{"title":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","author":{"id":2137,"name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","slug":"abd_al_rahman_mahdi","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":"","promote":0,"status":1,"created_at":"2014-08-03T08:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2014-08-03T08:00:00.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi"},"books":{"current_page":1,"data":[{"title":"The Journey into the Hereafter","slug":"the-journey-into-the-hereafter-1432798922","image":"\/uploads\/books\/The Journey into the 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United Colors of Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:the-united-colors-of-islam","hint":"","body":"

The United Colors of Islam<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (part 1 of 3)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

www.Quran.nu, (edited by IslamReligion.com)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“God said: ‘What prevented you (O Satan) that you did not prostrate when I commanded you?’  Iblees (the Satan) replied: ‘I am better than him (Adam).  You created me from fire, and him You created from clay.” (Quran 7:12)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

So begins the history of racism.  Satan thought himself superior to Adam on account of his origins.  Since that day, Satan has misled many of Adam’s descendants into also believing themselves superior to others, causing them to persecute and exploit their fellow man.  Quite often, religion has been used to justify racism.  Judaism, for example, despite its Middle­-Eastern origins, is readily passed off as a Western religion; but the entry of Jews into all levels of Western society actually betrays Judaism’s elitist reality.  A pious reading of the bible verse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“There is no God in all the world but in Israel.” (2 Kings 5:15)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…would be to suggest that in those days God, or God, was not worshipped except by Israelites.  However, Judaism today remains centered around its boast of ‘chosen’ racial superiority.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Say: ‘O Jews!  If you pretend that you are the beloved slaves of God to the exclusion of the rest of humanity, then long for death if you are really truthful.’” (Quran 62:6)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Conversely, while most Christians are overwhelmingly non­-Jew, Jesus, as the last of the Israelite Prophets, was sent to none but the Jews.[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And (remember) when Jesus, son of Mary, said:    ‘O Children of Israel!  I am the Messenger of God sent unto you, confirming the Torah before me and bearing glad tidings of a Messenger after me whose name shall be Ahmad[2]<\/a>...’” (Quran 61:6)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

And likewise every Prophet was sent exclusively to his own people,[3]<\/a>  every Prophet, that is, except Muhammad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Say (O Muhammad): ‘O People!  I am the Messenger of God sent to you all…’” (Quran 7:158)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

As Muhammad was God’s final Prophet and Messenger, his mission was a universal one, intended for not only his own nation, the Arabs, but all the peoples of the world.  The Prophet said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Every other Prophet was sent to his nation exclusively, while I have been sent to all of humanity.” (Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And We have not sent you (O Muhammad) except as a bearer of glad tidings and a Warner to all mankind, but most of people know not.” (Quran 34:28)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Bilal the Abyssinian<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

One of the first to accept Islam was an Abyssinian slave named Bilal.  Traditionally, black Africans were a lowly people in the sight of Arabs who thought them to be of little use beyond entertainment and slavery.  When Bilal embraced Islam, his pagan master had him brutally tortured in the scorching desert heat until Abu Bakr, the Prophet’s closest friend, rescued him by buying his freedom.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Prophet appointed Bilal to call the believers to prayer.  The athan<\/em> heard from minarets in every corner of the world since, echoes the exact same words recited by Bilal.  Thus, a onetime lowly slave won a unique honor as Islam’s first muezzin.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And indeed We have honored the Children of Adam...” (Quran 17:70)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Western romantics hail ancient Greece as being the birthplace of democracy.[4]<\/a>  The reality was that, as slaves and women, the vast majority of Athenians were denied the right to elect their rulers.  Yet, Islam ordained that a slave could himself be ruler!  The Prophet ordered:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Obey your ruler even if he be an Abyssinian slave.” (Ahmad<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> The bible agrees.  Jesus is reported to have said: ‘I have not been sent except to the lost sheep of the House of Israel.’ (Matthew 15:24).  Hence, every one of his famous twelve disciples was an Israelite Jew.  The one biblical passage where Jesus tells them to: ‘Go and preach unto all nations; baptizing them in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Ghost.’ (Matthew 28:19), commonly quoted to prove the Gentile mission as well as the Trinity, is not found in any pre-16th century manuscript and thus considered ‘a pious fraud.’<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> One of the names of Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> And We sent to every nation a Messenger (saying): ‘Worship God (alone) and shun false deities.’ (Quran 16:36)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> Democracy is a Middle-Eastern invention, first seen in the civilization of Ebla in 3rd millennium BC, and then in Phoenicia and Mesopotamia during 11th century BC.  It did not appear in Athens unti15th century BC.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(part 2 of 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Salman the Persian<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Like most of his countrymen, Salman was raised a devout Zoroastrian.  However, after an encounter with some Christians at worship, he accepted Christianity as ‘something better’.  Salman then traveled extensively in search of knowledge, from the service of one learned monk to another, the last of whom said: ‘O son!  I do not know of anyone who is on the same (creed) as we are.  However, the time of the emergence of a Prophet is at hand.  This Prophet is upon the religion of Abraham.’<\/em>  The monk then proceeded to describe this Prophet, his character and where he would appear.  Salman migrated to Arabia, the land of the prophecy, and when he heard about and met Muhammad, he immediately recognized him from his teacher’s descriptions and embraced Islam.  Salman became renowned for his knowledge and was the first person to translate the Quran into another language, Persian.  Once, whilst the Prophet was amongst his Companions, the following was revealed to him:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“It is He (God) Who had sent among the unlettered (the Arabs) a Messenger (Muhammad) from among themselves... and (also to) others (i.e. non­-Arabs) among them who have not yet joined them (as Muslims)...” (Quran 62:2-3)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

God’s Messenger then placed his hand on Salman and said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Even if the Faith were near (the stars of) Pleiades, a man from amongst these (Persians) would surely attain it.” (Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Suhayb the Roman<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Suhayb was born into privilege in the luxurious house of his father, who was a client governor for the Persian emperor.  While he was still a child, Suhayb was captured by Byzantine raiders and sold into slavery in Constantinople.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Suhayb eventually escaped from bondage and fled to Mecca, a popular place of asylum, where he soon became a prosperous merchant nick-named ‘ar-Rumi’, the Roman, due to his Byzantine tongue and upbringing.  When Suhayb heard Muhammad preach, he was at once convinced of the truth of his message and embraced Islam.  Like all the early Muslims, Suhayb was persecuted by the pagans of Mecca.  So, he traded all his wealth in exchange for safe passage to join the Prophet at Medina, whereupon the Prophet, delighted to see Suhayb, greeted him thrice: ‘Your trade has been fruitful, O [Suhayb]!  Your trade has been fruitful!’  God had informed the Prophet of Suhayb’s exploits before their reunion with this revelation:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And there is a type of man who ransoms himself to earn the pleasure of God.  And God is full of kindness to His servants.” (Quran 2:207)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Prophet loved Suhayb a great deal and described him as having preceded the Romans to Islam.  Suhayb’s piety and standing among the early Muslims was so high that when Caliph Umar was on his deathbed, he selected Suhayb to lead them until they could agree upon a successor.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Abdullah the Hebrew<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

The Jews were another nation that the pre-Islamic Arabs held in contempt.  Many Jews and Christians had been expecting a new Prophet to appear in Arabia during the time of the Prophet Muhammad.  Jews from the Levite tribe in particular had settled in large numbers in and around the city of Medina.  However, when the much­ anticipated Prophet came, not as a Hebrew son of Israel, but as the Arab descendant of Ishmael, the Jews rejected him.  Except, that is, for a few like Hussein ibn Salam.  Hussein was the most learned rabbi and leader of the Medinan Jews but was denounced and vilified by them when he embraced Islam.  The Prophet re-named Husayn, ‘Abdullah’, meaning ‘Servant of God’, and gave him the glad tidings that he was destined for Paradise.  Abdullah addressed his tribesmen saying:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

‘O assembly of Jews!  Be conscious of God and accept what Muhammad has brought.  By God!  You certainly know that he is God’s Messenger and you can find prophecies about him and mention of his name and characteristics in your Torah.  I for my part declare that he is the Messenger of God.  I have faith in him and believe that he is true.  I (for one) recognize him.’  God revealed the following about Abdullah:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And a witness from the Children of Israel testified to this (Quran being from God) like (the Torah).  So he believed while (most of) you (Jews) are too proud (to believe).” (Quran 46:10)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Thus, in the ranks of the Prophet Muhammad’s Companions could be found Africans, Persians, Romans and Israelites; representatives of every known continent.  As the Prophet said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Indeed, my friends and allies are not the tribe of so and so.  Rather, my friends and allies are the pious, wherever they may be.” (Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>,Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(part 3 of 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

This universal brotherhood preached by Islam was championed by the Prophet’s Companions after him.  When the Companion, Ubada ibn as-Samit, led a delegation to Muqawqis, the Christian patriarch of Alexandria, the latter exclaimed: ‘Get this black man away from me and bring in his stead another to talk to me! ...  How can you be content that a black man should be the foremost among you?  Is it not more fitting that he be below you?’  ‘Indeed no!’, Ubada’s comrades replied, ‘Though he is black as you see, he is still the foremost among us in position, intelligence and wisdom; for black is not despised among us.’<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Truly, the Believers are but brothers...” (Quran 49:10)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

It is the Hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca, which remains the ultimate symbol of the oneness and brotherhood of man.  Here, rich and poor from all nations stand and bow in unison before God in what is the largest gathering of humanity; testifying to the Prophet’s words when he said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“There is truly no excellence for an Arab over a non-Arab; or for a non-Arab over an Arab; or for a white man over a black man; or for a black man over a white man; except through piety.” (Ahmad<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

And this confirms the Quran, which says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“O humanity!  We have created you from a single male and female and have made you into nations and tribes that you may know one another (not that you have pride over one another).  Verily, the most honorable of you in God’s Sight is the one most pious…” (Quran 49:13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

As for nationalism, with its factionalizing of Muslims along ethnic and tribal lines, it is considered an evil innovation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“If your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your wives, your tribe, the wealth you have gained, the commerce in which you fear a decline, and the dwellings in which you delight are dearer to you than God and His Messenger and striving hard in His Cause, then wait until God brings about His Decision.  And God guides not a rebellious people.” (Quran 9:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Prophet said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“... whoever fights under the banner of the blind, becoming angry for nationalism, calling to nationalism, or assisting nationalism, and dies: then he dies a death of jahiliyya (i.e. pre-Islamic ignorance and disbelief).” (Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Rather, the Quran says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“While those who disbelieved placed in their hearts pride and haughtiness - the pride and haughtiness of jahiliyya, God sent down His tranquility upon His Messenger and upon the Believers…” (Quran 48:26)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

In fact, the Muslims in and of themselves constitute a single body and supra-nation, as the Prophet explained:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“The parable of the Believers in their mutual love and mercy is like that of a living body: if one part feels pain, the whole body suffers in sleeplessness and fever.” (Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Quran confirms this unity:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Thus, We have made you (Believers into) a (single) justly-balanced community...” (Quran 2:143)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Perhaps one of the greatest barriers to the acceptance of Islam by many Westerners is the fallacy that it is primarily a religion for Orientals or dark-skinned people.  No doubt, the racial injustices against many blacks, be they Abyssinian slaves of pre-Islamic Arabia, or 20th century Afro-Americans, has prompted many to embrace Islam.  But this is beside the point.  The Prophet Muhammad was himself of whitish complexion, described by his Companions as being ‘white and ruddy’ - a description many tens of millions of believing Arabs, Berbers and Persians share.  Even blue-eyed blondes are not so rare amongst Near Easterners.  Furthermore, Europe has more indigenous white Muslims than it has ‘colored’ immigrants.  The Bosnians, for example, whose numbers were decimated at the end of the 20th century but who, due to their heroism and tradition of tolerance, have contributed most to Balkan peace and stability.  Albanians too, descended from Europe’s ancient Illyrians, are also largely Muslim.  In fact, one of the 20th century’s leading Muslim scholars, Imam Muhammad Nasir-ud-Deen al-Albani, was, as his title suggests, Albanian.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Truly, We created humans in the best stature.” (Quran 5:4)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Whites have been called ‘caucasian’ ever since anthropologists declared the Caucasus Mountains, home to Europe’s highest peaks, to be the ‘Cradle of the White Race.’  Today, the natives of these mountains are Muslims.  Amongst many a lesser-known tribe of fierce mountaineers and fair maidens are the Circassians famed for their bravery and beauty and who, as Mamluke rulers of Syria and Egypt, helped defend the civilized world and safeguard its holy lands from the ravages of the Mongol hordes.  Then there is the brutalized Chechen, arguably the most unwieldy of all God’s creatures, whose tenacity and resistance has helped them avoid the fate of the Circassians.  Meanwhile, over 1,000,000 American and North European Caucasian whites - Anglo-Saxons, Franks, Germans, Scandinavians and Celts included - now profess Islam.  In fact, Islam peacefully entered parts of Europe before Christianity, when: ‘In times long ago, when the Russian Slav had not yet started to build Christian churches on the Oka nor conquered these places in the name of European civilization, the Bulgar was already listening to the Quran on the banks of the Volga and the Kama.’ (Solov’ev, 1965) [On 16 May 922, Islam became the official state religion of the Volga Bulgars, with whom today’s Bulgarians share a common ancestry.]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Every faith besides Islam calls for the worship of creation in some way, shape or form.  Moreover, race and color play a central and divisive role in almost all non-Islamic belief systems.  A Christian’s deification of Jesus and the saints or a Buddhist’s deification of Buddha and the Dalai Lamas has people of a particular race and color being worshipped in derogation of God.  In Judaism, salvation is withheld from the non-Jew Gentile.  Hinduism’s caste system likewise checks the spiritual, socio-political and economic aspirations of the ‘unclean’ lower castes.  Islam, however, seeks to unite and make one all the creatures of the world upon the Unity and Oneness of their Creator.  Thus, Islam alone liberates all peoples, races and colors in the worship of God alone.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and the (wonderful) differences of your languages and colors.  Verily, in that are indeed signs for people of sound knowledge.” (Quran 30:22)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":21827,"lft":755,"rght":766,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-03T18:01:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T20:25:55.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":5,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-03","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-The United Colors of Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-The United Colors of Islam.docx"},{"id":493,"title":"Los Colores Unidos del Islam","slug":"los-colores-unidos-del-islam","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-The United Colors of Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-The United Colors of Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:los-colores-unidos-del-islam","hint":"","body":"

Los Colores Unidos del Islam<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Bilal el abisinio<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Uno de los primeros en aceptar el Islam fue un esclavo abisinio llamado Bilal. Tradicionalmente, los africanos negros eran personas bajas a la vista de los árabes, quienes los consideraban de poca utilidad más allá del entretenimiento y la esclavitud. Cuando Bilal abrazó el Islam, su amo pagano lo hizo torturar salvajemente en el abrasador calor del desierto, hasta que Abu Baker, el amigo más cercano del Profeta, lo rescató al comprar su libertad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

El Profeta le asignó a Bilal la tarea de llamar a los creyentes para la oración. El adhán, <\/em>oído desde los minaretes en cada esquina del mundo, desde entonces hace eco de las mismas palabras exactas recitadas por Bilal. Fue así como un esclavo, otrora de baja condición social, ganó un honor único como el primer muecín del Islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Por cierto que hemos honrado a los hijos de Adán, y les hemos facilitado los medios para transitar por la tierra y por el mar; les hemos proveído de cosas buenas y los hemos preferido por encima de muchas otras criaturas”. (Corán 17:70)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Los románticos occidentales exaltan a la antigua Grecia como el lugar de nacimiento de la democracia[4]<\/a>. La realidad es que, por ser esclavos y mujeres, a la vasta mayoría de los atenienses le era negado el derecho a elegir a sus gobernantes. A pesar de esto, ¡el Islam estableció que un esclavo podía ser un gobernante! El Profeta ordenó:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Obedezcan a su gobernante, incluso si es un esclavo abisinio”. (Ahmad<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> La Biblia apoya este concepto. Se reportó que Jesús dijo: “No fui enviado sino a las ovejas perdidas del pueblo de Israel”. (Mateo 15:24) De allí que, cada uno de sus famosos 12 discípulos eran judíos israelitas. El pasaje bíblico específico en el cual Jesús les dice que: “Por tanto, id y doctrinad a todos los Gentiles, bautizándolos en el nombre del Padre y del Hijo y del Espíritu Santo” (Mateo 28:19), citado comúnmente para probar la misión gentil así como para probar la Trinidad, no se encuentra en ningún manuscrito anterior al siglo XVI, y de esta forma es considerado un “piadoso fraude”.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Uno de los nombres de Muhammad, que Dios lo exalte.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> “Nosotros enviamos a cada nación un Mensajero”. (Corán 16:36)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> La Democracia es una invención de Oriente Medio, vista por primera vez en la civilización de Ebla, en el tercer milenio antes de Cristo, y luego en Fenicia y Mesopotamia durante el siglo XI antes de Cristo. No apareció en Atenas sino hasta el siglo V antes de Cristo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

(parte 2 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Salmán el persa<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Como la mayoría de sus compatriotas, Salman fue criado como un devoto zoroastriano. A pesar de esto, luego de un encuentro con algunos cristianos, él aceptó el cristianismo como “algo mejor”. Salmán luego viajó por todas partes en búsqueda de conocimiento, sirviendo a uno y otro monje instruido, el último de los cuales dijo: “¡Oh hijo! Yo no sé de nadie que esté en el mismo (credo) que nosotros. A pesar de esto, el tiempo de la aparición de un Profeta está cerca. Este Profeta es de la religión de Abraham”. <\/em>El monje procedió luego a describir a dicho Profeta, su carácter y en dónde aparecería. Salman emigró a Arabia, la tierra de esa profecía; y cuando oyó y conoció a Muhammad, inmediatamente lo reconoció de las descripciones de su maestro, y abrazó el Islam. Salmán se hizo famoso por su conocimiento y fue la primera persona en traducir el Corán a otro idioma, el persa. Una vez, mientras el Profeta estaba entre sus Compañeros, lo siguiente le fue revelado:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Él es Quien eligió de entre los que no sabían leer ni escribir  un Mensajero para que les recite Sus preceptos, les purifique, y les enseñe el Libro y la sabiduría. Por cierto que antes de ello se encontraban en un extravío evidente. Y también [para que purifique y enseñe] a otros que les sucederán. Ciertamente Dios es Poderoso, Sabio”. (Corán 62:2-3)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

El Mensajero de Dios luego puso su mano sobre Salman y dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Incluso si la fe estuviera cerca de (las estrellas de) Pléyades, un hombre de entre estos (persas) de seguro la obtendría”. (Sahih Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Suhaib el romano<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Suhaib nació con privilegios en la lujosa casa de su padre, quien era un gobernador en representación del emperador persa. Mientras aún era niño, Suhaib fue capturado por asaltantes bizantinos y vendido como esclavo en Constantinopla.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Suhaib eventualmente escapó de la cautividad y huyó a La Meca, un popular lugar de asilo, en donde pronto se volvió un próspero comerciante con el apodo de “Ar-Rumi”, el romano, debido a su idioma y crianza bizantina. Cuando Suhaib oyó a Muhammad predicar, se convenció inmediatamente de la verdad de su mensaje y abrazó el Islam. Como todos los primeros musulmanes, Suhaib fue perseguido por los paganos de La Meca. Así que intercambió toda su riqueza por un salvoconducto para unirse al Profeta en Medina, después de lo cual el Profeta, complacido de ver a Suhaib, lo saludó tres veces, diciendo: “¡Tu intercambio ha sido fructífero [Oh Suhaib]! ¡Tu intercambio ha sido fructífero, tu intercambio ha sido fructífero!” Dios había informado al Profeta de la acción de Suhaib antes de reunirse con él, mediante esta revelación:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Y entre los hombres hay quienes dan su vida anhelando agradar a Dios; y Dios es Compasivo con Sus siervos”. (Corán 2:207)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

El Profeta amaba en gran manera a Suhaib, y lo describió como habiendo precedido a los romanos en entrar al Islam. La piedad de Suhaib y su posición entre los primeros musulmanes eran tan altas, que cuando el Califa Umar estaba en su lecho de muerte escogió a Suhaib para liderarlos hasta cuando hubiera acuerdo entre ellos acerca de un sucesor.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Abdullah, el hebreo<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Los judíos eran otra nación que vivía entre los árabes pre-islámicos, especialmente en Medinah. Muchos judíos y cristianos habían estado esperando que apareciera un nuevo profeta en Arabia durante el tiempo del Profeta Muhammad. Los judíos de la tribu levita, en particular, se habían asentado en gran número dentro y alrededor de la ciudad de Medina. A pesar de esto, cuando el tan anunciado Profeta llegó, no como un hebreo hijo de Israel sino como un árabe descendiente de Ismael, los judíos lo rechazaron. Excepto unos pocos, como Hussein bin Salam. Hussein era el más instruido rabino y líder de los judíos de Medina, pero fue denunciado y despreciado por ellos cuando acogió el Islam. El Profeta dio un nuevo nombre a Husain: “Abdullah”, que significa “Servidor de Dios”, y le dio las buenas nuevas de que estaba destinado al Paraíso. Abdullah se dirigió a sus compañeros de la tribu diciendo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “¡Oh judíos! Sean conscientes de Dios y acepten lo que Muhammad ha traído. ¡Por Dios! Ustedes saben que él es el Mensajero de Dios y pueden encontrar profecías acerca de él y la mención de su nombre y sus características en la Tora. Yo, por mi parte, declaro que él es el Mensajero de Dios. Yo tengo fe en él y creo que él es veraz. Yo lo reconozco a él”. Dios reveló lo siguiente acerca de ‘Abdullah:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Diles: ¿Por qué no creéis en el Corán que Dios reveló y os ensoberbecéis, siendo que un sabio de los Hijos de Israel [‘Abdullah Ibn Salam] atestiguó su veracidad y creyó en él? En verdad Dios no guía a los injustos”. (Corán 46:10)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

De esta forma, en las filas de los Compañeros del  Profeta Muhammad se podían encontrar africanos, persas, romanos e israelitas; representantes de cada continente conocido. Como el Profeta dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“En verdad, mis amigos y aliados no son de la tribu de tal y tal. En lugar de esto, mis amigos y aliados son los piadosos, donde sea que estén”. (Sahih Al- Bujari<\/em>, <\/em>Sahih Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(parte 3 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Esta hermandad universal predicada por el Islam fue liderada por los Compañeros del Profeta luego de él. Cuando el Compañero Ubada bin As-Samit lideró una delegación ante Muqawqis, el patriarca cristiano de Alejandría, este exclamó: “¡Llévense a este hombre negro lejos de mí, y en su lugar traigan a otro que me hable!... ¿Cómo pueden ustedes estar contentos de que un hombre negro sea el primero entre ustedes? ¿No sería mejor que él esté por debajo de ustedes?” “¡En verdad no!”, replicaron los camaradas de Ubada, “aunque él sea negro, como tú puedes ver, él es el primero en posición, inteligencia y sabiduría entre nosotros; pues la persona negra no es despreciada entre nosotros”.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“En verdad, los creyentes son todos hermanos entre sí…” (Corán 49:10)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Es el Hayy o peregrinaje  a La Meca lo que permanece como el símbolo máximo de unidad y hermandad del hombre. Aquí, los ricos y los pobres, provenientes de todas las naciones, se inclinan y se levantan al unísono ante Dios en lo que es la más grande reunión de la humanidad, testificando acerca de las palabras del Profeta cuando él dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Verdaderamente no hay superioridad de un árabe sobre un no árabe o de un no árabe sobre un árabe, o de un hombre blanco sobre un hombre negro o de un hombre negro sobre un hombre blanco, excepto por la piedad”. (Ahmad<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Y esto confirma al Corán cuando dice:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“¡Oh, humanos! Os hemos creado a partir de un hombre y una mujer, y os congregamos en pueblos y tribus para que os conozcáis los unos a los otros. En verdad, el más honrado de vosotros ante Dios es el más piadoso”. (Corán 49:13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

En lo que respecta al nacionalismo, el cual busca crear facciones entre musulmanes por líneas étnicas y tribales, ello es considerado una innovación malvada.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Diles [¡Oh, Muhammad!]: Si vuestros padres, hijos, hermanos, esposas y familiares, los bienes que hayáis adquirido, los negocios que temáis perder y las propiedades que poseáis y os agraden son más amados para vosotros que Dios, Su Mensajero y la lucha por Su causa, pues entonces esperad que os sobrevenga el castigo de Dios; y sabed que Dios no guía a los corruptos”. (Corán 9:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

El Profeta dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“... quien luche bajo la bandera de los ciegos, volviéndose iracundo por el nacionalismo, llamando al nacionalismo o asistiendo al nacionalismo, y muere, entonces, habrá sido como si hubiese muerto en la yahiliia (es decir, ignorancia e incredulidad pre-islámica)”. (Sahih Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

En lugar de esto, el Corán dice:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Cuando los incrédulos cerraron sus corazones a la Verdad  como en la época de la ignorancia [previa al Islam], Dios hizo descender el sosiego sobre Su Mensajero y sobre los creyentes, y les infundió el completo sentido de la piedad, pues eran los más dignos de ella; y Dios todo lo sabe”. (Corán 48:26)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

De hecho, los musulmanes constituyen un solo cuerpo y una supra-nación, como el Profeta explicó:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“La parábola de los creyentes en su amor y misericordia mutuos es como un cuerpo vivo: si una de las partes siente dolor, todo el cuerpo sufre de insomnio y fiebre”. (Sahih Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

El Corán confirma esta unidad:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Hicimos de vosotros una comunidad moderada y justa, a fin de que fuerais testigos ante la humanidad [de la llegada de los profetas anteriores], y fuera el Mensajero vuestro testigo”. (Corán 2:143)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Tal vez, una de las más grandes barreras para la aceptación de Islam por parte de muchos occidentales es la falacia de que es principalmente una religión para orientales o para personas de piel oscura. Sin duda, las injusticias raciales en contra de muchos negros, ya sean esclavos abisinios de la Arabia pre-islámica o afroamericanos del siglo XX, han llevado a muchos a acoger el Islam. Pero esto no viene al caso. El mismo Profeta Muhammad fue de tez blancuzca, descrito por sus Compañeros como “blanco y colorado” –una descripción que decenas de millones de creyentes árabes, berberíes y persas comparten–. Incluso los rubios de ojos azules no son tan raros entre los nuevos habitantes del Cercano Oriente. Más aún, Europa tiene más musulmanes blancos que inmigrantes “de color”. Los bosnios, por ejemplo, cuyo número fue diezmado a finales del siglo XX pero quienes, debido a su heroísmo y tradición de tolerancia, han contribuido mucho a la paz y la estabilidad de los Balcanes. Igualmente los albanos, descendientes de los antiguos ilirios de Europa, son también en su mayoría musulmanes. De hecho, uno de los principales eruditos musulmanes del siglo XX, el Imam Muhammad Nasir-Ud-Deen Al-Albani, era, como su título lo sugiere, albano.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“…ciertamente creamos al hombre con la más bella conformación”. (Corán 5:4)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Los blancos han sido llamados “caucásicos” siempre, desde que los antropólogos declararon a las Montañas del Cáucaso, hogar de los picos más altos de Europa, como la “cuna de la raza blanca”. Hoy en día, los nativos de esas montañas son musulmanes. Entre una de las poco conocidas tribus de fieros montañeses y agraciadas mujeres están los circasianos, afamados por su bravura y su belleza, y quienes, como gobernantes mamelucos de Siria y Egipto, ayudaron a defender al mundo civilizado y a salvaguardar sus tierras santas de los asaltos de las hordas mongolas. Luego, están los brutalmente perseguidos chechenos, discutiblemente las más indómitas de todas las criaturas de Dios, cuya tenacidad y resistencia les han ayudado a evitar el destino de los circasianos. Por otro lado, más de 1.000.000 de blancos caucásicos americanos y del norte de Europa –anglosajones, francos, alemanes, escandinavos y celtas incluidos– ahora profesan el Islam. De hecho, el Islam entró pacíficamente a ciertas partes de Europa antes que la cristiandad: “Hace mucho tiempo, cuando el eslavo ruso no había empezado a construir iglesias cristianas en el Oká ni había conquistado estos lugares en nombre de la civilización europea, el búlgaro ya estaba oyendo el Corán en las orillas del Volga y del Kama”. (Solov’ev, 1965) [El 16 de mayo de 922, el Islam se convirtió en la religión oficial del estado de los búlgaros del Volga, con quienes los búlgaros de hoy comparten un ancestro común.]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Toda fe aparte del Islam llama de alguna manera al culto de algún ser creado. Más aún, la raza y el color juegan un papel central y divisivo en casi todos los sistemas de creencia no islámicos. Una deificación cristiana de Jesús y de los santos o una deificación budista de Buda y de los Dalai Lamas, tiene a gente de una raza y un color en particular siendo adorados en derogación de Dios. En el judaísmo, la salvación es apartada de los gentiles no judíos. El sistema de castas hinduista aparta igualmente las aspiraciones espirituales, socio-políticas y económicas de las castas bajas “impuras”. El Islam, a pesar de esto, busca unificar a todas las criaturas del mundo alrededor de la Unidad y la Unicidad de su Creador. De esta forma, sólo el Islam libera a todas las personas, razas y colores mediante la adoración exclusiva a Dios.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Y entre Sus signos está la creación de los cielos y de la Tierra, la diversidad de vuestras lenguas y razas. Por cierto que en esto hay signos para quienes los comprenden”. (Corán 30:22)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":18149,"lft":756,"rght":757,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-03T18:05:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T21:44:25.000000Z","language_id":12,"user_id":5,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":492,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-03","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-The United Colors of Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-The United Colors of Islam.docx"},{"id":494,"title":"Les couleurs unies de l\u2019islam","slug":"les-couleurs-unies-de-lislam","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-The United Colors of Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-The United Colors of Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:les-couleurs-unies-de-lislam","hint":"","body":"

Les couleurs unies de l’islam<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Bilal l’Abyssinien<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

L’une des toutes premières personnes à embrasser l’islam fut un esclave abyssinien du nom de Bilal.  À l’époque, les Noirs africains étaient considérés comme des gens de classe inférieure par les Arabes, qui les utilisaient comme esclaves.  Lorsque Bilal embrassa l’islam, son maître (qui était païen), le fit torturer sous le soleil brûlant du désert jusqu’à ce qu’Abou Bakr, qui était le meilleur ami du Prophète, vienne à sa rescousse, le rachète et lui rende sa liberté.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) chargea Bilal d’appeler les croyants à la prière.  Le adhan<\/em> (appel à la prière) qui résonne des minarets des quatre coins du monde, depuis, est exactement le même que celui que récitait Bilal.  C’est ainsi que celui qui avait été esclave eût l’honneur unique de devenir le premier muezzin de l’islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Certes, Nous avons honoré les fils d’Adam. » (Coran 17:70)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Les Occidentaux louent la Grèce ancienne comme étant le berceau de la démocratie.[3]<\/a>  La vérité est qu’à l’instar des esclaves et des femmes, la vaste majorité des Athéniens n’avaient pas le droit de participer à l’élection de leurs dirigeants,  tandis que l’islam, de son côté, donnait le droit même à un esclave de devenir dirigeant!  Le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Obéissez à votre dirigeant, même s’il s’agit d’un esclave abyssinien. »  (Ahmad<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Dans la Bible, Jésus est ainsi cité : « Ma mission se limite aux brebis perdues du peuple d'Israël. » (Mathieu 15:24).  Ainsi, chacun de ses fameux douze apôtres était un juif israélite.  L’unique passage biblique où Jésus leur dit : « ... allez donc dans le monde entier, faites des disciples parmi tous les peuples, baptisez-les au nom du Père, du Fils et du Saint-Esprit. »(Matthieu 28:19), souvent cité pour prouver la mission des Gentils, de même que la trinité, ne se trouve dans aucun manuscrit antérieur au 16e<\/sup> siècle et est donc considéré comme une « pieuse fraude »...<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> « Nous avons envoyé à chaque nation un messager (pour lui dire) : « Adorez Dieu et bannissez les fausses divinités. » (Coran 16:36) <\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> La démocratie est un concept issu du Moyen-Orient et remontant à la civilisation d’Ebla, trois milles ans avant Jésus, puis en Phénicie et en Mésopotamie au cours du onzième siècle avant Jésus.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(partie 2 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Salman le Persan<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Comme la plupart de ses concitoyens, Salman fut élevé dans la religion zoroastrienne.  Mais après avoir vu, un jour, des chrétiens prier, il devint lui-même chrétien, croyant ainsi changer pour « le meilleur ».  Puis il voyagea beaucoup en quête de savoir, séjournant auprès de différents moines, dont le dernier lui dit : « Ô mon fils!  Je ne connais personne qui possède les mêmes croyances que nous.  Mais le moment est venu où doit apparaître un nouveau prophète.  Ce prophète suivra la même religion qu’Abraham. »  Puis le moine lui décrivit ce prophète, son caractère et l’endroit où il devait apparaître.  C’est alors que Salman émigra en Arabie, et lorsqu’il entendit parler de Mohammed, il chercha à le rencontrer.  Dès qu’il le vit, il le reconnut grâce à la description que lui en avait faite le moine et embrassa l’islam aussitôt.  Salman devint connu pour son vaste savoir et fut le premier à traduire le Coran dans une autre langue, c’est-à-dire en persan.  Un jour que le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) se trouvait parmi ses compagnons, il reçut la révélation du verset suivant :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« C’est Lui qui a envoyé au peuple d’illettrés un messager issu d’eux-mêmes qui leur récite Ses révélations, les purifie de leurs péchés et leur enseigne l’Écriture et la Sagesse alors qu’auparavant, ils étaient dans un égarement évident.  [Et Dieu fera bénéficier de ce message] d’autres [générations] ultérieures. » (Coran 62:2-3)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le messager de Dieu mis alors sa main sur Salman et dit:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Même si la foi se trouvait près [des étoiles] de la Pléiade, un homme parmi eux [les Persans] l’atteindrait certainement. » (sahih Mouslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Souhayb le Romain<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Souhayb était né au sein d’une famille riche; son père était satrape (gouverneur de province) au service de l’empereur persan.  Enfant, il fut capturé par des pillards byzantins et vendu comme esclave à Constantinople.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Souhayb parvint à s’évader, un jour, et s’enfuit à la Mecque, qui était alors un endroit où les gens cherchaient souvent asile.  Il y devint un marchand prospère surnommé « ar-Roumi », c’est-à-dire « le Romain », parce qu’il avait été élevé par les Byzantins et parlait leur langue.  Lorsqu’il entendit parler de Mohammed et de ce qu’il prêchait, il fut immédiatement convaincu de la vérité de son message et embrassa l’islam.  Puis, comme la majorité des premiers musulmans, il fut persécuté par les païens de la Mecque.  Alors il échangea tous ses biens contre un droit de passage pour aller rejoindre le Prophète à Médine.  Ce dernier, très heureux de voir arriver Souhayb, lui dit à trois reprises : « Ton échange a porté fruit, ô Souhayb! »  Dieu avait informé le Prophète de ce que Souhayb avait fait pour arriver à sortir de la Mecque :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Et parmi les gens, il y a celui qui se sacrifie, cherchant en cela l’agrément de Dieu.  Et Dieu est Compatissant envers Ses serviteurs. » (Coran 2:207)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) aimait énormément Souhayb et disait de lui qu’il avait précédé les Romains dans l’islam.  La piété de Souhayb et sa réputation parmi les premiers musulmans étaient si élevées que lorsque le calife ‘Omar était sur son lit de mort, c’est Souhayb qu’il choisit pour le remplacer jusqu’à ce qu’on lui trouve un successeur.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Abdoullah le juif<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Les juifs étaient une autre nation que les Arabes d’avant l’islam regardaient avec mépris.  Avant l’apparition de Mohammed, de nombreux juifs et chrétiens attendaient la venue d’un nouveau prophète en Arabie.  Les juifs de la tribu de Lévi, en particulier, s’étaient établis en grand nombre à Médine et ses environs.  Toutefois, lorsqu’apparut le prophète tant attendu et qu’ils découvrirent qu’il n’était pas juif mais Arabe, descendant d’Ismaël, ils le rejetèrent tous, à l’exception de quelques-uns d’entre eux, dont Hussein bin Salam.  Hussein était le plus érudit des rabbins, de même que le leader des juifs de Médine, qui le dénoncèrent et le calomnièrent au moment où il décida d’embrasser l’islam.  Le Prophète changea son nom pour « Abdoullah » (i.e. « serviteur de Dieu ») et lui annonça la bonne nouvelle qu’il allait entrer au Paradis.  Abdoullah s’adressa ainsi aux gens de sa tribu :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Ô assemblée de juifs!  Soyez conscients de la présence de Dieu et acceptez le message que Mohammed nous apporte.  Par Dieu!  Vous savez très bien qu’il est le messager de Dieu; vous connaissez les prophéties à son sujet, vous avez vu son nom mentionné, de même que sa description, dans la Torah.  En ce qui me concerne, je déclare qu’il est le messager de Dieu.  Je crois en lui et je crois qu’il dit la vérité.  Je le reconnais [comme prophète]. »   Dieu révéla ce qui suit au sujet des juifs de Médine :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Dis : « Et s’il s’avère que [cette révélation] provient vraiment de Dieu et que vous n’y croyez pas?  Et qu’un témoin parmi les enfants d’Israël en atteste la conformité et y croit pendant que vous, vous êtes trop fiers [pour y croire]?  En vérité, Dieu ne guide point les gens injustes. » (Coran 46:10)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

C’est ainsi que dans les rangs des compagnons du prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui), on retrouvait des Africains, des Persans, des Romains et des Israélites, représentants de diverses contrées.  Comme l’a si bien dit le Prophète :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« En vérité, mes amis et mes alliés ne sont pas la tribu unetelle ou unetelle.  Mes amis et mes alliés sont plutôt ceux qui sont pieux, où qu’ils se trouvent. » (sahih al-Boukhari, sahih Mouslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(partie 3 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Après la mort du Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui), ses compagnons se firent les porte-étendards de cette fraternité universelle prêchée par l’islam.  Lorsque le compagnon Oubada bin as-Samit se rendit, à la tête d’une délégation, rencontrer Mouqawqis, archevêque d’Alexandrie, ce dernier s’exclama : « Amenez ce Noir loin de moi et faites venir quelqu’un d’autre pour me parler!  Comment pouvez-vous vous satisfaire d’un Noir à votre tête?  N’est-il pas plus convenable qu’il soit au-dessous de vous? »  « Et bien non!, répondirent les compagnons d’Oubada.  Même s’il est Noir, comme vous pouvez voir, il occupe parmi nous la première position parce qu’il est le plus sage et le plus intelligent; car les Noirs ne sont pas méprisés parmi nous. »<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Les croyants sont frères les uns des autres. » (Coran 49:10)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

C’est le Hajj, ou pèlerinage à la Mecque, qui demeure le symbole ultime de l’unité des hommes et de la fraternité de l’islam.  Durant le pèlerinage, des riches et des pauvres de toutes les nations se tiennent côte à côte et s’inclinent à l’unisson devant Dieu dans ce qui demeure à ce jour le plus grand rassemblement annuel du monde.  Le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Un Arabe n’est pas supérieur à un non-Arabe; et un non-Arabe n’est pas supérieur à un Arabe.  Et un Blanc n’est pas supérieur à un Noir, pas plus qu’un Noir n’est supérieur à un Blanc.  [Il n’y a de supériorité] que dans la piété. » (Ahmad<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ces paroles confirment le verset du Coran qui dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Ô hommes!  Nous vous avons créés d’un mâle et d’une femelle, et Nous avons fait de vous des nations et des tribus, afin que vous fassiez connaissance entre vous.  Certes, le plus noble d’entre vous, auprès de Dieu, est celui qui a la meilleure conduite. »  (Coran 49:13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Quant au nationalisme, qui divise les musulmans en ethnies et en tribus, il est considéré comme une innovation malsaine.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Dis : « Si vos pères, vos fils, vos frères, vos épouses, votre tribu, les biens que vous avez acquis, les marchandises que vous craignez de ne pouvoir vendre et les demeures qui vous plaisent vous sont (tous) plus chers que Dieu,  Son messager et la lutte dans le sentier de Dieu, alors attendez que Dieu instaure Son ordre. Dieu ne guide pas les transgresseurs. » (Coran 9:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le prophète a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « ... quiconque combat sous la bannière de l’aveugle, se mettant en colère pour des questions de nationalisme, invite au nationalisme ou s’active à le faire vivre, lorsqu’il mourra, il mourra dans un état de jahiliyya<\/em> (i.e. dans l’ignorance et l’incroyance de l’époque préislamique). » (sahih Mouslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le Coran dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Tandis que les mécréants nourrissaient en eux-mêmes un ardent fanatisme digne de l’Âge de l’ignorance, Dieu faisait descendre un réconfort apaisant sur Son messager et les croyants... » (Coran 48:26)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

En fait, les musulmans constituent un seul et même peuple, une supranation, tel que l’a expliqué le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« La parabole des croyants, dans leur compassion et leur amour mutuels, est telle le corps humain : si une partie ressent de la douleur, c’est tout le corps qui souffre d’insomnie et de fièvre. » (sahih Mouslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le Coran confirme cette unité :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Ainsi avons-Nous fait de vous la nation du juste milieu afin que vous soyez témoins à l’égard de l’humanité comme le messager sera témoin envers vous. » (Coran 2:143)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Peut-être qu’une des plus grandes barrières à la conversion à l’islam des Occidentaux est l’idée préconçue voulant qu’il s’agisse de la religion des Arabes ou des gens à peau basanée.  Il est certain que les injustices raciales commises contre les Noirs, des esclaves abyssiniens de l’Arabie préislamique aux afro-américains du vingtième siècle, en ont amené plusieurs à embrasser l’islam.  Mais là n’est pas la question.  Le prophète Mohammed avait lui-même la peau claire et les cheveux rougeâtres, comme c’est aussi le cas de millions d’Arabes, de Berbères et de Persans.  Même les blonds aux yeux bleus ne sont pas si rares parmi les gens du Proche Orient.  De plus, l’Europe compte plus de musulmans indigènes blancs que d’immigrants à la peau foncée.  Les Bosniaques, par exemple, dont le nombre a diminué à la fin du 20e<\/sup> siècle, ont contribué, grâce à leur tradition de tolérance, à la paix et à la stabilité des Balkans.  Les Albaniens, descendants des Illyriens, sont majoritairement musulmans.  En fait, l’un des plus grands érudits musulmans du vingtième siècle était albanien, comme le suggère son nom : Imam Muhammad Nasir-oud-Deen al-Albani.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Nous avons certes créé l’homme dans la forme la plus parfaite. » (Coran 95:4)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Les Blancs sont appelés « caucasiens » depuis que les anthropologues ont déclaré que les montagnes du Caucase, qui abritent les plus hauts sommets d’Europe, sont le « berceau de la race blanche ».  De nos jours, ceux qui naissent dans ces montagnes sont musulmans.  Parmi plusieurs tribus de fiers montagnards, il y en a une, moins connue, que l’on appelle les Circassiens.  Ils sont réputés pour leur bravoure et leur beauté et, lorsqu’ils régnèrent sur la Syrie et l’Égypte (mamelouks), ils défendirent les Abbassides et protégèrent leur territoire contre les Mongols.  Puis, il y a les Tchétchènes, probablement un des peuples les plus complexes, dont la ténacité et la résistance leur ont évité de subir le sort ultime des Circassiens.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Par ailleurs, près d’un million d’Américains et de caucasiens d’Europe – Anglo-Saxons, Francs, Allemands, Scandinaves et Celtes, entre autres – professent maintenant l’islam.  En fait, l’islam est arrivé dans certaines parties de l’Europe, de façon pacifique, avant même le christianisme.  « Il y a longtemps de cela, quand les slaves Russes n’avaient pas encore commencé à bâtir des églises chrétiennes sur l’Oka ni conquis ces lieux au nom de la civilisation européenne, les Bulgares écoutaient déjà la récitation du Coran sur les berges de la Volga et de la Kama. » (Solov’ev, 1965).  [Le 16 mai 922, l’islam devint la religion d’État officielle des Bulgares de la Volga, avec lesquels les Bulgares d’aujourd’hui partagent une descendance commune.]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Toutes les religions en dehors de l’islam appellent à l’adoration d’un des éléments de la création, sous une forme ou une autre.  De plus, la race et la couleur jouent un rôle central et décisif dans presque tous les systèmes de croyance non-islamiques.  La déification chrétienne de Jésus et des saints, et la déification bouddhiste de Bouddha et du Dalaï Lama font en sorte que des gens d’une race et d’une couleur particulières sont adorés à la place de Dieu.  Dans le judaïsme, le salut est considéré comme impossible pour les Gentils, car ils ne sont pas juifs.  Le système de castes hindouiste place sous surveillance les aspirations spirituelles, socio-politiques et économiques des castes « impures » inférieures.  L’islam, cependant, cherche à réunir toutes les créatures du monde sous l’unicité de leur Créateur.  Seul l’islam, donc, libère les gens de tous les peuples, races et couleurs en les appelant à l’adoration exclusive de Dieu.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Et parmi Ses signes, la création des cieux et de la terre, ainsi que la variété de vos langues et de vos couleurs.  Il y a en cela des signes pour les esprits avertis. » (Coran 30:22)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":18460,"lft":758,"rght":759,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-03T18:46:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T21:45:42.000000Z","language_id":9,"user_id":5,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":492,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-03","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-The United Colors of Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-The United Colors of Islam.docx"},{"id":495,"title":"Die vereinten Farben des Islam","slug":"die-vereinten-farben-des-islam","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-The United Colors of Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-The United Colors of Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:die-vereinten-farben-des-islam","hint":"","body":"

Die vereinten Farben des Islam<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

www.Quran.nu, (veröffentlicht von IslamReligion.com)<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Bilal der Abessinier    <\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Einer der ersten, der den Islam annahm, war ein abessinischer Sklave namens Bilal.  Aus Tradition waren schwarze Afrikaner ein sehr geringgeschätztes Volk aus der Sicht der Araber, die dachten, sie hätten nur wenig mehr Nutzen außer zur Unterhaltung und Sklaverei.  Als Bilal den Islam annahm, wurde er von seinem heidnischen Meister in der sengenden Wüstenhitze brutal gefoltert, bis Abu Bakr, der engste Freund des Propheten, ihn befreite, indem er ihn freikaufte.    <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Prophet benannte Bilal zum Gebetsrufer.  Der Adhan, <\/em>den man an jeder Ecke von den Minaretten der Welt hören kann, hat exakt denselben Wortlaut, mit dem Bilal gerufen hat.  Ein zuvor niedriger Sklave gewann die einzigartige Ehre, der erste Muezzin des Islam zu sein. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und wahrlich, Wir haben die Kinder Adams geehrt…” (Quran 17:70)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die westliche Romantik verehrt das alten Griechenland als den Geburtsort der Demokratie.[4]<\/a>  Die Wirklichkeit sieht aber so aus, dass Sklaven und Frauen als große Mehrheit der Athener das Recht darauf, ihre Herrscher zu wählen, untersagt blieb.  Der Islam ordnete an, dass sogar ein Sklave als Führer eingesetzt werden konnte.  Der Prophet hat befohlen: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Gehorcht eurem Führer, auch wenn er ein abessinischer Sklave ist.” (Ahmad<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Die Bibel stimmt hier zu.  Es wird berichtet, dass Jesus sagte: \"Ich bin nur gesandt zu den verlorenen Schafen des Hauses Israel.\"  (Matthäus 15:24).  Daher war jeder einzelne seiner berühmten zwölf Jünger ein israelitischer Jude.  Die eine Bibelstelle, wo Jesus sie auffordert, \"darum gehet hin und machet zu Jüngern alle Völker: taufet sie im Namen des Vaters und des Sohnes und des Heiligen Geistes\" (Matthäus 28:19), wird gewöhnlich zitiert, um sowohl die Mission unter den Nichtjuden als auch die Trinität zu beweisen, ist in den Alten Manuskripten des 16. Jahrhunderts nicht zu finden und wird daher als ´frommer Betrug´ betrachtet. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Einer der Namen Muhammads, . <\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Und in jedem Volk erweckten Wir einen Gesandten (,der da predigte): \"Dient Gott (Allein) und meidet die Götzen.\"  (Quran 16:36)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> Demokratie ist eine Errungenschaft des Mittleren Ostens, zuerst gesehen in der Zivilisation von Elba im 3. Jahrtausend vor Chr., und dann in Phoenicia und Mesopotamien während des 11. Jahrhunderts vor Chr.  In Athen erschien sie nicht vor dem 5. Jahrhundert vor Chr.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

(teil 2 von 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Salman der Perser<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Wie die meisten seiner Landsleute wurde Salman als frommer Zoroastrier aufgezogen.  Nach einem Zusammentreffen mit einigen Christen allerdings nahm er das Christentum als ´etwas Besseres´ an.  Daraufhin reiste Salman überaus viel auf der Suche nach Wissen, von dem Dienst für einen gelehrten Mönch zum nächsten, der letzte von diesen sagte: ´O mein Sohn, Ich kenne keinen, der denselben (Glauben) wie wir hat.  Allerdings ist die Zeit für das Auftauchen eines neuen Propheten gekommen.  Dieser Prophet folgt der Religion Abrahams.´ <\/em> Der Mönch fuhr dann damit fort, diesen Propheten zu beschreiben; seinen Charakter und wo er erscheinen würde.  Salman wanderte nach Arabien, dem Land der Prophezeiung, und als er von Muhammad hörte und ihn traf, erkannte er ihn sofort anhand der Beschreibungen seines Lehrers und nahm den Islam an.  Salman wurde für sein Wissen bekannt, und er war der erste, der den Qur´an in eine andere Sprache - Persisch -  übersetzt hat.  Als der Prophet einmal mit seinen Gefährten war, wurde ihm Folgendes offenbart: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Er (Gott) ist es, Der unter den Analphabeten (den Arabern) einen Gesandten (Muhammad) aus ihrer Mitte erweckt hat, um ihnen Seine Verse zu verlesen und sie zu reingen und sie die Schrift und die Weisheit zu lehren, obwohl sie sich zuvor in einem offenkundigen Irrtum befanden, und anderen von ihnen (Nicht-Araber), die sie noch nicht eingeholt haben (als Muslime...” (Quran 62:2-3)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Gesandte Gottes hat dann seine Hand auf Salman gelegt und gesagt: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Selbst wenn der Glaube in der Nähe (der Sterne) von Pleiades läge, würde ein Mann von diesen (Persern) ihn sicher erreichen.” (Sahieh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Suhayb der Römer<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Suhayb genoss das Privileg, in das luxoriöse Haus seines Vaters hineingeboren worden zu sein, der ein Statthalter im persischen Reich war.  Als er noch ein Kind war, wurde Suhayb von byzantinischen Einbrechern gefangen und in Konstantinopel als Sklave verkauft. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Suhayb entkam der Knechtschaft und floh nach Mekka, einem berühmten Ort für Asylsuchende, wo er recht bald ein erfolgreicher Händler wurde, der ´ar-Rumi´, der Römer, genannt wurde, aufgrund seines byzantiner Dialekts und seiner Erziehung.  Als Suhayb Muhammad predigen hörte, war er auf einmal von der Wahrhaftigkeit seiner Botschaft überzeugt und nahm den Islam an.  Wie alle frühen Muslime wurde auch Suhayb von den mekkanischen Götzendienern verfolgt.  Daher verkaufte er sein gesamtes Vermögen im Austausch gegen eine sichere Ausreise, um den Propheten nach Medina begleiten zu können, woraufhin der Prophet ihn aus Freude, Suhayb zu sehen, dreimal begrüßte: ´Dein Handel war fruchtbar, o [Suhayb]!  Dein Handel war fruchtbar!´  Gott hatte den Propheten von Suhaybs großer Tat vor ihrer Wiedervereinung durch diese Offenbarung in Kenntnis gesetzt:   <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und unter den Menschen ist manch einer, der sich selbst hergibt im Verlangen nach Gottes Wohlgefallen.  Und Gott ist wahrlich gütig gegen die Diener.  ” (Quran 2:207)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Prophet liebte Suhayb sehr und sagte, er sei den Römern auf dem Weg zum Islam vorangegangen.  Suhaybs Frömmigkeit und hoher Rang unter den Muslimen führten dazu, dass der Khalif ´Umar auf seinem Totenbett Suhayb auswählte, um die Muslime zu führen, bis diese sich auf einen Nachfolger geeinigt hatten. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Abdullah der Hebräer<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Die Juden waren ein anderes Volk, welche die vorislamischen Araber verachteten.  Viele Juden und Christen erwarteten einen neuen Propheten, der in Arabien während der Zeit des Propheten Muhammad erscheinen sollte.  Juden besonders vom Stamm der Leviten hatten sich in großer Zahl in der Stadt Medina und deren Umgebung angesiedelt.  Als aber der so sehr erwartete Prophet kam, kein hebräischer Sohn Israels sondern ein arabischer Nachfahre von Ismael, wiesen ihn die Juden zurück.  Außer einigen wenigen, wie Hussein bin Salam.  Hussein war der gelehrteste Rabbiner und Führer der Juden in Medina, aber er wurde von ihnen denunziert und verleumdet, als er den Islam annahm.  Der Prophet gab ihm den Namen Hussein ´Abdullah´, das bedeutet ´Diener Gottes´ und klärte ihn darüber auf, dass er für das Paradies bestimmte sei.  Abdullah wandte sich an seine Stammesgenossen und sagte:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

‘O Versammlung der Juden!  Seid euch Gottes bewusst und akzeptiert, was Muhammad gebracht hat.  Bei Gott, ihr wisst mit Sicherheit, dass er der Gesandte Gottes ist und ihr könnt Prophezeiungen von ihm und Erwähnungen seines Namens und seiner Eigenschaften in eurer Thora finden.  Ich für meinen Teil erkläre, das er der Gesandte Gottes ist.  Ich glaube an ihn, und ich glaube, dass er wahrhaftig ist.  Ich erkenne ihn.´  Gott offenbarte Folgendes über Abdullah. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“…obwohl ein Zeuge von den Kindern Israels bezeugt hat, was ihm gleicht (dass der Qur´an wie die Thora von Gott stammt).  – Er hat geglaubt, ihr aber seid allzu hochmütig.” (Quran 46:10)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Also finden wir unter den Gefährten des Propheten Muhammad Afrikaner, Perser, Römer und Israeliten; Repräsentanten jedes Kontinents.  Wie der Prophet sagte: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Meine wirklichen Freunde und Verbündeten ist nicht der Stamm so-und-so.  Sondern meine Freunde und Verbündeten sind all die Frommen, wo auch immer sie sein mögen.” (Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>, <\/em>Sahieh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(teil 3 von 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Für diese universale Bruderschaft, die der Islam lehrt, haben sich die Gefährten des Propheten nach ihm eingesetzt.  Als der Gefährte Ubada bin as-Samit eine Delegation nach Muqawqis anführte, rief der Partiarch von Alexandria aus: ´Bringt diesen Schwarzen von mir weg und lasst anstatt dessen einen anderen mit mir reden!  Wie könnt ihr damit einverstanden sein, dass ein schwarzer Mann euer Anführer ist?  Wäre es nicht passender, wenn er unter euch stände?´  ´In der Tat nicht!´antworteten Ubadas Kameraden, ´obwohl er schwarz ist, wie du siehst, ist er doch der beste von uns was seinen Rang, seine Intelligenz und seine Weisheit angeht; denn Schwarze werden bei uns nicht geringgeschätzt.´ <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Die Gläubigen sind ja Brüder…” (Quran 49:10)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Es ist die Ha\u011f\u011f oder Pilgerfahrt nach Mekka, die das ultimative Symbol der Einheit und Brüderlichkeit unter den Menschen bildet.  Hier stehen und beugen sich Reiche und Arme aller Nationen in einer Einheit vor Gott – die größte Versammlung der Menschheit; bezeugt die Worte des Propheten, als er sagte:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ein Araber hat weder einen Vorrang vor einem Nicht-Araber, noch hat ein Nicht-Araber einen Vorrang vor einem Araber; Weiß hat keinen Vorrang vor Schwarz, noch hat Schwarz irgendeinen Vorrang vor Weiß; [niemand ist einem anderen überlegen] außer in der Gottesfurcht und in guter Tat.” (Ahmad<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Und dies wird im Qur´an bestätigt: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“O ihr Menschen, Wir haben euch aus Mann und Frau erschaffen und euch zu Völkern und Stämmen gemacht, auf dass ihr einander erkennen möget.  Wahrlich, vor Gott ist von euch der Angesehenste, welcher der Gottesfürchtigste ist...” (Quran 49:13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Was Nationalismus betrifft, mit seinem Aufspalten der Muslime in ethnische und tribunale Linien, er wird als schlechte Erneuerung betrachtet. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Wenn eure Väter und eure Söhne und eure Brüder und eure Frauen und eure Verwandten und das Vermögen, das ihr euch erworben habt, und der Handel, dessen Niedergang ihr fürchtet, und die Wohnstätten, die ihr liebt, euch lieber sind als Gott und Sein Gesandter und die Anstrengung für Seine Sache, dann wartet, bis Gott mit Seiner Entscheidung kommt; und Gott weist den Ungehorsamen nicht den Weg.” (Quran 9:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Prophet sagte:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“... wer auch immer unter dem Banner des Dummen kämpft, wird fanatisch, ruft zum Stammesbewußtsein auf oder unterstützt das Stammesbewußtsein und stirbt: dann stirbt er den Tod der \u011eahiliyya (d.h. der vor\/islamischen Unwissenheit und des Unglaubens).” (Sahieh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Qur´an sagt ferner: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Als die Ungläubigen in ihren Herzen Parteilichkeit hegten – die Parteilichkeit der \u011eahiliyya – sandte Gott auf Seinen Gesandten und auf die Gläubigen Seine Ruhe hinab...” (Quran 48:26)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Tatsächlich bilden die Muslime einen einzigen Körper und eine Über-Nation, wie der Prophet erklärte:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Die Parabel von den Gläubigen in ihrer gegenseitigen Liebe und Gnade ist wie die eines lebendigen Körpers: wenn ein Teil schmerzt leidet der ganze Körper unter Schlaflosigkeit und Fieber.” (Sahieh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Qur´an bestätigt diese Einheit:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und so machten Wir euch (die Gläubigen) zu einer (einzigen) Gemeinde von redlicher Gesinnung…” (Quran 2:143)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Möglicherweise ist der Trugschluss, der Islam sei hauptsächlich eine Religion für den Orient oder für dunkelhäutige Menschen, eine der größten Barrieren für Leute aus dem Westen, den Islam zu akzeptieren.  Ohne Zweifel haben die rassistischen Ungerechtigkeiten gegenüber zahlreichen Schwarzen, seien es abessinische Sklaven im vor-islamischen Arabien oder Afroamerikaner im 20.Jahrhundert gewesen, dazu geführt, dass viele von ihnen den Islam angenommen haben.  Aber dies nur nebenbei.  Der Prophet Muhammad hatte selbst eine helle Hautfarbe, die seine Gefährten als: \"weiß und rosig\" bezeichneten – eine Beschreibung, welche viele Millionen von gläubigen Arabern, Berbern und Persern teilen.  Sogar blauäugige Blonde sind unter den Völkern des Nahen Ostens keine Seltenheit.  Außerdem haben Europäer mehr Ähnlichkeiten mit weißen Muslimen als mit ´farbigen´ Einwanderern.  Die Bosnier beispielsweise, deren Zahl am Ende des 20.Jahrhundert stark dezimiert wurde, haben aufgrund ihres Heroismus und ihrer Tradition fast im gesamten Balkan den Frieden und die Stabilität gefördert.  Und auch die Albaner, die von Europas Illyriern abstammten, sind ebenfalls zum größten Teil Muslime.  Tatsächlich war einer der führenden Gelehrten des 20.Jahrhunderts - Imam Muhammad Nasir-ud-Dien al-Albani - wie sein Name andeutet, Albaner.    <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Wahrlich, Wir haben den Menschen in bester Form erschaffen.” (Quran 95:4)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die Weißen wurden, seitdem die Anthropologen das Kaukasusgebirge, Europas höchsten Punkt, zur ´Wiege der weißen Rasse´ erklärten, ´Kaukasier´genannt.  Jetzt sind die Bewohner dieser Berge Muslime.  Es gibt zahlreiche wenig bekannte Stämme unbändiger Bergbewohner und anständiger Frauen, sie sind berühmt für ihren Mut und ihre Schönheit und als mamelukische Herrscher über Syrien und Ägypten herfielen, halfen sie dabei, die zivilisierte Welt zu verteidigen und die Heiligen Stätten vor den Raubzügen der Mongolenhorden zu beschützen.  Dann gibt es dort die rohen Tschetschenen, vermutlich die unbequemsten von allen Geschöpfen Gottes, deren Beharrlichkeit und Widerstandsfähigkeit ihnen dabei half, dem Schicksal vieler anderer Stämme zu entgehen.  Mittlerweile bezeugen über 1 000 000 Amerikaner und nordeuropäische kaukasische Weiße – Angelsachsen, Franken, Germanen, Skandinaven und Kelten eingeschlossen – den Islam.  In der Tat ist der Islam noch vor dem Christentum friedlich in Teile Europas eingezogen, als: ´vor langen Zeiten die russischen Slaven noch nicht begonnen hatten, christliche Kirchen zu bauen oder diese Stätten im Namen der europäischen Zivilisation zu erobern, hörte der Bulgare an den Ufern der Wolga und der Kama bereits Qur´an.’ (Solov’ev, 1965) [Am 16.Mai 922 wurde der Islam zur öffentlichen Staatsreligion der Wolga Bulgaren, mit denen die heutigen Bulgaren die gemeinsamen Vorfahren teilen.]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Jeder Glaube neben dem Islam ruft dazu auf, in irgendeiner Form, Art oder Weise die Schöpfung anzubeten.  Darüberhinaus spielt eine bestimmte Rasse und Farbe eine zentrale und trennende Rolle in fast allen nicht-islamischen Glaubenssystemen.  Bei der christlichen Vergöttlichung von Jesus oder der buddhistischen Vergöttlichung Buddhas oder des Dalai Lamas werden Menschen einer bestimmten Rasse und Farbe anstatt Gott oder mit Gott angebetet.  Im Judentum bleibt die Erlösung Nichtjuden vorenthalten.  Das hinduistische Kastensystem schränkt das spirituelle, gesellschaftlich-politische und wirtschaftliche Streben der ´unreinen´ niedrigeren Kasten ein.  Der Islam jedoch bemüht sich, zu vereinen und alle die Geschöpfe der Welt auf die Einheit und Einzigkeit ihres Schöpfers zu konzentrieren.  Daher befreit allein der Islam alle Völker, Rassen und Hautfarben in der Anbetung des Einen Gottes. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und unter Seinen Zeichen sind die Schöpfung der Himmel und der Erde und die (wunderbare) Verschiedenheit der Sprachen und Farben.  Hierin sind wahrlich Zeichen für die Wissenden.” (Quran 30:22)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u0411\u0438\u043b\u044f\u043b\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u0431\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0431 \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u0431\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0411\u0438\u043b\u044f\u043b\u044c. \u0422\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430, \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0411\u0438\u043b\u044f\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0438\u043d-\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0446\u0430, \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0411\u0438\u043b\u044f\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f. \u041f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0410\u0431\u0443 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0443.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0411\u0438\u043b\u044f\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0443\u044d\u0434\u0437\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c - \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0443, \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0410\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0411\u0438\u043b\u044f\u043b\u044c. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u043d \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0443\u044d\u0434\u0437\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u041c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0430...” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 17:70)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> \u0418\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0441, \u0421\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> \u0427\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u044f \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432, 5:15.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[5]<\/a> \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b: «…\u042f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0431\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0432\u0446\u0430\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0418\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430». (\u0415\u0432. \u043e\u0442 \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0444\u0435\u044f 15:24) \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0435\u043c. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0438, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0430\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435: «\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f \u041e\u0442\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u0421\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0430\u0433\u043e <\/sup>\u0414\u0443\u0445\u0430…»  (\u0415\u0432. \u043e\u0442 \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0444\u0435\u044f 28:19) \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0443 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0422\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0446\u044b, \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 16 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 «\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b».<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[6]<\/a> \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[7]<\/a> «\u041c\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430: «\u041f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0443 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0442\u0430!»» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 16:36)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2 \u0438\u0437 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\u0421\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0421\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0417\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 «\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b».  \u0421\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0443 \u0442\u043e \u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443-\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445\u0443, \u0442\u043e \u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443. \u0418, \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0435\u043c\u0443: «\u041e \u0441\u044b\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0439! \u042f \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043c\u044b. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430. \u0418 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0410\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0430\u043c\u0430»<\/em>. \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u044e, \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0443\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c, \u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c. \u0421\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u041e\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a - \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u044f\u0442:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“…\u041e\u043d – \u0422\u043e\u0442, \u041a\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b. \u041e\u043d \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0430\u044f\u0442\u044b, \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u041f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0410 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043a \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c. \u041e\u043d – \u041c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u041c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u044b\u0439”. (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 62:2-3)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u0447\u043e \u0421\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u0414\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0412\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0443 (\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434) \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0438\u044f \u041f\u043b\u0435\u044f\u0434, \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 (\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432) \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433 \u0435\u0433\u043e.” (\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u041c\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439\u0431 - \u0412\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0446<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u0421\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439\u0431 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438[1]<\/a>.  \u0412 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c, \u0421\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439\u0431 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0412\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0432, \u0421\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439\u0431 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u041c\u0435\u043a\u043a\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0435. \u0412\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0446\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 «\u0430\u0440-\u0420\u0443\u043c\u0438» - «\u0412\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0446», \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0412\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0445. \u0423\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0421\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439\u0431 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041c\u0435\u043a\u043a\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c, \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u0437\u0434 \u0432 \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442. \u0412 \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0434\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u044f: «\u0422\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043b \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0443, \u043e, \u0421\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439\u0431! \u0422\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043b \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0443!» \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0435 \u0421\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0430, \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433 \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“ \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430. \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043c.” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 2:207)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u043b \u0421\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b \u0412\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0421\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0445\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444 \u041e\u043c\u0430\u0440 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0430\u043b\u044c-\u0425\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0431, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0421\u0430\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430, \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439-\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u0415\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434, \u043a \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0418\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u0438 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0442, \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043c, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0435\u043c, \u0418\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0425\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0439\u043d \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0421\u0430\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430. \u0425\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0439\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0434\u0430\u043b \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f – \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0430 (\u0440\u0430\u0431 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430), \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0420\u0430\u0435\u043c. \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0421\u0430\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u044f\u043c, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: «\u041e \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0438, \u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u043e, \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0451\u043b \u043a \u0432\u0430\u043c \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434. \u041a\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0441\u044c \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u044b \u0436\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0432 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0435. \u042f \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u044e \u0435\u043c\u0443, \u0438 \u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e \u0435\u0433\u043e…» \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u044f\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0431 \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0435:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438: «\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0430 \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e? \u0421\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0418\u0441\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 (\u0418\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u044f) \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0435\u043c\u0443, \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0430 \u0432\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c. \u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432!»” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 46:10)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043c\u044b \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0418\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b: «\u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u041d\u0435\u0442! \u041c\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438».<\/strong> (\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438, \u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u041c\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> \u0418\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0421\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0418\u0431\u043d \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043a \u0430\u043b\u044c-\u041d\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0440\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0410\u0431\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0430. (\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 3 \u0438\u0437 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0445 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u043a \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0423\u0431\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0430\u0441-\u0421\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b \u043a \u041c\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0443, \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0443\u043b: «\u042f \u043d\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e… \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e?! \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e?!» «\u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043d\u0435\u0442!» - \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0438 \u0423\u0431\u0430\u0434\u044b. «\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438, \u043e\u043d, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438\u0431\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438…»<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “ \u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 – \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f...” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 49:10)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436 - \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u041c\u0435\u043a\u043a\u0443 – \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u044f\u0434\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044f\u0441\u044c \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “\u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0432; \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.” (\u0410\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0434<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u041e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438! \u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u041c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430, \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0441 – \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439. \u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 – \u0417\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439, \u0412\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439…” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 49:13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438: «\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0446\u044b, \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0441\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f, \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f, \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438, \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u043c, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445, \u0415\u0433\u043e \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438, \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439»”. (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 9:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“... \u0422\u043e\u0442, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430,  \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c: \u0443\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d (\u0434\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e) \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. ” (\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u041c\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u0412\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c – \u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0430 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0445 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438) \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430). \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e. \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043e \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438...” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 48:26)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043b \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0432\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443 \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443: \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e…” (\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u041c\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u041c\u044b \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0441 (\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445) \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b...” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 2:143)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439  \u0438\u0437 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0445, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u0431\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u0430\u0444\u0440\u043e-\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d, \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0411\u043b\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0436 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u0410 \u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c «\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445» \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0439\u0446\u044b, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0410\u043b\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0446\u044b, \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0446\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0418\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041a \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0438\u043c\u0430\u043c \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0434-\u0414\u0438\u043d \u0430\u043b\u044c-\u0410\u043b\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0430\u043b\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437, \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u043e\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432 – \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e-\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043c\u043b\u044e\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0421\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 – \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b – \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u0418\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043c, \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b – \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043a\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043a\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043e\u0432 – \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c. \u0423\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: «\u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u041e\u043a\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0445 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u041a\u0430\u043c\u044b…» (\u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0421.\u041c., 1965) [16 \u043c\u0430\u044f 922 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438.]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u044b\u043c. \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041b\u0430\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u0418 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c. \u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0418\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u044f\u043c. \u0418\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 «\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0445» \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0442. \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“ \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 – \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0441 \u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c – \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c”. (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 30:22)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":17019,"lft":762,"rght":763,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-03T18:46:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T18:29:53.000000Z","language_id":5,"user_id":5,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":492,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-03","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-The United Colors of Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-The United Colors of Islam.docx"},{"id":497,"title":"As Cores Unidas do Isl\u00e3","slug":"as-cores-unidas-do-isl","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-The United Colors of Islam.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-The United Colors of Islam.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:as-cores-unidas-do-isl","hint":"","body":"

As Cores Unidas do Islã<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Bilal, o Abissínio<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Um dos primeiros a aceitar o Islã foi um escravo abissínio chamado Bilal.  Tradicionalmente os negros africanos eram um povo inferior aos olhos dos árabes, que achavam que eles tinham pouco uso além da diversão e escravidão.  Quando Bilal abraçou o Islã seu mestre pagão o torturou brutalmente no deserto escaldante até que Abu Bakr, o amigo mais próximo do Profeta, o resgatou comprando sua liberdade.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Profeta nomeou Bilal para chamar os crentes para a oração.  O athan<\/em> ouvido dos minaretes em todos os cantos do mundo desde então, ecoa as mesmas palavras exatas recitadas por Bilal.  Assim, aquele que antes era escravo humilde conquistou a honra única de ser o primeiro muezim do Islã.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“E de fato honramos os filhos de Adão…” (Alcorão 17:70)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Os românticos ocidentais aclamam a antiga Grécia como o berço da democracia.[4]<\/a>  A realidade era que, como escravos e mulheres, a vasta maioria dos atenienses tinham negado o direito de eleger seus governantes.  Ainda assim, o Islã ordenou que um servo pudesse ser um governante!  O Profeta respondeu:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Obedeça a seu governante mesmo que seja um escravo abissínio.” (Ahmad<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> A Bíblia concorda.  Relata-se que Jesus disse: “Fui enviado para as ovelhas perdidas da Casa de Israel”. (Mateus 15:245). Assim, cada um de seus famosos doze discípulos era um judeu israelita.  A única passagem bíblica na qual Jesus lhes diz para: “Vão e preguem a todas as nações, batizando-as em nome do Pai, do Filho e do Espírito Santo.” (Mateus 28:19), comumente citada para provar a missão gentílica e também a Trindade, não é encontrada em qualquer manuscrito anterior ao século 16, e é considerada “uma fraude piedosa.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Um dos nomes de Muhammad, que Deus o louve.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> E enviamos para todas as nações um mensageiro (dizendo): Adorai a Deus somente e afastai-vos das falsas divindades. (Alcorão 16:36)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> A democracia é uma invenção do Oriente Médio, vista pela primeira vez na civilização de Ebla no terceiro milênio AC e então na Fenícia e Mesopotâmica durante o século 11 AC.  Não apareceu em Atenas até o décimo-quinto século AC.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(parte 2 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Salman, o Persa<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Como a maioria de seus conterrâneos, Salman foi educado como um zoroastrino devoto.  Entretanto, após um encontro com alguns cristãos em adoração, ele aceitou o Cristianismo como “algo melhor”.  Salman então viajou extensivamente em busca de conhecimento, do serviço de um monge sábio a outro, o último deles disse: “Ó filho! Não conheço ninguém que tenha o mesmo credo que nós. Entretanto, o tempo da emergência de um Profeta está próximo. Este Profeta é da religião de Abraão.”<\/em> O monge então prosseguiu descrevendo esse profeta, seu caráter e onde ele apareceria.  Salman migrou para a Arábia, a terra da profecia, e quando ouviu sobre Muhammad e o encontrou, imediatamente o reconheceu a partir das descrições de seu mestre e abraçou o Islã.  Salman se tornou renomado por seu conhecimento e foi a primeira pessoa a traduzir o Alcorão em outro idioma, o persa.   Uma vez, enquanto o Profeta estava entre seus Companheiros, o seguinte lhe foi revelado:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ele foi Quem escolheu, entre os iletrados, um Mensageiro da sua estirpe, para ditar-lhes os Seus versículos, consagrá-los e ensinar-lhes o Livro e a sabedoria, porque antes estavam em evidente erro. E ensinar aos outros (não-árabes) que o sucederão, porque Ele é o Poderoso, o Prudentíssimo.” (Alcorão 62:2-3)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Mensageiro de Deus então colocou sua mão sobre Salman e disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Mesmo que a Fé estivesse próxima das estrelas de Plêiades, um homem dentre esses (persas) certamente a alcançaria.” (Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Suhaib, o Romano<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Suhaib nasceu de forma privilegiada na casa luxuosa de seu pai, que era um governador dependente do imperador persa.  Enquanto era criança Suhaib foi capturado pelos invasores bizantinos e vendido como escravo em Constantinopla.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Suhaib finalmente escapou da escravidão e fugiu para Meca, um local popular de refúgio, onde logo se tornou um mercador próspero apelidado de “ar-Rumi”, o romano, devido ao seu idioma e educação bizantinos.  Quando Suhaib ouviu Muhammad pregar, foi imediatamente convencido da verdade de sua mensagem e abraçou o Islã.  Como todos os primeiros muçulmanos, Suhaib foi perseguido pelos pagãos de Meca.  Então ele negociou toda sua riqueza em troca de passagem segura para se unir ao Profeta em Medina, onde o Profeta, satisfeito ao ver Suhaib, o saudou três vezes: “Seu negócio deu frutos, Ó Suhaib! Seu negócio deu frutos!” Deus tinha informado ao Profeta da proeza de Suhaib antes de se reunirem com essa revelação:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Entre os homens há também aquele que se sacrifica para obter a complacência de Deus, porque Deus é Compassivo para com os servos.” (Alcorão 2:207)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Profeta amava muito Suhaib e o descreveu como tendo precedido a entrada dos romanos ao Islã.  A piedade e reputação de Suhaib entre os primeiros muçulmanos eram tão elevadas que quando o Califa Omar estava em seu leito de morte, ele selecionou Suhaib para liderá-los até que chegassem a um acordo sobre um sucessor.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Abdullah, o Hebreu<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Os judeus eram outra nação que os árabes preislâmicos menosprezavam.  Muitos judeus e cristãos esperavam um novo profeta aparecer na Arábia durante o tempo do Profeta Muhammad.  Os judeus da tribo Levita, em particular, tinham se estabelecido em grandes números nos arredores da cidade de Medina.  Entretanto, quando o Profeta muito antecipado veio, não como um hebreu filho de Israel, mas como o árabe descendente de Ismael, os judeus o rejeitaram.  Exceto por uns poucos, como Hussein bin Salam.  Hussein era o rabino mais erudito e líder dos judeus medinenses, mas foi denunciado e vilificado por eles quando abraçou o Islã.  O Profeta renomeou Hussein como “Abdullah”, que significa “Servo de Deus”, e deu a ele as boas novas de que estava destinado ao Paraíso.  Abdullah se dirigiu aos homens de sua tribo dizendo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ó assembléia de judeus! Tenham consciência de Deus e aceitem o que Muhammad trouxe. Por Deus! Certamente sabem que ele é Mensageiro de Deus e podem encontrar profecias sobre ele e a menção de seu nome e características em sua Torá. De minha parte declaro que ele é o Mensageiro de Deus. Tenho fé nele e acredito que ele é verdadeiro. Eu o reconheço.” Deus revelou o seguinte sobre Abdullah:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Se (o Alcorão) emana de Deus e vós o negais, e mesmo um israelita confirma a sua autenticidade e nele crê, vós (judeus) vos ensoberbeceis!” (Alcorão 46:10)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Assim, entre os Companheiros do Profeta Muhammad podiam ser encontrados africanos, persas, romanos e israelitas, representantes de cada continente conhecido.  Como o Profeta disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“De fato, meus amigos e aliados não são dessa e daquela tribo. Ao invés disso, meus amigos e aliados são os piedosos, onde quer que estejam.” (Saheeh Al-Bukhari, Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (parte 3 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Essa irmandade universal pregada pelo Islã foi advogada pelos Companheiros do Profeta depois dele.  Quando o Companheiro Ubada bin as-Samit liderou uma delegação a Muqawqis, o patriarca cristão de Alexandria, o último exclamou: “Tire esse negro de minha frente e traga outro para falar comigo! ... Como podem ficar satisfeitos que um negro seja o mais destacado entre vocês? Não é mais adequado que ele esteja abaixo de vocês?” “De fato, não!” responderam os companheiros de Ubada, “Embora seja negro como se pode ver, ele é o mais destacado entre nós em posição, inteligência e sabedoria, porque o negro não é desprezado entre nós.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Em verdade, os crentes são irmãos uns dos outros...” (Alcorão 49:10)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

É o Hajj, ou peregrinação a Meca, que permanece o símbolo supremo da unidade e irmandade do homem.  Aqui, ricos e pobres de todas as nações ficam de pé e se curvam em uníssono perante Deus no que é a maior congregação da humanidade, testemunhando as palavras do Profeta quando ele disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Na verdade não existe excelência de um árabe sobre um não-árabe ou de um não-árabe sobre um árabe; ou de um branco sobre um negro ou de um negro sobre um branco, exceto em piedade.” (Ahmad<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

E isso confirma o Alcorão, que diz:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ó humanos! Nós vos criamos de macho e fêmea e vos dividimos em povos e tribos, para reconhecerdes uns aos outros. Sabei que o mais honrado, dentre vós, ante Deus, é o mais temente. Sabei que Deus é Sapientíssimo e está bem inteirado.” (Alcorão 49:13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Quanto ao nacionalismo, com sua divisão de muçulmanos em linhas étnicas ou tribais, é considerado uma inovação prejudicial.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Se vossos pais, vossos filhos, vossos irmãos, vossas esposas, vossa tribo, os bens que tenhais adquirido, o comércio, cuja estagnação temeis, e as casas nas quais residis, são-vos mais queridos do que Deus e Seu Mensageiro, bem como a luta por Sua causa, aguardai, até que Deus venha cumprir os Seus desígnios. Sabei que Ele não ilumina os rebeldes.”<\/strong> <\/strong>(Alcorão 9:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Profeta disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“... quem quer que lute sob a bandeira do subterfúgio, ficando furioso por causa do nacionalismo, conclamando ao nacionalismo ou dando apoio ao nacionalismo e morre, morre a morte da jahiliyah (ou seja ignorância e descrença preislâmicas).” (Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ao invés disso, o Alcorão diz:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Enquanto os descrentes fomentaram o fanatismo - fanatismo da idolatria - em seus corações Deus infundiu o sossego em Seu Mensageiro e nos crentes...” (Alcorão 48:26)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

De fato, os muçulmanos constituem um único corpo e supranação, como o Profeta explicou:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“A parábola dos crentes em seu amor e misericórdia mútuos é como a de um corpo vivo: se uma parte sente dor, o corpo inteiro sofre, sem dormir e com febre.” (Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Alcorão confirma essa unidade:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“E, deste modo, (ó muçulmanos), constituí-vos em uma nação equilibrada...”  (Alcorão 2:143)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Talvez uma das maiores barreiras à aceitação do Islã da parte muitos ocidentais seja a falácia de que é uma religião primariamente para orientais ou pessoas de pele escura.  Sem dúvida, injustiças raciais contra muitos negros, sejam escravos abissínios da Arábia preislâmica ou os afroamericanos do século 20, fez com que muitos abraçassem o Islã.  Mas isso não vem ao caso.  O próprio Profeta Muhammad era de complexão clara, descrito por seus Companheiros como sendo “branco e rosado” – uma descrição que muitas dezenas de milhões de árabes, berberes e persas crentes compartilham.  Até louros de olhos azuis não são tão raros entre os habitantes do Oriente Próximo.  Além disso, a Europa tem mais muçulmanos brancos nativos do que seus imigrantes “de cor”.  Os bósnios, por exemplo, que foram dizimados no final do século 20, mas que devido ao seu heroísmo e tradição de tolerância contribuíram muito para a paz e estabilidade dos Bálcãs.  Os albaneses, descendentes dos antigos ilírios da Europa, também são majoritariamente muçulmanos.  De fato, um destacado sábio muçulmano do século 20, Imame Muhammad Nasir-ud-Deen al-Albani, era, como seu título sugere, albanês.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Em verdade, criamos os humanos na melhor das formas.” (Alcorão 5:4)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Brancos têm sido chamados de “caucasianos” desde que antropólogos declararam que as montanhas do Cáucaso, lar dos picos mais altos da Europa, o “Berço da Raça Branca.”  Hoje, os nativos dessas montanhas são muçulmanos.  Entre muitos, uma tribo menos conhecida de bravos montanheses e donzelas louras estão os circássios, famosos por sua bravura e beleza que, como os governantes mamelucos da Síria e Egito, ajudaram a defender o mundo civilizado e proteger suas terras sagradas dos ataques das hordas mongóis.  Então existem os chechenos brutalizados, questionavelmente as criaturas de Deus mais difíceis de controlar, cuja tenacidade e resistência têm ajudado a evitar que tenham o mesmo destino dos circássios.  Enquanto isso, mais de 1.000.000 de brancos caucasianos norte-europeus e americanos – anglo-saxões, francos, germanos, escandinavos e celtas incluídos – agora professam o Islã.  De fato, o Islã entrou de forma pacífica em partes da Europa antes do Cristianismo, quando: “Muito tempo atrás, quando os eslavos russos ainda não tinham começado a construir igrejas cristãs no Oka, nem conquistado esses lugares em nome da civilização européia, os protobúlgaros já ouviam o Alcorão nas margens do Volga e do Kama.” (Solov’ev, 1965) [Em 16 de maio de 922 o Islã se tornou a religião de estado oficial dos protobúlgaros do Volga, com os quais os búlgaros de hoje compartilham uma ancestralidade comum.]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Toda fé além do Islã chama para a adoração da criação de algum modo, aspecto ou forma.  Além disso, raça e cor desempenham um papel central e divisor em quase todos os sistemas de crença não-islâmicos.  Uma deificação cristã de Jesus e dos santos ou uma deificação budista de Buda e os dalai lamas têm pessoas de uma raça e cor particular sendo adorada em detrimento de Deus. No Judaísmo, a salvação é negada aos gentios não-judeus.  O sistema de castas do Hinduísmo, da mesma forma, restringe as aspirações econômicas, sociopolíticas e espirituais das castas mais baixas e “impuras”.  O Islã, entretanto, busca unir e unificar todas as criaturas do mundo com base na Unidade e Unicidade de seu Criador.  Sendo assim, somente o Islã libera todas as pessoas, raças e cores na adoração de Deus somente.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“E entre os Seus sinais está a criação dos céus e da terra, as variedades dos vossos idiomas e das vossas cores. Em verdade, nisto há sinais para os que discernem.” (Alcorão 30:22)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":17837,"lft":764,"rght":765,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-03T18:46:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:01:00.000000Z","language_id":15,"user_id":5,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":492,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-03","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-The United Colors of Islam.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-The United Colors of Islam.docx"},{"id":850,"title":"The Ones Who Perished","slug":"the-ones-who-perishedcc","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/53e9e6a2-970c-42b0-b238-2c9eb8adb1fd-en-The Ones Who Perished.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/53e9e6a2-33f8-43c8-8319-2c9eb8adb1fd-en-The Ones Who Perished.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:the-ones-who-perishedcc","hint":"","body":"

The Ones Who Perished<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

www.Quran.nu, (edited by IslamReligion.com)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

(part 1 of 2): The Fate of the People of Noah, Sheba, Iram and Salih<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

“Each one of them We seized for their crime: against some We sent a violent tornado, some were caught by a mighty blast; some we caused the earth to swallow up, and some We drowned It was not God Who wronged them, but they who wronged themselves.” (Quran 29:40)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Noah and the Ark<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

An archeological study found the above 500 foot-long boat-shaped formation atop Mount Judi[1]<\/a>, some 20 miles south of Mount Ararat (where the Bible places the Noah’s Ark).  It has horizontal deck-support timbers at consistent intervals and evenly-spaced indentations resembling decaying rib timbers.  Natural causes do not make such symmetrical formations!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And it was said: ‘O earth!  Swallow up your water,’ and ‘O sky!  Withhold (your rain).’  And it was said: And the water was made to subside, and God’s Decree was fulfilled.  And it (Noah’s Ark) came to rest upon (Mount) Judi...” (Quran 11:44)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n



<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

All the wicked peoples of the earth were drowned while believer and beast were carried with Noah in his Ark.  The ship remained intact upon Judi right until the dawn of Islam.  What has remained today is still a thing to behold.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Temple at Sheba<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Another people whose sins were answered with a devastating flood were the People of Saba’ (Sheba).  They turned away from the Creator, God, to worship others.  Now, all that remains of their once prosperous civilization (at Marib, Yemen) are the broken sluices of their dam, some Sabaean inscriptions, and the ruins of their temple.[2]<\/a>  (below).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Indeed, there was a sign for Sheba in their dwelling place: two gardens on the right and on the left.  (It was said to them,) ‘Eat of the provision of your Lord, and be grateful to Him, a fair land and an Oft-Forgiving Lord.’  But they turned away (from God and became corrupted).  So We sent against them the unleashed dam waters, and converted their gardens into gardens bearing bitter fruit and tamarisks, and a meager few lote-trees.  That is how We rewarded them because they were ungrateful.  And never do We reward in such a way except those who are ungrateful.” (Quran 34:15-17)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

Ad, Iram, and Ubar<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Did you not see how your Lord dealt with ‘Ad - (the people of) Iram of the pillars - the like of whom had not been created in the land <\/strong>(<\/strong>before)? (Quran 89:6-9)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

The ‘Ad were a nation of giants.  ‘Who is mightier than us in strength?!’  <\/strong>(Quran 41:15), they would boast, tyrannizing people with their huge size while the Prophet Hud would command them to fear God and be righteous.  For most historians, the story of Iram[3]<\/a>  was pure fable, a myth, an ‘Atlantis of the Sands.’<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

Until 1973, that is, when the 4,300 year-old city of Ebla was excavated in northern Syria.  Some 2,500 cuneiform clay tablets (above) <\/strong>were recovered from Ebla’s palace library, containing records of all the nations Ebla traded with, including one called ‘Iram’![4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“(Hud said to ‘Ad,) ‘Do you build monuments on every high place for amusement, and take yourselves palaces as if you will live therein forever?” (Quran 26:128-129)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

In 1992, using satellite images, the relics of a city correlating with the Quranic location and description of Iram were discovered deep beneath the desert on the edge of Oman.  The city’s wealth was evidenced by frankincense burners, Parthian pottery (above) <\/strong>and the 90cm-thick walls guarding them.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

Excavations also showed that the city met with a catastrophic end when it half-collapsed into a giant sinkhole, above which the ruins of a fortress and eight once-towering pillars still stand (above).  The ‘Ad were destroyed by a force of nature even fiercer than themselves.[5]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“So We sent to them a ferocious wind in evil days; that We might give them a taste of disgracing punishment in this world.  And the punishment of the Hereafter is more disgracing, and they will not be helped.” (Quran 41:16)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

The People of Thamud<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

“(Salih said to Thamud,) ‘Will you remain secure in what you have here?  In gardens and springs, well-tilled fields and date- palms heavy with fruit; and while you hew dwellings out of mountains with such great skill?” (Quran 26:146-149)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And to Thamud (We sent) their brother (Prophet) Salih.  He said: ‘O my people!  Worship God, you have no god (in truth) but Him.  He brought you forth from the earth and settled you therein.  So ask forgiveness of Him and turn to Him in repentance.  Certainly, my Lord is Near, Responsive.’  They said: ‘O Salih!  You had been among us as a figure of hope (as a future leader) till this (calling of yours to monotheism)!  Do you (now) forbid us the worship of what our fathers worshipped?  We are indeed in doubt as to that to which you invite us.” (Quran 11:61-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Prophet Muhammad passed by the ghost town of Madain Salih [ABOVE & BELOW]<\/strong>, cut from mountain rock by Thamud, saying:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Do not enter except that you are weeping, for this was a place of (divine) punishment.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Kindred to the Nabateans of Petra some 300 miles to their north, Thamud violently rejected Prophet Salih.  So God struck them with a sonic blast that killed them, but spared their homes:  A truly eerie sign for later generations.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> “‘Arkologists’ claim to have found Noah‘s Ark“, Martin Wroe.  The Observer<\/em> (London) 16 Jan 1994.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> (http:\/\/www.yobserver.com\/cgi-bin\/yobserver\/exec\/view.cgi\/1\/8902), (http:\/\/www.viewzone.com\/sheba.country.html), (http:\/\/www.ucalgary.ca\/UofC\/events\/unicomm\/NewsReleases\/queen.htm)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Also known as Ubar.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> Ebla: A Revelation in Archaeology<\/em>, Times Books, 1979, Wiedenfeld and Nicolson, Great Britain.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[5]<\/a> Around A.D. 300, a city called Ubar—a bustling center along the frankincense trade routes of ancient Arabia - mysteriously disappeared.  According to legend, the people of Ubar became greedy and corrupt, refusing to change their ways.  To punish them, God destroyed the city and erased all roads leading to it.  Ubar was lost for thousands of years, but the legend lived on in Bedouin campfire stories, the Quran, and Arabian Nights.  Many archaeologists believed the legend of Ubar was more than a tale, but searches for the lost city came up empty.  That is, until the 1990s when NASA satellites and radar aided the hunt.  NASA’s help proved to be the key to locating Ubar.  Images from Landsat and SPOT (Satellite Pour l‘Observation de la Terre) remote sensing satellites showed tracks through the desert, identified as old caravan routes.  These tracks converged at the village Al Shisr in the southwestern corner of Oman.  An expedition followed the tracks to the virtual “X” in the sand and began digging.  Discoveries of ancient pottery shards from distant lands, frankincense burners, and remains of a fortress confirmed the archaeologists’ suspicions—Ubar was real and its demise could be explained.  Indeed, the legend was right: Ubar met a catastrophic end.  Excavation revealed a giant limestone cavern beneath the fortress.  The city most likely was destroyed when a large portion of it collapsed into the chamber below.  Today, excavations continue to discover more about life along the frankincense road over 4,000 years ago. (by Marisa Larson, National Geographic Magazine<\/em>, http:\/\/magma.nationalgeographic.com\/ngm\/0304\/feature2\/index.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(part 2 of 2): The People of Moses and Lot<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

“Pharaoh said: ‘O Haman!  Build me a high tower that I may attain the means, the means of (reaching) the heavens; so that I may look to the God of Moses, for I do reckon him to be a liar!...” (Quran 40:36-37)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

For well over a thousand years, the only ‘Haman’ that was mentioned outside Islamic texts was a Babylonian courtier from the story of the Tower of Babel.  Academics derided his mention in the Quran, citing it as proof of Muhammad’s supposedly inaccurately borrowing from the bible; mixing up the Babylonian legend with the much earlier story of the Exodus.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Then, in 1799, one of Napoleon’s captains in Egypt discovered a dark grey-pinkish granite stone (above) in the port city of Rosetta.  He showed it to General Abdullah Jacques de Menou, a convert to Islam, who sent it off to Cairo to be studied.  The Rosetta Stone, which dated back to 196 BC, was inscribed in three scripts: Hieroglyphic, Demotic and Greek.  Its discovery meant that scholars the world over were finally able to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs.  One result was the decoding of an inscription on a Pharaonic stela from the Mosaic period in Vienna’s Hof-Museum.  Curiously, the name ‘Haman’ was inscribed on the stela[1]<\/a>, his given title: ‘chief of the stone quarry workers.’[2]<\/a>  Precisely the man whom a Pharaoh would ask to build a high tower!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And (We punished) Korah, Pharaoh and Haman.  And indeed Moses came to them with Clear Signs.  But they sought greatness in the land, while they could not outreach (the wrath from) Us.” (Quran 29:39)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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“So this day We shall deliver your body (from the sea) that you (Pharaoh) may be a sign to those who come after you!  And verily, many among mankind are heedless of Our Signs.” (Quran 10:92)[3]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And We turned (the cities of Sodom) upside down and rained down upon them stones of baked clay.  Surely, in this are signs for those who perceive.  And, verily, they were right on the road (from Mecca to Syria, where the Dead Sea is now).  Surely, therein is indeed a sign for the believers.” (Quran 15:74-77)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Prophet Lot was harmed by his people as he warned them against their homosexuality and oppression.  Until, finally, God rained missiles of baked clay upon the Sodomites; lifting their land up from underneath them and throwing it upside-down upon them.  The waters of the Dead Sea (above) filled the huge cavity that was left in the wake of the terrible destruction.  Today, only a few ruins (below) remain from the peoples who once thrived in the land.  A land that the sins of the Sodomites made into the lowest point on the face of the earth - in more ways than one!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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So read the Quran and take lesson from the stories of nations past; those who reached the pinnacle of civilization, amassing great wealth, power and prestige, only to be ungrateful and forget themselves and their Lord.  They became decadent and corrupt, arrogant and haughty, cruel and oppressive, as they turned to falsehoods and false gods.  God sent to them His Prophets, supported with miracles and revelation, to remind them of His Favors and to be dutiful to Him, and to be just and compassionate amongst themselves and creation at large.  But they disbelieved in spite of His Clear Signs.  They rejected their Prophets, mocked, scorned and abused them, even tried to kill them!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Finally, when they left neither hope nor excuse for themselves; when they hastened their own destruction by daring the One God to punish them; He did just that, and the earth was cleansed.  Not only do their relics serve as an admonition for us today, they also prove the divine origin of the Quran itself.  For none but a true Prophet of God, as Muhammad truly was, could have recited such details and with such certainty, except that he was inspired from above. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“For has the story not reached them of those before them?  The people of Noah, ‘Ad and Thamud… and the overthrown cities (of the Sodomites)?  Their Messengers came to them with clear proofs.  It was not God Who wronged them, but they who wronged themselves.” (Quran 9:70)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Walter Wreszinski, Aegyptische Inschriften aus dem K.K. Hof Museum in Wien, 1906, J. C. Hinrichs' sche Buchhandlung.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Hermann Ranke, Die Ägyptischen Personennamen, Verzeichnis der Namen, Verlag Von J. J. Augustin in Glückstadt, Band I, 1935, Band II, 1952.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> The above pictures are those of an Egyptian mummy, supposed to be that of the Pharaoh drowned in the Red Sea. For further studies: Mummies of the Pharaohs: Modern Medical Investigations. By Maurice Bucaille. Translated by Alastair D. Pannell and the author. Illustrated. 236 pp. New York: St. Martin's Press.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Ceux qui ont péri<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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 (partie 1 de 2) : Le sort des peuples de Noé, de Saba’, d’Iram et de Salih<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 « Nous saisîmes chacun d’eux pour ses péchés.  Il y en eut sur qui Nous envoyâmes un ouragan, tandis que d’autres furent saisis par un grondement sinistre.  Puis il y en eut que Nous fîmes engloutir par la terre, et d’autres que Nous noyâmes.  Mais ce n’est pas Dieu qui leur fit du tort; ils se firent plutôt du tort à eux-mêmes. » (Coran 29:40)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Noé et son arche<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

www. Quran.nu, (edited by IslamReligion.com)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Des recherches archéologiques ont permis de découvrir cette formation (ci-dessus) d’une longueur de 500 pieds, en forme de bateau, au sommet du Mont Joudi[1]<\/a>, à environ 20 miles au sud du Mont Ararat (où la Bible décrit l’emplacement de l’arche de Noé).  On y trouve des poutres supportant un pont, disposées à intervalles réguliers, de même que des marques régulières ressemblant à des pans de bois pourris.  Des causes naturelles ne provoquent pas des formations aussi symétriques.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Puis, il fut dit : « Ô terre, absorbe ton eau!  Et toi, ciel, cesse de pleuvoir! »  L’eau baissa, l’ordre fut exécuté et l’arche se posa sur le (mont) Joudi. »  (Coran 11:44)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n



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Toutes les mauvaises personnes de la terre furent noyées, tandis que les croyants et les animaux furent sauvés dans l’arche de Noé.  Le navire demeura intact, sur le Mont Joudi, jusqu’à l’aube de l’islam.  Et ce qui en reste, aujourd’hui, demeure une chose extraordinaire à voir.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le temple de Saba’<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Un autre peuple dont les péchés furent rétribués par un déluge dévastateur est le peuple de Saba’, qui s’était détourné de Dieu, son Créateur, pour adorer d’autres divinités.  Maintenant, tout ce qui reste de cette civilisation jadis prospère (à Marib, au Yémen) sont ses écluses brisées, quelques inscriptions sabéennes et les ruines de son temple (voir photo ci-dessous).[2]<\/a>  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Il y avait assurément un signe, pour la tribu de Saba’, dans leur habitat : deux jardins s’étendant l’un à droite et l’autre à gauche.  « Mangez de ce que votre Seigneur vous a attribué et soyez-Lui reconnaissants [de] votre bonne contrée et [d’un] Seigneur indulgent. »  Mais ils se montrèrent rebelles; alors Nous déchaînâmes contre eux un déluge provenant de digues rompues et transformâmes ainsi leurs deux jardins en deux étendues n’offrant plus que des fruits amers, des tamaris et quelques jujubiers.  Ainsi les avons-Nous rétribués pour leur ingratitude.  Nous arrive-t-il jamais de punir de la sorte qui que ce soit d’autre à part les ingrats? » (Coran 34:15-17)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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 ‘Aad, Iram et Oubar<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

 « N’as-tu pas vu comment ton Seigneur a sévi contre (la tribu des) ‘Aad, contre Iram, [la cité] aux colonnes remarquables dont jamais pareille ne fut construite de par le monde? » (Coran 89:6-9)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Les ‘Aad étaient une nation de géants.  « Ils disaient : « Quel peuple est plus fort et plus puissant que nous? »<\/strong>  (Coran 41:15)  Ils s’enorgueillaient et tyrannisaient les gens, tandis que le prophète Houd leur enjoignait de craindre Dieu et de suivre le droit chemin.  Pour la plupart des historiens, l’histoire de la cité d’Iram[3]<\/a> fut longtemps une pure fable, un mythe, un « Atlantis du désert ».<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Jusqu’en 1973, année où des archéologues mirent à jour la cité d’Ebla, en Syrie, une cité vieille de 4300 ans.  Ils trouvèrent, dans la bibliothèque du palais d’Ebla, près de 2500 tablettes cunéiformes contenant les archives de toutes les nations avec lesquelles Ebla avait fait des échanges commerciaux, incluant une ville nommée Iram![4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « [Houd dit à son peuple] : « Construisez-vous sur chaque hauteur un monument par pur divertissement ?  Et érigez-vous des forteresses dans l’espoir de vivre éternellement? » (Coran 26:128-129)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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En 1992, à l’aide d’images satellites, les vestiges d’une cité dont l’emplacement et la description correspondent aux références d’Iram faites dans le Coran furent découverts, profondément enfouis sous le sable du désert, en bordure d’Oman.  La richesse de la cité apparut tout de suite évidente de par la présence de brûleurs d’encens, de poterie parthiène (ci-dessus) et de murs d’une épaisseur de 90 cm l’entourant de toutes parts.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Des excavations permirent également de comprendre que la cité avait connu une fin catastrophique lorsqu’elle s’effondra à demie dans une doline, au-dessus de laquelle les ruines d’une forteresse et huit piliers se trouvent encore (ci-dessus).  Les ‘Aad furent détruits par une force infiniment plus grande que celle qu’ils croyaient posséder.[5]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Alors Nous déchaînâmes contre eux un vent violent durant des jours néfastes, afin de leur faire goûter à un châtiment humiliant en ce monde.  Le châtiment de l’au-delà, cependant, sera encore plus humiliant, et ils ne seront point secourus. » (Coran 41:16)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Les Thamoud<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

 « [Salih dit à son peuple, les Thamoud] : « Vous laissera-t-on jouir de votre présente situation en toute sécurité, parmi des jardins et des sources, des cultures et des palmiers chargés de fruits?  Et vous taillez habilement des demeures à même les montagnes… » (Coran 26:146-149)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Et Nous avons envoyé (à la tribu des) Thamoud leur frère Salih.  Il (leur) dit : « Ô mon peuple!  Adorez Dieu; vous n’avez point de divinité en dehors de Lui.  De la terre Il vous a créés, et Il vous y a installés pour la peupler.  Implorez donc Son pardon et repentez-vous à Lui.  Mon Seigneur est tout proche et Il répond toujours (à vos invocations). »  Ils répondirent : « Ô Salih!  Tu étais auparavant un espoir pour nous.  Nous demandes-tu de ne plus adorer ce qu’adoraient nos ancêtres?  Ce à quoi tu nous appelles nous jette, certes, dans un doute plein d’inquiétude. »  (Coran 11:61-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) passa, une fois, par la ville fantôme de Madayn Salih (photos ci-dessus et ci-dessous), taillée à même le roc, par les Thamoud, et il dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « N’y entrez qu’en pleurant, car cet endroit est un lieu de châtiment divin. »<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Apparentés aux Nabatéens de Petra, qui habitaient à près de 300 miles au nord, les Thamoud s’étaient violemment opposés au prophète Salih.  Alors Dieu les élimina par un Cri terrible, un bruit si puissant qu’il les tua sur-le-champ.  Seules leurs habitations furent épargnées, afin qu’elles servent de signes aux générations futures.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> “‘Arkologists’ claim to have found Noah‘s Ark“, (Des archéologues affirment avoir trouvé l’arche de Noé), Martin Wroe.  The Observer<\/em> (London) 16 Jan 1994.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> (http:\/\/www.yobserver.com\/cgi-bin\/yobserver\/exec\/view.cgi\/1\/8902), (http:\/\/www.viewzone.com\/sheba.country.html), (http:\/\/www.ucalgary.ca\/UofC\/events\/unicomm\/NewsReleases\/queen.htm)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Aussi connue sous le nom d’Oubar.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> Ebla: A Revelation in Archaeology<\/em>, (Ebla : une révélation en archéologie) Times Books, 1979, Wiedenfeld et Nicolson, Grande Bretagne.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[5]<\/a> Vers l’an 300 avant J.-C., une cité appelée Oubar – lieu très animé sis sur la route de l’encens de l’ancienne Arabie – disparut mystérieusement.  Selon la légende, le peuple d’Oubar était devenu cupide et corrompu et s’entêtait dans ses vices.  Pour les châtier, Dieu décida de détruire la cité et d’effacer toutes les routes menant à elle.  Oubar demeura perdue et inaccessible durant des milliers d’années, mais sa légende demeura vivante parmi les Bédouins, dans le Coran et dans les Mille et une nuits.  Plusieurs archéologues soupçonnaient toutefois que l’histoire d’Oubar était bien plus qu’une légende, mais leurs recherches pour la retrouver demeurèrent vaines.  Jusqu’en 1990, lorsque des satellites et des radars de la NASA les aidèrent dans leurs recherches.  Des images de Landsat et du satellite SPOT (Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre) permirent d’observer des chemins traversant le désert, qu’on identifia alors comme d’anciennes routes de caravanes.  Ces routes convergeaient vers le village d’Al-Shisr, dans le sud-ouest d’Oman.  Une expédition suivit ces routes menant au « X » virtuel, dans le sable, et commença à creuser à cet endroit.  La découverte de fragments de poteries provenant de contrées lointaines, de brûleurs d’encens et de vestiges d’une forteresse confirma les soupçons des archéologues : la ville d’Oubar avait bel et bien existé et il y avait une explication derrière sa disparition.  La légende se confirmait : Oubar avait effectivement connu une fin catastrophique.  Les excavations révélèrent une grotte calcaire géante, juste au-dessous de la forteresse.  Il est donc vraisemblable que la cité fut détruite lorsqu’elle s’effondra, en grande partie, dans l’espace au-dessous d’elle.  Aujourd’hui, les excavations permettent de découvrir encore de nouvelles informations sur la vie le long de la route de l’encens, il y a de cela 4000 ans.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(par Marisa Larson, National Geographic Magazine<\/em>, http:\/\/magma.nationalgeographic.com\/ngm\/0304\/feature2\/index.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ceux qui ont péri (partie 2 de 2) : Les peuples de Moïse et de Lot<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 « Alors Pharaon dit : « Ô Haman!  Bâtis-moi une tour; peut-être atteindrai-je les voies, les voies des cieux, et [peut-être] apercevrai-je le Dieu de Moïse, bien que je considère celui-ci comme un menteur. » (Coran 40:36-37)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Durant un peu plus de mille ans, le seul « Haman » qui était mentionné en-dehors des textes islamiques était un courtisan babylonien que l’on retrouvait dans l’histoire de la Tour de Babel.  Les intellectuels ridiculisaient sa mention, dans le Coran, et la citaient comme preuve démontrant que Mohammed aurait prétendument emprunté ses informations de la Bible, confondant au passage la légende babylonienne avec l’histoire de l’exode.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Puis, en 1799, un des capitaines de Napoléon, en Égypte, découvrit une pierre de granit de couleur gris foncé, avec des teintes de rose, dans la cité portuaire de Rosette.  Il la montra au général Abdoullah Jacques de Menou, un converti à l’islam, qui l’envoya au Caire pour être étudiée.  La pierre de Rosette, qui daterait de l’an 196 avant J.-C., porte trois versions d’un même texte en trois écritures : égyptien en hiéroglyphes, égyptien en écriture démotique et alphabet grec.  Sa découverte permit aux érudits du monde entier de déchiffrer, enfin, les hiéroglyphes égyptiens.  Par conséquent, ils purent également décoder, entre autres, l’inscription d’une stèle pharaonique datant de l’époque de la mosaïque, gardée au musée Hof de Vienne.  Étrangement, le nom « Haman » fut découvert, sur cette stèle[1]<\/a>, et ce « Haman » portait le titre de « chef des ouvriers de la carrière de pierres ».[2]<\/a>  Exactement le genre d’homme à qui Pharaon était susceptible d’avoir demandé de lui bâtir une tour élevée!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Coré, Pharaon et Haman [subirent le même sort].  Moïse leur avait apporté des preuves claires (du pouvoir suprême de Dieu), mais ils se montrèrent arrogants sur terre; et ils ne purent Nous échapper. » (Coran 29:39)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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« Nous allons aujourd’hui épargner ton corps afin que tu sois un signe pour ceux qui viendront après toi.  Mais en vérité,  beaucoup de gens ne prêtent aucune attention à Nos signes. » (Coran 10:92)[3]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Et Nous renversâmes [la ville de Sodome] de fond en comble et fîmes pleuvoir sur ses habitants des pierres d’argile.  Voilà vraiment des signes pour ceux qui savent observer.  [Cette ville] se trouvait sur un chemin (passant), connu de tous.  Voilà vraiment un signe pour les croyants! » (Coran 15:74-77)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Le prophète Lot souffrit beaucoup aux mains de son peuple pour l’avoir mis en garde à maintes reprises contre l’homosexualité et l’oppression.  Jusqu’à ce que, finalement, Dieu fasse pleuvoir sur les Sodomites des pierres d’argile, avant de renverser leur ville comme on retourne une crêpe!  Les eaux de la Mer Morte (ci-dessus) remplirent l’énorme cavité laissée dans le sillage de la terrible destruction.  Aujourd’hui, seules quelques ruines (ci-dessous) demeurent de ces gens qui, un jour, prospérèrent dans leur pays.  Les péchés des Sodomites firent en sorte que ces terres deviennent le point le plus bas de la surface de la terre et ce, de plus d’une façon!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Lisez le Coran et tirez des leçons des récits des nations du passé, celles qui atteignirent le sommet de la civilisation, qui amassèrent maintes richesses, qui jouirent du pouvoir et du prestige, mais qui se montrèrent ingrates envers leur Seigneur, jusqu’à L’oublier, en plus de s’oublier elles-mêmes.  Ayant choisi d’adorer de fausses divinités, elles finirent par sombrer dans la décadence et la corruption, dans l’arrogance, la cruauté et l’oppression.  Dieu leur envoya Ses prophètes avec moult révélations et miracles, afin de leur rappeler Ses faveurs envers elles, de leur faire prendre conscience de leurs devoirs envers Lui et de leur obligation de se montrer justes et clémentes entre elles et envers la création dans son ensemble.  Mais en dépit de tous ces signes très clairs, elles choisirent d’emprunter la voie de l’incroyance; elles rejetèrent les prophètes, se moquèrent et abusèrent d’eux et tentèrent même de les tuer!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Finalement, lorsqu’il n’y eut plus aucun espoir de les voir prendre la bonne voie et qu’elles n’eurent plus aucune excuse valable pour justifier leur comportement, elles hâtèrent elles-mêmes leur propre destruction en mettant Dieu au défi de les châtier !  Ce qu’Il fit sur-le-champ et la terre fut lavée de ces mécréants.  Non seulement leurs vestiges nous servent-ils de rappel, aujourd’hui, mais ils prouvent également l’origine divine du Coran.  Car nul autre qu’un véritable prophète de Dieu, comme l’était Mohammed, n’aurait pu réciter avec autant d’assurance des versets aussi détaillés, à moins d’être inspiré par Dieu.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « L’histoire de ceux qui les ont précédés ne leur est-elle par parvenue?  L’histoire des peuples de Noé, des<\/strong> ‘Aad, de<\/strong>s<\/strong>Thamoud, d’Abraham, des gens de Madyan et des villes renversées [dans lesquelles habitaient le peuple de Lot]?  Leurs messagers leur avaient apporté des preuves (du pouvoir suprême de Dieu).  Ce n’est pas Dieu qui leur fit du tort; ils se firent (plutôt) du tort à eux-mêmes. » <\/strong>(Coran 9:70)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Walter Wreszinski, Aegyptische Inschriften aus dem K.K. Hof Museum in Wien, 1906, J. C. Hinrichs' sche Buchhandlung.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Hermann Ranke, Die Ägyptischen Personennamen, Verzeichnis der Namen, Verlag Von J. J. Augustin in Glückstadt, Band I, 1935, Band II, 1952.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Les photos ci-dessus sont celles d’une momie égyptienne que l’on croit être celle de Pharaon.  Pour des informations supplémentaires : Mummies of the Pharaohs: Modern Medical Investigations (Momies et pharaons : recherches médicales modernes), par Maurice Bucaille. Traduit par Alastair D. Pannell et l’auteur. Illustré. 236 pp. New York: St. Martin's Press.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":19559,"lft":1478,"rght":1479,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-12T18:54:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:02:57.000000Z","language_id":9,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":20,"parent_id":850,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Biographies & Scholars","category_slug":"Biographies-Scholars","get_date":"2014-08-12","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-The Ones Who Perished.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-The Ones Who Perished.docx"},{"id":852,"title":"Diejenigen, die zugrunde gegangen sind","slug":"diejenigen-die-zugrunde-gegangen-sind","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-The Ones Who Perished.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-The Ones Who Perished.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:diejenigen-die-zugrunde-gegangen-sind","hint":"","body":"

Diejenigen, die zugrunde gegangen sind<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

www. Quran.nu, (edited by IslamReligion.com)<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (teil 1 von 2): Das Schicksal der Völker Noah, Saba, Iram und Salihs<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

“So erfaßten Wir einen jeden in seiner Sünde; es waren unter ihnen welche, gegen die Wir einen Sandsturm schickten, und welche, die der Schrei ereilte, und welche, unter denen Wir die Erde versinken ließen, und welche, die Wir ertränkten. Und nicht Allah wollte ihnen Unrecht tun, sondern sie taten sich selbst Unrecht” (Quran 29:40)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Noah und die Arche<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Eine archäologische Studie fand eine mehr als 500 Fuß-lange schiffförmige Formation auf dem Berg Judi[1]<\/a>, einige 20 Meilen südlich des Berges Ararat (wo die Bibel Noahs Arche platzierte).  Sie besitzt horizontal deckunterstützende Balken in gleichmäßigen Abständen und gleichgroße Einbuchtungen, die verrottenden Rippenbalken ähneln.  Natürliche Ursachen können nicht so symmetrische Formen erzeugen!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und es wurde befohlen: \"0 Erde, verschlinge dein Wasser, o Himmel, höre auf (zu regnen)!\" Und das Wasser begann zu sinken, und die Angelegenheit war entschieden. Und das Schiff kam auf dem Judi zur Rast. Und es wurde befohlen: \"Fort mit dem Volk der Frevler!\"” (Quran 11:44)<\/span><\/p>\r\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\r\n

Alle die schlechten Menschen auf der Erde wurden ertränkt, während Gläubige und Tiere mit Noah in seiner Arche getragen wurden.  Das Schiff auf dem Judi blieb fast bist zur Dämmerung des Islam intakt.  Was heute noch geblieben ist, ist immer noch sehenswert. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Tempel von Saba<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Ein anders Volk, dessen Sünden mit einer zerstörerischen Flut beantwortet wurden, war das Volk von Saba´.  Sie wandten sich von ihrem Schöpfer, Gott, ab, um andere anzubeten.  Alles was nun von ihrer einst so reichen Zivilisation (in Marib, Jemen) übrig geblieben ist, sind die zerbrochenen Stücke ihres Dammes, ein paar sabäische Inschriften und die Ruinen ihres Tempels.[2]<\/a>  (unten).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Es gab wahrlich ein Zeichen für Saba' in ihrem Heimatland: zwei Gärten zur Rechten und zur Linken: \"Esset von den Gaben eures Herrn und seid Ihm dankbar. (Euer ist) eine Stadt, die gut ist, und ein Herr, Der Allverzeihend ist!\" Jedoch sie kehrten sich ab; da sandten Wir eine reißende Flut gegen sie. Und Wir gaben ihnen an Stelle ihrer Gärten zwei Gärten mit bitterer Frucht und Tamarisken und wenigen Lotosbäumen. Solches gaben Wir ihnen zum Lohn für ihre Undankbarkeit; und so belohnen Wir keinen (anderen) als den Undankbaren.” (Quran 34:15-17)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ad, Iram, und Ubar<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

„Hast du nicht gesehen, wie dein Herr mit den `Ad verfuhrmit Iram, der Säulenreichen dergleichen nicht erschaffen wurde in (anderen) Ländern?“ (Quran 89:6-9)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die ‘Ad waren ein Volk von Giganten.  ‘Wer ist mächtiger als wir in unserer Stärke?!’  <\/strong>(Quran 41:15), sie brüsteten sich und tyrannisierten Völker mit ihrer Größe, während ihr Prophet Hud sie aufforderte, Gott zu fürchten und rechtschaffen zu sein.  Für die meisten Historiker ist die Geschichte von Iram[3]<\/a>eine reine Fabel, ein Mythos, ein ´Atlantis des Sandes´. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Bis 1973, und zwar als die 4 300 Jahre alte Stadt von Ebla in Nordsyrien ausgegraben wurde.  Einige 2 500 keilförmige Tontafeln (oben) aus Eblas Palastbibliothek wurden entdeckt, die Berichte von allen Nationen enthielten, mit denen Ebla Handel trieb, einschließlich einer, die ‘Iram’ genannt wurde![4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“(Hud sagte zu ‘Ad:) ‘Baut ihr Mahnmale auf jeder Anhöhe, um euch zu vergnügen? Und errichtet ihr Burgen, als solltet ihr lange leben?” (Quran 26:128-129)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1992 wurden mit Hilfe von Satellitenaufnahmen die Überreste einer Stadt entdeckt, die mit der im Qur´an genannten Lage und Beschreibung von Iram übereinstimmt; tief in der Wüste am Rande von Oman.  Den Reichtum der Stadt beweisen Weihrauchleuchter, Parthianische Töpferei (oben) und die 90 cm dicken Mauern, die sie schützten. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ausgrabungen haben ebenfalls gezeigt, dass die Stadt ein katastrophales Ende fand, als sie halb in ein riesiges Loch versank, auf dem die Ruinen einer Festung und acht einst überragende Säulen noch immer standen (oben).  Die ‘Ad wurden von einer Naturgewalt zerstört, die sogar noch grausamer war als sie selbst.[5]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Darum sandten Wir gegen sie einen eiskalten Wind mehrere unheilvolle Tage hindurch, auf daß Wir sie die Strafe der Schmach in diesem Leben kosten ließen. Und die Strafe des Jenseits wird gewiß noch schmählicher sein, und es wird ihnen nicht geholfen werden.” (Quran 41:16)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Das Volk von Thamud<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

“(Salih sagte zu Thamud:) Werdet ihr etwa sicher zurückbleiben unter den Dingen, die hier sind unter Gärten und Quellen und Kornfeldern und Dattelpalmen mit Blütendolden, die fast brechen? Und aus den Bergen hauet ihr euch Wohnungen geschickt aus.” (Quran 26:146-149)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und zu den Tamud (entsandten Wir) ihren Bruder Salih; er sagte: \"0 mein Volk, dient Allah; ihr habt keinen anderen Gott außer Ihm. Er hat euch aus der Erde hervorgebracht und ließ euch darauf ansiedeln. So erfleht Seine Vergebung, dann bekehrt euch zu Ihm. Wahrlich, mein Herr ist nahe (und) erhört die Gebete.\" Sie sagten: \"0 Salih, du warst zuvor unter uns der Mittelpunkt der Hoffnung. Willst du uns verwehren, das anzubeten, was unsere Väter anbeteten? Und wir befinden uns wahrhaftig in beunruhigendem Zweifel über das, wozu du uns aufforderst.\"” (Quran 11:61-2)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Prophet Muhammad kam an der Geisterstadt von Madain Salih (oben und unten) vorbei, die von den Thamud in den Berg gehauen worden war und sagte:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Geht nicht hinein außer wenn ihr weint, denn dies war ein Ort der (göttlichen) Strafe.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die Verwandten der Nabatäer von Petra einige 300 Meilen nördlicher, wiesen die Thamud ihren Propheten Salih gewaltsam zurück.  Da schlug sie Gott mit einem Schall, der sie tötete, aber ihre Häuser verschonte: ein wahrhaftig schauriges Zeichen für spätere Generationen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\"\"<\/span>
\r\n
\r\n Footnotes: <\/span>\r\n
\r\n

[1]<\/a> “‘Archologisten’ behaupten, die Arche Noah gefunden zu haben“, Martin Wroe.  The Observer<\/em> (London) 16 Jan 1994.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[2]<\/a> (http:\/\/www.yobserver.com\/cgi-bin\/yobserver\/exec\/view.cgi\/1\/8902), (http:\/\/www.viewzone.com\/sheba.country.html), (http:\/\/www.ucalgary.ca\/UofC\/events\/unicomm\/NewsReleases\/queen.htm)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[3]<\/a> Auch als Ubar bekannt.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[4]<\/a> Ebla: A Revelation in Archaeology<\/em>, Times Books, 1979, Wiedenfeld und Nicolson, Great Britain.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[5]<\/a> Um 300 vChr verschwand eine Stadt, die Ubar genannt wurde, auf geheimnisvolle Weise; es war ein geschäftiges Zentrum an der Weihrauchhandelsstraße des antiken Arabiens.  Gemäß der Legende wurden die Menschen von Ubar gierig und korrupt, und sie weigerten sich zu ändern.  Um sie zu bestrafen zerstörte Gott ihre Stadt und alle Straßen, die dorthin geführt hatten.  Ubar war tausende von Jahren verloren, aber die Legende überlebte in den Lagerfeuergeschichten der Beduinen, dem Qur´an und den arabischen Nächten.  Viele Archäologen dachten, die Legende von Ubar sei mehr als nur ein Märchen, aber ihre Suchen nach der verlorenen Stadt blieben ohne Erfolg.  Das heisst, bis zu den 1990ern, als die NASA Satelliten und Radare die Suche erleichterten.  Die Hilfe der NASA war der Schlüssel für die Lokalisierung Ubars.  Bilder von Landsat und SPOT (Satellite Pour l‘Observation de la Terre) zeigten Spuren durch die Wüste, die sich als uralte Karavanenrouten herausstellten.  Diese Suren liefen bei dem Dorf Al Shisr im Südwesten Omans zusammen.  Eine Expedition folgte den Spuren zu dem virtuellen “X” im Sand und begann zu graben.  Entdeckungen alter Keramikscherben aus fernen Ländern, Weihrauchleuchter und Überreste einer Festung bestätigten die Vermutungen der Archäologen – Ubar hatte es wirklich gegeben und sein Untergang konnte geklärt werden.  Tatsächlich erwies sich die Legende als richtig: Ubar  hatte ein katastrophales Ende gefunden.  Ausgrabungen offenbarten eine riesige Kalksteinhöhle unter der Festung.  Die Stadt wurde höchstwahrscheinlich zerstört, als ein großer Teil davon in die darunterliegende Kammer versank.  Heute fördern Ausgrabungen immer mehr über das Leben entlang der Weihrauchrouten vor über 4 000 Jahren zutage.  (von Marisa Larson, National Geographic Magazine<\/em>, http:\/\/magma.nationalgeographic.com\/ngm\/0304\/feature2\/index.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n


<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(teil 2 von 2): Die Völker von Moses und Lot<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

“Und Pharao sagte: \"O Haman, baue mir einen Turm, so daß ich die Zugänge erreiche; die Zugänge zu den Himmeln, damit ich ihn sehen kann, den Gott Moses', und ich halte ihn wahrlich für einen Lügner.\"...” (Quran 40:36-37)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Vor gut tausend Jahren war der einzige ‘Haman’, der außerhalb islamischer Texte erwähnte wurde, ein babylonischer Hofmann aus der Geschichte um den Turmbau zu Babel.  Akademiker verspotteten seine Erwähnung im Qur´an, zitierten ihn als Beweis für Muhammads angeblich fehlerhaftes Leihen von der Bibel; indem er die babylonische Geschichte mit der viel früheren Geschichte aus dem Exodus vermischte. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dann, im Jahr 1799, hat einer der Kapitäne Napoleons in Ägypten im Hafen der Stadt Rosetta einen grau-rosa Granitstein entdeckt (oben).  Er zeigte ihn dem General Abdullah Jacques de Menou, einem zum Islam Konvertierten, der ihn nach Kairo schickte, damit er untersucht wird.  Der Rosetta-Stein, der aus dem Jahr 196vChr stammt, war in drei Schriften beschrieben: Hieroglyphisch, Demotisch und Griechisch.  Seine Entdeckung bedeutete, dass Gelehrte aus aller Welt letztendlich in der Lage waren, die ägyptischen Hieroglyphen zu entschlüsseln.  Ein Ergebnis war die Dekodierung einer Inschrift auf einer pharaonischen Stela aus der Mosaikperiode im Wiener Hofmuseum.  Interessanterweise war der Name ´Haman´ auf der Stela[1]<\/a> eingraviert mit seinem Titel: ´Aufseher der Arbeiter vom Steinbruch´.[2]<\/a>  Genau der Mann, den ein Pharao beauftragt hatte, einen hohen Turm zu bauen! <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und (Wir vernichteten) Korah und Pharao und Haman. Und Moses kam wahrlich mit deutlichen Beweisen zu ihnen, doch sie betrugen sich hochmütig auf Erden; (Uns) aber konnten sie nicht entrinnen.” (Quran 29:39)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Nun wollen Wir dich heute dem Leibe nach (aus dem Meer) erretten, auf daß du (Pharao) ein Beweis für diejenigen seiest, die nach dir kommen. Und es gibt sicher viele Menschen, die Unseren Zeichen keine Beachtung schenken.” (Quran 10:92)[3]<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und Wir kehrten das Oberste (der Städte Sodoms) zuunterst, und Wir ließen auf sie brennende Steine niederregnen. Wahrlich, hierin liegen Zeichen für die Einsichtigen. Und sie liegt an einem noch bestehenden Weg. (von Mekka nach Syrien, wo jetzt das Tote Meer ist)Wahrlich, hierin ist ein Zeichen für die Gläubigen.” (Quran 15:74-77)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dem Propheten Lot wurde von seinem Volk Schaden zugefügt, als er sie vor ihrer Homosexuualität und ihrer Unterdrückung warnte.  Bis Gott schließlich Wurfgeschosse aus gebranntem Ton auf die Sodomiten niederregnen ließ; ihr Land unter ihnen hoch heben und das Unterste zuoberst auf sie stürzen ließ.  Das Wasser des Toten Meeres (oben) füllte die große Mulde aus, die unmittelbar nach der schrecklichen Zerstörung zurückblieb.  Heute stehen nur noch ein paar Ruinen (unten) von den Völkern, die einst das Land bewohnt haben.  Ein Land, das durch die Sünden der Sodomiten zum tiefsten Punkt der Erde wurde – in mehr als einem Sinne!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Also, lies im Qur´an und verstehe die Lektion von den vergangenen Völkern; von denen, die den Gipfel der Zivilisation erreicht haben, großen Reichtum, Macht und Ansehen angehäuft haben, nur um dann undankbar zu sein und sich selbst und ihren Herrn zu vergessen.  Sie wurden dekadent und korrupt, arrogant und stolz, grausam und unterdrückend, wie sie sich der Falschheit und falschen Göttern zuwandten.  Gott schickte Seine Propheten zu ihnen, unterstützt durch Wunder und Offenbarungen, um sie an Seine Gunst zu erinnern und daran, gehorsam zu sein, und gerecht und mildtätig unter einander und zur ganzen Schöpfung.  Aber sie waren trotz Seiner deutlichen Zeichen ungläubig.  Sie leugneten ihre Propheten, machten sich über sie lustig, verhöhnten und missachteten sie, und sie versuchten sogar, sie zu töten! <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Schließlich, wenn es weder Hoffnung noch Entschuldigung für sie mehr gab; wenn sie ihre Vernichtung beschleunigten, indem sie den Einen Gott frech herausforderten, sie doch zu strafen; so tat Er dies und die Erde war gereinigt.  Nicht nur, dass ihre Überreste uns heutzutage als Ermahnung dienen, sie beweisen auch den göttlichen Ursprung des Qur´ans selbst.  Denn kein anderer als ein wahrer Prophet Gottes, wie Muhammad es tatsächlich war, hätte derartige Details nennen können und noch dazu mit solcher Sicherheit, es sei denn, er war von oben inspiriert.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ist denn der Bericht über die, die vor ihnen lebten, nicht zu ihnen gelangt, das Volk Noahs, die ´Aad und Thamud, das Volk Abrahams und die Gefährten von Madyan und die verschwundenen Städte (Sodoms)? Ihre Gesandten kamen zu ihnen mit den deutlichen Zeichen. Und es ist bestimmt nicht Gott, der ihnen Unrecht getan hat, sondern sie haben sich selbst Unrecht getan.” (Quran 9:70)<\/span><\/p>\r\n


\r\n
\r\n Footnotes: <\/span>\r\n
\r\n

[1]<\/a> Walter Wreszinski, Ägyptische Inschriften aus dem K.K. Hof Museum in Wien, 1906, J. C. Hinrichs' sche Buchhandlung.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[2]<\/a> Hermann Ranke, Die Ägyptischen Personennamen, Verzeichnis der Namen, Verlag Von J. J. Augustin in Glückstadt, Band I, 1935, Band II, 1952.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[3]<\/a> Die Bilder oben stammen von einer ägyptischen Mumie, von der angenommen wird, dass es der Pharao war, der im Roten Meer ertränkt wurde.  Zur weiteren Information: Mummies of the Pharaohs: Modern Medical Investigations. Von Maurice Bucaille. Translated von Alastair D. Pannell und dem Autor. Illustriert. 236 S. New York: St. Martin's Press.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":14656,"lft":1480,"rght":1481,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-12T18:54:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:15:02.000000Z","language_id":7,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":20,"parent_id":850,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Biographies & Scholars","category_slug":"Biographies-Scholars","get_date":"2014-08-12","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-The Ones Who Perished.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-The Ones Who Perished.docx"},{"id":853,"title":"\u906d\u6bc1\u706d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf","slug":"fhfhfh","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-The Ones Who Perished.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-The Ones Who Perished.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:fhfhfh","hint":"","body":"

\u906d\u6bc1\u706d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

www. Quran.nu, (edited by IslamReligion.com)<\/span>
<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\uff081\/2\uff09\uff1a\u52aa\u54c8\u3001\u8d5b\u4f2f\u9091\u3001\u4f0a\u8d56\u59c6\u3001\u6492\u7acb\u54c8\u65cf\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u8fd0<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u56e0\u4ed6\u7684\u7f6a<\/strong>\u8fc7\u800c\u52a0\u4ee5\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c<\/strong>\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u6709\u6211\u66fe\u4f7f\u98de\u6c99\u8d70\u77f3\u7684\u66b4\u98ce\u53bb\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684<\/strong>\uff0c\u6709<\/strong>\u4e3a\u6050\u6016\u6240\u88ad\u51fb\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u6211\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6ca6\u9677\u5728\u5730\u9762\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u88ab\u6211\u6eba\u6740\u7684\uff0c\u771f\u4e3b\u4e0d\u81f4\u4e8f\u6789\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e8f\u6789\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/strong>”(<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong> <\/strong>29:40)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u52aa\u54c8\u4e0e\u65b9\u821f<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u8ddd\u79bb\u571f\u8033\u5176\u963f\u52d2\u5c71\uff08\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u65b9\u821f\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff09\u5357\u90e8\u7ea620\u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6731\u8fed\u5c71\u9876[1]<\/a>  \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea6500\u82f1\u5c3a\u7684\u8239\u578b\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6728\u7532\u677f\u548c\u5747\u5300\u7684\u7f29\u53e3\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u8150\u70c2\u7684\u808b\u9aa8\u6728\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u5747\u5300\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u642d\u914d\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u6709\u4eba<\/strong>\u8bf4\uff1a\u5730\u554a\uff01\u6c72\u5e72\u4f60\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6c34\u5427\uff01\u4e91\u554a\uff01\u6563\u5f00\u5427\uff01\u4e8e\u662f\u6d2a\u6c34\u9000\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u88ab\u5224\u51b3\u4e86\u3002\u8239\u505c\u8236\u5728\u6731\u8fed\u5c71\u4e0a\u3002<\/strong>” (<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>11:44)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u574f\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u6df9\u6b7b\uff0c\u4fe1\u58eb\u548c\u7272\u755c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5e78\u514d\u3002\u8239\u5b8c\u597d\u65e0\u635f\u505c\u5728\u6731\u8fed\u5c71\u4e0a\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8d5b\u4f2f\u9091\u65cf<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u56e0\u72af\u7f6a\u800c\u906d\u53d7\u6d2a\u6c34\u6bc1\u706d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u662f\u8d5b\u4f2f\u9091\u65cf\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u653e\u5f03\u5b89\u62c9\u5d07\u62dc\u5076\u50cf\u3002\uff08\u4e5f\u95e8\u9a6c\u91cc\u535c\uff09\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u88ab\u6d2a\u6c34\u51b2\u57ae\uff0c\u8d5b\u4f2f\u9091\u65cf\u7684\u7891\u94ed\u548c\u5bfa\u5e99\u9057\u5740\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u3002[2]<\/a> \uff08\u4e0b\u56fe\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u8d5b\u4f2f\u9091\u65cf\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5c45\u5904\uff0c\u786e\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8ff9\u8c61\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u56ed\u5703\uff0c\u5206\u5217\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u4f60\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5403\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u7684\u7ed9\u517b\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u8981\u611f\u8c22\u4ed6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u80a5\u7f8e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c<\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f3\u8d66\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0<\/strong>\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6<\/strong>\u4eec\u6096\u9006\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4f7f\u6c34\u5e93\u7684\u6025\u6d41\u53bb\u6df9\u6ca1\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u56ed\u5703\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u53ea\u751f\u957f\u82e6\u679c\u3001\u67fd\u67f3\uff0c\u548c\u4e9b\u5fae\u7684\u9178\u67a3\u6811\u7684\u56ed\u5703\u3002\u6211\u56e0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5fd8\u6069\u800c\u4ee5\u8fd9\u62a5\u916c\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u60e9\u7f5a\u5fd8\u6069\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/strong>”(<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>34:15-17)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u963f\u5fb7\u3001\u4f0a\u8d56\u59c6\u548c\u4e4c\u5df4\u5c14<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u96be\u9053\u4f60\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u7684\u4e3b\u600e\u6837\u60e9\u6cbb\u963f\u5fb7\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u9ad8\u67f1\u7684\u4f0a\u8d56\u59c6\u4eba\u5417\uff1f\u50cf\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u522b\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u91cc\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u521b\u9020\u8fc7\u7684\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>(\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b89:6-8) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u963f\u5fb7\u4eba\u662f\u5de8\u4eba\uff1a“\u8c01\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u5462<\/strong>?!<\/strong>”<\/strong>(\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b41:15)\uff0c\u5f53\u5148\u77e5\u547c\u5fb7\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u656c\u754f\u5b89\u62c9\u6210\u4e3a\u4fe1\u58eb\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u8eab\u4f53\u5de8\u5927\u800c\u81ea\u5938\u548c\u6b8b\u66b4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f0a\u8d56\u59c6\u7684\u6545\u4e8b[3]<\/a>\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u5929\u65b9\u591c\u8c2d\uff0c\u795e\u8bdd\u4f20\u8bf4\u3002\u76f4\u52301973\u5e74\uff0c\u67094300\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53e4\u57ce\u827e\u8d1d\u62c9\u5728\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u5317\u90e8\u88ab\u6316\u6398\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u76f8\u4fe1\u30022500\u4e2a\u6954\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\u571f\u7891\u4ece\u827e\u8d1d\u62c9\u5bab\u6bbf\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u91cc\u53d1\u6398\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u6709\u827e\u8d1d\u62c9\u6c11\u65cf\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u4f0a\u8d56\u59c6\u4eba[4]<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\uff08\u547c\u5fb7\u66fe<\/strong>\u5bf9\u963f\u5fb7\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\uff09\u4f60\u4eec\u5728\u9ad8\u5730\u4e0a\u5efa\u7b51\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7269\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f9b\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u4f60\u4eec\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u4e9b\u5821\u5792\uff0c\u597d\u8c61\u4f60\u4eec\u5c06\u6c38\u5c45\u5c18\u4e16\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/strong>”(<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>26:128-129)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u5bf9\u4f0a\u8d56\u59c6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c1992\u5e74\u6839\u636e\u536b\u661f\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u5728\u963f\u66fc\u8fb9\u7f18\u6c99\u6f20\u6df1\u5904\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e73\u9999\u7089\uff0c\u5e15\u63d0\u4e9a\u9676\u5668\u548c90\u516c\u5206\u539a\u7684\u56f4\u5899\u3002\u51fa\u571f\u6587\u7269\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u60e8\u906d\u6bc1\u706d\uff0c\u4e00\u534a\u584c\u5165\u5927\u6c61\u6c34\u6c60\uff0c\u5821\u5792\u6bc1\u706d\uff0c\u516b\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\u4f9d\u65e7\u633a\u7acb\uff08\u4e0a\u56fe\uff09\u3002\u963f\u5fb7\u4eba\u88ab\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u707e\u5bb3\u6240\u6bc1\u706d[5]<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u6211\u4f7f\u66b4\u98ce\u5728\u82e5\u5e72\u51f6\u65e5\u91cc\u4f24\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eec<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4eca\u4e16\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u51cc\u8fb1\u7684\u5211\u7f5a\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u4e16\u7684\u5211\u7f5a\uff0c\u786e\u662f\u66f4\u51cc\u8fb1\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u4e0d\u83b7\u63f4\u52a9\u3002”<\/strong> (\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b41:16) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/strong> \"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8d5b\u83ab\u5fb7\u4eba<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

“<\/strong>(\u8428\u5229\u54c8\u5bf9\u8d5b\u83ab\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff0c<\/strong>)<\/strong> <\/strong>\u96be\u9053\u7adf\u8ba9\u4f60\u4eec\u5b89\u5fc3\u5730\u5728\u8fd9\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4e48<\/strong>\uff1f<\/strong>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u56ed\u5703\u548c\u6e90\u6cc9\uff0c\u6709\u5e84\u7a3c\u548c\u5177\u6709\u7ea4\u7ec6\u7684\u8089\u7a57\u82b1\u5e8f\u7684\u6930\u67a3\u6811\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u7cbe\u5de7\u5730\u51ff\u5c71\u9020\u5c4b\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong> <\/strong>(\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b26:146-149) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u6211\u786e\u5df2\u6d3e\u9063<\/strong>\u8d5b\u83ab\u5fb7\u4eba\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u6492\u7acb\u54c8\u53bb\u6559\u5316\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/strong>‘<\/strong>\u6211\u7684\u5b97\u65cf\u554a\uff01\u4f60<\/strong>\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5d07\u62dc\u771f\u4e3b\uff0c\u9664\u4ed6\u5916\uff0c\u7edd\u65e0\u5e94\u53d7\u4f60\u4eec\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u571f\u521b\u9020\u4f60\u4eec\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u4f60\u4eec\u5728\u5927\u5730\u4e0a\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u6545\u4f60\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5411\u4ed6\u6c42\u9976\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f52\u4f9d\u4ed6\u3002\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u786e\u662f\u4e34\u8fd1\u7684\uff0c\u786e\u662f\u6709\u6c42\u5fc5\u5e94\u7684\u3002<\/strong>’<\/strong>\u4ed6<\/strong>\u4eec\u8bf4\uff1a<\/strong>‘<\/strong>\u6492\u7acb\u54c8\u554a\uff01\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u6211<\/strong>\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u662f\u4f17\u671b\u6240\u5f52\u7684\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u4f60\u7981\u6b62\u6211\u4eec\u5d07\u62dc\u6211\u4eec\u7956\u5148\u6240\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\uff08\u5076\u50cf\uff09\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f60\u7528\u4ee5\u53f7\u53ec\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e8b\u786e\u5728\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u6000\u7591\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/strong>’”<\/strong> <\/strong>(\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong> 11:61-2) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7a46\u5723\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8428\u5229\u54c8\u65cf\u4eba\u7684\u5e9f\u589f\uff08\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e24\u56fe\uff09--\u8d5b\u83ab\u5fb7\u4eba\u51ff\u51fa\u7684\u5c71\u6d1e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a“\u9664\u4e86\u54ed\u7740\u4e0d\u8981<\/strong>\u8fdb\u5165\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5b89\u62c9\u60e9\u7f5a\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u65b9<\/strong>\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5317\u90e8300\u82f1\u91cc\u7eb3\u5df4\u63d0\u4eba\uff0c\u8d5b\u83ab\u5fb7\u4eba\u5f3a\u70c8\u62d2\u7edd\u5148\u77e5\u8428\u5229\u54c8\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u7528\u58f0\u6ce2\u6740\u6b7b\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u4e00\u7247\u6bdb\u9aa8\u609a\u7136\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> \u65b9\u821f\u5b66\u5bb6\u58f0\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u52aa\u54c8\u7684\u65b9\u821f\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e01<\/em>•\u7f57 \u4f26\u6566\u300a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u62a5\u300b1994.1.16.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> (http:\/\/www.yobserver.com\/cgi-bin\/yobserver\/exec\/view.cgi\/1\/8902), (http:\/\/www.viewzone.com\/sheba.country.html), (http:\/\/www.ucalgary.ca\/UofC\/events\/unicomm\/NewsReleases\/queen.htm)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> \u4e4c\u5df4\u5c14\u57ce\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> \u827e\u8d1d\u62c9\uff1a\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c<\/em>\u65f6\u62a5\u8bfb\u4e66\u72481979, \u7ef4\u767b\u8d39\u5c14\u5fb7\u548c\u5c3c\u79d1\u5c14\u677e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[5]<\/a> \u7ea6\u516c\u5143300\u5e74\u4e4c\u5df4\u5c14\u57ce\u3002\u8be6\u60c5\u53c2\u89c1 (http:\/\/magma.nationalgeographic.com\/ngm\/0304\/feature2\/index.html)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\uff082\/2\uff09\uff1a\u7a46\u8428\u548c\u9c81\u7279\u7684\u6c11\u65cf<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u6cd5\u8001<\/strong>\u8bf4\uff1a\u54c8\u66fc\u554a\uff01\u4f60\u4e3a\u6211\u5efa\u9020\u4e00\u5ea7\u9ad8\u697c<\/strong>\uff0c\u6216<\/strong>\u8bb8\u6211\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u82e5\u5e72\u7ebf\u7d22<\/strong>——<\/strong>\u5929\u4e0a\u7684<\/strong>\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u80fd\u7aa5\u89c1\u7a46\u8428\u7684\u795e\u7075\uff1b\u6211\u786e\u4fe1\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u8c0e\u8005\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong> <\/strong>(\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b40:36-37) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e00\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e4b\u5916\u53ea\u6709\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u671d\u81e3\u5728\u901a\u5929\u5854\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u54c8\u66fc\u3002\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u5632\u7b11\u8fd9\u6545\u4e8b\u5728\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8bf4\u662f\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u6284\u88ad\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u795e\u8bdd\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u300a\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb0\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/strong> \"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

1799\u5e74\uff0c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u9a7b\u57c3\u53ca\u9996\u9886\u5728\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\u7f57\u585e\u5854\u53d1\u73b0\u6697\u7070\u6843\u8272\u82b1\u5c97\u5ca9\u77f3\u7891\u3002\u4ed6\u62ff\u7ed9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u5c06\u519b\u963f\u535c\u675c\u62c9·\u96c5\u514b\uff0c\u5e26\u56de\u5f00\u7f57\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7f57\u585e\u5854\u77f3\u7891\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u516c\u5143\u524d196\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e66\u4e09\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\uff08\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\uff09\u901a\u4fd7\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b66\u754c\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u7834\u89e3\u57c3\u53ca\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u970d\u592b\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u6469\u897f\u65f6\u671f\u6cd5\u8001\u77f3\u7891\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u88ab\u7834\u8bd1\u3002\u597d\u5947\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u54c8\u66fc\u4e5f\u5728\u77f3\u7891[1]<\/a>\u4e0a\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u91c7\u77f3\u5de5\u957f[2]<\/a>\u3002\u6b63\u597d\u6cd5\u8001\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5efa\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5854\uff01<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “\uff08\u6211\u66fe<\/strong>\u6bc1<\/strong>\u706d\uff09\u6208<\/strong>\u4f26\u3001<\/strong>\u6cd5\u8001\u548c\u54c8\u66fc\u3002\u7a46<\/strong>\u8428\u66fe\u662d\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bb8\u591a\u660e\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u4e0a\u81ea\u5927\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u672a\u80fd\u9003\u907f\u5929\u8c34\u3002<\/strong>”(\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b29:39)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"
<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4f46\u4eca\u65e5\u6211\u62ef\u6551\u4f60\u7684<\/strong>\u9057\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f60\uff08\u6cd5\u8001\uff09\u505a\u540e\u6765\u8005\u7684\u9274\u6212\u3002\u591a\u6570\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u7684\u9274\u6212\uff0c\u786e\u662f\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684<\/strong>\u3002”(\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b10:92)[3]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u6211\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e2a\u5e02<\/strong>\u9547\u5929\u7ffb\u5730\u8986\uff0c<\/strong>\u5e76\u4f7f\u9676\u77f3\u50cf\u96e8\u70b9\u822c\u964d\u843d\u5728\u4ed6<\/strong>\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a<\/strong>\u3002<\/strong>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u80fd\u8003\u5bdf\u8005\uff0c\u6b64\u4e2d\u786e\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002\u90a3\u4e2a\u5e02\u9547\u786e\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fe1\u9053\u8005\uff0c\u6b64\u4e2d\u786e\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8ff9\u8c61<\/strong>\u3002”(\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b15:74-77)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"
<\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5148\u77e5\u9c81\u7279\u88ab\u65cf\u4eba\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u63d0\u9192\u4ed6\u4eec\u907f\u514d\u540c\u6027\u604b\u548c\u538b\u8feb\u3002\u6700\u540e\u5b89\u62c9\u964d\u4e0b\u9676\u77f3\u6bc1\u706d\u9e21\u5978\u8005\u3002\u6b7b\u6d77\u7684\u6c34\u57df\u81f3\u4eca\u56e0\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\u7559\u4e0b\u5de8\u5927\u7a7a\u6d1e\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u5174\u65fa\u6b8b\u5b58\u9057\u5740\u3002\u9e21\u5978\u8005\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\uff0c\u8ba9\u6b64\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u6700\u4f4e\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

\u9605\u8bfb\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6587\u660e\u9876\u5c16\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u805a\u96c6\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8d22\u5bcc\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u58f0\u671b\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u77e5\u611f\u8c22\uff0c\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u548c\u517b\u4e3b\u3002\u53d8\u5f97\u9893\u5e9f\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u81ea\u5927\u50b2\u6162\uff0c\u6b8b\u9177\u66b4\u8650\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u4ed6\u4eec\u5d07\u62dc\u5047\u795e\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6d3e\u9063\u4e86\u5148\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5947\u8ff9\u548c\u542f\u793a\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u8ffd\u6c42\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u559c\u60a6\uff0c\u8981\u987a\u4ece\u5b89\u62c9\uff0c\u8981\u505a\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u7684\u4eba\u3002 \u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u660e\u663e\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u5148\u77e5\uff0c\u5632\u7b11\u3001\u8bbd\u523a\u3001\u8fb1\u9a82\u751a\u81f3\u6740\u6b7b\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u8c05\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6311\u6218\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u5927\u5730\u6d01\u51c0\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u795e\u5723\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u50cf\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4f7f\u8005\u80fd\u8be6\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7edd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u8be6\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u5728\u4ed6<\/strong>\u4eec\u4ee5\u524d\u901d\u53bb\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u6709\u52aa\u54c8\u7684\u5b97\u65cf\uff0c<\/strong>\u963f\u5fb7\u4eba\u548c<\/strong>\u8d5b\u83ab\u5fb7\u4eba<\/strong>\uff0c\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u7684\u5b97\u65cf\uff0c\u9ea6\u5fb7\u5f66\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u548c\u88ab<\/strong>\u503e\u8986\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u4eec\u662d\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bb8\u591a\u660e\u8bc1\uff0c\u6545\u771f\u4e3b\u4e0d\u81f4\u4e8e\u4e8f\u6789\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u6b3a\u4e86\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>(\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b9:70)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Walter Wreszinski, Aegyptische Inschriften aus dem K.K. Hof Museum in Wien, 1906, J. C. Hinrichs' sche Buchhandlung.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Hermann Ranke, Die Ägyptischen Personennamen, Verzeichnis der Namen, Verlag Von J. J. Augustin in Glückstadt, Band I, 1935, Band II, 1952.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> \u56fe\u4e3a\u57c3\u53ca\u6728\u4e43\u4f0a\uff0c\u636e\u4fe1\u4e3a\u7ea2\u6d77\u4e2d\u6df9\u6b7b\u7684\u6cd5\u8001\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u53c2\u89c1\u83ab\u91cc\u65af \u2027\u6bd4\u5361\u4f0a\u8457\u63d2\u56fe\u300a\u6cd5\u8001\u6728\u4e43\u4f0a\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u963f\u62c9\u65af\u6cf0\u5c14\u8bd1236\u9875 \u7ebd\u7ea6\u5723\u9a6c\u4e01\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":14730,"lft":1482,"rght":1483,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-12T18:54:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T17:40:57.000000Z","language_id":18,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":20,"parent_id":850,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Biographies & Scholars","category_slug":"Biographies-Scholars","get_date":"2014-08-12","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-The Ones Who Perished.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-The Ones Who Perished.docx"},{"id":854,"title":"\u6ec5\u307c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6c11\uff08\u5f8c\u534a","slug":"dggfggg","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-The Ones Who Perished.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-The Ones Who Perished.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:dggfggg","hint":"","body":"

\u6ec5\u307c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6c11\uff08\u524d\u534a\uff09<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

www. Quran.nu, (edited by IslamReligion.com)<\/span>
<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\uff1a\u30ce\u30a2\u3001\u30b7\u30d0\u3001\u30a4\u30e9\u30e0\u3001\u30b5\u30fc\u30ea\u30d5\u306e\u6c11<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 “\u305d\u308c\u3067\u308f\u308c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u7f6a\u306b\u7167\u3089\u3057\u3066\u61f2\u3057\u3081\u305f\u3002\u3042\u308b\u8005\u306b\u306f\u7802\u77f3\u306e\u66b4\u98a8\u3092\u9001\u308a\u3001\u307e\u305f\u3042\u308b\u8005\u306b\u306f\u4e00\u58f0\uff08\u61f2\u7f70\uff09\u3067\u8972\u3044\u304b\u304b\u308a\u3001\u307e\u305f\u3042\u308b\u8005\u306f\u5927\u5730\u306b\u6c88\u3081\u3001\u307e\u305f\u3042\u308b\u8005\u3092\u6eba\u308c\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u795e\u304c\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u640d\u306a\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u640d\u306a\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002”\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f329:40<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u30ce\u30a2\u306e\u65b9\u821f<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

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 <\/strong>“\u5fa1\u8a00\u8449\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u300c\u5927\u5730\u3088\u3001\u6c34\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u8fbc\u3081\u3002\u5929\u3088\u3001\uff08\u96e8\u3092\uff09\u964d\u3089\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6b62\u3081\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002\u300d\u6c34\u306f\u5f15\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e8b\u614b\u306f\u6cbb\u307e\u308a\u3001\uff08\u30ce\u30a2\u306e\u65b9\u821f\u306f\uff09\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u5c71\u4e0a\u306b\u4e57\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u305f\u3002\u300d”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong>11:44\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n



<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u30b7\u30d0\u306e\u5bfa\u9662<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

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 “\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u30b7\u30d0\u3067\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4f4f\u307e\u3044\u306b\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u5370\u304c\u6388\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u53f3\u5074\u3068\u5de6\u5074\u306e2<\/strong>\u3064\u306e\u679c\u6a39\u5712\u3002\uff08\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u4ef0\u305b\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002\uff09\u300c\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u306e\u4e3b\u306e\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u98df\u7269\u3092\u98df\u3079\u3001\u304b\u308c\u306b\u611f\u8b1d\u305b\u3088\u3002\u571f\u5730\u306f\u7acb\u6d3e\u3067\u3001\u4e3b\u306f\u5bdb\u5927\u3067\u3042\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u300d\u3060\u304c\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\uff08\u795e\u304b\u3089\uff09\u80cc\u304d\u53bb\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3067\u308f\u308c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u6d2a\u6c34\u3092\u9001\u308a\u3001\u304b\u306e<\/strong>2\u3064\u306e\u5712\u3092\u3001\u67f3\u3068\u50c5\u304b\u3070\u304b\u308a\u306e\u30cf\u30de\u30ca\u30c4\u30e1\u306e\u82e6\u3044\u5b9f\u3092\u7d50\u3076\u5712\u306b\u5909\u3048\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u308f\u308c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5831\u3044\u305f\u3002\u308f\u308c\u3089\u304c\u3001\u4e0d\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff08\u6069\u3092\u5fd8\u308c\u308b\uff09\u8005\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u5831\u5fa9\u306a\u3069\u3057\u3088\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/strong>”\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f334:15−17<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

\u30a2\u30fc\u30c9\u3001\u30a4\u30e9\u30e0\u3001\u30a6\u30d0\u30eb<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

 “\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u4e3b\u304c\u3001\u3044\u304b\u306b\u30a2\u30fc\u30c9\uff08\u306e\u6c11\uff09\u3092\u51e6\u5206\u3055\u308c\u305f\u304b\u3092\u8003\u3048\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b\u3002\u5186\u67f1\u306e\u4e26\u3073\u7acb\u3064\u30a4\u30e9\u30e0\uff08\u306e\u90fd\uff09\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u985e\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u9020\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3002”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong>89:6−9\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u30a2\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u5de8\u4eba\u306e\u56fd\u5bb6\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u300c\u8ab0\u304c\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u305f\u3061\u3088\u308a\u3082\u529b\u304c\u5f37\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u300d<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f341:15\uff09\u3068\u3046\u305d\u3076\u304d\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5de8\u4f53\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4eba\u3005\u3092\u652f\u914d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u795e\u3092\u754f\u308c\u3001\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u547d\u3058\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5927\u534a\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30a4\u30e9\u30e03<\/a>\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306f\u300c\u7802\u6f20\u306e\u30a2\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u55a9\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u5bd3\u8a71\u304b\u795e\u8a71\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

\u3057\u304b\u3057\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30011973\u5e74\u306b4,300\u5e74\u524d\u306e\u53e4\u4ee3\u90fd\u5e02\u30a8\u30d6\u30e9\u304c\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2\u5317\u90e8\u3067\u767a\u6398\u3055\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u305f\u30022,500\u679a\u3082\u306e\u6954\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\u306e\u7c98\u571f\u677f\uff08\u5199\u771f\u4e0a\uff09\u304c\u30a8\u30d6\u30e9\u306e\u5bae\u6bbf\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3067\u6b21\u3005\u306b\u767a\u6398\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u306f\u300c\u30a4\u30e9\u30e0\u300d\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3001\u30a8\u30d6\u30e9\u3068\u901a\u5546\u3057\u305f\u56fd\u3005\u306e\u8a18\u9332\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u30594<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “\uff08\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u30a2\u30fc\u30c9\u4eba\u306b\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3002\uff09\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u306f\u9ad8\u5730\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u5730\u306b\u60aa\u622f\u306b\u7891\u3092\u5efa\u3066\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u306f\uff08\u6c38\u9060\u306b\uff09\u4f4f\u3082\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5805\u56fa\u306a\u9ad8\u697c\u3092\u5efa\u3066\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002”\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f326:128−129<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

1992\u5e74\u3001\u885b\u661f\u753b\u50cf\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3068\u3001\u30a4\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u901a\u308a\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u907a\u8de1\u304c\u3001\u30aa\u30de\u30fc\u30f3\u56fd\u5883\u4ed8\u8fd1\u306e\u7802\u6f20\u306e\u5965\u6df1\u304f\u3067\u767a\u898b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u306f\u4e73\u9999\u3092\u708a\u304f\u9676\u5668\u3001\u30d1\u30eb\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\u4eba\u306e\u9676\u5668\uff08\u5199\u771f\u4e0a\uff09\u3001\u307e\u305f\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u4fdd\u8b77\u3059\u308b90\u30bb\u30f3\u30c1\u306e\u58c1\u306a\u3069\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u305d\u306e\u8c4a\u304b\u3055\u3092\u3046\u304b\u304c\u3044\u77e5\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

\u767a\u6398\u4f5c\u696d\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u304c\u5de8\u5927\u306a\u7aaa\u307f\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u6c88\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u7834\u6ec5\u7684\u306a\u7d50\u672b\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u305d\u3073\u3048\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u8981\u585e\u30848\u672c\u306e\u67f1\u306e\u907a\u8de1\u304c\u898b\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30fc\u30c9\u4eba\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u81ea\u8eab\u3088\u308a\u3082\u71be\u70c8\u306a\u81ea\u7136\u306e\u529b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6ec5\u307c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u30595<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “\u3060\u304b\u3089\u308f\u308c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u707d\u5384\u306e\u6570\u65e5\u9593\u306b\u4e98\u308a\u3001\u66b4\u98a8\u96e8\u3092\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u9001\u3063\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u4e16\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5c48\u8fb1\u306e\u61f2\u7f70\u3092\u5473\u308f\u305b\u305f\u3002\u3060\u304c\u6765\u4e16\u306e\u61f2\u7f70\u306f\u66f4\u306b\u5c48\u8fb1\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3001\u8ab0\u306b\u3082\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u52a9\u3051\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002”\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f341:16<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

\u30b5\u30e0\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u6c11<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

 “\uff08\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30b5\u30fc\u30ea\u30d5\u306f\u30b5\u30e0\u30fc\u30c9\u4eba\u306b\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3002\uff09\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u306f\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001\u3044\u3064\u307e\u3067\u3082\u5b89\u6cf0\u3067\u3044\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u679c\u6a39\u5712\u3084\u6cc9\u3001\u7a40\u7269\u7551\u3084\u3001\u898b\u4e8b\u306a\u82e5\u5b9f\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u30ca\u30c4\u30e1\u30e4\u30b7\u306e\u5712\u3001\u307e\u305f\uff08\u5ca9\uff09\u5c71\u306b\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u304c\u5de7\u307f\u306b\u5bb6\u3092\u5207\u308a\u7a7f\u3063\u3066\u3082\uff08\u5b89\u6cf0\u3067\u3042\u308a\u5f97\u3088\u3046\u304b\uff09\u3002”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong>26:146−149\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “\uff08\u308f\u308c\u3089\u306f\uff09\u30b5\u30e0\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u6c11\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u540c\u80de\uff08\u9810\u8a00\u8005\uff09\u30b5\u30fc\u30ea\u30d5\u3092\uff08\u9063\u308f\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3002\u300c\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u4eba\u3073\u3068\u3088\u3001\u795e\u306b\u4ed5\u3048\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002\u304b\u308c\u306e\u4ed6\u306b\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u306b\u795e\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u304b\u308c\u306f\u5927\u5730\u304b\u3089\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u3092\u9020\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u4f4f\u307e\u308f\u305b\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3067\u304b\u308c\u306e\u8d66\u3057\u3092\u8acb\u3044\u9858\u3044\u3001\u6094\u609f\u3057\u3066\u304b\u308c\u306b\u8fd4\u308c\u3002\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u4e3b\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u3050\u8fd1\u304f\u306b\u304a\u3089\u308c\u3001\uff08\u7948\u308a\u306b\uff09\u5fdc\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5fa1\u65b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3002\u300c\u30b5\u30fc\u30ea\u30d5\u3088\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u308f\u305f\u3057\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u4ee5\u524d\u671b\u307f\u3092\u304b\u3051\u305f\u4eba\u7269\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\uff08\u4eca\uff09\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7956\u5148\u304c\u4ed5\u3048\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306b\u4ed5\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7981\u3058\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3002\u3060\u304c\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u52e7\u3081\u308b\u6559\u3048\u306b\u5c31\u3044\u3066\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u305f\u3061\u306f\u771f\u306b\u7591\u3044\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300d”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong>11:61−62\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306f\u30b5\u30e0\u30fc\u30c9\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30de\u30c0\u30fc\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30b5\u30fc\u30ea\u30d5\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30b4\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30bf\u30a6\u30f3\uff08\u5199\u771f\u4e0a\u30fb\u4e0b\uff09\u3092\u901a\u308a\u304b\u304b\u3063\u305f\u969b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “\u6d99\u306a\u3057\u306b\u3053\u3053\u306b\u7acb\u3061\u5165\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u3053\u306f\uff08\u795e\u306b\u3088\u308b\uff09\u61f2\u7f70\u306e\u571f\u5730\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u3002”<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5317\u3078480\u30ad\u30ed\u306e\u5730\u70b9\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u30da\u30c8\u30e9\u306e\u30ca\u30d0\u30c6\u30a2\u4eba\u3068\u540c\u65cf\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30b5\u30e0\u30fc\u30c9\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30b5\u30fc\u30ea\u30d5\u3092\u731b\u70c8\u306b\u62d2\u7d76\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u795e\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u7834\u6ec5\u7684\u306a\u97f3\u6ce2\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6ec5\u4ea1\u3055\u305b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u4f4f\u5c45\u306f\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u306b\u6b8b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5f8c\u4e16\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u5b9f\u306b\u6050\u308d\u3057\u3044\u300c\u3057\u308b\u3057\u300d\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

1<\/a> “‘Arkologists’ claim to have found Noah‘s Ark“, Martin Wroe.  The Observer<\/em> (London) 16 Jan 1994.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2<\/a> (http:\/\/www.yobserver.com\/cgi-bin\/yobserver\/exec\/view.cgi\/1\/8902), (http:\/\/www.viewzone.com\/sheba.country.html), (http:\/\/www.ucalgary.ca\/UofC\/events\/unicomm\/NewsReleases\/queen.htm)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

3<\/a> \u30a6\u30d0\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

4<\/a> Ebla: A Revelation in Archaeology<\/em>, Times Books, 1979, Wiedenfeld and Nicolson, Great Britain.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

5<\/a> \u304a\u3088\u305d\u897f\u66a6300\u5e74\u3001\u53e4\u4ee3\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u306e\u901a\u5546\u8def\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e73\u9999\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u3060\u3063\u305f\u30a6\u30d0\u30eb\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u305f\u90fd\u5e02\u304c\u3001\u5ffd\u7136\u3068\u59ff\u3092\u6d88\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4f1d\u8aac\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30a6\u30d0\u30eb\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u5f37\u6b32\u3055\u304b\u3089\u8150\u6557\u3057\u3001\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3082\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u3078\u306e\u61f2\u7f70\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u795e\u306f\u90fd\u5e02\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3078\u3068\u7d9a\u304f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u9053\u3082\u6d88\u3057\u53bb\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30a6\u30d0\u30eb\u306f\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u306b\u6e21\u3063\u3066\u5931\u308f\u308c\u305f\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u3001\u30d9\u30c9\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u306e\u8a00\u3044\u4f1d\u3048\u3001\u5343\u591c\u4e00\u591c\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u4f1d\u3048\u3089\u308c\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u30a6\u30d0\u30eb\u306e\u4f1d\u8aac\u306f\u4f5c\u308a\u8a71\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u78ba\u4fe1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u767a\u6398\u8abf\u67fb\u306e\u6210\u679c\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30011990\u5e74\u4ee3\u306bNASA\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u885b\u661f\u3068\u30ec\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5834\u6240\u306e\u767a\u898b\u306b\u4e00\u5f79\u8cb7\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002NASA\u306b\u3088\u308b\u52a9\u529b\u306f\u3001\u30a6\u30d0\u30eb\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u9375\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ea\u30e2\u30fc\u30c8\u30bb\u30f3\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u885b\u661f\u3001LANDSAT\u3068SPOT\u306b\u3088\u308b\u753b\u50cf\u306f\u7802\u6f20\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u9053\u7b4b\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u53e4\u3044\u30ad\u30e3\u30e9\u30d0\u30f3\u901a\u5546\u8def\u306e\u5f62\u8de1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9053\u7b4b\u306f\u30aa\u30de\u30fc\u30f3\u5357\u897f\u90e8\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30b7\u30b9\u30eb\u306e\u753a\u306b\u4ea4\u308f\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u63a2\u691c\u968a\u304c\u7802\u6f20\u5185\u306e\u76ee\u5370\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3057\u3066\u767a\u6398\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u3001\u53e4\u4ee3\u306e\u9676\u5668\u306e\u7834\u7247\u3001\u4e73\u9999\u708a\u304d\u306e\u9676\u5668\u3001\u8981\u585e\u306e\u907a\u8de1\u306a\u3069\u304c\u767a\u898b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30a6\u30d0\u30eb\u306f\u5b9f\u5728\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6ec5\u4ea1\u3082\u3064\u3058\u3064\u307e\u304c\u5408\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u8005\u3089\u306e\u63a8\u6e2c\u304c\u7684\u4e2d\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4f1d\u8aac\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30a6\u30d0\u30eb\u306f\u7834\u6ec5\u7684\u306a\u6700\u5f8c\u3092\u9042\u3052\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u767a\u6398\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u5de8\u5927\u306a\u77f3\u7070\u77f3\u306e\u6d1e\u7a9f\u304c\u8981\u585e\u306e\u4e0b\u304b\u3089\u767a\u898b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u306f\u6050\u3089\u304f\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u5730\u4e0b\u306b\u6ca1\u843d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u58ca\u6ec5\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u767a\u6398\u4f5c\u696d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u3082\u30014000\u5e74\u524d\u306e\u4e73\u9999\u901a\u5546\u8def\u306b\u307e\u3064\u308f\u308b\u751f\u6d3b\u306e\u69d8\u5b50\u304c\u767a\u898b\u3055\u308c\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08\u30ca\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u30fb\u30b8\u30aa\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u8a8c\u3000\u30de\u30ea\u30b5\u30fb\u30e9\u30fc\u30bd\u30f3\u3088\u308a  http:\/\/magma.nationalgeographic.com\/ngm\/0304\/feature2\/index.html\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\uff08\u5f8c\u534a\uff09\uff1a \u30e2\u30fc\u30bc\u3068\u30ed\u30c8\u306e\u6c11<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

“\u30d5\u30a1\u30e9\u30aa\u306f\uff08\u5927\u81e3\u306b\u547d\u3058\u3066\uff09\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3002\u300c\u30cf\u30de\u30f3\u3088\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u9ad8\u3044\u5854\u3092\u5efa\u3066\u3088\u3002\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304c\uff08\u5929\u56fd\u306e\uff09\u9580\u306b\u5230\u9054\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308c\u3070\u30e2\u30fc\u30bc\u306e\u795e\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3002\u3069\u3046\u305b\u5f7c\uff08\u30e2\u30fc\u30bc\uff09\u306f\u5618\u3092\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u9055\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3002\u300d\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30d5\u30a1\u30e9\u30aa\u306b\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u60aa\u3044\u884c\u3044\u304c\u7acb\u6d3e\u306b\u898b\u3048\u3066\u3001\uff08\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u9053\uff09\u304b\u3089\u7de0\u3081\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3002\u30d5\u30a1\u30e9\u30aa\u306e\u7b56\u8b00\u306f\u3001\u7834\u6ec5\u3092\u9f4e\u3059\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> <\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5343\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u6e21\u308a\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u5553\u5178\u4ee5\u5916\u3067\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u305f\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u306e\u300c\u30cf\u30de\u30f3\u300d\u306f\u3001\u30d0\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u5854\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30d0\u30d3\u30ed\u30cb\u30a2\u4eba\u306e\u5ef7\u81e3\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u975e\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5f7c\u306e\u8a00\u53ca\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5632\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u304c\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u4e0d\u7684\u78ba\u306a\u501f\u7528\u3092\u3057\u305f\u8a3c\u62e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u5f7c\u304c\u30d0\u30d3\u30ed\u30f3\u306e\u4f1d\u8aac\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3088\u308a\u3082\u524d\u306e\u51fa\u30a8\u30b8\u30d7\u30c8\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u3068\u3092\u6df7\u540c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

1799\u5e74\u3001\u30ca\u30dd\u30ec\u30aa\u30f3\u306e\u914d\u4e0b\u306e\u5927\u4f50\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u304c\u30a8\u30b8\u30d7\u30c8\u306e\u30ed\u30bc\u30c3\u30bf\u6e2f\u3067\u3001\u9ed2\u305a\u307f\u6843\u8272\u304c\u304b\u3063\u305f\u82b1\u5d17\u5ca9\uff08\u5199\u771f\u4e0a\uff09\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304c\u6539\u5b97\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a2\u30d6\u30c9\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u30fb\u30b8\u30e3\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30c9\u30fb\u30e1\u30cc\u30fc\u306e\u76ee\u306b\u5165\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u305d\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u3092\u4f9d\u983c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30ab\u30a4\u30ed\u3078\u3068\u9001\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7d00\u5143\u524d196\u5e74\u306b\u3055\u304b\u306e\u307c\u308b\u305d\u306e\u30ed\u30bc\u30c3\u30bf\u30fb\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u53e4\u4ee3\u30a8\u30b8\u30d7\u30c8\u306e\u795e\u8056\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30d2\u30a8\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3001\u6c11\u8846\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30e2\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u6587\u5b57\u306e\u4e09\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u767a\u898b\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u304c\u3088\u3046\u3084\u304f\u30a8\u30b8\u30d7\u30c8\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\u306e\u89e3\u8aad\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6210\u679c\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30a6\u30a3\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u535a\u7269\u9928\u306b\u5c55\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3001\u30e2\u30fc\u30bc\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u30d5\u30a1\u30e9\u30aa\u306e\u77f3\u7891\u306e\u7891\u6587\u306e\u89e3\u8aad\u306b\u6210\u529f\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u306f\u300c\u30cf\u30de\u30f3\u300d\u306e\u540d\u304c\u7891\u6587\u306b\u523b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f1<\/a>\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5f7c\u306b\u306f\u300c\u63a1\u77f3\u5834\u306e\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u306e\u9577\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u79f0\u53f7\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f2<\/a>\u3002\u307e\u3055\u306b\u3001\u30d5\u30a1\u30e9\u30aa\u306f\u5f7c\u306b\u9ad8\u3044\u5854\u306e\u5efa\u8a2d\u3092\u547d\u3058\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/strong>“\u307e\u305f\uff08\u308f\u308c\u3089\u304c\u61f2\u7f70\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\uff09\u30b3\u30e9\u3068\u30d5\u30a1\u30e9\u30aa\u3068\u30cf\u30de\u30f3\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u30e2\u30fc\u30bc\u304c\u660e\u8a3c\u3092\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u305f\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u9ad8\u6162\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u308f\u308c\u3089\u3092\u51cc\u3050\u3053\u3068\u306f\u51fa\u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002”\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f329:39<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 “\u3060\u304c\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u3001\u308f\u308c\u3089\u306f\u5f8c\u306e\u8005\u3078\u306e\u3057\u308b\u3057\u3068\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u8eab\u4f53\u3092\u6551\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3002\u3060\u304c\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u308f\u308c\u3089\u306e\u3057\u308b\u3057\u3092\u758e\u304b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong>10:92\uff093<\/a><\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “\u308f\u308c\u3089\u306f\u305d\u306e\uff08\u30bd\u30c9\u30e0\u306e\u753a\u3092\uff09\u4e0a\u3092\u4e0b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u8ee2\u8986\u3057\u3001\u713c\u3044\u305f\u6ce5\u306e\u77f3\u3092\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u964d\u3089\u305b\u305f\u3002\u5b9f\u306b\u3053\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u77e5\u6027\u3042\u308b\u8005\u3078\u306e\u3001\u7a2e\u3005\u306e\u3057\u308b\u3057\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\uff08\u753a\u306e\u8de1\uff09\u306f\u3001\uff08\u30de\u30c3\u30ab\u304b\u3089\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2\u3078\u3068\u7d9a\u304f\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u6b7b\u6d77\u306e\u3042\u308b\uff09\u5927\u9053\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u306a\u304a\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5b9f\u306b\u3053\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3059\u308b\u8005\u3078\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u3057\u308b\u3057\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002”\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f315:74−77<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30ed\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u540c\u6027\u611b\u3068\u6291\u5727\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8b66\u544a\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u5371\u5bb3\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u795e\u306f\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u7537\u8272\u8005\u3078\u7a7a\u304b\u3089\u7149\u74e6\u3092\u964d\u3089\u305b\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5730\u3092\u76db\u308a\u4e0a\u304c\u3089\u305b\u3066\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u3072\u3063\u304f\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6b7b\u6d77\uff08\u5199\u771f\u4e0a\uff09\u306e\u6d77\u6c34\u306f\u305d\u306e\u6050\u308d\u3057\u3044\u7834\u58ca\u306e\u8de1\u5730\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u305d\u306e\u5730\u306b\u6804\u3048\u305f\u4eba\u3005\u3092\u3046\u304b\u304c\u3044\u77e5\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u3001\u50c5\u304b\u306a\u907a\u8de1\uff08\u5199\u771f\u4e0b\uff09\u306e\u307f\u304c\u767a\u898b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

\u305d\u308c\u3086\u3048\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u8af8\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u9038\u8a71\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6559\u8a13\u3092\u5f97\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u6587\u660e\u306e\u7d76\u9802\u3092\u8b33\u6b4c\u3057\u3001\u83ab\u5927\u306a\u308b\u5bcc\u3092\u7bc9\u3044\u3066\u6a29\u529b\u3068\u540d\u58f0\u3092\u5f97\u3066\u3044\u305f\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u3078\u306e\u611f\u8b1d\u3092\u5fd8\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u865a\u507d\u306b\u5f93\u3044\u3001\u5076\u50cf\u3092\u5d07\u62dd\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u9000\u5ec3\u7684\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u8150\u6557\u3057\u3001\u50b2\u6162\u304b\u3064\u6a2a\u67c4\u3001\u307e\u305f\u6b8b\u8650\u3067\u6291\u5727\u7684\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u795e\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u5947\u8de1\u3068\u5553\u793a\u3092\u643a\u3048\u305f\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3092\u9063\u308f\u305b\u3001\u304b\u308c\u306e\u6069\u5bf5\u3092\u601d\u3044\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u305b\u3001\u304b\u308c\u3078\u306e\u7fa9\u52d9\u3092\u5b88\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306e\u307f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u5168\u3066\u306e\u5275\u9020\u7269\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u516c\u6b63\u3067\u6148\u60b2\u6df1\u304f\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u547d\u3058\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u3057\u308b\u3057\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u9811\u8ff7\u306b\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3092\u8cab\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3092\u62d2\u7d76\u3057\u3001\u5632\u7b11\u3057\u3001\u8efd\u8511\u3057\u3001\u8650\u5f85\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3001\u6bba\u5bb3\u3092\u3082\u8a66\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u9042\u306b\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u305d\u306e\u795e\u3092\u3082\u6016\u308c\u306c\u614b\u5ea6\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u7834\u6ec5\u3092\u6025\u3044\u3060\u305f\u3081\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u671b\u307f\u3082\u8a00\u3044\u5206\u3082\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u795e\u306f\u5730\u3092\u6e05\u3081\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u907a\u8de1\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306e\u8a13\u6212\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u795e\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u795e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5553\u793a\u3092\u4e0b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a73\u7d30\u3092\u78ba\u4fe1\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u6717\u8aa6\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u51fa\u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5148\u4eba\u306e\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6d88\u606f\u304c\u4f1d\u9054\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3002\u30ce\u30a2\u3001\u30a2\u30fc\u30c9\u3001\u30b5\u30e0\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u6c11\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u307e\u305f\u8ee2\u8986\u3057\u305f\uff08\u30bd\u30c9\u30e0\u306e\uff09\u8af8\u90fd\u5e02\uff08\u306e\u6d88\u606f\u304c\uff09\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u660e\u8a3c\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3084\u3063\u3066\u6765\u305f\u3002\u795e\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u640d\u306a\u308f\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3060\u304c\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u5bb3\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002”\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f39:70<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

1<\/a> Walter Wreszinski, Aegyptische Inschriften aus dem K.K. Hof Museum in Wien, 1906, J. C. Hinrichs' sche Buchhandlung.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2<\/a> Hermann Ranke, Die Ägyptischen Personennamen, Verzeichnis der Namen, Verlag Von J. J. Augustin in Glückstadt, Band I, 1935, Band II, 1952.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

3<\/a> \u4e0a\u306f\u3001\u7d05\u6d77\u3067\u6eba\u6b7b\u3057\u305f\u30d5\u30a1\u30e9\u30aa\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30df\u30a4\u30e9\u306e\u5199\u771f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u53c2\u7167\uff1aMummies of the Pharaohs: Modern Medical Investigations. By Maurice Bucaille. Translated by Alastair D. Pannell and the author. Illustrated. 236 pp. New York: St. Martin's Press.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":11762,"lft":1484,"rght":1485,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-12T18:54:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T17:04:29.000000Z","language_id":16,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":20,"parent_id":850,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Biographies & Scholars","category_slug":"Biographies-Scholars","get_date":"2014-08-12","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ja-The Ones Who Perished.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ja-The Ones Who Perished.docx"},{"id":1166,"title":"The Virtue of Truthfulness","slug":"the-virtue-of-truthfulness","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/The Virtue of Truthfulness.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/The Virtue of Truthfulness.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:the-virtue-of-truthfulness","hint":"","body":"

The Virtue of Truthfulness<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(part 1 of 2): The Status and Reward of Truthfulness<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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“O you who believe!  Have fear of God, and be among the truthful.” (Quran 9:119)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ask the average person to define truthfulness and the answer will most likely be restricted to something about truthful speech.  Islam, however, teaches that truthfulness is far more than having an honest tongue.  In Islam, truthfulness is the conformity of the outer with the inner, the action with the intention, the speech with belief, and the practice with the preaching.  As such, truthfulness is the very cornerstone of the upright Muslim’s character and the springboard for his virtuousness deeds.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The great sage and scholar of Islam, Ibn al-Qayyim, said: “Truthfulness is the greatest of stations, from it sprout all the various stations of those traversing the path to God; and from it sprouts the upright path which if not trodden, perdition is that person’s fate.  Through it is the hypocrite distinguished from the believer and the inhabitant of Paradise from the denizen of Hell.  It is the sword of God in His earth: it is not placed on anything except that it cuts it; it does not face falsehood expect that it hunts it and vanquishes it; whoever fights with it will not be defeated; and whoever speaks it, his word will be made supreme over his opponent.  It is the very essence of deeds and the well spring of spiritual states, it allows the person to embark boldly into dangerous situations, and it is the door through which one enters the presence of the One possessing Majesty.  It is the foundation of the building of Islam, the central pillar of the edifice of certainty and the next level in ranking after the level of prophethood.”[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

By practicing truthfulness, a person betters himself, his life is made upright and due to it, he is elevated to praiseworthy heights and raised in ranks in the sight of God as well as the people.  As the Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, related:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“I order you to be truthful, for indeed truthfulness leads to righteousness, and indeed righteousness leads to Paradise.  A man continues to be truthful and strives for truthfulness until he is written as a truthful person with God.  And beware of falsehood, for indeed falsehood leads to sinning, and indeed sinning leads to the Fire.  A man continues to tell lies and strives upon falsehood until he is written as a liar with God.” (Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

So, truthfulness is something which is to be cultivated till it becomes implanted in a person’s soul and disposition and therefore reflected throughout the person’s character.  Ali b. Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, mentioned the positive reciprocal effect of behaving truthfully with people in this worldly life:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Whoever does three things with regards to people, they will necessitate three things from him: whenever he speaks to them he is truthful; whenever they entrust him with something he does not betray them; and whenever he promises them something he fulfils it.  If he does this, their hearts will love him; their tongues will praise him; and they will come to his aid.”[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

As for the Next Life, through God’s Grace and Mercy, the obedient ones - practitioners of truthfulness - will reach a station in Paradise alongside those most fortunate of souls mentioned in the revelation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And whosoever obeys God and His Messenger, such will be in the company of those whom God has blessed: the Prophets, the truthful ones, the martyrs, and the righteous.  And how excellent a company are such people!” (Quran 4:69)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

In fact, truthfulness is an essential attribute of every single prophet who graced the earth.  We are told in the Quran:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And mention in the Book, Abraham: surely he was a most truthful Prophet.” (Quran 19:41)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And mention in the Book, Ishmael: surely, he was a man true to his word, and he was a Messenger, a Prophet.” (Quran 19:54)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And mention in the Book, Enoch: surely he was a most truthful Prophet.” (Quran 19:56)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

We also read in the Quran how a man incarcerated alongside the Prophet Joseph addressed him with the words:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Joseph!  O most truthful one!...” (Quran 12:46)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…and that Mary, the mother of Jesus, was also declared truthful in the Words of God:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“The Messiah (Jesus), son of Mary, was no more than a Messenger; many were the Messengers that passed away before him.  His mother (Mary) was a truthful one, a Believer….” (Quran 5:75)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

… and the Companions of God’s Messenger, the “believers” mentioned time and time again in the Quran, also reached the lofty ranks of the truthful ones:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“The believers are but those people who believed in God and His Messenger without ever feeling doubt thereafter, and strove with their souls and possessions in the way of God; those are the ones who are the truthful.” (Quran 49:15)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Hence, to tread the path of truthfulness is to tread the path of the most righteous of God’s creation.  And as for ways and means to engender this most noble of virtues into our daily lives, then we have been left an ocean of teachings from God’s Final Messenger to humanity, the Prophet Muhammad, detailing and describing precisely what the virtue, nay!, the injunction<\/em> of truthfulness requires.  One from among these vast and numerous sayings of God’s Messenger is his plea:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Guarantee for me six things and I will guarantee Paradise for you: tell the truth when you speak, fulfill your promises, be faithful when you are trusted, safeguard your private parts, lower your gaze, and withhold your hands (from harming others).”[3]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

And God confirmed the truthfulness of these words of His Beloved Messenger with His Own True Word:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“For Muslim men and women, for believing men and women, for devout men and women, for truthful men and women, for patient men and women, for humble men and women, for charitable men and women, for fasting men and women, for men and women who guard their chastity, and for men and women who engage much in God’s praise: for them has God prepared forgiveness and a great reward.” (Quran 33:35)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Madarij as-Salikeen<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Ibn Muflih, Adaab ash-Shari’a<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Reported by Ubaadah, in As<\/em>-Saheehah<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(part 2 of 2): Lying and Hypocrisy<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Just as truthfulness is the very cornerstone of the upright person’s character and the springboard for his virtuousness, falsehood, its opposite, is the foundation of a person’s depravity and the launch pad for his wickedness.  Just as the truthfulness of a person starts from within - that is, it is a reflection of a state of true faith - a person’s dishonesty, lying and deceit is also a reflection of the inner state.  This is why God mentions truthfulness as being the opposite of hypocrisy:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“That God may reward the truthful for their truthfulness, and punish the hypocrites if He wills, or turn mercifully towards them...” (Quran 33:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…and why He mentions sincerity as a mark of truthfulness.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“So that God might recompense the truthful for their truthfulness….”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Little wonder then that the most righteous and truthful of people, the Prophets of God[1]<\/a>  and their true followers, were not belied, denounced, opposed, oppressed and rejected except by those who were given to dishonesty, deceit and hypocrisy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“It is only those who believe not in the Signs of God, who fabricate falsehood, and it is they who are the liars.” (Quran 16:105)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

That is regards to falsehood in faith.  As for falsehood in deed, God states in the Quran.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“...that He may try you, which of you is the best in deeds.” (Quran 67:2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

A scholar from the early period of Islam, Fudail ibn Iyaad, commented on this verse, explaining:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“‘which of you Is the best in deeds’ <\/strong>means ‘the most sincere and correct.’  If the deed is sincere and not correct, it will not be accepted, and if it is correct and not sincere, it will not be accepted.  It will not be accepted until it is both sincere and correct!”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

One everyday example of where sincerity and correction of action are often subverted by falsehood is in the buying and selling of goods.  Hence we find the Prophet saying:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“If they (two parties meeting to trade) are truthful and clarify (any and all deficiency in their goods), their transaction will be blessed.  But if they lie and conceal (any deficiency in their goods), the blessings of their transaction will be eradicated.”[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

And what of falsehood in speech?  Falsehood of the tongue, or what is more commonly referred to as lying, is a characteristic roundly rejected by the entire world – even if its inhabitants may fall into it from time to time.  After all, if God would punish his last and greatest Prophet in case he were to lie…<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“If he (Prophet Muhammad) had invented false sayings concerning Us, We would surely have grasped him firmly, and then cut off the artery of his heart, and none of you could have withheld Us from doing this.” (Quran 69:44-7)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…then how could lying be acceptable from anyone else besides His Prophet?!  And he, the Prophet Muhammad, the Truthful One, said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“A slave’s faith will not be upright until his heart is upright, and his heart will not be upright until his tongue is upright, and a man whose neighbor is not safe from his harm will not enter Paradise.”[3]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Prophet said: “A person lies and lies, until he is written with God as a habitual liar.” (Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Thus, the habitual liar is despised, truly and thoroughly despised, by all – even his own kind – as no-one can trust a liar, not even other liars.  And just as clarity in speech is a sign of truthfulness, so then ambiguity, innuendo, sarcasm and every other form of deception and trickery of the tongue is denounced in Islam.  Even lying in jest has been condemned by the Prophet when he said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“I guarantee a house in the middle of Paradise for the one who leaves off lying even if it be in jest.”[4]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

...and his saying:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Woe to the person who lies to make people laugh!  Woe to him, woe to him!”[5]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Prophet’s closest friend and immediate temporal successor, Abu Bakr as-\u015eiddeeq<\/em> (i.e. the truthful - so named by the Prophet due to the truthfulness of his faith), further said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Beware of lying, for lying opposes (true) faith.”[6]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

And the daughter of Abu Bakr, Aisha, who was the beloved wife of the Prophet, mentioned that:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“There was no trait more abhorrent to the Messenger of God, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, than lying.”[7]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Suffice as a deterrence from lying is its being listed as a trait of that most wretched of conditions: hypocrisy.  The Prophet Muhammad said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“The signs of the hypocrite are three: when he speaks he lies; when he makes an oath he breaks it; and when he is entrusted with something he betrays that trust.”[8]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Not only do we learn about the abhorrence of directly lying itself, but Islam also mercifully educates us as to the dangers of all that which indirectly<\/em> leads to lying.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Again from Aishah we learn that the Prophet would invoke his Lord, praying:“O God!  I seek refuge with you from all sins, and from being in debt.”<\/strong> When asked: “O Messenger of God!  You frequently seek refuge with God from being in debt!”<\/strong>  The Prophet of God replied: “If a person is in debt, he tells lies when he speaks, and breaks his promises when he promises.”<\/strong>[9]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

In the same vain, the Prophet explicitly ordered his followers:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Leave that which causes you doubt for that which does not cause you doubt.  For in truthfulness lies tranquility, and in lying lies doubt.”[10]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Striving for truthfulness then, in spirit, word and deed, is a matter which requires the utmost steadfastness from the believer, as well as the utmost vigilance against the dangers of falsehood, insincerity, deceit and hypocrisy:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“That God will reward the People of Truth for their truth, and punish the hypocrites if that be His Will, or turn to them in Mercy; for God is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” (Quran 33:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> The Companion, Anas b. Malik, reported that the Prophet even mentioned how: ‘A Prophet does not (even) wink!’<\/em> <\/strong>(Abu Dawud, Nisaa'ee, Hakim, Ahmad<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Reported by Hakim b. Hizam, in Saheeh Al-Bukhari and Saheeh Muslim<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Reported by the Companion, Anas b. Malik in As-Saheehah<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> Reported by Abu Umamah, in At-Tirmidhi<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[5]<\/a> Reported by Mu‘awiyah b. Jaydah al-Qushayri in Abu Dawud<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[6]<\/a> Bayhaqi, Shu‘ab al-Iman<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[7]<\/a> Ahmad<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[8]<\/a> Reported by the Companion, Abu Hurayrah, in Saheeh Al-Bukhari and Saheeh Muslim<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[9]<\/a> Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[10]<\/a> Reported by Al-Hasan b. Ali, in At-Tirmidhi<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":22007,"lft":2107,"rght":2122,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T01:29:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T21:41:03.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":17,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Morals & Ethics","category_slug":"Morals-and-Ethics","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/The Virtue of Truthfulness.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/The Virtue of Truthfulness.docx"},{"id":1167,"title":"La Virtud de la Sinceridad","slug":"la-virtud-de-la-sinceridad","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-The Virtue of Truthfulness.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-The Virtue of Truthfulness.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:la-virtud-de-la-sinceridad","hint":"","body":"

La Virtud de la Sinceridad<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(parte 1 de 2): Recompensa y estatus<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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“¡Oh, creyentes! Temed a Dios y contaos entre los veraces”. (Corán 9:119)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Pídale a una persona estándar que defina sinceridad y su respuesta probablemente se restrinja a algo acerca de la sinceridad al hablar. Sin embargo, el Islam profesa que la sinceridad precede al discurso sincero. En el Islam la sinceridad es la comunión del interior con el exterior, de la acción con la intención, la correlación del discurso y la creencia y de la práctica con la prédica. Como tal, la sinceridad es la piedra angular de la rectitud en el carácter del musulmán y el trampolín de sus acciones virtuosas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

El gran erudito y sabio del Islam, Ibn Al-Qayyim, dijo: “La sinceridad es el más grandioso de todos los estados, de ella brotan los demás estados que atraviesan el camino de Dios, y a partir de ella germina el sendero de la rectitud, el cual debe ser transitado para que la perdición no se convierta en el destino del caminante. A través ésta se distinguen al hipócrita del creyente y al habitante del Paraíso de quien reside en el Infierno. Es la espada de Dios en Su tierra: no se la coloca sobre nada sin que lo corte; no contempla engaño que no aceche y venza; quien luche con ella de su lado no será derrotado, y quien la exprese superará a su adversario con su palabra. Es la esencia de las buenas acciones y el florecimiento de los estados espirituales, permite que la persona se embarque intrépidamente en situaciones peligrosas, y es la puerta por la que uno ingresa a la presencia del Majestuoso. Es el cimiento de la construcción del Islam, el pilar central del edificio de la certeza y el nivel que le sigue a la profecía”.[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Al cultivar la sinceridad el ser evoluciona, su vida se endereza, y gracias a ello alcanza un elevado y alabable estado mientras que su condición es enaltecida, tanto a la vista de Dios como de las personas. Así como el Profeta Muhammad (que la paz y las bendiciones de Dios sean con él) relató:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

“Sean sinceros, pues la sinceridad conduce a la rectitud, y efectivamente la rectitud conduce al Paraíso. Un hombre perpetúa su sinceridad y se esfuerza por alcanzar la sinceridad hasta que es registrado como una persona íntegra ante Dios. Tened cuidado con el engaño, pues el engaño conduce al pecado, y el pecado conduce al Fuego. Un hombre continúa diciendo mentiras y hace lo posible por engañar hasta que es registrado como un mentiroso ante Dios”. (Sahih Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Por ende, la sinceridad es un rasgo que debe cultivarse hasta implantarse en el alma y disposición del ser y, por consiguiente, reflejarse en el carácter de la persona. Ali Bin Abi Talib, primo y yerno del Profeta Muhammad, mencionó la reciprocidad positiva al actuar sinceramente en esta vida terrenal:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Quien haga tres cosas por la gente, ellos le pedirán tres cosas: cuando hable que sea sincero, cuando se le asigne una misión que no traicione, y cuando prometa algo que lo cumpla. Si procede de este modo sus corazones lo apreciarán<\/strong>, sus lenguas lo alabarán y recurrirán en su ayuda”.<\/strong>[2]<\/strong><\/a> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

En cuanto a la vida del más allá, a través de la Gracia y Misericordia de Dios, los obedientes –practicantes de la sinceridad– alcanzarán una morada en el Paraíso junto a las almas más afortunadas que fueron mencionadas en la revelación.     <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Quienes obedezcan a Dios y al Mensajero estarán con quienes Dios ha agraciado: los profetas, los veraces, los que murieron dando testimonio [de su fe] y los justos. ¡Qué excelentes compañeros!” (Corán 4:69)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

De hecho, la sinceridad es un atributo esencial de cada uno de los profetas  que habitó la Tierra. Nos es anunciado en el Corán:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “Y nárrales [¡Oh, Muhammad!] la historia de Abraham que se menciona en el Libro [el Corán]. Por cierto que era un Profeta veraz”. (Corán 19:41)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Y nárrales la historia de Ismael mencionada en el Libro. Siempre cumplió su palabra, fue Profeta y Mensajero”.<\/strong>(Corán 19:54)<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Y nárrales la historia de Enoc que se menciona en el Libro. Fue un Profeta veraz”. (Corán 19:56)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

También, leemos en el Corán las palabras dirigidas al profeta José de parte de un hombre encarcelado junto a él:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “¡Oh José! ¡Oh, veraz!...” (Corán 12:46)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…y que María, la madre de Jesús, también fue declarada veraz por medio de las Palabras de Dios:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“El Mesías hijo de María es sólo un Mensajero, igual que los otros Mensajeros que le precedieron, y su madre fue una fiel y veraz creyente”. (Corán 5:75)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

… y los Compañeros del Mensajero de Dios, los “creyentes”, fueron mencionados una y otra vez en el Corán como las personas sinceras y veraces:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Por cierto que los verdaderos creyentes son quienes creen en Dios y en Su Mensajero, y no dudan en contribuir con sus bienes o esforzarse por la causa de Dios. Esos son los sinceros en la fe”. <\/strong>(Corán 49:15)<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Por lo tanto, seguir el sendero de la sinceridad es seguir el sendero más digno de entre las creaciones de Dios. En cuanto a los modos y recursos disponibles para suscitar a ésta, la más noble de las virtudes en nuestra vida cotidiana, contamos con un océano de enseñanzas legadas a la humanidad por el último Mensajero de Dios, el Profeta Muhammad. Estas detallan y describen lo que la sinceridad requiere y lo que dicha virtud prohíbe. Entre los vastos y numerosos dichos del Mensajero de Dios se encuentra:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “Garantízame seis cosas y te garantizaré el Paraíso: di la verdad cuando hables, cumple tus promesas, mantén tu fidelidad cuando se confíe en ti, preserva tus partes íntimas, recata tu mirada y guarda tus manos (de dañar a otros)”.[3]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dios confirmó la autenticidad de las palabras de Su Amado Mensajero con Sus Propias Palabras:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Dios les tiene reservado Su perdón y una gran recompensa a los musulmanes y las musulmanas, a los creyentes y las creyentes, a los piadosos y las piadosas, a los justos y las justas, a los pacientes y las pacientes, a los humildes y las humildes, a aquellos y aquellas que hacen caridades, a los ayunadores y las ayunadoras, a los pudorosos y las pudorosas, y a aquellos y aquellas que recuerdan frecuentemente a Dios”. (Corán 33:35)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Madariy As-Salikin<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Ibn Muflih, Adab Ash-Shari’a<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Narrado por  Ubadah, en As<\/em>-Sahihah<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(parte 2 de 2): Mentira e hipocresía<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Así como la sinceridad es la piedra angular de la rectitud en el carácter del musulmán y el trampolín de su virtud, el engaño, su opuesto, es el cimiento de la depravación e impulso de su perversidad. Así como la integridad de una persona se origina en su interior –es decir que refleja un estado de fe verdadera– la deshonestidad, la mentira y la traición también reflejan el estado de su interior. Es por ello que Dios menciona la sinceridad como lo opuesto a la hipocresía:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Dios [decidió probaros en la fe] para recompensar a los sinceros por su sinceridad y castigar a los hipócritas si Él quiere, o [por Su voluntad los guíe y] los perdone; en verdad Dios es Absolvedor, Misericordioso”. (Corán 33:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…y la razón por la cual menciona a la sinceridad como un distintivo de integridad:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Para recompensar a los sinceros por su sinceridad...”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

No es de extrañarnos, entonces, que las personas más virtuosas e íntegras: los profetas de Dios[1]<\/a> y sus discípulos incondicionales fueron calumniados, enfrentados, oprimidos y rechazados por quienes se entregaron a la deshonestidad, el engaño y la hipocresía.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“… inventan mentiras quienes no creen en los signos de Dios. Ellos son los mentirosos”. (Corán 16:105)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Eso es referente al engaño en la fe. Respecto al engaño en las obras, Dios determina en el Corán:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Él es Quien creó la muerte y la vida para probaros y distinguir quién de vosotros obra mejor. Él es Poderoso, Absolvedor”. (Corán 67:2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Un contemporáneo al período temprano del Islam, el estudioso Fudail Bin Iyad, comentó en una explicación sobre dicho versículo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“‘…quién de vosotros obra mejor’ <\/strong>significa ‘el más correcto y sincero’. Si la obra es sincera aunque no sea correcta no será aceptada; y si es correcta a pesar de no ser sincera, tampoco será aceptada. ¡No será aceptada hasta que sea tanto sincera como correcta!”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Un ejemplo cotidiano sobre cómo la sinceridad y la rectitud en las obras se ven subvertidas por el engaño se encuentra en el comercio. El Profeta expresó en relación a ello:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Si (ambas partes que se encuentran para comerciar) son sinceros y aclaran (la totalidad de cualquier deficiencia de sus artículos), su transacción será bendecida. Pero si mienten y ocultan (cualquier deficiencia de sus artículos), las bendiciones de su transacción serán anuladas”. [2]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

¿Y el discurso engañoso? El engaño de la palabra, a lo que comúnmente se refiere como mentira, es una particularidad rechazada por el mundo entero –incluso si sus habitantes cayeran en ésta de vez en cuando–. Después de todo, hasta Dios prometió castigar incluso a su último y más grandioso Profeta en caso que mintiera...<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Y si [el Profeta] hubiera inventado algunas mentiras sobre Nosotros le habríamos tomado fuertemente, luego le habríamos cortado la arteria vital, y ninguno de vosotros habría podido impedirlo”. (Corán 69:44-7)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…entonces, ¿cómo podría ser aceptable mentir si no lo es para el Profeta? Él mismo afirmó:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“La fe del siervo no será correcta hasta que su corazón sea correcto, y su corazón no será correcto hasta que sus palabras no sean correctas; y el hombre que no proteja de su daño a su vecino no ingresará al Paraíso”.[3]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

El Profeta señaló: “Una persona miente y miente hasta que es registrada ante Dios como mentirosa”. <\/strong>(Sahih Al-Bujari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Por lo tanto, quien habitualmente miente es despreciado, verdadera y totalmente despreciado por todos –incluso por su propia gente– ya que nadie puede confiar en un mentiroso, ni siquiera otros mentirosos. Así como la transparencia en el discurso es una señal de sinceridad, la ambigüedad, insinuación, sarcasmo y toda forma de engaño y artificios orales son considerados en el Islam como reprobables. Aún el mentir en broma fue condenado por el Profeta cuando expresó:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Garantizo una morada en el Paraíso a quien deje de mentir, incluso tratándose de una broma”.[4]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

...y sus palabras:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“¡Desgraciado el que genere risa a cuestas de la mentira! ¡Pobre de él, pobre de él!”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

El amigo más íntimo del Profeta y su sucesor temporal inmediato, Abu BakrAs-\u015eiddiq <\/em> (El Sincero, nombrado de ese modo por el Profeta debido a la sinceridad de su fe), advirtió:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Cuidado con la mentira, pues la mentira es opuesta a la fe (verdadera)”.[5]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

La hija de Abu Bakr, Aisha, quien fue la amada esposa del Profeta, dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“No había rasgo más detestable para el Mensajero de Dios –que la paz y las bendiciones de Dios sean con él– que la mentira”.[6]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Debe ser suficiente para renunciar a la mentira el saber que ha sido mencionada como un rasgo de la más desgraciada de las condiciones: la hipocresía. El Profeta Muhammad dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Las características del hipócrita son tres: cuando habla miente; cuando se compromete a un juramento lo quiebra; y cuando le es confiado algo traiciona dicha confianza”.[7]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

No solamente aprendemos de la aversión de la mentira en sí misma, sino que el Islam, por misericordia, también nos educa sobre los peligros a los que indirectamente nos puede llevar la mentira.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Aishah nos informa que el Profeta invocaba a su Señor, suplicando: “¡OhDios! En ti busco refugio de todas las faltas y las deudas”<\/strong>. Se le preguntó al Profeta: “¡Oh, Mensajero de Dios, frecuentemente buscas refugiarte en Dios para no tener deudas”.<\/strong>  El Profeta, que la paz y la misericordia de Dios sean con él, respondió: “Si una persona se encuentra endeudada miente cuando habla y rompe sus promesas”.<\/strong>[8]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

El Profeta le ordenó a sus seguidores explícitamente:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Deja lo que te causa duda por lo que no te hace dudar. Pues en la sinceridad yace la tranquilidad y en la mentira yace la duda”.[9]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Luchar por alcanzar sinceridad de espíritu, palabra y obras es una cuestión que requiere de suma firmeza por parte del creyente, al igual que extrema vigilancia frente a los peligros del engaño, el disimulo, la traición y la hipocresía:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Dios [decidió probaros en la fe] para recompensar a los sinceros por su sinceridad y castigar a los hipócritas si Él quiere, o [por Su voluntad los guíe y] los perdone; en verdad Dios es Absolvedor, Misericordioso”. (Corán 33:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> El Compañero Anas Bin Malik, reportó que el Profeta dijo: “¡Un Profeta ni siquiera (engaña) haciendo un guiño!”<\/em> <\/strong>(Abu Dawud, Nasa'i, Hakim, Ahmad<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Registrado por Hakim Bin Hizam en Sahih Al-Bujari <\/em>y Sahih Muslim<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Registrado por el compañero Anas Bin Malik en Sahihah<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> Registrado por Abu Umamah en Tirmidhi<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[5]<\/a> Bayhaqi, Shu’ab Al-Iman<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[6]<\/a> Ahmad<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[7]<\/a> Narrado por Abu Hurairah en Sahih Al-Bujari y Sahih Muslim<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[8]<\/a> Sahih Al-Bujari<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[9]<\/a> Narrado por Hasan Bin Ali, registrado en Tirmidhi<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":14965,"lft":2108,"rght":2109,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T01:29:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T20:22:35.000000Z","language_id":12,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":17,"parent_id":1166,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Morals & Ethics","category_slug":"Morals-and-Ethics","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-The Virtue of Truthfulness.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-The Virtue of Truthfulness.docx"},{"id":1168,"title":"La vertu de l\u2019honn\u00eatet\u00e9","slug":"la-vertu-de-lhonntet","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-The Virtue of Truthfulness.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-The Virtue of Truthfulness.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:la-vertu-de-lhonntet","hint":"","body":"

La vertu de l’honnêteté<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>\r\n

(partie 1 de 2) : Le statut de l’honnêteté et sa rétribution<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

« Ô vous qui croyez!  Craignez Dieu et soyez avec les véridiques. » (Coran 9:119)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Si vous demandez aux gens de vous définir l’honnêteté, beaucoup vous donneront une réponse qui fera allusion à la vérité et la sincérité du discours.  Mais l’islam nous enseigne que l’honnêteté va bien plus loin que le simple discours véridique.  En islam, l’honnêteté est la conformité parfaite entre l’intérieur et l’extérieur, entre l’intention et l’action, entre la croyance et le discours, entre la prédication et la pratique.  L’honnêteté est donc la pierre angulaire du caractère du musulman et le tremplin de ses actions vertueuses.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Un des grands érudits de l’islam, Ibn al-Qayyim, a dit : « L’honnêteté et la véracité sont les qualités les plus élevées, car c’est d’elles qu’émanent toutes les autres qualités de ceux qui suivent la voie de Dieu; et c’est d’elles que provient la voie de la vertu, laquelle doit être empruntée pour ne pas sombrer dans la perdition.  C’est par ces qualités que se distinguent les hypocrites des croyants, et les habitants de l’Enfer des habitants du Paradis.  Elles sont l’épée de Dieu sur terre; elles ne se posent sur rien sans le trancher net; elles chassent le mensonge et triomphent de lui; quiconque se bat à l’aide d’elles ne sera jamais défait; et celui dont le discours est empreint d’elles, ses paroles vaincront son opposant.  Elles constituent l’essence des bonnes actions et la source de l’élan spirituel.  Elles permettent à ceux qui les possèdent d’affronter avec courage les situations dangereuses, et elles sont le lien qui nous met en contact avec Celui qui possède toute la Majesté.  Elles constituent les assises de l’islam, le pilier central de l’édifice de la certitude; et ceux qui les possèdent se situent tout juste au-dessous des prophètes. »[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

En s’efforçant d’être constamment honnête et véridique, une personne devient meilleure au fil du temps, elle mène une vie plus vertueuse et, grâce à ses qualités, occupe une position élevée auprès de Dieu comme auprès des hommes.  Comme l’a dit le prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Je vous ordonne d’être véridiques en tout temps, car cela mène à la vertu, et la vertu mène au Paradis.  L’homme qui est toujours véridique et qui s’efforce sans cesse de l’être finit par être inscrit comme véridique auprès de Dieu.  Et méfiez-vous du mensonge, car le mensonge mène au péché, et le péché mène au feu de l’Enfer.  L’homme qui passe son temps à mentir et qui ne cesse de le faire finit par être inscrit comme menteur auprès de Dieu. » (sahih Mouslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

L’honnêteté, donc, est une qualité qui doit être cultivée jusqu’à ce qu’elle soit parfaitement implantée dans l’âme d’une personne et qu’elle se reflète dans son caractère et ses manières.  Ali b.Abi Talib, le cousin et gendre du prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a parlé des répercussions positives de la véracité et de l’honnêteté, en cette vie :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Quiconque fait trois choses, dans ses rapports avec les autres, connaîtra trois types de réactions, de leur part : quand il parle, il est véridique; quand on lui confie quelque chose, il ne trahit jamais; et chaque fois qu’il promet une chose, il remplit sa promesse.  S’il fait cela, leurs cœurs l’aimeront, leurs langues le loueront et ils lui apporteront leur aide quand il en aura besoin. »[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Quant à l’au-delà, ceux qui obéissent à Dieu et qui sont véridiques auront accès, par la grâce et la miséricorde de Dieu, à un lieu, au Paradis, où ils seront en compagnie des âmes bienheureuses mentionnées dans la révélation :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Ceux qui obéissent à Dieu et au messager… ceux-là seront avec ceux que Dieu a comblés de Ses bienfaits : les prophètes, les véridiques, les martyrs et les vertueux.  Et quels bons compagnons que ceux-là ! » (Coran 4:69)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

En fait, le caractère véridique a été un attribut essentiel de chaque prophète que Dieu a envoyé sur terre.  Dans le Coran, Dieu dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« (Ô Mohammed), parle d’Abraham, dans le Livre; c’était un véridique et un prophète. » (Coran 19:41)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Et mentionne Ismaël, dans le Livre.  Il était certes fidèle à ses promesses; et c’était un messager (de Dieu) et un prophète. » (Coran 19:54)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Et mentionne Idris, dans le Livre.  C’était un véridique et un prophète. » (Coran 19:56)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le Coran fait également mention d’un homme incarcéré aux côtés du prophète Joseph (que la paix soit sur lui) et qui s’adressa à ce dernier en ces termes :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Ô toi, Joseph !  Le véridique ! » (Coran 12:46)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

... et que Marie, mère de Jésus, fut également déclarée véridique par Dieu :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Le Messie, fils de Marie, n’était qu’un messager.  Avant sa venue, des messagers (comme lui) sont passés.  Sa mère était une femme véridique... » (Coran 5:75)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

... et que des compagnons du prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui), les « croyants » mentionnés à maintes reprises dans le Coran, avaient eux aussi atteint la position élevée des véridiques :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Les (vrais) croyants sont seulement ceux qui croient en Dieu et en Son messager et qui, par la suite, ne sont plus jamais sujets au doute.  Ils luttent (en dépensant de) leurs biens et (en risquant) leur vie pour la cause de Dieu; tels sont les croyants (vraiment) sincères. » (Coran 49:15)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ainsi, emprunter la voie de la vérité, c’est emprunter la voie des plus vertueux parmi la création de Dieu.  Quant aux moyens d’acquérir cette noble vertu et de l’implanter dans nos vies quotidiennes, le dernier messager envoyé à l’humanité, le prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui), nous a laissé de nombreux enseignements à cet égard, décrivant ce que requiert l’honnêteté et le caractère véridique.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Garantissez-moi six choses et je vous garantis le Paradis en retour : que vous disiez la vérité lorsque vous parlez, que vous remplissiez toutes vos promesses, que vous soyez à la hauteur de la confiance qu’on vous porte, que vous préserviez votre sexe [des relations illicites], que vous baissiez votre regard et que vous reteniez vos mains [de faire du tort aux autres]. »[3]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Et Dieu a confirmé la véracité des paroles de Son messager dans le Coran :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Les musulmans et les musulmanes, les croyants et les croyantes, obéissants et obéissantes, ceux et celles qui sont véridiques, patients et patientes, ceux et celles qui sont humbles, ceux et celles qui pratiquent la charité, ceux et celles qui jeûnent, ceux et celles qui gardent leur chasteté, ceux et celles qui invoquent souvent Dieu, pour tous ceux-là et celles-là, Dieu a préparé un pardon et une récompense énorme. » (Coran 33:35)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Madarij as-Salikin<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Ibn Mouflih, Adaab ash-Shari’a<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Rapporté par Ubaadah, dans As<\/em>-Sahihah<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (partie 2 de 2) : Le mensonge et l’hypocrisie<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Tout comme l’honnêteté et la vérité dans les propos sont la pierre angulaire du caractère vertueux d’une personne et le tremplin vers la noblesse de tempérament, le mensonge, qui est son opposé, constitue le fondement de la dépravation d’une personne et la rampe de lancement vers sa perversité.  Tout comme l’honnêteté d’une personne naît de son for intérieur – i.e. qu’elle est le reflet de sa foi – la malhonnêteté d’une personne, son habitude de mentir et de tromper sont aussi le reflet de ce qui se trouve au fond d’elle.  C’est pourquoi Dieu fait de l’honnêteté et du caractère véridique l’opposé de l’hypocrisie :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« [Tout cela] afin que Dieu récompense les véridiques pour leur fidélité et châtie les hypocrites, s’Il le veut, ou leur pardonne (s’Il le veut). » (Coran 33:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

... et de la sincérité (du propos) un signe d’honnêteté et de fidélité :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« ...afin que Dieu récompense les véridiques pour leur fidélité... »<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Il n’est donc pas étonnant que les personnes les plus vertueuses et les plus véridiques, c’est-à-dire les prophètes de Dieu et leurs fidèles, n’aient été trompés, dénoncés, opprimés et rejetés que par ceux qui étaient malhonnêtes, trompeurs et hypocrites.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Seuls ceux qui ne croient pas aux révélations de Dieu forgent des mensonges.  Tels sont les menteurs. » (Coran 16:105)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Cela fait référence à l’hypocrisie au niveau de la foi.  Quant à l’hypocrisie dans les actions, Dieu dit, dans le Coran :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« [C’est Lui] qui a créé la vie et la mort afin de vous éprouver et [de déterminer] qui d’entre vous a la meilleure conduite. » (Coran 67:2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Un érudit des premiers temps de l’islam, Foudayl bin Iyaad, a ainsi commenté ce verset :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« qui d’entre vous a la meilleure conduite<\/strong> » fait référence aux plus sincères et à ceux dont les actions sont conformes (à la loi divine).  Si l’action est sincère mais non conforme, elle ne sera pas acceptée; et si elle est conforme mais non sincère, elle ne sera pas acceptée non plus.  Elle ne sera acceptée que si elle est à la fois sincère et conforme. »<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Un exemple courant où la sincérité et la rectitude de l’action sont souvent corrompues par le mensonge et la tromperie est le commerce.  C’est pourquoi le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Si deux parties se rencontrant pour faire une transaction sont sincères et révèlent clairement (tout défaut dans leurs produits), leur transaction sera bénie.  Mais s’ils mentent et tentent de cacher (tout défaut dans leurs produits), leur transaction ne recevra aucune bénédiction. » (rapporté par Hakim b. Hizam dans al-Boukhari et Mouslim)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Quant au mensonge dans le discours, c’est une caractéristique largement rejetée par toute la population mondiale – même si la plupart des gens s’en rendent coupables de temps à autre.  Même que Dieu dit, dans le Coran, qu’Il aurait châtié son prophète s’il avait menti :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Et s’il (Mohammed) Nous avait prêté de faux propos, Nous l’aurions certainement saisi par sa main droite et lui aurions tranché l’aorte sans qu’aucun d’entre vous ne puisse s’y opposer. » (Coran 69:44-7)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Alors comment le mensonge pourrait-il être acceptable provenant de qui que soit d’autre que le prophète de Dieu?  Et le prophète Mohammed, le Véridique, a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« La foi du serviteur (de Dieu) ne sera pas droite tant que son cœur ne sera pas droit; et son cœur ne sera pas droit tant que sa langue ne le sera pas; et celui dont le voisin n’est pas à l’abri du mal qu’il pourrait lui faire n’entrera pas au Paradis. » <\/strong>(rapporté par Anas b. Malik dans as-Sahihah) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Et le Prophète a dit : « Une personne ne cesse de mentir jusqu’à ce qu’elle soit inscrite comme menteuse invétérée auprès de Dieu. » <\/strong>(sahih al-Boukhari<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le menteur invétéré est donc méprisé, vraiment et totalement méprisé par tous (et même par ceux qui lui ressemblent), car nul ne peut faire confiance à un menteur, pas même les autres menteurs.  Et tout comme la clarté dans le discours est un signe de véracité, l’ambiguïté, les insinuations, le sarcasme et toute forme de tromperie ou de ruse dans le discours est dénoncé par l’islam.  Même mentir pour plaisanter a été condamné par le Prophète lorsqu’il a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Je garantis une maison au milieu du Paradis à celui qui cesse de mentir, même si c’est pour plaisanter. » (rapporté par Abou Oumamah dans at-Tirmidhi)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

...et :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Malheur à celui qui ment pour faire rire les autres!  Malheur à lui!  Malheur à lui! » <\/strong>(rapporté par Mou’awiyah b. Jaydah al-Qoushayri dans Abou Daoud) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

L’ami le plus proche du Prophète et son successeur immédiat, Abou Bakr as-Siddiq (nom qui signifie « le véridique » et qui lui fut donné par le Prophète à cause de la sincérité de sa foi) a également dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Méfiez-vous du mensonge, car le mensonge s’oppose à la foi (véritable). » (Bayhaqi, Shou‘ab al-Iman<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Et ‘Aisha, la fille d’Abou Bakr et épouse du Prophète, a affirmé :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Aucun trait de caractère ne répugnait plus au Messager de Dieu (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) que le mensonge. » (Ahmad)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Pour se dissuader de mentir, il suffit de savoir que le mensonge est un des principaux signes d’un des pires défauts qui soient : l’hypocrisie.  Le prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Les signes de l’hypocrite sont au nombre de trois: quand il parle, il ment; quand il prête serment, il finit par le violer; et quand on lui confie une chose, il trahit cette confiance. » (rapporté par Abou Hourayrah dans al-Boukhari et Mouslim)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Non seulement l’islam voit-il le mensonge comme une chose répugnante, mais il nous met également en garde contre tout ce qui peut indirectement mener au mensonge.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Selon ‘Aisha, le Prophète invoquait parfois son Seigneur en disant : « Ô Allah!  Je cherche refuge auprès de Toi contre tous les péchés et contre l’endettement.<\/strong> »  Lorsqu’on lui fit remarquer : « Ô messager de Dieu, tu cherches souvent protection auprès de Dieu contre l’endettement<\/strong> », il répondit : « Si une personne est endettée, elle ment quand elle parle et rompt ses promesses quand elle promet.<\/strong> » (sahih al-Boukhari<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dans la même vaine, le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a ordonné à ses fidèles :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Laissez tomber ce au sujet de quoi vous avez des doutes pour ce qui ne vous fait point douter.  Car dans la véracité se trouve la tranquillité, tandis que dans le mensonge se trouve le doute. » (rapporté par al-Hassan b. Ali dans at-Tirmidhi)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

S’efforcer d’être toujours honnête et véridique, en esprit, en paroles et en actions requiert une grande résolution et beaucoup de fermeté de la part du croyant, de même que la plus grande vigilance contre les dangers du mensonge, de la tromperie et de l’hypocrisie :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« [Tout cela] afin que Dieu récompense les véridiques pour leur fidélité et châtie les hypocrites, s’Il le veut, ou leur pardonne (s’Il le veut).  Certes, Dieu est Pardonneur et Miséricordieux. » (Coran 33:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Die Tugend der Wahrhaftigkeit<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"
<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(teil 1 von 2): Die Stellung und die Belohnung für Wahrhaftigkeit<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

“O ihr, die ihr glaubt, fürchtet Gott und seid mit den Wahrhaftigen.” (Quran 9:119)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wenn du den durchschnittlichen Menschen bittest, Wahrhaftigkeit zu definieren, wird die Antwort höchstwahrscheinlich auf wahrhaftige Rede beschränkt sein.  Der Islam lehrt allerdings, dass Wahrhaftigkeit weit mehr ist als eine ehrliche Zunge.  Im Islam ist Wahrhaftigkeit die Übereinstimmung des Äußerlichen mit dem Innerlichen, der Tat mit der Absicht, der Aussage mit dem Glauben und der Handlungsweise mit dem Predigen.  Als solches stellt die Wahrhaftigkeit den wirklichen Grundstein für den Charakter des aufrechten Muslim und das Sprungbrett für seine tugendhaften Taten dar. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der große weise Gelehrte des Islam Ibn al-Qayyim sagte: \"Wahrhaftigkeit ist der großartigste der Standorte, von ihr sprießen die verschiedenen Standorte all jener, die den Weg zu Gott kreuzen; und von ihr sprießt der rechte Weg, der wenn er nicht betreten wird, das Verderben für das Schicksal des Menschen ist.  Durch sie wird der Heuchler vom Gläubigen unterschieden und die Bewohner des Paradieses von den Insassen des Höllenfeuers.  Es ist das Schwert Gottes auf Seiner Erde: es wird auf nichts gelegt, ohne dass es schneidet; es sieht nichts Falsches, ohne es zu jagen und zu besiegen; wer damit kämpft, wird nicht besiegt; und wer sie spricht, dessen Wort wird vor dem seines Gegners ausgezeichnet.  Sie ist die eigentliche Essenz der Taten und der gute Ursprung spiritueller Stadien, sie gestattet der Person, in gefährlichen Situationen kühn zu handeln, und sie ist die Tür, durch die jemand in die Anwesenheit des Einen, Der die Majestät besitzt, eintritt.  Sie ist die Grundlage des Bauwerks des Islam, der zentrale Pfeiler des Gebäudes der Sicherheit und die nächste Stufe im Rang nach der Stufe des Prophetentums.”[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Indem er Wahrhaftigkeit praktiziert, verbessert der Mensch sich selbst, sein Leben wird aufrecht und deswegen wird er auf lobenswerte Höhen angehoben und sein Rang aus der Sicht Gottes ebenso wie aus der der Menschen wird erhöht.  Der Prophet Muhammad, Gottes Segen und Frieden seien auf ihm, berichtete uns:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ich befehle euch, wahrhaftig zu sein, denn wahrlich, die Wahrhaftigkeit führt zur Rechtschaffenheit und wahrlich, die Rechtschaffenheit führt zum Paradies.  Ein Mann fährt damit fort, wahrhaftig zu sein und stebt nach Wahrhaftigkeit, bis er bei Gott als eine wahrhaftige Person aufgeschrieben wird.  Und nehmt euch von der Falschheit in acht, denn wahrlich, Falschheit führt zum Sündigen und wahrlich, Sündigen führt zum Feuer.  Ein Mann fährt damit fort, Lügen zu erzählen und nach der Falschheit zu streben, bis er bei Gott als ein Lügner aufgeschrieben wird.” (Sahieh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Also ist Wahrhaftigkeit etwas, das gepflegt werden sollte, bis es in der Seele und dem Wesen des Menschen eingepflanzt ist und deshalb den gesamten Charakter der Person widerspiegelt.  Ali bin Abi Talib, der Kousin und Schwiegersohn des Propheten Muhammad, erwähnte die positiven wechselseitigen Auswirkungen davon, sich mit den Menschen in diesem weltlichen Leben wahrhaftig zu verhalten: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Wer in bezug auf die Menschen drei Dinge tut, für den werden sie drei Dinge bezwecken: wenn er mit ihnen spricht, ist er wahrhaftig; wenn sie ihm etwas anvertrauen, betrügt er sie nicht; und wenn er ihnen etwas verspricht, erfüllt er es.  Wenn er dies tut, werden ihre Herzen ihn lieben; ihre Zungen werden ihn loben und sie werden ihm zur Hilfe eilen.”[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Was das nächste Leben angeht, werden die Gehorsamen – die Wahrhaftigkeit praktizieren – durch die Gnade und die Barmherzigkeit Gottes eine Stellung im Paradies erreichen, an der Seite der glücklichsten Seelen, die in der Offenbarung erwähnt werden. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und wer Gott und Seinem Gesandten gehorcht, soll unter denen sein, denen Gott Seine Huld gewährt, unter den Propheten, den Wahrhaftigen, den Zeugen und den Rechtschaffenen – welch gute Gefährten!” (Quran 4:69)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

In der Tat ist Wahrhaftigkeit eine wesentliche Eigenschaft jedes Propheten, der auf Erden wandelte.  Im Qur´an wird uns gesagt: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und erwähne in diesem Buch Abraham.  Er war ein Wahrhaftiger, ein Prophet.  ” (Quran 19:41)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und erwähne in diesem Buch Ismael.  Er blieb wahrlich seinem Versprechen treu und er war ein Gesandter, ein Prophet.” (Quran 19:54)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und erwähne in diesem Buch Idries.  Er war ein Wahrhaftiger, ein Prophet.” (Quran 19:56)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wir lesen ebenfalls im Qur´an, wie ein Mann, der mit dem Propheten Josef im Gefängnis war, ihn mit den Worten ansprach:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Josef, o du Wahrhaftiger!” (Quran 12:46)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…und dass Maria, die Mutter von Jesus, mit den Worten Gottes ebenfalls als wahrhaftig bezeichnet wird: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Der Messias, der Sohn der Maria, war nur ein Gesandter; gewiß andere Gesandte sind vor ihm dahingegangen.  Und seine Mutter (Maria) war eine Wahrhaftige…” (Quran 5:75)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

… und die Gefährten des Gesandten Gottes, die \"Gläubigen\", von Zeit zu Zeit wieder im Qur´an erwähnt, erreichten ebenfalls die hohen Ränge der Wahrhaftigen: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Die Gläubigen sind nur jene, die an Gott und Seinen Gesandten glauben und dann nicht (am Glauben) zweifeln und sich mit ihrem Besitz und ihrem eigenen Leben für die Sache Gottes einsetzen.  Das sind die Wahrhaftigen.” (Quran 49:15)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wenn man daher den Weg der Wahrhaftigen beschreitet, beschreitet man den Weg der Rechtschaffendsten von Gottes Schöpfung.  Und was die Wege und Mittel angeht, um diese edelsten Werte in unserem täglichen Leben zu erzeugen, so ist uns ein Ozean an Lehren von Gottes letztem Gesandtem an die Menschheit, dem Propheten Muhammad, überlassen worden, in denen detailliert und präzise beschrieben ist, was diese Tugend, nein, eher was der Befehl zur Wahrhaftigkeit erfordert.  Eine von diesen breiten und zahlreichen Aussprüchen des Gesandten Gottes ist sein Eid: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Garantiert mir sechs Dinge, und ich werde euch das Paradies garantieren: sagt die Wahrheit, wenn ihr sprecht; erfüllt eure Versprechen; seid zuverlässig, wenn euch etwas anvertraut wird; bewahrt euer Geschlecht; senkt euren Blick und haltet eure Hände zurück (davor, anderen zu schaden).”[3]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Und Gott bestätigt die Wahrhaftigkeit dieser Worte Seines geliebten Gesandten mit Seinem Eigenen wahren Wort: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Wahrlich, die muslimischen Männer und die muslimischen Frauen, die gläubigen Männer und die gläubigen Frauen, die gehorsamen Männer und die gehorsamen Frauen, die wahrhaftigen Männer und die wahrhaftigen Frauen, die geduldigen Männer und die geduldigen Frauen, die demütigen Männer und die demütigen Frauen, die Männer, die Almosen geben, und die Frauen, die Almosen geben, die Männer, die fasten, und die Frauen, die fasten, die Männer, die ihre Keuschheit wahren, und die Frauen, die ihre Keuschheit wahren, die Männer, die Gottes häufig gedenken, und die Frauen, die (Gottes häufig) gedenken – Gott hat ihnen (allen) Vergebung und großen Lohn bereitet.” (Quran 33:35)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Madarij as-Salikien<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Ibn Muflih, Adaab asch-Schari’a<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Berichtet von Ubaadah, in As<\/em>-Sahiehah<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(teil 2 von 2): Lügen und Heuchelei<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Genau wie die Wahrhaftigkeit der Grundstein des aufrechten Charakters eines Menschen ist und das Sprungbrett für seine Tugendhaftigkeit, ist Falschheit, das Gegenteil davon, die Grundlage für die Verdorbenheit eines Menschen und die Abschussrampe für seine Schlechtigkeit.  Genau wie die Wahrhaftigkeit von innen her beginnt – das heißt, sie ist eine Widerspiegelung des wahren Glaubens – ist auch die Unehrlichkeit, das Lügen und der Betrug eine Widerspiegelung des inneren Zustands.  Aus diesem Grund erwähnt Gott die Wahrhaftigkeit als das Gegenteil der Heuchelei: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Gott belohne die Wahrhaftigen für ihre Wahrhaftigkeit und bestrafe die Heuchler, wenn Er will, oder wende Sich ihnen in Barmherzigkeit zu…” (Quran 33:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…und aus dem Er Ehrlichkeit als ein Zeichen für Wahrhaftigkeit erwähnt.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Gott belohne die Wahrhaftigen für ihre Wahrhaftigkeit…”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Kaum verwunderlich, dass die rechtschaffendsten und ehrlichsten Menschen die Propheten Gottes gewesen sind[1]<\/a> und deren wahren Anhänger.  Lediglich von denen, die sich der Unehrlichkeit, dem Betrug und der Heuchelei hingegeben hatten, wurden sie belogen und denunziert; von jenen wurde ihnen widersprochen; von jenen wurden sie unterdrückt und zurückgewiesen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Wahrlich, es sind ja nur jene, die nicht an die Zeichen Gottes glauben, die da Falsches erdichten; und sie allein sind die Lügner.” (Quran 16:105)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Soviel in bezug auf Falscheit im Glauben.  Was Falschheit in den Taten angeht, sagt Gott im Qur´an:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“...auf dass Er euch prüfe, wer von euch die besseren Taten verrichte…” (Quran 67:2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ein Gelehrter aus der frühen Zeit des Islam, Fudail bin Iyaad, kommentierte diesen Vers und erklärte ihn: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“‘wer von euch die besseren Taten verrichte’ <\/strong>bedeutet, ´der ehrlichste und korrekteste´.  Wenn die Tat ehrlich, aber nicht korrekt ist, wird sie nicht angenommen und wenn sie korrekt ist aber nicht ehrlich, wird sie nicht angenommen.  Sie wird nicht angenommen, bis sie beides ist: ehrlich und korrekt!”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ein alltägliches Beispiel wo Ehrlichkeit und Korrektheit häufig von Falschheit untergraben wird, ist das Kaufen und Verkaufen von Gütern.  Daher sagte der Prophet:   <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Wenn sie (die beiden Seiten, die sich zu einem Handel treffen) wahrhaftig sind und (jeglichen Mangel an ihren Gütern) klären, wird ihr Geschäft gesegnet sein.  Aber wenn sie lügen und (irgendeinen Mangel an ihren Gütern) verbergen, wird der Segen ihres Geschäfts vernichtet.”[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Und was ist mit falscher Rede?  Die Falschheit der Zunge oder geläufiger als lügen ist eine Eigenschaft, die von der gesamten Welt abgelehnt wird – auch wenn ihre Bewohner ihr von Zeit zu Zeit verfallen.  Wenn Gott sogar Seinen letzten und größten Propheten bestrafen würde, sollte dieser lügen... <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und hätte er irgendwelche Aussprüche in Unserem Namen ersonnen, hätten Wir ihn gewiss bei der Rechten gefasst und ihm dann die Herzader durchgeschnitten.  Und keiner von euch hätte (Uns) von ihm abhalten können.” (Quran 69:44-7)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…wie könnte es dann von jemand anderen als dem Propheten akzeptiert werden?  Und er, der Prophet Muhammad, der Aufrichtige, sagte: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Der Glaube eines Dieners wird nicht aufrecht sein, bevor sein Herz nicht aufrecht ist, und sein Herz wird nicht aufrecht sein, bevor seine Zunge nicht aufrecht ist, und ein Mann, dessen Nachbar nicht vor seinem Schaden sicher ist, wird nicht das Paradies betreten.”[3]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Prophet sagte: “Eine Person lügt und lügt, bis sie bei Gott als gewohnheitsmäßiger Lügner aufgeschrieben wird.” (Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Also wird der gewohnheitsmäßige Lügner verachtet, wirklich und wahrhaftig verachtet, von allen – auch von seiner Sorte – denn niemand kann einem Lügner vertrauen, nicht einmal andere Lügner.  Und genau wie Klarheit in der Sprache ein Zeichen für Wahrhaftigkeit ist, werden Mehrdeutigkeit, Anspielungen, Sarkasmus und jede andere Art des Betrugs und des Schwindels mit der Zunge im Islam kritisiert.  Sogar im Scherz zu Lügen hat der Prophet verflucht, als er sagte: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ich garantiere ein Haus in der Mitte des Paradieses für denjenigen, der auf lügen verzeichtet, sogar im Scherz.”[4]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

...und er sagte: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Wehe dem, der lügt, um die Menschen zum Lachen zu bringen!  Wehe ihm, wehe ihm!”[5]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der engste Freund des Propheten und sein unmittelbarer Nachfolger Abu Bakras-\u015eiddieq<\/em> (d.h. der Wahrhaftige – so genannt vom Propheten wegen seiner Wahrhaftigkeit im Glauben) sagte desweiteren:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Hütet euch davor, zu lügen, denn lügen widerspricht (wahrem) Glauben.”[6]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Und die Tochter von Abu Bakr, Aischa, die geliebte Frau des Propheten, erwähnte: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Es gab keinen (Charakter-) Zug, den der Gesandte Gottes, Gottes Segen und Frieden seien auf ihm, mehr verachtete als lügen.”[7]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Als Abschreckung vom Lügen sollte genügen, dass es als ein Charakterzug mit aufgezählt wird, der zu den verdorbensten Zuständen gehört: Heuchelei.  Der Prophet Muhammad sagte: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Die Zeichen des Heuchlers sind drei: wenn er spricht, lügt er, wenn er schwört, bricht er den Schwur und wenn ihm etwas anvertraut wird, betrügt er.”[8]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wir lernen nicht nur von der Abscheulichkeit des direkten Lügens, der Islam belehrt uns auch barmherzig über die Gefahren aller Dinge, die indirekt<\/em> zum Lügen führen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wieder von Aischa lernen wir, dass der Prophet, Gottes Segen und Frieden seien auf ihm, seinen Herrn im Bittgebet anflehte: “O Gott!  Ich suche Zuflucht bei Dir vor allen Sünden und davor, Schulden zu haben.”<\/strong>  Als er gefragt wurde: “O Gesandter Gottes!  Du suchst regelmäßig Zuflucht bei Gott davor, Schulden zu haben!”<\/strong>  Der Prophet Gottes antwortete: “Wenn jemand Schulden hat, erzählt er Lügen, wenn er spricht, und bricht seine Versprechen, wenn er verspricht.”<\/strong>[9]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Prophet befahl seinen Anhängern: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Laßt das, was euch zweifeln läßt, für das, was euch nicht zweifeln läßt.  Denn in Wahrhaftigkeit liegt Ruhe und in Lügen liegt Zweifel.”[10]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Also im Geist, in Wort und Tat nach Wahrhaftigkeit zu streben, erfordert die äußerste Standhaftigkeit von einem Gläubigen, ebenso wie die äußerste Wachsamkeit gegen die Gefahren der Falschheit, Unehrlichkeit, Betrug und Heuchelei. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Gott belohne die Wahrhaftigen für ihre Wahrhaftigkeit und bestrafe die Heuchler, wenn Er will, oder wende Sich ihnen in Barmherzigkeit zu.  Wahrlich, Gott ist Allverzeihend, Barmherzig.” (Quran 33:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Der Gefährte Anas b. Malik berichtete, dass der Prophet erwähnte: ‘Ein Prophet zwinkert nicht (mal)!’<\/em> <\/strong>(Abu Dawud, Nisaa'ie, Hakim, Ahmad<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Berichtet von Hakim b. Hizam, bei Sahieh Al-Bukhari und Sahieh Muslim<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Berichtet durch den Gefährten Anas b. Malik bei As-Sahiehah<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> Berichtet von Abu Umamah bei At-Tirmidhi<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[5]<\/a> Berichtet von Mu‘awiyah b. Jaydah al-Qushayri bei Abu Dawud<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[6]<\/a> Bayhaqi, Shu‘ab al-Iman<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[7]<\/a> Ahmad<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[8]<\/a> Berichtet durch den Gefährten Abu Hurayrah, in Sahieh Al-Bukhari und Sahieh Muslim<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[9]<\/a> Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[10]<\/a> Berichtet von Al-Hasan b. Ali, bei At-Tirmidhi<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":15129,"lft":2112,"rght":2113,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T01:29:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:10:30.000000Z","language_id":7,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":17,"parent_id":1166,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Morals & Ethics","category_slug":"Morals-and-Ethics","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-The Virtue of Truthfulness.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-The Virtue of Truthfulness.docx"},{"id":1170,"title":"\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438","slug":"-sfhhfhf","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-The Virtue of Truthfulness.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-The Virtue of Truthfulness.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:-sfhhfhf","hint":"","body":"

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\"\"
<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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 <\/p>\r\n

«\u041e \u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438! \u0411\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 9:119)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435: «\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 “\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0443”». \u041a \u0441\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c. \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c – \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0445. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443. \u0410 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e: \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 – \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 – \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043c. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c – \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0418\u0431\u043d \u0430\u043b\u044c-\u041a\u0430\u0439\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: «\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c – \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443. \u0421 \u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e – \u0436\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0433\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c – \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0447 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435: \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0431\u044b \u043b\u043e\u0436\u044c \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u0412\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u044e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0437\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a  \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u041c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e – \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430» (“\u041c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0436 \u0430\u0441-\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043d”).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0411\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0420\u0430\u0439. \u0418 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0443 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c. \u0418 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043b\u0436\u0438, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u043b\u043e\u0436\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443,  \u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u041e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044c. \u0418 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0443 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043b\u0436\u0435\u0446\u043e\u043c» (\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438, \u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u044c-\u041c\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c)<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435. \u0410\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0438 \u0422\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431, \u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043a \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438: \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432; \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442, \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c; \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e, \u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0431\u044f\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0438\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c»<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0410 \u0432 \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u043e \u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0420\u0430\u044e \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432  \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0422\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0443 \u0438 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438!» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 4:69)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c – \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e. \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u041f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0430 (\u0410\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0430\u043c\u0430). \u041e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 19:41)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u041f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0418\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 (\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430). \u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 19:54)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u041f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0418\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0430. \u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 19:56)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a  \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0419\u0443\u0441\u0443\u0444\u0443 (\u0418\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0443) \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041e\u043d \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: «\u041e \u0419\u0443\u0441\u0443\u0444 (\u0418\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0444)! \u041e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0436!» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 12:46)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041c\u0430\u0440\u044c\u044f\u043c (\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f) \u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0418\u0441\u044b (\u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0430) \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u044b\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0440\u044c\u044f\u043c (\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438), \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0414\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 5:75)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, «\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435», \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0438 \u0415\u0433\u043e \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 49:15)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e.  \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430 – \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439, \u0438 \u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0439: \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0445, \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u043e\u0440, \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c».<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u0441\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043d\u044e \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043d\u044e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 33:35)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041b\u043e\u0436\u044c \u0438 \u0414\u0432\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2 \u0438\u0437 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0442\u043e \u043b\u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432, – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0435\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0418 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0438 \u043b\u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044e:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u041e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 33:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c…»<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 – \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043b\u043e\u0436\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0436\u0435\u0446\u044b» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 33:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0436\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043e \u043b\u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0430\u0445:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u044c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 67:2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0423\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0424\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044c \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0418\u0439\u044f\u0434 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439  \u0430\u044f\u0442:  «…\u0447\u044c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435» <\/strong>– \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435<\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c; \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u043e\u043d\u0435<\/strong>\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0435!<\/strong>»<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0439, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 (\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438) \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u044a\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430, \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u043b\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430, \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f»<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u0436\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0445, \u0438\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f, \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0430\u043d, \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 – \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 – \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u043b, \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0431\u044b \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e…<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u041d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u041c\u044b \u0441\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0443 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043a\u043e), \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443, \u0438 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0431\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 69:44-47)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

… \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u0445. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c. \u0410 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0436\u0438. \u0410 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0420\u0430\u0439»<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0427\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043b\u0436\u0435\u0446\u043e\u043c» (\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438)<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a, \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0436\u0435\u0446\u0430, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u043d, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0446 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443. \u0418 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0439 ­– \u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0432\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043c, \u0445\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c  \u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c. \u0418\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0448\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0443. «\u042f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e \u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0420\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0436\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0448\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445»,<\/strong> – \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0413\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0436\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445! \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443…»<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0411\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0410\u0431\u0443 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0440 \u0410\u0441-\u0421\u0438\u0434\u0434\u0438\u043a (\u0410\u0441-\u0421\u0438\u0434\u0434\u0438\u043a – \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0439; \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c) \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043b\u0436\u0438, \u0438\u0431\u043e \u043b\u043e\u0436\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435»<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0410\u0439\u0448\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u0447\u044c \u0410\u0431\u0443 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b\u0430:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043b\u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c».<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0436\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u043d\u0443\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 – \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430: \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 – \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442; \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 – \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e; \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e – \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442»<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0436\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0439.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041e\u0442 \u0410\u0439\u0448\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b: «\u041e \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c, \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u044e \u043a \u0422\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0432». \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b: «\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0443, \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435».<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u043e, \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0418\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c – \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u044c – \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439».<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435  \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0435, \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445  \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0436\u0438, \u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u041e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 – \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439, \u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 33:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":11865,"lft":2114,"rght":2115,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T01:29:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T21:04:14.000000Z","language_id":5,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":17,"parent_id":1166,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Morals & Ethics","category_slug":"Morals-and-Ethics","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-The Virtue of Truthfulness.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-The Virtue of Truthfulness.docx"},{"id":1171,"title":"A Virtude da Veracidade","slug":"a-virtude-da-veracidade","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-The Virtue of Truthfulness.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-The Virtue of Truthfulness.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:a-virtude-da-veracidade","hint":"","body":"

A Virtude da Veracidade<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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(parte 1 de 2): A Posição e Recompensa dos Verazes<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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“Ó vós que credes! Temei a Deus e contai-vos entre os verazes.” (Alcorão 9:119)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Peça a uma pessoa comum para definir veracidade e a resposta muito provavelmente se restringirá a algo relacionado ao discurso verídico.  O Islã, entretanto, ensina que veracidade é muito mais do que ter uma língua honesta.  No Islã a veracidade é a conformidade do exterior com o interior, da ação com a intenção, do discurso com a crença e da prática com a pregação.  Dessa forma, veracidade é o pilar do caráter muçulmano elevado e o trampolim para suas ações virtuosas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O grande sábio e erudito do Islã, Ibn al-Qayyim, disse: “Veracidade é a maior das estações. Dela brotaram todas as várias estações daqueles no caminho de Deus; e dela brotou o caminho elevado que se não for seguido, a perdição será o destino daquela pessoa. Através dela o hipócrita se distingue do crente, e o habitante do Paraíso se distingue do habitante do Inferno. É a espada de Deus em Sua terra: Corta tudo que toca; caça e extingue a falsidade quando a enfrenta; quem quer que lute usando-a como arma jamais será derrotado; e quem quer que a use em seu discurso, sua palavra será feita suprema sobre a de seu oponente. É a própria essência dos atos e a fonte dos estados espirituais; permite que a pessoa embarque de forma corajosa em situações perigosas e é a porta através da qual se entra na presença do Único possuidor de Majestade. É a fundação do edifício do Islã, o pilar central da certeza e o nível imediato logo abaixo do nível da missão profética.” [1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

A praticar a veracidade uma pessoa se aprimora, sua vida se torna digna e, devido a isso, ela é elevada a alturas louváveis e sua posição destaca aos olhos de Deus e também aos olhos das pessoas.  Como o Profeta Muhammad, que a misericórdia e bênçãos de Deus estejam sobre ele, relatou:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ordeno que sejam verazes porque a veracidade leva à virtude, e a virtude leva ao Paraíso. Um homem continua a ser veraz e se empenha pela veracidade até que seja registrado como uma pessoa veraz com Deus. E tenham cuidado com a falsidade, porque a falsidade leva ao pecado e o pecado leva ao Fogo. Um homem continua a mentir e se empenha na falsidade até que seja registrado como um mentiroso com Deus.” (Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Assim a veracidade é algo que deve ser cultivado até que fique implantada na alma e disposição de uma pessoa e, consequentemente, se reflita no caráter dessa pessoa.  Ali b. Abi Talib, o primo e genro do Profeta Muhammad, mencionou o efeito positivo recíproco de se comportar de forma veraz com as pessoas nessa vida mundana:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Quem quer que faça três coisas com relação às pessoas, elas requererão três coisas dele: que toda vez que falem com elas, que ele diga a verdade; que toda vez que lhe confiem algo, que ele não as traia; e que toda vez que ele lhes prometa algo, que cumpra. Se ele fizer isso, seus corações o amarão, suas línguas o elogiarão e elas virão em seu auxílio.” [2]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Quanto à Vida Eterna, através da Graça e Misericórdia de Deus, os obedientes – praticantes da veracidade – alcançarão uma posição no Paraíso junto com as mais afortunadas das almas mencionadas na revelação.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Aqueles que obedecem a Deus e ao Mensageiro, contar-se-ão entre os agraciados por Deus: profetas, verazes, mártires e virtuosos. Que excelentes companheiros serão!” <\/strong>(Alcorão 4:69)<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

De fato, a veracidade é um atributo essencial de todo profeta que agraciou a terra.  É dito no Alcorão:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“E menciona, no Livro, (a história de) Abraão; ele foi um homem de verdade, e um profeta.” (Alcorão 19:41)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“E menciona, no Livro, Ismael; ele foi um homem de verdade, e um mensageiro, um profeta.” (Alcorão 19:54)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“E menciona, no Livro, Enoque; ele foi um profeta dos mais verazes.” (Alcorão 19:56)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Também lemos no Alcorão como um homem encarcerado junto com o profeta José se dirigiu a ele com as palavras:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“José! O mais veraz!...”<\/strong> <\/strong>(Alcorão 12:46)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

... e que Maria, a mãe de Jesus, também foi declarada veraz nas Palavras de Deus:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“O Messias, filho de Maria, não é mais do que um mensageiro, do nível dos mensageiros que o precederam; e sua mãe era sinceríssima.” (Alcorão 5:75)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

... e os Companheiros do Mensageiro de Deus, os “crentes” mencionados de novo e de novo no Alcorão, também alcançaram os níveis elevados dos verazes:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Somente são crentes aqueles que crêem em Deus e em Seu Mensageiro e não duvidam, mas sacrificam os seus bens e as suas pessoas pela causa de Deus. Estes são os verazes!” (Alcorão 49:15)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Assim, trilhar o caminho da veracidade é trilhar o caminho das mais virtuosas das criações de Deus.  E quanto às formas e meios para engendrar essa mais nobre das virtudes em nossas vidas diárias, nos foi deixado um oceano de ensinamentos do Mensageiro Final de Deus para a humanidade, o Profeta Muhammad, detalhando e descrevendo de forma precisa o que a virtude, ou melhor, a injunção<\/em>da veracidade requer.  Um entre esses vastos e numerosos ditos do Mensageiro de Deus é seu apelo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Garantam-me seis coisas e garantirei o Paraíso para vocês: digam a verdade quando falarem, cumpram suas promessas, sejam fiéis ao que lhes for confiado, protejam suas partes privadas, baixem o olhar e detenham suas mãos (de prejudicarem outros).”[3]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

E Deus confirmou a veracidade dessas palavras de Seu amado Mensageiro com Sua própria Palavra Verdadeira:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Quanto aos muçulmanos e às muçulmanas, aos crentes e às crentes, aos consagrados e às consagradas, aos verazes e às verazes, aos perseverantes e às perseverantes, aos humildes e às humildes, aos caritativos e às caritativas, aos jejuadores e às jejuadoras, aos recatados e às recatadas, aos que se recordam muito de Deus e às que se recordam d’Ele, saibam que Deus lhes tem destinado a indulgência e uma magnífica recompensa.” (Alcorão 33:35)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Madarij as-Salikeen<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Ibn Muflih, Adaab ash-Shari’a<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Relatado por Ubaadah, em As<\/em>-Saheehah<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (parte 2 de 2): Mentira e Hipocrisia<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Assim como a veracidade é o pilar do caráter da pessoa digna e o trampolim para sua virtuosidade, a falsidade, seu oposto, é a fundação da depravação de uma pessoa e a plataforma de lançamento para sua perversidade.  Assim como a veracidade de uma pessoa começa a partir de seu interior – ou seja, é um reflexo de um estado de fé verdadeira – a desonestidade de uma pessoa, a mentira e o engodo também são reflexos de seu estado interior.  É por isso que Deus menciona a veracidade como sendo o oposto da hipocrisia:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Deus recompensa os verazes, por sua veracidade, e castiga os hipócritas como Lhe apraz; ou então os absolve, porque Deus é Indulgente, Misericordiosíssimo.” (Alcorão 33:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

... e por que Ele menciona a sinceridade como uma marca de veracidade.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“De modo que Deus possa recompensar os verazes por sua veracidade...”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Não é de se admirar que as mais virtuosas e verazes das pessoas, os profetas de Deus[1]<\/a> e seus verdadeiros seguidores, não foram desmentidos, denunciados, antagonizados, oprimidos e rejeitados exceto por aqueles dados a desonestidade, engodo e hipocrisia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Os que forjam mentiras são aqueles que não crêem nos versículos de Deus. Tais são os mentirosos.”<\/strong> <\/strong>(Alcorão 16:105)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Isso é com relação à falsidade na fé.  Quanto à falsidade nos atos, Deus afirma no Alcorão:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“… para testar quem de vós melhor se comporta.” (Alcorão 67:2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Um sábio do período inicial do Islã, Fudail bin Iyaad, comentou sobre esse versículo, explicando:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“quem de vós melhor se comporta” significa “o mais sincero e correto.” Se o ato é sincero e não é correto, não será aceito e se é correto, mas não é sincero, não será aceito.  Não será aceito até que seja ao mesmo tempo sincero e correto!”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Um exemplo cotidiano de como a sinceridade e correção de ações são com frequência subvertidas pela falsidade, é na compra e venda de bens.  Por isso o Profeta disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Se eles (as partes entrando em uma transação) são verazes e explicam (qualquer deficiência em seus produtos), sua transação será abençoada. Mas se mentirem e ocultarem (qualquer deficiência em seus produtos), as bênçãos de sua transação será erradicada.”[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

E o que é falsidade no falar?  Falsidade da língua, ou o que é mais comumente referido como mentira, é uma característica rejeitada pelo mundo inteiro – mesmo que seus habitantes caiam nela de tempos em tempos.  Afinal, se Deus puniria seu último e maior profeta caso ele mentisse...<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“E se (o Mensageiro) tivesse inventado alguns ditos, em Nosso nome certamente o teríamos apanhado pela destra; E então, Ter-lhe-íamos cortado a aorta, e nenhum de vós teria podido impedir-Nos.” (Alcorão 69:44-7)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

... então como mentir poderia ser aceitável de mais alguém?!  E ele, o Profeta Muhammad, o veraz, disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“A fé de um servo não será digna até que seu coração seja digno e seu coração não será digno até que sua língua seja digna, e um homem cujo vizinho não está a salvo de seu dano não entrará no Paraíso.”[3]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Profeta disse: “Uma pessoa mente e mente, até que seja registrada com Deus como um mentiroso habitual.” (Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Sendo assim, o mentiroso habitual é desprezado, verdadeira e completamente desprezado, por todos – até mesmo por seu próprio grupo – já que ninguém pode confiar em um mentiroso, nem mesmo outros mentirosos.  E assim como clareza no falar é um sinal de veracidade, a ambiguidade, a insinuação, o sarcasmo e outras formas de engodo e malandragem na forma de falar são denunciadas no Islã.  Até mentir por brincadeira foi condenado pelo Profeta quando ele disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Garanto uma morada no meio do Paraíso para aqueles que abandonam a mentira até mesmo por brincadeira.”[4]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

...e seu dito:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ai da pessoa que mente para fazerem as outras rirem! Ai dele, ai dele!”[5]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

O amigo mais próximo do Profeta e sucessor temporal imediato, Abu Bakr as-\u015eiddeeq<\/em> (ou seja, o veraz – chamado assim pelo Profeta devido à veracidade de sua fé), posteriormente disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Cuidado com a mentira, porque ela se opõe à verdadeira fé.”[6]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

E a filha de Abu Bakr, Aicha, que foi a esposa amada do Profeta, mencionou que:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Não existe característica mais repugnante ao Mensageiro de Deus, que a misericórdia e bênçãos de Deus estejam sobre ele, do que a mentira.”[7]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

É impedimento suficiente para a mentira o fato de ser listada como uma característica da mais miserável das condições: a hipocrisia.  O Profeta Muhammad disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Os sinais do hipócrita são três: quando ele fala, mente; quando faz uma promessa, não a cumpre; e quando algo lhe é confiado ele trai essa confiança.”[8]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Não aprendemos somente sobre a repugnância de mentir diretamente, mas o Islã também nos educa de forma misericordiosa sobre os perigos de tudo queindiretamente<\/em> leva a mentira.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Novamente de Aicha aprendemos que o Profeta invocava seu Senhor suplicando: “Ó Deus!  Busco refúgio em Ti de todos os pecados e das dívidas.”<\/strong>  Quando perguntado: “Ó Mensageiro de Deus!  Frequentemente buscas refúgio das dívidas com Deus!”<\/strong>  O Profeta de Deus, que a misericórdia e bênçãos de Deus estejam sobre ele, respondeu: “Se uma pessoa tem dívidas, ela mente quando fala e quebra suas promessas quando as faz.”<\/strong>[9]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Na mesma linha, o Profeta explicitamente ordenou a seus seguidores:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Deixe aquilo que lhes causa dúvidas por aquilo que não lhes causa dúvidas, porque na veracidade reside a tranquilidade e na mentira reside a dúvida.”[10]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Empenhar-se pela veracidade, em espírito, palavra e atos, é uma questão que requer a perseverança suprema do crente, assim como a vigilância suprema contra os perigos da falsidade, falta de sinceridade, engodo e hipocrisia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Deus recompensa os verazes, por sua veracidade, e castiga os hipócritas como Lhe apraz; ou então os absolve, porque Deus é Indulgente, Misericordiosíssimo.” (Alcorão 33:24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> O Companheiro Anas b. Malik relatou que o Profeta até mencionou como: “Um profeta nem mesmo pisca!”<\/em> <\/strong>(Abu Dawud, Nisaa'ee, Hakim, Ahmad<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Relatado por Hakim b. Hizam, em Saheeh Al-Bukhari <\/em>e Saheeh Muslim.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Relatado pelo Companheiro, Anas b. Malik em As-Saheehah<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> Relatado por Abu Umamah, em At-Tirmidhi<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[5]<\/a> Relatado por Mu‘awiyah b. Jaydah al-Qushayri em Abu Dawud<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[6]<\/a> Bayhaqi, Shu‘ab al-Iman<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[7]<\/a> Ahmad<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[8]<\/a> Relatado pelo Companheiro, Abu Hurayrah, em Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em> e Saheeh Muslim<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[9]<\/a> Saheeh Al-Bukhari.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[10]<\/a> Relatado por Al-Hasan b. Ali, em At-Tirmidhi<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":20045,"lft":2116,"rght":2117,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T01:29:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:19:03.000000Z","language_id":15,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":17,"parent_id":1166,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Morals & Ethics","category_slug":"Morals-and-Ethics","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-The Virtue of Truthfulness.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-The Virtue of Truthfulness.docx"},{"id":1172,"title":"\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u54c1\u5fb7","slug":"shsdfhdthyt","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-The Virtue of Truthfulness.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-The Virtue of Truthfulness.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:shsdfhdthyt","hint":"","body":"

\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u54c1\u5fb7<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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“<\/strong>\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u4eba<\/strong>\u4eec\u554a\uff01\u4f60\u4eec\u8981\u656c\u754f\u5b89\u62c9\uff0c\u8981\u548c\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>9<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>119<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u8be2\u95ee\u4eba\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4f5c\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u8bda\u5b9e\u662f\u8bf4\u5b9e\u8bdd\u4e0d\u6492\u8c0e\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bda\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u8868\u91cc\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8bda\u5b9e\u6210\u4e3a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7aef\u6b63\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5927\u5b66\u8005\u4f0a\u672c·\u76d6\u4eea\u59c6\u8bf4\uff1a“\u8bda\u5b9e\u662f\u6700\u5927\u3001\u6700\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u7aef\u5e84\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u901a\u5411\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u8c01\u4e0d\u4ee5\u8bda\u5b9e\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u8bda\u5b9e\u4e3a\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u8c01\u5c06\u4f1a\u8d70\u5411\u4e07\u52ab\u4e0d\u590d\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u4e4b\u9014\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u8003\u9a8c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7504\u522b\u771f\u4fe1\u4e0e\u4f2a\u4fe1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u4e50\u56ed\u4e4b\u5c45\u6c11\u4e0e\u706b\u72f1\u4e4b\u5bbf\u5ba2\u3002\u8bda\u5b9e\u662f\u5b89\u62c9\u5728\u5927\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9d\u5251\uff0c\u53ef\u65a9\u865a\u4f2a\uff0c\u80fd\u65ad\u4e0d\u4e49\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u7528\u8bda\u5b9e\u88c5\u5907\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6218\u65e0\u4e0d\u80dc\uff1b\u51e1\u662f\u7528\u8bda\u5b9e\u8868\u8ff0\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8a00\u91cd\u4e5d\u9f0e\u3002\u6545\u8bda\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u5730\u4e0a\u6b63\u786e\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u6e0a\u6e90\uff0c\u662f\u6218\u80dc\u4e00\u5207\u5371\u9669\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u662f\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b89\u62c9\u5fc5\u8fdb\u7684\u5927\u95e8\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5927\u53a6\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u4e0e\u652f\u67f1\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u5723\u4f4d……”[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8df5\u884c\u8bda\u5b9e\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5584\u826f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u66f4\u52a0\u5766\u8361\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u54c1\u7ea7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u5f53\u4e4b\u65e0\u6127\u5730\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u5b89\u62c9\u6240\u8d5e\u7f8e\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u5217\u4e2d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u6211\u547d\u4ee4\u4f60<\/strong>\u4eec\u8bda\u5b9e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bda\u5b9e\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e8e\u6b63\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u9053\u53c8\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e8e\u4e50\u56ed\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6709\u4e86\u65e0\u53ef\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u54c1\u5fb7\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e4b\u52aa\u529b\u594b\u6597\uff0c<\/strong>\u5b89\u62c9<\/strong>\u547d\u5929\u4f7f<\/strong>\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ed6\u4e3a\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4f60\u4eec\u8981\u8c28\u9632\u8bf4\u8c0e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bf4\u8c0e\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e8e\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u800c\u72af\u7f6a\u53c8\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e8e\u706b\u72f1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8bf4\u8c0e\u8bdd\u5e76\u59cb\u7ec8\u865a\u4f2a\uff0c\u5219\u5b89\u62c9\u90a3\u91cc\u4ed6\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u8c0e\u8005\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5723<\/strong>\u8bad\u96c6<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u4eec\u8981\u57f9\u517b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7f8e\u5fb7\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u4e0e\u6027\u683c\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5927\u8d24\u963f\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u4eba\u4eec\u5e94\u4ee5\u8bda\u5b9e\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4eba<\/strong>\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u505a\u5230\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8bda\u5b9e\uff1b\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4fe1\u6258\uff1b\u5c65\u884c\u8bfa\u8a00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u5c31\u4f1a\u559c\u6b22\u4ed6\uff0c\u820c\u5934\u5c31\u4f1a\u8868\u626c\u4ed6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u627e\u673a\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u3002<\/strong>”[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u540e\u4e16\uff0c\u501f\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u6069\u60e0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u987a\u4ece\u8005\u5c06\u540c\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5e78\u8fd0\u4e4b\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u5165\u4e50\u56ed\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u51e1\u670d\u4ece\u5b89\u62c9\u548c\u4f7f\u8005\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6559\u4e0e\u5b89\u62c9\u6240\u795c\u7950\u7684\u4f17\u5148\u77e5\uff0c\u5fe0\u4fe1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8bda\u7b03\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5584\u826f\u7684\u4eba\u540c\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u3002”\uff08\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>4<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>69<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8bda\u5b9e\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u6d3e\u9063\u5230\u5927\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u7684\u54c1\u5fb7\u3002\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4f60<\/strong>\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u7ecf\u5178\u63d0\u5230\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\uff0c\u4ed6\u539f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u77e5\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>19<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>41<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4f60\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u7ecf\u5178\u91cc\u63d0\u53ca\u6613\u5fb7\u7acb\u65af\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u5b9e\u4eba\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u77e5”<\/strong> <\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>19<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>54<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4f60\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u7ecf\u5178\u91cc\u63d0\u53ca\u6613\u53f8\u9a6c\u4eea\uff0c\u4ed6\u786e\u662f\u91cd\u7136\u8bfa\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4f7f\u8005\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5148\u77e5\u3002”\uff08\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>19<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>56<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5728\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u8bfb\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u66fe\u4e0e\u5148\u77e5\u4f18\u7d20\u798f\u540c\u72f1\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4f18\u7d20\u798f\uff0c\u5fe0\u5b9e\u7684\u4eba\u5440\uff01\u8bf7\u4f60\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5706\u5706\u8fd9\u4e2a\u68a6<\/strong>……”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>12<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>46<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5148\u77e5\u5c14\u8428\uff08\u8036\u7a23\uff09\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u9ea6\u5c14\u5f66\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u5728\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u9ea6\u5c14\u5f66\u4e4b\u5b50\u9ea6\u897f\u54c8\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4f7f\u8005\u786e\u5df2\u901d\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u6bcd\u4eb2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u4eba……”\uff08\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>75<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4f7f\u8005\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5f1f\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b“\u4fe1\u58eb”\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u8bda\u5b9e\u8005\u7684\u54c1\u7ea7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4fe1\u58eb\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u786e\u4fe1\u5b89\u62c9\u548c\u4f7f\u8005\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u80fd\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u751f\u547d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9053\u800c\u594b\u6597\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u8fd9\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u786e\u662f\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u3002”\uff08\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>49<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>15<\/strong>\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8d70\u5411\u8bda\u5b9e\u4e4b\u8def\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u5b89\u62c9\u559c\u60a6\u7684\u5584\u4eba\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u5f15\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5411\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u9053\u8def\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f7f\u8005\u9057\u7559\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6d69\u5982\u70df\u6d77\u7684\u6559\u8bf2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u8bda\u5b9e——\u4eba\u6027\u95ea\u5149\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u8bda\u5b9e\u662f\u5148\u77e5\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6458\u5f55\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4f60<\/strong>\u4eec\u4e3a\u6211\u4fdd\u8bc1\u516d\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f60\u4eec\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e50\u56ed\uff1a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u65f6\u8981\u8bda\u5b9e\uff1b\u8bfa\u8a00\u8981\u5c65\u884c\uff1b\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u6258\u65f6\u8981\u5fe0\u8bda\uff1b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f9e\u4f53\uff1b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u89c6\u7ebf\uff1b\u52ff\u7528\u53cc\u624b\u5bb3\u4eba\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5b89\u62c9\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u7ecf\u6587\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u8bdd\u771f\u5b9e\u65e0\u6b3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u987a\u4ece\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u575a\u5fcd\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u606d\u656c\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u597d\u65bd\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u658b\u6212\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u4fdd\u5b88\u8d1e\u64cd\u7684\u7537\u5973\u3001\u5e38\u5ff5\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u7537\u5973\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u9884\u5907\u4e86\u8d66\u5ba5\u548c\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u62a5\u916c\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>33<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>35<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Madarij as-Salikeen<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> \u4f0a\u672c·\u7a46\u592b\u91cc\u54c8\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u793c\u4eea\u300b\uff08Adaab ash-Shari’a<\/em>\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\uff082\/2\uff09\uff1a\u8bf4\u8c0e\u4e0e\u865a\u4f2a<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\u72b9\u5982\u8bda\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4eba\u683c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3001\u54c1\u5fb7\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u53cd\u9762——\u865a\u4f2a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4eba\u6027\u5815\u843d\u3001\u54c1\u5fb7\u4f4e\u52a3\u7684\u53d1\u5c04\u53f0\u3002\u8bda\u5b9e\u51fa\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\uff1b\u865a\u4f2a\u3001\u8bf4\u8c0e\u3001\u6b3a\u9a97\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5185\u5fc3\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u5728\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u4e0e\u8bda\u5b9e\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u865a\u4f2a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“……<\/strong>\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b89\u62c9\u56e0<\/strong>\u8bda\u5b9e\u8005\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u800c\u5584\u62a5\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u968f\u610f\u5730\u60e9\u7f5a\u4f2a\u4fe1\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u8d66\u5ba5\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u786e\u662f\u81f3\u8d66\u7684\uff0c\u786e\u662f\u81f3\u6148\u7684\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>33<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>24<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8bda\u5b9e\u6b63\u662f\u5b89\u62c9\u5956\u8d4f\u8bda\u5b9e\u8005\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u5728\uff1a“\u5b89\u62c9\u56e0\u8bda\u5b9e\u8005\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u800c\u5584\u62a5\u4ed6\u4eec”\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u672c\u6027\u6b63\u76f4\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f17\u4f7f\u8005\u3001\u771f\u8bda\u8ffd\u968f\u4f7f\u8005\u7684\u5f1f\u5b50\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f“\u771f”\u4e0e“\u8bda”\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u8c0e\u3001\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u548c\u62d2\u7edd\u771f\u7406\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u81ea\u6b3a\u3001\u4f2a\u4fe1\u548c\u65e0\u8bda\u4fe1\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u4e0d\u5c51\u4e8e\u8c0e\u8a00\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6b64\u5e76\u4e0d\u611f\u5230\u610f\u5916\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4e0d\u4fe1\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u8005\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u634f\u9020\u4e86<\/strong>\u8c0e\u8a00\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u7b49\u4eba\u786e\u662f\u8bf4\u8c0e\u7684\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>16<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>105<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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“<\/strong>\u4ed6\u66fe<\/strong>\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6b7b\u751f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ed6\u8003\u9a8c\u4f60\u4eec\u8c01\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u81f3\u8d66\u7684\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>67<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>2<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\uff08“\u4f60<\/strong>\u4eec\u8c01\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684<\/strong>”\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u662f“\u6700\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u548c\u6700\u6b63\u786e\u7684”\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5177\u6709\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5b89\u62c9\u63a5\u53d7\uff1b\u540c\u6837\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5b89\u62c9\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08\u529f\u4fee\uff09\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u624d\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u4e4b\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5bf9\u6b64\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4e70\u5356\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u56e0\u8bf4\u8c0e\u800c\u4f7f\u672c\u6765\u5145\u6ee1\u5409\u5e86\u7684\u4e70\u5356\u53d8\u6210\u65e0\u4ef7\u503c\u751a\u81f3\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5723\u8bad\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u5982\u4e0b\u8bba\u8ff0\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u4ea4\u6613\u53cc\u65b9\u662f<\/strong>\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c31\u5145\u6ee1\u5409\u7965\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u53cc\u65b9\u8bf4\u8c0e\u5e76\u9690\u7792\u4e86\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u65e0\u798f\u5206\u53ef\u8a00\u3002<\/strong>”[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8a00\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u4f2a\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u8a00\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u4f2a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8bf4\u8c0e——\u8c0e\u8a00\u4e3a\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u553e\u5f03\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7231\u8bf4\u8c0e\uff0c\u6389\u8fdb\u8c0e\u8a00\u7684\u9677\u9631\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u81ea\u62d4\u3002\u5047\u5982\u5b89\u62c9\u6d3e\u9063\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f7f\u8005\u4e5f\u8bf4\u8c0e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u60e9\u7f5a\u4ed6\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u5047\u82e5\u4ed6\uff08\u5148\u77e5\uff09\u5047\u501f\u6211\u7684\u540d<\/strong>\u4e49\uff0c\u634f\u9020\u8c23\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\uff08\u5b89\u62c9\uff09\u5fc5\u4ee5\u6743\u529b\u902e\u6355\u4ed6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5fc5\u5272\u65ad\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u52a8\u8109\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00<\/strong>\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u4fdd<\/strong>\u536b\u4ed6\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>69<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>44-47 <\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5148\u77e5\u8bf4\u8c0e\u5c1a\u4e14\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8bf4\u8c0e\u53c8\u5c06\u600e\u6837\uff1f\u5bf9\u6b64\u5148\u77e5\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4ec6\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u6b63\u76f4\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u624d\u4f1a\u6b63\u76f4\uff1b\u4ed6\u7684\u820c<\/strong>\u5934\uff08\u8a00\u8bba\uff09\u7aef\u6b63\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u624d\u4f1a\u7aef\u6b63\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u90bb\u5c45\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u4e50\u56ed\u7684\u3002<\/strong>”[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5148\u77e5\u53c8<\/strong>\u8bf4\uff1a<\/strong>“<\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba<\/strong>\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bf4\u8c0e\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ed6\u5728\u5b89\u62c9\u90a3\u91cc\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u6210\u9a97\u5b50\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723<\/strong>\u8bad\u96c6\u300b<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u8bf4\u8c0e\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u5c06\u906d\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u9119\u89c6——\u5b8c\u5168\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u9119\u89c6\uff0c\u8c01\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5176\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8c0e\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u3002\u8bf4\u8bdd\u660e\u786e\u6e05\u695a\u662f\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u8c34\u8d23\u8bf4\u8bdd\u65f6\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u3001\u542b\u6c99\u5c04\u5f71\u3001\u8bbd\u523a\u6316\u82e6\u3001\u6b3a\u9a97\u6b3a\u8bc8\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u8c34\u8d23\u7528\u8c0e\u8a00\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u3002\u4f7f\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u8c01\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fdc\u79bb\u8c0e\u8a00\u3001\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u73a9\u7b11\u4e2d\u7684\u8c0e\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u5bf9\u8c01\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e50\u56ed\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u4f4f\u5b85\u3002<\/strong>”[3]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u54c0\u54c9\u4ee5<\/strong>\u8c0e\u8a00\u9017\u5f04\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u7b11\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u591a\u4e48\u53ef\u601c\uff0c\u4ed6\u591a\u4e48\u53ef\u601c\u3002<\/strong>”[4]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5b89\u62c9\u4f7f\u8005\u7684\u5bc6\u53cb\u54c8\u91cc\u53d1\u5fe0\u8bda\u7684\u827e\u5e03·\u767d\u514b\u5c14\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5148\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8ffd\u968f\u4f7f\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u575a\u8d1e\u4e0d\u79fb\uff0c\u4f7f\u8005\u79f0\u547c\u4ed6\u4e3a“\u677e\u8fea\u7ed9”\uff0c\u610f\u5373“\u5fe0\u8bda\u7684\u4eba”\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4f60<\/strong>\u4eec\u8981\u8c28\u9632\u8c0e\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8c0e\u8a00\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u53cd\u9762\u3002<\/strong>”[5]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u827e\u5e03·\u767d\u514b\u5c14\u7684\u5973\u513f\u963f\u4f9d\u838e\uff08\u5148\u77e5\u4e4b\u59bb\u5b50\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u5728\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4<\/strong>\u8bf4\u8c0e\u66f4\u53ef\u6076\u7684\u54c1\u884c\u4e86\u3002<\/strong>”[6]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8bf4\u8c0e\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u5904\u5728\u6700\u4e3a\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u4f2a\u4fe1\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4f2a\u4fe1\u58eb\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6709\u4e09\u70b9\uff1a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u5c31\u6492\u8c0e\uff1b\u7ed3\u7ea6\u5c31\u8fdd\u7ea6\uff1b\u53d7\u4eba\u4fe1\u6258\u5219\u80cc\u4fe1\u5f03\u4e49\u3002<\/strong>”[7]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u8bf4\u8c0e\u7684\u53ef\u6068\u53ef\u6076\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u5173\u7231\uff0c\u8fd8\u771f\u8bda\u544a\u8beb\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u8bf4\u8c0e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5723\u59bb\u963f\u4f9d\u838e\u4f20\u8ff0\u7684\u5723\u8bad\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u505a\u8fd9\u6837\u7948\u7977\uff1a“<\/strong>\u5b89\u62c9\u554a\uff0c\u6211\u7948\u6c42\u4f60\u4f7f\u6211\u514d\u906d\u5404\u79cd\u707e<\/strong>\u96be\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u514d\u4e8e\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\u6211\uff08\u963f\u4f9d\u838e\uff09<\/strong>\u95ee<\/strong>“<\/strong>\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u554a\uff01\u4f60<\/strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u6837\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u5411\u5b89\u62c9\u7948\u6c42\u514d\u4e8e\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\uff1f<\/strong>”<\/strong>\u4f7f\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8eab\u8d1f\u503a\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u8bf4\u8bdd\u6492\u8c0e\uff0c\u8bb8\u8bfa\u800c\u4e0d\u9075\u5b88\u8bfa\u8a00\u3002”[8]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5148\u77e5\u7528\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u547d\u4ee4\u4ed6\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4f60<\/strong>\u4eec\u5e94\u8fdc\u79bb\u4f7f\u4f60\u4eec\u6000\u7591\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdc\u79bb\u6000\u7591\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4f60\u4eec\u4ea7\u751f\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d<\/strong>\u51b3\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u3002\u5728<\/strong>\u8bda\u5b9e\u4e2d\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u5b89\u5b81\uff0c\u5728\u8c0e\u8a00\u4e2d\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u5371\u9669\u3002<\/strong>”[9]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4ee5\u8bda\u5b9e\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4e3a\u8bda\u5b9e\u800c\u594b\u6597\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u594b\u6597\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u4ece\u6b63\u4fe1\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8981\u8b66\u60d5\u865a\u4f2a\u3001\u8c0e\u8a00\u3001\u4f2a\u4fe1\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b89\u62c9\u56e0<\/strong>\u8bda\u5b9e\u8005\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u800c\u5584\u62a5\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u968f\u610f\u5730\u60e9\u7f5a\u4f2a\u4fe1\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u8d66\u5ba5\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u786e\u662f\u81f3\u8d66\u7684\uff0c\u786e\u662f\u81f3\u6148\u7684<\/strong>\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>30<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>24<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> \u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u96c6\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5723\u8bad\u96c6\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> \u827e\u5948\u65af\u4f20\u8ff0\u7684\u5723\u8bad\uff0c\u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u96c6\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> \u300a\u94c1\u7c73\u6d4e\u5723\u8bad\u96c6\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> \u300a\u827e\u5e03\u8fbe\u4e4c\u5fb7\u5723\u8bad\u96c6\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[5]<\/a> \u6446\u6d77\u7ed9\u300a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5206\u652f\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[6]<\/a> \u300a\u827e\u54c8\u8fc8\u5fb7\u5723\u8bad\u96c6\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[7]<\/a> \u827e\u5e03·\u80e1\u83b1\u52d2\u4f20\u8ff0\u7684\u5723\u8bad\uff0c\u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u96c6\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5723\u8bad\u96c6\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[8]<\/a> \u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u96c6\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[9]<\/a> \u54c8\u4e09·\u963f\u91cc\u4f20\u8ff0\u7684\u5723\u8bad\uff0c\u300a\u94c1\u7c73\u6d4e\u5723\u8bad\u96c6\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13049,"lft":2118,"rght":2119,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T01:29:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T16:29:14.000000Z","language_id":18,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":17,"parent_id":1166,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Morals & Ethics","category_slug":"Morals-and-Ethics","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-The Virtue of Truthfulness.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-The Virtue of Truthfulness.docx"},{"id":1173,"title":"\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u306e\u5fb3","slug":"sdghfdhdhj","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-The Virtue of Truthfulness.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-The Virtue of Truthfulness.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:sdghfdhdhj","hint":"","body":"

\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u306e\u5fb3<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"
<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\uff08\u524d\u534a\uff09\uff1a\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u306e\u5730\u4f4d\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5831\u5968<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3059\u308b\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3088\u3001\u795e\u3092\u754f\u308c\u3001\uff08\u8a00\u884c\u306e\uff09\u8aa0\u5b9f\u306a\u8005\u3068\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u3044\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> <\/strong>9<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>119<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4eba\u306b\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u805e\u3051\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7b54\u3048\u306f\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u6b63\u76f4\u306a\u767a\u8a00\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3051\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u304c\u767a\u8a00\u3060\u3051\u306b\u306f\u7559\u307e\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8aac\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5916\u9762\u3068\u5185\u9762\u3001\u610f\u56f3\u3068\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3068\u767a\u8a00\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u8df5\u3068\u6559\u7fa9\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3086\u3048\u306b\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u306e\u6027\u683c\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5fb3\u884c\u306e\u51fa\u767a\u70b9\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5049\u5927\u306a\u308b\u8ce2\u8005\u304b\u3064\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u5b66\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30ab\u30a4\u30a4\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a“\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u306f\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u57fa\u76e4\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u795e\u306e\u9053\u3092\u6b69\u3080\u8005\u306e\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u57fa\u76e4\u304c\u82bd\u751f\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u305d\u306e\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u9053\u3092\u6b69\u307e\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u5bbf\u547d\u306f\u7834\u6ec5\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u305d\u3053\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u507d\u5584\u8005\u3068\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u3001\u307e\u305f\u697d\u5712\u3068\u706b\u7344\u306e\u4f4f\u6c11\u304c\u5224\u5225\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e\u306e\u5263\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff1a\u305d\u308c\u306f\u89e6\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u5168\u3066\u3092\u5207\u308a\u88c2\u304d\u3001\u5168\u3066\u306e\u865a\u507d\u3092\u6355\u3089\u3048\u3001\u5f81\u670d\u3059\u308b\uff1a\u8ab0\u3067\u3042\u308c\u305d\u308c\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u8005\u306f\u6557\u5317\u3092\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff1b\u305d\u3057\u3066\u8ab0\u3067\u3042\u308c\u305d\u308c\u3092\u8a9e\u308b\u8005\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6575\u5bfe\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u52dd\u5229\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u6240\u696d\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u6e90\u6cc9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4eba\u304c\u5371\u967a\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3042\u308c\u52c7\u6562\u306b\u7acb\u3061\u5411\u304b\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3055\u305b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u6700\u3082\u8358\u53b3\u306a\u308b\u5fa1\u65b9\u3078\u3068\u7d9a\u304f\u6249\u3092\u958b\u3051\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u304c\u305d\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u6210\u308a\u7acb\u3064\u57fa\u790e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u78ba\u4fe1\u3092\u6253\u3061\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u652f\u67f1\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u5730\u4f4d\u306e\u6b21\u306b\u6765\u308b\u5730\u4f4d\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002”1<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u3092\u5b9f\u8df5\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u4eba\u306f\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u5411\u4e0a\u3055\u305b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u4eba\u751f\u3092\u6b69\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u79f0\u8cdb\u306b\u5024\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u307f\u306b\u5230\u9054\u3057\u3001\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u795e\u306e\u5fa1\u524d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u9ad8\u3044\u4f4d\u968e\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\uff08\u5f7c\u306b\u795e\u306e\u6148\u60b2\u3068\u795d\u798f\u3042\u308c\uff09\u306f\u3053\u3046\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u79c1\u306f\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u6b63\u76f4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u547d\u3058\u308b\u3002\u5b9f\u306b\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u306f\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3055\u3078\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3001\u5b9f\u306b\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3055\u306f\u697d\u5712\u3078\u3068\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4eba\u306f\u6b63\u76f4\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u795e\u306b\u8a18\u9332\u3055\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u52aa\u529b\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u865a\u507d\u306b\u7528\u5fc3\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002\u5b9f\u306b\u865a\u507d\u306f\u7f6a\u3078\u3068\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3001\u7f6a\u306f\u696d\u706b\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4eba\u306f\u5618\u3092\u3064\u304d\u7d9a\u3051\u3001\u5618\u3064\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u795e\u306b\u8a18\u9332\u3055\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u5618\u3092\u3064\u304d\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u3068\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u3068\u9b42\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u990a\u3044\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u6027\u683c\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u5f93\u5144\u5f1f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u5a7f\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u30a2\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30d3\u30fc\u30fb\u30bf\u30fc\u30ea\u30d6\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u4e16\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u6b63\u76f4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5831\u3044\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u826f\u3044\u52b9\u679c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u8ab0\u3067\u3042\u308c\u6b21\u306e\u4e09\u3064\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u884c\u306a\u3046\u8005\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u5f7c\u306b\u3082\u305d\u306e\u4e09\u3064\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3089\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\uff1a\u3064\u307e\u308a\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u8a9e\u308b\u3068\u304d\u6b63\u76f4\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u307e\u305f\u4eba\u3005\u304b\u3089\u4f55\u304b\u3092\u8a17\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6642\u306b\u306f\u88cf\u5207\u3089\u305a\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u7d04\u675f\u3057\u305f\u6642\u306b\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u5f7c\u304c\u3053\u308c\u3089\u3092\u884c\u306a\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u5fc3\u306f\u5f7c\u3092\u611b\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u820c\u306f\u5f7c\u3092\u79f0\u3048\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u306b\u3084\u3063\u3066\u6765\u308b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>2<\/strong><\/a> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e00\u65b9\u5f93\u9806\u306a\u8005\u2015\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u3092\u5b9f\u8df5\u3059\u308b\u8005\u2015\u306f\u6765\u4e16\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u5553\u793a\u3067\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u795e\u306e\u6069\u5bf5\u3068\u6148\u60b2\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6700\u3082\u5e78\u798f\u306a\u9b42\u306e\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3068\u5171\u306b\u3001\u697d\u5712\u306e\u4f4f\u51e6\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u795e\u3068\u4f7f\u5f92\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u8005\u306f\u3001\u795e\u304c\u6069\u6075\u3092\u65bd\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3001\u8aa0\u5b9f\u306a\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3001\u6b89\u6559\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3068\u6b63\u7fa9\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u4ef2\u9593\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u4f55\u3068\u7acb\u6d3e\u306a\u4ef2\u9593\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3088\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> <\/strong>4<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>69<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u306f\u5168\u3066\u306e\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u305f\u3061\u304c\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3053\u3046\u8ff0\u3079\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u307e\u305f\u3053\u306e\u5553\u5178\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\uff08\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\uff09\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3088\u3002\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u5f7c\u306f\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308a\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong>19<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>41<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u307e\u305f\u30a4\u30b7\u30e5\u30de\u30a8\u30eb\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5553\u5178\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3088\u3002\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u5f7c\u306f\u7d04\u675f\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5fe0\u5b9f\u3067\u3001\u4f7f\u5f92\u3067\u3042\u308a\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> <\/strong>19<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>54<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u307e\u305f\u30a8\u30ce\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5553\u5178\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3088\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u6b63\u76f4\u306a\u4eba\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308a\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> <\/strong>19<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>56<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u307e\u305f\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e8\u30bb\u30d5\u304c\u6295\u7344\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u969b\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u7537\u304b\u3089\u3053\u3046\u547c\u3073\u304b\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u898b\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u300c\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9\u30d5\u3088\u3001\u8aa0\u5b9f\u306a\u4eba\u3088<\/strong>…”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> <\/strong>12<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>46<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…\u307e\u305f\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u6bcd\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6b63\u76f4\u306a\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5ba3\u8a00\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u5b50\u30e1\u30b7\u30a2\uff08\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\uff09\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u4eba\u306e\u4f7f\u5f92\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u4ee5\u524d\u306b\u3082\u4f7f\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u304c\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u901d\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u6bcd\u306f\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f<\/strong>…”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> <\/strong>5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>75<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u305f\u3073\u305f\u3073\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4f7f\u5f92\u306e\u6559\u53cb\u305f\u3061\u3001“\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u305f\u3061”\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u3044\u5730\u4f4d\u306b\u9054\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u3068\u306f\u4e00\u9014\u306b\u795e\u3068\u305d\u306e\u4f7f\u5f92\u3092\u4fe1\u3058\u308b\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3067\u3001\u7591\u3044\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u9053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u8ca1\u7523\u3068\u751f\u547d\u3068\u3092\u6367\u3052\u3066\u596e\u95d8\u52aa\u529b\u3059\u308b\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8005\u3053\u305d\u771f\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> <\/strong>49<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>15<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u9053\u3092\u6b69\u3080\u8005\u3068\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5275\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u8aa0\u5b9f\u306a\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u9053\u3092\u6b69\u3080\u3053\u3068\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5fb3\u884c\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u6700\u3082\u9ad8\u6f54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u306e\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u3092\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u5b9f\u8df5\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u3001\u795e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4eba\u985e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u4f7f\u5f92\u3067\u3042\u308b\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306f\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u306e\u5fb3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3044\u3048\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u8a13\u4ee4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4f55\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7d30\u90e8\u306b\u6e21\u3063\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u795e\u306e\u4f7f\u5f92\u306b\u3088\u308b\u81a8\u5927\u306a\u8a00\u8449\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8acb\u9858\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u79c1\u306b\u6b21\u306e\u516d\u3064\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4fdd\u969c\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u79c1\u306f\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306b\u697d\u5712\u3092\u4fdd\u969c\u3059\u308b\uff1a\u4f1a\u8a71\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u771f\u5b9f\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3001\u7d04\u675f\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3001\u4fe1\u983c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6642\u306f\u5fe0\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\uff08\u4e0d\u8c9e\u304b\u3089\uff09\u9670\u90e8\u3092\u5b88\u308a\u3001\uff08\u51dd\u8996\u305b\u305a\u306b\uff09\u76ee\u3092\u4f0f\u305b\u3001\u4e21\u624b\u3092\uff08\u4ed6\u8005\u3078\u306e\u5371\u5bb3\u304b\u3089\uff09\u6291\u3048\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>3<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u305d\u3057\u3066\u795e\u306f\u3001\u4f7f\u5f92\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u306e\u771f\u5b9f\u6027\u3092\u3001\u304b\u308c\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u5fa1\u8a00\u8449\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u78ba\u8a3c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u306e\u7537\u3068\u5973\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3059\u308b\u7537\u3068\u5973\u3001\u732e\u8eab\u7684\u306a\u7537\u3068\u5973\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u306a\u7537\u3068\u5973\u3001\u5805\u5fcd\u306a\u7537\u3068\u5973\u3001\u8b19\u865a\u306a\u7537\u3068\u5973\u3001\u65bd\u3057\u3092\u3059\u308b\u7537\u3068\u5973\u3001\u658e\u6212\uff08\u65ad\u98df\uff09\u3059\u308b\u7537\u3068\u5973\u3001\u8c9e\u7bc0\u306a\u7537\u3068\u5973\u3001\u795e\u3092\u591a\u304f\u5531\u5ff5\u3059\u308b\u7537\u3068\u5973\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8005\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u795e\u306f\u7f6a\u3092\u8d66\u3057\u3001\u5049\u5927\u306a\u5831\u5968\u3092\u6e96\u5099\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/strong>”\uff08<\/strong>\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> 33<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>35<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

1<\/a> \u30de\u30c0\u30fc\u30ea\u30b8\u30e5\u30fb\u30a2\u30c3\uff1d\u30b5\u30fc\u30ea\u30ad\u30fc\u30f3<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2<\/a> \u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30e0\u30d5\u30ea\u30d5\u3001\u30a2\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u30d6\u30fb\u30a2\u30c3\uff1d\u30b7\u30e3\u30ea\u30fc\u30a2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

3<\/a>\u30a2\u30c3\uff1d\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30cf\u306b\u53ce\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30a6\u30d0\u30fc\u30c0\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4f1d\u627f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\uff08\u5f8c\u534a\uff09\uff1a\u5618\u308a\u3068\u507d\u5584<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\u300c\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u300d\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u6027\u683c\u306e\u6700\u305f\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u5fb3\u306e\u51fa\u767a\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5bfe\u6975\u306b\u5f53\u305f\u308b\u865a\u507d\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u8150\u6557\u306e\u5143\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u90aa\u60aa\u3055\u306e\u51fa\u767a\u70b9\u3067\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u4eba\u306e\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u2015\u3064\u307e\u308a\u771f\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306e\u53cd\u6620\u2015\u304c\u5185\u9762\u304b\u3089\u8868\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u4eba\u306e\u4e0d\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3001\u5618\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6b3a\u779e\u3082\u307e\u305f\u305d\u306e\u8005\u306e\u5185\u9762\u306e\u53cd\u6620\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304c\u3001\u795e\u304c\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u3092\u507d\u5584\u306e\u5bfe\u6975\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7406\u7531\u3067\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\uff08\u3053\u308c\u306f\u7d50\u5c40\uff09\u795e\u304c\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u306a\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u305d\u306e\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u306b\u5831\u308f\u308c\u3001\u307e\u305f\u304b\u308c\u304c\u5fa1\u671b\u307f\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u507d\u4fe1\u8005\uff08\u507d\u5584\u8005\uff09\u3092\u7f70\u3057\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u8d66\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> <\/strong>33<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>24<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u306a\u305c\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3055\u304c\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u306e\u3057\u308b\u3057\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u304c\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u795e\u306f\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u3092\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u5831\u5968\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046<\/strong>…”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> <\/strong>33<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>24<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6700\u3082\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3067\u6b63\u76f4\u306a\u4eba\u3005\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u795e\u306e\u8af8\u9810\u8a00\u80051<\/a>\u3068\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u8ffd\u5f93\u8005\u305f\u3061\u304c\u4e0d\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3067\u6b3a\u779e\u306b\u6e80\u3061\u305f\u507d\u5584\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u88cf\u5207\u3089\u308c\u3001\u975e\u96e3\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6575\u5bfe\u3055\u308c\u3001\u8feb\u5bb3\u3055\u308c\u3001\u62d2\u5426\u3055\u308c\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u60f3\u50cf\u306b\u96e3\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u795e\u306e\u5370\u3092\u4fe1\u3058\u306a\u3044\u8005\u306f\u3001\u305f\u3060\u5618\u3092\u634f\u9020\u3059\u308b\u8005\u3067\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u3053\u305d\u865a\u8a00\u306e\u5f92\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> <\/strong>16<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>105<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e0a\u306e\u7bc0\u306f\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5618\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5618\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3053\u3046\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u306e\u5185\u306e\u8ab0\u306e\u884c\u3044\u304c\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u8a66\u307f\u3089\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081<\/strong>…”<\/strong>\uff08\u8056\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3 <\/strong>67<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>2<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u521d\u671f\u306e\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u30d5\u30c0\u30a4\u30eb\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30a4\u30e4\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u3053\u306e\u7bc0\u306b\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u3066\u3053\u3046\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“‘<\/strong>\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u306e\u5185\u306e\u8ab0\u306e\u884c\u306a\u3044\u304c\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b<\/strong>’<\/strong>\u3068\u306f\u3001‘\u8ab0\u304c\u6700\u3082\u771f\u646f\u3067\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u304b’\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u3082\u884c\u70ba\u304c\u771f\u646f\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u771f\u646f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u306a\u304a\u304b\u3064\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3055\u3068\u884c\u70ba\u306e\u6b63\u3057\u3055\u304c\u5618\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8986\u3055\u308c\u308b\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u306a\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u306e\u58f2\u8cb7\u304c\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306f\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u3082\u3057\u3082\u5f7c\u3089\uff08\u53d6\u5f15\u3092\u884c\u306a\u3046\u4e21\u8005\uff09\u304c\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u3067\uff08\u5546\u54c1\u306e\u6b20\u9665\u306a\u3069\u3092\u5168\u3066\uff09\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u53d6\u5f15\u306f\u795d\u798f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u3060\u304c\u3082\u3057\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u5618\u3092\u3064\u304d\u3001\uff08\u5546\u54c1\u306e\u6b20\u9665\u306a\u3069\u3092\uff09\u96a0\u853d\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u53d6\u5f15\u306e\u795d\u798f\u306f\u6d88\u6ec5\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>2<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u305d\u308c\u3067\u306f\u4f1a\u8a71\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5618\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u820c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u865a\u507d\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u5618\u308a\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3001\uff08\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u6642\u3068\u3057\u3066\u305d\u306e\u7f6a\u306b\u9665\u308b\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\uff09\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u5426\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u6027\u8cea\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3082\u3057\u3082\u795e\u304c\u3001\u304b\u308c\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6700\u3082\u5049\u5927\u306a\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u3092\u5618\u308a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u61f2\u7f70\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3059\u308c\u3070…<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u3082\u3057\u5f7c\uff08\u4f7f\u5f92\uff09\u304c\u3001\u308f\u308c\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u634f\u9020\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u308f\u308c\u306f\u304d\u3063\u3068\u5f7c\u306e\u53f3\u624b\u3092\u6355\u3048\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u981a\u52d5\u8108\u3092\u5fc5\u305a\u5207\u308b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3002\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u306e\u5185\u3001\u8ab0\u4e00\u4eba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f7c\u3092\u5b88\u3063\u3066\u3084\u308c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> <\/strong>69<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>44<\/strong>−<\/strong>47<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…\u795e\u306e\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u3067\u3055\u3048\u305d\u3046\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4e00\u4f53\u8ab0\u306b\u5618\u3092\u3064\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8a31\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u305f\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306f\u3053\u3046\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u5fc3\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\u3001\uff08\u795e\u306e\uff09\u3057\u3082\u3079\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u820c\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\u3001\u5fc3\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u96a3\u4eba\u3078\u5371\u5bb3\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u308b\u8005\u306f\u697d\u5712\u306b\u5165\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>3<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u307e\u305f\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306f\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff1a“<\/strong>\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5618\u3064\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a18\u9332\u3055\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u7fd2\u6163\u7684\u306b\u5618\u3092\u3064\u304d\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u305d\u308c\u3086\u3048\u7fd2\u6163\u7684\u306a\u5618\u3064\u304d\u306f\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u2015\u5f7c\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u8eab\u5185\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3055\u3048\u3082\u2015\u8efd\u8511\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u5618\u3064\u304d\u540c\u58eb\u306f\u304a\u4e92\u3044\u3092\u4fe1\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3059\u3089\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4f1a\u8a71\u306e\u660e\u77ad\u3055\u304c\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u306e\u3057\u308b\u3057\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u66d6\u6627\u3055\u30fb\u76ae\u8089\u30fb\u5acc\u5473\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u820c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u5f62\u306e\u6b3a\u779e\u3068\u7b56\u7565\u306f\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u975e\u96e3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u8a00\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u5197\u8ac7\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5618\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5f37\u304f\u548e\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4f8b\u3048\u5197\u8ac7\u306e\u5618\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u6b62\u3081\u308b\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u79c1\u306f\u697d\u5712\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u3042\u308b\u5bb6\u3092\u4fdd\u969c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/strong>”4<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…\u307e\u305f\u5f7c\u306f\u3053\u3046\u3082\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4eba\u3005\u3092\u7b11\u308f\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5618\u3092\u3064\u304f\u8005\u306b\u707d\u3044\u3042\u308c\uff01\u5f7c\u306b\u707d\u3044\u3042\u308c\uff01\u5f7c\u306b\u707d\u3044\u3042\u308c\uff01<\/strong>”5<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306b\u6700\u3082\u89aa\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u6559\u53cb\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5f7c\u306e\u5f8c\u7d99\u8005\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u30a2\u30d6\u30fc\u30fb\u30d0\u30af\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30c3\uff1d\u30b9\u30a3\u30c3\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30af\uff08\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u306e\u610f\u2015\u5f7c\u306e\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u3086\u3048\u306b\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u304c\u4ed8\u3051\u305f\u540d\u79f0\uff09\u306f\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u5618\u308a\u306b\u7528\u5fc3\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3060\u3002\u5618\u308a\u306f\uff08\u771f\u306e\uff09\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>6<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30a2\u30d6\u30fc\u30fb\u30d0\u30af\u30eb\u306e\u5a18\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u611b\u59bb\u30a2\u30fc\u30a4\u30b7\u30e3\u306f\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u5618\u3092\u3064\u304f\u3053\u3068\u307b\u3069\u9810\u8a00\u8005<\/strong>\u2015<\/strong>\u5f7c\u306b\u795e\u306e\u6148\u60b2\u3068\u795d\u798f\u3042\u308c<\/strong>\u2015<\/strong>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5fcc\u307f\u5acc\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u6027\u8cea\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>7<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u507d\u5584\u304c\u6700\u3082\u90aa\u60aa\u306a\u6027\u8cea\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5618\u308a\u3078\u306e\u6291\u6b62\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306f\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u507d\u5584\u8005\u306b\u306f\u4e09\u3064\u306e\u5370\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff1a\u4f1a\u8a71\u3092\u3059\u308c\u3070\u5618\u3092\u3064\u304d\u3001\u7d04\u675f\u3092\u3059\u308c\u3070\u305d\u308c\u3092\u7834\u308a\u3001\u4f55\u304b\u3092\u8a17\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u983c\u3092\u88cf\u5207\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>8<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u305d\u306e\u6148\u60b2\u6df1\u3055\u304b\u3089\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306b\u5618\u3092\u3064\u304f\u3053\u3068\u81ea\u4f53\u306e\u5fcc\u907f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u5618\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u5371\u967a\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3082\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30a2\u30fc\u30a4\u30b7\u30e3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u4f1d\u627f\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u304c\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7948\u308a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u795e\u306b\u5606\u9858\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059\uff1a“\u795e\u3088\uff01\u79c1\u306f\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306b\u5168\u3066\u306e\u7f6a\u3068\u8ca0\u50b5\u304b\u3089\u306e\u3054\u52a0\u8b77\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002”\u3042\u308b\u8005\u304c\u3053\u3046\u5c0b\u306d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff1a“\u795e\u306e\u4f7f\u5f92\u3088\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u8ca0\u50b5\u306b\u9665\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u306e\u795e\u306e\u3054\u52a0\u8b77\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f”\u795e\u306e\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u2015\u5f7c\u306b\u795e\u306e\u6148\u60b2\u3068\u795d\u798f\u3042\u308c\u2015\u306f\u7b54\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff1a“\u4eba\u306f\u8ca0\u50b5\u3092\u62b1\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5618\u3092\u3064\u304d\u3001\u7d04\u675f\u3092\u7834\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3002”9<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u540c\u3058\u304f\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u8ffd\u5f93\u8005\u306b\u3001\u306f\u3063\u304d\u308a\u3068\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u547d\u3058\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306b\u8ca0\u50b5\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3092\u3001\u8ca0\u50b5\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3055\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u5909\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3060\u3002\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3053\u305d\u5b89\u3089\u304e\u306f\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5618\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3053\u305d\u7591\u5ff5\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>10<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u306f\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u30fb\u8a00\u8449\u30fb\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6b63\u76f4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u52aa\u529b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u5927\u9650\u306e\u6c7a\u610f\u3092\u8981\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u865a\u507d\u30fb\u4e0d\u8aa0\u5b9f\u30fb\u6b3a\u779e\u3084\u507d\u5584\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6700\u5927\u9650\u306e\u8b66\u6212\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\uff08\u3053\u308c\u306f\u7d50\u5c40\uff09\u795e\u304c\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u306a\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u305d\u306e\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u306b\u5831\u308f\u308c\u3001\u307e\u305f\u304b\u308c\u304c\u5fa1\u671b\u307f\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u507d\u4fe1\u8005\uff08\u507d\u5584\u8005\uff09\u3092\u7f70\u3057\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u8d66\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u795e\u306f\u3001\u5bdb\u5bb9\u306b\u3057\u3066\u6148\u60b2\u6df1\u304d\u5fa1\u65b9\u3067\u3042\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/strong>”\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> 33<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>24<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

1<\/a> \u6559\u53cb\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u30a2\u30ca\u30b9\u30fb\u30d3\u30f3\u30fb\u30de\u30fc\u30ea\u30af\u306f\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u304c\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a‘<\/strong>\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306f\u77ac\u304d\u4e00\u3064\u3057\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\uff01<\/strong>’\uff08\u30a2\u30d6\u30fc\u30fb\u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30fc\u30c9\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\uff1d\u30ca\u30b5\u30fc\u30a4\u30fc\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30cf\u30fc\u30ad\u30e0\u3001\u30a2\u30cf\u30de\u30c9<\/em>\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2<\/a> \u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc<\/em>\u3068\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0<\/em>\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u3001\u30cf\u30ad\u30fc\u30e0\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30d2\u30b6\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4f1d\u627f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

3<\/a> \u30a2\u30c3\uff1d\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30cf<\/em>\u306b\u5f15\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u6559\u53cb\u30a2\u30ca\u30b9\u30fb\u30d3\u30f3\u30fb\u30de\u30fc\u30ea\u30af\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4f1d\u627f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

4<\/a> \u30a2\u30c3\uff1d\u30c6\u30a3\u30eb\u30df\u30ba\u30a3\u30fc<\/em>\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u3001\u30a2\u30d6\u30fc\u30fb\u30a6\u30de\u30fc\u30de\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4f1d\u627f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

5<\/a> \u30a2\u30d6\u30fc\u30fb\u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30fc\u30c9<\/em>\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u3001\u30e0\u30a2\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30e4\u30fb\u30d3\u30f3\u30fb\u30b8\u30e3\u30a4\u30c0\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30af\u30b7\u30e3\u30a4\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u4f1d\u627f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

6<\/a> \u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d0\u30a4\u30cf\u30ad\u30fc\u3001\u30b7\u30e5\u30a2\u30d6\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30a4\u30fc\u30de\u30fc\u30f3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

7<\/a> \u30a2\u30cf\u30de\u30c9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

8<\/a> \u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb<\/em>\uff1d<\/em>\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc<\/em>\u3068\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0<\/em>\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6559\u53cb\u30a2\u30d6\u30fc\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30a4\u30e9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4f1d\u627f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

9<\/a> \u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

10<\/a> \u30a2\u30c3\uff1d\u30c6\u30a3\u30eb\u30df\u30ba\u30a3\u30fc<\/em>\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30cf\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30ea\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5831\u544a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":12936,"lft":2120,"rght":2121,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T01:29:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:20:51.000000Z","language_id":16,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":17,"parent_id":1166,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Morals & Ethics","category_slug":"Morals-and-Ethics","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ja-The Virtue of Truthfulness.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ja-The Virtue of Truthfulness.docx"},{"id":1174,"title":"Visiting the Sick","slug":"visiting-the-sick","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-Visiting the Sick.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-Visiting the Sick.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:visiting-the-sick","hint":"","body":"

Visiting the Sick<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

<\/h1>\r\n

 (part 1 of 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Islam invites to all that is good and warns from all that is bad.  From those good and virtuous deeds is the visiting of the ill and afflicted.  When people visit each other in good health, bonds of brotherhood and friendship are strengthened.  How then when people visit each other in times of sickness and poor or failing health?  Illustrating the empathy that Muslims are required to feel for each other, Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“The parable of the Believers in their mutual love and mercy is like that of a living body: if one part feels pain, the whole body suffers in sleeplessness and fever.”[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Visiting the sick is from the clearest signs of such mutual love, mercy and empathy.  More than that, visiting the sick is a major responsibility that every single Muslim is duty-bound to fulfill.  The Prophet Muhammad said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“The rights of one Muslim over another Muslim are six… When you meet him, you greet him with the salaam<\/em> (i.e. to say: “As-Salamu alaykum<\/em>”), when he invites you, you accept his invitation, when he consults you in a matter, you give him sincere advice, when he sneezes and praises God, you ask God to have mercy on him, when he is sick, you visit him, and when he passes away you accompany him (through his funeral).”[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

In this Prophetic narration) we find that the Muslim is encouraged with concern for his brother in Islam during the three phases of his worldly existence: his health, sickness and his death.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Whilst in good health, the Muslim is obliged to greet his brother in faith with the greetings of peace and protection, to accept his invitations and to give him sincere advice.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Then, when the Muslim is suffering from a cold, an allergy or whatever else is causing him to sneeze, his brother in Islam is obliged to ask God to have mercy on him.  Likewise, when the Muslim’s sickness is such that he is incapacitated, his brother in Islam is obliged to visit him.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Finally, when the Muslim passes away from this life, his brother in faith is obliged to accompany his funeral procession, prayer and burial.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The great reward awaiting those who visit the sick was spelt out by the Prophet when he explained:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“A Muslim visiting his sick brother will continue to be in the harvest of paradise until he or she returns home.”<\/strong>[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

And God’s Messenger of Mercy, Muhammad, also said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“A visitor walking to visit a sick person will be wading in the mercy of God.  When the visitor sits with the sick one, they will be immersed in mercy until his or her return.”[4]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

God Himself explained the importance of and greatness of the reward of visiting the sick. The Prophet said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“On the Day of Resurrection, God the Mighty and Majestic will say: ‘O child of Adam! I became sick and you did not visit me!’ The person will say, ‘O Lord, how can I visit you and you are the Lord of all that Exists!’ God will say, ‘Did you not know that my slave ‘so and so’ became sick, and you did not visit him? Did you not know that if you visited him, you would have found me with him?’” (Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

As with every other virtuous deed and noble duty, Prophet Muhammad led by example.  He would both make time to personally visit the sick and also enquire after them through others.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Whilst in Mecca, for example, a pagan woman was given to throw filth and garbage upon the Prophet whenever he passed her house.  One day, the noticeable absence of the Prophet’s abuser concerned him so much that he enquired after her.  When he learnt of her sickness, he visited her.  She was so taken aback by his merciful concern and that she embraced Islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Repel (the evil of your foe) with what is better: then lo!  the one between whom and you was enmity (will become to you) as if he were a dear friend.” (Quran 41:34)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

The learned Companion, Anas b. Malik, also related the following episode from the life of God’s Final Prophet to humanity:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“A Jewish boy who would serve the Prophet fell sick, so the Prophet said: ‘Let us go and visit him.’  <\/strong>They (the Prophet and his illustrious Companions) went to visit him and found his father sitting by his head.  The Messenger of God said:‘Proclaim that there is no true deity worthy of being worshipped except God alone, and I will intercede on your behalf on account of it on the Day of Resurrection.’  <\/strong>The boy looked at his father and the father said: ‘Obey Abul-Qasim (Muhammad)!<\/strong>’  So the boy uttered: ‘There is no true deity worthy of being worshipped except God alone, and Muhammad is the last Messenger.’  The Messenger of God then said: ‘All praise is due to God Who saved him from the Fire of Hell.’”<\/strong>[5]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

From these two examples from life of the Prophet, we find that it is not a precondition that the sick being visited are from within the fold of Islam.  Nevertheless, from these two examples, we find that the act of visiting the sick and suffering, as exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad, can be such a touching and moving experience that it might even cure that most fateful of diseases: infidelity.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Indeed in the Messenger of God you have an excellent example to follow for whoever hopes for [the meeting of] God and the Last Day and remembers God much.” (Quran 33:21)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Saheeh Muslim<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Related by Abu Hurayra in Saheeh Bukhari<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Saheeh Muslim<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> Imam Ahmad and Ibn Hibban.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[5]<\/a> Ibn Hibban.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(part 2 of 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

The rewards for visiting the sick are great in both number and magnitude.  The Prophet Muhammad said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“If a man calls on his sick Muslim brother, it is as if he walks reaping the fruits of Paradise until he sits, and when he sits he is showered in mercy, and if this was in the morning, seventy thousand angels pray for him until the evening, and if this was in the evening, seventy thousand angels pray for him until the morning.” (Al-Tirmidhi<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

And he, Heavenly Salutations be upon him, also said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Whoever visits a sick person is plunging into mercy until he sits down, and when he sits down he is submerged in it.” (Silsilah Al-Saheehah<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

And the Prophet also said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Whoever visits a sick person or visits a brother in Islam, a caller cries out to him: ‘May you be happy, may your walking be blessed, and may you occupy a dignified position in Paradise.’”[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Happiness and optimism are Islamic virtues when they spring from trust and hope in God.  Likewise sadness and pessimism are sinful when they reflect a state of despair in the Almighty.  Therefore, regardless of how bad or “incurable” the illness, the one visiting the sick should encourage him with hope in God, Who has power over all things, including the chronically, even terminally ill.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Is not He (God) able to give life to the dead?!” (Quran 75:40)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“…And in God should the believers put their trust.” (Quran 3:122)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Besides trying to help the sick forget their pain, suffering, discomfort and hardship –  even if only for a short while - the visit should also serve to boost their morale, lift their spirit and strengthen their resolve.  Abdullah b. Abbas, the cousin and Companion of the Prophet, related that when visiting a sick person, God’s Messenger would say:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Be steadfast, may God purify you.” (Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

What’s more, the visitor should use the occasion of his visit to remind himself and the one being visited of their total and utter dependence upon God; that it is better to suffer in this life than the Next, and that He, Most High, will reward the believer who is patient and firm when put to in trial.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“…And (righteous are those) who remain patient in times of poverty, sickness and during conflict….” (Quran 2:177)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Tactful speech is advisable during the best of times.  The one visiting the sick ought to be especially sensitive and careful with his words when in the presence of the suffering.  After all, exacerbating the patient’s distress might lead to a worsening of their physical condition.  And just because a person may be incapacitated due to their sickness, it does not mean that they forfeit their right to be obeyed in their own house, nor that their privacy go un-respected.  The scholar of Islam, Imam Ibn Abdul-Barr, wrote in his book of Islamic jurisprudence, Al-Kafi<\/em>:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Whether you visit a healthy or an ill person, you ought to sit where you are told.  Hosts know better how to ensure privacy in their home.  Visiting an ill person is a confirmed Sunnah.  The best visit is the shortest.  The visitor ought not to sit too long with an ill person, unless they are close friends and the ill person enjoys their company.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

As for the length of the visit, if the visitor is sincere in his intention, once he has achieved the objective of his visit, he would have no reason to burden the sick person with a prolonged stay and unnecessary disturbance.  The Syrian scholar, Shaykh Abdul-Fatah Abu Ghuddah, wrote in his book on Islamic manners:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“The length of the visit should not be longer than the time between the two sermons of Friday.  In this respect, it was said that the visit should be long enough to convey salaams and wishes, to ask the sick how they are doing, to pray for their recovery and to leave immediately after bidding them farewell.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The point being that the visitor must show compassion at every moment and opportunity: compassion through the appropriateness of his words, compassion through the correctness of his conduct, and compassion through the brevity of his stay; all in the sure knowledge that doing so would lend him towards God’s Compassion, as His Beloved Prophet said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Show mercy to those on earth, the One above the heavens will show mercy upon you.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

And from the most compassionate of actions is to emulate the Sunnah<\/em>(inspired practice) of the Prophet Muhammad in visiting the sick.  That is because to say and do as he did is the surest way to bring about success in both this life and the Next, for both the visitor and the one being visited.  From the many Prophetic narrations that have reached us in this regard is the narration of A’isha, the wife of the Prophet, where she said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“If someone fell sick, the Prophet would pass his right hand over them while saying the following prayer: ‘O Lord of humanity!,  take away the suffering, bring the recovery, there is no cure but Your cure that leaves no illness.’” (Saheeh Al-Bukhari, Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Also, from the practice of the Prophet when visiting the sick was to say:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“No worry.  It is a cleansing and purification, if God so wills.” (Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Let us hope and pray that each and every affliction we experience is a blessing in disguise, a cleansing and purification of both our body and soul from every harm and impurity.  And may our visiting others during their sickness bring us and them reward from He Who is Most High.  And in God we seek refuge.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Al-Tirmidhi<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":25444,"lft":2123,"rght":2136,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T01:29:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:21:35.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":17,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Morals & Ethics","category_slug":"Morals-and-Ethics","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-Visiting the Sick.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-Visiting the Sick.docx"},{"id":1175,"title":"Visitar a los enfermos","slug":"visitar-a-los-enfermos","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Visiting the Sick.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Visiting the Sick.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:visitar-a-los-enfermos","hint":"","body":"

Visitar a los enfermos<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 (parte 1 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

El Islam invita a todo lo que es bueno y advierte contra todo lo que es malo. Entre aquellos actos buenos y virtuosos se encuentra el visitar a los enfermos y afligidos. Cuando la gente se visita unos a otros en la buena salud, los lazos de amistad y hermandad se estrechan. ¿Y qué cuando la gente se visita en momentos de enfermedad y cuando la salud falla o se es pobre? Ilustrando la empatía que los musulmanes deben mostrar por los demás, el Profeta Muhammad, que la misericordia y las bendiciones de Dios sean con él, dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Los creyentes son en su amor y misericordia mutuos es como un cuerpo viviente: si una parte siente dolor, todo el cuerpo sufre de insomnio y fiebre”[1]<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Visitar a los enfermos está entre las señales más claras del amor, misericordia y empatía mutuos. Más que eso, visitar a los enfermos es una gran responsabilidad que todo musulmán tiene el deber de cumplir. El Profeta Muhammad dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Los derechos de un musulmán sobre otro musulmán son seis… Cuando te encuentras con alguien, lo saludas con el salam<\/em> (decir: as-salamu alaikum<\/em>); cuando te invita, aceptas su invitación; cuando te consulta sobre un asunto, le das un consejo sincero; cuando estornuda y alaba a Dios, le pides a Dios que tenga misericordia de él; cuando está enfermo lo visitas, y cuando se muere lo acompañas (en su funeral)”[2]<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

En esta narración profética, vemos que el musulmán es animado a preocuparse por su hermano en el Islam durante las tres fases de su existencia terrenal: su salud, su enfermedad y su muerte.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Mientras esté con buena salud, el musulmán está obligado a saludar a su hermano en la fe con el saludo de paz y protección, a aceptar sus invitaciones y a darle un consejo sincero.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Luego, cuando el musulmán está sufriendo un resfriado, una alergia o cualquier otra cosa que lo haga estornudar, su hermano en el Islam está obligado a pedirle misericordia a Dios por él. Del mismo modo, cuando la enfermedad del musulmán es tal que está incapacitado, su hermano en el Islam está obligado a visitarlo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Finalmente, cuando el musulmán deja esta vida, su hermano en la fe está obligado a acompañarlo en su funeral, oración fúnebre y entierro.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

La gran recompensa que espera a quienes visitan al enfermo, fue pronunciada por el Profeta cuando explicó:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Cuando un musulm<\/strong>án visita a su hermano enfermo, es como si estuviera cosechando frutos en el Paraíso, hasta que vuelva a su casa”<\/strong>[3]<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Y el Mensajero de Dios, el Misericordioso, también dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Un visitante que camina a visitar a una persona enferma estará caminando en la misericordia de Dios. Cuando el visitante se sienta con el enfermo, se verá inmerso en la misericordia de Dios hasta que regrese”[4]<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dios mismo explicó la importancia y la enorme recompensa de visitar a los enfermos. El Profeta dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“El Día de la Resurrección, Dios el Poderoso y Majestuoso dirá: ‘¡Oh, hijo de Adán! Me enfermé y no me visitaste’ La persona dirá: ‘¡Oh, Señor!, ¿cómo podía visitarte si eres el Señor de todo lo que existe?’ Dios dirá: ‘¿No sabías que mi siervo fulano se enfermó y no lo visitaste? ¿No sabías que si lo visitabas, me habrías encontrado con él?’” (Sahih Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Como con todas las demás acciones virtuosas y los deberes nobles, el Profeta Muhammad dio el ejemplo. Él se tomó el tiempo de visitar personalmente a los enfermos, y también preguntó por ellos a través de otros.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Mientras estaba en La Meca, por ejemplo, una mujer pagana se dedicó a tirar basura sobre el Profeta cada vez que pasaba frente a la casa de ella. Un día, la ausencia notable de la persona que abusaba del Profeta le preocupó tanto que preguntó por ella. Cuando se enteró que estaba enferma, la visitó. Ella se sorprendió tanto por su misericordiosa preocupación que abrazó el Islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“No se equipara obrar el bien y obrar el mal. Si eres maltratado responde con una buena actitud [sabiendo disculpar], y entonces verás que aquel con quien tenías una enemistad se convertirá en tu amigo ferviente”. (Corán 41:34)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

El Compañero erudito Anas bin Malik, relató también el siguiente episodio de la vida del último Profeta de Dios para la humanidad:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Un joven judío que servía al Profeta cayó enfermo, así que el Profeta dijo:‘Vamos a visitarlo’. <\/strong>Ellos (el Profeta y sus ilustres Compañeros) fueron a visitarlo y encontraron a su padre sentado a su cabecera. El Mensajero de Dios dijo: ‘Proclama que no hay deidad merecedora de ser adorada sino sólo Dios, e intercederé por ti cuando se te llame a rendir cuentas en el Día de la Resurrección’.<\/strong> El joven miró a su padre, y el padre le dijo: <\/strong>‘¡Obedece a Abul-Qasim (Muhammad)!’ Entonces, el muchacho pronunció: ‘No hay divinidad digna de ser adorada sino sólo Dios, y Muhammad es el último Mensajero’. El Mensajero de Dios dijo entonces: ‘Todas las alabanzas son para Dios, Quien lo salvó del fuego del Infierno’”<\/strong>[5]<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

De estos dos ejemplos de la vida del Profeta, encontramos que no es una precondición que el enfermo a ser visitado esté en las filas del Islam. Sin embargo, de estos dos ejemplos encontramos que el acto de visitar al enfermo y al que sufre, como lo ejemplificó el Profeta Muhammad, puede ser una experiencia tan emocionante y conmovedora que puede incluso curar la más fatídica de las enfermedades: la incredulidad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “Hay un bello ejemplo en el Mensajero de Allah [de valor y firmeza en la fe] para quienes tienen esperanza en Allah, [anhelan ser recompensados] en el Día del Juicio y recuerdan frecuentemente a Allah”. (Corán 33:21)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Sahih Muslim<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Relatado por Abu Huraira en Sahih Al Bujari<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Sahih Muslim<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> Imam Ahmad e Ibn Hibban.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[5]<\/a> Ibn Hibban.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(parte 2 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Las recompensas por visitar al enfermo son grandes, tanto en número como en magnitud. El Profeta Muhammad dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Si un hombre visita a su hermano musulmán enfermo, es como si caminara recogiendo los frutos del Paraíso hasta que se siente, y cuando se sienta es bañado en misericordia; y si esto fue por la mañana, setenta mil ángeles rezan por él hasta la noche; y si fue por la noche, setenta mil ángeles rezan por él hasta la mañana”. (At-Tirmidhi<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Y él, que la paz y las bendiciones de Dios sean con él, también dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Quienquiera que visite a una persona enferma está rodeado de misericordia hasta que se sienta, y cuando se sienta se sumerge completamente en ella”. (Silsilah As-Sahihah<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Y el Profeta también dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Cualquiera que visite a una persona enferma o visite a un hermano en el Islam, un pregonero le grita: ‘Que seas feliz, que tus pasos sean bendecidos, y que ocupes una posición digna en el Paraíso’”[1]<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

La felicidad y el optimismo son virtudes islámicas cuando surgen de la confianza y la esperanza en Dios. Del mismo modo, la tristeza y el pesimismo son pecados cuando reflejan un estado de desesperación en el Todopoderoso. Por lo tanto, independientemente de qué tan grave o “incurable” sea la enfermedad, quien visita al enfermo debe animarlo con la esperanza en Dios, Quien tiene el poder sobre todas las cosas, incluyendo la enfermedad crónica y hasta la terminal.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “¿Acaso Quien tiene poder sobre todas las cosas no es capaz de resucitar a los muertos?” (Corán 75:40)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Es a Allah que los creyentes deben encomendarse”. (Corán 3:122)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Además de tratar de ayudar al enfermo a olvidar su dolor, sufrimiento, incomodidad y dificultad –aunque sea sólo por un momento–, el visitante debería servir también para levantarle el ánimo, animar su espíritu y fortalecer su determinación. Abdullah bin Abbas, el primo y Compañero del Profeta, relató que cuando visitaban a una persona, el Mensajero de Dios decía:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “Sé firme, que Dios te purifica”. (Sahih Al Bujari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Es más, el visitante debe aprovechar la ocasión de su visita para recordarse a sí mismo y al que visita sobre su dependencia total y absoluta de Dios, que es mejor sufrir en esta vida en lugar de la próxima; y que Él, el Altísimo, recompensará al creyente que es paciente y firme cuando es puesto a prueba.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“La piedad no consiste en orientarse hacia el oriente o el occidente, sino que consiste en creer […] ser paciente en la pobreza, la desgracia y en el momento del enfrentamiento con el enemigo”. (Corán 2:177)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Hablar con tacto es aconsejable durante los mejores tiempos. El que visita al enfermo debe ser especialmente sensible y cuidadoso con sus palabras mientras está en presencia del que sufre. Después de todo, agravar la angustia del paciente puede llevarlo a que empeore su condición física. Y el hecho de que una persona esté incapacitada por su enfermedad no significa que pierda su derecho a ser obedecido en su propia casa, ni que su privacidad pueda ser irrespetada. El erudito del Islam, Imam Ibn Abdul-Barr, escribió en su libro de jurisprudencia islámica, Al Kafi<\/em>:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Si visitas a una persona sana o enferma, debes sentarte donde te digan. Los anfitriones saben mejor cómo asegurar la privacidad de su hogar. Visitar a una persona enferma es una Sunnah confirmada. La mejor visita es la más corta. El visitante no debe pasar mucho tiempo con la persona enferma, a menos que sean amigos cercanos y la persona enferma disfrute de su compañía”.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

En cuanto a la duración de la visita, si el visitante es sincero en su intención, una vez ha logrado el objetivo de su visita, no tendría ninguna razón para agobiar al enfermo con una estadía prolongada y molestias innecesarias. El erudito sirio Shaij Abdul-Fatah Abu Ghuddah, escribió en su libro de modales islámicos:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“La duración de la visita no debe ser mayor que el tiempo entre los dos sermones del viernes. A este respecto, se dijo que la visita debería ser suficiente como para transmitir saludos y deseos, para preguntar al enfermo cómo está, para rezar por su recuperación y para salir inmediatamente después de ofrecerle la despedida”.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

El punto es que el visitante debe mostrar compasión en todo momento y oportunidad: compasión a través de lo apropiado de sus palabras, compasión a través de lo correcto de su conducta, y compasión a través de la brevedad de su estadía; todo con la certeza de que haciendo esto lo hará merecedor de la compasión de Dios, como dijo Su Amado Profeta:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “Muestra misericordia a aquellos en la tierra, y Aquel sobre los cielos tendrá misericordia de ti”.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Y de los actos más compasivos está emular la Sunnah<\/em> del Profeta Muhammad al visitar al enfermo. Esto es porque decir y hacer lo que él hizo es la forma más segura de lograr el éxito en esta vida y en la otra, tanto para el visitante como para el que es visitado. De las muchas narraciones proféticas que nos han llegado a este respecto, está la narración de A’isha, la esposa del Profeta, cuando dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Si alguien se enfermaba, el Profeta pasaba su mano derecha sobre él mientras decía la siguiente oración: ‘¡Oh Señor de la humanidad!, quita el sufrimiento, brinda recuperación, no hay cura sino Tu cura que no deja lugar a enfermedad’”. (Sahih Al-Bujari, Sahih Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

También, es parte de la práctica del Profeta cuando visitaba a los enfermos, decir:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“No te preocupes. Es una limpieza y una purificación (de los pecados), si Dios quiere”. (Sahih Al Bujari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Deseemos y recemos porque cada aflicción que experimentemos sea una bendición, una limpieza y una purificación tanto de nuestro cuerpo como de nuestra alma de todo daño e impureza. Y que nuestra visita a otros durante su enfermedad nos dé a nosotros y a ellos recompensas de Él, Quien es el Altísimo. Y en Dios nos refugiamos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> At-Tirmidhi<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":21041,"lft":2124,"rght":2125,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T01:29:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:17:10.000000Z","language_id":12,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":17,"parent_id":1174,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Morals & Ethics","category_slug":"Morals-and-Ethics","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Visiting the Sick.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Visiting the Sick.docx"},{"id":1176,"title":"Rendre visite aux maladies","slug":"rendre-visite-aux-maladies","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Visiting the Sick.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Visiting the Sick.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:rendre-visite-aux-maladies","hint":"","body":"

Rendre visite aux maladies<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/span>(partie 1 de 2) <\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

L’islam est un mode de vie qui invite les gens à accomplir de bonnes actions et qui les met en garde contre les mauvaises actions.  Parmi les bonnes et vertueuses actions, il y a le fait de rendre visite aux personnes malades et à celles frappées d’un malheur.  Quand les gens se visitent mutuellement alors qu’ils sont en bonne santé, cela renforce les liens de fraternité et d’amitié entre eux.  Cela est encore plus vrai lorsqu’ils se rendent visite aux moments où la maladie frappe.  Pour illustrer l’empathie que les musulmans sont censés ressentir les uns envers les autres, le prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« La parabole des croyants, dans leur amour et leur miséricorde mutuels, est celle d’un corps humain : lorsqu’une de ses parties ressent de la douleur, c’est tout le corps qui réagit par la fièvre et l’insomnie. »[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Rendre visite aux malades est l’un des signes les plus clairs de cet amour, de cette empathie et de cette miséricorde entre les croyants.  Qui plus est, rendre visite aux malades est une de ces responsabilités que doit remplir sans faute chaque musulman.  Le prophète Mohammed a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Les droits du musulman sur son frère musulman sont au nombre de six : quand il le rencontre, il doit le saluer avec le salam (i.e. lui dire « assalam’alaikoum »); quand il l’invite, il doit répondre à son invitation; lorsqu’il le consulte sur n’importe quel sujet, il doit lui donner un avis sincère; lorsqu’il éternue et loue Dieu, il doit demander à Dieu d’être miséricordieux envers lui; lorsqu’il est malade, il doit lui rendre visite; et lorsqu’il quitte ce monde, il doit assister à ses funérailles. »[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dans ce hadith, donc, on constate que le musulman est encouragé à montrer de l’empathie envers son frère en islam au cours de trois phases de sa vie : lorsqu’il est en santé, lorsqu’il est malade et lorsqu’il meurt.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Lorsqu’il est en santé, le musulman est obligé de saluer son frère en islam avec le salut de la paix, d’accepter ses invitations et de lui donner des avis sincères.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Puis, lorsqu’il éternue, son frère doit demander à Dieu d’être miséricordieux envers lui. De même, lorsqu’il est malade et alité, son frère doit se rendre à son chevet.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Enfin, lorsqu’il quitte ce monde, son frère en islam est dans l’obligation de suivre son cortège funèbre, de participer à la prière funéraire et d’assister à son enterrement.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le Prophète a parlé de la grande rétribution qui attend ceux qui visitent les malades :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Le musulman qui rend visite à son frère malade ne cesse de cueillir des fruits du Paradis jusqu’à ce qu’il le quitte. »<\/strong>[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Et il a également dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Celui qui marche pour aller rendre visite à un malade baigne dans la miséricorde de Dieu.  Et lorsqu’il s’assoit auprès du malade, ils sont tous deux submergés de miséricorde jusqu’à ce qu’il retourne chez lui. »[4]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dieu a également parlé de l’importance de rendre visite aux malades et de l’immense rétribution qui y est rattachée.  Le Prophète a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Au Jour du Jugement, Dieu, le Majestueux et le Tout-Puissant, dira : « Ô enfant d’Adam!  J’ai été malade et tu ne M’as pas rendu visite! »  La personne demandera : « Ô Seigneur!  Comment aurais-je pu te rendre visite alors que Tu es le Seigneur de l’univers? »  Dieu répondra : « Ne savais-tu pas que Mon serviteur untel était malade?  Tu n’es pourtant pas allé lui rendre visite.  Ne savais-tu pas que si tu lui avais rendu visite, tu M’aurais trouvé près de lui? »  (Sahih Mouslim)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Comme pour toutes les autres actions vertueuses, le prophète Mohammed nous a guidés par l’exemple.  Il trouvait toujours le temps d’aller rendre visite aux malades et de prendre de leurs nouvelles, par la suite, auprès de leurs proches.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Lorsqu’il était encore à la Mecque, il y avait une païenne qui ne manquait jamais de lui lancer des ordures chaque fois qu’il passait devant chez elle.  Un jour, il remarqua son absence; il demanda alors de ses nouvelles.  Lorsqu’il apprit qu’elle était en fait malade, il alla lui rendre visite.  Elle fut si déconcertée par sa sincère compassion qu’elle finit par embrasser l’islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Repousse le mal par ce qui est meilleur, et voilà que celui qui te traitait en ennemi (devient) un ami intime. » (Coran 41:34)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Un des compagnons du Prophète, Anas ibn Malik, a, de son côté, rapporté le hadith suivant :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Un jeune garçon juif qui travaillait pour le Prophète tomba malade.  Alors le Prophète dit : « Allons lui rendre visite<\/strong> ».  Avec ses compagnons, ils se rendirent chez le garçon et le trouvèrent en compagnie de son père.  Le messager de Dieu dit : « Atteste qu’il n’y a pas d’autre divinité méritant d’être adorée à part Dieu et j’intercéderai en ta faveur au Jour de la Résurrection. »<\/strong>  Le garçon regarda son père et celui-ci dit : « Obéis à Aboul-Qasim (i.e. à Mohammed). »  Alors le garçon dit : « Il n’y a pas d’autre divinité qui mérite d’être adorée à part Dieu et Mohammed est Son messager. »  Le Prophète dit alors :« Gloire à Dieu, qui l’a sauvé du feu de l’Enfer. »<\/strong>[5]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ces deux exemples démontrent clairement que pour rendre visite à une personne malade, il n’est pas obligatoire que cette personne soit musulmane.  Et que le fait de rendre visite aux malades, tel que le faisait le prophète Mohammed, peut être perçu comme un geste si touchant qu’il peut même guérir une personne d’un mal encore plus profond, c’est-à-dire l’incroyance.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Vraiment, vous avez dans le messager de Dieu un excellent exemple (à suivre) pour quiconque investit ses espoirs en Dieu et dans le Jour dernier et invoque Dieu fréquemment. » (Coran 33:21)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Sahih Mouslim<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Rapporté par Abou Hourayra dans Sahih Boukhari<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Sahih Mouslim<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> Imam Ahmad et Ibn Hibban.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[5]<\/a> Ibn Hibban.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (partie 2 de 2) <\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Rendre visite aux malades est une action pour laquelle les récompenses, de la part de Dieu, sont nombreuses.  Le prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Si un homme rend visite à son frère (musulman) malade, c’est comme si, tout en marchant, il cueillait les fruits du Paradis, jusqu’à ce qu’il s’assoit.  Et lorsqu’il s’assoit, il est couvert de miséricorde; et si cela se passe le matin, soixante-dix mille anges prient pour lui jusqu’au soir, et si cela se passe le soir, soixante-dix mille anges prient pour lui jusqu’au matin. » (at-Tirmidhi<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Il a également dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Quiconque rend visite à une personne malade, c’est comme s’il plongeait dans la miséricorde jusqu’à ce qu’il s’assoit; et lorsqu’il s’assoit, il en est submergé. » (Silsilah al-Sahihah<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le Prophète a également dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Quand quelqu’un rend visite à une personne malade ou à un de ses frères en islam, une voix s’écrie : « Sois heureux!  Que ta marche soit bénite et puisses-tu occuper une noble position au Paradis. »[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le bonheur et l’optimisme sont des vertus islamiques lorsqu’elles sont animées par la confiance et l’espoir en Dieu.  De même, la tristesse et le pessimisme peuvent être considérés comme des péchés lorsqu’ils sont le reflet d’un désespoir et d’un manque de confiance en Dieu.  Par conséquent, peu importe à quel point sa maladie semble incurable, quand on rend visite à un malade, on doit l’encourager à avoir confiance en Dieu, car c’est Lui qui détient le pouvoir sur toute chose.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « (Celui qui a fait cela) n’est-Il pas capable de faire revivre les morts? » (Coran 75:40)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « C’est en Dieu que les croyants placent leur confiance. » (Coran 3:122)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

En plus de tenter de faire oublier sa douleur, son inconfort et son épreuve au malade – ne serait-ce que pour un court instant – le visiteur doit aussi chercher à lui remonter le moral et lui redonner espoir.  Abdoullah ibn Abbas, le cousin et compagnon du Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a rapporté que lorsque ce dernier rendait visite à un malade, il lui disait :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Sois ferme et résolu et que Dieu te purifie. » (Sahih al-Boukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le visiteur devrait également profiter de l’occasion pour rappeler au malade, ainsi qu’à lui-même, sa totale dépendance envers Dieu; et qu’il est préférable de souffrir en ce monde plutôt que dans l’au-delà et que Dieu, le Très-Haut, récompensera certainement le croyant qui se montre patient et résolu dans l’épreuve.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Et [sont pieux] (…) ceux qui sont patients en période de tribulations, d’adversité et de grande tension.  Les voilà, ceux qui sont sincères et les voilà ceux qui craignent vraiment Dieu. » (Coran 2:177)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Même dans les meilleurs moments, il faut toujours savoir faire preuve de tact.  Cela est encore plus vrai en présence d’une personne malade, auprès de laquelle il faut faire attention aux mots que nous utilisons, car nous ne voudrions surtout pas, par maladresse, exacerber sa détresse, ce qui pourrait avoir des répercussions négatives sur son état de santé.  Par ailleurs, ce n’est pas parce qu’une personne est affaiblie par la maladie qu’elle abandonne son droit à être obéie dans sa maison ou son droit au respect de sa vie privée.  Un des érudits de l’islam, Imam ibn Abdoul-Barr, a écrit, dans son ouvrage de jurisprudence islamique intitulé al-Kafi<\/em> :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Que vous rendiez visite à une personne malade ou en santé, vous devez vous asseoir là où on vous invite à le faire; vos hôtes savent mieux que vous comment assurer leur intimité dans leur propre maison.  Rendre visite à une personne malade est une sounnah et la meilleure visite est celle qui est la plus courte.  Le visiteur ne doit pas rester trop longtemps auprès de la personne malade, à moins qu’ils soient des amis intimes ou que la personne malade prenne un plaisir manifeste à la compagnie de son visiteur. »<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Quant à la durée de la visite, si le visiteur est sincère dans son intention et qu’il a atteint l’objectif de sa visite, il n’a aucune raison d’ennuyer la personne malade en prolongeant inutilement sa visite.  L’érudit syrien Abdoul-Fatah Abou Ghouddah, a écrit, dans son ouvrage sur les bonnes manières en islam :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « La durée de la visite ne devrait pas dépasser le laps de temps entre les deux sermons du vendredi.  À cet égard, il a été dit que la visite doit durer assez longtemps pour que le visiteur puisse saluer le malade et lui offrir ses vœux de prompt rétablissement, lui demander des nouvelles de sa santé, prier pour sa guérison et quitter immédiatement après lui avoir dit au revoir. »<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le visiteur doit donc démontrer de la compassion à chaque instant et ce, en choisissant bien ses mots, en se comportant de façon irréprochable et en ne prolongeant pas inutilement sa visite.  Le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Soyez miséricordieux envers les créatures de la terre et Celui qui est au-dessus des cieux le sera envers vous. »<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Et parmi les actions les plus miséricordieuses, il y a le fait de suivre la sounnah (i.e. l’exemple) du prophète Mohammed dans sa façon de rendre visite aux malades.  Cela parce que faire et dire comme il a fait et dit est le moyen le plus sûr de connaître le succès en cette vie et dans l’au-delà, à la fois pour le visiteur et pour le malade.  Parmi les nombreuses narrations prophétiques relatives à ce sujet, il y a celle qu’Aisha, son épouse, a rapportée :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 « Quand quelqu’un était malade, le Prophète passait sa main droite sur lui et faisait l’invocation suivante : « Ô Seigneur de l’humanité!  Fais disparaître la souffrance et apporte la guérison.  Il n’y a pas d’autre guérison que la Tienne, qui fait disparaître toute trace de maladie. » (Sahih al-Boukhari, Sahih Mouslim)<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Et lorsqu’il rendait visite aux malades, il disait également :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Ne t’inquiète pas.  Si Dieu le veut, il s’agit d’une purification. » (Sahih al-Boukhari)<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Alors prions pour que chaque affliction qui nous atteint soit une bénédiction, de même qu’une purification à la fois de notre corps et de notre esprit.  Et pour que le fait de rendre visite aux personnes malades nous apporte la rétribution du Très-Haut, à nous et à elles.  Et c’est auprès de Dieu que nous cherchons refuge.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> At-Tirmidhi<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":19793,"lft":2126,"rght":2127,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T01:29:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:15:07.000000Z","language_id":9,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":17,"parent_id":1174,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Morals & Ethics","category_slug":"Morals-and-Ethics","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Visiting the Sick.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Visiting the Sick.docx"},{"id":1177,"title":"Den Kranken besuchen","slug":"den-kranken-besuchen","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-Visiting the Sick.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-Visiting the Sick.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:den-kranken-besuchen","hint":"","body":"

Den Kranken besuchen<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/span> (teil 1 von 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Der Islam lädt zu allem ein, das gut ist und warnt vor allem, das schlecht ist.  Zu diesen guten und rechtschaffenen Taten gehört das Besuchen der Kranken und Geprüften.  Wenn sich die Menschen bei guter Gesundheit besuchen, stärkt dies die Bande der Brüderlichkeit und der Freundschaft.  Wie ist es dann wohl, wenn sie einander in Zeiten der Krankheit oder fehlenden Gesundheit besuchen?  Das Mitgefühl, das die Muslime für einander empfinden sollten, illustrierend, sagte der Prophet Muhammad, Gottes Segen und Frieden seien mit ihm:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Das Gleichnis der Gläubigen in ihrer gegenseitigen Liebe und Zuneigung ist wie das eines lebendigen Körpers: wenn ein Teil Schmerzen fühlt, dann reagiert der ganze Körper mit Schlaflosigkeit und Fieber.”[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Das Besuchen des Kranken ist das deutlichste Zeichen für derartige gegenseitige Liebe, Mitgefühl und Zuneigung.  Mehr noch, das Besuchen des Kranken ist eine Verpflichtung , die jeder einzelne pflichtbewusste Muslim erfüllen sollte.  Der Prophet Muhammad sagte:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Die Rechte eines Muslim über einen anderen Muslim sind sechs... Wenn du ihn triffst, dann grüße ihn mit dem Salaam<\/em> (d.h. zu sagen: “As-Salamu alaykum<\/em>”), wenn er dich einlädt, nimm seine Einladung an, wenn er dich in einer Angelegenheit um Rat bittet, erteile ihm aufrichtigen Rat, wenn er niest und Gott preist, bitte Gott um Gnade für ihn, wenn er krank ist, besuche ihn und wenn er verstirbt, begleite ihn (bei seiner Beerdigung).”[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Anhand dieser prophetischen Aussage sehen wir, dass dem Muslim die Anteilnahme für seinen Bruder in drei Phasen seines weltlichen Daseins ans Herz gelegt wird: Gesundheit, Krankheit und Tod. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Bei guter Gesundheit ist der Muslim verpflichtet, seinen Bruder im Glauben mit dem Gruß des Friedens und des Schutzes zu begrüßen, seine Einladungen anzunehmen und ihm aufrichtigen Rat zu erteilen.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wenn ein Muslim an einer Erkältung, einer Allergie oder etwas anderem leidet, das ihn niesen lässt, ist sein Bruder im Islam verpflichtet, Gott um Gnade für ihn zu bitten.  Ebenso wenn die Krankheit des Muslim diesen behindert, ist sein Bruder im Islam verpflichtet, ihn zu besuchen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wenn ein Muslim schließlich stirbt, ist sein Bruder im Glauben verpflichtet, seine Beerdigungszug, dem Gebet und dem Begräbnis beizuwohnen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die großartige Belohnung, die den erwartet, der den Kranken besucht, wurde durch den Propheten erläutert, als er sagte:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ein Muslim, der seinen kranken Bruder besucht, wird das Paradies ernten, bis er oder sie nach Hause zurückkehrt.”<\/strong>[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Und Gottes Gesandter der Gnade, Muhamad, sagte auch:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ein Besucher, der geht, um eine kranke Person zu besuchen, watet in der Barmherzigkeit Gottes.  Wenn der Besucher mit dem Kranken sitzt, werden sie in die Barmherzigkeit versunken sein, bis er oder sie zurückkehrt. ”[4]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Gott Selbst erläuterte die Wichtigkeit und die Großartigkeit des Lohnes für den Krankenbesuch.  Der Prophet sagte:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Am Tag der Wiedererweckung wird Gott der Allmächtige und Majestätische sagen: ´O Kind Adams, Ich war krank und du hast Mich nicht besucht!´  Die Person wird sagen: ´O Herr, wie könnte ich Dich besuchen und Du bist der Herr von alle, das existiert!´  Gott wird sagen: ´Wusstest du nicht, dass Mein Diener so-und-so krank gewesen war und du hast ihn nicht besucht?  Wusstest du nicht, dass wenn du ihn besucht hättest, so hättest du ich bei ihm gefunden?’” (Sahieh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wie bei jeder anderen rechtschaffenen Tat führte der Prophet Muhammad durch sein Beispiel.  Er opferte seine Zeit und machte persönlich Krankenbesuche, und er erkundigte sich durch andere nach ihnen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

In Mekka beispielsweise gab es eine Frau von den Götzendienern, die immer Schmutz und Müll nach dem Propheten warf, wenn er an an ihrem Haus vorbei ging.  Eines Tages besorgte ihn die offensichtliche Abwesenheit der Täterin so, dass er sich nach ihr erkundigte.  Als er von ihrer Krankheit erfuhr, besuchte er sie.  Sie war so überrascht von seiner besorgten Anteilnahme, dass sie den Islam annahm. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Wehre (das Böse) in bester Art ab, und siehe da, der, zwischen dem und dir Feindschaft herrschte, wird wie ein treuer Freund sein.” (Quran 41:34)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der gelehrte Gefährte Anas b. Malik berichtete auch folgenden Vorfall aus dem Leben des letzten Propheten der Menschheit:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ein jüdischer Junge, der de Propheten gewöhnlich diente, wurde krank, da sagte der Prophet: ‘Lasst uns ihn besuchen gehen.’  <\/strong>Sie (der Prophet und seine glorreichen Gefährten) gingen, um ihn zu besuchen und fanden seinen Vater an seinem Kopfende sitzend vor.  Der Gesandte Gottes sagte: ‘Bekenne, dass es keine wahre Gottheit gibt, die Anbetungswürdig ist, außer Gott Allein und ich werde für dich am Tag der Wiedererweckung Fürsprache für dich halten.’  <\/strong>Der Junge blickte seinen Vater an und der Vater sagte: ‘Gehorche Abul-Qasim (Muhammad)!<\/strong>’  Da sagte der Junge: ‘Es gibt keine wahre Gottheit, die Anbetungswürdig ist, außer Gott Allein, und Muhammad ist der letzte Gesandte.’  Da sagte der Gesandte Gottes: ‘Gepriesen sei Gott, Der ihn vor dem Feuer der Hölle gerettet hat.’”<\/strong>[5]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Anhand dieser beiden Beispiele aus dem Leben des Propheten können wir erkennen, dass es keine Voraussetzung für den Besuch ist, dass der Kranke ein Muslim sein muss.  Außerdem sehen wir, dass die Tat, Kranke und Leidende zu besuchen, sehr rührend und ergreifend sein kann, so dass sie sogar die schicksalhafteste Krankheit zu heilen vermag: den Unglauben.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

„Wahrlich, ihr habt an dem Gesandten Allahs ein schönes Vorbild für jeden, der auf Allah und den Letzten Tag hofft und Allahs häufig gedenkt (Quran 33:21)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Sahieh Muslim<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Berichtet von Abu Hurayra in Sahieh Bukhari<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Saheeh Muslim<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> Imam Ahmad and Ibn Hibban.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[5]<\/a> Ibn Hibban.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(teil 2 von 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Der Lohn für den Krankenbesuch ist großartig, was seine Anzahl und seine Größe angeht. Der Prophet Muhammad sagte:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Wenn ein Mann für seinen kranken muslimischen Bruder fleht, ist es so, als ginge er die Früchte des Paradieses ernten, bis er sitzt; und wenn er sitzt, wird er von Gnade überschüttet, und wenn es am Morgen ist, beten siebzigtausend Engel bis zum Abend für ihn und wenn es am Abend ist, beten siebzigtausend Engel für ihn bis zum Morgen.” (Al-Tirmidhi<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Und er, himmlische Grüße seien auf ihm, sagte ebenfalls:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Wer eine kranke Person besucht, stürzt in Gnade, bis er sich hinsetzt, und wenn er sich hinsetzt, taucht er in sie ein.” (Silsilah Al-Sahiehah<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Und der Prophet sagte auch noch:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Wer einen Kranken oder einen Bruder im Islam besucht, dem ruft ein Rufer zu: ´Mögest du glücklich sein, möge dein Gehen gesegnet sein, und mögest du eine würdige Stellung im Paradies einnehmen.’”[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Freude und Optimismus sind islamische Werte, wenn sie dem Vertrauen und der Hoffnung auf Gott entspringen.  Dem entsprechend sind Traurigkeit und Pessimismus sündig, wenn sie einen Zustand der Verzweiflung am Allmächtigen wiederspiegeln.  Deshalb soll derjenige, der den Kranken besucht, diesen ermutigen, auf Gott zu hoffen, Der die Kraft zu allem hat, egal wie schlimm oder wie „unheilbar“ die Krankheit ist, auch wenn sie chronisch oder im Endstadium ist.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ist Er denn nicht imstande, die Toten ins Leben zu rufen?!”(Quran 75:40)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“…Und auf Allah sollen sich die Gläubigen verlassen.”(Quran 3:122)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Abgesehen vom Versuch, den Kranken seine Schmerzen, sein Leid, sein Unwohlsein und sein Elend vergessen zu lassen – selbst wenn es nur für kurze Zeit ist – sollte der Besuch auch dazu dienen, seine Moral zu steigern, seinen Geist zu erheben und seinen Willen zu stärken.  Abdullah b. Abbas, der Kousin und Gefährte des Propheten, berichtete, dass der Gesandte Gottes zu sagen pflegte, wenn er einen Kranken besuchte:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Sei standhaft, möge Gott dich reinigen.” (Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Desweiteren sollte der Besucher die Gelegenheit seines Besuchs nutzen, um sich selbst und den Besuchten an ihre völlige Abhängigkeit von Gott zu erinnern; dass es besser ist, in diesem Leben zu leiden als im Nächsten und dass Er, der Allerhöchste, den Gläubigen, der geduldig und standhaft bleibt, wenn die Prüfung kommt, belohnt.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“…diejenigen, die in Elend, Not und in Kriegszeiten geduldig sind; sie sind es, die wahrhaftig und gottesfürchtig sind….” (Quran 2:177)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Taktvolle Rede ist in den besten Zeiten empfehlenswert.  Derjenige, der den Kranken besucht, sollte angesichts des Leidens besonders sensibel und vorsichtig mit seinen Worten sein.  Schließlich könnte dies, wenn sich der Kummer des Patienten verstärkt, zu einer Verschlechterung seines körperlichen Zustands führen.  Und nur weil jemand aufgrund seiner Krankheit geschwächt ist, bedeutet dies weder, dass er sein Recht auf Gehorsam in seinem eigenen Haus eingebüßt hätte, noch dass seine Privatshäre nicht mehr respektiert werden müsste.  Der Gelehrte des Islam, Imam Ibn Abdul-Barr, schrieb in seinem Buch des islamischen Rechtwesens Al-Kafi<\/em>:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ob du eine gesunde oder eine kranke Person besuchst, du solltest dort sitzen, wo dir gesagt wird.  Der Gastgeber weiss am besten, wie er das Privatleben in seinem Heim sichert.  Das Besuchen eines Kranken ist eine eingeschworene Sunna.  Der beste Besuch ist der kürzeste.  Der Besucher sollte nicht zu lange mit der kranken Person sitzen bleiben, außer wenn sie enge Freunde sind und der Kranke seine Gesellschaft genießt.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Was die Länge des Besuchs betrifft, wenn der Besucher aufrichtig in seiner Absicht ist, sobald er das Ziel seines Besuchs erreicht hat, hat er keinen Grund mehr, die kranke Person mit einem verlängerten Aufenthalt und unnötiger Unruhe zu belasten.  Der syrische Gelehrte, Schaikh Abdul-Fatah Abu Ghuddah, schrieb in seinem Buch über islamische Manieren:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Die Länge des Besuchs sollte nicht länger sein, als die Zeit zwischen den beiden Predigten am Freitag. In dieser Hinsicht wurde gesagt, der Besuch sollte lang genug sein, um den Salam und Wünsche zu übermitteln, den Kranken zu fragen, wie es ihm geht, für seine Genesung zu beten und ihn gleich nach dem Abschied zu verlassen.”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der springende Punkt dabei ist, dass der Besucher jederzeit und bei jeder Gelegenheit Mitgefühl zeigen muss: Mitgefühl durch die Angemessenheit seiner Worte, Mitgefühl durch die Richtigkeit seines Verhaltens und Mitgefühl durch die Kürze seines Aufenthalts; alles in dem sicheren Bewusstsein, dass diese Tat ihm die Barmherzigkeit Gottes verleiht, wie unser geliebter Prophet sagte:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Zeigen denen auf der Erde gegenüber Gnade, dann wird der Eine über den Himmeln dir Gnade zeigen.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Und zu den barmherzigsten Taten gehört es, der Sunna<\/em> (eingegebene Handlungsweise) des Propheten Muhammad nachzueifern und die Kranken zu besuchen.  Dies ist so, weil es der sicherste Weg zu Erfolg in diesem und im nächsten Leben ist, zu sagen und zu tun, was er tat, sowohl für den Besucher als auch für den Besuchten.  Zu den vielen prophetischen Überlieferungen, die uns hierzu erreicht haben, gehörte die Erzählung von Aischa, der Frau des Propheten, die berichtete:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Wenn jemand krank wurde, strich der Prophet mit seiner rechten Hand über ihn, während er folgendes Gebet sprach: ‘O Herr der Menschheit!  Nimm das Leiden, bring Genesung, es gibt keine Heilung außer Deine Heilung, die keine Krankheit zurück lässt.’” (Sahieh Al-Bukhari, Sahieh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Und ebenfalls zu dem, was der Prophet sagte, wenn er Kranke besuchte, gehört:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Keine Sorge. Es ist eine Reinigumg und Läuterung, wenn Gott will.” (Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Lasst uns hoffen und beten, dass jedes einzelne Leiden, das wir erfahren, ein Segen der Verhüllung, eine Reinigung und Läuterung sowohl für unsere Körper als auch für unsere Seelen von jeglichen Schäden und Verunreinigungen ist.  Und möge unser Besuch anderer während ihrer Krankheit uns und ihnen Lohn vom Allerhöchsten einbringen.  Und bei Gott suchen wir Zuflucht.    <\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Al-Tirmidhi<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":15920,"lft":2128,"rght":2129,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T01:29:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T21:02:03.000000Z","language_id":7,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":17,"parent_id":1174,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Morals & Ethics","category_slug":"Morals-and-Ethics","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-Visiting the Sick.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-Visiting the Sick.docx"},{"id":1178,"title":"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445","slug":"-djgjgj","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Visiting the Sick.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Visiting the Sick.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:-djgjgj","hint":"","body":"

\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

(\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1 \u0438\u0437 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f?! \u041f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443, \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 (\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430) \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0432\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0443: \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439» (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u041c\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c<\/em>).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u044f\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u044f. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0428\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443… \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0448\u044c (\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430), \u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0439 \u0435\u0433\u043e (\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 «\u0410\u0441-\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043b\u044f\u0439\u043a\u0443\u043c<\/em>»), \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435), \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0434\u0430\u0439 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0447\u0438\u0445\u043d\u0451\u0442 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0430 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0443\u043c\u0440\u0451\u0442, \u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e (\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c)» (\u041c\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c<\/em>).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438: \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0438, \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044c\u0431\u0435.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0445\u0443\u0436\u0435, \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0430, \u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u041d\u0443, \u0430 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043a \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0420\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/strong>» (\u041c\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0421\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442 (\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e) \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0443 \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u0430\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u044b» (\u0410\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0434<\/em>).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043b, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0412 \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442: «\u041e \u0441\u044b\u043d \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u042f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043b, \u0430 \u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b \u041c\u0435\u043d\u044f!» (\u0422\u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u043a \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u041e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f,) \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442: «\u041e \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0439, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u044f (\u043c\u043e\u0433) \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0422\u0435\u0431\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0422\u044b — \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432?!» (\u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445) \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442: «\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0442\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431 \u041c\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043b, \u0430 \u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e? \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0442\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0442\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b, \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0431\u044b \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u041c\u0435\u043d\u044f?» (\u041c\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c<\/em>).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0415\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u041c\u0435\u043a\u043a\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043a \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430. \u041d\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c. \u0423\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430, \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043b\u0430. \u0422\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e \u0438 \u0437\u043b\u043e. \u041e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044c [\u0437\u043b\u043e] \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435, \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0442, \u0441 \u043a\u0435\u043c \u0442\u044b \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0448\u044c, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d, 41:34).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0410 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043a, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043b \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u044e\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043b, \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0451\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e. \u041e\u043d \u0441\u0435\u043b \u0443 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0435\u043c\u0443: «\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 – \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430<\/strong>». \u0422\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0446\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0435\u043c\u0443: «\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0410\u0431\u0443-\u043b\u044c-\u041a\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430 (\u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430)», – \u0438 (\u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u044e\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0430) \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c. \u0410 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f: «\u0425\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0443, \u041a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u041e\u0433\u043d\u044f!<\/strong>» (\u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0418\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043c\u044b \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044c – \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 – \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0441, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, [\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434] \u0421\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043d\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d, 33:21).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2 \u0438\u0437 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\u041d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 (\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430) \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0420\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043e\u043d \u043e\u043a\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u0418 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0430 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430» (\u0422\u0438\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438<\/em>).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435» (\u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445\u0430<\/em>).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435, \u0432\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442: \"\u0414\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u0435, \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0438, \u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0448\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u0430\u044e\"» (\u0422\u0438\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438<\/em>).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u043c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0449\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u0418 \u043d\u0430\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442, \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u043c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u043e\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043e \u041c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044c\u044e…<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041d\u0435\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0422\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0446, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0451\u0440\u0442\u0432\u044b\u0445, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438?!» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d, 75:40).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043c, \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0438\u0445 \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c. \u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435!» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d, 3:122).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0431\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0411\u0443\u0434\u044c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438\u043c, \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f» (\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438<\/em>).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435: \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0443, \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e – \u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d, 2:177).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u041d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0414\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0443\u0433\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0410 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044c\u044e, \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043e\u043d \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435, \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0418\u0431\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0430\u0440\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435 «\u0410\u043b\u044c-\u041a\u0430\u0444\u0438<\/em>»:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f \u043a \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443, \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0442. \u0425\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043c \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439. \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f».<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0414\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438: \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043a \u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435, \u0438 \u043a \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0422\u043e\u0442, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0445».<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0421\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0443 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 – \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439.  \u0421\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0410\u0438\u0448\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0421\u0443\u043d\u043d\u044b \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435\u0442, \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a (\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430) \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0443: \"\u041e \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439! \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044c. \u0414\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0422\u044b – \u0418\u0437\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439! \u041d\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0422\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u0442\u043e\u0439, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438» (\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438, \u041c\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c<\/em>).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435, \u043e\u043d \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f! \u0417\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430» (\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438<\/em>).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0411\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0437\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u044e, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e, \u0438\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u0418 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u0418 \u0443 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u0438\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13599,"lft":2130,"rght":2131,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T01:29:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:06:57.000000Z","language_id":5,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":17,"parent_id":1174,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Morals & Ethics","category_slug":"Morals-and-Ethics","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Visiting the Sick.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Visiting the Sick.docx"},{"id":1179,"title":"\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba","slug":"shfh","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Visiting the Sick.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Visiting the Sick.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:shfh","hint":"","body":"

\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

IslamReligion.com<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\uff081\/2\uff09<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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“<\/strong>\u4fe1\u58eb<\/strong>\u4eec\u5728\u4e92\u76f8\u53cb\u7231\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u601c\u60af\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u540c\u60c5\u65b9\u9762\u72b9\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80a2\u4f53\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u9002\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6574\u4e2a\u8eab\u4f53\u5c31\u4f1a\u96be\u4ee5\u5165\u7720\uff0c\u53d1\u70e7\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5723<\/strong>\u8bad\u96c6\u300b<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7231\u3001\u540c\u60c5\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5e94\u5c65\u884c\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u7a46\u65af\u6797<\/strong>\u5bf9\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5e94\u5c3d\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u6709\u516d\u4ef6\uff1a\u56de\u7b54\u795d\u5b89\u8bcd\uff1b\u54cd\u5e94\u9080\u8bf7\uff1b\u522b\u4eba\u5f81\u8be2\u5fe0\u544a\u65f6\u7ed9\u4e88\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff1b\u795d\u798f\u6253\u55b7\u568f\u8005\uff1b\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\uff1b\u9001\u6ba1\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723<\/strong>\u8bad\u96c6\u300b<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u9f13\u52b1\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5173\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e16\u65f6\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5065\u5eb7\u65f6\u3001\u751f\u75c5\u65f6\u3001\u5f52\u771f\u65f6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u5728\u4ed6\u751f\u75c5\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u56e0\u611f\u5192\u6216\u8fc7\u654f\u800c\u6253\u4e86\u55b7\u568f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u5e94\u7948\u6c42\u5b89\u62c9\u964d\u6069\u4e8e\u4ed6\u800c\u8bf4\uff1a“\u613f\u5b89\u62c9\u601c\u60af\u4f60”\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u75c5\u60c5\u8f83\u91cd\u6216\u56e0\u75c5\u4e27\u5931\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u5e94\u5e38\u53bb\u63a2\u671b\u4ed6\uff0c\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4e00\u70b9\u5b89\u6170\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u591a\u6b21\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u8005\u5c06\u5f97\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u62a5\u916c\u3002\u4f7f\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u51fa\u53bb\u63a2\u671b\u4ed6\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5f1f\u5144\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31<\/strong>\u5904\u5728\u4e50\u56ed\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u56de\u5bb6\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u7a46\u65af\u91cc\u5723<\/strong>\u8bad\u96c6\u300b<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u53c8\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u6b65\u884c\u7740\u53bb\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u6b65\u5165\u4e86\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u601c<\/strong>\u60af\u5f53\u4e2d\uff1b\u5f53\u4ed6\u4e0e\u75c5\u4eba\u5750\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u65f6\u4faf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u6c90\u6d74\u5728\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u6069\u60e0\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u63a2\u8bbf\u8005\u56de\u5bb6\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u827e\u54c8<\/strong>\u8fc8\u5fb7\u5723\u8bad<\/strong>\u96c6\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4f0a\u672c\u7f55\u73ed\u5723<\/strong>\u8bad\u96c6\u300b<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5b89\u62c9\u53c8\u4eb2\u81ea\u8bf4\u660e\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u53ef\u8d35\u4e0e\u62a5\u916c\u4e4b\u5de8\u5927\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u5728\u590d\u6d3b\u65e5<\/strong>\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u8bf4\uff1a<\/strong>‘<\/strong>\u963f\u4e39\u7684\u5b50<\/strong>\u5b59\u554a\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u75c5\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5e76\u672a\u63a2\u8bbf\u6211\u3002<\/strong>’<\/strong>\u4eba<\/strong>\u4eec\u56de\u7b54\uff1a<\/strong>‘<\/strong>\u6211\u7684\u517b\u80b2\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u4f7f\u4e07\u7269\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\uff0c\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u6765\u63a2<\/strong>\u8bbf\u4f60\uff1f<\/strong>’<\/strong>\u5b89\u62c9<\/strong>\u8bf4\uff1a<\/strong>‘<\/strong>\u96be\u9053\u4f60\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u7684\u67d0\u67d0\u4ec6\u4eba\u75c5\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u53bb\u63a2\u671b\u4ed6\uff1f\u96be\u9053\u4f60\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5417\uff1f\u4f60\u63a2\u671b\u4ed6\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u5b9a\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u540c\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/strong>’”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5723<\/strong>\u8bad\u96c6\u300b<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9ad8\u5c1a\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8d23\u4efb\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6977\u6a21\u3002\u5728\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u65b9\u9762\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6811\u7acb\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u699c\u6837\u3002\u4ed6\u603b\u662f\u62bd\u65f6\u95f4\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e38\u5411\u4eba\u4eec\u6253\u542c\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u9ea6\u52a0\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4f7f\u8005\u6bcf\u6b21\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4f4d\u591a\u795e\u6559\u5987\u5973\u7684\u5bb6\u95e8\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4f4d\u5987\u5973\u5c31\u628a\u810f\u4e1c\u897f\u6254\u5411\u4f7f\u8005\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4f7f\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u89c1\u90a3\u4f4d\u5e38\u5e38\u6254\u810f\u7269\u7684\u5987\u5973\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8be2\u95ee\u5979\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5f53\u5f97\u77e5\u5979\u751f\u75c5\u4e86\u65f6\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u53bb\u63a2\u671b\u5979\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5987\u5973\u6df1\u4e3a\u611f\u52a8\uff0c\u5c31\u6b64\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u5584<\/strong>\u6076\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u6700\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u54c1\u884c\u53bb\u5bf9\u4ed8\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u54c1\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u672b\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f60\u76f8\u4ec7\u8005\uff0c\u5ffd\u7136\u95f4\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u4eb2\u5982\u5bc6\u53cb\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>41<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>34<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u535a\u5b66\u7684\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u827e\u4e43\u65af\u4f20\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a“<\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u5c11\u5e74\u4f8d\u5949\u4f7f\u8005\uff0c\u5c11\u5e74\u75c5<\/strong>\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u8005\u53bb\u63a2\u671b\u4ed6\u3002\u4f7f\u8005\u5750\u5728\u4ed6\u8eab\u8fb9\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a<\/strong>‘<\/strong>\u4f60<\/strong>\u8bf4\u4e07\u7269\u975e\u4e3b\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u5b89\u62c9\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u590d\u751f\u65e5\u6211\u642d\u6551\u4f60<\/strong>’<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c11\u5e74\u770b\u7740\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u65c1\u7684\u7236<\/strong>\u4eb2\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u8bf4\uff1a<\/strong>‘<\/strong>\u4f60\u542c\u4ece\u827e\u535c\u560e\u8f9b\uff08\u4f7f\u8005\uff09\u7684<\/strong>\u8bdd\u5427<\/strong>’<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5c11\u5e74<\/strong>\u8bf4\uff1a<\/strong>‘<\/strong>\u4e07\u7269\u975e\u4e3b\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u5b89\u62c9\uff0c\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u662f\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u3002<\/strong>’<\/strong>\u4f7f\u8005\u51fa\u6765<\/strong>\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/strong>‘<\/strong>\u611f<\/strong>\u8c22\u5b89\u62c9\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u4ece\u706b\u5751\u91cc\u6551\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/strong>’”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u4f0a\u672c\u7f55\u73ed\u5723<\/strong>\u8bad\u96c6\u300b<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u5217\u4e3e\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff1a\u6240\u63a2\u671b\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u975e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4f7f\u8005\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u6548\u6cd5\u3002\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u63a2\u671b\u80fd\u4f7f\u75c5\u4eba\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5144\u5f1f\u822c\u7684\u6e29\u60c5\uff0c\u80fd\u6253\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u533b\u6cbb\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u75be\u75c5——\u6000\u7591\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u5e0c\u671b\u5b89\u62c9\u548c\u672b\u65e5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u591a\u591a<\/strong>\u8bb0\u5ff5\u5b89\u62c9\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u6709\u4f7f\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u4f18\u826f\u6a21\u8303\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>33<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>21<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\uff082\/2\uff09<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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“<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u51fa\u53bb\u63a2\u671b\u751f\u75c5\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4<\/strong>\u5904\u5728\u4e50\u56ed\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u5750\u5728\u75c5\u4eba\u8eab\u8fb9\uff1b\u5f53\u4ed6\u540c\u75c5\u4eba\u5750\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fe9\u90fd\u6c90\u6d74\u5728\u5b89\u62c9\u5728\u6069\u60e0\u5f53\u4e2d\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5728\u65e9\u6668\u53bb\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u4e03\u4e07\u4e2a\u5929\u4f7f\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7948\u798f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5929\u9ed1\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5728\u665a\u4e0a\u53bb\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u4e03\u4e07\u4e2a\u5929\u4f7f\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7948\u798f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5929\u4eae\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a<\/strong>\u94c1\u7c73\u6d4e\u5723\u8bad\u96c6\u300b<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4f7f\u8005\u53c8\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u51e1\u662f\u51fa\u53bb\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u6069\u5178\u4e00\u76f4\u966a\u4f34\u7740\u4ed6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u5750\u4e0b\uff1b\u5f53\u4ed6\u4e0e\u75c5\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u5750\u4e0b<\/strong>\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6c90\u6d74\u5728\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u6069\u5178\u4e2d\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u5065\u5168\u5723<\/strong>\u8bad\u5927\u5168\u300b<\/strong>Silsilah Al-Saheehah<\/em><\/strong>\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4f7f\u8005\u53c8\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u51e1\u662f\u51fa\u53bb\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u58f0\u97f3<\/strong>\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u613f<\/strong>\u4f60\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u613f\u798f\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4f60\uff0c\u613f\u4f60\u5728<\/strong>\u4e50\u56ed\u6709\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\uff08\u300a<\/strong>\u94c1\u7c73\u6d4e\u5723\u8bad\u96c6\u300b\uff09<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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“<\/strong>\u96be\u9053\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u9020\u5316\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u6b7b\u4eba\u590d\u6d3b\u5417\uff1f<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf<\/strong>\u300b<\/strong>75<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>40<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“……<\/strong>\u4fe1\u58eb<\/strong>\u4eec\u53ea\u4fe1\u6258\u5b89\u62c9\u5427\uff01<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>3<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>122<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u63a2\u671b\u8005\u9664\u4e86\u8bbe\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u75c5\u4eba\u5fd8\u8bb0\u75c5\u75db\u3001\u4e0d\u5e78\u548c\u8270\u96be\u4e4b\u5916——\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e5f\u7f62\uff0c\u63a2\u671b\u8005\u8fd8\u5e94\u9f13\u52b1\u8d77\u75c5\u4eba\u6811\u7acb\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3001\u6253\u8d77\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u5f3a\u5316\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u963f\u5e03\u90fd\u62c9·\u672c·\u963f\u5df4\u65af\u662f\u4f7f\u8005\u7684\u5802\u5f1f\u4e0e\u5f1f\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f20\u8ff0\u8bf4\uff1a\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u6bcf\u5f53\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u65f6\u5c31\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4f60\u5fcd\u8010\u5427\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u6216<\/strong>\u8bb8\u4f7f\u4f60\u75ca\u6108\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723<\/strong>\u8bad\u96c6<\/strong> <\/strong>\u300b\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u63a2\u671b\u8005\u5e94\u5229\u7528\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u63d0\u9192\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u63d0\u9192\u75c5\u4eba\u8981\u7edd\u5bf9\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b89\u62c9\u3001\u6258\u9760\u5b89\u62c9\uff0c\u5b81\u613f\u4eca\u4e16\u53d7\u70b9\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u540e\u4e16\u5c11\u53d7\u78e8\u96be\u3002\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bb8\u8bfa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u62a5\u507f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u4eca\u4e16\u5fcd\u53d7\u75c5\u75db\u7684\u4eba\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u6b63<\/strong>\u4e49\u662f\u4fe1\u5b89\u62c9<\/strong>……<\/strong>\u5fcd\u53d7<\/strong>\u7a77\u56f0\u3001\u60a3\u96be\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u786e\u662f\u5fe0\u8d1e\u7684\uff1b\u8fd9\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u786e\u662f\u656c\u754f<\/strong>\u7684\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>2<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>177<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f97\u4f53\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u529d\u544a\u6027\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u63a2\u671b\u8005\u9762\u5bf9\u75c5\u75db\u4e2d\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8981\u6709\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u8981\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u89e6\u53ca\u654f\u611f\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\u4e00\u65e6\u4f7f\u75c5\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u75db\u82e6\u6216\u4e0d\u60a6\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u75c5\u4eba\u75c5\u60c5\u7684\u6076\u5316\u3002\u75c5\u4eba\u56e0\u75c5\u75db\u4e27\u5931\u751f\u6d3b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e0d\u53d7\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5927\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4f0a\u739b\u76ee\u4f0a\u672c·\u963f\u5e03\u90fd·\u5df4\u52d2\u5728\u5176\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6cd5\u5b66\u540d\u8457\u300a\u5361\u8d39\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u63a2\u671b\u7684\u662f\u75c5\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u5065\u5eb7\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5750\u5728\u4ed6\u8ba9\u4f60\u5750\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u6837\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5bb6\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u3002\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u53ef\u5609\u7684\u5723\u884c\u3002\u6700\u597d\u7684\u63a2\u671b\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u63a2\u671b\uff0c\u63a2\u8bbf\u8005\u4e0d\u5b9c\u548c\u75c5\u4eba\u8bf4\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9c\u5728\u75c5\u4eba\u8ddf\u524d\u5446\u5f97\u8fc7\u4e45\u3002\u9664\u975e\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5f88\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u75c5\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e50\u610f\u548c\u4ed6\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u81f3\u4e8e\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e45\u65f6\u8fb0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63a2\u671b\u8005\u5177\u6709\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u89c1\u5230\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u63a2\u671b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u7531\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u75c5\u4eba\u5446\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u91cd\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6253\u6270\u75c5\u4eba\u4f11\u517b\u3002\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u5b66\u8005\u963f\u5e03\u90fd·\u6cd5\u5854\u8d6b\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u8c08\u53ca\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u793c\u8282\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a“\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u5e94\u957f\u4e8e\u805a\u793c\u65e5\u4e24\u4e2a\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c0f\u61a9\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u63a2\u671b\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8bf4\u795d\u5b89\u8bcd\u3001\u8868\u8fbe\u5173\u5207\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\u3001\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u795d\u613f\u3001\u8be2\u95ee\u75c5\u4eba\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u75c5\u60c5\u3001\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u5eb7\u590d\u505a\u7948\u7977\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u8bf4\u544a\u522b\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u9a6c\u4e0a\u79bb\u5f00\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a2\u671b\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u662f\u8981\u5411\u75c5\u4eba\u8868\u8fbe\u5173\u5fc3\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7528\u8bed\u8981\u6070\u5f53\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5728\u75c5\u4eba\u8eab\u8fb9\u77ed\u6682\u505c\u7559\u4e5f\u662f\u5173\u5207\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5173\u5207\u4e4b\u610f\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5411\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u793a\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u6148\u6069\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4f7f\u8005\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4f60<\/strong>\u4eec\u5e94\u5411\u4e07\u7269\u663e\u793a\u4ec1\u6148\uff0c\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u5c06\u4f1a\u5411\u4f60\u4eec\u663e\u793a\u793a\u4ed6\u7684\u4ec1\u6148\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7528\u884c\u52a8\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u5207\u5c31\u8981\u6a21\u4eff\u4f7f\u8005\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6548\u6cd5\u4f7f\u8005\u7684\u8a00\u884c\u662f\u8d70\u5411\u4e24\u4e16\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u63a2\u671b\u8005\u548c\u88ab\u63a2\u671b\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u5723\u59bb\u963f\u4f9d\u838e\u7684\u4f20\u8ff0\uff0c\u5979\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u67d0\u4eba\u751f\u75c5\u4e86\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u7528\u53f3\u624b\u629a\u6478\u4ed6\u5e76\u505a\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u7948\u7977\uff1a‘<\/strong>\u4eba<\/strong>\u7c7b\u7684\u517b\u80b2\u4e3b\u554a\uff01\u6c42\u4f60\u62ff\u53bb\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u75c5\u75db\uff0c\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4f60\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u624d\u662f\u6cbb\u7597\u3002<\/strong>’”\uff08\u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u96c6\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5723\u8bad\u96c6\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4f7f\u8005\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u65f6\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4e0d\u8981<\/strong>\u5fe7\u6101\uff0c\u82e5\u5b89\u62c9\u610f\u6b32\uff0c\u4f1a\u597d\u8d77\u6765\u7684<\/strong>”<\/strong>\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723<\/strong>\u8bad\u96c6\u300b<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5145\u6ee1\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u7948\u6c42\u5b89\u62c9\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u514d\u906d\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7948\u7977\u4f1a\u7eaf\u6d01\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u3001\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u514d\u906d\u5404\u79cd\u4f24\u5bb3\u4e0e\u4e0d\u6d01\u3002\u4f46\u613f\u5b89\u62c9\u62a5\u507f\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u662f\u4e07\u7269\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5f52\u5bbf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":14653,"lft":2132,"rght":2133,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-17T01:29:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:09:05.000000Z","language_id":18,"user_id":7,"author_id":2137,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":17,"parent_id":1174,"author_name":"Abd Al-Rahman Mahdi","category_name":"Morals & Ethics","category_slug":"Morals-and-Ethics","get_date":"2014-08-17","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Visiting the Sick.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Visiting the Sick.docx"}],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/lat\/api\/authors\/2137?articles_page=1","from":1,"last_page":3,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/lat\/api\/authors\/2137?articles_page=3","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/lat\/api\/authors\/2137?articles_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/lat\/api\/authors\/2137?articles_page=2","label":"2","page":2,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/lat\/api\/authors\/2137?articles_page=3","label":"3","page":3,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/lat\/api\/authors\/2137?articles_page=2","label":"Next »","page":2,"active":false}],"next_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/lat\/api\/authors\/2137?articles_page=2","path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/lat\/api\/authors\/2137","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":25,"total":63},"fatawas":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/lat\/api\/authors\/2137?fatawas_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/lat\/api\/authors\/2137?fatawas_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/lat\/api\/authors\/2137?fatawas_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/lat\/api\/authors\/2137","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"books_total":8,"videos_total":0,"audios_total":0,"fatawas_total":0,"articles_total":63,"q":"","count":71}

 (parte 1 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

www.Quran.nu, (editado por IslamReligion.com)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Deus disse: Que foi que te impediu de prostrar-te, embora to tivéssemos ordenado? Respondeu: Sou superior a ele; a mim criaste do fogo, e a ele do barro.”<\/strong> <\/strong>(Alcorão 7:12)<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Assim começa a história de racismo.  Satanás se considerou superior a Adão por causa de sua origem.  Desde aquele dia Satanás tem desencaminhado muitos descendentes de Adão para que também acreditem que são superiores a outros, fazendo com que persigam e explorem seus semelhantes.  Com muita frequência a religião é usada para justificar o racismo.  O Judaísmo, por exemplo, apesar de suas origens no Oriente Médio, passa facilmente como uma religião ocidental; mas a entrada de judeus em todos os níveis da sociedade ocidental de fato trai a realidade elitista do Judaísmo.  Uma leitura piedosa do verso bíblico:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Não existe nenhum Deus em todo o mundo, exceto em Israel.” (2 Reis 5:15)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

... sugere que naqueles dias Deus não era adorado, exceto pelos israelitas.  Entretanto, o Judaísmo hoje se mantém centrado em sua ostentação de superioridade racial “escolhida”.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Dize: Ó judeus, se pretendeis ser os favorecidos de Deus, em detrimento dos demais humanos, desejai, então, a morte, se estais certos!” (Alcorão 62:6)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

De modo inverso, embora a maioria dos cristãos seja esmagadoramente de não-judeus, Jesus, como o último dos profetas israelitas, foi enviado apenas para os judeus.[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“E quando Jesus, filho de Maria, disse:         <\/strong> <\/strong>‘Ó Filhos de Israel!<\/strong> <\/strong>Em verdade, sou o mensageiro de Deus, enviado a vós, corroborante de tudo quanto a Tora antecipou no tocante às predições, e alvissareiro de um Mensageiro que virá depois de mim, cujo nome será Ahmad[2]<\/a>!” (Alcorão 61:6)<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

E, da mesma forma, todo profeta foi enviado exclusivamente para seu próprio povo[3]<\/a>. Todo profeta, exceto Muhammad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Dize (Ó Muhammad):<\/strong> <\/strong>“Ó humanos!<\/strong> <\/strong> Sou o Mensageiro de Deus enviado para toda a humanidade”  (Alcorão 7:158)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Como Muhammad foi o Profeta e Mensageiro final de Deus sua missão foi universal, pretendida não só para sua própria nação, os árabes, mas para todos os povos do mundo.  O Profeta disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Todos os outros profetas foram enviados exclusivamente para suas nações, enquanto que eu fui enviado para toda a humanidade.” (Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“E não te enviamos, senão como universal (Mensageiro), alvissareiro e admoestador para os humanos; porém, a maioria dos humanos o ignora.” (Alcorão 34:29)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (part 1 of 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

www.Quran.nu, (\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e IslamReligion.com)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435:<\/strong> <\/strong>“ \u041e\u043d<\/strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a> <\/strong> \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: «\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435[2]<\/a><\/strong> <\/strong>\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0446, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u042f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435?» \u041e\u043d \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: «\u042f \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e[3]<\/a><\/strong>. \u0422\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u044f, \u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e – \u0438\u0437 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b». ” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 7:12)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430. \u0421\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0427\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0421 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440, \u0421\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0432 \u0438\u043c \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u043a \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445. \u041e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043c. \u041a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0418\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u0437\u043c, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f. \u041d\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430: “… \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443 \u0418\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u044f…”<\/strong>[4]<\/a>,<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0442\u043e <\/strong>\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0418\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0418\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438: «\u041e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u0437\u043c! \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u044b \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0443».” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 62:6)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c «\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0418\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0443».[5]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u0410 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0418\u0441\u0430 (\u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441), \u0441\u044b\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0440\u044c\u044f\u043c (\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438), \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: «\u041e \u0441\u044b\u043d\u044b \u0418\u0441\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 (\u0418\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u044f)! \u042f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043a \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0422\u0430\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435 (\u0422\u043e\u0440\u0435) \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f, \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f, \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0434[6]<\/a>». \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441 \u044f\u0441\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438: «\u042d\u0442\u043e – \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e»’” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 61:6)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443[7]<\/a>, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438: «\u041e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438! \u042f – \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0430\u043c...»” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 7:158)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 - \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439. \u041e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443.” (\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u041c\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e...” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 34:28)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(teil 1 von 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

“Er (Gott) sprach: \"Was hinderte dich (o Satan) daran, dich niederzuwerfen, nachdem Ich es dir befohlen habe?\"  Er (Satan) sagte: \"Ich bin besser als er (Adam).  Du hast mich aus Feuer erschaffen, ihn aber erschufst du aus Lehm!” (Quran 7:12)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

So beginnt die Geschichte des Rassismus.  Satan betrachtete sich selbst aufgrund seines Ursprungs als Adam überlegen.  Von jenem Tag an hat Satan viele Nachkommen Adams irregeführt, er ließ sie ebenfalls denken, sie seien anderen überlegen, verfolgten diese und nutzten ihre Mitmenschen aus.  Ziemlich häufig wurde die Religion benutzt, um den Rassismus zu rechtfertigen.  Das Judentum zm Beispiel, ungeachtet seiner mittel-östlichen Ursprünge, wird bereitwillig als westliche Religion angenommen; aber der Einzug der Juden in alle Schichten der westlichen Gesellschaft gibt die elitäre Realität des Judentums preis.  Ein Frommer, der den Bibelvers liest:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Siehe, nun weiß ich, dass kein Gott ist in allen Landen, außer in Israel.” (2 Könige 5:15)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…würde vermuten, dass Gott in jenen Tagen nur von den Israeliten angebetet wurde.  Das Judentum heute konzentriert sich aber immer noch auf ihren Stolz, das ´auserwählte´ Volk, die überlegene Rasse, zu sein.   <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Sprich: \"O ihr, die ihr Juden seid, wenn ihr meint, ihr seid die Schutzbefohlenen Gottes unter Ausschluss der anderen Menschen, dann wünscht euch den Tod, wenn ihr wahrhaftig seid.” (Quran 62:6)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Im Gegensatz dazu, während die überwältigende Mehrheit der Christen nicht-Juden sind, war der letzte der israelitischen Propheten zu niemand anderen als den Juden gesandt worden.[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und da sagte Jesus, der Sohn der Maria: \"O ihr Kinder Israels, ich bin Gottes Gesandter bei euch, der Bestätiger dessen, was von der Thora vor mir da war, und Bringer der frohen Botschaft eines Gesandten, der nach mir kommen wird.  Sein Name wird Ahmad sein.[2]<\/a><\/strong>...’” <\/strong>(Quran 61:6)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Genau wie jeder Prophet ausschließlich zu seinem eigenen Volk gesandt worden war[3]<\/a>, jeder Prophet, außer Muhammad. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Sprich (o Muhammad): \"O ihr Menschen, ich bin für euch alle ein Gesandter Gottes...’” (Quran 7:158)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Da Muhammad Gottes letzter Prophet und Gesandter war, war seine Botschaft universal und nicht nur für sein eigenes Volk – die Araber -  bestimmt, sondern für alle Völker der Welt.  Der Prophet sagte: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Jeder Prophet ist ausschliesslich zu seinem Volk gesandt worden, während ich für die gesamte Menschheit geschickt worden bin.” (Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und Wir haben dich nur als Bringer froher Botschaft und Warner für alle Menschen entsandt; jedoch die meisten Menschen wissen es nicht.” (Quran 34:28)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(partie 1 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 \"\"<\/p>\r\n

www.Quran.nu, (édité par IslamReligion.com)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« (Dieu) dit : « Qu’est-ce qui t’a empêché de te prosterner quand Je te l’ai ordonné? »  (Iblis) répondit : « Je suis meilleur que lui.  Tu m’as créé de feu, tandis que Tu l’as créé d’argile. »  (Coran 7:12)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

C’est ainsi que débuta l’histoire du racisme.  Iblis (le diable) se crut supérieur à Adam à cause de son origine différente.  Depuis ce jour, Iblis a fourvoyé de nombreux descendants d’Adam, les amenant à se croire supérieurs aux autres, puis à se persécuter et à s’exploiter les uns les autres.  Au cours de l’histoire, la religion a souvent été utilisée pour justifier le racisme.  Le judaïsme, par exemple, en dépit de ses origines moyen-orientales, se fait facilement passer pour une religion occidentale.  Une lecture pieuse du verset biblique suivant :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« ... il n'y a pas d'autre Dieu sur toute la terre que celui d'Israël. »<\/strong> <\/strong>(2 Rois 5:15)<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

... consisterait à avancer qu’à l’époque, Dieu n’était adoré que des Israélites.  Pourtant, le judaïsme demeure, aujourd’hui encore, centré sur une prétendue supériorité raciale du peuple « élu ».<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Dis, (ô Mohammed) : « Ô vous les juifs!  Puisque vous prétendez être favorisés par Dieu au détriment de (tous les autres) peuples, alors souhaitez donc la mort [immédiate], si vous dites la vérité. » (Coran 62:6)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Inversement, tandis que la vaste majorité des chrétiens ne sont pas de race juive, Jésus, en tant que dernier prophète israélite, ne fut envoyé qu’aux juifs.[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Et quand Jésus, fils de Marie, dit : « Ô enfants d’Israël!  Je suis vraiment le messager de Dieu, qui vous est [envoyé] pour confirmer ce qui a été (révélé), avant ma venue, dans la Torah, et pour vous annoncer la bonne nouvelle d’un messager qui viendra après moi et dont le nom sera « Ahmed ».  (Coran 61:6)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

De même, chaque prophète fut envoyé exclusivement à son peuple,[2]<\/a> à l’exception du dernier d’entre eux, Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Dis, (ô Mohammed) : « Ô hommes!  Certes, je suis pour vous tous le messager de Dieu... » (Coran 7:158)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Comme Mohammed était le dernier des prophètes et messagers de Dieu, sa mission était universelle; elle ne visait pas que son peuple, c’est-à-dire les Arabes, mais tous les peuples de la terre.  Le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Chacun des prophètes qui m’ont précédé ne fut envoyé qu’à sa nation, tandis que moi, j’ai été envoyé à toute l’humanité. » (sahih al-Boukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Et Nous ne t’avons envoyé à l’humanité, (ô Mohammed), que pour annoncer la bonne nouvelle et avertir.  Mais la plupart des gens ne savent pas. » (Coran 34:28)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (parte 1 de 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"
<\/span><\/p>\r\n

www.Quran.nu (editado por IslamReligion.com)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Dios le preguntó: ¿Qué te impidió hacer la reverencia cuando te lo ordené? Respondió: Yo soy mejor que él, pues a mí me creaste de fuego y a él de barro”. (Corán 7:12)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Así empieza la historia del racismo.  Satanás se consideró a sí mismo superior a Adán con base en sus orígenes. Desde ese día, Satanás ha engañado a muchos de los descendientes de Adán llevándolos también a creerse  superiores a otros, causando que persigan y exploten a sus congéneres. Con mucha frecuencia, la religión ha sido usada para justificar el racismo. El judaísmo, por ejemplo, a pesar de sus orígenes en el Oriente Medio, es fácilmente confundido como una religión occidental; pero la entrada de los judíos a todos los niveles de la sociedad occidental, de hecho, traiciona la realidad elitista del judaísmo. Una lectura piadosa del siguiente verso de la Biblia:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“… no hay Dios en todo el mundo, sino sólo en Israel”. (2 Reyes 5:15)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

…sugeriría que en aquellos días Dios no era adorado sino por los israelitas. Sin embargo, el judaísmo hoy permanece centrado alrededor de su jactancia de superioridad racial, de ser los “escogidos”.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “Diles: ¡Oh, judíos! Si realmente son los elegidos de Allah, y las otras personas no lo son, como pretenden…’” (Corán 62:6)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Paradójicamente, la gran mayoría de los cristianos no son judíos; mientras que Jesús, como el último de los profetas israelitas, no fue enviado a nadie más que a los judíos.[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Y cuando Jesús, hijo de María, dijo: ¡Oh, hijos de Israel! Yo soy el Mensajero de Allah, enviado a vosotros para corroborar la Tora y anunciar a un Mensajero que vendrá después de mí, llamado Ahmad[2]<\/a>...” (Corán 61:6)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Y de la misma forma, cada Profeta fue enviado exclusivamente a su propio pueblo[3]<\/a>, excepto Muhammad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Aquellos que siguen al Mensajero y Profeta iletrado [Muhammad], quien se encontraba mencionado en la Tora y el Evangelio, que les ordena el bien y les prohíbe el mal, les permite todo lo beneficioso y sólo les prohíbe lo perjudicial, y les abroga los preceptos difíciles que pesaban sobre ellos [la Gente del Libro]; y quienes crean en él, lo secunden, defiendan y sigan la luz que le ha sido revelada [el Corán] serán quienes tengan éxito…’” (Corán 7:158)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dado que Muhammad fue el Profeta y Mensajero final de Dios, su misión fue universal, dirigida no sólo a su propia nación, los árabes, sino para todos los pueblos del mundo. El Profeta dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Todo Profeta anterior fue enviado a su nación exclusivamente, mientras que yo he sido enviado a toda la humanidad”. (Sahih Al- Bujari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Y no te enviamos [¡Oh, Muhammad!] sino como albriciador y amonestador para todos los hombres”. (Corán 34:28)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n