gens de faible caractère qui avaient besoin d’une béquille pour pallier à leur paresse et à leurs incapacités, et c’est pourquoi ils fréquentaient l’église.  Si, au cours d’un débat portant sur la religion, il n’arrivait pas à convaincre son interlocuteur, il devenait extrêmement agité.  Son mépris envers les croyants frisait l’hystérie.  Il avait cependant un très bon ami qui croyait en Dieu et avec lequel il s’était entendu pour ne jamais parler de religion.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Un jour, cet homme, probablement dans un moment de faiblesse, accepta l’invitation de son ami à visiter l’église.  Il se délectait déjà à la pensée de troubler la messe en parlant à voix haute et en se moquant des croyants en les pointant du doigt et en riant aux éclats.  Mais comme nous le savons tous, Dieu fait parfois les choses de façon bien mystérieuse.  Cet homme se rendit donc à l’église, se tint sur le dernier banc, à l’arrière, et observa les gens qui priaient.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

La messe débuta et il les regarda tous avec mépris.  Puis, le prêtre entama son sermon, qui allait durer une quinzaine de minutes.  Tout à coup, au beau milieu du sermon, l’homme sentit des larmes lui brûler les paupières.  Un étrange sentiment de joie et de bonheur traversa tout son corps et effaça son animosité.  Après la messe, les deux amis quittèrent l’église ensemble et demeurèrent silencieux jusqu’au moment où leurs chemins devaient se séparer.  L’homme demanda à son ami s’ils allaient pouvoir retourner ensemble à l’église.  Ils se mirent d’accord pour y retourner le lendemain.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Certains d’entre vous ont peut-être deviné que cet athée borné, c’était moi.  Toute ma vie, je n’avais ressenti que mépris et haine envers les gens qui croyaient.  Mais après ce sermon, en 1989, lorsque le prêtre nous dit qu’il fallait éviter de juger les autres si nous ne voulions pas être nous-mêmes jugés, ma vie prit un tournant inattendu.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Je me mis à assister régulièrement à la messe et devins constamment à l’affût de nouvelles connaissances sur Dieu et sur Jésus.  Je participais à des réunions de jeunes chrétiens, au cours desquelles nous échangions sur nos expériences spirituelles.  Je me sentais ressuscité.  Je ressentais le besoin de me trouver en compagnie de croyants et de me racheter pour les 18 années au cours desquelles j’avais vécu en athée.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

J’ai été élevé dans une famille athée qui, à part m’avoir fait baptiser par formalité, n’avait jamais fait aucune tentative pour me guider spirituellement.  Je me souviens, alors que j’étais en sixième année du primaire, qu’un camarade du parti communiste avait été envoyé chez nous pour nous expliquer pourquoi Dieu n’existait pas.  Je me souviens avoir bu chacune de ses paroles, même si personnellement, je n’avais pas besoin qu’on me convainque de Sa non-existence.  Je crus tout ce qu’il nous dit.  Son arrogance, son mépris et sa haine des croyants devinrent miens.  Mais aujourd’hui, maintenant que je croyais, je sentais que je devais me racheter pour toutes ces années.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Je rencontrai un prêtre et d’autres croyants qui me guidèrent sur cette nouvelle voie.  Je leur posai de nombreuses questions, auxquelles ils répondirent.  Je réalisai plus tard l’erreur que j’avais commise d’accepter toutes leurs réponses sans m’y attarder et sans trop réfléchir.  Je peux dire, aujourd’hui, que la façon dont ils m’expliquèrent les choses laissait sous-entendre que je devais les accepter sans les questionner.  Mais je ne veux pas me montrer injuste envers eux, car au fond, ce fut mon erreur de ne pas méditer plus sur les informations qu’ils m’apportaient ni d’exercer mon sens critique, et cette attitude allait me causer certains problèmes, plus tard.  Rétrospectivement, je crois qu’un facteur important qui influença mon comportement était mon âge.  J’étais trop jeune pour bien comprendre des choses aussi sérieuses et compliquées que la religion.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Je souhaitais devenir un bon chrétien et Dieu sait quels efforts j’y investis.  Pourtant, au fil du temps, je n’arrivais pas à réconcilier les contradictions dans la Bible, telles que la nature divine du prophète Jésus et le concept du péché originel.  Des prêtres tentèrent de répondre à mes questions, mais à la longue, ils finirent par perdre patience.  Ils me dirent que si j’avais la foi, je devais accepter ces choses sans les remettre en question.  Ils cherchèrent à me convaincre que ces questions étaient une perte de temps et ne servaient qu’à créer une distance entre Dieu et moi.  Jusqu’à ce jour, je me rappelle encore m’être disputé avec un leader spirituel, un incident qui faillit me précipiter à nouveau dans l’athéisme.  Je ne savais plus si j’avais tort ou raison.  J’étais jeune.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Comment je devins musulman<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Mon trajet vers l’islam fut semé d’embûches.  Il est facile d’imaginer que, comme j’avais été déçu par le christianisme, j’acceptai l’islam rapidement.  Cela aurait été plus simple; mais tout ce que je savais de l’islam, à l’époque, était, entre autres, que les musulmans appelaient Dieu « Allah », qu’ils lisaient le Coran plutôt que la Bible, et qu’ils adoraient un homme du nom de Mohammed.  Je n’étais donc pas vraiment prêt à embrasser l’islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Je m’éloignai donc de la communauté chrétienne et voulus vivre ma foi en solitaire.  Je découvris, à ce moment, que même si les membres de la communauté et l’église ne me manquaient pas, Dieu, quant à Lui, était profondément « ancré » dans mon cœur et je ne pouvais plus m’en séparer.  En fait, je n’essayai même pas, au contraire; j’étais heureux d’avoir Dieu dans ma vie et j’espérais qu’Il était de mon côté.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Plus tard, pourtant, je commis l’erreur de sombrer dans une vie de luxe et de vices.  Je ne réalisais pas qu’une telle vie allait m’éloigner de Dieu et me mener tout droit vers l’enfer.  Un ami avait pour habitude de dire que l’on doit parfois toucher le fond pour bien sentir le sol sous ses pieds.  C’est exactement ce qui m’arriva; je sombrai très profondément.  J’imagine à quel point Satan devait m’attendre les bras ouverts, mais Dieu ne me laissa pas tomber et me donna une seconde chance.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(partie 2 de 2) : Une graine semée devient grande et forte<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

En juillet 2001, je fis la rencontre d’un homme originaire d’Irak qui s’appelait Ibrahim.  Nous nous liâmes rapidement d’amitié.  Il me dit qu’il était musulman et je lui dis que j’étais chrétien.  Je pensai que ma religion allait peut-être dresser une barrière entre lui et moi, mais ce ne fut pas le cas et je m’en réjouis.  Je ne pensais pas, à ce moment-là, devenir un jour musulman, et il n’essaya pas de me convertir à sa religion.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Bien que je percevais l’islam comme une religion d’étrangers, j’étais intéressé à mieux le connaître.  La rencontre avec cet Irakien était donc pour moi une bonne occasion d’en apprendre plus.  J’avais devant moi un homme qui pouvait démystifier cette religion, alors je rassemblai mon courage et lui posai des questions sur sa foi.  Ce fut là ma première rencontre avec l’islam.  Quelque temps plus tard, nos chemins se séparèrent et je ne le revis pas, mais la graine avait été semée.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Je me souviens avoir lu une interview avec Mohammed Ali Silhavy (un vieux musulman tchèque) et avoir cherché son adresse pour lui envoyer une lettre.  Puis, survinrent les événements du 11 septembre.  À cause du climat politique, je pensai que le moment était mal choisi pour lui écrire.  Je me retrouvai donc dans une impasse.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Environ deux mois plus tard, je trouvai le courage d’écrire une longue lettre à Monsieur Silhavy.  Il me répondit et m’envoya un colis contenant des livrets sur l’islam.  Il me dit qu’il avait parlé de moi à la fondation islamique de Prague et qu’il leur avait demandé de m’envoyer une traduction du Coran.  C’est ainsi que tout commença pour de bon.  Petit à petit, j’appris que non seulement l’islam n’est pas une religion militante, mais, au contraire, une religion de paix.  Je trouvai réponse à toutes mes questions.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

À cause de diverses circonstances, je n’eus l’occasion de rendre visite à Monsieur Silhavy que trois ans plus tard.  Il se montra très patient envers moi; il m’expliqua beaucoup de choses et me suggéra d’aller visiter la mosquée de Brno (en République Tchèque).  Je me rendis à la mosquée avec la crainte d’être perçu comme un étranger.  À ma grande surprise, ce fut tout le contraire.  Je fis la rencontre de K. et de L., qui furent les premières personnes à m’aider.  Je fis également la connaissance d’autres frères qui m’accueillirent de façon très chaleureuse.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Je me mis à étudier tous les aspects de l’islam et découvris à quel point il s’agissait d’une religion logique et facile à comprendre.  J’appris petit à petit à faire mes prières et aujourd’hui, je les fais toutes sans problème, en arabe.  Aussi, je laissai tomber une de mes mauvaises habitudes, qui n’était pas compatible avec l’islam.  En effet, j’aimais beaucoup jouer à l’argent et faire des gageures, domaine dans lequel j’excellais.  Ce fut une bataille difficile, que je menai contre moi-même, mais avec l’aide de Dieu, je remportai cette bataille.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Si, au début, je doutais de mon intérêt réel pour l’islam et de ma capacité de vivre comme un musulman, je sais aujourd’hui que mon intérêt est sincère et je me considère comme l’un des leurs.  Cela peut paraître simple, mais avec l’aide de Dieu, j’ai pu remporter cette bataille interne.  J’ai beaucoup réfléchi avant de prendre la décision d’embrasser l’islam.  Pour être franc, durant toute l’année 2003 et le début de l’année 2004, je n’étais pas du tout certain d’être capable de vivre en conformité avec cette religion.  Puis, j’ai fini par me décider.  Je ne suis plus le jeune homme que j’étais au début des années 90.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

C’est pourquoi aujourd’hui je suis très heureux d’être musulman.  Je me sens enfin libre.  Bien sûr, j’ai toujours des défauts, mais je travaille constamment à m’améliorer et je suis certain que Dieu m’aidera à le faire.  Maintenant, j’aimerais vous dire à tous : je crois, tout au fond de mon cœur, et j’atteste qu’il n’y a pas d’autre Dieu qu’Allah et que Mohammed est Son messager.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Radko, Ex-Atheist, Tscheche<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 (teil 1 von 2): Vom Atheismus zum Christentum<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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Ich kannte einmal einen Atheisten, der behauptete, er hätte nie an die Existenz Gottes geglaubt.  Seiner Meinung nach wird erwartet, dass Gläubige Menschen mit schwachem Charakter seien, die die Notwendigkeit fühlten, eine Krücke für ihre Unfähigkeit und Faulheit zu finden, daher gingen sie zur Kirche.  Er regte sich auf, wenn man über Religion diskutierte und er den Gegenüber nicht mit seinen Argumenten überzeugen konnte.  Er verachtete die Gläubigen auf eine fast hysterische Art.  Er hatte allerdings einen sehr guten Freund, der an Gott glaubte.  Sie verabredeten keine Diskussion über Religion anzufangen, wenn sie zusammen sind. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Eines Tages nahm dieser Mann, vielleicht in einem seltenen Augenblick der Schwäche, eine Einladung seines Freundes an, seine Kirche zu besuchen.  Für sich selbst lachte er bei dem Gedanken daran, inmitten der Massen zu sprechen, und lachen und mit erhobenem Zeigefinger von der Kanzel aus auf die Gläubigen zeigend.  Wie auch immer, wir wissen, Gott arbeitet auf mysteriöse Weise.  Er ging zur Kirche, stand in den hinteren Bankreihen und starrte die betenden Menschen an.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die Messe begann, und er warf ihnen allen einen sarkastischen Blick zu.  Dann begann die Predigt und dauerte etwa 15Minuten.  Plötzlich wallten ihm mitten in der Predigt die Tränen über die Wangen.  Ein seltsames Gefühl der Freude und des Glücks wusch seine Feindseligkeit weg, ein Gefühl, das seinen ganzen Körper verschlang.  Nach der Messe gingen die beiden Freunde zusammen.  Sie waren still bis zu dem Augenblick, wo sich ihre Wege trennten, da fragte er seinen Freund, ob sie mal wieder zusammen zur Kirche gehen könnten.  Sie verabredeten sich für den nächsten Tag. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Es ist möglich, dass du vermutet hast, ich sei der dickköpfige Atheist gewesen.  Ich hatte gläubigen Menschen gegenüber nichts gefühlt, außer Geringschätzung und Hass.  Doch nach dieser Predigt 1989 als der Priester erklärte, warum dass wir nicht andere beurteilen dürfen, wie wir nicht beurteilt werden wollen, nahm mein Leben plötzlich eine dramatische Wende. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ich fing an, regelmäßig zu den Gottesdiensten zu gehen, und ich war durstig nach Informationen über Gott und Jesus Christus.  Ich nahm an Treffen mit christlichen Jugendlichen teil, wo wir unsere spirituellen Erfahrungen austauschten. Ich fühlte mich wiedergeboren.  Plötzlich fühlte ich den Bedarf, in der Gesellschaft von Gläubigen zu sein.  Ich musste die vergangenen 18 Jahre nachholen.   <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ich bin in einer atheistischen Familie aufgewachsen, die außer dass sie mich taufen lassen haben, keinen Versuch unternommen haben meine spirituelle Entwicklung zu fördern.  Ich kann mich daran erinnern, in der sechsten Klasse gewesen zu sein, als uns ein Genosse von der kommunistischen Partei geschickt wurde, um uns zu erklären, warum Gott nicht existiert.  Ich erinnere mich daran, wie ich jedes seiner Worte aufnahm.  Was meinen Fall betrifft, so brauchte man mich nicht zu überzeugen.  Ich glaubte alles, was er sagte.  Seine Arroganz, seine Geringschätzung und sein Hass Gläubigen gegenüber wurde der meine.  Doch nun musste ich all jene Jahre nachholen.    <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ich traf mich mit einem Priester und anderen, die mich in diese neue Richtung wiesen.  Ich hatte so viele Fragen, die sie beantworteten.  Später musste ich einen großen Fehler erkennen: ich nahm alles ohne nachzudenken oder zu überlegen an.  Ich konnte sagen, dass sie mir die Dinge auf eine “nimm es, wie es ist” – Art erklärten, aber das war nicht fair von ihnen.  Es war tatsächlich mein Fehler.  Ich habe weder über ihre Worte nachgedacht, noch habe ich kritisch gedacht.  Dies hat mir später viele Komplikationen verursacht.  Rückblickend glaube ich, ein wichtiger Faktor, der mein Verhalten beeinflusst hat, war mein Alter.  Ich war zu jung, um Dinge, die so ernst und kompliziert sind wie Glaube wirklich zu verstehen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ich wünschte mir, ein guter Christ zu werden und Gott weiß, dass ich es wirklich sehr stark versuchte.  Doch mit der Zeit konnte ich nicht über die Widersprüche, die in der Bibel zu finden sind, hinwegsehen, wie das göttliche Wesen Jesus´ und das Konzept von der Erbsünde.  Priester versuchten meine Fragen zu beantworten, aber schließlich wurde ihre Geduld strapaziert.  Mir wurde gesagt, dass solche Dinge im Glauben akzeptiert werden müssen und diese Fragen seien reine Zeitverschwendung und dienten nur dem Zweck, mich von Gott zu distanzieren.  Bis zum heutigen Tag erinnere ich mich an den Streit mit einem spirituellen Führer, ein Ereignis, das meine Selbst-zerstörerischen Tendenzen wieder geweckt hatte.  Vielleicht hatte ich doch nicht recht gehabt.  Ich war jung.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wie ich Muslim wurde<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Mein Weg zum Islam war keineswegs leicht.  Du könntest denken, da ich vom Christentum enttäuscht gewesen bin, hätte ich sogleich den Islam als meinen Glauben angenommen.  Das hätte sehr einfach sein können, aber alles, was ich vom Islam wusste, waren Dinge, wie dass Muslime Gott Allah nennen, dass sie anstatt in der Bibel im Qur´an lesen und dass sie jemanden mit Namen Muhammad anbeten.  Auch dachte ich, ich sei noch nicht bereit, den Islam anzunehmen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Also zog ich mich von der Kirchengemeinde zurück und behauptete, ein solo-Christ zu sein.  Ich fand allerdings heraus, dass auch wenn ich die Gemeinschaft der Gläubigen oder die Kirche nicht vermisste, Gott so tief in meinem Herzen ´siedelte´, dass ich Ihn nicht gehen lassen konnte.  Ich versuchte es nicht einmal.  Ganz im Gegenteil.  Ich fühlte mich glücklich, Gott zu haben und hoffte Ihn auf meiner Seite zu haben. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Später fing ich an, eine Dummheit nach der anderen zu begehen, ein Leben des Luxus und der Lust zu führen.  Mir war nicht bewusst, dass ein solcher Weg mich von Gott weg zur Hölle führen würde.  Einer meiner Freunde sagte, dass du den Tiefpunkt erreichen musst, um den Boden unter den Füßen zu spüren.  Genau das geschah mir.  Ich bin wirklich tief gefallen.  Ich kann mir nur vorstellen, wie Satan mit offenen Armen auf mich gewartet haben muss, doch Gott hatte mich nicht aufgegeben und gab mir eine andere Chance.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(teil 2 von 2): Ein gesätes Korn wächst groß und stark<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Im Juli 2001 traf ich einen jungen Mann vom Irak.  Sein Name war Ibrahim.  Wir sind ziemlich schnell ins Gespräch gekommen.  Er erzählte mir, dass er Muslim sei, und ich antwortete, ich sei Christ.  Ich fürchtete, es könnte ein Problem sein, dass ich Christ bin, aber da habe ich mich geirrt.  Ich war froh, mich geirrt zu haben.  Es war interessant, dass ich nicht Muslim werden wollte und er versuchte nicht, mich zu Konvertieren. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Auch wenn ich Muslime für eine exotische Gruppe hielt, hatte ich Interesse, mehr über den Islam zu erfahren.  Es war eine gute Gelegenheit, mehr zu lernen.  Mir wurde klar, dass ich einen Mann vor mir hatte, der mir viel über den Islam beibringen konnte, daher nahm ich meinen Mut zusammen, um ihn zu bitten, genau dies zu tun.  Dies war mein erstes Treffen mit dem Islam, in der Tat mein erster Schritt.  Nach einiger Zeit trennten sich unsere Wege, und ich habe ihn nicht wieder gesehen.  Doch die Saat war gesät.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ich erinnere mich daran, einmal ein Interview mit Mohammad Ali Silhavy (einem alten tschechischen Muslim) gelesen zu haben, und ich bemühte mich, seine Adresse herauszufinden und ihm einen Brief zu schreiben.   Dann kam der 11. September.  Aufgrund des politischen Klimas dachte ich, es könnte nicht die passende Zeit sein, mit Mr. Silhavy Kontakt aufzunehmen.  Also befand ich mich in einer Sackgasse. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ungefähr zwei Monate später fand ich den Mut, Mr. Silhavy einen langen Brief zu schreiben.  Nach einer Weile antwortete er und schickte mir ein Päckchen mit islamischer Literatur und Broschüren.  Er teilte mir mit, dass er die Islamic Foundation in Prag von mir informiert und sie gebeten hatte, mir die Übersetzung des Qur´an zu schicken.  Also war dies mein Anfang.  Schritt für Schritt lernte ich, dass der Islam keine militante Religion ist, sondern ganz im Gegenteil, er ist eine Religion des Friedens.  Meine Fragen wurden beantwortet. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Aufgrund bestimmter Umstände entschloss ich mich erst drei Jahre später, Mr. Silhavy zu besuchen.  Er zeigte viel Geduld, als er mir verschiedene Dinge erklärte und schlug vor, ich sollte die Moschee von Brno (Tschechische Republik) besuchen.  Als ich zur Moschee von Brno kam, befürchtete ich, man würde mich als Fremden, als Außenseiter betrachten.  Ich war höchst überrascht, als das Gegenteil der Fall war.  Ich traf K. und L., sie waren die ersten Personen, die mir halfen.  Natürlich traf ich auch noch andere Brüder, die mich auf die herzlichste Weise willkommen geheißen haben.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ich fing an, mich in alle Aspekte des Islam zu vertiefen, und ich fand heraus, wie verständlich und logisch der Islam ist.  Nach und nach lernte ich, zu beten und heute meistere ich das Gebet ohne Probleme, sogar auf arabisch.  Ich gab eine schlechte Gewohnheit von mir auf , die mit dem Islam nicht vereinbar war.  Ich war ein Spieler gewesen, und wirklich ein sehr guter.  Es war ein schwerer Kampf mit mir selbst, doch mit Gottes Hilfe habe ich diesen Kampf gewonnen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wenn ich mein Interesse am Islam je angezweifelt habe oder ob ich in der Lage sein würde, als Muslim zu leben, wusste ich, dass mein Interesse beständig war und dass ich mich als einer von ihnen betrachtete.  Mag sein, dass es ziemlich leicht aussieht, aber ich habe diesen inneren Kampf wieder mit Gottes Hilfe gewonnen.  Ich habe sorgfältig darüber nachgedacht, bevor ich mich definitiv entschieden habe, den Islam anzunehmen.  Um ehrlich zu sein, das ganze Jahr 2003 und den Anfang von 2004 war ich mir nicht vollständig sicher, ob ich damit zurecht kommen würde.  Schließlich entschied ich mich definitiv.  Ich bin nicht mehr dieser junge Mann aus den 90ern.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Aus diesem Grund fühle ich mich heute glücklich, weil  ich Muslim geworden bin.  Ich bin letzten Endes frei, ich habe noch immer Unzulänglichkeiten, aber ich versuche, mich zu bessern.  Ich glaube, dass Gott mir helfen wird.  Jetzt höre zu, was ich dir erzählen will, und bedenke diese Verpflichtung: Ich glaube in meinem Herzen, und erkläre mit meinen Worten, dass es keinen Gott gibt, außer Gott und dass Muhammad  sein Gesandter ist.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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\u0420\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e, \u044d\u043a\u0441-\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u0427\u0435\u0445\u0438\u044f: \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u043a \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 <\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/span><\/h1>\r\n

(\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1 \u0438\u0437 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0430\u0442\u0435\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u041f\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438, \u0438\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c. \u041e\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c. \u0412 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u043b\u0438\u0445\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f  \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044b, \u0442\u044b\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u043c. \u041d\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u0430\u0442\u0435\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u044f \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c, \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0437\u044b. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0441\u044e \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0418\u0437 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430, \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u043d \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u044f \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0442\u0435\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0432 1989, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b, \u043c\u043e\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u042f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0443, \u0436\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0438 \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0435 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0438, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f. \u0412\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u043d\u043e \u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u042f \u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0435\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043a \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0449 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 18 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u042f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043c\u043e\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435. \u041e\u043d \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b. \u041f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u0435 «\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c», \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b \u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u041c\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u044b\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c. \u042f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0449\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043d\u043e \u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c. \u0421\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0435. \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u043d\u043e \u044f \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e. \u041c\u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u0414\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041a\u0430\u043a \u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u041c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u044e\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u043c. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043a \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0443. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e. \u0412\u0441\u0451, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0431 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435, – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445, \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434.  \u041a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0435, \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u044e, \u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c, \u044f \u0443\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0438\u0437 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445, \u044f \u0432\u0441\u0451-\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0435. \u042f \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u041d\u0438\u043c. \u041c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041e\u043d \u0433\u0434\u0435-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0414\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c. \u042f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0410\u0434. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439.  \u042f \u043f\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e. \u041c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043b \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u043d\u0441.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2 \u0438\u0437 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\u0412 \u0438\u044e\u043b\u0435 2001 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u044b\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0418\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043c. \u041c\u044b \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a. \u041e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u044f – \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u043e, \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u0441\u044f. \u041d\u0430\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f – \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u042f \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0437\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435. \u0422\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0451, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443. \u042f \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0441\u044e \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e. \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435, \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0433 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0443. \u041d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0448\u043a\u043e \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0435.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044e, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044c\u044e \u0441 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0410\u043b\u0438 \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0445\u0430\u0443\u0438 (\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0448\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d). \u0423 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f 11 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0441 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0445\u0430\u0443\u0438. \u042f \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043a\u0435. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435-\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e. \u0421 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e\u043c \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0448\u044e\u0440 \u043e\u0431 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0445\u0430\u0443\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0431\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c. \u0428\u0430\u0433 \u0437\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c \u044f \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u044e\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b, \u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442. \u042f \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043b \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c, \u043c\u043e\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430 \u0441 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0445\u0430\u0443\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0421 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b \u043c\u043d\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u043b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0411\u0440\u043d\u043e (\u0427\u0435\u0448\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430). \u042f \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u0430\u043a\u0430. \u041a \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442. \u042f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u041a. \u0438 \u041b. – \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433 \u043c\u043d\u0435. \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0420\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 – \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c – \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0421 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u0442\u043e  \u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0438\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0418 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043c. \u0411\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0448\u0442\u0443\u043a\u0430. \u041d\u043e, \u0441 \u0411\u043e\u0436\u044c\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e, \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0411\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044f \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043a \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e. \u041d\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u044f \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439.  \u0421\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u044f \u0432\u044b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b, \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043b. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c 2003 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e 2004 \u044f \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044e \u043b\u0438 \u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e. \u041d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446, \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432, \u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u044e\u043d\u0446\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 90-\u0445.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440. \u041d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446, \u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0443! \u042f \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u044e \u0432 \u0411\u043e\u0436\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c. \u0410 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u044f \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c: \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435\u043c \u044f \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430,  \u0438 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 – \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":8785,"lft":2496,"rght":2497,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-20T23:49:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-03T10:52:43.000000Z","language_id":5,"user_id":7,"author_id":2202,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":1355,"author_name":"Radko","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-08-20","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.docx"},{"id":1360,"title":"Radko, Ex-Ateu, Tchecoslov\u00e1quia","slug":"radko-ex-ateu-tchecoslovquia","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:radko-ex-ateu-tchecoslovquia","hint":"","body":"

Radko, Ex-Ateu, Tchecoslováquia<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/span> (parte 1 de 2): Do Ateísmo ao Cristianismo<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Conheci um ateu que alegava que nunca acreditaria na existência de Deus.  Em sua opinião, os crentes supostamente são pessoas de caráter fraco que sentem necessidade de encontrar uma muleta para suas incapacidades e preguiça e, por isso, frequentam a igreja.  Ficava agitado se, ao debater religião, não conseguisse persuadir o oponente com seus argumentos.  Desprezava os crentes de uma forma quase histérica.  Tinha, entretanto, um amigo muito bom que acreditava em Deus.  Concordaram em evitar discutir religião sempre que se encontrassem.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Um dia esse homem, provavelmente em um momento raro de fraqueza, aceitou o convite do amigo para visitar sua igreja.  Consigo mesmo, ria com a ideia de gritar no meio da massa, apontando seu dedo e gargalhando para os crentes do púlpito.  Entretanto, como sabemos, Deus trabalha de formas misteriosas.  Foi à igreja, ficou de pé atrás dos bancos e olhou fixo para as pessoas orando.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A missa começou e ele deu a tudo um olhar sarcástico.  Então começou o sermão, que durou uns 15 minutos.  De repente, no meio do sermão, as lágrimas rolaram de seus olhos.  Um estranho sentimento de alegria e felicidade eliminou sua animosidade, um sentimento que envolveu todo o seu corpo.  Depois da missa os dois amigos saíram juntos.  Estavam em silêncio até o momento em que cada um seguiria seu caminho, quando perguntou a seu amigo se poderiam ir à igreja juntos novamente.  Concordaram em ir novamente no dia seguinte.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

É possível que alguns de vocês tenham adivinhado que era eu aquele ateu teimoso.  Não sentia nada além de desprezo e ódio em relação às pessoas de fé.  Mas depois daquele sermão em 1989, quando o padre discutiu como não devemos julgar os outros se não queremos ser julgados, minha vida repentinamente sofreu uma reviravolta dramática.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Comecei a frequentar a igreja regularmente e tinha sede de qualquer informação sobre Deus e Jesus Cristo.  Participei de encontros com jovens cristãos em que trocávamos nossas experiências espirituais.  Senti-me ressuscitado.  De repente senti necessidade de estar na companhia de crentes.  Precisava compensar os últimos 18 anos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Fui educado em uma família ateia, que exceto por terem me batizado, não fez qualquer tentativa para orientar meu desenvolvimento espiritual.  Lembro de estar na sexta série quando um camarada foi enviado pelo Partido Comunista para nos explicar por que Deus não existe.  Lembro que absorvia cada palavra.  Em meu caso, não precisava de convencimento.  Acreditei em tudo que ele disse.  Sua arrogância, desprezo e ódio por crentes tornaram-se meus.  Mas agora tinha que compensar por todos aqueles anos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Encontrei um padre e outros que me orientaram nessa nova direção.   Tinha muitas perguntas, que eles responderam.  Mais tarde percebi um grande erro: aceitei tudo sem contemplação ou reflexão.  Poderia dizer que me explicavam as coisas de um jeito \"aceite sem questionar\", mas seria injusto com eles.  Foi, de fato, erro meu.  Não refleti sobre suas palavras, nem pensei de maneira crítica.  Isso me causou muitas complicações depois.  Em retrospecto, acredito que a idade foi um fator importante a influenciar meu comportamento.  Era muito jovem para compreender adequadamente assuntos tão sérios e complicados como a fé.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Queria me tornar um bom cristão e Deus sabe que tentei bastante.  Ainda assim, com o passar do tempo não pude conciliar as contradições encontradas na Bíblia, como a natureza divina do profeta Jesus e o conceito de pecado herdado.  Os padres tentavam responder às minhas perguntas, mas, por fim, suas paciências começaram a acabar.  Disseram-me que esses assuntos devem ser aceitos na fé e essas perguntas eram uma perda de tempo, servindo somente para distanciar-me de Deus.  Até esse dia lembro de discutir com um líder espiritual, um evento que recomeçou minhas tendências autodestrutivas.  Talvez estivesse errado, no final das contas.  Era jovem.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Como me tornei muçulmano<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Meu caminho na direção do Islã não foi nada fácil.  Vocês podem pensar que uma vez que me decepcionei com o Cristianismo, imediatamente aceitei o Islã como minha crença.  Isso teria sido muito simples, mas tudo que sabia sobre o Islã na época eram coisas como: os muçulmanos se referem a Deus como Allah, leem o Alcorão ao invés da Bíblia e adoram alguém chamado Muhammad.  Também acho que ainda não estava pronto para aceitar o Islã.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Então, afastei-me da comunidade da igreja e afirmei ser um cristão solista.  Descobri, entretanto, que apesar de não sentir falta da comunidade de crentes ou igreja, Deus tinha Se \"estabelecido\" de forma tão profunda em meu coração que não podia deixá-Lo ir.  Nem ao menos tentei.  Muito pelo contrário.  Sentia-me feliz de ter Deus e esperava que Ele estivesse ao meu lado.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Mais tarde comecei a envolver-me em uma estupidez atrás da outra, vivendo uma vida de luxo e luxúria.   Não percebi que aquela estrada me afastaria de Deus e me levaria ao inferno.  Um amigo meu diz que é preciso chegar ao fundo do poço para sentir o chão embaixo dos seus pés.  Foi exatamente isso que aconteceu comigo.  Fui muito fundo.  Só consigo imaginar como Satanás deve ter esperado por mim de braços abertos, mas Deus não desistiu de mim e me deu outra chance.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(parte 2 de 2): Uma Semente Plantada Cresce Alta e Forte<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Em julho de 2001 encontrei um jovem do Iraque.  Seu nome era Ibrahim.  Rapidamente iniciamos uma conversa.  Ele me disse que era muçulmano e respondi que era cristão.  Estava preocupado que o fato de ser cristão fosse um problema, mas estava errado.  Fiquei feliz em estar errado.  Foi interessante que eu não queria tornar-me muçulmano e ele não tentou me converter.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Embora considerasse os muçulmanos um grupo exótico, estava interessado em aprender mais sobre o Islã.  Era uma boa oportunidade de aprender mais.  Percebi que tinha diante de mim um homem que podia me ensinar muito sobre o Islã e criei coragem para pedir-lhe que o fizesse.  Esse foi meu primeiro encontro com o Islã. Na verdade, meu primeiro passo.  Depois de algum tempo nos separamos e não o vi novamente, mas a semente havia sido plantada.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Lembro-me de ter lido uma entrevista com Mohammad Ali Silhavy (um velho muçulmano tcheco) e ficado ansioso para conseguir seu endereço e escrever-lhe uma carta.  Então veio o 11 de setembro.  Por causa do clima político, pensei que não era o momento apropriado para contatar o Sr. Silhavy.  Vi-me sem saída.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dois meses depois encontrei coragem para escrever uma longa carta para o Sr. Silhavy.  Algum tempo depois ele respondeu e enviou um pacote contendo literatura e panfletos islâmicos.  Disse-me que tinha informado a Fundação Islâmica em Praga a meu respeito e pedido a eles para enviar-me a tradução do Alcorão.  Esse foi o meu começo.  Passo a passo, aprendi que o Islã não é uma religião militante, mas ao contrário, é uma religião de paz.  Minhas perguntas foram respondidas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Por causa de certas circunstâncias, somente três anos depois decidi visitar o Sr. Silhavy.  Ele demonstrou muita paciência enquanto me explicava assuntos diferentes e sugeriu que eu visitasse a mesquita de Brno (República Tcheca).  Quando fui à mesquita de Brno, temia ser visto como um estranho, um intruso.  Fiquei muito surpreso ao constatar justamente o contrário.  Encontrei K. e L., que foram as primeiras pessoas que me ajudaram.  Claro, encontrei outros irmãos que me deram as boas vindas da forma mais calorosa possível.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Comecei a pesquisar todos os aspectos do Islã e descobri o quão compreensível e lógico o Islã é.  Gradualmente comecei a aprender como orar e hoje domino a oração sem problemas, mesmo em árabe.  Larguei um mau hábito que não era compatível com o Islã.  Era um jogador e dos bons.  Foi uma batalha difícil comigo mesmo, mas com a ajuda de Deus, venci.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Se alguma vez duvidei de meu interesse no Islã ou se poderia viver como um muçulmano, sei agora que meu interesse é permanente e me considero um deles.  Talvez pareça muito simples, mas com a ajuda de Deus venci essa batalha interna.  Pensei cuidadosamente antes de decidir abraçar o Islã definitivamente.  Para ser honesto, durante todo o ano de 2003 e o início de 2004, não estava completamente certo de como lidaria com isso.  Finalmente decidi-me em definitivo.  Não sou mais aquele jovem do início dos anos 1990.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

É por isso que hoje me sinto muito feliz em ser muçulmano.  Finalmente sinto-me livre.  Ainda tenho minhas imperfeições, mas estou tentando corrigir-me.  Acredito que Deus me ajudará.  Agora, ouça o que quero dizer e considero minha obrigação: acredito em meu coração e declaro pela palavra que não existe outra divindade a não ser Deus e que Muhammad é Seu mensageiro.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":9045,"lft":2498,"rght":2499,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-20T23:49:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-03T18:22:54.000000Z","language_id":15,"user_id":7,"author_id":2202,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":10,"parent_id":1355,"author_name":"Radko","category_name":"Why I became a Muslim!","category_slug":"Why-I-became-a-Muslim!","get_date":"2014-08-20","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.docx"},{"id":1361,"title":"\u30e9\u30c9\u30b3\u3000\u30c1\u30a7\u30b3\u51fa\u8eab\u306e\u5143\u7121\u795e\u8ad6\u8005\uff08\u524d\u534a\uff09","slug":"-sdbhfgf","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Radko, Ex-Atheist, Czech.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:-sdbhfgf","hint":"","body":"

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\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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\uff08\u5f8c\u534a\uff09\uff1a\u5f37\u304f\u6210\u9577\u3059\u308b\u8494\u304b\u308c\u305f\u7a2e<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

2001\u5e74\u306e7\u6708\u3001\u79c1\u306f\u30a4\u30e9\u30af\u51fa\u8eab\u306e\u82e5\u8005\u306b\u51fa\u4f1a\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u540d\u306f\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u30e0\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3059\u3050\u3055\u307e\u6253\u3061\u89e3\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u79c1\u306b\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u79c1\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u544a\u3052\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u305d\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5f7c\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u554f\u984c\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u5fc3\u914d\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u9593\u9055\u3044\u3067\u5b89\u5fc3\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3001\u79c1\u306f\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u306b\u306a\u308a\u305f\u304f\u3082\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u79c1\u3092\u6539\u5b97\u3055\u305b\u3088\u3046\u3068\u8a66\u307f\u3082\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u79c1\u306f\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u3092\u30a8\u30ad\u30be\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u306a\u5206\u985e\u3060\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3063\u3068\u5b66\u3073\u305f\u3044\u3068\u3082\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5b66\u3073\u306e\u826f\u3044\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u6b63\u9762\u306b\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u52c7\u6c17\u3092\u596e\u3044\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3066\u8cea\u554f\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304c\u79c1\u3068\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u3068\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u51fa\u4f1a\u3044\u3067\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b69\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u9023\u7d61\u304c\u9014\u7d76\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6642\u306b\u7a2e\u306f\u8494\u304b\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u79c1\u304c\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30b9\u30a3\u30eb\u30cf\u30f4\u30a3\u30fc\uff08\u53e4\u53c2\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30b3\u4eba\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\uff09\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u4f4f\u6240\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u3066\u624b\u7d19\u3092\u51fa\u305d\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u77e2\u5148\u306b\u30019\u30fb11\u4e8b\u4ef6\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u306a\u98a8\u5411\u304d\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30b9\u30a3\u30eb\u30cf\u30f4\u30a3\u30fc\u6c0f\u306b\u624b\u7d19\u3092\u51fa\u3059\u306e\u306f\u9069\u5207\u306a\u6642\u671f\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u3001\u884c\u304d\u8a70\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u79c1\u306f\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5074\u9762\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u3001\u3044\u304b\u306b\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u304c\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u6b21\u7b2c\u306b\u793c\u62dd\u306e\u4ed5\u65b9\u3092\u5b66\u3073\u59cb\u3081\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u3067\u306f\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u8a9e\u3067\u3082\u554f\u984c\u306a\u304f\u793c\u62dd\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u79c1\u306f\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u3068\u306f\u76f8\u5bb9\u308c\u306a\u3044\u60aa\u7656\u3092\u6b62\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u30ae\u30e3\u30f3\u30d6\u30eb\u306b\u306e\u3081\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u9577\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u56f0\u96e3\u306a\u845b\u85e4\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u795e\u306e\u52a9\u3051\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u305d\u308c\u306b\u6253\u3061\u52dd\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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 <\/p>\r\n

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