{"title":"www.missionislam.com","author":{"id":2153,"name":"www.missionislam.com","slug":"www_missionislam_com","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":"","promote":0,"status":1,"created_at":"2014-08-06T08:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2014-08-06T08:00:00.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"www.missionislam.com"},"books":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153?books_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153?books_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153?books_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"videos":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153?videos_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153?videos_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153?videos_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"audios":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153?audios_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153?audios_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153?audios_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"articles":{"current_page":1,"data":[{"id":683,"title":"The World of the Jinn","slug":"the-world-of-the-jinn","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-The World of the Jinn.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-The World of the Jinn.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:the-world-of-the-jinn","hint":"","body":"

The World of the Jinn<\/strong><\/strong><\/span>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

(part 1 of 2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Throughout history man has always had a deep attraction for the supernatural and the unseen.  The existence of a world parallel to our own has always fascinated people.  This world is commonly referred to as the spirit world, and almost every set of people have some concept of one.  With some people, these spirits are no more then the souls of dead people- or ghosts.  With others, spirits are either the forces of good or the forces of evil - both battling against one another to gain influence over humanity.  However, both of these explanations are more in tune with folk tales and fantasy.  The true explanation of such a world comes from Islam.  Like every other way, Islam also claims to explain this realm of the unseen.  It is from this realm that Islam explains to us about the world of the Jinn.  The Islamic explanation of the Jinn provides us with so many answers to modem day mysteries.  Without the knowledge of this world, the Muslims would become like the non-Muslims and be running around looking for any old answer to come their way.  So, who or what are the Jinn?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Existence<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

The Jinn are beings created with free will, living on earth in a world parallel to mankind.  The Arabic word Jinn is from the verb ‘Janna’ which means to hide or conceal.  Thus, they are physically invisible from man as their description suggests.  This invisibility is one of the reasons why some people have denied their existence.  However, (as will be seen) the affect which the world of the Jinn has upon our world, is enough to refute this modern denial of one of God’s creation.  The origins of the Jinn can be traced from the Quran and the Sunnah.  God says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Indeed We created man from dried clay of black smooth mud.  And We created the Jinn before that from the smokeless flame of fire” (Quran 15:26-27)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Thus the Jinn were created before man.  As for their physical origin, then the Prophet, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, has confirmed the above verse when he said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“The Angels were created from light and the Jinn from smokeless fire.” (Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

It is this description of the Jinn which tells us so much about them.  Because they were created from fire, their nature has generally been fiery and thus their relationship with man has been built upon this.  Like humans, they too are required to worship God and follow Islam.  Their purpose in life is exactly the same as ours, as God says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“I did not create the Jinn and mankind except to worship Me.” (Quran 51:56)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Jinns can thus be Muslims or non-Muslims.  However, due to their fiery nature the majority of them are non-Muslims.  All these non-Muslim Jinns form a part of the army of the most famous Jinn, Satan[1]<\/a>.  Consequently, these disbelieving Jinns are also called devils.  Jinns also become Muslims, as they did in the time of the Prophet when a group of them were amazed by the recitation of the Quran.  God orders the Prophet to tell the people of this event:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Say (O’ Muhammed): It has been revealed to me that a group of Jinn listened and said; ‘Indeed we have heard a marvelous Quran.  It guides unto righteousness so we have believed in it, and we will never make partners with our lord’.”(Quran 72:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

In many aspects of their world, the Jinn are very similar to us.  They eat and drink, they marry, have children and they die.  The life span however, is far greater then ours.  Like us, they will also be subject to a Final Reckoning by God the Most High.  They will be present with mankind on the Day of Judgment and will either go to Paradise or Hell.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Abilities<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

That which clearly distinguishes the Jinn from mankind, are their powers and abilities.  God has given them these powers as a test for them.  If they oppress others with them, then they will be held accountable.  By knowing of their powers, we can often make sense of much of the mysteries which go on around us.  One of the powers of the Jinn, is that they are able to take on any physical form they like.  Thus, they can appear as humans, animals trees and anything else.  Thousands of people have sighted strange looking creatures all over the world - and it seems more plausible all the sightings of such creatures may have been Jinns parading in different forms.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The ability to possess and take over the minds and bodies of other creatures is also a power which the Jinn have utilized greatly over the centuries.  This however, is something which has been prohibited to them as it is a great oppression to possess another being.  Human possession is something which has always brought about great attention.  But the true knowledge of this subject is rare.  Over the last 3 decades the subject of possession has become very commercialized.  During the 70’s, films such as The Exorcist and Rosemary’s Baby were used to educate people about possession.  However, because such institutions (the film industry) were heavily influenced by Christianity, knowledge of the subject was non-existent.  Rather then educate people about Jinn possession, films such as The Exorcist just tended to scare the living daylights out of us!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 Only through Islam can we understand such a phenomena.  We know as Muslims, that Jinns possess people for many reasons.  Sometimes it is because the Jinn or its family has been hurt accidentally.  It could be because the Jinn has fallen in love with the person.  However, most of the time possession occurs because the Jinn is simply malicious and wicked.  For this reason we have been commanded to recite the Quran frequently in our houses as the Prophet said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Indeed, Satan flees from the house in which Surah Al-Baqarah (the 2nd chapter of the Quran) is recited.” (Al-Tirmidhi<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

If a person does become possessed, then the name of God has to be used in expelling the Jinn.  If we look at the practice of the Prophet and his companions, we find many invocations to exorcise the Jinn.  All of them invoke God to help the possessed person.  How contrary this is to many modern-day exorcists.  Many exorcists, often invoke the names of others besides God to exorcise the Jinn.  When the Jinn does leave, these people believe that their way was successful.  However, this is a ploy of the Jinn, as it knows that if it obeys the exorcist, then it has succeeded in making him worship others besides God.  The Jinn often returns when the exorcist leaves, as it knows that nothing except the words of God can stop it from oppressing others.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

It is not only humans which are possessed, but also animals, trees and other objects.  By doing this, the evil Jinn hope to make people worship others besides God.  The possession of idols is one way to do this.  Not so long ago the world-wide phenomenon of Hindu idols drinking milk, shocked the world.  From Bombay to London, Delhi to California, countless idols were lapping up milk.  Ganesh the elephant god, Hanuman the monkey god and even Shiva lingam, the male private organ (!), all seemed to guzzle down the milk as if there was no tomorrow! Unfortunately people were taken in by this and many flocked to feed the Hindu gods.  This feat was undoubtedly done by the Jinn as a classic attempt to make people worship false gods.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Unlike Christianity, Islam maintains that Satan (Lucifer) was from the Jinn and not an angel.  Angels do not have a free will to disobey.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

(part 2 of 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Occult Activities of the Jinn<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Through their powers of flying and invisibility, the Jinn are the chief component in occult activities.  Voodoo, Black magic, Poltergeists, Witchcraft and Mediums can all be explained through the world of the Jinn.  Likewise, so can the illusions and feats of magicians.  Because the Jinn can traverse huge distances over a matter of seconds, their value to magicians is great.  In return for helping them in their magic, the Jinns often ask the magicians to worship them and Satan.  Thus the magicians take the Jinn and Satan as lords besides God.  In our day, some of the feats performed by magicians and entertainers are without doubt from the assistance of the Jinn.  Making the Statue of Liberty disappear, flying across the Grand Canyon and retrieving a ship from the Bermuda Triangle, have all been done by the Jewish magician David Copperfield.  There is NO way that a man could do such things without the assistance of the Jinn.  It would not be surprising therefore, if David Copperfield had sold his soul to Satan himself.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

One of the most frequent activities associated with the Jinn, is fortune telling.  Before the advent of the Prophet Muhammad, fortune-tellers and soothsayers were wide spread.  These people would use their associates from the Jinn to find out about the future.  The Jinns would go to the lowest heaven and listen to the Angels conversing amongst themselves about events of the Future which they heard from God.  The Jinns would then inform the fortune-tellers.  This is why before the time of the Prophet many fortune-tellers were very accurate in their predictions.  However, upon the Prophet’s arrival the heavens were guarded intensely by the Angels, and any Jinn who tried to listen was attacked by meteors (shooting stars):<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And We have guarded it (the heavens) from every accursed devil, except one who is able to snatch a hearing and he is pursued by a brightly burning flame.” (Quran 15:17-18)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Prophet also said: “They (the Jinn) would pass the information back down until it reaches the lips of a magician or forrtune-teller Sometimes a meteor would overtake them before they could pass it on.  If they passed it on before being struck, they would add to it a hundred lies” (Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/strong>.  Thus, it is clear from this as to how fortune-tellers get predictions of the future sometimes right.  It is also evident as to why they get so many wrong.  Men like Nostradamus are an example, as some of his predictions of the future were correct whilst many were completely wrong.  Unfortunately, the amount of fortune telling which occurs amongst the Muslims is also increasing.  By visiting Muslim lands such as Morocco, one is able to see as to how much inter Jinn-fortune-teller activity there really is.  If you look up at the sky on a clear night in Morocco, you will see the heavens ablaze with shooting stars! A clear display of the devils being chased away from the heavens.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Fortune-tellers also operate through the Qareen<\/em>.  The Qareen<\/em> is the Jinn companion which is assigned to every human being.  It is this Jinn which whispers to our base desires and constantly tries to divert us from righteousness.  The Prophet said: “Every one of you has been assigned a companion from the Jinn.  The companions asked: Even you O’ Messenger of God?  And the Prophet replied: Even me, except that God has helped me against him and he has become a Muslim.  Now he only tells me to do good” (Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong>.  Because the Qareen is with a person all his life, it knows all that has happened to the person from the cradle to the grave.  By making contact with the Qareen, the fortune-teller is thus able to make out that it is he who knows about the person.  He looks in his crystal ball or the palm of a person and proceeds to amaze him with knowledge which no one else knows.  The severity of going to a fortune-teller is such that the Prophet said: “The prayer of one who approaches a fortune-teller and asks him about anything, will not be accepted for forty days or nights” (Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong> and: “Whosoever approaches a fortune-teller and believes in what he says, has disbelieved in what was revealed to Muhammed.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

The effects of the Jinn are not just limited to fortune-tellers.  Other activities such as oujia boards and seances, which are used to contact the dead, are manipulated by the Jinn.  ‘Are you there Charlie?  Speak to us Charlie!!’  are the sort of words spoken by anxious relatives (names are obviously different!) seeking to make contact with their loved ones.  And it is when the Jinn starts to talk and communicate as ‘Charlie’, that the people are truly fooled.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

One of the biggest manipulations of the Jinn is through visions.  Through these visions the Jinns are more likely to lead people away from the worship of God then any other way.  When a person sees a vision in front of his eyes it is something which is very hard to explain away.  Only by having knowledge of the world of the Jinn and conviction in God, can a person fight such a trial.  The countless numbers of visions of Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary over the centuries has been a popular choice for the devils.  It almost seems as if leading Christians astray is the most easiest trick for the Jinns!  Not only are Christians fooled by these visions, but often the Jinns possess and begin to talk from their voices.  To the Christians this is known as the tongues of the Angels and thus a proof for their faith.  However, the amount of unintelligible nonsense and rubbish which is heard is a clear proof that this is in fact the tongues of the devils!  For other people, visions of their parents or relatives are commonplace.  By taking on the form of peoples parents, the Jinns can convince people that the souls of dead people still mix with the people of the earth.  This is why so many people believe in ghosts.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The onslaught of satanic visions has also hit the Muslims.  Many Muslims claim to have seen visions of the Prophet Muhammed and even God!  By doing this, Satan is able to lead astray the weak Muslims.  Through such visions, Muslims are often told that the commands of Islam are not applicable to them.  The Jinns tell them that Prayer, Fasting, Hajj etc. are not obligatory for them.  It is a great deception and unfortunately one which has been very effective.  The extent of satanic visions still continues to this day.  The recent death of Diana Princess of Wales sparked off great love and adoration for this woman.  In fact the grief of the British people was such, that it was as if Diana was something divine.  No sooner had the mourning of Diana reached its peak, that visions of her were already being seen at Hampton Court Palace!  If these visions did occur, the desire of Satan and his army of Jinn to capitalise on this event, was evident.  Such visions are clear attempts by Satan to lead mankind away from the path of God.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Protection from the Jinn<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Because the Jinn can see us while we cannot see them, the Prophet Muhammad taught us many ways to protect ourselves from their harm, such as seeking refuge in Allah (God) from the accursed Satan, reciting chapters 113 and 114 of the Holy Quran, and reciting the words taught by God in the Quran: “Say: ‘My Lord! I seek refuge with You from the whisperings (suggestions) of Satan (devils). And I seek refuge with You, my Lord, lest they may attend (or come near) me.’” (Quran 23:97-98)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Saying Bismillah (in the Name of Allah (God)) before entering one’s home, before eating or drinking, and before having intercourse will also keep Satan from entering the house or partaking with a person in his food, drink and sexual activity. Similarly, mentioning the name of Allah before entering the toilet or taking off one’s clothes will prevent the Jinn from seeing a person’s private parts or harming him, as the Prophet said.  Strength of faith and religion in general will also prevent the Jinn from harming a person.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Reciting Al-Kursi verse in Arabic (Quran 2:255) provides also a strong protection against the Jinn, as we learned from the story of Abu Hurairah (one of Muhammad’s companions) with a devil.[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Also the Prophet Muhammad said: “Do not make your houses like graves, for Satan runs away from a house in which al-Baqarah chapter [chapter 2] is recited.”(Narrated by Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

These Arabic verses and prophetic sayings were some examples of how a Muslim would get protection from the Jinn.  Islam teaches us how to deal with all of God’s creation - and not just the Jinn.  A true Muslim should not fear Satan or the Jinn, because Islam taught us about them and how to get protection from their harm.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The world of the Jinn is one which is both sinister and intriguing.  By knowing of this world we can explain many of the mysteries and issues which bother us.  By doing this we can avoid the extremes which the people have gone to; nothing being more extreme then worshipping others besides God.  By learning the monotheism of God, we defend ourselves from these hidden allies of Satan:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Indeed he (Satan) and his tribe watch you from a position where you cannot see them.” (Quran 7:27)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Abu Hurairah (a companion of Muhammad) said: “The Prophet Muhammad put me in charge of guarding compulsory charity collected in the month of Ramadan.  Somebody came and began to take away some food-stuff from it.  I caught him and said, ‘I must take you to the Prophet of God.’  He replied, ‘I am a needy man with a large family, and so I have a pressing need.’  So I let him go.  When I saw the Prophet next morning, he asked me, ‘O Abu Hurairah! What did your captive do last night?’  I said, ‘O Prophet of God! He complained of a pressing need and a big family. I felt pity for him and I let him go.’  The prophet said, ‘He told you a lie and he will return.’  I was sure according to the saying of the Prophet that he would return.  I waited for him.  He sneaked up again and began to steal food-stuff from the charity.  I caught him and said, ‘I must take you to the Prophet.’  He replied, ‘Let go of me, I am a needy man.  I have to bear the expenses of a big family.  I will not come back.’  So I took pity on him and let him go.  I went at dawn to the Prophet who asked me, ‘O Abu Hurairah! What did your captive do last night?’  I replied, ‘O Prophet of God! He complained of a pressing need and the burden of a big family.  I took pity on him and so I let him go.’  The Prophet replied, ‘He told you a lie and he will return.’  (That man) came again to steal the food-stuff.  I arrested him and said, ‘I must take you to the Prophet of God, and this is the last of three times.  You promised that you would not come again but you did.’  He replied, ‘Let go of me, and I shall teach you some words with which God may benefit you.’  I asked, ‘what are those words?’  He replied, ‘When you go to bed, recite Al-Kursi verse (Quran 2:255), for there will be a guardian appointed over you from God, and no devil will be able to approach you till morning.’  So I let him go.  Next morning the Prophet of God asked me, ‘What did your prisoner do last night.’  I answered, ‘He promised to teach me some words which he claimed will benefit me before God.  So I let him go.’  The Prophet asked, ‘What are those words that he taught you?’  I said, ‘He told me: When you go to bed, recite Al-Kursi verse from the beginning to the end and that by reciting it, there will be a guardian appointed over you from God who will protect you during the night, and no devil will be able to come near you until morning.’  The Prophet said, ‘Verily, he has told you the truth though he is a liar.  O Abu Hurairah! Do you know with whom you were speaking for the last three nights?’  I said, ‘No.’ The prophet replied, ‘That was a devil.’” (Narrated in Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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El Mundo de los Genios (Yinn)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>\r\n

 (parte 1 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

A través del curso de la historia humana siempre prevaleció la profunda atracción por lo oculto y sobrenatural. La existencia de un mundo paralelo ha sido invariablemente una fascinación para las personas. Comúnmente, este cosmos es referido como el mundo de los espíritus, y prácticamente toda persona tiene algún concepto de él. Para algunos, estos espíritus no son más que almas de personas fallecidas –o fantasmas–. Para otros, los espíritus son tanto las fuerzas del bien como las fuerzas del mal, ambas luchando por ganar influencia sobre la humanidad. Como sea, ambas explicaciones son más acordes a cuentos folclóricos y fantasías. El Islam tiene una explicación sobre este reino de lo oculto. Es a partir de esta esfera que el Islam nos explica el mundo de los Yinn<\/em>. La explicación Islámica de los Yinn<\/em>nos suministra respuestas para los misterios de la modernidad. Sin los conocimientos de ese cosmos los musulmanes actuarían como muchos de los no musulmanes, corriendo de un lado al otro buscando cualquier respuesta antigua que surja a su paso. Entonces… ¿quiénes o qué son los Yinn<\/em>?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Existencia<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Los Yinn<\/em> son entes de libre voluntad, viviendo en la Tierra, en un mundo paralelo a la humanidad. La palabra árabe Yinn<\/em> proviene del verbo ‘yanna<\/em>’, que significa esconder u ocultar. Por consiguiente, como sugiere su definición, son físicamente invisibles a la humanidad. Dicha invisibilidad es una de las razones por las que ciertas personas han negado su existencia. Empero, (como se verá) el efecto que el reino de los Yinn<\/em> <\/em>tiene sobre nuestro mundo es suficiente para refutar esta moderna negación de una de las creaciones de Dios. Los orígenes de los Yinn<\/em> pueden encontrarse tanto en el Corán como en el Sunnah. Dios ha revelado:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Hemos creado al hombre de arcilla, de barro maleable. Y al genio lo creamos antes [que al hombre] de fuego”. (Corán 15:26-27)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Por lo tanto, los Yinn<\/em> fueron creados antes que la humanidad. Luego, respecto a su origen físico y confirmando el versículo previamente citado, el Profeta (que la paz y la misericordia de Dios sean con él) manifestó:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Los Ángeles fueron creados de luz y el<\/strong> <\/strong>Yinn<\/em><\/strong> <\/strong>de fuego sin humo”. (Sahih Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Esta descripción de los Yinn<\/em> nos revela muchísimo sobre ellos. Puesto que fueron creados del fuego, tienen una naturaleza  arrebatada, y consecuentemente se erigió sobre ello su relación con la humanidad. Al igual que a los seres humanos, también se les exige adorar a Dios y seguir el Islam; su propósito en la vida es exactamente el mismo que el nuestro, como Dios dice:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Por cierto que He creado a los genios y a los hombres para que Me adoren”. (Corán 51:56)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Los Yinn<\/em> pueden o no ser musulmanes. Sin embargo, debido a su naturaleza arrebatada su mayoría no es musulmana. Todos los Yinn<\/em> no musulmanes constituyen una parte de la legión del Yinn<\/em> más famoso, Satanás[1]<\/a>.  Por consiguiente, estos Yinn<\/em> <\/em>no creyentes son llamados demonios<\/em>. Los Yinn<\/em> también se convierten al Islam, como lo hicieron en tiempos del Profeta (que la paz y la misericordia de Dios sean con él), cuando un grupo de ellos se asombró por la recitación del Corán. Dios ordenó al Profeta que le comunicara a la gente acerca de dicho acontecimiento:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Diles [a los hombres ¡Oh, Muhammad!]: Me ha sido revelado que un grupo de genios dijeron al escuchar [la recitación del Corán]: Por cierto que hemos oído una recitación maravillosa que guía al sendero recto. Creemos en él [el Corán] y no asociaremos copartícipes a nuestro Señor”. (Corán 72:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Muchos aspectos del cosmos de los Yinn<\/em> son muy similares al nuestro; comen, beben, se casan, procrean y mueren. No obstante, la duración de sus vidas es considerablemente más extensa que la nuestra y, al igual que nosotros, estarán sujetos a un Juicio Final a cargo de Dios el Altísimo. En el Día del Juicio estarán presentes junto a la humanidad, e irán tanto al Infierno como al Paraíso.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Facultades<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Lo que distingue claramente a los Yinn<\/em> de la humanidad son sus poderes y habilidades. Una de las formas en que Dios los prueba es mediante el otorgamiento de esos poderes. Si subyugan a terceros con éstos, deberán rendir cuentas por ello. Teniendo conocimiento de sus poderes, gran parte de los misterios que ocurren en nuestro alrededor cobran sentido. Uno de los poderes de los Yinn<\/em> es que pueden asumir cualquier forma física que les plazca. Por lo tanto, pueden presentarse como seres humanos, animales, árboles o cualquier otra cosa. Por todo el mundo miles de personas han divisado criaturas de apariencias extrañas –y parecería más plausible que todos los señalamientos de dichas criaturas fueran Yinn<\/em> exhibiéndose en formas diversas–.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

La habilidad de poseer y tomar cuerpos y mentes de otras criaturas también es una fortaleza de la cual los Yinn<\/em> se han servido formidablemente con el correr de los siglos. No obstante, poseer otro ser es una acción que envuelve gran opresión, de modo que esta habilidad les fue prohibida. Y aunque la posesión humana siempre despertó asombrosa fascinación, el auténtico conocimiento sobre este asunto es una rareza. En las últimas 3 décadas la posesión se ha vuelto objeto de intenso consumo y superlativa mercantilización. Durante los años 70 se utilizaron películas como El Exorcista<\/em> y El Bebé de Rosemary<\/em> para educar a la gente acerca de la posesión. Sin embargo, debido a que tales organismos (la industria cinematográfica) fueron excesivamente influenciados por el cristianismo, la instrucción sobre la materia fue inexistente. ¡Más que educar y tratar la posesión de los Yinn<\/em>, las películas como El Exorcista<\/em> solamente tendían a paralizarnos de espanto!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Comprenderemos tales fenómenos a través del Islam. Como musulmanes, sabemos que los Yinn<\/em> pueden poseer a las personas por múltiples razones. A veces, se debe a que el Yinn<\/em> o su familia fueron accidentalmente lastimados, hasta puede ocurrir que el Yinn<\/em> se enamore de una persona. Cualquiera sea el caso, la mayoría de las veces simplemente se trata de un Yinn<\/em> malicioso y perverso. Por esa razón, nos fue ordenado recitar el Corán periódicamente en nuestras casas, justamente como el Profeta (que la paz y la misericordia de Dios sean con él) enunció:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“En efecto, Satanás huye de la casa en la que se recita Surah Al - Baqarah (el segundo capítulo del Corán)”. (At-Tirmidhi<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Si una persona es poseída, entonces el nombre de Dios tiene que usarse para expulsar al Yinn<\/em>; si prestamos atención a la práctica del Profeta y sus compañeros, encontraremos numerosas invocaciones para exorcizar a los Yinn<\/em>. Todos invocan a Dios para ayudar a la persona poseída. ¡Cuán contradictorios son a tantos exorcismos actuales! A menudo, diversos exorcistas invocan nombres de terceros además de Dios para expulsar al Yinn<\/em>, y cuando el Yinn<\/em> parte estas personas piensan que su estrategia fue exitosa. Ese es otro truco del Yinn<\/em>, ya que sabe que si obedece al exorcista entonces conseguirá que éste venere a esos supuestos intermediarios además de Dios. El Yinn<\/em> sabe que, excepto las palabras de Dios, nada puede impedirle de oprimir a otras personas, de modo que generalmente regresa luego que el exorcista se hubiese marchado.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

No sólo la humanidad puede ser poseída, esta manifestación también sucede en animales, árboles y otros organismos y objetos. El Yinn<\/em> malvado lleva a cabo la posesión deseando que la gente venere a diferentes seres además de Dios. La posesión de ídolos es una forma de generar esto. Poco tiempo atrás, el fenómeno mundial de ídolos hindúes bebiendo leche impactó al mundo. De Bombay a Londres, de Delhi a California… innumerables ídolos bebiendo leche a lengüetazos. Ganesh, el dios elefante; Hanuman, el dios mono; y Shiva, el órgano masculino (!), todos. ¡Engullían la leche como si no hubiese un mañana! Desafortunadamente, la gente se dejó llevar por este suceso y muchos acudieron a alimentar dioses hindúes. Indudablemente, esta hazaña se trató de un clásico intento Yinn<\/em> para que las personas veneraran dioses falsos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> A diferencia del cristianismo, el Islam sostiene que Satanás (Lucifer) era un Yinn<\/em> y no un ángel.  Los ángeles no tienen libre albedrío para desobedecer...<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Le monde des djinns<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (partie 1 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

De tout temps, l’homme a toujours été profondément fasciné par le surnaturel et le monde invisible.  L’existence d’un monde parallèle au nôtre l’a toujours troublé.  On fait souvent référence à ce monde parallèle en tant que « monde des esprits » et la plupart des gens s’en font une image particulière.  Pour certains, il s’agit des âmes de personnes décédées, qu’ils appellent aussi « fantômes ».   Pour d’autres, les esprits représentent soit les forces du bien, soit celles du mal, les deux luttant les unes contre les autres pour exercer leurs pouvoirs sur l’humanité.  Ces interprétations, toutefois, relèvent surtout du folklore et de l’imagination.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

À l’instar de toutes les religions, l’islam a lui aussi son interprétation sur ce monde invisible, mais c’est lui qui l’explique de la façon la plus claire et logique.  Ce que plusieurs perçoivent comme un monde parallèle au nôtre est appelé le monde des djinns, en islam.  Ce point de vue de l’islam apporte d’ailleurs de nombreuses réponses aux mystères des temps modernes et anciens.  Sans la connaissance de ce monde, les musulmans, comme les non-musulmans,  chercheraient à expliquer ces mystères de mille et une façons.  Alors qui sont les djinns et que sont-ils, au juste?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Leur existence<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Les djinns sont des êtres qui ont été créés avec un libre-arbitre et qui vivent sur terre, dans un monde parallèle à celui des hommes.  Le mot « djinn », en arabe, est dérivé du verbe « janna », qui signifie cacher ou dissimuler.  Ils sont donc physiquement invisibles aux yeux des hommes, comme leur nom le suggère.  Cette invisibilité est l’une des raisons pour lesquelles certaines personnes nient leur existence.  Toutefois, l’influence qu’a le monde des djinns sur les hommes suffit pour réfuter les arguments de ceux qui nient l’existence de ces créatures de Dieu.  Le Coran et la sounnah parlent de l’origine des djinns.  Dieu dit, dans le Coran :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Nous avons certes créé l’homme d’une argile sonnante, extraite d’une boue malléable.  Quant aux djinns, Nous les avions créés, auparavant, d’un feu sans fumée, d’une chaleur ardente. » (Coran 15:26-27)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Les djinns furent donc créés avant l’homme.  Quant à leur origine physique, le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a abondé dans le sens du verset ci-dessus lorsqu’il a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Les anges furent créés de lumière, tandis que les djinns furent créés d’un feu sans fumée. » (sahih Mouslim)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Par ailleurs, ils sont tenus, comme les humains, d’adorer Dieu et de se conformer à l’islam.  Le but de leur création est exactement le même que celui de la création de l’homme, car Dieu dit, dans le Coran :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Je n’ai créé les djinns et les hommes que pour qu’ils M’adorent. » (Coran 51:56)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Les djinns, comme les hommes, peuvent donc être musulmans ou non-musulmans.  Toutefois, à cause de leur nature fougueuse, la plupart d’entre eux sont non-musulmans.  Tous ces djinns non-musulmans forment une partie de l’armée du plus connu et du plus grand des djinns, c’est-à-dire Satan.  Par conséquent, ces djinns mécréants sont aussi appelés diables.  Certains djinns sont musulmans, comme ceux qui se convertirent à l’époque du prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui).  En effet, un groupe d’entre eux fut séduit par la récitation du Coran et devint musulman.  Dans le Coran, Dieu ordonne au Prophète de rapporter cet événement aux gens :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Dis, (ô Mohammed) : « Il m’a été révélé qu’un groupe de djinns a prêté l’oreille à (ce Coran) et a dit : « Nous avons entendu (réciter) une lecture merveilleuse, qui guide vers la droiture.  Nous y avons cru et nous n’associerons jamais personne à notre Seigneur. » (Coran 72:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Sous plusieurs aspects, les djinns sont très similaires à nous.  Ils mangent et boivent, ils se marient, ont des enfants et meurent.  Leur durée de vie est cependant beaucoup plus longue que la nôtre.  Comme nous, ils connaîtront le Jugement dernier et rendront des comptes à Dieu, le Très-Haut.  Ils seront présents, avec les hommes, au Jour du Jugement, et iront soit au Paradis, soit en Enfer.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Leurs habiletés diverses<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Ce qui distingue réellement les djinns des êtres humains sont leurs pouvoirs et leurs habiletés diverses.  Dieu leur a accordé ces pouvoirs pour les éprouver.  S’ils oppriment les autres avec ces pouvoirs, ils devront en rendre compte.  Par ailleurs, une meilleure connaissance de leurs pouvoirs peut nous aider à mieux expliquer certains phénomènes mystérieux qui se produisent autour de nous.  Un des pouvoirs des djinns est qu’ils arrivent à prendre à peu près n’importe quelle forme physique.  Ils peuvent donc nous apparaître sous forme d’humains ou d’animaux, ou d’autres créatures vivantes.  Des milliers de personnes à travers le monde ont déjà aperçu des créatures étranges et il n’est pas exagéré de penser qu’elles aient pu être des djinns ayant emprunté une des nombreuses formes physiques de leur répertoire.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

La capacité de posséder l’esprit et le corps d’autres créatures fait également partie des pouvoirs des djinns et ils l’ont souvent utilisée au fil des siècles.  Cependant, il s’agit d’un acte que Dieu leur a interdit, car prendre possession d’un autre être vivant constitue une grave oppression.  Les possessions humaines ont toujours à la fois fasciné et terrifié les hommes.  Mais la véritable connaissance de ce phénomène est rare.  Au cours des trois dernières décennies, le sujet des possessions a été très commercialisé.  Dans les années 70, les gens crurent tout connaître à ce sujet après le visionnement des films L’exorciste et Le bébé de Rosemarie.  Comme l’industrie du film était alors très influencée par le christianisme, on ne pouvait espérer acquérir une véritable connaissance du sujet par le simple visionnement de ces films.  Car plutôt que d’éduquer les gens sur les possessions par les djinns, ces films eurent plutôt tendance à les terrifier au dernier degré.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Seul l’islam nous apporte une explication satisfaisante à un tel phénomène.  Nous savons, en tant que musulmans, que les djinns peuvent posséder les gens pour diverses raisons.  Parfois, ils le font parce qu’eux-mêmes ou un membre de leur famille a été accidentellement blessé par un être humain.  Il arrive également qu’un djinn tombe en amour avec une personne et décide d’en prendre possession.  Mais dans la plupart des cas, les djinns possèdent des gens tout simplement parce qu’ils sont malveillants de nature.  C’est pourquoi le prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) nous a recommandé de réciter régulièrement le Coran dans nos maisons :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« En vérité, Satan fuit toute maison où l’on récite la sourate al-Baqarah [i.e. la deuxième sourate du Coran]. » (at-Tirmidhi<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Si une personne se trouve possédée par un djinn, le nom de Dieu doit être utilisé pour le chasser.  Dans ce qui nous a été transmis du Prophète et de ses compagnons, nous retrouvons plusieurs invocations servant à exorciser les djinns et toutes invoquent Dieu afin qu’Il vienne en aide à la personne possédée.  Voilà qui est bien différent des exorcismes des temps modernes, où l’on invoque souvent d’autres entités que Dieu pour tenter de chasser le djinn.  Et lorsque le djinn quitte la personne, ils s’imaginent que c’est grâce à leurs incantations.  Mais en réalité, il ne s’agit que d’un stratagème, de la part du djinn, car il sait que s’il se conforme aux souhaits de l’exorciste, il a alors réussi à lui faire croire qu’adorer d’autres divinités en dehors de Dieu est une pratique qui lui est profitable.  Souvent, le djinn reprend possession de la personne une fois que l’exorciste est parti, car il sait que seules les paroles de Dieu peuvent l’éloigner de façon définitive.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Les animaux peuvent également être possédés par des djinns.  Ce faisant, le djinn espère amener les gens à adorer des entités autres que Dieu.  La possession d’idoles (telles que celles adorées par les païens) est un de leurs nombreux stratagèmes pour parvenir à cette fin.  Il n’y a pas si longtemps, l’histoire d’idoles hindoues buvant du lait a fait le tour du monde.  De Mumbai à Londres, en passant par Delhi et la Californie, de nombreuses idoles buvaient prétendument du lait.  Ganesh, le dieu-éléphant, Hanuman, le dieu-singe, et même Shiva lingam, l’organe masculin (!), engloutissaient du lait de façon insatiable.  De nombreuses personnes naïves y crurent et se précipitèrent pour aller abreuver ces idoles.  Cet exploit ne pouvait s’expliquer que par la présence de djinns, dans une de leurs tentatives bien connues d’amener les gens à adorer de fausses divinités.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(partie 2 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Les activités occultes des djinns<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Grâce à leur faculté de voler et à leur invisibilité, les djinns s’adonnent beaucoup aux activités occultes.  Le vaudou, la magie noire, les esprits frappeurs, la sorcellerie et les médiums peuvent tous être expliqués par la présence des djinns, tout comme les illusions créées par les magiciens.  Parce que les djinns possèdent le pouvoir de traverser de grandes distances en à peine quelques secondes, ils sont d’une valeur inestimable pour les magiciens.  En contrepartie de l’aide qu’ils apportent aux magiciens, les djinns leur demandent souvent de les adorer, eux, de même que le diable.  Les magiciens prennent donc les djinns et Satan comme divinités à la place de Dieu.  De nos jours, il ne fait aucun doute que certaines illusions créées par certains magiciens le sont à l’aide de djinns.  Faire disparaître la statue de la Liberté, voler à travers le Grand Canyon et faire émerger un bateau du triangle des Bermudes, voilà des illusions qui ont toutes été créées par le magicien David Copperfield.  Aucun homme ne peut faire de telles choses sans l’aide des djinns.  Il ne serait donc pas étonnant d’apprendre, un jour, que ce magicien a vendu son âme au diable.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Une des activités les plus fréquemment associées aux djinns est la cartomancie.  Avant la venue du prophète Mohammed, les diseurs de bonne aventure et les voyants étaient très répandus.  Ils utilisaient leurs associés parmi les djinns pour obtenir des informations sur l’avenir.  Les djinns se rendaient jusqu’au ciel le plus bas et écoutaient les anges converser entre eux au sujet d’événements futurs dont ils avaient entendu parler par Dieu.  Les djinns redescendaient alors et en informaient les diseurs de bonne aventure.  C’est pour cette raison qu’avant l’époque du Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui), de nombreux diseurs de bonne aventure faisaient des prédictions très précises qui se confirmaient par la suite.  Toutefois, au moment où débuta la mission prophétique de Mohammed, les cieux furent très étroitement gardés par les anges et tout djinn tentant d’écouter leurs propos se faisait accueillir par une pluie de météorites (étoiles filantes) :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Et Nous l’avons protégé [le ciel] contre tout diable indésirable.  Si l’un d’eux parvient à écouter subrepticement, une flamme brillante le poursuit aussitôt. » (Coran 15:18)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Par ailleurs, le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Ils [les djinns] relayaient l’information sur terre jusqu’à ce qu’elle parvienne aux lèvres d’un magicien ou d’un diseur de bonne aventure.  Parfois, une météorite les atteignait avant qu’ils n’aient le temps de relayer l’information.  S’ils arrivaient à la relayer avant d’être atteints, ils y ajoutaient une centaine de mensonges. » (sahih al-Boukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ce hadith jette donc la lumière sur la façon dont certains voyants font parfois des prédictions qui se confirment par la suite.  Il nous fait également comprendre pourquoi ils se trompent aussi souvent.  Si nous prenons Nostradamus comme exemple, la majorité de ses prédictions se sont avérées fausses et seules quelques-unes se sont confirmées.  Par ailleurs, il est malheureux de constater que le nombre de diseurs de bonne aventure est en augmentation chez les peuples musulmans.  Dans des pays comme le Maroc, on constate facilement un taux élevé de communications djinns-voyants.  Si vous observez le ciel, au Maroc, un soir sans nuages, vous verrez un nombre impressionnant d’étoiles filantes, ce qui vous donnera une idée du nombre de diables chassés des cieux où ils tentaient de recueillir des informations.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Les diseurs de bonne aventure travaillent également avec leur qarine<\/em>.  Le qarine<\/em> est un djinn assigné à chaque être humain.  C’est ce djinn qui, par ses chuchotements, nous suggère toutes sortes de mauvais désirs et tente constamment de nous détourner du droit chemin.  Le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« À chacun d’entre vous a été assigné un djinn, qui l’accompagne en permanence. » Ses compagnons lui demandèrent : « Même toi, ô messager de Dieu? » Le Prophète répondit : « Oui, même moi; mais Dieu m’a aidé contre lui et il est devenu musulman.  Maintenant, il ne m’encourage qu’à faire le bien. » (sahih Mouslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Comme le qarine<\/em> accompagne une personne durant toute sa vie, il sait tout de cette personne et connaît tous les événements de sa vie, de sa naissance jusqu’à sa mort.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

En prenant contact avec le qarine<\/em> d’une personne, un diseur de bonne aventure arrive à faire croire que c’est lui qui possède un véritable don de voyance.  Il regarde dans une boule de cristal ou dans la paume de la main d’une personne et cherche à l’impressionner avec des connaissances qu’il n’aurait pu obtenir sans l’aide du qarine<\/em>.  Consulter un voyant est un acte si grave que le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a dit, à ce sujet :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«  La prière de celui qui approche un diseur de bonne aventure pour lui demander quoi que ce soit est rejetée durant quarante jours et quarante nuits. » (sahih Mouslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Et :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Quiconque va voir un diseur de bonne aventure et croit ce qu’il dit mécroit, de ce fait, à ce qui a été révélé à Mohammed. »<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Les djinns ne sont pas actifs qu’auprès des diseurs de bonne aventure.  D’autres activités, comme les séances de spiritisme et les tables de ouija, sont manipulées par les djinns.  « Es-tu Charlie?  Parle-nous, Charlie! », telle est le genre de paroles que prononcent anxieusement les proches d’une personne décédée lors de ces séances, dans l’espoir d’entrer en contact avec elle.  Et lorsque le djinn commence à se manifester et à parler comme s’il était « Charlie », les gens n’y voient que du feu.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Les djinns excellent particulièrement à manipuler les gens en provoquant des  visions devant leurs yeux.  Par ces visions, ils incitent les gens à se détourner de l’adoration de Dieu.  Quand une personne voit apparaître une forme devant elle, elle ne sait comment l’expliquer.  Ce n’est qu’en ayant une bonne connaissance du monde des djinns et une ferme croyance en Dieu qu’une personne arrive à ne pas se laisser impressionner par un tel phénomène.  Les visions de Jésus et de la vierge Marie, nombreuses au fil des siècles, sont un choix populaire chez les djinns.  Il semble même que d’égarer les chrétiens soit l’un des trucs les plus faciles, pour les djinns.  Non seulement les chrétiens sont-ils dupés par ces visions, mais quand les djinns se mettent en plus à parler, ils s’imaginent entendre des anges, ce qui les renforce dans leur foi.  Pourtant, le nombre d’absurdités qu’ils émettent devraient suffire à faire comprendre à quiconque que ces voix sont en fait celles des diables et non des anges!  Pour certaines personnes, les visions dans lesquelles ils voient leurs proches ou leurs ancêtres sont chose courante.  En prenant la forme de leurs proches, les djinns les persuadent que les âmes des personnes mortes circulent toujours sur terre, parmi les humains.  C’est pourquoi tant de gens croient aux fantômes et aux esprits.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

La vague déferlante de visions sataniques frappe aussi le monde musulman.  Combien de musulmans prétendent avoir vu le prophète Mohammed, ou encore Dieu Lui-même!  Ce faisant, les djinns égarent les musulmans dont la foi est faible.  Au cours de ces visions, ils se font souvent dire que les commandements de l’islam ne s’appliquent plus à eux.  Les djinns leur disent que la prière, le jeûne, le Hajj, etc, ne sont plus obligatoires pour eux.  Il s’agit d’une grande supercherie qui, malheureusement, s’est souvent avérée efficace.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Protection contre les djinns<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Parce que les djinns peuvent nous voir alors que nous ne les voyons pas, le prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) nous a enseigné les différentes façons de nous protéger contre eux (par exemple, en cherchant refuge auprès de Dieu contre Satan le maudit, en récitant les sourates 113 et 114 du Coran, ou encore en récitant les paroles que Dieu nous a enseignées, dans le Coran : « Et dis : « Seigneur!  Je cherche refuge en Toi contre les tentations des démons.  Et je cherche refuge en Toi, Seigneur, contre leur présence auprès de moi. » (Coran  23:97-98)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dire « bismillah » (au nom d’Allah) en entrant chez soi, avant de manger ou boire, et avant d’avoir des rapports intimes éloigne également les djinns de sa demeure et les empêche de partager notre nourriture et notre boisson, ou de participer à nos rapports intimes avec nous.  De même, mentionner le nom d’Allah avant d’entrer aux toilettes ou de se déshabiller empêche les djinns de voir la nudité d’une personne ou de lui nuire.  La fermeté générale dans la foi et dans la religion empêchent aussi les djinns de nuire à une personne.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Réciter le verset al-Koursi en arabe (Coran 2:255) offre une très grande protection contre les djinns, comme nous l’a appris l’expérience qu’a vécue Abou Hourayrah (un des compagnons du Prophète) avec un diable.[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Réciter le verset al-Koursi en arabe (Coran 2:255) offre une très grande protection contre les djinns, comme nous l’a appris l’expérience qu’a vécue Abou Hourayrah (un des compagnons du Prophète) avec un diable.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

À ce sujet, le prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a dit : « Ne faites pas des tombeaux de vos maisons; récitez-y al-Baqarah [i.e. la deuxième sourate du Coran], car Satan fuit toute maison où elle est récitée. » (sahih Mouslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ces versets, en arabe, de même que ces hadiths, constituent quelques exemples de la façon dont un musulman peut se protéger contre les djinns.  L’islam nous enseigne la façon de traiter avec toute la création de Dieu – et pas seulement les djinns.  Un véritable musulman ne craint ni Satan ni les djinns, car l’islam nous les a démystifiés et nous a appris à nous protéger contre eux.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le monde des djinns est à la fois sinistre et intriguant.  En le connaissant mieux, nous pouvons arriver à expliquer de nombreux phénomènes considérés comme des mystères.  C’est de cette façon que nous pouvons éviter de sombrer dans des extrêmes, comme ceux qui, n’arrivant pas à expliquer ces phénomènes, vont jusqu’à adorer toutes sortes d’objets et créatures autres que Dieu.  C’est en nous accrochant fermement au monothéisme que nous pouvons nous défendre contre ces alliés invisibles de Satan :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Ils vous ont certes à l’œil, lui (Satan) et sa tribu, alors que vous ne pouvez les voir. » (Coran 7:27)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a>  Abou Hourayrah, un des compagnons du Prophète, raconte : « Le Messager de Dieu me confia la garde de la Zakat (charité obligatoire sous forme de nourriture) du Ramadan. (Pendant la nuit), quelqu’un vint et commença à prendre une poignée de nourriture (de la zakat). Je le saisis et je lui dis : « Je vais t’emmener devant le Messager de Dieu ». «Laisse-moi ! Je suis pauvre ! J’ai une famille (à nourrir) et je suis dans le besoin » me répondit-il. Je le laissai alors partir.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Le lendemain matin, le Messager de Dieu me demanda : « Ô Abou Hourayrah ! Qu’a fait ton prisonnier hier soir ? » Je lui répondis : « Il s’est plaint d’une grande pauvreté et d’une famille à nourrir. J’ai eu alors pitié de lui et je l’ai laissé partir ».<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Il me dit alors : « Très certainement, il t’a menti. Et il reviendra!» J’ai fus alors certain qu’il reviendrait. Je décidai donc de l’attendre…<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

En effet, (la nuit suivante), il revint.  Et comme il s’apprêtait à prendre une poignée de nourriture (de la zakat), je le saisis et lui dis : « Je vais te traduire devant le Messager de Dieu ». «Laisse-moi ! Je suis pauvre ! J’ai une famille (à nourrir) et je suis dans le besoin » me répondit-il.  Alors je le laissai à nouveau partir.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Le lendemain matin, le Messager de Dieu me demanda : « Ô Abou Hourayrah ! Qu’a fait ton prisonnier hier soir ? » Je lui répondis : « Il s’est plaint d’une grande pauvreté et d’une famille à nourrir. J’ai eu alors pitié de lui et je l’ai laissé partir ».<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Il me dit alors : « Très certainement, il t’a menti. Et il reviendra ! » J’ai fus alors certain qu’il reviendrait. Je décidai donc de l’attendre…<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

En effet, (la troisième nuit ), il revint.  Et comme il s’apprêtait à prendre une poignée de nourriture (de la zakat), je le saisis et lui dis : « Je vais te traduire devant le Messager de Dieu car cette fois-ci, c’est la dernière de trois fois.  Tu as promis de ne pas revenir, mais tu es quand même revenu. »<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Il me dit alors : « Laisse-moi partir et je t’enseignerai quelques paroles qui te seront utiles auprès de Dieu ». – « Quelles sont-elles ? » lui demandai-je.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Il me répondit : « Lorsque tu te mets au lit, récite le verset du Trône (al-Kursi) du début à la fin.  Dieu te désignera alors un protecteur et aucun diable ne pourra t’approcher jusqu’au matin. » Je le laissai alors partir…<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Le lendemain matin, le Messager de Dieu me demanda : « Ô Abou Hourayrah ! Qu’a fait ton prisonnier hier soir ? »  Je lui répondis : « Ô Messager d’Allah! Il a prétendu m’enseigner quelques paroles qui me seraient utiles auprès de Dieu ! Je l’ai alors laissé partir ».<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

« Quelles sont ces paroles ? » me demanda-t-il. Je répondis : « Il m’a dit : « Lorsque tu te mets au lit, récite le verset du Trône du début à la fin… »  Et il ajouta : « Dieu te désignera alors un protecteur et aucun diable ne pourra t’approcher jusqu’au matin ! »<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Le Prophète me dit : « Certes, il t’a dit la vérité bien qu’il soit un grand menteur ! Ô Abou Hourayrah : sais-tu à qui tu as parlé durant trois nuits ? » <\/strong>« Non ! » répondis-je. <\/span><\/p>\r\n


« Et bien, reprit-il, <\/em>il s’agissait d’un diable ! »   (rapporté dans sahih al-Boukhari)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Die Welt der \u011einn<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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(teil 1 von 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

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Seit jeher hat das Übernatürliche und das Unsichtbare eine starke Anziehungskraft auf den Menschen ausgeübt.  Die Existenz einer Welt neben unserer Welt hat die Menschen schon immer fasziniert.  Diese Welt wird gewöhnlich als geistige Welt angesehen, und fast jedes Volk hat seine eigenen Vorstellungen von ihr.  Für manche Menschen sind diese Geister nicht mehr als die Seelen toter Menschen – oder Geister.  Für andere Menschen sind diese Geister eher die Kräfte des Guten oder die Kräfte des Bösen – die sich beide bekämpfen, um Einfluss über die Menschheit zu gewinnen.  Allerdings haben diese beiden Erklärungen mehr mit Volksgeschichten und Phantasie zu tun.  Die wahre Erklärung einer solchen Welt finden wir im Islam.  Wie für alles andere auch, hält der Islam eine Erklärung für die Sphäre des Unsichtbaren bereit.  Diese Sphäre so klärt uns der Islam auf, ist das Reich der \u011einn.  Die islamische Erklärung aus dem Reich der \u011einn  liefert uns so viele Antworten auf die Dinge, die sogar zu unserer heutigen modernen Zeit als Mysterien gelten.  Ohne Kenntnisse von dieser Welt wären die Muslime wie die Nicht-Muslime, sie würden herumlaufen und darauf warten, dass ihnen eine alte Antwort über den Weg läuft.  Also, wer oder was sind \u011einn?       <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Existenz   <\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Die \u011einn sind Wesen mit freiem Willen, die auf der Erde in einer parallelen Welt zur Menschheit leben.  Das arabische Wort \u011einn wird von dem Verb ´\u011eanna´ abgeleitet, das verstecken oder verbergen bedeutet.  Daher sind sie für den Menschen physikalisch unsichtbar, wie ihre Beschreibung vermuten lässt.  Diese Unsichtbarkeit ist einer der Gründe aus denen einige Menschen ihre Existenz leugnen.  Allerdings, (wie wir sehen werden) zeigt der Einfluss, den die Welt der \u011einn auf unsere Welt hat, genug, um diese moderne Verleugnung zurückzuweisen.  Die Ursprünge der \u011einn kann man in Qur´an und Sunnah zurückverfolgen.  Gott sagt:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und wahrlich, Wir haben den Menschen erschaffen aus trockenem, tönendem Lehm, aus schwarzem, zu Gestalt gebildetem Schlamm.  Und die \u011einn<\/em> erschufen Wir zuvor aus dem Feuer der sengenden Glut.” (Quran 15:26-27)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Also wurden die \u011einn vor den Menschen erschaffen.  Was ihren physikalischen Ursprung angeht, hat der Prophet, Gottes Segen und Frieden seien auf ihm, den Vers oben bestätigt, als er sagte: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Die Engel wurden aus Licht erschaffen und die \u011einn<\/em> aus rauchlosem Feuer.” (Sahieh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Es ist diese Beschreibung von den \u011einn, die uns so viel über sie erzählt.  Weil sie aus Feuer erschaffen wurden, ist ihre Natur allgemein feurig und daher baut auch ihre Beziehung zum Menschen darauf auf.  Wie die Menschen haben auch sie die Pflicht, Gott zu dienen und dem Islam zu folgen.  Ihr Lebensziel ist genau das gleiche wie unsers, denn Gott sagt:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und Ich habe die \u011einn<\/em> und die Menschen nur darum erschaffen, damit sie Mir dienen (sollen).” (Quran 51:56)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u011einn können also Muslime oder Nicht-Muslime sein.  Aufgrund ihrer feurigen Natur sind der Großteil von ihnen allerdings Nicht-Muslime.  Alle diese nicht-muslimischen \u011einn bilden einen Teil der Armee des berühmtesten \u011einn, Satan[1]<\/a>.  Dementsprechend werden diese den Glauben verweigernden \u011einn auch Teufel genannt.  \u011einn können aber auch Muslime werden, wie sie es zur Zeit des Propheten taten, als eine Gruppe von ihnen über die Qur´anrezitation erstaunt waren.  Gott befahl dem Propheten, Gottes Segen und Frieden seien auf ihm, den Menschen von diesem Ereignis zu berichten:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Sprich (O Muhammad): \"Es wurde mir offenbart, dass eine Schar der \u011einn<\/em> zuhörte und dann sagte: ´Wahrlich, wir haben einen wunderbaren Qur´an gehört, der zur Rechtschaffenheit leitet; so haben wir an ihn geglaubt, und wir werden unserem Herrn niemanden zur Seite stellen.´” (Quran 72:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

In vielen Aspekten ihrer Welt sind uns die \u011einn sehr ähnlich.  Sie essen und trinken, sie heiraten, haben Kinder und sie sterben.  Ihre Lebenszeit ist allerdings viel länger als unsere.  Wie wir werden sie auch zu einer Letzten Versammlung durch Gott, den Allerhöchsten, gerufen.  Sie werden mit der Menschheit am Tag des Gerichts anwesend sein und sie werden entweder ins Paradies oder zur Hölle gehen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Fähigkeiten  <\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Das, was die \u011einn ganz deutlich von den Menschen unterscheidet, sind ihre Kräfte und ihre Fähigkeiten.  Gott hat ihnen diese Kräfte als eine Prüfung für sie gegeben.  Wenn sie damit andere unterdrücken, werden sie dafür zur Verantwortung gezogen werden.  Wenn wir ihre Kräfte kennen, können wir oft die Mysterien, die uns umgeben, besser verstehen.  Eine dieser Kräfte, welche die \u011einn besitzen, ist dass sie jede physikalische Gestalt annehmen können, die sie wollen.  Daher können sie als Menschen, Tiere, Bäume und anderes in Erscheinung treten.  Tausende von Menschen auf der ganzen Welt haben seltsam aussehende Kreaturen beobachtet – und es scheint so, als gäbe es keine plausiblere Erklärung dafür, als dass es sich dabei um \u011einn handelte, die diese unterschiedlichen Gestalten angenommen hatten. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die Fähigkeit, sich des Verstandes und des Körpers eines anderen Geschöpfes zu bemächtigen und es zu besitzen, ist ebenfalls eine Kraft, die die \u011einn seit Jahrhunderten zahlreich anwenden.  Dies ist allerdings etwas, das ihnen verboten ist, weil es eine gewaltige Unterdrückung des anderen Geschöpfes bedeutet.  Wenn sie von einem Menschen Besitz ergreifen, hat das schon immer viel Aufmerksamkeit erregt.  Aber wirkliches Wissen über dieses Thema ist selten.  In den vergangenen dreißig Jahren wurde das Thema des Besitzergreifens kommerziell ausgenutzt.  Während der 70er wurden Filme wie \"Der Exorzist\" und \"Rosemarys Baby\" gedreht, um die Menschen von der Besitzergreifung zu informieren.  Weil diese Institutionen (die Filmindustrie) sehr stark von dem Christentum beeinflusst ist, existierte bei ihnen kaum Wissen über dieses Thema.  Anstatt die Menschen über die Besitzergreifung durch \u011einn aufzuklären, wurde mit Filmen wie \"Der Exorzist\" nur erreicht, die breite Öffentlichkeit zu Tode zu erschrecken!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 Nur durch den Islam können wir solche Phänomene verstehen.  Wir als Muslime wissen, dass \u011einn aus vielen Gründen Menschen besitzen können.  Manchmal ist es, weil der \u011einn oder seine Familie zufällig verletzt wurde.  Es könnte auch sein, dass der \u011einn sich in die Person verliebt hat.  Allerdings bemächtigt sich der \u011einn in den meisten Fällen lediglich eines Menschen, weil er einfach boshaft und schlecht ist.  Aus diesem Grund wurde uns befohlen, regelmäßig in unseren Häusern Qur´an zu rezitieren, wie der Prophet, Gottes Segen und Frieden seien auf ihm, sagte: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Wahrlich, Satan flieht von dem Haus, in dem Sura al-Baqarah (das 2. Kapitel des Qur´an) rezitiert wird.” (Al-Tirmidhi<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wenn jemand von einem \u011einn besessen wird, wird der Name Gottes verwendet, um diesen wieder zu vertreiben.  Wenn wir die Taten des Propheten und seiner Gefährten betrachten, finden wir zahlreiche Bittgebete, um die \u011einn auszutreiben.  Mit ihnen allen wird Gott gebeten, der besessenen Person zu helfen.  Wie gegensätzlich ist dies zu den modernen Exorzisten heutzutage.  Viele Exorzisten rufen neben Gott die Namen anderer an, um den \u011einn auszutreiben.  Wenn der \u011einn tatsächlich verschwindet, dann denken diese Menschen, dass ihre Art und Weise erfolgreich war.  Allerdings ist dies eine List des \u011einn, denn er weiß, wenn er dem Exorzisten gehorcht, dann hat er ihn dazu gebracht, andere neben Gott anzubeten.  Der \u011einn kommt meistens zurück, wenn der Exorzist geht, denn er weiß, dass ihn nichts davon abhalten kann, andere zu unterdrücken, als die Worte Gottes.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Es sind nicht immer nur Menschen, von denen Besitz ergriffen wird, sondern auch Tiere, Bäume und andere Objekte.  Indem er dies tut, hofft der bösartige \u011einn die Menschen dazu zu bringen, andere außer Gott anzubeten.  Das Besitzergreifen von Götzen ist eine Art dies zu tun.  Es ist noch gar nicht lange her, da schockierte das weltweite Phänomen von Hindu-Götzen, die Milch tranken, die Welt.  Von Bombay bis London, von Delhi bis California, schleckten zahllose Götzen Milch.  Ganesh der Elefantengott, Hanuman der Affengott und sogar Shiva lingam, das männliche Geschlechtsorgan (!), sie alle schienen die Milch zu saufen, als gäbe es kein morgen!  Unglücklicherweise waren die Menschen davon sehr angetan und viele zogen los, um die Hindu-Götzen zu füttern.  Dies war zweifellos die Heldentat eines \u011einn bei seinem klassischen Versuch, die Menschen dazu zu bewegen, falsche Göttern zu dienen.   <\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Im Gegensatz zum Christentum vertritt der Islam die Ansicht, dass Satan (Luzifer) ein \u011einn war und kein Engel.  Engel haben keinen freien Willen, um ungehorsam zu sein. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

 (teil 2 von 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Verborgene Aktivitäten der \u011einn   <\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Mit ihren Kräften des Fliegens und der Unsichtbarkeit sind die \u011einn die Meister bei den okkulten Aktivitäten.  Woodoo, Schwarze Magie, Poltergeister, Zauberei und Medien können mit der Welt der \u011einn erklärt werden, ebenso die Illusionen und Tricks der Zauberer.  Weil die \u011einn weite Strecken innerhalb weniger Sekunden zurücklegen können, ist ihr Wert für Zauberer unschätzbar.  Dafür, dass sie ihnen bei ihrer Zauberei helfen, verlangen die \u011einn von den Zauberern, dass sie ihnen und Satan dienen.  Also nehmen die Zauberer die \u011einn und Satan als Herrn neben Gott.  In unserer heutigen Zeit vollführen zweifellos viele Zauberer und Entertainer Tricks mit der Unterstützung der \u011einn.  Die Freiheitsstatue verschwinden zu lassen, über den Grand Canyon zu fliegen und ein Schiff aus dem Bermuda Dreieck wiederherzuholen, dies alles hat der jüdische Zauberer David Copperfield vollbracht.  Es gibt KEINE andere Möglichkeit, wie ein Mensch solche Dinge tun könnte, außer mit Hilfe von \u011einn.  Es wäre auch keine Überraschung, wenn David Copperfield seine Seele dem Satan persönlich verkauft hätte.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Eine der häufigsten Aktivitäten, die mit den \u011einn in Verbindung steht, ist die Wahrsagerei.  Vor dem Erscheinen des Propheten Muhammads waren Wahrsager und Astrologen weit verbreitet.  Diese Menschen pflegten ihre Gefährten von den \u011einn zu benutzen, um etwas über die Zukunft herauszufinden.  Die \u011einn gingen zum untersten Himmel und lauschten, was die Engel untereinander über zukünftige Ereignisse, die sie von Gott gehört hatten, sprachen.  Dann informierten die \u011einn die Wahrsager darüber.  Aus diesem Grund machten viele Wahrsager sehr präzise Voraussagen.  Seit dem Eintreffen des Propheten jedoch werden die Himmel sorgfältig von den Engeln bewacht, und jeder \u011einn, der versucht, zu lauschen, wird mit Meteoren (Sternschnuppen) beschossen:    <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und Wir haben ihn (den Himmel) vor jedem verfluchten Satan bewahrt; außer vor jenem, der heimlich lauscht, (und den) dann eine wirkungsvolle Flamme verfolgt.” (Quran 15:17-18)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Prophet sagte ebenfalls: “Sie (die \u011einn ) geben die Nachricht nach unten hin weiter, bis sie die Lippen eines Magiers oder eines Wahrsagers erreicht.  Manchmal überwältigt sie ein Meteor, bevor sie diese weitergeben können.  Wenn sie sie weitergegeben haben, bevor sie getroffen werden, fügen sie ihr noch einhundert Lügen hinzu.” (Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/strong>.  Hieraus geht deutlich hervor, warum die Vorhersagen, die von den Wahrsagern gemacht werden, manchmal zutreffen.  Aber es liefert auch gleichzeitig den Beweis dafür, warum sie auch so viele Falsche machen.  Männer wie Nostradamus sind Beispiele hierfür, denn manche seiner Vorhersagen von der Zukunft waren richtig, während viele andere vollkommen falsch waren.  Unglücklicherweise nimmt auch die Zahl der Wahrsager unter den Muslim zu.  Wenn man muslimische Länder, wie Marokko besucht, kann man erkennen, wieviel \u011einn – Wahrsager – Aktivität es dort tatsächlich gibt.  Wenn du in einer klaren Nacht in Marokko den Himmel beobachtest, wirst du sehen, wie der Himmel von Sternschnuppen erstrahlt!  Ein deutliches Zeichen für die Teufel, die von den Himmeln vertieben werden. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wahrsager arbeiten auch durch ihren Qarien<\/em>.  Der Qarien<\/em> ist der \u011einn, der für jeden Menschen als Gefährten bestimmt ist.  Es ist dieser \u011einn, der uns unsere Grundbegierden einflüstert und andauernd versucht, uns von der Rechtschaffenheit abzubringen.  Der Prophet sagte: “Jedem von uns ist ein Gefährte von den \u011einn zugeteilt.\"  Die Gefährten fragten: \"Auch dir, o Gesandter Gottes?\"  Und der Prophet antwortete: \"Auch mir, allerdings hat Gott mir gegen ihn geholfen und er ist Muslim geworden.  Jetzt sagt er mir nur (noch) Gutes.” (Sahieh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong>.  Weil der Qarien sein ganzes Leben lang bei der Person bleibt, weiß er, was der Person von der Wiege bis zum Grab widerfahren ist.  Indem er Kontakt zu seinem Qarien aufnimmt, ist der Wahrsager in der Lage, so zu tun, als sei er es, der alles von der Person weiß.  Er schaut in seine Kristallkugel oder in die Handfläche einer Person und erstaunt sie mit seinen Kenntnissen aus ihrem Leben, die sonst keiner kennt.  Die ernste Lage desjenigen, der zu einem Wahrsager geht, ist so, wie der Prophet uns mitgeteilt hat: “Das Gebet desjenigen, der sich einem Wahrsager nähert und ihn über etwas befragt, wird vierzig Tage oder Nächte lang nicht angenommen.” (Sahieh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong>und: “Wer sich einem Wahrsager nähert und glaubt, was er sagt, glaubt nicht an das, was Muhammad offenbart worden ist.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Einfluss der \u011einn ist aber nicht nur auf Wahrsager beschränkt.  Andere Aktivitäten wie Kontaktaufnahme zu Toten werden von \u011einn manipuliert.  ‘Charlie, bist du da?  Sprich zu uns, Charlie!’ sind die Art der Worte (Namen sind natürlich unterschiedlich), die ängstliche Verwandte ausrufen, um Kontakt mit ihren Geliebten aufzunehmen.  Und wenn der \u011einn beginnt, zu reden und als ´Charlie´ zu kommunizieren, dann führt er die Menschen erst richtig an der Nase herum.    <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Eine der größten Manipulationen der \u011einn ist durch Visionen.  Durch diese Visionen können die \u011einn möglicherweise noch mehr Menschen von Gottesdienst irreführen als auf irgend eine andere Weise.  Wenn jemand eine Vision vor seinen Augen sieht, ist es etwas, das für ihn nur sehr schwer zu erklären ist.  Nur wenn man Kenntnisse von der Welt der \u011einn besitzt und von Gott überzeugt ist, kann jemand eine solche Versuchung bekämpfen.  Die zahllosen Erscheinungen von Jesus Christus und der Jungfrau Maria waren über Jahrhunderte hinweg eine berühmte Wahl der Teufel.  Es scheint fast so, als sei das Irreführen von Christen die leichteste Übung der \u011einn!  Die Christen ließen sich nicht nur von diesen Visionen täuschen, sondern häufig besitzen die \u011einn auch Stimmen und beginnen zu sprechen.  Die Christen halten dies für die Stimmen der Engel und damit für einen Beweis ihres Glaubens.  Allerdings ist die Menge des unverständlichen Unsinns und Mülls, den man zu hören bekommt, ein klarer Beweis für die Tatsache, dass es in Wirklichkeit die Stimmen der Teufel sind.  Für andere Menschen sind Visionen von ihren Eltern oder Verwandten gewöhnliche Dinge.  Indem sie die Gestalt der Eltern von Menschen annehmen, können die \u011einn die Menschen davon überzeugen, dass sich die Seelen toter Menschen immer noch unter die Menschen auf der Erde mischen.  Aus diesem Grund glauben so viele Menschen an Geister. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Angriff satanischer Visionen hat auch die Muslime getroffen.  Viele Muslime behaupten, Erscheinungen vom Propheten Muhammad und sogar von Gott gesehen zu haben!  Indem er dies tut, ist Satan in der Lage, schwache Muslime irrezuführen.  In derartigen Visionen wird den Muslimen oft gesagt, dass die Anweisungen des Islam nicht für sie gelten.  Die \u011einn sagen ihnen, dass Gebet, Fasten, Ha\u011f\u011f, usw für sie keine Pflicht seien.  Dies ist eine große Täuschung und unglücklicherweise eine, die sehr wirkungsvoll war.  Die satanischen Erscheinungen gehen auch heute noch weiter.  Der Tod von Diana, Prinzessin von Wales, zeugte von gewaltiger Liebe und Anbetung für diese Frau.  Die Trauer der britischen Menschen war so groß, als wäre Diana etwas Göttliches.  Als die Trauer um Diana ihren Höhepunkt erreichte, wurden Erscheinungen von ihr am Hamton Court Palace gesichtet!  Falls diese Visionen tatsächlich aufgetreten sind, so war das Begehren von Satan und seiner Armee der \u011einn von diesem Ereignis zu profitieren offensichtlich.  Derartige Erscheinungen sind ganz klare Versuche des Satans, die Menschheit vom Weg Gottes wegzuführen. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Schutz vor den \u011einn<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Weil sie uns sehen können, wir sie aber nicht, hat uns der Prophet Muhammad viele Arten gelehrt, wie wir uns vor ihrem Schaden beschützen können, wie Zuflucht bei Allah (Gott) vor dem verfluchten Satan zu suchen, die Suren (Kapitel) 113 und 114 des Heiligen Qur´an zu rezitieren und die Worte zu rezitieren, die Gott uns im Qur´an lehrt:  “Und sprich: \"Mein Herr, ich nehme meine Zuflucht bei Dir vor den Einflüsterungen der Satane.  Und ich nehme meine Zuflucht bei Dir, mein Herr, damit sie sich mir nicht nähern.” (Quran  23:97-98)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Sagt: Bismillah (im Namen Allahs (Gottes)) bevor ihr eure Häuser betretet, bevor ihr esst oder trinkt und bevor ihr Gechlechtsverkehr habt, denn das wird den Satan daran hindern, eure Häuser zu betreten, an eurem Essen und Trinken oder an eurem Geschlechtsverkehr teilzuhaben.  Dementsprechend verhindert die Erwähnung von Allahs Namen, bevor man in die Toilette geht oder bevor man seine Kleidung auszieht, dass die \u011einn deine Scham sehen oder dir schaden, wie der Prophet uns mitgeteilt hat.  Stärke im Glauben und in der Religion allgemein schützt die Person vor Schaden durch die \u011einn. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Den Vers Ajat ul-Kursi auf arabisch zu rezitieren liefert auch einen starken Schutz vor den \u011einn, wie wir aus der Geschichte von Abu Hurairah (einem Gefährten Muhammads) mit einem Teufel lernen.[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Und der Prophet Muhammad sagte ebenfalls: “Macht eure Häuser nicht zu Gräbern, denn der Satan flieht aus einem Haus, in dem Sura al-Baqara [Kapitel 2] rezitierte wird.” (Überliefert bei Sahieh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Diese arabischen Verse und Aussagen des Propheten sind ein paar Beispiele dafür wie ein Muslim Schutz vor den \u011einn erhält.  Der Islam lehrt uns, mit allen Geschöpfen Gottes auszukommen – und nicht nur mit den \u011einn.  Ein wahrer Muslim sollte weder den Satan noch die \u011einn fürchten, denn der Islam belehrte uns über sie und darüber, wie wir Schutz vor ihrem Übel erhalten. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die Welt der \u011einn ist sowohl unheilvoll, böse als auch hochinteressant.  Wenn wir von dieser Welt wissen, sind wir in der Lage, viele von den Mysterien und den Dingen zu erklären, die uns begegnen.  Indem wir das tun, können wir die Exreme vermeiden, zu denen die Menschen gelangt sind; nichts ist extremer als andere neben Gott anzubeten.  Indem wir den Monotheismus Gottes erlernen, können wir uns gegen diese versteckten Verbündeten Satans zur Wehr setzen:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Wahrlich, er (Satan) sieht euch, er und seine Schar, von wo ihr sie nicht seht.” (Quran 7:27)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Abu Hurairah (ein Gefährte Muhammads) sagte: \"Der Prophet Muhammad setzte mich als Wächter über das Pflicht-Almosen ein, das im Monat Ramadhan gesammelt worden war.  Jemand kam und nahm ein paar Lebensmittel davon weg.  Ich hielt ihn fest und sagte: \"Ich muss dich zum Propheten Gottes bringen.\"  Er antwortete: \"Ich bin ein bedürftiger Mann mit einer großen Familie, und ich habe es dringend nötig.\"  Also ließ ich ihn gehen.  Als ich am nächsten Morgen den Propheten traf, fragte er mich: \"O Abu Hurairah! Was tat dein Gefangener letzte Nacht?\"  Ich antwortete: \"O Prophet Gottes!  Er beklagte seine dringende Bedürftigkeit und eine große Familie.  Da hatte ich Mitleid mit ihm und ließ ihn gehen.\"  Der Prophet sagte: \"Er hat dir eine Lüge erzählt und er wird wieder kommen.\"  Aufgrund dieser Aussage des Propheten war ich mir sicher, dass er wiederkehren würde.  Ich wartete auf ihn.  Er schlich sich wieder an und begann wieder, Lebensmittel von dem Almosen zu stehlen.  Ich fing ihn und sagte: \"Ich muss dich zum Propheten bringen.\"  Er erwiederte: \"Lass mich gehen, ich bin ein bedürftiger Mann.  Ich muss eine große Familie versorgen.  Ich werde nicht zurückkommen.\"  Da bekam ich wieder Mitleid und ließ ihn gehen.  Bei Sonnenaufgang ging ich zum Propheten, der mich fragte: \"O Abu Hurairah!  Was tat dein Gefangener letzte Nacht?\"  Ich antwortete: \"O Prophet Gottes!  Er beklagte seine dringende Bedürftigkeit und eine große Familie.  Da hatte ich Mitleid mit ihm und ließ ihn gehen.\"  Der Prophet sagte: \"Er hat dir eine Lüge erzählt und er wird wieder kommen.\"  (Dieser Mann) kam wieder, um Lebensmittel zu stehlen.  Ich fing ihn und sagte: \"Ich muss dich zum Propheten Gottes bringen, und dies ist das letzte von drei Malen.  Du hast mir versprochen, du würdest nicht wieder kommen, aber du kamst doch.\"  Er antwortete: \"Lass mich gehen und ich werde dir einige Worte beibringen, die dir bei Gott Nutzen bringen werden.\"  Ich fragte: \"Welche sind diese Worte?\"  Er antwortete: \"Wenn du schlafen gehst, rezitiere Ajat al-Kursi (Qur´an 2:255), dann wird von Gott ein Hüter über dich bestimmt und kein Teufel wird sich dir nähern können bis zum Morgen.\"  Da ließ ich ihn gehen.  Am nächsten Morgen fragte mich der Prophet Gottes: \"Was tat dein Gefangener letzte Nacht?\"  Ich antwortete: \"Er versprach mir ein paar Worte beizubringen, von denen er behauptete, sie würden mir bei Gott Nutzen bringen.  Da ließ ich ihn gehen.\"  Der Prophet fragte: \"Was waren diese Worte, die er dich lehrte?\"  Ich antwortete: \"Er sagte zu mir, wenn du schlafen gehst, rezitiere Ajat al-Kursi von ihrem Anfang bis zum Ende und dadurch, dass du sie rezitierst, wird von Gott ein Hüter über dich bestimmt, der dich in der Nacht beschützen wird, und kein Teufel wird sich dir nähern können bis zum Morgen.\"  Der Prophet sagte: \"Wahrhaftig, er hat dir die Wahrheit gesagt, obwohl er ein Lügner ist.  O Abu Hurairah!  Weisst du, mit wem du die letzten drei Nächte gesprochen hast?\"  Ich sagte: \"Nein.\"  Der Prophet antwortete: \"Das war ein Teufel.\" (berichtet bei Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":16341,"lft":1142,"rght":1143,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-07T00:08:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T08:10:25.000000Z","language_id":7,"user_id":7,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":18,"parent_id":683,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"Doctrine & Sects","category_slug":"Doctrine-and-Sects","get_date":"2014-08-07","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-The World of the Jinn.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-The World of the Jinn.docx"},{"id":687,"title":"\u041c\u0438\u0440 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432","slug":"-dhdhh","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-The World of the Jinn.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-The World of the Jinn.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:-dhdhh","hint":"","body":"

\u041c\u0438\u0440 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/span><\/h1>\r\n


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<\/h1>\r\n

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\u0412\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0430\u043c. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0442\u043e (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e) \u0436\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432   <\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u0414\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b – \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435, \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435, \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443. \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e «\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d» \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 «\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430» – \u043f\u0440\u044f\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0445. \u0418, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a  \u0411\u043e\u0436\u044c\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u0421\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0430:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0432\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u044f\u0437\u0438. \u0410 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u041c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 15:26-27)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u041d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u0430 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c – \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, – \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u044f:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0410\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b – \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u044b\u043c\u0430» (\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u041c\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c)<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u0433\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430. \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u042f \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u041c\u043d\u0435» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 51:56)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b-\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0430 – \u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b. \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0435, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043b \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438: «\u041c\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438: «\u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d.  \u041e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043a \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 72:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0414\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u044f\u0442, \u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442, \u0436\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043c\u044b, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0410 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 \u0420\u0430\u0439, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 \u0410\u0434.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u0422\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f – \u0442\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b \u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u0432 \u0443\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445, \u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044b\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e-\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043d\u0430\u0441. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 – \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0442.\u043f. \u0422\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0415\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 – \u043e\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0443\u0436\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e  \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 «\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430» \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0415\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432, \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442, \u0438 \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0443. \u0412 70-\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043c\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a «\u0418\u0437\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430» \u0438 «\u0420\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0420\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438» \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u043e \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e (\u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c) \u0438\u0437 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u041a \u0441\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u0418 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043c\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0445.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u041c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c. \u0418\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434 (\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e). \u0418\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d \u0432\u043b\u044e\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u041d\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430 (2-\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430)» (\u0422\u0438\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438)<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d \u0432\u0441\u0435-\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u044b \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u043b \u0418\u043c\u044f \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445! \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b – \u0445\u0438\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u0414\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443-\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041d\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043d, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f (\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0443), \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0418\u043c\u044f \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0414\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f… \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0443 «\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0434\u043e» \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440. \u041e\u0442 \u0411\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0435\u044f \u0434\u043e \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e! \u0413\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448 (\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430), \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d (\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u0433), \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430\u043c \u0428\u0438\u0432\u044b (\u043c\u0443\u0436\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d (!)) \u0436\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e! \u041a \u0441\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u043f\u044b \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c, \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0431\u044b \u0443\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c «\u0447\u0443\u0434\u043e». \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c, \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0439.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

(\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2 \u0438\u0437 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439. \u0412\u0443\u0434\u0443, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0443\u043c\u044b – \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u043a  \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0442\u0440\u044e\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u044b\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u044b. \u0412 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u044e\u043a\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u0418\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0438 \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434-\u041a\u0430\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0443\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 – \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043a \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043f\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0430. \u0427\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u041d\u0418\u041a\u041e\u0413\u0414\u0410 \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0430. \u041d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041a\u043e\u043f\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0443 \u0421\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0427\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u0414\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0433\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0441 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435. \u041d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430: \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430. \u0410 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u044f\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0447» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 15:17-18)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: «\u0423\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0432 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u0437, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0443\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0443, \u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434»(\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438)<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u042f\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043c \u041d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0430. \u0414\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u0441\u044f. \u041a \u0441\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u0430\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043a\u043e, \u0433\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044b. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434 – \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044b \u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 – \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043f\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043e \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041a \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d». \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438: «\u0414\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043a \u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435, \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430?» «\u0414\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435», – \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, – «\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043c\u043e\u044e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e». (\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u041c\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c)<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0441\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u0441 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0440\u044f\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0440 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043d\u044c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b «\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c». \u0412 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439» (\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u041c\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c)<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041a\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c, \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0443»<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u0415\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0443\u043d \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043e\u043f\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c: «\u0422\u044b \u0442\u0443\u0442, \u0427\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0438? \u041f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438!» \u0438 \u0442.\u043f. \u0418 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 «\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e» – \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c «\u0427\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0438» \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0439, \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e, \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430. \u041e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0412\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435  \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0423\u0436\u0435 \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d. \u0418\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c! \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0442\u044b. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0432\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0443, \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u0434\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0443-\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0443\u0445\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u0414\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u0430 \u043c\u044b \u0438\u0445 – \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043b\u0430. \u0423\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0440 \u0438\u0437 \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u0443\u0440\u044b 113 \u0438 114) \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u044f\u0442\u044b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438: «\u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0438! \u042f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u044e \u043a \u0422\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u042f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u044e \u043a \u0422\u0435\u0431\u0435, \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u0434\u0430\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 23:97-98)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0435\u0434\u043e\u0439, \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 «\u0431\u0438\u0441\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0445» (\u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430), \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438  \u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u0423\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435  \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u044b, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0443 \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043b\u043e, \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0427\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u044f\u0442\u0430 «\u0410\u043b\u044c-\u041a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438» \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 2:255) – \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442  \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431 \u0410\u0431\u0443 \u0425\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0440\u0435 (\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430)[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0415\u0449\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043b\u044b, \u0438\u0431\u043e \u0421\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430» (\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u041c\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c)<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u044f\u0442\u044b (\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435) \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438  \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0438 \u043e \u043d\u0438\u0445, \u0438 \u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0445.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041c\u0438\u0440 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439. \u041e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e \u043d\u0435\u043c, \u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0443\u0436\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0410 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0436\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435<\/strong> \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443? \u0418\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0435, \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043e\u043d \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 7:27)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0410\u0431\u0443 \u0425\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0440\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043c \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0420\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u044f\u0442, \u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0451\u043b \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0448\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0435\u0434\u0443. \u042f \u0441\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: «\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u044f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442!» \u041e\u043d \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: «\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u044f \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c, \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0438 \u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435!» \u0418 \u044f \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f: «\u041e \u0410\u0431\u0443 \u0425\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0440\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a?» \u042f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b: «\u041e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u043e\u043d \u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b». \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: «\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u043e\u043d \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u043b \u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435, \u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f». \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u044f 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\u041e\u043d \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e, \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0445. \u041e\u043d – \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/em><\/strong>» \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430!», - \u0438 \u044f \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f: «\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a?» \u042f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b: «\u041e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u043e\u043d \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f, \u0438 \u044f \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e». \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b: «\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430?» \u042f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b: «\u041e\u043d \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u043c\u043d\u0435: «\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0448\u044c \u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0430\u044f\u0442 \u0422\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430, \u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u043e\u043d \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u043c\u043d\u0435: «\u0421 \u0442\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430!» \u0412\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f, \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: «\u041e\u043d \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0443, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d - \u043e\u0442\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0436\u0435\u0446! \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0447\u0438, \u043e \u0410\u0431\u0443 \u0425\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0440\u0430?» \u042f \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: «\u041d\u0435\u0442». \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: «\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0448\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d» (\u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13115,"lft":1144,"rght":1145,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-07T00:08:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T09:32:37.000000Z","language_id":5,"user_id":7,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":18,"parent_id":683,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"Doctrine & Sects","category_slug":"Doctrine-and-Sects","get_date":"2014-08-07","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-The World of the Jinn.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-The World of the Jinn.docx"},{"id":688,"title":"O Mundo dos G\u00eanios","slug":"o-mundo-dos-gnios","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-The World of the Jinn.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-The World of the Jinn.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:o-mundo-dos-gnios","hint":"","body":"

O Mundo dos Gênios<\/span><\/h1>\r\n


<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>\r\n

 (parte 1 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Através da história o homem sempre teve uma profunda atração pelo sobrenatural e o oculto.  A existência de um mundo paralelo ao seu sempre fascinou as pessoas.  Esse mundo é comumente chamado de o mundo dos espíritos e quase todo grupo de pessoas tem algum conceito sobre ele.  Para algumas pessoas esses espíritos não são mais que almas de pessoas mortas ou fantasmas.  Para outros, os espíritos são forças do bem ou do mal – em batalha para conquistar a influência sobre a humanidade.  Entretanto, ambas as explicações estão mais para lenda e fantasia.  A verdadeira explicação desse mundo vem do Islã.  Como todos os outros caminhos, o Islã também reivindica explicar o campo do desconhecido.  É desse campo que o Islã nos explica sobre o mundo dos gênios.  A explicação islâmica dos gênios nos fornece muitas respostas a mistérios dos dias atuais.  Sem o conhecimento desse mundo os muçulmanos se tornariam como os não-muçulmanos e estariam procurando por qualquer velha resposta que atravessassem seus caminhos.  Então, quem ou o quê são os gênios?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Existência<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Os gênios são seres criados com livre arbítrio, vivendo na terra em um mundo paralelo ao da humanidade.  A palavra árabe Jinn vem do verbo ‘Janna’ que significa esconder ou ocultar.  Sendo assim, eles são fisicamente invisíveis para o homem como a descrição sugere.  Essa invisibilidade é uma das razões pelas quais algumas pessoas negam sua existência.  Entretanto, (como será visto) o efeito que o mundo dos gênios tem sobre nosso mundo é suficiente para refutar essa negação moderna de uma das criações de Deus.  As origens dos gênios pode ser traçada a partir do Alcorão e da Sunnah.  Deus diz:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Criamos o homem de argila, de barro modelável. Antes dele, havíamos criado os gênios de fogo puríssimo.” (Alcorão 15:26-27)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Portanto, os gênios foram criados antes do homem.  Em relação à sua origem física, o Profeta, que a misericórdia e as bênçãos de Deus estejam sobre ele, confirmou o versículo acima quando disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Os anjos foram criados da luz e os gênios do fogo sem fumaça.” (Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

É essa descrição dos gênios que nos diz muito sobre eles.  Como foram criados do fogo, sua natureza é geralmente irascível e foi com base nela que sua relação com o homem foi construída.  Também é requerido deles que adorem a Deus e sigam o Islã, assim como os humanos.  Seu propósito na vida é exatamente o mesmo que o nosso, como diz Deus:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Não criei os gênios e a humanidade exceto para que Me adorassem.” (Alcorão 51:56)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Os gênios podem ser muçulmanos ou não-muçulmanos.  Entretanto, devido à sua natureza irascível, a maioria deles não é muçulmana.  Todos esses gênios não-muçulmanos formam uma parte do exército do gênio mais famoso, Satanás[1]<\/a>.  Consequentemente, esses gênios descrentes também são chamados demônios.  Os gênios também se tornam muçulmanos, como fizeram na época do Profeta, que a misericórdia e as bênçãos de Deus estejam sobre ele, quando um grupo deles ficou admirado pela recitação do Alcorão.  Deus ordena o Profeta a contar às pessoas sobre esse evento:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Dize (Ó Muhammad): Foi-me revelado que um grupo de gênios escutou (a recitação do Alcorão). Disseram: Em verdade, ouvimos um Alcorão admirável, Que guia à verdade, pelo que nele cremos, e jamais atribuiremos parceiro algum ao nosso Senhor.” (Alcorão 72:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Em muitos aspectos de seu mundo, os gênios são muito semelhantes a nós.  Comem e bebem, casam, têm filhos e morrem.  Sua expectativa de vida, entretanto, é muito maior que a nossa.  Como nós, também serão sujeitos à Prestação de Contas Final a Deus, o Altíssimo.  Também estarão presentes com a humanidade no Dia do Juízo e irão para o Paraíso ou Inferno.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Habilidades<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

O que claramente distingue os gênios da humanidade são seus poderes e habilidades.  Deus deu a eles esses poderes como um teste.  Se os usarem para oprimir outros, serão responsabilizados.  Ao saber de seus poderes podemos entender muito dos mistérios que nos cercam.  Um dos poderes dos gênios é o de serem capazes de assumir a forma física do que desejarem.  Assim, podem aparecer como humanos, animais, árvores e qualquer outra coisa.  Milhares de pessoas avistaram criaturas de aparência estranha no mundo todo – parece mais plausível que todas essas criaturas avistadas tenham sido gênios se apresentando em diferentes formas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A habilidade de possuir e controlar as mentes e corpos de outras criaturas também é um poder que os gênios têm utilizado muito ao longo dos séculos.  Isso, entretanto, é algo que lhes foi proibido e é uma grande opressão possuir outro ser.  Possessão humana é algo que sempre despertou grande atenção.  Mas o verdadeiro conhecimento desse assunto é raro.  Ao longo das últimas 3 décadas a possessão se tornou um assunto muito comercializado.  Durante a década de 70, filmes como O Exorcista e o Bebê de Rosemary foram usados para educar as pessoas sobre possessão.  Entretanto, como essas instituições (a indústria cinematográfica) eram fortemente influenciadas pelo Cristianismo, o conhecimento do assunto não existia.  Ao invés de educar as pessoas sobre a possessão dos gênios, filmes como O Exorcista apenas tendiam a nos assustar!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Somente através do Islã podemos entender esse fenômeno.  Como muçulmanos sabemos que os gênios possuem pessoas por muitas razões.  Algumas vezes é porque o gênio ou sua família foram acidentalmente feridos.  Pode ser porque o gênio se apaixonou pela pessoa.  Entretanto, na maioria das vezes a possessão ocorre porque o gênio simplesmente é malicioso e perverso.  Por essa razão nos foi ordenado recitar o Alcorão com frequência em nossas casas como o Profeta, que a misericórdia e bênçãos de Deus estejam sobre ele, disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“De fato, Satanás foge da casa na qual a surata Al-Baqarah (o segundo capítulo do Alcorão) é recitada.” (Al-Tirmidhi<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Se uma pessoa é possuída, então o nome de Deus deve ser usado para expulsar o gênio.  Se olharmos para a prática do Profeta e seus companheiros, encontramos muitas invocações para exorcizar os gênios.  Todas invocam Deus para ajudar a pessoa possuída.  O quanto isso contraria os exorcistas dos dias atuais.  Muitos exorcistas invocam os nomes de outros ao lado de Deus para exorcizar o gênio.  Quando o gênio parte, essas pessoas acreditam que sua maneira foi bem-sucedida.  Entretanto, essa é uma manobra do gênio, já que sabe que se obedecer ao exorcista terá tido sucesso em fazê-lo adorar outro ao lado de Deus.  O gênio geralmente retorna quando o exorcista se vai, já que sabe que nada exceto as palavras de Deus podem impedi-lo de oprimir outros.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Não são apenas os humanos que são possuídos, mas também animais, árvores e outros objetos, e com isso o demônio espera fazer com que as pessoas adorem outros além de Deus. A possessão de ídolos tem o mesmo objetivo.  Não muito tempo atrás um fenômeno mundial de ídolos hindus que bebiam leite chocou o mundo.  De Bombaim a Londres, de Deli a Califórnia, ídolos incontáveis estavam bebendo leite.  Ganesha, o deus-elefante, Hanuman o deus-macaco e até Shiva Lingam, o órgão sexual masculino (!), todos pareciam beber leite como se não houvesse amanhã! Infelizmente pessoas foram levadas por essa situação e muitas correram para alimentar os deuses hindus.  Esse feito foi sem dúvida provocado pelos gênios, como uma tentativa clássica de fazer pessoas adorarem falsos deuses.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Ao contrário do Cristianismo, o Islã mantém que Satanás (Lúcifer) era dos gênios e não um anjo. Anjos não têm um livre arbítrio para desobedecer.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

(parte 2 de 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Atividades Ocultas dos Gênios<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Através de seus poderes de voar e invisibilidade, os gênios são o componente principal em atividades ocultas.  Vodu, magia negra, poltergeists, bruxaria e mediunidade podem ser explicados através do mundo dos gênios.  O mesmo se aplica às ilusões e truques de mágica.  Como os gênios podem cruzar enormes distâncias em questão de segundos, têm um grande valor para os mágicos.  Em troca de ajudá-los em sua mágica, os gênios frequentemente pedem aos mágicos que os adorem e a Satanás.  Dessa forma os mágicos tomam os gênios e Satanás como senhores ao lado de Deus.  Nos dias atuais alguns dos truques realizados por mágicos e artistas são sem dúvida feitos com a ajuda dos gênios.  Fazer a Estátua da Liberdade desaparecer, voar através do Grande Cânion e reter um navio no Triângulo das Bermudas foram truques feitos pelo mágico judeu David Copperfield.  NÃO existe forma de um homem fazer essas coisas sem a ajuda dos gênios.  Não seria surpresa, portanto, se David Copperfield tivesse vendido sua alma ao próprio Satanás.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Uma das atividades mais frequentes associadas com os gênios é ler a sorte.  Antes do advento do Profeta Muhammad os adivinhos eram muito difundidos.  Essas pessoas usavam seus associados entre os gênios para saber sobre o futuro.  Os gênios iam ao nível mais baixo do paraíso e ouviam os anjos conversando entre si sobre os eventos do futuro que ouviam de Deus.  Os gênios então informavam aos adivinhos.  É por isso que antes da época do Profeta muitos adivinhos eram muito precisos em suas predições.  Entretanto, com a chegada do Profeta os céus foram guardados intensamente pelos anjos e qualquer gênio que tentasse ouvir era atacado por meteoros (estrelas cadentes):<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“E guardamos os céus de todo demônio e aquele que tentar espreitar persegui-lo-á um meteoro flamejante.” (Alcorão 15:18)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Profeta também disse: “Eles (os gênios) passavam a informação até que alcançasse os lábios de um mágico ou adivinho. Às vezes um meteoro os colhia antes que pudessem passá-la adiante.<\/strong> <\/strong>Se a passassem adiante antes de serem atingidos, acrescentavam centenas de mentiras.” (Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/strong>.  Sendo assim, está claro como às vezes os adivinhos obtêm predições corretas do futuro.  Também está evidente o porquê de fazê-las muito erradas.   Homens como Nostradamus são um exemplo, uma vez que algumas de suas predições do futuro estavam corretas enquanto muitas estavam completamente erradas.  Infelizmente a adivinhação entre os muçulmanos também está aumentando.  Ao visitar terras muçulmanas como Marrocos, pode-ser ver quanta atividade entre gênios e adivinhos realmente existe.  Se olhar para o céu em uma noite clara no Marrocos, verá os céus inflamados com estrelas cadentes! Uma demonstração clara dos demônios sendo afugentados dos céus.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Adivinhos também operam através do Qareen<\/em>.  O Qareen<\/em> é um gênio companheiro que é atribuído a cada ser humano.  É esse gênio que sussurra para nossos desejos mais baixos e constantemente tenta nos desviar da retidão.  O Profeta disse: “Cada um de vocês recebeu um gênio como companheiro. Os companheiros perguntaram: Até você, Ó Mensageiro de Deus? E o Profeta respondeu: Até eu, exceto que Deus me ajudou contra ele e o fez se tornar um muçulmano. Agora ele só me diz para fazer o bem.” (Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong>.  Como o Qareen está com a pessoa toda sua vida, ele sabe de tudo que aconteceu com a pessoa do berço ao túmulo.  Ao fazer contato com o Qareen o adivinho é capaz de fingir que é ele quem sabe sobre a pessoa.  Olha em sua bola de cristal ou na palma da mão de uma pessoa e continua a admirá-la com seu conhecimento do que ninguém mais sabe.  A gravidade de ir a um adivinho é tanta que o Profeta disse:“A oração daquele que se aproxima de um adivinho e pergunta a ele sobre qualquer coisa não será aceita por quarenta dias ou noites.” (Saheeh Muslim<\/em>) <\/strong>e: “Quem quer que se aproxime de um adivinho e crê no que ele diz, duvidou do que foi revelado a Muhammad.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Os efeitos dos gênios não são limitados somente aos adivinhos.  Outras atividades como tabuleiro ouija e sessões espíritas, que são usados para contatar os mortos, são manipulados pelos gênios.  ‘Você está aí Charlie?  Fale conosco, Charlie!!’ são as palavras usadas por parentes ansiosos (os nomes obviamente são diferentes!) em busca de contato com seus entes queridos.  E é quando os gênios começam a falar e se comunicar como ‘Charlie’ que as pessoas são enganadas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Uma das maiores manipulações dos gênios são as visões.  Através dessas visões os gênios conseguem afastar as pessoas da adoração de Deus mais do que qualquer outra forma.  Quando uma pessoa tem uma visão é muito difícil de explicar.  Somente tendo conhecimento do mundo dos gênios e convicção em Deus a pessoa pode lutar contra esse teste.  As incontáveis visões de Jesus Cristo e da Virgem Maria ao longo dos séculos tem sido uma escolha popular dos demônios.  Parece até que desviar os cristãos é o truque mais fácil para os gênios!  Os cristãos não são apenas enganados por essas visões, mas os gênios os possuem e começam a falar com suas vozes.  Para os cristãos isso é conhecido com as línguas dos anjos e, portanto, uma prova de sua fé.  Entretanto, a quantidade de bobagem sem sentido que é ouvida é uma prova clara que, de fato, se trata das línguas dos demônios!  Para outras pessoas as visões de seus pais ou parentes são comuns.  Ao assumirem a forma dos pais de alguém os gênios podem convencer que as almas dos mortos continuam a se misturar com as pessoas da terra.  É por isso que tantas pessoas acreditam em fantasmas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O ataque de visões satânicas também atingiu os muçulmanos.  Muitos muçulmanos alegam terem tido visões do Profeta Muhammad e até mesmo de Deus!  Ao fazer isso Satanás foi capaz de desviar os muçulmanos fracos.  Através dessas visões é dito aos muçulmanos que os mandamentos do Islã não se aplicam a eles.  Os gênios dizem que a oração, o jejum, a peregrinação, etc., não são obrigatórios para eles.  É um grande engodo e, infelizmente, tem sido muito efetivo.  A extensão das visões satânicas continua até hoje.  A morte recente da Princesa Diana de Wales despertou grande amor e adoração por essa mulher.  De fato, o sofrimento do povo britânico foi tanto que parecia que Diana era algo divino.  Logo depois que o luto por Diana tinha alcançado seu auge começaram as visões dela no Palácio de Hampton!  Se essas visões ocorreram, é evidente o desejo de Satanás e seu exército de gênios de se aproveitar desse evento.  Essas visões são tentativas claras de Satanás de desviar a humanidade do caminho de Deus.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Proteção contra os Gênios<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Como os gênios podem nos ver e nós não podemos vê-los, o Profeta Muhammad nos ensinou muitas formas de nos protegermos deles, como buscar refúgio em Allah (Deus) do Satanás amaldiçoado, recitar os capítulos 113 e 114 do Alcorão Sagrado e recitar palavras ensinadas por Deus no Alcorão: “E dize: Ó Senhor meu, em Ti me amparo contra as insinuações dos demônios! E em Ti me amparo, ó Senhor meu, para que não se aproximem (de mim).” (Alcorão 23:97-98)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dizer Bismillah (em Nome de Allah (Deus)) antes de entrar em casa, antes de comer ou beber e antes de ter relações sexuais também prevenirão Satanás de entrar na casa ou compartilhar com a pessoa de sua comida, bebida ou atividade sexual. Da mesma forma, mencionar o nome de Allah antes de entrar no banheiro ou tirar as roupas prevenirá os gênios de ver as partes íntimas da pessoa ou prejudicá-la, como o Profeta disse.  Em geral, força na fé e na religião também prevenirá os gênios de prejudicarem uma pessoa.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Recitar o versículo Al-Kursi em árabe (Alcorão 2:255) também fornece uma forte proteção contra os gênios, como aprendemos da história de Abu Hurairah (um dos companheiros de Muhammad) com um demônio.[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Profeta Muhammad também disse: “Não tornem suas casas semelhantes a cemitérios, porque Satanás foge de uma casa na qual o capítulo al-Baqarah [capítulo 2] é recitado.” (Narrado por Saheeh Muslim<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Esses versículos árabes e ditos proféticos são alguns exemplos de como um muçulmano pode se proteger dos gênios.  O Islã nos ensina a lidar com todas as criações de Deus – e não apenas os gênios.  Um verdadeiro muçulmano não deve temer Satanás ou os gênios, porque o Islã nos ensina sobre eles e a como nos protegermos de seu mal.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O mundo dos gênios é ao mesmo tempo sinistro e intrigante.  Ao saber desse mundo podemos explicar muitos dos mistérios e questões que nos incomodam.  E fazendo isso podemos evitar os extremos nos quais as pessoas tem caído; nada pode ser mais extremo do que adorar outros ao lado de Deus.  Aprendendo o monoteísmo de Deus nos defendemos desses aliados ocultos de Satanás:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ele (Satanás) e seus asseclas vos espreitam, de onde não os vedes.” (Alcorão 7:27)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Abu Hurairah (um companheiro de Muhammad) disse: “O Profeta Muhammad me encarregou da caridade compulsória coletada no mês de Ramadã. Alguém veio e começou a levar alguma comida. Eu o peguei e disse: ‘Devo levá-lo ao Profeta de Deus.’ Ele respondeu: ‘Sou um homem necessitado com uma família grande.’  Então eu o deixei ir. Quando vi o Profeta na manhã seguinte ele me perguntou: ‘Ó Abu Hurairah! O que seu cativo fez noite passada?’ Eu disse: ‘Ó Profeta de Deus! Ele se queixou de uma necessidade urgente e de uma família grande. Fiquei com pena dele e o deixei ir.’  O profeta disse: ‘Ele mentiu e voltará.’  Estava certo, de acordo com o dito do Profeta, de que ele voltaria. Esperei por ele.  Ele entrou furtivamente de novo e começou a roubar comida da caridade. Eu o peguei e disse:  ‘Devo levá-lo ao Profeta.’ Ele respondeu: ‘Deixe-me ir, sou um homem necessitado. Tenho que arcar com as despesas de uma família grande. Não voltarei.’ Fiquei com pena dele e o deixei ir. Na alvorada fui até o Profeta que me perguntou: ‘Ó Abu Hurairah! O que seu cativo fez noite passada?’ Respondi: ‘Ó Profeta de Deus! Ele se queixou de uma necessidade urgente e do peso de uma família grande. Fiquei com pena dele e o deixei ir.’  O Profeta respondeu: ‘Ele mentiu e voltará.’  (Aquele homem) veio novamente roubar comida. O prendi e disse: ‘Devo levá-lo ao Profeta de Deus e esta é a última de três vezes. Você prometeu que não voltaria, mas voltou.’  Ele respondeu: ‘Deixe-me ir e lhe ensinarei algumas palavras com as quais Deus lhe beneficiará.’ Perguntei: ‘que palavras são essas?’ Ele respondeu: ‘Quando for dormir recite o versículo Al-Kursi  (Alcorão 2:255), que existirá um guardião para você nomeado por Deus, e nenhum demônio será capaz de se aproximar até de manhã.’  Então eu o deixei ir. Na manhã seguinte o Profeta de Deus me perguntou: ‘O que seu prisioneiro fez na noite passada?’ Respondi: ‘Prometeu me ensinar algumas palavras que ele alega que me beneficiarão perante Deus. Então o deixei ir.’  O Profeta perguntou: ‘Que palavras ele ensinou a você?’ Respondi: ‘Ele disse: Quando for dormir recite o versículo Al-Kursi  (Alcorão 2:255), que existirá um guardião para você nomeado por Deus, e nenhum demônio será capaz de se aproximar até de manhã.’ O Profeta disse: ‘Ele falou a verdade, embora seja um mentiroso.  Ó Abu Hurairah!Você sabe com quem esteve falando pelas últimas três noites?’ Eu disse: ‘Não.’ O profeta respondeu: ‘Aquele era um demônio.’” (Narrado em Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

<\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":14066,"lft":1146,"rght":1147,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-07T00:08:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T09:20:42.000000Z","language_id":15,"user_id":7,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":18,"parent_id":683,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"Doctrine & Sects","category_slug":"Doctrine-and-Sects","get_date":"2014-08-07","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-The World of the Jinn.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-The World of the Jinn.docx"},{"id":980,"title":"A History of the Hajj","slug":"a-history-of-the-hajj","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-A History of the Hajj.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-A History of the Hajj.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:a-history-of-the-hajj","hint":"","body":"

A History of the Hajj<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

Hajj literally means ‘to set out for a place’.  Islamicly, however, it refers to the annual pilgrimage that Muslims make to Makkah with the intention of performing certain religious rites in accordance with the method prescribed by the Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Hajj and its rites were first ordained by God in the time of the Prophet Abraham and he was the one who was entrusted by God to build the Kaaba - the House of God - along with his son Ishmael at Makkah.  God described the Kaaba and its building as follows:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And remember when We showed Abraham the site of the [Sacred] House [saying]: Associate not anything [in worship with Me and purify My House for those who circumambulate it [i.e. perform Tawaaf<\/em>] and those who stand up for prayer and those who bow down and make prostration [in prayer etc.].”  (Quran 22:26)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

After building the Kaaba, Abraham would come to Makkah to perform Hajj every year, and after his death, this practice was continued by his son.  However, gradually with the passage of time, both the form and the goal of the Hajj rites were changed.  As idolatry spread throughout Arabia, the Kaaba lost its purity and idols were placed inside it.  Its walls became covered with poems and paintings, including one of Jesus and his mother Maryand.  Eventually over 360 idols came to be placed around the Kaaba.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

During the Hajj period itself, the atmosphere around the sacred precincts of the Kaaba was like a circus.  Men and women would go round the Kaaba naked, arguing that they should present themselves before God in the same condition they were born.  Their prayer became devoid of all sincere remembrance of God and was instead reduced to a series of hand clapping, whistling and the blowing of horns.  Even the Hajj call was distorted by them with the following additions: “No one is Your partner except one who is permitted by you.  You are his Master and the Master of what he possesses.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Sacrifices were also made in the name of God.  However, the blood of the sacrificed animals was poured onto the walls of the Kaaba and the flesh was hung from pillars around the Kaaba, in the belief that God demanded the flesh and blood of these animals.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Singing, drinking, adultery and other acts of immorality was rife amongst the pilgrims and the poetry competitions, which were held, were a major part of the whole Hajj event.  In these competitions, poets would praise the bravery and splendor of their own tribesmen and tell exaggerated tales of the cowardice and miserliness of other tribes.  Competitions in generosity were also staged where the chief of each tribe would set up huge cauldrons and feed the pilgrims, only so that they could become well-known for their extreme generosity.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Thus the people had totally abandoned the teachings of their forefather and leader Abraham.  The House that he had made pure for the worship of God alone, had been totally desecrated by the pagans and the rites which he had established were completely distorted by them.  This sad state of affairs continued for nearly two and a half thousand years.  But then after this long period, the time came for the supplication of Abraham to be answered:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Our Lord!  Send amongst them a Messenger of their own, who shall recite unto them your verses and instruct them in the book and the Wisdom and sanctify them.  Verily you are the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.” (Quran 2:129)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Sure enough, a man by the name of Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullaah was born in the very city that Abraham had made this supplication centuries earlier.  For twenty-three years, the Prophet Muhammad spread the message of monotheism - the same message that Abraham and all the other Prophets came with - and established the law of God upon the land.  He expended every effort into making the word of God supreme and his victory over falsehood culminated in the smashing of the idols inside the Kaaba which once again became the universal centre for the worshippers of the one True God.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Not only did the Prophet rid the Kaaba of all its impurities, but he also reinstated all the rites of Hajj which were established by God’s Permission, in the time of Abraham.  Specific injunctions in the Quran were revealed in order to eliminate all the false rites which had become rampant in the pre-Islamic period.  All indecent and shameful acts were strictly banned in God’s statement:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“There is to be no lewdness nor wrangles during Hajj.” (Quran 2:197)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Competitions among poets in the exaltations of their forefathers and their tribesmen’s’ achievements were all stopped.  Instead, God told them:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And when you have completed your rites [of Hajj] then remember God as you remember your forefathers; nay with a more vigorous remembrance.” (Quran 2:200)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Competitions in generosity were also prohibited.  Of course, the feeding of the poor pilgrims was still encouraged as this was done in the time of Abraham, but God commanded that the slaughtering of the animals which was done for this purpose should be done seeking the pleasure of God rather than fame and the praise of the people.  He said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“So mention the name of God over these animals when they are drawn up in lines.  Then, when they are drawn on their sides [after the slaughter], eat thereof and feed the beggar who does not ask, and the beggar who asks.” (Quran 22:36)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

As for the deplorable practice of spattering blood of the sacrificed animals on the walls of the Kaaba and hanging their flesh on altars, then God clearly informed them that:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“It is neither their meat nor their blood that reaches God, but it is Taqwaa (piety) from you that reaches Him.” (Quran 22:37)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Prophet, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, also put a stop to the practice of circling the Kaaba in a state of nudity and the argument that the pagans put forward to justify this ritual was sharply rebutted in God’s question:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Say: Who has forbidden the adornment [i.e. clothes] given by God which He has produced for His Slaves?” (Quran 7:32)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Another custom which was prohibited through the Quran was that of setting off for Hajj without taking any provisions for the journey.  In the pre-Islamic period, some people who claimed righteousness, having total dependency on God, would travel to perform Hajj begging food the whole journey.  They considered this form of behavior a sign of piety and an indication of how much faith they had in God.  However God told mankind that to have sufficient provisions for the journey was one of the preconditions for making Hajj.  He said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And take a provision [with you] for the journey, but the best provision is piety.” (Quran 2:197)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

In this way, all the pre-Islamic practices, which were based in ignorance, were abolished and Hajj was once more made a model of piety, fear of God, purity, simplicity and austerity.  Now, when the pilgrims reached the Kaaba, they no longer found the carnivals and the frolic and frivolity that had once occupied the minds of the pilgrims there before.  Now, there was the remembrance of God at every step and every action and every sacrifice was devoted to Him alone.  It was this kind of Hajj that was worthy of the reward of paradise, as the Prophet said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“The reward for an accepted Hajj is nothing less than paradise.” (Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":18730,"lft":1737,"rght":1750,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-13T19:01:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T05:29:36.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":21,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"Transactions & Worship","category_slug":"Transactions-Worship","get_date":"2014-08-13","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-A History of the Hajj.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-A History of the Hajj.docx"},{"id":981,"title":"La historia del Hayy","slug":"la-historia-del-hayy","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-A History of the Hajj.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-A History of the Hajj.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:la-historia-del-hayy","hint":"","body":"

La historia del Hayy<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Hayy significa literalmente ‘partir hacia un lugar’. En la terminología legal Islámica, sin embargo, se refiere a la peregrinación anual que los musulmanes hacen a La Meca con la intención de realizar ciertos ritos religiosos de acuerdo con el método prescrito por el profeta Muhammad, que la paz y las bendiciones de Dios sean con él.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

El Hayy y sus ritos fueron primero ordenados por Dios en el tiempo del Profeta Abraham y él fue a quien Dios le confió construir la Kaaba –la  Casa de Dios– junto con su hijo Ismael, en La Meca. Dios describió la Kaaba y su construcción de la siguiente manera:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Y recuerda [¡Oh, Muhammad!] cuando establecimos a Abraham junto a la Casa Sagrada [y le ordenamos que la reconstruyera y] que sólo Me adorase a Mí, no Me atribuyera copartícipes y purificase Mi Casa [de la idolatría] para quienes la circunvalen ritualmente y quienes oren de pie, inclinados y prosternados”. (Corán 22:26)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Luego de construir la Kaaba, Abraham vendría a La Meca para hacer el Hayy cada año; y luego de su muerte, esta práctica fue continuada por su hijo. Sin embargo, gradualmente con el paso del tiempo, tanto la forma como el objetivo de los ritos del Hayy fueron cambiados.  Así como la idolatría se expandió por Arabia, la Kaaba perdió su pureza y fueron puestos ídolos dentro de ella. Sus paredes fueron cubiertas con poemas y pinturas, incluyendo una de Jesús y su madre María, y eventualmente más de 360 ídolos llegaron a ser colocados alrededor de la Kaaba.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Durante el período del Hayy mismo, la atmósfera alrededor de los precintos sagrados de la Kaaba era la de un circo. Hombres y mujeres circunvalaban la Kaaba desnudos, argumentando que ellos debían presentarse a sí mismos ante Dios en la misma condición en la que habían nacido. Su oración se volvió carente de toda remembranza sincera de Dios y fue, en lugar de esto, reducida a una serie de aplausos con las manos, silbidos y toques de cornetas. Incluso el llamado al Hayy fue distorsionado por ellos con las siguientes adiciones: “Nadie es Tu socio excepto aquel a quien tu lo permitas. Tú eres su Amo y el Amo de lo que él posee”.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

También se hacían sacrificios en el nombre de Dios.  Sin embargo, la sangre de los animales sacrificados se derramaba en las paredes de la Kaaba y la carne se colgaba de pilares alrededor de la Kaaba, en la creencia de que Dios exigía la carne y la sangre de estos animales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Cantos, bebida, adulterio y otros actos de inmoralidad eran comunes entre los peregrinos, y las competencias de poesía que se llevaban a cabo, eran una parte importante de todo el evento del Hayy. En estas competencias, los poetas exaltaban la valentía y el esplendor de sus propios hombres de la tribu y contaban cuentos exagerados de la cobardía y la tacañería de otras tribus. Competencias de generosidad eran también escenificadas, donde el jefe de cada tribu ponía gigantescas calderas y alimentaba a los peregrinos, solo para llegar a ser conocidos por su extrema generosidad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

De esta forma, la gente había abandonado totalmente las enseñanzas de su antepasado y líder Abraham. La Casa que él había hecho pura, para el culto de Dios solamente, había sido profanada por los paganos; y los ritos que él había establecido fueron completamente distorsionados. Este triste estado de situaciones continuó por cerca de dos mil quinientos años. Pero luego de este largo periodo, el tiempo llegó para que la súplica de Abraham fuera respondida:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“¡Señor nuestro! Haz surgir de entre ellos [nuestra descendencia] un Mensajero que les recite Tus preceptos y les enseñe el Libro y la sabiduría, y los purifique. En verdad, Tú eres Poderoso, Sabio”. (Corán 2:129)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

En efecto, un hombre con el nombre de Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullah, que la paz y las bendiciones de Dios sean con él, nació en la misma ciudad en la que Abraham había hecho su súplica siglos antes.  Por veintitrés, años el Profeta Muhammad, que la paz y las bendiciones de Dios sean con él, difundió el mensaje del monoteísmo –el mismo mensaje que Abraham y todos los otros Profetas trajeron– y estableció la ley de Dios en el territorio. Él hizo todo esfuerzo posible para hacer suprema la palabra de Dios y su victoria sobre la falsedad culminó con la destrucción de los ídolos dentro de la Kaaba, que una vez más se volviera un centro universal para los adoradores de Único y Verdadero Dios.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

No solamente el Profeta liberó a la Kaaba de todas sus impurezas, sino que también reinstaló todos los ritos del Hayy, tal cual fueron establecidos con el Permiso de Dios en el tiempo de Abraham. Imposiciones específicas en el Corán fueron reveladas con el fin de eliminar todos los falsos ritos que se habían instalado en el periodo pagano pre-islámico. Todos los actos indecentes y vergonzosos fueron estrictamente prohibidos en la declaración de Dios:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“La peregrinación se realiza en meses consabidos, y quien en ellos se consagrara para hacerla deberá abstenerse [durante la peregrinación] de las relaciones maritales, los actos de desobediencia y las discusiones”. (Corán 2:197)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Las competencias entre poetas en la exaltación de sus antepasados y de los logros de sus hombres de su tribu, fueron detenidas. En lugar de eso, Dios les dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Y cuando hayáis terminado con los ritos que debéis realizar [el Día del Sacrificio] recordad a Dios como recordáis a vuestros padres, y más aún”. (Corán 2:200)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Las competencias en generosidad fueron también prohibidas. Por supuesto, la alimentación de los peregrinos pobres era todavía alentada, tal como se hacía en tiempos de Abraham, pero Dios ordenó que la matanza de los animales que era hecha con este propósito debía hacerse buscando la complacencia de Dios en lugar de la fama y la exaltación de las personas. Él dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Establecimos que el sacrificio de los camellos sea parte de los ritos de Dios, ésta es una obra beneficiosa. Recordad el nombre de Dios sobre ellos cuando estén dispuestos en fila [para ser sacrificados], y luego de que se desplomen comed de ellos, y dad de comer al mendigo y al necesitado. Así os los sometimos para que seáis agradecidos”. (Corán 22:36)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

En lo que tiene que ver con la práctica deplorable de esparcir la sangre de los animales sacrificados en las paredes de la Kaaba y colgar sus carnes en pilares, Dios claramente nos informó que:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Dios no necesita de su carne ni su sangre, sino que desea que alcancéis la piedad [mediante la práctica de este ritos]. Con este fin os lo facilitó. Engrandeced a Dios por haberos guiado; y albricia [¡Oh, Muhammad!] a los que hacen el bien [que alcanzarán el Paraíso]”. <\/strong>(Corán 22:37)<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

El Profeta, que la paz y las bendiciones de Dios sean con él, también le puso un alto a la práctica de circundar la Kaaba en estado de desnudez, y el argumento de los paganos utilizado para justificar este ritual fue agudamente refutado en la pregunta retórica de Dios:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Diles [¡Oh, Muhammad!]: ¿Quién les ha prohibido vestir con las prendas elegantes que Dios ha concedido a sus siervos y beneficiarse de todo lo bueno que Allah les ha proveído?” (Corán 7:32)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Otra costumbre que fue prohibida a través del Corán fue aquella de partir para el Hayy sin tomar ninguna provisión para el viaje. En el periodo pre-islámico, algunas personas que alegaban ser virtuosas y confiar completamente en Dios, viajaban para hacer el Hayy y mendigaban por comida todo el viaje. Ellos consideraban esta forma de comportamiento un signo de piedad y de cuánta fe tenían en Dios. Sin embargo, Dios dijo a los seres humanos que tener las provisiones suficientes era una de las condiciones previas para hacer el Hayy:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Aprovisionaos para el viaje y [sabed que] la mejor provisión es la piedad”. (Corán 2:197)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

De esta forma, todas las prácticas pre-islámicas, las cuales estaban basadas en la ignorancia, fueron abolidas, y el Hayy fue hecho una vez más un modelo de piedad, temor de Dios, pureza, simplicidad y austeridad. Ahora, cuando los peregrinos arriban a la Kaaba, no encuentran más los carnavales, el jolgorio y la frivolidad que ocupó las mentes de los peregrinos en la antigüedad. Ahora, existe la remembranza de Dios en cada paso y en cada acción, y cada sacrificio es dedicado a Él solamente. Es esta la clase de Hayy que es merecedor de la recompensa del Paraíso, tal como el Profeta dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“La recompensa por un Hayy correcto no es nada menos que el Paraíso”. (Sahih Al-Bujari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":14782,"lft":1738,"rght":1739,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-13T19:01:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T08:44:14.000000Z","language_id":12,"user_id":7,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":21,"parent_id":980,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"Transactions & Worship","category_slug":"Transactions-Worship","get_date":"2014-08-13","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-A History of the Hajj.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-A History of the Hajj.docx"},{"id":982,"title":"Histoire du Hajj","slug":"histoire-du-hajj","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-A History of the Hajj.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-A History of the Hajj.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:histoire-du-hajj","hint":"","body":"

Histoire du Hajj<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Le terme « Hajj » signifie, littéralement, « sortir pour se rendre à un endroit ».  Du point de vue islamique, toutefois, il fait référence au pèlerinage annuel que font les musulmans à la Mecque avec l’intention d’y accomplir certains rituels religieux conformes à la méthode prescrite par le prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le Hajj et ses rites ont été ordonnés (par Dieu) pour la première fois à l’époque du prophète Abraham.  C’est d’ailleurs ce dernier qui fut chargé, par Dieu, de construire la Ka’aba – la Maison de Dieu – à la Mecque, avec son fils Ismaël.  Dieu a décrit la Ka’aba et sa construction en ces termes :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« (Rappelle-toi) quand Nous préparâmes l’emplacement de la Maison sacrée pour Abraham.  Nous lui dîmes : « Ne M’associe rien; et purifie Ma Maison pour ceux qui tournent autour, pour ceux qui s’y tiennent debout, et pour ceux qui s’y inclinent et s’y prosternent. » (Coran 22:26)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Après avoir construit la Ka’aba, Abraham revenait chaque année à la Mecque afin d’y accomplir le Hajj et, après sa mort, cette pratique fut perpétuée par son fils.  Avec le temps, toutefois, la forme et l’objectif des rites du Hajj furent modifiés petit à petit.  Tandis que l’idolâtrie se propageait à travers l’Arabie, la Ka’aba perdait sa pureté et des idoles étaient disposées à l’intérieur.  Ses murs furent recouverts de poèmes et de peintures, dont une représentant Jésus et sa mère.  Au bout d’un certain temps, ce sont plus de 360 idoles qui prirent place autour de la Ka’aba. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Durant la période de Hajj comme telle, l’ambiance autour de la Ka’aba rappelait celle d’un cirque.  Des hommes et des femmes tournaient autour du bâtiment complètement nus, soutenant qu’ils devaient se présenter à Dieu comme ils étaient à leur naissance.  Leurs prières étaient dépourvues de toute sincérité envers Dieu et ne se résumaient qu’à des tapements de mains et à des sifflements qu’accompagnait le son du cor.  Même l’appel au Hajj était dénaturé, car ils y avaient ajouté les paroles suivantes : « Nul n’est Ton associé sauf celui que Tu agrées; Tu es son Maître et le Maître de ce qu’il possède. »<\/span><\/p>\r\n

À cette occasion, ils faisaient également des sacrifices au nom de Dieu, mais le sang des animaux sacrifiés était étalé sur les murs de la Ka’aba et leur chair était suspendue à des piliers entourant le bâtiment, car ils croyaient que Dieu exigeait le sang et la chair de ces animaux.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Les beuveries, l’adultère, de même que d’autres actes immoraux étaient répandus parmi les pèlerins et les concours de poésie qu’ils organisaient tenaient une place importante au sein du Hajj.  Lors de ces concours, les poètes louaient la bravoure et la splendeur des hommes de leur tribu et faisaient le récit amplement exagéré de la lâcheté et de l’avarice des autres tribus.  Les tribus se faisaient également compétition au niveau de la générosité : chacune amenait d’énormes chaudrons remplis de nourriture destinés aux pèlerins, dans l’unique but de faire parler d’elle et de son extrême générosité.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Les gens avaient donc totalement abandonné les enseignements de leur guide et ancêtre Abraham.  La Ka’aba, qu’il avait construite pour l’adoration exclusive de Dieu, avait été complètement désacralisée par les païens, et les rites qu’il avait établis, complètement dénaturés.  Cette triste situation persista durant près de deux mille cinq cents ans.  Puis, après cette longue période vint le moment où Dieu répondit à la prière d’Abraham :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Seigneur !  Envoies parmi eux un messager qui sera un des leurs, qui leur récitera Tes révélations, leur enseignera le Livre et la sagesse, et les purifiera.  Certes, c’est Toi le Puissant, le Sage. » (Coran 2:129)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

C’est alors que vint au monde un homme nommé Mohammed ibn Abdoullah (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) dans cette même ville où Abraham avait imploré Dieu des siècles auparavant.  Vingt-trois années durant, le prophète Mohammed prêcha le message du monothéisme – le même message prêché par tous les prophètes avant lui – et établit la loi de Dieu dans cette contrée.  Il n’épargna aucun effort pour faire triompher la parole de Dieu et sa victoire sur l’idolâtrie connut son apogée lorsqu’il détruisit toutes les idoles qui se trouvaient à l’intérieur et autour de la Ka’aba, laquelle redevint le centre universel de l’adoration exclusive de Dieu.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Non seulement débarrassa-t-il la Ka’aba de toutes ces fausses divinité, il rétablit également tous les rites du Hajj qui avaient été établis par Abraham, par la permission de Dieu.  Des injonctions furent révélées, dans le Coran, afin d’éliminer tous les faux rites qui étaient devenus très répandus durant l’ère pré-islamique.  Tous les actes indécents furent strictement bannis par ce verset coranique :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Quiconque souhaite l’accomplir, [qu’il se rappelle alors] : point de rapports intimes ni d’insultes ni de disputes durant le pèlerinage. » (Coran 2:197)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

On mit également un terme aux concours de poésie vantant les ancêtres des tribus et les succès de leurs hommes.  Dieu leur dit plutôt :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Puis, quand vous avez terminé vos actes de dévotion, invoquez Dieu comme vous invoquiez vos pères, mais de façon plus ardente encore. » (Coran 2:200)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Les compétitions de générosité entre tribus furent également bannies.  Bien entendu, il fut toujours encouragé de nourrir les pèlerins, car cela se faisait déjà à l’époque d’Abraham; mais Dieu ordonna que le sacrifice d’animaux servant à nourrir les gens ne soit fait qu’en Son nom et qu’à la recherche de Sa satisfaction plutôt qu’avec l’intention de s’attirer une certaine gloire et de se voir loué par les gens.  Dieu dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Prononcez donc sur eux le nom de Dieu lorsqu’ils sont prêts à être sacrifiés.  Puis, lorsqu’ils gisent sur le flanc, vous pouvez alors en manger et en nourrir le pauvre et le mendiant. » (Coran 22:36)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Quant à la pratique déplorable consistant à étaler le sang des animaux sacrifiés sur les murs de la Ka’aba et à suspendre leur chair sur des piliers, Dieu informa clairement les gens que :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Ni leur chair ni leur sang ne parviennent à Dieu; seule votre piété Lui parvient. » (Coran 22:37)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) mit également un terme à la pratique consistant à tourner autour de la Ka’aba complètement nu et l’argument que les païens avançaient pour justifier un tel rite fut réfuté par Dieu dans le Coran :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Dis : « Qui a interdit les beaux habits que Dieu a conçus pour Ses serviteurs, ainsi que les bonnes choses dont Il vous a pourvus? » (Coran 7:32)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Une autre coutume qui fut abolie par le Coran fut celle de partir pour le Hajj sans prendre aucune provision pour le voyage.  Au cours de l’ère pré-islamique, certaines personnes qui prétendaient à la vertu voyageaient, pour se rendre au Hajj, sans apporter aucune provision et en mendiant tout au long du voyage, remettant leur sort entre les mains de Dieu.  Ils voyaient cette façon de faire comme un signe de grande piété démontrant la fermeté de leur foi en Dieu.  Mais Dieu révéla aux hommes qu’apporter suffisamment de provisions pour le voyage était une condition préalable pour accomplir le Hajj :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Et faites des provisions (pour le voyage); la meilleure des provisions est la piété. » (Coran 2:197)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Toutes les pratiques pré-islamique fondées sur l’ignorance furent abolies et le Hajj redevint un événement basé sur la piété, la crainte de Dieu, la pureté, la simplicité et la sobriété.  Maintenant, lorsque les pèlerins arrivaient devant la Ka’aba, ils ne trouvaient plus ni cliques carnavalesques ni gamineries ni frivolité comme cela avait été le cas auparavant.  Ils y entendaient des invocations faites à Dieu à chaque pas, et chaque action, chaque sacrifice Lui étaient entièrement consacrés.  C’est un Hajj comme celui-là qui mérite le Paradis aux croyants.  Le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« La rétribution pour un Hajj accepté (de Dieu) n’est rien de moins que le Paradis. »  (sahih al-Boukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":15000,"lft":1740,"rght":1741,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-13T19:01:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T07:57:07.000000Z","language_id":9,"user_id":7,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":21,"parent_id":980,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"Transactions & Worship","category_slug":"Transactions-Worship","get_date":"2014-08-13","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-A History of the Hajj.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-A History of the Hajj.docx"},{"id":983,"title":"Geschichte der Ha\u011f\u011f","slug":"geschichte-der-ha","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-A History of the Hajj.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-A History of the Hajj.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:geschichte-der-ha","hint":"","body":"

Geschichte der Ha\u011f\u011f<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Ha\u011f\u011f bedeutet \"sich auf den Weg machen\" zu einem Ort.  Im Islam bezieht es sich allerdings auf die jährliche Pilgerreise, welche die Muslime nach Mekka unternehmen, um bestimmte religöse Riten nach der Art des Propheten Muhammad, Gottes Segen und Frieden seien auf ihm, zu verrichten. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ha\u011f\u011f  und ihre Riten wurden von Gott zuerst in der Zeit des Propheten Abraham befohlen, und er war derjenige, den Gott damit beauftragte, die Kaaba – das Haus Gottes – gemeinsam mit seinem Sohn Ismael in Mekka zu errichten.  Gott beschreibt die Kaaba und ihren Bau folgendermaßen:    <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und als Wir für Abraham die Stätte des Hauses bestimmten, (, sprachen Wir): \"Setze Mir nichts zur Seite und halte  mein Haus rein für die (es) Umkreisenden, Betenden und Sich-Niederwerfenden.” (Quran 22:26)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Nachdem er die Kaaba gebaut hatte, kam Abraham jedes Jahr nach Mekka, um Ha\u011f\u011f zu machen und nach seinem Tod wurde dieses von seinem Sohn fortgesetzt.  Allerdings wurde sowohl die Form als auch das Ziel der Ha\u011f\u011friten verändert.  Als sich der Götzendienst über ganz Arabien ausbreitete, verlor die Kaaba ihre Reinheit und Götzen wurden darin aufgestellt.  Die Wände wurden mit Gedichten und Malereien bedeckt, einschließlich einer von Jesus und seiner Mutter Maria.  Ungefähr 360 Götzen wurden bei der Kaaba aufgestellt.       <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Während der Ha\u011f\u011fzeit selbst war die Atmosphäre im heiligen Bezirk um die Kaaba herum wie in einem Zirkus.  Männer und Frauen pflegten nackt um die Kaaba herum zu gehen, mit der Begründung, sie sollten sich vor Gott in dem Zustand präsentieren, wie sie geboren worden waren.  Ihr Gebet wurde jeglicher aufrichtigem Gedenken Gottes beraubt und war statt dessen auf eine Serie von Händeklatschen, kreischen oder pfeifen und Hörnerblasen reduziert.  Sogar der Ha\u011f\u011fruf wurde durch folgende Zusätze verdreht: “Niemand ist Dein Partner, außer demjenigen, dem Du es erlaubt hast.  Du bist sein Herr und der Herr dessen, was er besitzt.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Es wurden auch im Namen Gottes Opfer dargeboten.  Allerdings wurde das Blut der geopferten Tiere auf die Mauern der Kaaba gegossen und das Fleisch wurde an Säulen um die Kaaba herum aufgehängt, in dem Glauben Gott verlange das Fleisch und das Blut dieser Tiere.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Singen, Trinken, Ehebruch und andere unmoralischen Taten waren unter den Pilgern weit verbreitet, und die Wettbewerbe der Dichtkunst, die abgehalten wurden, bildeten einen Hauptteil des gesamten Ha\u011f\u011fereignisses.  Bei diesen Wettbewerben priesen Dichter den Mut und den Ruhm ihrer eigenen Stammesgenossen und erzählten übertriebene Geschichten von der Feigheit und dem Geiz anderer Stämme.  Es wurden auch Wettbewerbe in Großzügigkeit aufgestellt, wo das Oberhaupt eines jeden Stammes große Kessel aufstellte und die Pilger speiste, nur damit er für seine extreme Großzügigkeit bekannt würde. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Damit hatten die Menschen die Lehren ihres Vorfahren und Führers Abraham völlig aufgegeben.  Das Haus, das er allein für die Anbetung Gottes rein gemacht hatte, wurde von den Götzendienern gänzlich entweiht und die Riten, die er eingeführt hatte, wurden von ihnen verdreht.  In diesem traurigen Zustand blieb es fast zweieinhalbtausend Jahre.  Aber dann, nach dieser langen Zeit, brach die Zeit an, in der das Bittgebet Abrahams beantwortet wurde: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Unser Herr!  Erwecke unter ihnen einen Gesandten aus ihrer Mitte, der ihnen Deine Worte verliest und sie das Buch und die Weisheit lehrt und sie läutert; denn wahrlich, Du bist der Allmächtige, der Allweise.” (Quran 2:129)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Und wirklich, ein Mann mit dem Namen Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullaah, Gottes Segen und Frieden seien auf ihm, wurde in genau dieser Stadt geboren, in der Abraham Jahrhunderte zuvor dieses Bittgebet gesprochen hatte.  Dreiundzwanzig Jahre lang verbreitete der Prophet Muhammad, Gottes Segen und Frieden seien auf ihm, die Botschaft vom Monotheismus – dieselbe Botschaft, mit der Abraham und alle anderen Propheten gekommen waren – und führte Gottes Gesetze im Lande ein.  Er unternahm jede Mühe, das Wort Gottes hochzuhalten und sein Sieg über das Falsche erreichte seinen Höhepunkt in der Zerstörung der Götzen in der Kaaba, die damit wieder zum Zentrum für die Anbeter des Wahren Gottes wurde. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Prophet befreite nicht nur die Kaaba von allen Unreinheiten, sondern er setzte auch die Ha\u011f\u011friten, die mit Gottes Erlaubnis in der Zeit Abrahams eingeführt worden waren, wieder ein.  Besondere Anweisungen wurden im Qur´an offenbart, um alle falschen Riten zu tilgen, die sich in der vor-islamischen Zeit vergebreitet hatten.  Alle unanständigen und schändlichen Taten wurden in folgender Aussage Gottes streng untersagt: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Begehe weder Frevel noch unziemende Rede während der Ha\u011f\u011f.” (Quran 2:197)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wettbewerbe, in denen Dichter ihre Vorväter lobten und das, was ihre Stammesgenossen erreicht hatten, gab es nicht mehr.  Anstatt dessen sagt Gott:   <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und wenn ihr eure heiligen Riten beendet habt, dann gedenkt Gottes, so wie ihr eurer Väter zu gedenken pflegt oder vielmehr mit noch stärkerem Glauben.” (Quran 2:200)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wettbewerbe in Großzügigkeit wurden ebenfalls untersagt.  Natürlich wurde das Speisen armer Pilger noch immer empfohlen, wie es in der Zeit Abrahams gemacht worden war.  Aber Gott befahl, dass mit dem Schlachten der Tiere beabsichtigt werden sollte, die Zufriedenheit Gottes zu erlangen und nicht damit man berühmt wird oder damit die Menschen einen loben.  Er sagte: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“So sprecht den Namen Gottes über sie aus, wenn sie gereiht dastehen.  Und wenn  ihre Seiten (auf dem Boden) liegen, so esset davon und speist den Genügsamen und den Bittenden.” (Quran 22:36)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Was die bedauerliche Tradition betrifft, das Blut der geopferten Tiere auf die Wände der Kaaba zu gießen und das Fleisch an Altaren aufzuhängen, so sprach Gott deutlich:     <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ihr Fleisch erreicht Gott nicht, noch tut es ihr Blut, sondern eure Ehrfurcht ist es, die ihn erreicht.” (Quran 22:37)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Der Prophet, Gottes Segen und Frieden seien auf ihm, bereitete der Tradition völlig nackt die Kaaba zu umkreisen ebenfalls ein Ende und das Argument der Götzendiener, das sie als Begründung für dieses Ritual vorgebracht hatten, wurde mit der Frage Gottes scharf zurückgewiesen:    <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Sprich: Wer hat die schönen Dinge <\/strong>[d.h. Kleidung]<\/strong> <\/strong>Gottes verboten, die Er für Seine Diener hervorgebracht hat?”<\/strong>(Quran 7:32)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ein anderer Brauch, der durch den Quran verboten wurde, war das Aufbrechen zur Ha\u011f\u011f, ohne irgendwelche Versorgung für die Reise mitzunehmen.  In der vorislamischen Zeit waren manche Leute zur Ha\u011f\u011f aufgebrochen und hatten behauptet, rechtschaffen zu sein und sich völlig auf Gott zu verlassen, und sie hatten die gesamte Reise hindurch um Essen gebettelt.  Sie betrachteten dieses Verhalten als ein Anzeichen für ihre Frömmigkeit und ihr Vertrauens auf Gott.  Gott klärt die Menschen darüber auf, dass das Mitführen von ausreichend Proviant eine der Vorbedingungen für Ha\u011f\u011f sei.  Er sagt:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und sorgt für die Reise, doch wahrlich, die beste Vorsorge ist Gottesfurcht.” (Quran 2:197)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Auf diese Weise wurden alle vorislamischen Traditionen aufgehoben, die auf Unwissenheit basierten und Ha\u011f\u011f wurde wieder zu einem Muster an Frömmigkeit, Gottesfurcht, Einfachheit und Ernsthaftigkeit.  Wenn die Pilger jetzt bei der Kaaba eintrafen, erwartete sie kein Fest-Rummel mehr, und auch nicht die Lustbarkeit und der Leichtsinn, die einst die Gemüter der Pilger beschäftigt hatten.  Jetzt gedenkt man bei jedem Schritt und bei jeder Tat und bei jedem Opfer Gottes und alles ist Ihm gewidmet.  Diese Art der Ha\u011f\u011f ist die Belohnung des Paradieses wert, denn der Prophet sagte:  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Der Lohn für eine angenommene Pilgerfahrt ist nichts Geringeres als das Paradies.” (Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":17035,"lft":1742,"rght":1743,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-13T19:01:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T09:58:01.000000Z","language_id":7,"user_id":7,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":21,"parent_id":980,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"Transactions & Worship","category_slug":"Transactions-Worship","get_date":"2014-08-13","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-A History of the Hajj.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-A History of the Hajj.docx"},{"id":984,"title":"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430","slug":"-ggjhj","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-A History of the Hajj.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-A History of the Hajj.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:-ggjhj","hint":"","body":"

\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a «\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430-\u0442\u043e». \u0412 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 – \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u041c\u0435\u043a\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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«\u0412\u043e\u0442 \u041c\u044b \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0443 (\u0410\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0430\u043c\u0443) \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430 (\u041a\u0430\u0430\u0431\u044b): «\u041d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0439 \u043a\u043e \u041c\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0439 \u041c\u043e\u0439 \u0414\u043e\u043c (\u041a\u0430\u0430\u0431\u0443) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0446» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 22:26)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u041a\u0430\u0430\u0431\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0418\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0446\u0430. \u041d\u043e \u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0438 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043d\u044b. \u0418\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0441 \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u041a\u0430\u0430\u0431\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043b\u043e 360! \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044b \u041a\u0430\u0430\u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0441 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c\u044e \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0430\u0431\u044b \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0446\u0438\u0440\u043a, \u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0430\u0431\u0443. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440. \u0418\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c, \u0432 \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435, \u043a \u0445\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043d\u044c\u044e \u0432 \u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0448\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0433. \u0414\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0437 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d: \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430: «\u0423 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0430, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u044b \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043c. \u0422\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0425\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0438\u043d, \u0438 \u0425\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0438\u043d \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442».<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044b \u041a\u0430\u0430\u0431\u044b, \u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u043c\u044f\u0441\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u044b \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043d\u0435\u0435. \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0431\u043b\u0443\u0434 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437) \u043e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d. \u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0432 \u0449\u0435\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d: \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u044b \u0441 \u0435\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0449\u0435\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438  \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043e\u0442\u0446\u0430 \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0430. \u0414\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443, \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d \u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u044f\u0434\u044b – \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044b. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442! \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0443 \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0430:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448! \u041f\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c \u0422\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0430\u044f\u0442\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u041f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0445. \u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0422\u044b – \u041c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u041c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u044b\u0439» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 2:129)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0427\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0412 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430 – \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 – \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435. \u041e\u043d \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445. \u041f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0432\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u0430\u0431\u0443, \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0435, \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0435. \u0418 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b \u041a\u0430\u0430\u0431\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u044f\u0434\u044b \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435, \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0430. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u044f\u0434\u044b, \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434. \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0445:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u044b. \u041a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u044b, \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430…» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 2:197)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043e\u0442\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b. \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u044f\u0434\u044b, \u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0446\u043e\u0432, \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 2:200)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0449\u0435\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0449\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0435, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044f \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0448\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043c, \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0449\u0435\u0442\u044b» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 22:36)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044b \u041a\u0430\u0430\u0431\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043c\u044f\u0441\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0445 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041d\u0438 \u043c\u044f\u0441\u043e, \u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430. \u0414\u043e \u041d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c…» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 22:37)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u041a\u0430\u0430\u0431\u0443 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435. \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438: «\u041a\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u041e\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043c?» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 7:32)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0415\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 – \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0435\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0443. \u0414\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438 (\u044d\u0442\u043e, \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0431\u044b, \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430). \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0432 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435. T\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0411\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0441\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 2:197)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d, \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c, \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0415\u043c\u0443. \u0427\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u044b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u041d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436 – \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0420\u0430\u0439» (\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438)<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13402,"lft":1744,"rght":1745,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-13T19:01:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T07:19:00.000000Z","language_id":5,"user_id":7,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":21,"parent_id":980,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"Transactions & Worship","category_slug":"Transactions-Worship","get_date":"2014-08-13","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-A History of the Hajj.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-A History of the Hajj.docx"},{"id":985,"title":"Uma Hist\u00f3ria do Hajj","slug":"uma-histria-do-hajj","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-A History of the Hajj.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-A History of the Hajj.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:uma-histria-do-hajj","hint":"","body":"

Uma História do Hajj<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Hajj literalmente significa ‘partir para um lugar’.  Islamicamente, entretanto, se refere à peregrinação anual que os muçulmanos fazem à Meca com a intenção de realizar certos rituais religiosos de acordo com o método prescrito pelo Profeta Muhammad, que a misericórdia e bênçãos de Deus estejam sobre ele.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Hajj e seus rituais foram primeiro ordenados por Deus na época do Profeta Abraão e a quem Deus confiou a construção da Caaba - a Casa de Deus - junto com seu filho Ismael, em Meca.  Deus descreveu a Caaba e sua construção como se segue:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“E (recorda-te) de quando indicamos a Abraão o local da Casa, dizendo: Não Me atribuas parceiros, mas consagra a Minha Casa para os circungirantes, para os que permanecem em pé e para os genuflexos e prostrados [em oração].” (Alcorão 22:26)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Depois de construir a Caaba, Abraão ia para Meca realizar o Hajj todos os anos, e após sua morte, essa prática continuou com seu filho.  Entretanto, gradualmente, com a passagem do tempo, tanto a forma quanto o objetivo dos rituais do Hajj foram mudados.  Como a idolatria se espalhava pela Arábia, a Caaba perdeu sua pureza e ídolos eram colocados dentro dela.  Suas paredes ficaram cobertas com poemas e pinturas, incluindo uma de Jesus e sua mãe Maria.  Eventualmente mais de 360 ídolos foram colocados ao redor da Caaba.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Durante o período do Hajj em si, a atmosfera ao redor dos limites sagrados da Caaba era como a de um circo.  Homens e mulheres andavam em volta da Caaba nus, argumentando que deviam se apresentar perante Deus na mesma condição em que nasceram.  Suas orações se tornaram destituídas de toda lembrança sincera de Deus e ficaram reduzidas a uma série de bater de palmas, assobios e soprar de chifres.  Até o chamado para o Hajj foi distorcido por eles com os seguintes acréscimos: “Ninguém é Seu parceiro exceto aquele que tem Sua permissão. Tu és seu Mestre e o Mestre do que ele possui.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Também eram feitos sacrifícios em nome de Deus.  Entretanto, o sangue dos animais sacrificados era despejado nas paredes da Caaba e a carne pendurada nas colunas ao redor da Caaba, na crença de que Deus exigia a carne e o sangue desses animais.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O canto, a bebida, o adultério e outros atos de imoralidade eram predominantes entre os peregrinos e as competições de poesia mantidas eram uma parte importante do evento do Hajj.  Nessas competições os poetas louvavam a bravura e esplendor dos homens de sua própria tribo e contavam histórias exageradas da covardia e avareza de outras tribos.  As competições em generosidade também eram encenadas, nas quais o chefe de cada tribo colocava enormes caldeirões e alimentava os peregrinos, apenas para ficarem conhecidos por sua extrema generosidade.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dessa forma as pessoas tinham abandonado por completo os ensinamentos de seu antepassado e líder Abraão.  A Casa que ele fez pura para a adoração somente de Deus tinha sido totalmente profanadas pelos pagãos, e os rituais que ele tinha estabelecido foram completamente distorcidos por eles.  Essa triste situação continuou por quase dois mil e quinhentos anos.  Mas então, após esse longo período, chegou o momento da súplica de Abraão ser atendida:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ó Senhor nosso! Faze surgir, dentre eles, um Mensageiro, que lhes transmita as Tuas leis e lhes ensine o Livro, e a sabedoria, e os purifique. Tu és o Poderoso, o Prudentíssimo.” (Alcorão 2:129)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Certamente, um homem que atendia pelo nome de Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullaah, que a misericórdia e bênçãos de Deus estejam sobre ele, nasceu na mesma cidade na qual Abraão fez essa súplica séculos antes.  Por vinte e três anos o Profeta Muhammad, que a misericórdia e bênçãos de Deus estejam sobre ele, propagou a mensagem de monoteísmo – a mesma mensagem que Abraão e todos os outros Profetas trouxeram – e estabeleceu a lei de Deus sobre a terra.  Empreendeu todos os esforços para fazer a palavra de Deus suprema e sua vitória sobre a falsidade culminou com a destruição dos ídolos dentro da Caaba que novamente se tornou o centro universal para os adoradores do Verdadeiro Deus.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Profeta não apenas livrou a Caaba de todas as suas impurezas, mas também restabeleceu todos os rituais do Hajj que foram estabelecidos pela Permissão de Deus, no tempo de Abraão.  Injunções específicas no Alcorão foram reveladas para eliminar todos os falsos rituais que tinham se tornado predominantes no período pré-islâmico.  Todos os atos indecentes e vergonhoso foram estritamente banidos na afirmação de Deus:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“A peregrinação realiza em meses determinados. Quem a empreender, deverá abster-se das relações sexuais, da perversidade e da polêmica.” (Alcorão 2:197)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Competições entre poetas nas exaltações aos seus antepassados e às realizações dos homens de suas tribos foram todas interrompidas.   Ao invés disso, Deus lhes disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Quando celebrardes os vossos ritos, recordai-vos de Deus como vos recordar dos vosso pais, ou com mais fervor.” (Alcorão 2:200)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

As competições em generosidade também foram proibidas.  Claro, alimentar os peregrinos pobres continuou sendo encorajado como era feito no tempo de Abraão, mas Deus ordenou que o abate de animais que era feito com esse propósito devia ser para buscar a satisfação de Deus, ao invés de fama e louvor das pessoas.  Ele disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Invocai, pois, o nome de Deus sobre eles, no momento (do sacrifício), quando ainda estiverem em pé, e quando tiverem tombado. Comei, pois, deles e dai de comer ao necessitado e ao pedinte.”<\/strong> <\/strong>(Alcorão 22:36)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Quanto à prática deplorável de jogar sangue de animais sacrificados nas paredes da Caaba e pendurar sua carne em altares, Deus claramente os informou que:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Nem suas carnes, nem seu sangue chegam até Deus; outrossim, alcança-O a vossa piedade.” (Alcorão 22:37)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

O Profeta, que a misericórdia e bênçãos de Deus estejam sobre ele, também colocou um fim à prática de circular a Caaba em estado de nudez e o argumento de que os pagãos apresentavam para justificar esse ritual foi totalmente refutado na pergunta de Deus:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Dize: Quem pode proibir as galas [ou seja, vestimentas] de Deus e o desfrutar os bons alimentos que Ele preparou para Seus servos?” (Alcorão 7:32)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Outro costume que foi proibido através do Alcorão foi o de partir para o Hajj sem levar provisões para a viagem.  No período pré-islâmico, algumas pessoas que alegavam virtude e dependerem totalmente de Deus, viajavam para realizar o Hajj pedindo comida durante toda a viagem.  Consideravam essa forma de comportamento um sinal de virtude e uma indicação de quanta fé tinham em Deus.  Entretanto Deus disse à humanidade que ter provisões suficientes para a viagem era uma das precondições para fazer o Hajj.  Ele disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Equipai-vos de provisões, mas sabei que a melhor provisão é a devoção.” (Alcorão 2:197)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dessa forma, todas as práticas pré-islâmicas que eram baseadas em ignorância, foram abolidas, e o Hajj passou a ser, mais uma vez, um modelo de piedade, temor a Deus, pureza, simplicidade e austeridade.  Agora, quando os peregrinos alcançam a Caaba, não encontram mais as folias e a galhofa e frivolidade que antes ocupava as mentes dos peregrinos.  Agora, existe a lembrança de Deus em cada passo e ação, e cada sacrifício é devotado somente a Ele.  Esse tipo de Hajj era merecedor da recompensa do paraíso, como o Profeta disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“A recompensa por um Hajj aceito não é nada menos que o paraíso.” (Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":17567,"lft":1746,"rght":1747,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-13T19:01:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T08:56:45.000000Z","language_id":15,"user_id":7,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":21,"parent_id":980,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"Transactions & Worship","category_slug":"Transactions-Worship","get_date":"2014-08-13","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-A History of the Hajj.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-A History of the Hajj.docx"},{"id":986,"title":"\u671d\u89d0\u7b80\u53f2","slug":"\u064a\u064a\u0628\u0644","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-A History of the Hajj.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-A History of the Hajj.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:\u064a\u064a\u0628\u0644","hint":"","body":"

\u671d\u89d0\u7b80\u53f2<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

“\u671d\u89d0”\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u4e3a“\u7f55\u5fd7”\uff08hajj\uff09,\u5176\u672c\u4e49\u4e3a“\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u51fa\u53d1”\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u8d4b\u4e88“\u671d\u89d0”\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u6559\u6388\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u672c\u7740\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e00\u9879\u4e3b\u547d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u9ea6\u52a0\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u671d\u89d0\u53ca\u5176\u4eea\u5f0f\u6700\u521d\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5148\u77e5\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u547d\u4ee4\u4ed6\u548c\u513f\u5b50\u4f0a\u65af\u9a6c\u4f9d\u4e00\u8d77\u5efa\u9020\u5929\u623f\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u5728\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5929\u623f\u53ca\u5176\u6784\u9020\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/strong>“<\/strong>\u5f53<\/strong>\u65f6\u6211\u66fe\u4e3a\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u6307\u5b9a\u5929\u623f\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\uff1a<\/strong>‘<\/strong>\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u914d\u6211\uff0c\u4f60<\/strong>\u5e94\u5f53\u4e3a\u73af\u884c\u8005\u3001\u7acb\u6b63\u8005\u3001\u97a0\u8eac\u8005\u548c\u53e9\u5934\u8005\uff0c\u6253\u626b\u6211\u7684\u623f\u5c4b\u3002<\/strong>’”<\/strong> <\/strong>(<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>22:26)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5efa\u9020\u5929\u623f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u4f1a\u5230\u9ea6\u52a0\u671d\u89d0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f52\u771f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u88ab\u5b50\u5b59\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u671d\u89d0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u4e5f\u88ab\u6e10\u6e10\u88ab\u53d8\u66f4\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u5076\u50cf\u5d07\u62dc\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u534a\u5c9b\u65f6\uff0c\u5929\u623f\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7eaf\u6d01\uff0c\u5b83\u91cc\u9762\u653e\u7f6e\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5076\u50cf\uff1b\u5b83\u7684\u5899\u58c1\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6302\u6ee1\u4e86\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8036\u7a23\u3001\u5723\u6bcd\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u7b49\u7684\u753b\u50cf\uff1b\u5b83\u7684\u5468\u56f4\u8fd8\u7acb\u7740360\u5c0a\u5076\u50cf……<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u671d\u89d0\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e5f\u5343\u5947\u767e\u602a\uff0c\u795e\u5723\u5929\u623f\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6c14\u6c1b\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u9a6c\u620f\u56e2\u5728\u8868\u6f14\u3002\u7537\u5973\u8d64\u8eab\u88f8\u4f53\u73af\u6e38\u5929\u623f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u7531\u66f4\u662f\u8352\u8bde\u4e0d\u7ecf\uff0c\u8bf4\u5e94\u8be5\u50cf\u5b89\u62c9\u521b\u9020\u65f6\u90a3\u6837\u9762\u89c1\u5b89\u62c9\uff01\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8654\u8bda\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u62dc\u529f\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5473\u5730\u62cd\u624b\u3001\u5439\u53e3\u54e8\u548c\u5439\u53f7\u89d2\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u671d\u89d0\u7684\u5e94\u53ec\u8bcd\u4e5f\u88ab\u6b6a\u66f2\u6210\uff1a“\u9664\u4e86\u88ab\u4f60\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u3002\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u4ed6\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u867d\u7136\u732e\u7272\u8fd8\u4ee5\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u7272\u755c\u7684\u8840\u5374\u88ab\u6cfc\u5728\u5929\u623f\u5899\u58c1\u4e0a\uff0c\u7272\u755c\u7684\u8089\u88ab\u6302\u5728\u5929\u623f\u67f1\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u5b89\u62c9\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u8089\u548c\u8840\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u996e\u9152\u4f5c\u4e50\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8d5b\u8bd7\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u671d\u89d0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u5934\u620f\u3002\u8bd7\u4eba\u8d5e\u626c\u5404\u81ea\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u52c7\u6562\u548c\u4f18\u8d8a\uff0c\u5938\u5927\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u602f\u61e6\u548c\u8d2a\u5a6a\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u70ab\u5bcc\u7ade\u8d5b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u843d\u9996\u9886\u90fd\u4f1a\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u9505\uff0c\u4e3a\u671d\u89d0\u8005\u716e\u8089\u4ee5\u793a\u6177\u6168\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u53e4\u5723\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u4e3a\u5d07\u62dc\u5b89\u62c9\u800c\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u5929\u623f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u591a\u795e\u6559\u5f92\u73b7\u6c61\u548c\u4eb5\u6e0e\uff0c\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u671d\u89d0\u4eea\u5f0f\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u60b2\u54c0\u60e8\u72b6\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u8fd12500\u5e74\uff0c\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u66fe\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7948\u7977\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u6211<\/strong>\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u554a\uff01\u6c42\u4f60\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u6d3e\u9063\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u65cf\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ba3\u8bfb\u4f60\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u4ed6\u4eec\u5929\u7ecf\u548c\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u85b0\u9676\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u4f60\u786e\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u786e\u662f\u81f3\u777f\u7684<\/strong>\u3002<\/strong>” (<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong> 2:129)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u679c\u771f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u53eb\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7·\u672c·\u963f\u535c\u675c\u62c9\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u66fe\u4e3a\u4e4b\u7948\u7977\u7684\u57ce\u9547\u3002\u4ed6\u752823\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4f7f\u8005\u4e00\u8109\u76f8\u627f\u7684\u4e00\u795e\u8bba\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u5730\u4e0a\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u6cd5\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u7aed\u5c3d\u5168\u529b\u8ba9\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u8a00\u8f9e\u6210\u4e3a\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4ed6\u6218\u80dc\u4e86\u865a\u5984\uff0c\u7c89\u788e\u4e86\u5076\u50cf\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u8ba9\u5929\u623f\u6210\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u5d07\u62dc\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6e05\u9664\u4e86\u5929\u623f\u5185\u5916\u7684\u6c61\u57a2\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u5148\u77e5\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u65f6\u4ee3\u5b89\u62c9\u5141\u8bb8\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u6240\u6709\u671d\u89d0\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u964d\u793a\u7279\u6b8a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u8499\u6627\u65f6\u671f\u6240\u6709\u7316\u7357\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002\u6076\u8a00\u6076\u884c\u5168\u90fd\u88ab\u5b89\u62c9\u4e25\u4ee4\u7981\u6b62\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u5728\u671d<\/strong>\u89d0\u4e2d\u5f53\u6212\u9664\u6deb\u8f9e\uff0c\u6076\u8a00\u548c\u4e89\u8fa9<\/strong>\u3002<\/strong>”(<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong> 2:197)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u9882\u626c\u7956\u5148\u548c\u90e8\u843d\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u8d5b\u8bd7\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4f60<\/strong>\u4eec\u5728\u4e3e\u884c\u671d\u89d0\u7684\u5178\u793c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u8bb0\u5ff5\u771f\u4e3b\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u8bb0\u5ff5\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u4e00\u6837\uff0c<\/strong>\u6216<\/strong>\u8bb0\u5ff5\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u4e9b\u3002<\/strong>” (<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong> 2:200)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u70ab\u5bcc\u7ade\u8d5b\u4e5f\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5584\u5f85\u671d\u89d0\u8005\u4ecd\u50cf\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e00\u6837\u88ab\u9f13\u52b1\u7740\uff0c\u4f46\u5b89\u62c9\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u732e\u7272\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bfb\u6c42\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u559c\u60a6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u540d\u8a89\u548c\u8d5e\u8d4f\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u5b83<\/strong>\u4eec\u6392\u5217\u6210\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u4e3a\u5c60\u5bb0\u5b83\u4eec\u800c\u8bb0\u5ff5\u771f\u4e3b\u4e4b\u540d<\/strong>\uff1b\u5f53\u5b83<\/strong>\u4eec\u4fa7\u5367\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u4f60<\/strong>\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5403\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8089\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u5f53\u7528\u6765\u6b3e\u5f85\u77e5\u8db3\u7684\u8d2b\u6c11\u548c\u4e5e\u8ba8\u7684\u8d2b\u6c11\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>(<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong> <\/strong>22:36)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u81f3\u4e8e\u5f80\u5929\u623f\u5899\u58c1\u6cfc\u8840\u548c\u6302\u8089\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u4e5f\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/strong>“<\/strong>\u5b83<\/strong>\u4eec\u7684\u8089\u548c\u8840\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u771f\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u8654\u8bda\uff0c\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4ed6\u3002<\/strong>”(<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>22:37)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7981\u6b62\u4e86\u88f8\u4f53\u73af\u6e38\u5929\u623f\u7684\u611a\u6627\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\u5bf9\u5176\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u7684\u7591\u60d1\u548c\u4e89\u8bba\u4e5f\u88ab\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c16\u9510\u5730\u6279\u9a73\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4f60<\/strong>\u8bf4\uff1a<\/strong>‘<\/strong>\u771f\u4e3b<\/strong>\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u4ec6\u4eba<\/strong>\u521b\u9020\u7684\u670d\u9970\u548c\u4f73\u7f8e\u7684\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u8c01\u80fd\u7981\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eec\u53bb\u4eab\u53d7\u5462<\/strong>\uff1f<\/strong>’” (<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong> 7:32)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u6076\u4e60\u662f\uff0c\u671d\u89d0\u8005\u4e0d\u4e3a\u671d\u89d0\u65c5\u884c\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u8499\u6627\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4e3a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u8654\u8bda\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6258\u9760\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u4e00\u8def\u884c\u4e5e\u5230\u9ea6\u52a0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u90a3\u662f\u8654\u8bda\uff0c\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5b89\u62c9\u6709\u7740\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u544a\u8bc9\u4eba\u4eec\uff1a\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u671d\u89d0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u4f60<\/strong>\u4eec\u5f53<\/strong>\u51c6<\/strong>\u5907\u65c5<\/strong>\u8d39\uff0c<\/strong>\u4f46\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65c5<\/strong>\u8d39\u662f\u656c\u754f\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>(<\/strong>\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong> <\/strong>2:197)<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8499\u6627\u65f6\u671f\u6240\u6709\u964b\u4e60\u88ab\u5e9f\u6b62\uff0c\u671d\u89d0\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u4e3a\u8654\u8bda\u656c\u754f\u3001\u7eaf\u6d01\u6734\u7d20\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u671d\u89d0\u8005\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5929\u623f\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u72c2\u6b22\u3001\u5b09\u620f\u4e0e\u8f7b\u8584\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb0\u7272\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\uff0c\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u671d\u89d0\uff0c\u56de\u8d50\u53ea\u6709\u5929\u5802\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff1a“<\/strong>\u7eaf\u5584<\/strong>\u7684\u671d<\/strong>\u89d0<\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u56de<\/strong>\u8d50\u53ea\u662f\u5929\u5802\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":9181,"lft":1748,"rght":1749,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-13T19:01:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T10:03:54.000000Z","language_id":18,"user_id":7,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":21,"parent_id":980,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"Transactions & Worship","category_slug":"Transactions-Worship","get_date":"2014-08-13","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-A History of the Hajj.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-A History of the Hajj.docx"},{"id":3480,"title":"Dates: Relief of Pain","slug":"dates-relief-of-pain","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-Dates -Relief of Pain.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-Dates -Relief of Pain.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:dates-relief-of-pain","hint":"

\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062d: \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631:<\/span> \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 MissionIslam.com - \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Dates: Relief of Pain<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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It is a long-established custom among Muslim parents to put a piece of well-chewed date (or other available sweet fruit) in the mouth of a newborn baby.  Muslims do this following the practice of the Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, believing him to bee, as the Quran says, sent as a healing and a mercy to mankind.  We may infer from the way this custom originated that there is a virtue in it.  There is - complimentary to the virtue and pleasure of following the Sunnah (the practice of the Prophet) - placing a `sugary substance’ inside the mouth of a new-born baby dramatically reduces pain sensation and heart rate.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

An interesting scientific medical study, published in the British Medical Journal (No. 6993, 10 June 1995), proved beyond any doubt the benefit of giving a new-born child sugar, in order to reduce the feeling of any painful procedure like heel pricking for a blood sample or before circumcision.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The study, entitled `The analgesic (pain killing) effect of sucrose in full term infants: a randomized controlled trial’, was done by Nora Haouari, Christopher Wood, Gillian Griffiths and Malcolm Levene in the post-natal ward in the Leeds General Infirmary in England.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

60 healthy infants of gestational age 37-42 weeks and postnatal age of 1-6 days, were randomized to receive 2ml of one of the four solutions: 12.5% sucrose, 25% sucrose, 50% sucrose, and sterile water (control).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The first group of 30 babies received sugar syrup before a routine blood test (heel pricking, which is usually painful) done to detect jaundice.  The other 30 babies were given only sterile water as a control group.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Placing 2ml of a 25% or 50% sucrose solution on the tongue before pricking the heel significantly reduced the crying time, compared to babies who got water.  Also, their heart rate returned to normal more quickly.  The stronger sugar solution had the greater effect, crying being reduced further with increasing concentration of sucrose.  From which we may conclude that sucrose (sugar) placed on the tongue may bee a useful and safe form of analgesia for use with newborn infants.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Blass and Hoffmeyer also showed that 12% solution of inter-oral sucrose significantly reduced the duration of crying in new-born babies subjected to heel pricking or circumcision.  This study was reported in The Independent newspaper (Friday 9 June 1995) as well as in the British Medical Journal article.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The practice of the Prophet, upon him b piece, is recorded in the collections of his sayings and reports about him, of which the most revered are the two authentic collections of Al-Bukhari and Muslim:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Abu Buradah reported from Abu Musa, who said:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“I had a new-born baby; I took him to the Prophet Muhammad, who called him Ibrahim.  The Prophet chewed a date then he took it and rubbed the inside of the baby’s mouth with it.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

There are many other reported incidents like this one.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The date contains a very high percentage of sugar (70-80%); it has both fructose and glucose which have high calorific values, it is easily and quickly digestible, and very helpful to the brain.  The date contains 2.2% protein, vitamin A, vitamins B1, B2 ad nicotruic acid (against Pellagra); it has traces of minerals needed for the body such as potassium, sodium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper.  Potassium, of which percentage is very high, has been found to be very effective for cases of haemorrhage, such as the occasions of birth or circumcision.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

We may note that the Sunnah also commends dates for the breaking of the fast in Ramadan.  Dates should be eaten, if available, before the sunset prayer - this is medically and nutritionally the best way and the Sunnah.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The great worth of dates is also indicated in a famous and beautiful passage of the Quran, in chapter named Maryam, verses 25-6:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“And shake towards you the trunk of the palm-tree and it will drop on you fresh ripe dates.  So eat and drink and be comforted.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

This was the prescription of God, the Creator, for the blessed Virgin Mary at the time of the birth of Jesus, the blessed Prophet of God.  It was a prescription to make the delivery easy and comfortable.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

As the authors of the medical study referred to intend trying new sugary or sweet substances, we shall recommend that they try dates for the newborn for the relief of pain.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“We shall show them our signs on he furthest horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth.  Is it not sufficient that your Lord is witness over all things?” (Quran 41:53)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":17254,"lft":6801,"rght":6816,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-26T04:08:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T08:30:19.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":13,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":12,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"For New Muslim","category_slug":"For-New-Muslim","get_date":"2014-12-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-Dates -Relief of Pain.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-Dates -Relief of Pain.docx"},{"id":3481,"title":"D\u00e1tiles: Alivio del Dolor","slug":"dtiles-alivio-del-dolor","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Dates -Relief of Pain.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Dates -Relief of Pain.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:dtiles-alivio-del-dolor","hint":"","body":"

Dátiles: Alivio del Dolor<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Es una costumbre establecida hace años entre los padres musulmanes colocar un trozo de dátil, bien masticado, (u otra fruta dulce) en la boca del recién nacido.  Lo hacen siguiendo las prácticas del Profeta Muhámmad, que Dios le de Paz, porque creen que es un enviado de Dios, como dice en el Corán, como medio de sanación y misericordia para toda la humanidad.  Podemos referirnos a la manera en que esta costumbre se originó, ya que en ella hay un gran beneficio.  Esta es – complementaria a la virtud del placer de seguir el Sunnah (la práctica del Profeta) – colocar una ‘sustancia azucarada’ dentro de la boca de un bebé recién nacido reduce dramáticamente la sensación de dolor y las pulsaciones.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Un interesante estudio médico científico, publicado en la British Medical Journal (Diario Médico británico) (No.  6993, 10 de junio de 1995), probó sin dejar duda alguna los beneficios de darle al recién nacido azúcar, para reducir la sensación de dolor como el pinchazo en el talón para una muestra de sangre o antes de la circuncisión.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

El estudio, titulado: 'El efecto analgésico de la sacarosa en referencia a los niños: un proceso de control aleatorio, realizado por Nora Haouari, Christopher Wood, Gillian Griffiths y Malcolm Levene en el pabellón post-natal del Hospital General de Leeds Inglaterra.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

60 infantes sanos de edad de gestación de 37-2 semanas y edad post-natal de 1-6 días, recibieron de manera aleatoria 2ml de una de las cuatro soluciones: 12,5% sacarosa, 25% sacarosa, 50% sacarosa, y agua esterilizada (de control).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

El primer grupo de 30 bebés recibió jarabe de azúcar antes de una prueba de sangre de rutina (pinchazo en el talón, generalmente doloroso) para detectar ictericia.  Los otros 30 bebés sólo recibieron agua esterilizada como grupo de control.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Colocar 2ml de una solución de sacarosa de 25% o 50% en la lengua de un bebé antes de pinchar reduce significativamente el tiempo del llanto, comparado con los bebés que recibieron solo agua.  También, sus pulsaciones regresaron a la normalidad más rápido de lo normal.  La solución de azúcar más fuerte tuvo el mejor efecto, reduciendo más el llanto con el incremento de la sacarosa.  De lo cual debemos concluir que la sacarosa (azúcar) colocada en la lengua puede ser útil u segura como analgésico para el uso en infantes recién nacidos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Blass y Hoffmeyer también demostraron que 12% de solución oral de sacarosa para el pinchazo o la circuncisión también redujo el tiempo de duración del llanto del bebé.  Este estudio fue informado en el Diario ‘The Independent’ (viernes 9 de junio de 1995) así como también en el artículo del Diario Médico Británico.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

La práctica del Profeta, está registrada en la colecciones de los dichos e informes acerca de su vida, en donde las más reconocidas son las dos colecciones auténticas de Al-Bujari y Muslim.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Abu Buradah informó de Abu Musa, quien dijo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Cuando mi esposa dio a luz; lo llevé al Profeta Muhámmad, quien lo llamó Ibrahím.  El Profeta masticó un dátil, luego lo tomó y lo untó dentro de la boca del bebé.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Hay muchos mas informes como este.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Los dátiles contienen un alto porcentaje de azúcar (70-80%); tiene fructosa y glucosa que tienen alto valor en calorías, es fácil y rápidamente digerible, es muy beneficioso para el desarrollo del cerebro.  El dátil contiene 2.2% de proteínas, vitamina A, vitaminas B1, B2 y ácido nicotruic (contra la Pelagra); tiene minerales necesarios para el cuerpo como potasio, sodio, calcio, hierro, manganeso y cobre.  El potasio, con un porcentaje muy alto, se ha demostrado que es muy efectivo para los casos de hemorragia, tales como los casos de nacimiento y circuncisión.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Podemos destacar que en la Sunnah también se aconsejan los dátiles para la ruptura del ayuno en Ramadán.  Los dátiles se deben comer, si están disponibles, antes de la oración del ocaso, esto es médica y nutricionalmente la mejor forma de desayunar y por supuesto, también es la Sunnah.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

La importancia de los dátiles también se indica en un hermoso pasaje del Corán, en el capítulo llamado Mariam, versículos 25-26<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “Sacude el tronco de la palmera y caerán sobre ti dátiles maduros y frescos.  Come, bebe y complácete.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ésta fue la orden de Dios, el Creador, para la Virgen María en el momento del nacimiento de Jesús, el Profeta bendito de Dios.  Era una medida para hacer el parto fácil y cómodo. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Como los autores del estudio médico referido intentan probar con una nueva sustancia azucarada o dulce, recomendamos el dátil para el alivio del dolor en los recién nacidos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Les haremos ver Nuestros signos en los horizontes, y en ellos mismos, hasta que se les evidencie [a través de ellos] la Verdad.  ¿Acaso no es suficiente tu Señor como Testigo de todo?” (Corán 41:53)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":12533,"lft":6802,"rght":6803,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-26T04:08:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T04:32:18.000000Z","language_id":12,"user_id":13,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":12,"parent_id":3480,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"For New Muslim","category_slug":"For-New-Muslim","get_date":"2014-12-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Dates -Relief of Pain.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Dates -Relief of Pain.docx"},{"id":3482,"title":"Les dattes : un soulagement contre la douleur","slug":"les-dattes--un-soulagement-contre-la-douleur","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Dates -Relief of Pain.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Dates -Relief of Pain.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:les-dattes--un-soulagement-contre-la-douleur","hint":"","body":"

Les dattes : un soulagement contre la douleur<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Une coutume de longue date chez les musulmans consiste à placer un morceau de datte bien mâchée (ou un morceau d’un autre fruit sucré de saison) dans la bouche d’un nouveau-né.  Les musulmans font cela pour suivre l’exemple du prophète Mohammed (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui), car ils considèrent fermement, comme le Coran le mentionne, qu’il a été envoyé pour guérir l’humanité et répandre la miséricorde de Dieu sur terre.  De par son origine, cette coutume à plus d’une vertu.  En plus de la vertu et du plaisir de suivre la sounnah (le mode de vie du Prophète), insérer une substance sucrée dans la bouche d’un nouveau-né réduit considérablement sa sensation de douleur et son rythme cardiaque.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Une étude médicale intéressante, publiée dans le British Médical Journal (No. 6693, en date du 10 juin 1995), a prouvé sans aucun doute possible les bienfaits de donner du sucre à un nouveau-né pour réduire sa sensation lors d’une procédure douloureuse, comme celle qui consiste à le piquer au talon pour prélever un échantillon de sang, ou encore avant une circoncision.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

L’étude, intitulée « L’effet analgésique du sucrose chez les nouveau-nés menés à terme: un essai aléatoire contrôlé », fut menée par Nora Haouari, Christopher Wood, Gillian Griffiths et Malcolm Levene, dans la salle postnatale du Leeds General Infirmary, en Angleterre.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

60 nouveau-nés bien portants, dont la gestation à duré de 37 à 42 semaines, et d’âge postnatal de 1 à 6 jours ont reçu aléatoirement 2ml d’une solution parmi les quatre suivantes: sucrose à 12.5% de dilution, sucrose à 25%, sucrose à 50%, et eau stérile (groupe de contrôle).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le premier groupe de 30 bébés a reçu du sirop de sucre avant un test sanguin de routine (qui consistait à les piquer au talon, ce qui est habituellement douloureux) pour détecter la jaunisse.  On a donné aux autres 30 bébés du groupe de contrôle uniquement de l’eau stérile.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le fait de placer 2ml d’une solution à 25% ou à 50% de sucrose sur la langue du bébé avant de le piquer au talon a réduit de manière significative la durée des pleurs, comparativement aux bébés ayant reçu uniquement de l’eau.  Leur rythme cardiaque est également retourné à la normale plus rapidement.  La solution à concentration plus forte a eu plus d’effet, la durée des pleurs diminuant à mesure que la concentration en sucrose augmentait.  Ainsi, nous pouvons conclure que placer du sucrose (sucre) sur la langue des nouveau-nés peut constituer une forme d’analgésique utile et sans risque.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Blass et Hoffmeyer ont aussi démontré qu’une solution intra-orale à 12% de sucrose réduisait considérablement la durée des pleurs chez les nouveau-nés soumis à une piqûre au talon ou lors de la circoncision.  Cette étude a paru dans le journal The Independent (dans son édition de vendredi le 9 juin 1995) de même que dans un article du British Medical Journal.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Cette pratique du Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) est rapportée dans les recueils de ses paroles et des récits rapportés à son sujet, dont les plus estimés sont les deux collections authentiques de Al-Boukhari et de Mouslim.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Abou Bouradah relate qu’Abou Moussa a dit :<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Ma femme accoucha d’un nouveau-né; je l’amenai voir le prophète Mohammed, qui décida de l’appeler Ibrahim.  Le prophète mâcha une datte puis la pris entre ses doigts et en frotta l’intérieur de la bouche du bébé. »<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Plusieurs autres récits tels similaires ont également été rapportés.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

On peut aussi noter que la sounnah recommande les dattes au moment de la rupture du jeûne durant le mois de ramadan. Il est recommandé de manger des dattes avant la prière du coucher du soleil; d’un point de vue médical et nutritionnel, c’est l’idéal et en plus, c’est la sounnah.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

La grande valeur des dattes est aussi mentionnée dans un beau passage très connu du Coran, dans la sourate intitulée Maryam, versets 25-26:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Et secoue vers toi le tronc du palmier; il en tombera des dattes fraîches et  mûres.  Mange et bois, et réjouis-toi. » (Coran 19:25-6)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

C’était là la prescription que Dieu, le Créateur, a faite à la vierge Marie au moment où elle a accouché de Jésus, le prophète béni de Dieu.  C’était une prescription visant à lui rendre l’accouchement facile et à en diminuer l’inconfort.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Comme les auteurs de l’étude médicale avaient suggéré qu’ils avaient l’intention de tester de nouvelles substances sucrées, nous nous permettons de leur proposer d’essayer les dattes comme analgésique pour les nouveau-nés.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

« Nous leur montrerons Nos signes dans l’univers et en eux-mêmes, jusqu’à ce qu’il leur devienne évident que [ce Coran] est la vérité.  Ne suffit-il pas que ton Seigneur soit témoin de toute chose? » (Coran 41:53)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":14690,"lft":6804,"rght":6805,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-26T04:08:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T07:33:05.000000Z","language_id":9,"user_id":13,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":12,"parent_id":3480,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"For New Muslim","category_slug":"For-New-Muslim","get_date":"2014-12-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Dates -Relief of Pain.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Dates -Relief of Pain.docx"},{"id":3483,"title":"Datteln: Schmerzstiller","slug":"datteln-schmerzstiller","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-Dates -Relief of Pain.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-Dates -Relief of Pain.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:datteln-schmerzstiller","hint":"","body":"

Datteln: Schmerzstiller<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Es ist ein festverankerter Brauch bei muslimischen Eltern, ein Stück gut zerkaute Dattel (oder einer anderen süßen Frucht) in den Mund eines Neugeborenen zu legen.  Muslime tun dies, weil sie den Taten und Handlungsweisen des Propheten Muhammad, Gottes Segen und Frieden seien auf ihm, folgen und glauben, dass er, wie es im Qur´an steht, als eine Heilung und Gnade für die Menschheit gesandt worden ist.  Wir können von dem Weg, den dieser Brauch nahm, schlussfolgern, dass darin ein besonderer Wert verborgen liegt.  Es ist – zusätzlich zu dem Wert und der Freude, der Sunnah (den Taten des Propheten ) zu folgen - eine ´zuckerartige Substanz´ in den Mund eines neugeborenen Babys zu stecken, reduziert die Schmerzempfindlichkeit und die Herzfrequenz. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Eine interessante medizinische Studie, die im ´British Medical Journal´ (No. 6993, 10 Juni 1995) veröffentlicht wurde, bewies ohne Zweifel, den Nutzen, einem neugeborenen Baby Zucker zu geben, um das Gefühl für jegliche schmerzhafte Prozedur zu verringern, wie das Stechen in die Ferse, um eine Blutprobe zu nehmen oder vor der Beschneidung. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die Studie mit dem Titel \"Der analgetische (schmerzstillende) Effekt von Zucker bei vollentwickelten Säuglingen: eine kontrollierte Zufallsstudie\", durchgeführt von Nora Haouari, Christopher Wood, Gillian Griffiths und Malcolm Levene in der Säuglingsabteilung der Leeds General Infirmary in England.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

60 gesunden Säuglingen nach einer Gestation von 37-42 Wochen und einem Alter von 1-6 Tagen wurden nach dem Zufallsprinzip eine von vier Lösungen verabreicht: 12,5 % ige Zuckerlösung, 25 % ige Zuckerlösung, 50 % ige Zuckerlösung und steriles Wasser (Kontrolle).  Die erste Gruppe von 30 Babys erhielt Zuckersirup vor einem Routinebluttest (Stechen in die Ferse ist normalerweise sehr schmerzhaft), um Gelbsucht festzustellen.  Die anderen 30 Babys erhielten nut steriles Wasser zur Kontrolle. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Das Verabreichen von 2ml einer 25% oder 50%igen Zuckerlösung auf die Zunge vor dem Stechen in die Ferse verringerte die Schreiphase, verglichen mit Babys, die nur Wasser bekommen hatten, signifikant.  Und auch ihre Herzfrequenz normalisierte sich schneller.  Die stärkere Zuckerlösung besaß auch stärkere Wirksamkeit, das Schreien verringerte sich noch mehr mit zunehmender Zuckerkonzentration.  Daraus können wir den Schluss ziehen, dass Zucker auf der Zunge eine nützliche und sichere Form für die Anwendung von Schmerzmitteln bei Neugeborenen sein können.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Blass und Hoffmeyer zeigten ebenfalls, dass 12%ige Zuckerlösung das Andauern der Schreiphase bei neugeborenen Babys, denen Fersenblut entnommen wird oder die beschnitten werden, signifikant verringert.  Diese Studie wurde in ´The Independent newspaper´ (vom 9 Juni 1995) und dem ´British Medical Journal´ berichtet.   <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die Handlungsweise des Propheten, Gottes Segen und Frieden seien auf ihm, wurde in den Sammlungen seiner Aussagen und in Berichten über ihn überliefert, von denen die meisten in den beiden authentischen Sammlungen von Al-Bukhari und Muslim zu finden sind.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Abu Buradah berichtete von Abu Musa, der sagte:. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Ich hatte ein neugeborenes Baby; ich nahm es mit zum Propheten Muhammad, der ihn Ibrahim nannte.  Der Prophet zerkaute ein Stück Dattel, dann nahm er es und rieb es dem Baby an die Innenseite des Mundes.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Es gibt noch viele andere Berichte wie diesen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Die Dattel enthält einen sehr hohen Zuckeranteil (70-80%); sie enthält sowohl Fruktose als auch Glukose, wodurch sie ziemlich kalorienreich ist; sie ist leicht und schnellverdaulich und sehr hilfreich für das Gehirn.  Die Dattel enthält 2,2% Protein, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, B2, Nikotinsäure (gegen Pellagra); sie besitzt Spurenelemente wie Kalium, Natrium, Calcium, Eisen, Mangan, Kupfer.  Kalium, dessen Anteil sehr hoch ist, ist sehr wirkungsvoll bei starken Blutungen, wie in Fällen von Geburten und Beschneidungen.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Wir können dem noch hinzfügen, dass in der Sunnah auch empfohlen wird, Datteln beim Fastenbrechen im Ramadhan zu essen.  Die Datteln sollten wenn möglich vor dem Gebet bei Sonnenuntergang gegessen werden – dies ist medizinisch und ernährungsmäßig die beste Art und Weise, und sie entspricht der Sunnah. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Auf den großartigen Wert der Datteln wird auch in einer berühmten und sehr schönen Passage des Qur´an hingewiesen, in dem Kapitel mit dem Namen Maryam, Vers 25-26: .<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Und schüttele den Stamm der Palme in deine Richtung, und sie wird frische reife Datteln auf dich fallen lassen.  So iss und trink und sei frohen Mutes.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Hier handelt es sich um die Verschreibung Gottes, des Schöpfers, für die gesegnete Jungfrau  Maria zu der Zeit, als Jesus geboren wurde, der gesegnete Prophet Gottes.  Es war eine Verschreibung, die die Geburt erleichtern sollte. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Was die Autoren der medizinischen Studien angeht, die beabsichtigten, neue zuckerartige oder süße Substanzen auszuprobieren, können wir ihnen empfehlen, Datteln für die Neugeborenen auszuprobieren, um die Schmerzen zu erleichtern.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Wir werden sie Unsere Zeichen überall auf Erden und an ihnen selbst sehen lassen, damit ihnen deutlich wird, dass es die Wahrheit ist.  Genügt es denn nicht, dass dein Herr Zeuge aller Dinge ist?” (Quran 41:53)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":14221,"lft":6806,"rght":6807,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-26T04:08:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T09:09:20.000000Z","language_id":7,"user_id":13,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":12,"parent_id":3480,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"For New Muslim","category_slug":"For-New-Muslim","get_date":"2014-12-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-Dates -Relief of Pain.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-Dates -Relief of Pain.docx"},{"id":3484,"title":"\u0424\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0423\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0438","slug":"--adgsghhrhwrsaf","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Dates -Relief of Pain.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Dates -Relief of Pain.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:--adgsghhrhwrsaf","hint":"","body":"

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\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c “\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439  \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0437\u044b \u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432: \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/em>” \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e \u041d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0425\u0430\u043e\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0438, \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0412\u0443\u0434, \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0442\u0441 \u0438 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0434\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

60 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0433\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0443\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e) \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430 37-42 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 1\u0434\u043e 6 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 2 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432: 12.5 %-\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430, 25%-\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430, 50%-\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 (30 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432) \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438 (\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c), \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0445\u0438. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c 30 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 2 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 25%-\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 50%-\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0437\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043a \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443.  \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0437\u044b. \u041e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430 (\u0441\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440), \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0411\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0438 \u0425\u043e\u0444\u0444\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0435\u0440 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e 12%-\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0437\u044b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u041e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u041d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0435 (\u043f\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 9 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044f 1995 \u0433.), \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u041c\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0410\u0431\u0443 \u0411\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0431\u0443 \u041c\u0443\u0441\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0423 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0451\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u0438 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0451\u0441 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0443 (\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0436\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430».<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0424\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430 (70-80 %): \u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u044e\u043a\u043e\u0437\u0430, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433\u0430. \u0424\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442 2,2 % \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430, \u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d A, \u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044b B1, B2, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0435 (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0440\u044b), \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430: \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430, \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0430, \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438. \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c,  \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041c\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0424\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0443\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041e\u0431 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0435 «\u041c\u0430\u0440\u044c\u044f\u043c»:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

«\u0418 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043b \u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 – \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043a \u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435: \u0435\u0448\u044c, \u043f\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0448\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438» (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 19:25-26).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u044c\u044f\u043c \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0430, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f  \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432  \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043c\u044b  \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c  \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u041c\u044b \u0438\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044f \u041d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0445, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e – \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u041d\u0435\u0443\u0436\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0445, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c – \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438?” (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 41:53)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":11905,"lft":6808,"rght":6809,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-26T04:08:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T08:35:20.000000Z","language_id":5,"user_id":13,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":12,"parent_id":3480,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"For New Muslim","category_slug":"For-New-Muslim","get_date":"2014-12-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Dates -Relief of Pain.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Dates -Relief of Pain.docx"},{"id":3485,"title":"T\u00e2maras: Al\u00edvio da Dor","slug":"tmaras-alvio-da-dor","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Dates -Relief of Pain.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Dates -Relief of Pain.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:tmaras-alvio-da-dor","hint":"","body":"

Tâmaras: Alívio da Dor<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

É um costume estabelecido há muito tempo entre os pais muçulmanos colocar um pedaço de tâmara bem mascada (ou outra fruta doce disponível) na boca de um bebê recém-nascido.  Os muçulmanos fazem isso seguindo a prática do Profeta Muhammad, que Deus o exalte, acreditando que ele, como o Alcorão diz, foi enviado como uma cura e misericórdia para a humanidade.  Nós podemos inferir a partir da forma como esse costume se originou que nele existe uma virtude.  Além da virtude e satisfação de seguir a Sunnah (a prática do Profeta), colocar uma substância adocicada dentro da boca de um bebê recém-nascido reduz dramaticamente a sensação de dor e o batimento cardíaco.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Um estudo médico científico interessante, publicado no British Medical Journal (Jornal Médico Britânico<\/em>) (No. 6993, 10 Junho de 1995), provou sem sombra de dúvidas o benefício de dar açúcar a um recém-nascido, para reduzir a sensação de qualquer procedimento doloroso como a picada da agulha para retirada de sangue ou antes da circuncisão.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O estudo, intitulado ‘O efeito analgésico da sacarose em bebês de termo: um teste controlado aleatório’, foi feito por Nora Haouari, Christopher Wood, Gillian Griffiths e Malcolm Levene na seção pós-natal no Leeds General Infirmary na Inglaterra.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Sessenta bebês saudáveis de gestações que duraram 37- 42 semanas e idade pós-natal de 1 – 6 dias, foram aleatoriamente escolhidos para receber 2 ml de uma das quatro soluções: 12,5% de sacarose, 25% de sacarose, 50% de sacarose e água estéril (controle).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O primeiro grupo de 30 bebês recebeu xarope de açúcar antes do exame de sangue de rotina (retirado com agulha, geralmente doloroso) feito para detectar icterícia.  Os outros 30 bebês receberam apenas água estéril como grupo de controle.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Colocar 2 ml de uma solução de sacarose a 25% ou 50% na língua antes da picada da agulha reduziu significativamente o tempo de choro, comparado com os bebês que receberam água. Seus batimentos cardíacos também retornaram ao normal mais rapidamente.  Quanto mais forte era a solução de açúcar, maior era o efeito, com o choro sendo reduzido com o aumento da concentração de sacarose.  Disso podemos concluir que a sacarose (açúcar) colocada na língua pode ser uma forma útil e segura de analgésico para uso em bebês recém-nascidos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Blass e Hoffmeyer também demonstraram que 12% de solução intra-oral de sacarose reduzia significativamente a duração do choro em bebês recém-nascidos sujeitos à picada de agulha ou circuncisão.  Esse estudo foi relatado no jornal The Independent (Sexta 9 de Junho de 1995) e também no artigo do British Medical Journal (Jornal Médico Britânico<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A prática do Profeta, que sobre ele esteja a Paz, está registrada nas coletâneas de seus ditos e relatos sobre ele, das quais as mais reverenciadas são as duas coletâneas autênticas de Al-Bukhari e Muslim:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Abu Buradah relatou de Abu Musa, que disse:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Eu tinha um bebê recém-nascido; eu o levei ao Profeta Muhammad, que o chamou de Ibrahim.  O Profeta mascou uma tâmara e então a esfregou no interior da boca do bebê.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Existem muitos outros incidentes como esse relatados.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A tâmara contém uma alta porcentagem de açúcar (70-80%); tem frutose e glicose que têm altos valores calóricos, é digerível fácil e rapidamente, e é muito útil para o cérebro.  A tâmara contém 2,2% de proteína, vitamina A, vitaminas B1, B2 e ácido nicotínico (contra Pelagra); tem traços de minerais necessários para o corpo como potássio, sódio, cálcio, ferro, manganês, cobre.  O potássio, cuja porcentagem é muito alta, é muito efetivo nos casos de hemorragia, como as que ocorrem no parto ou circuncisão.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Podemos destacar que a Sunnah também recomenda tâmaras para quebrar o jejum no Ramadã.  As tâmaras devem ser comidas, se disponíveis, antes da oração do pôr-do-sol - essa é médica e nutricionalmente a melhor forma e a Sunnah.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

O grande valor das tâmaras também é indicado em uma bela e famosa passagem do Alcorão, no capítulo chamado Maria, versículos 25-6:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“E move em tua direção o tronco da tamareira e ela fará cair sobre ti tâmaras maduras e frescas.  Então come e bebe e seja confortada.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Essa foi a prescrição de Deus, o Criador, para a abençoada Virgem Maria no momento do nascimento de Jesus, o abençoado Profeta de Deus.  Foi uma prescrição para fazer com que o parto fosse fácil e confortável.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Como os autores do estudo médico mencionado pretendem testar novas substâncias açucaradas, nós recomendamos que eles tentem tâmaras para os recém-nascidos no alívio da dor.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“Nós os faremos ver Nossos nos horizontes e neles mesmos, até que se torne evidente, para eles, que o Alcorão é a verdade.  Não é suficiente que o teu Senhor seja testemunha sobre todas as coisas?” (Alcorão 41:53)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":12015,"lft":6810,"rght":6811,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-26T04:08:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T09:56:33.000000Z","language_id":15,"user_id":13,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":12,"parent_id":3480,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"For New Muslim","category_slug":"For-New-Muslim","get_date":"2014-12-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Dates -Relief of Pain.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Dates -Relief of Pain.docx"},{"id":3486,"title":"\u6930\u67a3\uff1a\u75c5\u75db\u7684\u89e3\u9664\u5242 ","slug":"-sdgsrherh","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Dates -Relief of Pain.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Dates -Relief of Pain.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:-sdgsrherh","hint":"","body":"

\u6930<\/strong>\u67a3\uff1a\u75c5\u75db\u7684\u89e3\u9664\u5242<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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\u5e03·\u5e03\u62c9\u8fbe\u4ece\u827e\u5e03·\u7a46\u8428\u90a3\u91cc\u4f20\u6765\u4e00\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u6211\u8001\u5a46\u751f\u4e0b\u5b69\u5b50\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u62b1\u5230\u5148\u77e5\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u5148\u77e5\u7ed9\u4ed6\u53d6\u540d\u4e3a\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\uff0c\u5148\u77e5\u8fd8\u56bc\u788e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6930\u67a3\uff0c\u628a\u67a3\u6ce5\u585e\u8fdb\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5634\u91cc\u3002”<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u5723\u8bad\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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“<\/strong>\u4f60\u5411\u7740\u4f60\u7684\u65b9\u5411<\/strong>\u6447\u64bc\u6930\u67a3\u6811\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u65b0\u9c9c\u7684\u3001\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6930\u67a3\u7eb7\u7eb7\u843d\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u9762\u524d\u3002\u4f60\u5403\u5427\uff0c\u4f60\u559d\u5427\uff0c\u4f60\u6109\u5feb\u5427\uff01<\/strong>”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u5b89\u62c9\u4e3a\u5145\u6ee1\u798f\u5206\u7684\u5904\u5973\u9ea6\u5c14\u5f66\u5f00\u7684\u836f\u65b9\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5979\u6b63\u5728\u5206\u5a29\u8036\u7a23——\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u5148\u77e5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5904\u65b9\u4f7f\u751f\u80b2\u5b69\u5b50\u53d8\u5f97\u5bb9\u6613\u3001\u8212\u670d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6839\u636e\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u63a8\u8350\u65b0\u7684\u7cd6\u6c34\u6216\u8005\u751c\u98df\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u4e3a\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u63a8\u8350\u6930\u67a3\uff0c\u8ba9\u7236\u6bcd\u7ed9\u5a74\u513f\u5582\u6930\u67a3\u4ee5\u51cf\u7f13\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u56db\u65b9\u548c\u5728\u4ed6<\/strong>\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u6211\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8ff9\u8c61\u662d\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u660e\u767d\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u786e\u662f\u771f\u7406\u3002\u96be\u9053\u4f60\u7684\u4e3b\u80fd\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e07\u7269\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u5417\uff1f<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong>41<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>53<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13568,"lft":6812,"rght":6813,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-26T04:08:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T09:05:27.000000Z","language_id":18,"user_id":13,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":12,"parent_id":3480,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"For New Muslim","category_slug":"For-New-Muslim","get_date":"2014-12-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Dates -Relief of Pain.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Dates -Relief of Pain.docx"},{"id":3487,"title":"\u30ca\u30c4\u30e1\u30e4\u30b7\uff1a\u82e6\u75db\u306e\u8efd\u6e1b ","slug":"-dehsjrsykjry","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Dates -Relief of Pain.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Dates -Relief of Pain.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:-dehsjrsykjry","hint":"","body":"

\u30ca\u30c4\u30e1\u30e4\u30b7\uff1a\u82e6\u75db\u306e\u8efd\u6e1b<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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\u30d6\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u30fb\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30ab\u30eb\u30fb\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30ca\u30eb\uff08\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u533b\u5e2b\u4f1a\u96d1\u8a8c – 1995\u5e746\u670810\u65e5\u53f7 No.6993\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u767a\u8868\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u8840\u6db2\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u306e\u63a1\u53d6\u6642\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5272\u793c\u524d\u306e\u65b0\u751f\u5150\u3078\u7cd6\u5206\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u82e6\u75db\u304c\u8efd\u6e1b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7591\u5ff5\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u306a\u304f\u78ba\u8a3c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u61d0\u80ce\u671f\u959337\u201042\u9031\u9593\u3001\u7523\u5f8c1\u20106\u65e5\u306e60\u4eba\u306e\u5065\u5eb7\u306a\u65b0\u751f\u5150\u304c\u4efb\u610f\u306b\u9078\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u300112.5%\u8517\u7cd6\u300125%\u8517\u7cd6\u300150%\u8517\u7cd6\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6ec5\u83cc\u6c34\uff08\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bfe\u7167\u7528\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u56db\u3064\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u304b\u30892ml\u3092\u6442\u53d6\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u307e\u305f\u30d6\u30e9\u30b9\u3068\u30db\u30d5\u30de\u30a4\u30e4\u30fc\u3082\u3001\u53e3\u79fb\u3057\u3067\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f12\uff05\u306e\u8517\u7cd6\u306f\u3001\u304b\u304b\u3068\u3078\u306e\u91dd\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5272\u793c\u3092\u884c\u306a\u308f\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u751f\u5150\u306e\u6ce3\u304f\u6642\u9593\u3092\u8457\u3057\u304f\u6e1b\u5c11\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30da\u30f3\u30c7\u30f3\u30c8\u7d19\uff081995\u5e746\u67089\u65e5\u91d1\u66dc\u65e5\u53f7\uff09\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30d6\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u30fb\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30ab\u30eb\u30fb\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30ca\u30eb\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5831\u544a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u9810\u8a00\u8005\uff08\u5f7c\u306b\u5e73\u5b89\u3042\u308c\uff09\u306e\u6163\u884c\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u8a00\u884c\u96c6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8a18\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u6700\u3082\u6a29\u5a01\u9ad8\u3044\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u3068\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u306e\u4e8c\u5927\u771f\u6027\u96c6\u3067\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u30a2\u30d6\u30fc\u30fb\u30d6\u30e9\u30fc\u30c0\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30d6\u30fc\u30fb\u30e0\u30fc\u30b5\u30fc\u304c\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3068\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u79c1\u306e<\/strong>\u606f\u5b50<\/strong>\u304c\u751f<\/strong>\u307e\u308c\u305f<\/strong>\u6642\u3001\u305d\u306e<\/strong>\u5b50<\/strong>\u3092\u9023<\/strong>\u308c\u3066<\/strong>\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3092<\/strong>\u8a2a<\/strong>\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5f7c<\/strong>\u306f\u305d\u306e<\/strong>\u5b50\u3092\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u30e0\u3068<\/strong>\u547c<\/strong>\u3073\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong>\u305d\u3057\u3066<\/strong>\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306f\u30ca\u30c4\u30e1\u30e4\u30b7\u306e\u5b9f\u3092\u565b\u307f\u89e3<\/strong>\u3059\u3068<\/strong>\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092<\/strong>\u8d64\u3093\u574a\u306e\u53e3\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u5165\u308c<\/strong>\u3066\u5857\u4ed8\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u3053\u308c\u306b\u985e\u4f3c\u3057\u305f\u5831\u544a\u306f\u4ed6\u306b\u3082\u591a\u304f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u307e\u305f\u30b9\u30f3\u30ca\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30de\u30c0\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u65ad\u98df\u3092\u89e3\u304f\u969b\u3001\u307e\u305a\u30ca\u30c4\u30e1\u30e4\u30b7\u3092\u3068\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5968\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3082\u3057\u5165\u624b\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u65e5\u6ca1\u793c\u62dd\u306e\u524d\u306b\u98df\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u30fb\u6804\u990a\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u3082\u6700\u5584\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3001\u540c\u6642\u306b\u30b9\u30f3\u30ca\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u30ca\u30c4\u30e1\u30e4\u30b7\u306e\u512a\u308c\u305f\u4fa1\u5024\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u30de\u30eb\u30e4\u30e0\u7ae025−26\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 “<\/strong>\u307e\u305f\u30ca\u30c4\u30e1\u30e4\u30b7\u306e\u5e79\u3092\u3001\u6c5d\u306e\u65b9\u306b\u63fa\u308a\u52d5\u304b\u305b\u3002\u65b0\u9bae\u306a\u719f\u3057\u305f\u30ca\u30c4\u30e1\u30e4\u30b7\u306e\u5b9f\u304c\u843d\u3061\u3066\u3053\u3088\u3046\u3002\u98df\u3079\u4e14\u3064\u98f2\u3093\u3067\u3001<\/strong>\u5b89\u5fc3\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/strong>\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5275\u9020\u4e3b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u795e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u8a95\u751f\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306e\u51e6\u5973\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u3078\u306e\u51e6\u65b9\u7b8b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u51fa\u7523\u3092\u5bb9\u6613\u304b\u3064\u697d\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u51e6\u65b9\u7b8b\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u305f\u3061\u304c\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u7518\u5473\u6599\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3092\u6ce8\u3050\u4e2d\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u65b0\u751f\u5150\u3078\u306e\u93ae\u75db\u5264\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30ca\u30c4\u30e1\u30e4\u30b7\u306e\u5b9f\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u3092\u63a8\u5968\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“<\/strong>\u308f\u308c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u308f\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5fb4\u304c\u771f\u7406\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u660e\u767d\u306b\u306a\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\uff08\u9060\u3044\uff09\u7a7a\u306e\u5f7c\u65b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u307e\u305f\u5f7c\u3089\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\uff08\u793a\u3059\uff09\u3002\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u6c5d\u3089\u306e\u4e3b\u306f\u3001<\/strong>\u5168<\/strong>\u3066\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306e\u7acb\u8a3c\u8005\u3067\u3042\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3082\u5341\u5206\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3002<\/strong>”<\/strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> <\/strong>41<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>53<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":13449,"lft":6814,"rght":6815,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-12-26T04:08:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-04T09:05:08.000000Z","language_id":16,"user_id":13,"author_id":2153,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":12,"parent_id":3480,"author_name":"www.missionislam.com","category_name":"For New Muslim","category_slug":"For-New-Muslim","get_date":"2014-12-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Dates -Relief of Pain.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Dates -Relief of Pain.docx"}],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153?articles_page=1","from":1,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153?articles_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153?articles_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":21,"total":21},"fatawas":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153?fatawas_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153?fatawas_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153?fatawas_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/por\/api\/authors\/2153","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"books_total":0,"videos_total":0,"audios_total":0,"fatawas_total":0,"articles_total":21,"q":"","count":21}

La datte contient un très haut pourcentage de sucre (70 à 80%); elle contient à la fois du fructose et du glucose dont les valeurs caloriques sont élevées.  Elle est aussi facilement et rapidement digestible, et est très bénéfique pour le cerveau.  La datte contient 2.2% de protéines, de la vitamine A, de la vitamine B1, B2 et dutryptophane<\/a> (contre la pellagre); elle contient des traces de minéraux essentiels pour le corps comme du potassium, du sodium, du calcium, du fer, du manganèse et du cuivre.<\/span><\/p>\r\n