{"title":"iiie.net","author":{"id":2082,"name":"iiie.net","slug":"iiie_net","image":"\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","role":"Author","about":"","promote":0,"status":1,"created_at":"2014-07-12T08:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2014-07-12T08:00:00.000000Z","language_id":1,"parent_id":null,"i18ns":[],"image_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/users\/non-profile.jpg","get_name":"iiie.net"},"books":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082?books_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082?books_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"&laquo; Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082?books_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next &raquo;","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"videos":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082?videos_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082?videos_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"&laquo; 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margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The Glorious Quran, the Muslims&rsquo; religious Scripture, was revealed in Arabic to the Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, through the angel Gabriel.&nbsp; The revelation occurred piecemeal, over a period of twenty-three years, sometimes in brief verses and sometimes in longer chapters.<a title=\" Muhammad Hamidullah, Introduction to Islam, London: MWH Publishers, 1979, p.17.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftn23188\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[1]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The Quran (lit. a &ldquo;reading&rdquo; or &ldquo;recitation&rdquo;) is distinct from the recorded sayings and deeds (Sunnah) of the Prophet Muhammad, which are instead preserved in a separate set of literature collectively called the &ldquo;Ahadeeth&rdquo; (lit. &ldquo;news&rdquo;; &ldquo;report&rdquo;; or &ldquo;narration&rdquo;).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Upon receiving revelation, the Prophet engaged himself in the duty of conveying the message to his Companions through reciting the exact words he heard in their exact order.&nbsp; This is evident in his inclusion of even the words of God which were directed specifically to him, for example: &ldquo;Qul&rdquo; (&ldquo;Say [to the people, O Muhammad]&rdquo;).&nbsp; The Quran&rsquo;s rhythmic style and eloquent expression make it easy to memorize.&nbsp; Indeed, God describes this as one of its essential qualities for preservation and remembrance (Q. 44:58; 54:17, 22, 32, 40), particularly in an Arab society which prided itself on orations of lengthy pieces of poetry.&nbsp; Michael Zwettler notes that:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;in ancient times, when writing was scarcely used, memory and oral transmission was exercised and strengthened to a degree now almost unknown.&rdquo;<a title=\" Michael Zwettler, The Oral Tradition of Classical Arabic Poetry, Ohio State Press, 1978, p.14.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftn23189\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[2]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Large portions of the revelation were thus easily memorized by a large number of people in the community of the Prophet.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The Prophet encouraged his Companions to learn each verse that was revealed and transmit it to others.<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.546.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftn23190\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[3]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;The Quran was also required to be recited regularly as an act of worship, especially during the daily meditative prayers (salah).&nbsp; Through these means, many repeatedly heard passages from the revelation recited to them, memorized them and used them in prayer.&nbsp; The entire Quran was memorized verbatim (word for word) by some of the Prophet&rsquo;s Companions.&nbsp; Among them were Zaid ibn Thabit, Ubayy ibn Ka&rsquo;b, Muadh ibn Jabal, and Abu Zaid.<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.525.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftn23191\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[4]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Not only were the words of the Quran memorized, but also their pronunciation, later which formed into a science in itself called Tajweed.&nbsp; This science meticulously elucidates how each letter is to be pronounced, as well as the word as a whole, both in context of other letters and words.&nbsp; Today, we can find people of all different languages able to recite the Quran as if they are Arabs themselves, living during the time of the Prophet.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Furthermore, the sequence or order of the Quran was arranged by the Prophet himself and was also well-known to the Companions.<a title=\" Ahmad von Denffer, Ulum al-Quran, The Islamic Foundation, UK, 1983, p.41-42; Arthur Jeffery, Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran, Leiden: Brill, 1937, p.31.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftn23192\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[5]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Each Ramadan, the Prophet would repeat after the angel Gabriel (reciting) the entire Quran in its exact order as far as it had been revealed, while in the presence of a number of his Companions.<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.519.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftn23193\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[6]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp; In the year of his death, he recited it twice.<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith Nos.518 &amp; 520.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftn23194\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[7]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Thereby, the order of verses in each chapter and the order of the chapters became reinforced in the memories of each of the Companions present.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">As the Companions spread out to various provinces with different populations, they took their recitations with them in order to instruct others.<a title=\" Ibn Hisham, Seerah al-Nabi, Cairo, n.d., Vol.1, p.199.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftn23195\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[8]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;In this way, the same Quran became widely retained in the memories of many people across vast and diverse areas of land.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Indeed, memorization of the Quran emerged into a continuous tradition across the centuries, with centers\/schools for memorization being established across the Muslim world.<a title=\" Labib as-Said, The Recited Koran, translated by Morroe Berger, A. Rauf, and Bernard Weiss, Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1975, p.59.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftn23196\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[9]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;In these schools, students learn and memorize the Quran along with its Tajweed, at the feet of a master who in turn acquired the knowledge from his teacher, an &lsquo;un-broken chain&rsquo; going all the way back to the Prophet of God.&nbsp; The process usually takes 3-6 years.&nbsp; After mastery is achieved and the recitation checked for lack of errors, a person is granted a formal license (ijaza) certifying he has mastered the rules of recitation and can now recite the Quran the way it was recited by Muhammad, the Prophet of God.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_1_of_2)_002.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The image is a typical license (<em>ijaza<\/em>) issued at the end of perfecting Quran recitation certifying a reciter&rsquo;s unbroken chain of instructors going back to the Prophet of Islam.&nbsp; The above image is the&nbsp;<em>ijaza<\/em>&nbsp;certificate of Qari Mishari ibn Rashid al-Afasy, well known reciter from Kuwait, issued by Sheikh Ahmad al-Ziyyat.&nbsp; Image courtesy of (http:\/\/www.alafasy.com.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A.T. Welch, a non-Muslim orientalist, writes:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;For Muslims the Quran is much more than scripture or sacred literature in the usual Western sense.&nbsp; Its primary significance for the vast majority through the centuries has been in its oral form, the form in which it first appeared, as the &ldquo;recitation&rdquo; chanted by Muhammad to his followers over a period of about twenty years&hellip; The revelations were memorized by some of Muhammad&rsquo;s followers during his lifetime, and the oral tradition that was thus established has had a continuous history ever since, in some ways independent of, and superior to, the written Quran&hellip; Through the centuries the oral tradition of the entire Quran has been maintained by the professional reciters (qurraa).&nbsp; Until recently, the significance of the recited Quran has seldom been fully appreciated in the West.&rdquo;<a title=\" The Encyclopedia of Islam, &lsquo;The Quran in Muslim Life and Thought.&rsquo;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftn23197\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[10]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The Quran is perhaps the only book, religious or secular, that has been memorized completely by millions of people.<a title=\" William Graham, Beyond the Written Word, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p.80.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftn23198\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[11]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Leading orientalist Kenneth Cragg reflects that:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;&hellip;this phenomenon of Quranic recital means that the text has traversed the centuries in an unbroken living sequence of devotion.&nbsp; It cannot, therefore, be handled as an antiquarian thing, nor as a historical document out of a distant past.&nbsp; The fact of hifdh (Quranic memorization) has made the Quran a present possession through all the lapse of Muslim time and given it a human currency in every generation, never allowing its relegation to a bare authority for reference alone.&rdquo;<a title=\" Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftn23199\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[12]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The entire Quran was however also recorded in writing at the time of revelation from the Prophet&rsquo;s dictation, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, by some of his literate companions, the most prominent of them being Zaid ibn Thabit.<a title=\" Jalal al-Din Suyuti, Al-Itqan fee &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Beirut: Maktab al-Thiqaafiyya, 1973, Vol.1, p.41 &amp; 99.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23830\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[13]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Others among his noble scribes were Ubayy ibn Ka&rsquo;b, Ibn Mas&rsquo;ud, Mu&rsquo;awiyah ibn Abi-Sufyan, Khalid ibn Al-Waleed and Az-Zubayr ibn Al-Awwam.<a title=\" Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Al-Isabah fee Taymeez as-Sahabah, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1978; Bayard Dodge, The Fihrist of al-Nadeem: A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture, NY: Columbia University Press, 1970, p.53-63. Muhammad M. Azami, in Kuttab al-Nabi, Bei\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23831\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[14]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;The verses were recorded on leather, parchment, scapulae (shoulder bones of animals) and the stalks of date palms.<a title=\" Al-Harith al-Muhasabi, Kitab Fahm al-Sunan, cited in Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Vol.1, p.58.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23832\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[15]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The codification of the Quran (i.e. into a &lsquo;book form&rsquo;) was done soon after the Battle of Yamamah (11AH\/633CE), after the Prophet&rsquo;s death, during the Caliphate of Abu Bakr.&nbsp; Many companions became martyrs at that battle, and it was feared that unless a written copy of the entire revelation was produced, large parts of the Quran might be lost with the death of those who had memorized it.&nbsp; Therefore, at the suggestion of Umar to collect the Quran in the form of writing, Zaid ibn Thabit was requested by Abu Bakr to head a committee which would gather together the scattered recordings of the Quran and prepare a mushaf - loose sheets which bore the entire revelation on them.<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith Nos.201 &amp; 509; Vol.9, Hadith No.301.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23833\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[16]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp; To safeguard the compilation from errors, the committee accepted only material which had been written down in the presence of the Prophet himself, and which could be verified by at least two reliable witnesses who had actually heard the Prophet recite the passage in question<a title=\" Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Fath al-Bari, Vol.9, p.10-11.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23834\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[17]<\/span><\/a>.&nbsp; Once completed and unanimously approved by the Prophet&rsquo;s Companions, these sheets were kept with the Caliph Abu Bakr (d. 13AH\/634CE), then passed on to the Caliph Umar (13-23AH\/634-644CE), and then Umar&rsquo;s daughter and the Prophet&rsquo;s widow, Hafsah<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari, Vol.6, Hadith No.201.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23835\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[18]<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The third Caliph Uthman (23AH-35AH\/644-656CE) requested Hafsah to send him the manuscript of the Quran which was in her safekeeping, and ordered the production of several bounded copies of it (masaahif,&nbsp;<em>sing<\/em>. mushaf).&nbsp; This task was entrusted to the Companions Zaid ibn Thabit, Abdullah ibn Az-Zubair, Sa&rsquo;eed ibn Al-&rsquo;As, and Abdur-Rahman ibn Al-Harith ibn Hisham.<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.4, Hadith No.709; Vol.6, Hadith No.507\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23836\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[19]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon completion (in 25AH\/646CE), Uthman returned the original manuscript to Hafsah and sent the copies to the major Islamic provinces.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A number of non-Muslim scholars who have studied the issue of the compilation and preservation of the Quran also have stated its authenticity.&nbsp; John Burton, at the end of his substantial work on the Quran&rsquo;s compilation, states that the Quran as we have it today is:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;&hellip;the text which has come down to us in the form in which it was organized and approved by the Prophet&hellip;. What we have today in our hands is the mushaf of Muhammad.<a title=\" John Burton, The Collection of the Quran, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977, p.239-40.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23837\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[20]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Kenneth Cragg describes the transmission of the Quran from the time of revelation to today as occurring in&nbsp;<em>&ldquo;an unbroken living sequence of devotion.&rdquo;<\/em><a title=\" Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23838\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[21]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Schwally concurs that:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;As far as the various pieces of revelation are concerned, we may be confident that their text has been generally transmitted exactly as it was found in the Prophet&rsquo;s legacy.&rdquo;<a title=\" Schwally, Geschichte des Qorans, Leipzig: Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1909-38, Vol.2, p.120.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23839\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[22]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The historical credibility of the Quran is further established by the fact that one of the copies sent out by the Caliph Uthman is still in existence today.&nbsp; It lies in the Museum of the City of Tashkent in Uzbekistan, Central Asia.<a title=\" Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, p.117; Isma&rsquo;il Makhdum, Tarikh al-Mushaf al-Uthmani fi Tashqand, Tashkent: Al-Idara al-Diniya, 1971, p.22ff.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23840\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[23]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;According to Memory of the World Program, UNESCO, an arm of the United Nations, &lsquo;<em>it is the definitive version, known as the Mushaf of Uthman.&rsquo;<\/em><a title=\" (http:\/\/www.unesco.org.)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23841\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[24]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_2_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;This manuscript, held by the Muslim Board of Uzbekistan, is the earliest existent written version of the Quran.&nbsp; It is the definitive version, known as the Mushaf of Othman.&nbsp; Image courtesy of Memory of the World Register, UNESCO.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A facsimile of the mushaf in Tashkent is available at the Columbia University Library in the US.<a title=\" The Muslim World, 1940, Vol.30, p.357-358\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23842\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[25]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;This copy is proof that the text of the Quran we have in circulation today is identical with that of the time of the Prophet and his companions.&nbsp; A copy of the mushaf sent to Syria (duplicated before a fire in 1310AH\/1892CE destroyed the Jaami&rsquo; Masjid where it was housed) also exists in the Topkapi Museum in Istanbul<a title=\" Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, p.113\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23843\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[26]<\/span><\/a>, and an early manuscript on gazelle parchment exists in Dar al-Kutub as-Sultaniyyah in Egypt.&nbsp; More ancient manuscripts from all periods of Islamic history found in the Library of Congress in Washington, the Chester Beatty Museum in Dublin (Ireland) and the London Museum have been compared with those in Tashkent, Turkey and Egypt, with results confirming that there have not been any changes in the text from its original time of writing.<a title=\" Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.157\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23844\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[27]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The Institute for Koranforschung, for example, in the University of Munich (Germany), collected over 42,000 complete or incomplete ancient copies of the Quran.&nbsp; After around fifty years of research, they reported that there was no variance between the various copies, except the occasional mistakes of the copyist which could easily be ascertained.&nbsp; This Institute was unfortunately destroyed by bombs during WWII.<a title=\" Mohammed Hamidullah, Muhammad Rasullullah, Lahore: Idara-e-Islamiat, n.d., p.179.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23845\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[28]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Thus, due to the efforts of the early companions, with God&rsquo;s assistance, the Quran as we have it today is recited in the same manner as it was revealed.&nbsp; This makes it the only religious scripture that is still completely retained and understood in its original language.&nbsp; Indeed, as Sir William Muir states,&nbsp;<em>&ldquo;There is probably no other book in the world which has remained twelve centuries (now fourteen) with so pure a text.&rdquo;<\/em><a title=\" Sir William Muir, Life of Mohamet, London, 1894, Vol.1, Introduction.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftn23846\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[29]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The evidence above confirms God&rsquo;s promise in the Quran:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Verily, We have revealed the Reminder, and verily We shall preserve it.&rdquo; (Quran 15:9)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The Quran has been preserved in both oral and written form in a way no other book has, and with each form providing a check and balance for the authenticity of the other.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref23188\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[1]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Muhammad Hamidullah, Introduction to Islam, London: MWH Publishers, 1979, p.17.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref23189\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[2]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Michael Zwettler, The Oral Tradition of Classical Arabic Poetry, Ohio State Press, 1978, p.14.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref23190\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[3]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith No.546.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref23191\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[4]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith No.525.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref23192\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[5]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Ahmad von Denffer, Ulum al-Quran, The Islamic Foundation, UK, 1983, p.41-42; Arthur Jeffery, Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran, Leiden: Brill, 1937, p.31.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref23193\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[6]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith No.519.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref23194\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[7]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith Nos.518 &amp; 520.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref23195\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[8]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Ibn Hisham, Seerah al-Nabi, Cairo, n.d., Vol.1, p.199.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref23196\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[9]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Labib as-Said, The Recited Koran, translated by Morroe Berger, A. Rauf, and Bernard Weiss, Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1975, p.59.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref23197\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[10]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;The Encyclopedia of Islam, &lsquo;The Quran in Muslim Life and Thought.&rsquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref23198\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[11]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;William Graham, Beyond the Written Word, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p.80.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref23199\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[12]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref23830\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[13]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Jalal al-Din Suyuti, Al-Itqan fee &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Beirut: Maktab al-Thiqaafiyya, 1973, Vol.1, p.41 &amp; 99.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref23831\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[14]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Al-Isabah fee Taymeez as-Sahabah, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1978; Bayard Dodge, The Fihrist of al-Nadeem: A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture, NY: Columbia University Press, 1970, p.53-63. Muhammad M. Azami, in Kuttab al-Nabi, Beirut: Al-Maktab al-Islami, 1974, in fact mentions 48 persons who used to write for the Prophet (p).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref23832\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[15]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Al-Harith al-Muhasabi, Kitab Fahm al-Sunan, cited in Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Vol.1, p.58.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref23833\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[16]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith Nos.201 &amp; 509; Vol.9, Hadith No.301.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref23834\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[17]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Fath al-Bari, Vol.9, p.10-11.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref23835\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[18]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>, Vol.6, Hadith No.201.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref23836\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[19]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.4, Hadith No.709; Vol.6, Hadith No.507<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref23837\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[20]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;John Burton, The Collection of the Quran, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977, p.239-40.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref23838\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[21]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref23839\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[22]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Schwally, Geschichte des Qorans, Leipzig: Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1909-38, Vol.2, p.120.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref23840\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[23]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, p.117; Isma&rsquo;il Makhdum, Tarikh al-Mushaf al-Uthmani fi Tashqand, Tashkent: Al-Idara al-Diniya, 1971, p.22ff.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Administrator.cims-pc1-PC\/Downloads\/%5b24%5d\">[24]<\/a>&nbsp;(http:\/\/www.unesco.org.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">I. Mendelsohn, &ldquo;The Columbia University Copy Of The Samarqand Kufic Quran&rdquo;, The Moslem World, 1940, p. 357-358.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A. Jeffery &amp; I. Mendelsohn, &ldquo;The Orthography Of The Samarqand Quran Codex&rdquo;, Journal Of The American Oriental Society, 1942, Volume 62, pp. 175-195.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref23842\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[25]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;The Muslim World, 1940, Vol.30, p.357-358<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref23843\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[26]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, p.113<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref23844\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[27]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.157<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref23845\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[28]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Mohammed Hamidullah, Muhammad Rasullullah, Lahore: Idara-e-Islamiat, n.d., p.179.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref23846\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">[29]<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;Sir William Muir, Life of Mohamet, London, 1894, Vol.1, Introduction.<\/span><\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":24286,"lft":173,"rght":190,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-12T16:39:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:00:53.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":15,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"About Qur'an & Hadith","category_slug":"About-Quran-and-Hadith","get_date":"2014-07-12","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/53c14cc2-3290-44e5-bb1a-030ab8adb1fd-Preservation of the Quran - Memorization.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/53c14cc2-1ccc-4c1b-ae4a-030ab8adb1fd-Preservation of the Quran - Memorization.docx"},{"id":215,"title":"La preservaci\u00f3n del Cor\u00e1n","slug":"la-preservacin-del-corn","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp_Preservation of the Quran.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp_Preservation of the Quran.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:la-preservacin-del-corn","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\">La preservaci&oacute;n del Cor&aacute;n<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;la Memorizaci&oacute;n<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_es\/images\/Preservation_of_the_quran_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El Sagrado Cor&aacute;n, la escritura sagrada de los musulmanes, fue revelada en lengua &aacute;rabe al Profeta Muh&aacute;mmad, la paz y las bendiciones de Dios sean con &eacute;l, a trav&eacute;s del &aacute;ngel Gabriel.&nbsp; La revelaci&oacute;n ocurri&oacute; gradualmente, durante un per&iacute;odo de veintitr&eacute;s a&ntilde;os, a veces en vers&iacute;culos breves y en ocasiones en cap&iacute;tulos extensos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El Cor&aacute;n (vocablo que puede entenderse como &ldquo;lectura&rdquo; o &ldquo;recitaci&oacute;n&rdquo;) es distinto de los dichos y hechos &nbsp;registrados del Profeta Muh&aacute;mmad (Sunnah), que se conservan mediante la obra de sabios que los coleccionaron y clasificaron, a estos se denomina &ldquo;hadices&rdquo; &nbsp;(las &ldquo;noticias&rdquo;; los &ldquo;informes&rdquo;; o las &ldquo;narraciones&rdquo;).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Al recibir la revelaci&oacute;n, el Profeta se comprometi&oacute; con la misi&oacute;n de llevar el mensaje a sus compa&ntilde;eros recit&aacute;ndoles las palabras exactas que &eacute;l o&iacute;a del &aacute;ngel en su orden exacto.&nbsp; Esto es evidente cuando se observa que se intercalan vers&iacute;culos en los cuales Dios se dirigi&oacute; espec&iacute;ficamente a &eacute;l; por ejemplo, los que comienzan con: &ldquo;Qul&rdquo; (&ldquo;Di&rdquo; [a las personas, &iexcl;Oh, Muh&aacute;mmad!]).&nbsp; El estilo r&iacute;tmico del Cor&aacute;n y su belleza lo hacen f&aacute;cil de memorizar.&nbsp; De hecho, Dios describe esto como una de sus cualidades esenciales para la preservaci&oacute;n y el recuerdo (Ver Cor&aacute;n. 44:58; 54:17, 22, 32, 40).&nbsp; Esto era particularmente importante en una sociedad como la &aacute;rabe, que estaba orgullosa de sus poetas, capaces de componer largas poes&iacute;as y recitarlas de memoria, pero nada como el Sagrado Cor&aacute;n.&nbsp; Michael Zwettler hace notar que:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;En tiempos antiguos, cuando la escritura era usada escasamente, se ejercitaba la memoria y la transmisi&oacute;n oral, hasta un grado ahora casi desconocido&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Porciones extensas de la revelaci&oacute;n fueron memorizadas f&aacute;cilmente por un n&uacute;mero grande de creyentes de entre las personas de la comunidad del Profeta.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El Profeta anim&oacute; a que sus compa&ntilde;eros aprendieran cada vers&iacute;culo que se revelaba y lo transmitieran a otros.&nbsp; El Cor&aacute;n tambi&eacute;n es recitado regularmente como un acto de culto, sobre todo durante las oraciones diarias, prescritas como obligatorias (el salat).&nbsp; A trav&eacute;s de estos medios, muchos escucharon los pasajes de la revelaci&oacute;n, los memorizaron y los recitaron en la oraci&oacute;n.&nbsp; El Cor&aacute;n entero fue memorizado literalmente (palabra por palabra) por algunos de los Compa&ntilde;eros del Profeta.&nbsp; Entre ellos se destacan Zaid Ibn Zabit, Ubayy Ibn Ka&rsquo;b, Muadh Ibn Yabal y Abu Zaid.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">No s&oacute;lo eran memorizadas las palabras del Cor&aacute;n, sino tambi&eacute;n su correcta pronunciaci&oacute;n, despu&eacute;s esto se transform&oacute; en una ciencia en s&iacute; misma y se la llam&oacute; Taywid.&nbsp; Esta ciencia describe meticulosamente c&oacute;mo cada letra debe ser pronunciada, as&iacute; como la palabra en conjunto, ambas en el contexto de otras letras y palabras.&nbsp; En la actualidad, podemos encontrar a personas de muy diversas lenguas capaces de recitar el Cor&aacute;n como si fueran &aacute;rabes que vivieron durante el tiempo del Profeta.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Adem&aacute;s, la sucesi&oacute;n u orden de los vers&iacute;culos del Cor&aacute;n fue estipulada por el Profeta y era muy conocida por los Compa&ntilde;eros.&nbsp; Cada Ramad&aacute;n, el Profeta repetir&iacute;a, despu&eacute;s del &aacute;ngel Gabriel (recitando), el Cor&aacute;n entero en su orden exacto hasta donde hab&iacute;a sido revelado, esto en la presencia de varios de sus Compa&ntilde;eros.&nbsp; En el a&ntilde;o de su muerte, &eacute;l lo recit&oacute; completo dos veces.&nbsp; Por eso, el orden de los vers&iacute;culos en cada cap&iacute;tulo y el orden de los cap&iacute;tulos se reforzaron en la mente de cada uno de los Compa&ntilde;eros presentes en esos momentos benditos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Cuando los Compa&ntilde;eros se extendieron por distintas geograf&iacute;as y se encontraron con poblaciones diversas, usaron sus recitaciones para instruirlos.&nbsp; De esta manera, el mismo Cor&aacute;n se retuvo ampliamente en la memoria de muchas personas, por inmensas y diversas &aacute;reas del Planeta.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La memorizaci&oacute;n del Cor&aacute;n surgi&oacute; como una tradici&oacute;n continuada durante &nbsp;siglos.&nbsp; Aparecieron escuelas para la memorizaci&oacute;n que se establecieron por todo el mundo musulm&aacute;n.&nbsp; En estas escuelas<strong>,<\/strong>&nbsp;los estudiantes aprenden y memorizan el Cor&aacute;n junto con su Taywid, siguiendo a un maestro que a su vez adquiri&oacute; el conocimiento de su maestro, form&aacute;ndose as&iacute; una cadena de trasmisi&oacute;n oral que se remonta al Mensajero de Dios.&nbsp; El proceso de memorizar todo el Cor&aacute;n normalmente toma entre 3 y 6 a&ntilde;os.&nbsp; Despu&eacute;s de que el dominio se logra y la recitaci&oacute;n se realiza libre de errores, se le otorga a la persona una licencia formal (iyyaza), certificando que ha dominado las reglas de recitaci&oacute;n y puede recitar el Cor&aacute;n de la manera que lo recit&oacute; Muh&aacute;mmad, el Profeta de Dios.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La utilidad de esta licencia formal (iyyaza) emitida al final del estudio, cuando se logra &nbsp;perfeccionar la recitaci&oacute;n del Cor&aacute;n, es que certifica la cadena irrompible de instructores que llegan hasta el mism&iacute;simo Profeta del Islam.&nbsp; La imagen anterior es la iyyaza que certifica la recitaci&oacute;n de Qari Mishari Rashid al-Afasy, recitador muy conocido de Kuwait, emitida por el Sheij Ahmad al-Ziyyat.&nbsp; La imagen es cortes&iacute;a de (http:\/\/www.alafasy.com.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A.T. Welch, un orientalista no musulm&aacute;n, escribe:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;Para los musulmanes, el Cor&aacute;n es mucho m&aacute;s que una escritura o la sagrada literatura en el sentido occidental usual.&nbsp; Su importancia primaria para la inmensa mayor&iacute;a a trav&eacute;s de los siglos, ha estado en su forma oral, la forma en que apareci&oacute; primero, cuando la &ldquo;recitaci&oacute;n&rdquo; era pronunciada por Muh&aacute;mmad a sus seguidores durante un per&iacute;odo de aproximadamente veinte a&ntilde;os&hellip; Las revelaciones fueron memorizadas por algunos de los seguidores de Muh&aacute;mmad durante su vida, y la tradici&oacute;n oral que se estableci&oacute; as&iacute; ha tenido una historia continua desde entonces, de algunas maneras independiente, y superior al Cor&aacute;n escrito&hellip; A trav&eacute;s de los siglos, la tradici&oacute;n oral del Cor&aacute;n completo se ha mantenido por recitadores profesionales (qurr&aacute;).&nbsp; Hasta recientemente, la importancia del Cor&aacute;n recitado raramente se ha apreciado totalmente en Occidente&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El Cor&aacute;n es quiz&aacute;s el &uacute;nico libro, religioso o secular, que ha sido memorizado completamente por millones de personas.&nbsp; El destacado orientalista Kenneth Cragg refleja este concepto:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;&hellip; el fen&oacute;meno de la memorizaci&oacute;n y recitaci&oacute;n es uno de los medios por los que el texto ha atravesado los siglos en una sucesi&oacute;n viviente e irrompible de devoci&oacute;n.&nbsp; Por consiguiente, no puede considerarse como un objeto de anticuario, ni como un documento hist&oacute;rico de un pasado distante.&nbsp; De hecho, la memorizaci&oacute;n lo ha puesto en posesi&oacute;n del pueblo presente a trav&eacute;s de toda la era musulmana y le ha dado un brillo humano en cada generaci&oacute;n, permitiendo que el texto pueda ser siempre asequible para todos, sin que jam&aacute;s fuera patrimonio de ninguna autoridad especial para su preservaci&oacute;n&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El Cor&aacute;n Escrito<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El Cor&aacute;n entero fue puesto por escrito en el momento de la revelaci&oacute;n, siguiendo el dictado del Profeta (la paz y las bendiciones de Dios sean con &eacute;l).&nbsp; Fue escrito por algunos de sus compa&ntilde;eros m&aacute;s instruidos, el m&aacute;s prominente de ellos fue Zaid Ibn Zabit.&nbsp; Otros de sus escribas fueron Ubai Ibn Ka&rsquo;b, Ibn Mas&rsquo;ud, Mu&rsquo;awiah Ibn Abu-Sufian, Jaled Ibn al-Walid y Zubair Ibn Awwam.&nbsp; Los vers&iacute;culos del Sagrado Cor&aacute;n fueron grabados sobre cuero, en pergaminos, en huesos de animales y en hojas de palmeras.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La compilaci&oacute;n del Cor&aacute;n (en formato de libro) se llev&oacute; a cabo luego de la Batalla de al-Yamamah (11H\/633 DC), despu&eacute;s de la muerte del Profeta, durante el Califato de Abu Bakr.&nbsp; Muchos compa&ntilde;eros que combatieron en la batalla cayeron m&aacute;rtires.&nbsp; Por este motivo se temi&oacute; perder partes del Cor&aacute;n con la muerte de aqu&eacute;llos que lo hab&iacute;an memorizado, y se corr&iacute;a entonces el riesgo de que partes del libro desaparecieran.&nbsp; Por consiguiente, Umar sugiri&oacute; recopilar el Cor&aacute;n pidi&eacute;ndole a Zaid ibn Zabit que encabezara un comit&eacute; que reuniera las escrituras esparcidas del Cor&aacute;n y preparara un&nbsp;<em>mus-haf<\/em>&nbsp;&ndash; compendio de los escritos que conten&iacute;an la revelaci&oacute;n.&nbsp; Para salvaguardar esta recopilaci&oacute;n de los errores, el comit&eacute; acept&oacute; s&oacute;lo material que hab&iacute;a sido escrito en la presencia del Profeta (la paz y las bendiciones de Dios sean con &eacute;l), y que pod&iacute;a verificarse por lo menos con el testimonio fiable de dos personas que realmente hab&iacute;an o&iacute;do al Profeta recitar el pasaje en cuesti&oacute;n.&nbsp; Una vez completado y un&aacute;nimemente aprobado el trabajo por los Compa&ntilde;eros del Profeta, estas hojas se guardaron en la &eacute;poca del Califa Abu Bakr (13H\/634 DC), luego qued&oacute; en poder del Califa Umar (13-23 H\/634-644 DC), que era uno de los principales compa&ntilde;eros y padre de la viuda del Profeta, Hafsah.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El tercer Califa fue Uzm&aacute;n Ibn Aff&aacute;n (23-35 H\/644-656 DC); &eacute;ste le pidi&oacute; a Hafsah que le enviara el manuscrito del Cor&aacute;n que ella hab&iacute;a guardado, y orden&oacute; la reproducci&oacute;n de algunas copias exactas de &eacute;l (se las llam&oacute;&nbsp;<em>masaahif<\/em>, plural de<em>mus-haf<\/em>).&nbsp; Esta tarea se confi&oacute; nuevamente a compa&ntilde;eros como Zaid Ibn Zabit, Abdullah Ibn Az-Zubair, Ibn Sa&rsquo;id, y &nbsp;Abdur-Rahman Ibn Hariz.&nbsp; Luego de este trabajo (en el a&ntilde;o 25 H \/ 646 DC), Uzm&aacute;n devolvi&oacute; el manuscrito original a Hafsah y envi&oacute; las copias a las provincias isl&aacute;micas m&aacute;s importantes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Varios eruditos no musulmanes que han estudiado el tema de la recopilaci&oacute;n y preservaci&oacute;n del Cor&aacute;n, han declarado su autenticidad.&nbsp; John Burton, al final de su trabajo sobre la recopilaci&oacute;n del Cor&aacute;n, dice lo siguiente:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;&hellip;el texto ha llegado a nosotros en la forma en que era organizado y aceptado por el Profeta&hellip;.&nbsp; lo que nosotros tenemos hoy en nuestras manos es el&nbsp;<em>mus-haf<\/em>de Muhammad&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Kenneth Cragg, describe la transmisi&oacute;n del Cor&aacute;n en tiempos de la revelaci&oacute;n y hasta la actualidad como: &ldquo;una sucesi&oacute;n viviente e irrompible de devoci&oacute;n&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Schwally concuerda con esto:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;Aunque en alg&uacute;n momento la revelaci&oacute;n estaba fraccionada, nosotros podemos estar seguros que su texto se ha transmitido exactamente como le fue revelado (al Profeta)&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La credibilidad hist&oacute;rica del Cor&aacute;n est&aacute; establecida adem&aacute;s por el hecho de que una de las copias que mand&oacute; el Califa Uzm&aacute;n todav&iacute;a se conserva hoy.&nbsp; Se encuentra en el Museo de la Ciudad de Tashkent en Uzbekist&aacute;n, Asia Central.&nbsp; De acuerdo con&nbsp;<em>Memory of&nbsp; the World Program<\/em>&nbsp;de la UNESCO, una entidad de las Naciones Unidas: &ldquo;esta es la versi&oacute;n definitiva, conocida como el&nbsp;<em>Mus-haf<\/em>&nbsp;de Uzm&aacute;n&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\">&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_es\/images\/Preservation_of_the_quran_(part_2_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-caption\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Este manuscrito, conservado por la comunidad musulmana de Uzbekist&aacute;n, es la versi&oacute;n escrita existente m&aacute;s antigua del Cor&aacute;n.&nbsp; Es la versi&oacute;n definitiva, conocido como el&nbsp;<em>Mus-haf<\/em>de Uzm&aacute;n.&nbsp; La &nbsp;imagen que aparece m&aacute;s arriba, es cortes&iacute;a del registro del programa<em>Memory of the World<\/em>, UNESCO.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Existe una reproducci&oacute;n de la copia de Tashkent que est&aacute; disponible en la Biblioteca de la Universidad de Columbia en Estados Unidos.&nbsp; Esta copia es prueba de que el texto del Cor&aacute;n que nosotros tenemos en circulaci&oacute;n hoy, es id&eacute;ntico al del tiempo del Profeta y sus compa&ntilde;eros.&nbsp; Una copia del&nbsp;<em>mus-haf<\/em>&nbsp;fue enviada a Siria (se la reprodujo antes de que un incendio en 1310 H\/1892 DC destruyera la mezquita central donde fue guardado) Tambi&eacute;n existe una copia en el Museo de Topkapi en Estambul, y un manuscrito antiguo en cuero de gacela se conserva en Dar al-Kutub en Sultaniyyah, Egipto.&nbsp; Los manuscritos m&aacute;s antiguos de todos los per&iacute;odos de la historia isl&aacute;mica que se encuentran en la Biblioteca del Congreso en Washington, en el Chester Beatty Museum en Dubl&iacute;n (Irlanda) y en el Museo de Londres, han sido comparados con los de Tashkent, Turqu&iacute;a y Egipto, y los resultados confirman que no se ha realizado ning&uacute;n cambio en el texto desde el tiempo de su escritura original.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Por ejemplo, el Instituto Koranforschung de la Universidad de M&uuml;nich (Alemania), hab&iacute;a&nbsp;reunido m&aacute;s de 42.000 copias antiguas completas o parciales del Cor&aacute;n.&nbsp; Despu&eacute;s de aproximadamente cincuenta a&ntilde;os de investigaci&oacute;n, informaron que no hab&iacute;a ninguna variante entre las diferentes copias, exceptuando los errores ocasionales del copista que pueden identificarse f&aacute;cilmente.&nbsp; Este Instituto fue destruido, desgraciadamente, por los bombardeos durante la segunda Guerra Mundial.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">As&iacute;, debido a los esfuerzos de los Compa&ntilde;eros, con la ayuda de Dios, el Cor&aacute;n, tal como lo conocemos hoy en d&iacute;a, se recita de la misma manera como se revel&oacute;.&nbsp; Esto lo convierte en la &uacute;nica escritura religiosa que todav&iacute;a se mantiene inmaculada y se preserva en su idioma original.&nbsp; De hecho, como Sir William Muir declara: &ldquo;no hay ning&uacute;n otro libro en el mundo que se haya mantenido inalterado durante doce siglos (ahora catorce)&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La evidencia confirma la promesa de Dios en el Cor&aacute;n:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;Ciertamente Nosotros hemos revelado el Cor&aacute;n y somos Nosotros sus custodios&rdquo;. (Cor&aacute;n 15:9)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El Cor&aacute;n es el &uacute;nico libro que ha sido preservado en ambas formas, oral y escrita; y cada forma confirma la autenticidad de la otra.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":17525,"lft":174,"rght":175,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-26T22:26:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T21:18:34.000000Z","language_id":12,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":15,"parent_id":135,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"About Qur'an & Hadith","category_slug":"About-Quran-and-Hadith","get_date":"2014-07-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp_Preservation of the Quran.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp_Preservation of the Quran.docx"},{"id":216,"title":"La autor\u00eda del Cor\u00e1n","slug":"la-autora-del-corn","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/53d3c177-7240-45a0-9372-181fb8adb1fd-sp_The Authorship of the Quran.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/53d3c177-1bec-4b3d-bc0b-181fb8adb1fd-sp_The Authorship of the Quran.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:la-autora-del-corn","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La autor&iacute;a del Cor&aacute;n&nbsp;<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&iquest;Las Palabras de un ser Humano?<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.muslimvideo.com\/tv\/thumb\/1_35459.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&iquest;Aunque est&aacute; comprobado que el texto del Cor&aacute;n se ha conservado inalterado, intacto hasta el d&iacute;a de hoy, c&oacute;mo podemos saber que efectivamente estas palabras tienen su origen en Dios y no en alguna otra fuente?&nbsp; Esto nos invita a comprobar la autenticidad, la autor&iacute;a, o fuente del Cor&aacute;n.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Acerca de la paternidad literaria del Cor&aacute;n, los musulmanes creen que fue revelado literalmente (es decir palabra por palabra) por Dios, a Muhammad, la paz sea con &eacute;l.&nbsp; Sin embargo, quienes no apoyan esta posici&oacute;n, no pueden tener ninguna diferencia con los musulmanes acerca del hecho de que el Cor&aacute;n fue recitado por primera vez por Muhammad, un &aacute;rabe nacido en La Meca, en el siglo s&eacute;ptimo d.C., y como se ha demostrado anteriormente, no ha habido ning&uacute;n cambio desde entonces&nbsp; en el texto de este libro.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La primer evidencia que exhiben los musulmanes respecto al origen Divino del Cor&aacute;n, est&aacute; contenida en el Cor&aacute;n mismo,&nbsp; es decir, nos remitimos a este efecto a el propio Cor&aacute;n (por ejemplo Cor&aacute;n 4:82; 6:19; 6:92; 27:6; 45:2, etc.), pero esta evidencia puede ser menospreciada por los esc&eacute;pticos, ya que casi cualquiera de los pasajes cor&aacute;nicos puede indicar que la escritura en cuesti&oacute;n es la revelaci&oacute;n de Dios. Nosotros nos forzamos por consiguiente en utilizar la raz&oacute;n y objetividad para buscar evidencia &ldquo;externa&rdquo; sobre la fuente divina del Cor&aacute;n.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La estructura propuesta es simple para la presentaci&oacute;n de esta evidencia &ldquo;externa&rdquo;. Tal vez en un proceso de la eliminaci&oacute;n es d&oacute;nde nosotros conseguiremos la respuesta a la pregunta: &ldquo;&iquest;Qui&eacute;n es el autor del Cor&aacute;n?&rdquo; - eliminando todas las respuestas alternativas a esta pregunta que sean definitivamente inveros&iacute;miles. En otros t&eacute;rminos, habremos definido qui&eacute;n es (o por lo menos) lograremos una aproximaci&oacute;n al autor m&aacute;s probable o a la fuente del Cor&aacute;n, de esta manera tal vez sea conveniente comenzar eliminando a los candidatos alternativos que sean inaceptables.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Hay&nbsp; varias opiniones contradictorias sostenidas por algunos orientalistas acerca de la fuente del Cor&aacute;n. La lista siguiente presenta los &ldquo;posibles&rdquo; autores y refleja las teor&iacute;as principales:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Muhammad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; alg&uacute;n&nbsp; poeta o poetas (&aacute;rabe\/s), estudiosos, etc.,<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; algunos estudiosos no &aacute;rabes, o poetas o personalidades religiosas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; monjes o rabinos (es decir de la Biblia o las fuentes Judeo-cristianas).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Satan&aacute;s (u otros &ldquo;esp&iacute;ritus&rdquo; enga&ntilde;osos o &ldquo;forasteros&rdquo;, etc.).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dios.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ahora, podemos proceder a examinar en un estudio m&aacute;s &iacute;ntimo el Cor&aacute;n, y la historia, para comprobar cuan cre&iacute;bles o no son estas teor&iacute;as.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Muhammad: iletrado e inculto<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El hecho que Muhammad ni supiera leer ni supiera escribir (Cor&aacute;n 29:48) es bien conocido y no ha sido contradicho, incluso sus contempor&aacute;neos no musulmanes sab&iacute;an esto, y tampoco lo ponen en duda los historiadores actuales. &Eacute;l no ten&iacute;a ninguna instrucci&oacute;n o maestro de ning&uacute;n tipo. Ni siquiera hab&iacute;a sido conocido por componer poes&iacute;a de manera oral, ni siquiera una prosa.&nbsp; El Cor&aacute;n, con sus leyes omn&iacute;modas y su falta de cualquier tipo de inconsistencias en el texto, tiene una grandeza incluso reconocida por estudiosos no musulmanes.&nbsp; Sus p&aacute;ginas tratan la legislaci&oacute;n social, econ&oacute;mica, pol&iacute;tica y religiosa<strong>,<\/strong>&nbsp;narra eventos de la historia, muestra ejemplos del universo, habla de los seres vivientes, del pensamiento, de las relaciones interpersonales de las personas, la guerra, la paz, el matrimonio, el culto, el negocio, y todo que se relaciona a la vida - sin contradecir los principios que el mismo Cor&aacute;n sienta.&nbsp; El Cor&aacute;n nunca&nbsp; ha sido revisado ni corregido porque este texto nunca tuvo ni tendr&aacute; nunca necesidad de ninguna revisi&oacute;n o correcci&oacute;n. &iquest;C&oacute;mo fue que se expusieron cuestiones de tan diversas &aacute;reas&nbsp; con&nbsp; tal precisi&oacute;n por una persona &aacute;rabe del siglo s&eacute;ptimo, sin educaci&oacute;n formal e incluso sin la habilidad de leer?&nbsp; &iquest;Qu&eacute; material puede haber existido en su ambiente que lo informara de estos temas? &nbsp;&iquest;D&oacute;nde y cu&aacute;ndo la historia ha encontrado en un analfabeto inculto al autor de una escritura? &nbsp;&iquest;Acaso esto ocurri&oacute; alguna vez?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La Integridad conocida de Muhammad<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Muhammad era conocido por su sinceridad, veracidad e integridad, incluso se lo apod&oacute; &ldquo;Al-Amin&rdquo; (El Fidedigno) por su propia comunidad antes de que alegara ser profeta.&nbsp; No se supo jam&aacute;s que hubiera dicho una sola mentira, y muchos orientalistas occidentales modernos han admitido que Muhammad ten&iacute;a una convicci&oacute;n profundamente sincera de que el texto le fue revelado por el propio Dios.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&iquest;Si su integridad hubiera sido puesta en cuesti&oacute;n, y se pudiera haber supuesto que &eacute;l actuaba movido por el deseo de la gloria personal al producir el Cor&aacute;n, &iquest;por qu&eacute; entonces &eacute;l negar&iacute;a la paternidad literaria y en cambio dir&iacute;a que era un texto proveniente de Dios? &nbsp;Sobre todo cu&aacute;ndo los mecanos paganos hab&iacute;an concedido que nadie pudiera producir una escritura como esa (Cor&aacute;n 2:23-24, 17:88, etc.). Sus enemigos le hab&iacute;an ofrecido del gobierno de La Meca y cualquier opulencia que &eacute;l deseara a cambio de lo cual, &eacute;l dejar&iacute;a de recitar ese libro. &iquest;Si fuera verdad que &eacute;l deseaba su gloria personal y hacerse poderoso, por qu&eacute; rechazar&iacute;a la oferta cu&aacute;ndo se present&oacute; ante &eacute;l y en cambio prefiere una vida de humildad, la simplicidad, la persecuci&oacute;n, las sanciones, e incluso el ataque hostil de parte de aqu&eacute;llos que rechazaron el Mensaje de Un Solo Dios?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&iquest;Adem&aacute;s, ser&iacute;a razonable creer que si Muhammad escribi&oacute; el Cor&aacute;n para lograr poder para s&iacute; mismo, se critique algunas de sus propias actitudes en el texto? &nbsp;Por ejemplo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;[&iexcl;Oh, Muhammad!] Frunciste el ce&ntilde;o y le volviste la espalda al ciego cuando se present&oacute; ante ti. [Se refiere a cuando &lsquo;Abdullah Ibn Umm Makt&ucirc;m, que era ciego, interrumpi&oacute; su pr&eacute;dica a los nobles de Quraish].&rdquo; (Cor&aacute;n 80:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Y tambi&eacute;n:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Y recuerda [&iexcl;Oh, Muhammad!] cuando dijiste [a Zaid Ibn H&acirc;rizah] a quien Allah hab&iacute;a agraciado [con el Islam], y t&uacute; hab&iacute;as favorecido [liber&aacute;ndolo de la esclavitud]: Qu&eacute;date con tu esposa, y teme a Allah; ocultaste as&iacute; lo que Allah har&iacute;a manifiesto porque temiste lo que dir&iacute;a la gente, pero Allah es m&aacute;s digno de ser temido. Cuando Zaid termine con el v&iacute;nculo conyugal [y su ex esposa haya concluido con el tiempo de espera luego del divorcio], te la concederemos en matrimonio para que los creyentes no tengan ning&uacute;n impedimento en casarse con las ex esposas de sus hijos adoptivos si es que &eacute;stos deciden separarse de ellas, y sabed que esto es un precepto de Allah que debe ser acatado.&rdquo; (Cor&aacute;n 33:37)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Existen otros vers&iacute;culos a los que podemos remitirnos, como cap&iacute;tulo18, vers&iacute;culos 23-24, y otros. &iquest;Por qu&eacute; &eacute;l se avergonzar&iacute;a a s&iacute; mismo, si hubiera podido omitir o modificar los vers&iacute;culos del Cor&aacute;n?&nbsp; Ellos no eran ciertamente para su ventaja si sus metas hubieran sido poder y prestigio. &iexcl;La existencia de tales vers&iacute;culos s&oacute;lo demuestra que Muhammad era de hecho un verdadero y sincero Mensajero de Dios!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&iquest;Las Palabras de un Poeta o de un Maestro?<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El Estilo del Cor&aacute;n<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Hay un mundo de diferencias entre el estilo del Cor&aacute;n y el&nbsp; estilo propio que el Profeta&nbsp; Muhammad ten&iacute;a para hablar, tal como se encuentra narrado en los libros de Hadices.&nbsp; Las diferencias entre los dos estilos a este respecto - el estilo y la forma- es inmediatamente evidente.&nbsp; Los dichos de Muhammad (Hadiz) son interactivos, relatados y explicativos, de un estilo con el que los &aacute;rabes estaban familiarizados.&nbsp; Por el contrario, el estilo del Cor&aacute;n es novedoso:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Hemos&nbsp; creado los cielos y la tierra&hellip;&rdquo;&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>(Cor&aacute;n 15:85, 44:38, 46:3, 50:38)<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Y Tambi&eacute;n:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;&iquest;Es que no van a reflexionar sobre este Cor&aacute;n? &nbsp;Si procediera de alguien distinto de Dios, ciertamente habr&iacute;an hallado en &eacute;l muchas contradicciones.&rdquo; (Cor&aacute;n 4:82)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Tambi&eacute;n:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Di &hellip;&rdquo;<a title=\" Para mas detalles ver cap&iacute;tulo 112, 113 y 114.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/16\/#_ftn11071\">[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Y sin embargo,&nbsp; [quienes se obstinan en negar la verdad] afirman: &ldquo;&iexcl;[Muhammad] lo ha inventado! &nbsp;Di [-les]: &ldquo;&iexcl;Presentad, entonces, un sura comparable en m&eacute;rito; y llamad [para ello] en vuestra ayuda a quienes pod&aacute;is, aparte de Dios, si es cierto lo que dec&iacute;s!&rsquo;&ldquo;(Cor&aacute;n 10:38)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Tambi&eacute;n:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Y si ten&eacute;is dudas sobre cualquier porci&oacute;n de lo que hemos hecho descender, gradualmente, sobre Nuestro siervo [Muhammad], presentad un sura comparable en m&eacute;rito, e invocad a cualquier otro aparte de Dios para que d&eacute; testimonio por vosotros --si lo que dec&iacute;s es verdad.&nbsp; Y si no pod&eacute;is hacerlo --y ciertamente no pod&eacute;is-- sed conscientes del fuego cuyo combustible son los seres humanos y las piedras, y que aguarda a todos los que niegan la verdad.&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>(Cor&aacute;n 2:23-24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;&iquest;Es que no van a reflexionar sobre este Cor&aacute;n? &nbsp;Si procediera de alguien distinto de Dios, ciertamente habr&iacute;an hallado en &eacute;l muchas contradicciones&rdquo; (Cor&aacute;n 4:82)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&iquest;Alg&uacute;n estudiante sensato despu&eacute;s de completar el papel del examen agregar&iacute;a una nota al profesor diciendo: &ldquo;Lea mis respuestas con cuidado para ver si encuentra alg&uacute;n errores en &eacute;l?&rdquo; &nbsp;El estilo del Cor&aacute;n es &uacute;nicamente posible como proveniente del Creador Omnisapiente.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Adem&aacute;s, el Cor&aacute;n es una obra maestra literaria en lengua &aacute;rabe que era y sigue siendo &uacute;nica en su elocuencia.&nbsp; &ldquo;Su estilo r&iacute;tmico, su peculiar expresividad, su profundidad, majestad, y la sinfon&iacute;a inimitable, los mismos sonidos son capaces de llevar a los hombres de las l&aacute;grimas al &eacute;xtasis&rdquo;<a title=\" Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Quran, New York: The Muslim World League, 1977, p.vii.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/16\/#_ftn11072\">[2]<\/a>.&nbsp; El Cor&aacute;n agit&oacute; los mism&iacute;simos cimientos&nbsp; de una sociedad que ten&iacute;a el orgullo de sus habilidades en el arte de la oratoria.&nbsp; Se realizaban concursos todos los a&ntilde;os en La Meca para qui&eacute;n podr&iacute;a recitar el m&aacute;s largo y elocuente poema de memoria.&nbsp; Cuando el Cor&aacute;n fue revelado, tales concursos se suspendieron, ya que frente al Cor&aacute;n no hab&iacute;a rivales posibles.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Como el milagro del bast&oacute;n de Mois&eacute;s que se convierte en una serpiente real que excedi&oacute; la habilidad de los magos de la corte del Fara&oacute;n en un momento cuando los egipcios eran renombrados por su dominio de la hechicer&iacute;a y la magia, y el milagro de la curaci&oacute;n de Jes&uacute;s que le devolvi&oacute; la vista al ciego y devolviendo el muerto a la vida, lo que excedi&oacute; la habilidad de todos los m&eacute;dicos en un momento que los jud&iacute;os eran renombrados por su dominio de la medicina, el Cor&aacute;n es el&nbsp; milagro que Dios otorg&oacute; a Muhammad<a title=\" Sahih Al-Bujari Vol.6, Hadiz No.504; Sahih Muslim Vol.1, Hadiz No.283.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/16\/#_ftn11073\">[3]<\/a>.&nbsp; &iquest;C&oacute;mo pudo un texto tan magn&iacute;fico y con expresiones inigualables emanar de un hombre que, a sus 40 a&ntilde;os, nunca hab&iacute;a sido conocido por poseer ninguna habilidad literaria?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Las similitudes y Diferencias entre el Cor&aacute;n y la Biblia<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La existencia de similitudes entre dos libros es insuficiente para demostrar que uno se encuentra basado en el otro.&nbsp; Los dos podr&iacute;an provenir de una tercera fuente com&uacute;n, lo cual s&iacute; explicar&iacute;a la existencia de ciertas similitudes entre ellos.&nbsp; &Eacute;ste, de hecho, es el argumento del Cor&aacute;n; que Dios es la Fuente de la revelaci&oacute;n Divina (Cor&aacute;n 4:47).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Algunos estudiosos han notado que el &uacute;nico cristiano que conoci&oacute; el Profeta, Dios le conceda la paz, antes del inicio de la revelaci&oacute;n, no hubiera tenido tiempo para ense&ntilde;arle sobre su escritura, y ning&uacute;n otro registro hist&oacute;rico menciona a nadie que ense&ntilde;&oacute; al Profeta de entre los jud&iacute;os y los cristianos.&nbsp; Adem&aacute;s, los &aacute;rabes de su tiempo estaban muy &aacute;vidos de desacreditarlo.&nbsp; Por lo tanto, si hubiera existido alg&uacute;n&nbsp; maestro confidencial, lo m&aacute;s probablemente es que habr&iacute;a sido entonces expuesto por ellos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&iquest;Adem&aacute;s, el Cor&aacute;n podr&iacute;a copiarse de la Biblia siendo que ambos textos presentan diferencias de creencia importantes? &nbsp;Con respecto a las doctrinas como los conceptos de Dios y profec&iacute;a, pecado y perd&oacute;n, el Cor&aacute;n difiere significativamente con la Biblia.&nbsp; El Cor&aacute;n se dirige de hecho directamente a jud&iacute;os y cristianos para corregir cada punto cambiado por las corrupciones en sus propias escrituras.&nbsp; Resulta interesante saber, que las revelaciones cor&aacute;nicas sobre los problemas doctrinales del cristianismo mayormente fueron reveladas&nbsp; en el per&iacute;odo Mecano, anterior a la migraci&oacute;n del Profeta a Medina, d&oacute;nde &eacute;l habr&iacute;a encontrado jud&iacute;os y cristianos<a title=\" Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.127-128.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/16\/#_ftn11074\">[4]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Incluso en el caso de la narraci&oacute;n com&uacute;n a ambas escrituras, pueden observarse muchas diferencias importantes.&nbsp;&nbsp;Por ejemplo, el Cor&aacute;n se diferencia de la Biblia:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">- En el Cor&aacute;n se enfatiza que no fue por culpa de Eva lo que ocurri&oacute; (Cor&aacute;n 7:23) y que Al&aacute; los perdon&oacute; (Cor&aacute;n 2:37); (Compare G&eacute;nesis 3:12-17 con Cor&aacute;n 91:7-8 y 2:35-37);<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">- Se menciona que la morada temporal de Ad&aacute;n en el Para&iacute;so y su descenso a la Tierra ya era parte del plan de Dios antes de que &Eacute;l los creara (Cor&aacute;n 2:30), y no una clase de castigo (G&eacute;nesis 3:17-19).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">- Pueden verse otras variaciones significativas en las historias de Salom&oacute;n<a title=\" El Cor&aacute;n rechaza que este profeta de Dios haya alguna vez adorado a los &iacute;dolos.&nbsp; Comparar Cor&aacute;n 2:102 con Reyes 11:4.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/16\/#_ftn11075\">[5]<\/a>, Abraham<a title=\" El Cor&aacute;n menciona la historia de Abraham con su hijo como un sue&ntilde;o, y luego una comunicaci&oacute;n de padre a hijo, mientras que en la Biblia se menciona que Dios le habl&oacute; a Abraham y que su hijo ignoraba los planes de su padre.&nbsp; Comparar Cor&aacute;n 37:99-111 con G\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/16\/#_ftn11076\">[6]<\/a>, Ismael e Isaac, No&eacute;<a title=\" La Biblia describe el diluvio como algo que afect&oacute; a todo el planeta, mientras que el Cor&aacute;n menciona que fue algo local, lo que es coincidente con los descubrimientos cient&iacute;ficos.&nbsp; Comparar Cor&aacute;n 25:37 con G&eacute;nesis 7:23.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/16\/#_ftn11077\">[7]<\/a>, Mois&eacute;s y Jes&uacute;s<a title=\" El Cor&aacute;n asegura que Jes&uacute;s nunca fue crucificado.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/16\/#_ftn11078\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;(Dios les otorgue paz).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">- El Cor&aacute;n tambi&eacute;n contiene muchos datos de informaci&oacute;n hist&oacute;rica sobre los que la Biblia no dice absolutamente nada.&nbsp; &iquest;De qu&eacute; parte de la Biblia pudo copiarse lo siguiente?:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;Las historias de las gentes de &lsquo;Ad y Zamud, y sus Profetas, Hud y Saleh.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;El di&aacute;logo entre el Profeta No&eacute; y su hijo antes del diluvio (Cor&aacute;n 11:42-43).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;El di&aacute;logo entre Abraham y su padre (Cor&aacute;n 6:74), as&iacute; como entre &eacute;l y un rey (Cor&aacute;n 2:258), y entre &eacute;l y sus contempor&aacute;neos (Cor&aacute;n 22:70-102; 29:16-18; 37:83-98; 21:57).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;La menci&oacute;n de la ciudad de Iram (Cor&aacute;n 89:7).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;El Fara&oacute;n durante el &Eacute;xodo; que se ha ahogado, con su cuerpo conservado como una se&ntilde;al para las generaciones futuras (Cor&aacute;n 10:90-92).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;Los milagros de Jes&uacute;s de hablar de la cuna (Cor&aacute;n 3:46), y cuando hizo (por la voluntad de Dios) un p&aacute;jaro vivo de la arcilla (Cor&aacute;n 3:49), etc.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Para m&aacute;s ejemplos, vea las referencias siguientes del Cor&aacute;n: 21:69, 2:260, y 3:37.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref11071\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Para mas detalles ver cap&iacute;tulo 112, 113 y 114.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref11072\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Quran, New York: The Muslim World League, 1977, p.vii.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref11073\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahih Al-Bujari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadiz No.504;&nbsp;<em>Sahih Muslim<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.1, Hadiz No.283.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref11074\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.127-128.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref11075\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;El Cor&aacute;n rechaza que este profeta de Dios haya alguna vez adorado a los &iacute;dolos.&nbsp; Comparar Cor&aacute;n 2:102 con Reyes 11:4.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref11076\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;El Cor&aacute;n menciona la historia de Abraham con su hijo como un sue&ntilde;o, y luego una comunicaci&oacute;n de padre a hijo, mientras que en la Biblia se menciona que Dios le habl&oacute; a Abraham y que su hijo ignoraba los planes de su padre.&nbsp; Comparar Cor&aacute;n 37:99-111 con G&eacute;nesis 22:1-19<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref11077\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;La Biblia describe el diluvio como algo que afect&oacute; a todo el planeta, mientras que el Cor&aacute;n menciona que fue algo local, lo que es coincidente con los descubrimientos cient&iacute;ficos.&nbsp;Comparar Cor&aacute;n 25:37 con G&eacute;nesis 7:23.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/es\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref11078\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;El Cor&aacute;n asegura que Jes&uacute;s nunca fue crucificado.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":24087,"lft":192,"rght":193,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-26T22:26:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:03:38.000000Z","language_id":12,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":15,"parent_id":136,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"About Qur'an & Hadith","category_slug":"About-Quran-and-Hadith","get_date":"2014-07-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/53d3c177-1bec-4b3d-bc0b-181fb8adb1fd-sp_The Authorship of the Quran.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/53d3c177-7240-45a0-9372-181fb8adb1fd-sp_The Authorship of the Quran.docx"},{"id":217,"title":"Qui est l\u2019auteur du Coran","slug":"qui-est-lauteur-du-coran","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr_The Authorship of the Quran.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr_The Authorship of the Quran.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:qui-est-lauteur-du-coran","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\">Qui est l&rsquo;auteur du Coran&nbsp;<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Les paroles d&rsquo;un &ecirc;tre humain?<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.vetogate.com\/upload\/photo\/news\/112\/3\/500x282o\/843.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Bien qu&rsquo;il soit prouv&eacute; que le texte du Coran est demeur&eacute; intact jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; nos jours, comment pouvons-nous &ecirc;tre certains que les mots qui le composent proviennent de Dieu et non d&rsquo;une autre source? &nbsp;Cette question nous am&egrave;ne &agrave; nous pencher sur l&rsquo;authenticit&eacute;, l&rsquo;autorit&eacute; ou la source du Coran.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Concernant la paternit&eacute; du Coran, les musulmans croient que Dieu l&rsquo;a r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; mot pour mot &agrave; Mohammed (que la paix et les b&eacute;n&eacute;dictions de Dieu soient sur lui). Cependant, les non-musulmans qui ne sont pas de cet avis ne r&eacute;futent pas les t&eacute;moignages selon lesquels Mohammed, un Arabe qui vivait &agrave; la Mecque au 7<sup>&egrave;me<\/sup>&nbsp;si&egrave;cle de notre &egrave;re, a &eacute;t&eacute; le premier &agrave; en prononcer les paroles. &nbsp;Et, tel que mentionn&eacute; plus haut, il n&rsquo;y a eu, depuis lors, aucun changement &agrave; ce qui a &eacute;t&eacute; consign&eacute; par &eacute;crit des paroles qu&rsquo;il a prononc&eacute;es.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Pour soutenir la th&egrave;se que Dieu est l&rsquo;auteur du Coran, les musulmans se basent sur une&nbsp;&laquo;&nbsp;preuve interne&nbsp;&raquo; c&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire sur des affirmations allant dans ce sens qui proviennent du Coran lui-m&ecirc;me (par exemple 4:28; 6:19, 6:92, 27:6, 45:2, etc.). On peut comprendre que les non-musulmans consid&egrave;rent cette &laquo;&nbsp;preuve&nbsp;&raquo; avec scepticisme, car pratiquement n&rsquo;importe qui peut citer des passages de ses &eacute;critures qui pr&eacute;tendent que les &eacute;critures en question sont une r&eacute;v&eacute;lation divine. Nous sommes donc contraints par la logique et par le souci d&rsquo;objectivit&eacute; de rechercher ailleurs des &laquo;&nbsp;preuves externes&nbsp;&raquo; prouvant que le Coran est la parole de Dieu et qu&rsquo;il provient donc d&rsquo;une source divine.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Pour pr&eacute;senter cette &laquo;&nbsp;preuve externe&nbsp;&raquo; et trouver la r&eacute;ponse &agrave; la question &laquo;&nbsp;Qui est l&rsquo;auteur du Coran?&nbsp;&raquo;, nous proposons de proc&eacute;der par &eacute;limination en rayant de la liste des r&eacute;ponses possibles toute r&eacute;ponse qui para&icirc;trait comme d&eacute;finitivement non-plausible. &nbsp;En d&rsquo;autres termes, nous allons d&eacute;terminer avec certitude ou (au moins) avec le plus de probabilit&eacute; possible qui est l&rsquo;auteur ou la source du Coran en &eacute;liminant les candidats potentiels inacceptables.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Les non-musulmans ont des opinions vari&eacute;es et contradictoires sur la source v&eacute;ritable du Coran. &nbsp;La liste suivante des auteurs &laquo;&nbsp;possibles&nbsp;&raquo; refl&egrave;te, selon eux, les principales th&eacute;ories&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mohammed<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Un ou des po&egrave;tes, ou des savants ou &eacute;rudits d&rsquo;origine arabe<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Des po&egrave;tes ou des savants ou &eacute;rudits, ou encore des personnalit&eacute;s religieuses d&rsquo;origine non-arabe<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Des moines ou des rabbins (i.e. des sources bibliques ou jud&eacute;o-chr&eacute;tiennes)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Satan (ou autres &laquo;&nbsp;esprits trompeurs&nbsp;&raquo; ou &laquo;&nbsp;extraterrestres&nbsp;&raquo;, etc.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dieu.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Nous pouvons maintenant passer &agrave; un examen plus approfondi du texte coranique et de certains &eacute;v&eacute;nements relat&eacute;s par des historiens afin de d&eacute;terminer &agrave; quel point ces th&eacute;ories sont plausibles.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Mohammed&nbsp;: Illettr&eacute; et sans instruction<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;C&rsquo;est un fait notoire que Mohammed ne savait ni lire ni &eacute;crire (Coran 29:48) et personne, parmi ses contemporains non-musulmans ou parmi les historiens contemporains, ne conteste cela.&nbsp; Il n&rsquo;a jamais re&ccedil;u d&rsquo;&eacute;ducation ou d&rsquo;enseignement d&rsquo;aucune sorte.&nbsp; Il n&rsquo;a jamais &eacute;t&eacute; connu pour composer de la po&eacute;sie ou de la prose orale.&nbsp; Or, m&ecirc;me les savants non-musulmans reconnaissent la grandeur du Coran et l&rsquo;&eacute;tendue des textes de loi qu&rsquo;il renferme et ne trouvent, en lui, aucune contradiction.<a title=\" Voir Fredrick Denny, Islam, NY: Harper &amp; Row, 1987, p.88; Dr. Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1983, p.163; et H.A.R. Gibb, Wither Islam, NY: A.M.S. Press, 1932, p.350; etc.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/17\/#_ftn11727\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp; Son contenu traite, de fa&ccedil;on parfaitement coh&eacute;rente, des relations sociales et &eacute;conomiques, de l&eacute;gislation politique et religieuse, d&rsquo;histoire, de conception de l&rsquo;univers, des &ecirc;tres vivants, des id&eacute;es et des syst&egrave;mes de pens&eacute;e, des interactions humaines, de guerre, de paix, de mariage, de culte, de n&eacute;goce et de tout ce qui touche &agrave; la vie en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le Coran n&rsquo;a jamais &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;dit&eacute; ou r&eacute;vis&eacute; car il n&rsquo;a jamais eu besoin de r&eacute;vision ou de correction.&nbsp; Comment tous ces sujets auraient-ils pu &ecirc;tre trait&eacute;s avec autant de pr&eacute;cision par un Arabe du 7<sup>e<\/sup>&nbsp;si&egrave;cle n&rsquo;ayant re&ccedil;u aucune instruction, ne sachant m&ecirc;me pas lire et n&rsquo;ayant donc aucun acc&egrave;s aux rares &eacute;crits relatifs &agrave; ces sujets?&nbsp; Existe-t-il un autre exemple, dans l&rsquo;histoire, o&ugrave; un illettr&eacute; aurait produit un ouvrage de cette envergure?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">L&rsquo;int&eacute;grit&eacute; reconnue de Mohammed<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Avant la r&eacute;v&eacute;lation de l&rsquo;islam, la sinc&eacute;rit&eacute;, la franchise et l&rsquo;honn&ecirc;tet&eacute; de Mohammed &eacute;taient tellement connues dans sa communaut&eacute; et parmi ses contemporains qu&rsquo;ils lui avaient donn&eacute; le surnom de &laquo;&nbsp;Al-Amine&nbsp;&raquo; (celui &agrave; qui on peut faire confiance).&nbsp; Aucun mensonge ne lui a jamais &eacute;t&eacute; attribu&eacute;, et plusieurs orientalistes occidentaux modernes ont admis que, contrairement aux tentatives de tromperies d&eacute;lib&eacute;r&eacute;es faites par d&rsquo;autres orientalistes dans le pass&eacute;, il leur appara&icirc;t ind&eacute;niable que le Proph&egrave;te &eacute;tait profond&eacute;ment et sinc&egrave;rement convaincu que la r&eacute;v&eacute;lation lui venait de Dieu Lui-m&ecirc;me.<a title=\" Voir, par exemple, H.A.R. Gibb, Mohammedanism, London: Oxford University Press, 1962, p.25\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/17\/#_ftn11728\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Si son int&eacute;grit&eacute; avait pu &ecirc;tre mise en doute et s&rsquo;il avait vraiment &eacute;t&eacute; motiv&eacute; par le d&eacute;sir de s&rsquo;attirer une certaine gloire personnelle en produisant le Coran, alors pourquoi en attribuer la source &agrave; Dieu plut&ocirc;t que de pr&eacute;tendre en &ecirc;tre lui-m&ecirc;me l&rsquo;auteur? &nbsp;D&rsquo;autant plus que les pa&iuml;ens de la Mecque ne pouvaient que s&rsquo;&eacute;merveiller devant un tel texte et avaient d&eacute;j&agrave; conc&eacute;d&eacute; que personne n&rsquo;&eacute;tait en mesure de produire d&rsquo;&eacute;crit similaire (Coran 2:23-24, 17:88, etc.). &nbsp;Ses ennemis lui offrirent m&ecirc;me de devenir ses sujets en lui pr&ecirc;tant all&eacute;geance comme roi de la Mecque et de lui donner toutes les richesses auxquelles il pouvait aspirer &agrave; la condition qu&rsquo;il cesse de r&eacute;citer le Coran. &nbsp;S&rsquo;il avait vraiment &eacute;t&eacute; motiv&eacute; par la gloire personnelle et par la soif du pouvoir, pourquoi d&eacute;cliner l&rsquo;offre lorsqu&rsquo;elle lui fut pr&eacute;sent&eacute;e et lui pr&eacute;f&eacute;rer une vie d&rsquo;humilit&eacute;, de simplicit&eacute;, o&ugrave; il &eacute;tait soumis &agrave; la pers&eacute;cution, aux sanctions et m&ecirc;me aux attaques hostiles de ceux qui se sentaient menac&eacute;s par le message du Dieu unique.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">De plus, est-il raisonnable de penser que Mohammed, l&rsquo;illettr&eacute;, ait pu &ecirc;tre l&rsquo;auteur du Coran pour en tirer un b&eacute;n&eacute;fice personnel et que dans ce m&ecirc;me Coran, il se soit critiqu&eacute; lui-m&ecirc;me et ait r&eacute;prouv&eacute; ses propres actions? &nbsp;Par exemple&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp; Il s&rsquo;est renfrogn&eacute; et il s&rsquo;est d&eacute;tourn&eacute; parce que l&rsquo;aveugle est venu &agrave; lui.&nbsp; &hellip;&nbsp;&raquo; (Coran 80:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Et aussi,<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;&hellip; Tu craignais les gens alors que Dieu est plus digne d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre craint.&nbsp;&raquo; (Coran 33:37)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Les versets 18:23-24 et d&rsquo;autres versets y font &eacute;galement r&eacute;f&eacute;rence. &nbsp;Pourquoi se serait-il lui-m&ecirc;me mis dans l&rsquo;embarras alors qu&rsquo;il aurait pu simplement omettre ou modifier &agrave; son avantage ces versets du Coran? &nbsp;Ces versets ne le faisaient certainement pas para&icirc;tre &agrave; son avantage si son but avait &eacute;t&eacute; d&rsquo;obtenir pouvoir et &nbsp;prestige. &nbsp;L&rsquo;existence m&ecirc;me de ces versets prouve sans l&rsquo;ombre d&rsquo;un doute que Mohammed &eacute;tait v&eacute;ritablement un Messager de Dieu sinc&egrave;re et v&eacute;ridique!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/17\/#_ftnref11727\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Voir Fredrick Denny, Islam, NY: Harper &amp; Row, 1987, p.88; Dr. Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1983, p.163; et H.A.R. Gibb, Wither Islam, NY: A.M.S. Press, 1932, p.350; etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/17\/#_ftnref11728\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Voir, par exemple, H.A.R. Gibb, Mohammedanism, London: Oxford University Press, 1962, p.25<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Les paroles d&rsquo;un po&egrave;te ou d&rsquo;un enseignant?<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le Style du Coran<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Il y a un monde de diff&eacute;rence entre le style du Coran et le style du Proph&egrave;te Mohammed, dans sa fa&ccedil;on de parler, tel que rapport&eacute; dans les livres de hadiths. &nbsp;&Agrave; tous &eacute;gards, la diff&eacute;rence entre les deux est &eacute;vidente au premier coup d&rsquo;&oelig;il, que ce soit au niveau du style ou du contenu.&nbsp; Les paroles de Mohammed (hadiths) &eacute;taient prononc&eacute;es sur le ton de la conversation ou du discours oratoire, et il avait &eacute;galement recours &agrave; l&rsquo;expos&eacute; logique des faits et des id&eacute;es, types de communication avec lesquels les arabes &eacute;taient d&eacute;j&agrave; familiers. &nbsp;Par contraste, le style du Coran est empreint d&rsquo;une autorit&eacute; tranchante:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Nous avons cr&eacute;&eacute; les cieux et la terre&hellip;&nbsp;&raquo; (Coran 15:85, 44:38, 46:3, 50:38)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Et&nbsp;l&rsquo;ordre maintes fois r&eacute;p&eacute;t&eacute; :<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Dis&hellip;&nbsp;&raquo;<a title=\" Cet ordre est r&eacute;p&eacute;t&eacute; de trop nombreuses fois pour que nous en fassions la liste, mais vous en trouverez un exemple aux sourates 112,113,114.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/16\/#_ftn11729\">[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Voir aussi,<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Ne m&eacute;ditent-ils donc pas sur le Coran?&nbsp; S&rsquo;il provenait d&rsquo;un autre que Dieu, ils y trouveraient maintes contradictions.&nbsp;&raquo; (Coran 4:82)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Et&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Dis&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Composez donc une sourate semblable et appelez, pour vous aider, tous ceux que vous pouvez en dehors de Dieu, si vous &ecirc;tes v&eacute;ridiques.&nbsp;&raquo; (Coran 10:38)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Voir &eacute;galement&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Et si vous &ecirc;tes dans le doute au sujet de ce que Nous avons r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; &agrave; Notre serviteur (Mohammed), alors essayez donc de produire ne serait-ce qu&rsquo;une sourate semblable. (&hellip;)&nbsp; Et si vous n&rsquo;y parvenez pas, et &agrave; coup s&ucirc;r vous n&rsquo;y parviendrez jamais&hellip;&nbsp;&raquo; (Coran 2:23-24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Quel &ecirc;tre humain faillible &eacute;crirait un livre et d&eacute;fierait l&rsquo;humanit&eacute; enti&egrave;re d&rsquo;y trouver des contradictions comme le fait l&rsquo;auteur du Coran? (Coran 4:82 &ndash; voir plus haut). &nbsp;Serait-il raisonnable, pour un &eacute;tudiant ou un &eacute;l&egrave;ve, apr&egrave;s avoir termin&eacute; d&rsquo;&eacute;crire sa copie d&rsquo;examen d&rsquo;y ajouter une note &agrave; son professeur disant&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Lisez mes r&eacute;ponses bien attentivement et je vous mets au d&eacute;fi d&rsquo;y trouver des contradictions ou des erreurs!&nbsp;&raquo;? &nbsp;Le style du Coran est tout simplement celui du Cr&eacute;ateur Omniscient.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">De plus, le Coran est un chef d&rsquo;&oelig;uvre de litt&eacute;rature arabe qui a &eacute;t&eacute; et demeure in&eacute;gal&eacute; en mati&egrave;re d&rsquo;&eacute;loquence.&nbsp; De par son style rythmique, ses rimes, la profondeur de ce qu&rsquo;il exprime &ndash; qui parfois nous tourmente presque &ndash; , sa majest&eacute;, son &laquo;&nbsp;<em>inimitable symphonie, dont les sonorit&eacute;s m&ecirc;mes &eacute;meuvent jusqu&rsquo;aux larmes et provoquent un &eacute;tat d&rsquo;extase<\/em>&nbsp;&raquo;<a title=\" Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Quran, New York: The Muslim World League, 1977, p.vii.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/16\/#_ftn11730\">[2]<\/a>, il a fait vaciller les fondations d&rsquo;une soci&eacute;t&eacute; enorgueillie par sa po&eacute;sie et qui adorait se pr&eacute;valoir de ses talents oratoires. &nbsp;Des concours annuels &eacute;taient organis&eacute;s &agrave; La Mecque pour d&eacute;terminer qui pourrait r&eacute;citer, de m&eacute;moire, les po&egrave;mes les plus longs et les plus expressifs, et les concurrents rivalisaient d&rsquo;&eacute;loquence. &nbsp;Lorsque le Coran fut r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute;, toutes ces comp&eacute;titions furent interrompues. &nbsp;Les Arabes avaient compris que toute comp&eacute;tition serait d&eacute;sormais futile.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Tout comme le miracle du b&acirc;ton de Mo&iuml;se se transformant en serpent r&eacute;el avait surpass&eacute; les pouvoirs de tous les magiciens de Pharaon au temps o&ugrave; les &Eacute;gyptiens &eacute;taient au sommet de leur ma&icirc;trise de la magie et de la sorcellerie, et tout comme les miracles de J&eacute;sus gu&eacute;rissant l&rsquo;aveugle de naissance et ressuscitant les morts l&rsquo;avaient emport&eacute; sur les pouvoirs des gu&eacute;risseurs au temps o&ugrave; les juifs &eacute;taient connus pour leur ma&icirc;trise de la m&eacute;decine, le Coran fut le miracle personnel du proph&egrave;te Mohammed.<a title=\" Sahih Al-Boukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.504; Sahih Mouslim Vol.1, Hadith No.283.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/16\/#_ftn11731\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp; Comment des expressions aussi magnifiques et ce style insurpassable auraient-ils pu provenir d&rsquo;un homme, qui durant 40 ans, n&rsquo;avait jamais &eacute;t&eacute; connu pour poss&eacute;der de tels talents?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Similitudes et diff&eacute;rences entre le Coran et la Bible<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le fait qu&rsquo;il existe des similarit&eacute;s entre deux livres n&rsquo;est pas suffisant pour pouvoir conclure que l&rsquo;un doit n&eacute;cessairement avoir &eacute;t&eacute; copi&eacute; sur l&rsquo;autre. &nbsp;Les deux pourraient avoir pris leurs informations d&rsquo;une tierce source commune, expliquant ainsi les quelques similarit&eacute;s entre eux. &nbsp;L&rsquo;id&eacute;e de Dieu comme source de toute r&eacute;v&eacute;lation authentique est d&rsquo;ailleurs un argument que l&rsquo;on retrouve dans le Coran lui-m&ecirc;me. (Coran 4:47).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Certains chercheurs ont not&eacute; que les seuls chr&eacute;tiens auxquels le proph&egrave;te Mohammed (que la paix et les b&eacute;n&eacute;dictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a &eacute;t&eacute; pr&eacute;sent&eacute; avant sa mission n&rsquo;ont pas pass&eacute; suffisamment de temps en sa compagnie pour qu&rsquo;ils aient pu lui enseigner quoi que ce soit de leurs &Eacute;critures. &nbsp;Aucune autre annale historique ne fait mention de quelqu&rsquo;un qui aurait pu &ecirc;tre l&rsquo;enseignant du proph&egrave;te, ni parmi les juifs ni parmi les chr&eacute;tiens.<a title=\" Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.127-128.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/16\/#_ftn11732\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp; Par ailleurs, ses contemporains, parmi les Arabes, rivalisaient d&rsquo;ardeur pour le discr&eacute;diter. &nbsp;S&rsquo;il avait eu un professeur secret, ils l&rsquo;auraient &agrave; coup s&ucirc;r d&eacute;voil&eacute;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">De plus, comment le Coran pourrait-il &ecirc;tre une copie de la Bible alors que les diff&eacute;rences de credo exprim&eacute;es dans les deux textes sont &agrave; ce point irr&eacute;conciliables? &nbsp;Le concept de Dieu et celui de proph&egrave;te, les concepts de p&eacute;ch&eacute; et de pardon que l&rsquo;on retrouve dans le Coran sont tr&egrave;s diff&eacute;rents de ceux que l&rsquo;on retrouve dans la Bible. &nbsp;En fait, le Coran s&rsquo;adresse parfois directement aux juifs et aux chr&eacute;tiens pour corriger ce qu&rsquo;il affirme &ecirc;tre des corruptions survenues dans leurs propres &eacute;critures. &nbsp;Il est int&eacute;ressant de noter aussi que les r&eacute;v&eacute;lations coraniques qui traitent des probl&egrave;mes de la doctrine du christianisme sont apparues au cours de la p&eacute;riode mecquoise, c&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire avant que le proph&egrave;te ne migre &agrave; M&eacute;dine, o&ugrave; il aurait &eacute;t&eacute; plus facilement en contact avec des &eacute;rudits juifs et chr&eacute;tiens.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">M&ecirc;me dans le cas de narrations communes aux deux textes, nous observons des diff&eacute;rences fondamentales entre les deux &Eacute;critures. &nbsp;Par exemple, contrairement &agrave; la Bible, le Coran :<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ne rejette pas le bl&acirc;me sur les femmes pour l&rsquo;erreur commise par Adam (que la paix de Dieu soit sur lui) et &Egrave;ve lorsqu&rsquo;ils ont d&eacute;sob&eacute;i &agrave; Dieu au jardin d&rsquo;&Eacute;den. (Comparez Gen&egrave;se 3:12-17 avec Coran 91:7-8 et 2:35-37);<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;met bien l&rsquo;accent sur le fait qu&rsquo;Adam et &Egrave;ve se sont repentis &agrave; Dieu (Coran 7:23) et ont obtenu Son pardon (Coran 2:37);<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mentionne que le fait qu&rsquo;Adam et &Egrave;ve se soient finalement retrouv&eacute;s sur la terre faisait d&eacute;j&agrave; partie du plan de Dieu avant m&ecirc;me qu&rsquo;Il ne les&nbsp; cr&eacute;e (Coran 2:30) et n&rsquo;est donc pas une sorte de punition (Gen&egrave;se 3:17-19).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">D&rsquo;autres variations significatives se manifestent dans les r&eacute;cits de Salomon<a title=\" &nbsp;Le Coran rejette l&rsquo;opinion selon laquelle ce proph&egrave;te aurait &eacute;t&eacute; un adorateur d&rsquo;idoles &ndash; comparez Coran 2:102 et 1 Rois 11:4.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/16\/#_ftn11733\">[5]<\/a>, d&rsquo;Abraham<a title=\"&nbsp; Le Coran rapporte que Dieu a command&eacute; le sacrifice de son fils &agrave; Abraham par l&rsquo;interm&eacute;diaire d&rsquo;un r&ecirc;ve et que son fils &eacute;tait d&rsquo;accord avec ce commandement (il fut ensuite sauv&eacute; par l&rsquo;intervention de Dieu).&nbsp; Mais la Bible affirme que Dieu lui aurait parl\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/16\/#_ftn11734\">[6]<\/a>, d&rsquo;Isma&euml;l et d&rsquo;Isaac, de Lot, de No&eacute;&nbsp;<a title=\"&nbsp; &nbsp;La Bible affirme que le d&eacute;luge a touch&eacute; la plan&egrave;te tout enti&egrave;re tandis que le Coran affirme que le ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne ne s&rsquo;est produit que localement.&nbsp; La description coranique concorde d&rsquo;ailleurs avec les nombreuses preuves scientifiques touchant cet &eacute;v&eacute;nement\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/16\/#_ftn11735\">[7]<\/a>, de Mo&iuml;se et de J&eacute;sus<a title=\" Le Coran insiste &agrave; maintes reprises sur le fait que J&eacute;sus n&rsquo;a jamais &eacute;t&eacute; crucifi&eacute;.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/16\/#_ftn11736\">[8]<\/a>(que la paix de Dieu soit sur eux).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le Coran mentionne aussi un grand nombre d&rsquo;informations historiques qui ne sont pas du tout mentionn&eacute;es dans la Bible. &nbsp;De quelle partie de la Bible le Coran aurait-il copi&eacute; ce qui suit?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le r&eacute;cit des peuples de &lsquo;Aad et Thamoud et de leurs proph&egrave;tes, Houd et Saleh.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le dialogue entre le proph&egrave;te No&eacute; et son fils avant le d&eacute;luge (Coran 11:42-43)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le dialogue entre Abraham et son p&egrave;re (Coran 6:74), celui entre lui et un roi (Coran 2:258), et celui entre lui et son peuple (Coran 22:70-102, 29:16-18, 37:83-98, 21:57)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La mention de la ville de Iram (Coran 89:7)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Que le pharaon de l&rsquo;Exode est mort noy&eacute;, et que son corps &eacute;t&eacute; pr&eacute;serv&eacute; comme un signe pour les g&eacute;n&eacute;rations futures. (Coran 10:90-92)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le miracle de J&eacute;sus qui a parl&eacute; aux gens d&egrave;s le berceau (Coran 3:46), et qui a fa&ccedil;onn&eacute; un oiseau d&rsquo;argile avant de le transformer (par la volont&eacute; de Dieu) en oiseau v&eacute;ritable en soufflant dessus (Coran 3:49), etc.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Pour d&rsquo;autres exemples, voir Coran 21:69, 2:260 et 3:37.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref11729\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Cet ordre est r&eacute;p&eacute;t&eacute; de trop nombreuses fois pour que nous en fassions la liste, mais vous en trouverez un exemple aux sourates 112,113,114.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref11730\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Quran, New York: The Muslim World League, 1977, p.vii.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref11731\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahih Al-Boukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith No.504;&nbsp;<em>Sahih Mouslim<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.1, Hadith No.283.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref11732\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.127-128.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref11733\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Le Coran rejette l&rsquo;opinion selon laquelle ce proph&egrave;te aurait &eacute;t&eacute; un adorateur d&rsquo;idoles &ndash; comparez Coran 2:102 et 1 Rois 11:4.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref11734\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Le Coran rapporte que Dieu a command&eacute; le sacrifice de son fils &agrave; Abraham par l&rsquo;interm&eacute;diaire d&rsquo;un r&ecirc;ve et que son fils &eacute;tait d&rsquo;accord avec ce commandement (il fut ensuite sauv&eacute; par l&rsquo;intervention de Dieu).&nbsp; Mais la Bible affirme que Dieu lui aurait parl&eacute; de vive voix et que son fils n&rsquo;&eacute;tait pas au courant.&nbsp;&nbsp; Comparez Coran 37:99-111 et Gen&egrave;se 22:1-19.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref11735\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;La Bible affirme que le d&eacute;luge a touch&eacute; la plan&egrave;te tout enti&egrave;re tandis que le Coran affirme que le ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne ne s&rsquo;est produit que localement.&nbsp; La description coranique concorde d&rsquo;ailleurs avec les nombreuses preuves scientifiques touchant cet &eacute;v&eacute;nement.&nbsp; Comparez Coran 25:37 et Gen&egrave;se 7:23.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref11736\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;Le Coran insiste &agrave; maintes reprises sur le fait que J&eacute;sus n&rsquo;a jamais &eacute;t&eacute; crucifi&eacute;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Les paroles de Satan ou les paroles de Dieu?<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Les enseignements coraniques &agrave; propos de Satan et &agrave; propos de la morale.<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Certains pr&eacute;tendent que le Coran &eacute;tait l&rsquo;&oelig;uvre du diable.<a title=\" Voir l&rsquo;ouvrage de Norman Daniel&nbsp;: Islam and the West: the Making of an Image, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 1989, p.83, 94, etc.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftn11737\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp; Examinons &agrave; quel point cette all&eacute;gation peut &ecirc;tre consid&eacute;r&eacute;e comme sens&eacute;e (ou insens&eacute;e).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">S&rsquo;il &eacute;tait l&rsquo;auteur du Coran, ou qu&rsquo;il l&rsquo;avait lui-m&ecirc;me inspir&eacute;, pourquoi Satan se maudirait-il lui-m&ecirc;me et se dirait l&rsquo;ennemi jur&eacute; des &ecirc;tres humains (Coran 35:6 et 36:60)? &nbsp;Pourquoi Satan ordonnerait-il &nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Lorsque tu r&eacute;cites le Coran, cherche refuge aupr&egrave;s de Dieu contre Satan le banni.&nbsp;&raquo; Coran 16:98)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Pourquoi Satan se condamnerait lui-m&ecirc;me avec une telle v&eacute;h&eacute;mence? &nbsp;Le bon sens commun accepterait-il l&rsquo;id&eacute;e que Satan demande aux gens de faire ce qui est bien, d&rsquo;avoir une bonne moralit&eacute;, d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre vertueux, de n&rsquo;adorer personne d&rsquo;autre que Dieu, de ne pas &eacute;couter Satan et ses suggestions, et d&rsquo;&eacute;viter le mal et de le combattre?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Soutenir une telle th&egrave;se est insens&eacute; et d&rsquo;une logique r&eacute;pugnante pour des gens raisonnables, car Satan ne se ferait de tort qu&rsquo;&agrave; lui-m&ecirc;me s&rsquo;il &eacute;tait l&rsquo;auteur. &nbsp;M&ecirc;me la Bible atteste&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp; Si donc Satan se r&eacute;volte contre lui-m&ecirc;me, il est divis&eacute;, et il ne peut subsister, mais c'en est fait de lui.&nbsp;&raquo; (Marc 3:26)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Cet argument s&rsquo;applique &agrave; toute les &lsquo;forces sataniques&rsquo;, qu&rsquo;on les appelle &lsquo;esprits mal&eacute;fiques&rsquo;, &lsquo;extra-terrestres trompeurs&rsquo;, etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Les informations factuelles et scientifiques contenues dans le &nbsp;Coran<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le Coran relate des faits et des &eacute;v&eacute;nements anciens qui &eacute;taient inconnus de Mohammed et de ses contemporains et dont les historiens, jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; la premi&egrave;re moiti&eacute; de 20<sup>&egrave;me<\/sup>&nbsp;si&egrave;cle, n&rsquo;avaient pas encore eu connaissance. &nbsp;Des dizaines de versets font aussi r&eacute;f&eacute;rence &agrave; des merveilles scientifiques dont certaines viennent &agrave; peine d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre d&eacute;couvertes ou confirm&eacute;es et qui ont trait &agrave; la cr&eacute;ation de l&rsquo;univers, &agrave; la biologie, l&rsquo;embryologie, l&rsquo;astronomie, la physique, la g&eacute;ographie, la m&eacute;t&eacute;orologie, la m&eacute;decine, l&rsquo;histoire, l&rsquo;oc&eacute;anographie, etc. &nbsp;Voici quelques exemples de d&eacute;couvertes scientifiques modernes mentionn&eacute;es dans le Coran<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>La Cit&eacute; perdue de Iram. (Coran 89:7)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Les abeilles ouvri&egrave;res qui sont des femelles. (Coran 16:68)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Le r&ocirc;le des montagnes comme &laquo;&nbsp;piquets&nbsp;&raquo; stabilisateurs. (Coran 16:68)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>La forme sph&eacute;rique de la Terre. (Coran 7:54, 36:37, 31:29)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>L&rsquo;expansion de l&rsquo;univers. (Coran 51:47)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Le &laquo;&nbsp;Big Bang&nbsp;&raquo; (Coran 21:30)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Le fait qu&rsquo;&agrave; un moment donn&eacute; l&rsquo;univers n&rsquo;ait &eacute;t&eacute; qu&rsquo;une sorte de nuage de &lsquo;fum&eacute;e&rsquo;. Coran 41:11)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>La description coranique des stades de d&eacute;veloppement de l&rsquo;embryon humain. (Coran 23:12-14)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Nous r&eacute;f&eacute;rons les lecteurs qui d&eacute;sirent en savoir plus sur le sujet aux ouvrages de Maurice Bucaille&nbsp;<a title=\" Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1978\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftn11738\">[2]<\/a>, de Jeffrey Lang<a title=\" Jeffrey Lang, Struggling to Surrender, Maryland: Amana Publications, 1994\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftn11739\">[3]<\/a>, de Malik Bennabi<a title=\" Malik Bennabi, The Quranic Phenomenon, trad. A.B. Kirkary, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1983\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftn11740\">[4]<\/a>, de Keith L. Moore<a title=\" Keith Moore, The Developing Human, 3e &eacute;dition, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1982\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftn11741\">[5]<\/a>, de I. A. Ibrahim<a title=\" I.A. Ibrahim, A Brief Illustrated Guide to Understanding Islam, Houston: Darussalam Publishers, 1997\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftn11742\">[6]<\/a>, de Hamza Mustapha Njozi<a title=\" H.M. Njozi, The Sources of the Quran: A Critical Review of the Authorship Theories, Saudi Arabia: WAMY Publications, 1991\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftn11743\">[7]<\/a>, et de Gary Miller&nbsp;<a title=\" Gary Miller, The Basis of Muslim Beliefs, Kuala Lampur: Prime Minister&rsquo;s Department - Islamic Affairs Division, 1995\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftn11744\">[8]<\/a><a title=\" (http:\/\/users.erols.com\/ameen\/amazingq.htm)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftn11745\">[9]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Combien de scientifiques modernes, experts dans leur domaine de comp&eacute;tence, et de brillants chercheurs, second&eacute;s par des instruments de mesure de haute performance, des satellites, des t&eacute;lescopes, des microscopes et des ordinateurs, combien a-t-il fallu de telles personnes pour d&eacute;couvrir des faits scientifiques d&eacute;j&agrave; mentionn&eacute;s dans le Coran? &nbsp;Et sur quelle p&eacute;riode de temps ces d&eacute;couvertes se sont-elles &eacute;tal&eacute;es?&nbsp; Est-il concevable qu&rsquo;un &ecirc;tre humain, quel qu&rsquo;il soit, puisse avoir &eacute;t&eacute; l&rsquo;auteur d&rsquo;une telle &eacute;criture, il y a plus de 1400 ans, avec toutes les informations qu&rsquo;elle renferme, sans parler d&rsquo;un &ecirc;tre humain analphab&egrave;te et n&rsquo;ayant jamais re&ccedil;u d&rsquo;&eacute;ducation?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">S&rsquo;il est vrai que le Coran mentionne l&rsquo;incapacit&eacute; de l&rsquo;homme &agrave; saisir pleinement tous les myst&egrave;res de la cr&eacute;ation dans sa complexit&eacute; extr&ecirc;me (Coran 67:3-4), la r&eacute;v&eacute;lation semble quand m&ecirc;me offrir des indications &agrave; propos de divers ph&eacute;nom&egrave;nes naturels comme si elle incitait les &ecirc;tres humains &agrave; faire des recherches et &agrave; v&eacute;rifier ce qui y est mentionn&eacute;. &nbsp;Encore une fois, cela est dit avec une telle autorit&eacute; et une telle assurance, qu&rsquo;on ne peut que pr&eacute;sumer que l&rsquo;auteur met v&eacute;ritablement au d&eacute;fi notre incr&eacute;dulit&eacute;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Comparer ce qui est mentionn&eacute; dans le Coran &agrave; propos de l&rsquo;univers physique et certaines notions scientifiques qui traitent du m&ecirc;me sujet nous am&egrave;ne &agrave; d&eacute;couvrir de profondes similitudes.&nbsp; Mais ce qui est particuli&egrave;rement remarquable, comme le Dr Bucaille le soul&egrave;ve, est que le Coran se distingue de tous les autres ouvrages de l&rsquo;antiquit&eacute; qui d&eacute;crivent ou tentent de d&eacute;crire comment la nature fonctionne en ce sens qu&rsquo;il &eacute;vite les concepts erron&eacute;s.&nbsp; En effet, le Coran mentionne de nombreux sujets qui ont une incidence directe sur des connaissances modernes sans qu&rsquo;on puisse y trouver ne serait-ce qu&rsquo;une seule d&eacute;claration qui soit en contradiction avec ce qui a &eacute;t&eacute; aujourd&rsquo;hui scientifiquement &eacute;tabli.<a title=\" Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1978\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftn11746\">[10]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le Dr Bucaille va m&ecirc;me jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; conclure son &eacute;tude par la remarque suivante&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;&nbsp;Vu le niveau des connaissances &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;poque de Mohammed, il est inconcevable que les nombreuses d&eacute;clarations en rapport avec la science que l&rsquo;on retrouve dans le Coran puissent avoir &eacute;t&eacute; l&rsquo;&oelig;uvre d&rsquo;un homme.&nbsp; De plus, il est parfaitement l&eacute;gitime, non seulement de voir le Coran comme une expression de la r&eacute;v&eacute;lation, mais &eacute;galement de lui accorder une place tr&egrave;s sp&eacute;ciale, de par la garantie d&rsquo;authenticit&eacute; qu&rsquo;il renferme et au vu de son contenu de d&eacute;clarations scientifiques, qui, lorsqu&rsquo;on les &eacute;tudie de nos jours, mettent encore au d&eacute;fi l&rsquo;entendement humain.&nbsp;&raquo;<a title=\" [76] ibid., p.163.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftn11747\">[11]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Conclusions<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">En cherchant la source possible du Coran, nous avons d&eacute;couvert les points suivants&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(1) Mohammed &eacute;tait illettr&eacute;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(2) Mohammed &eacute;tait d&rsquo;une int&eacute;grit&eacute; irr&eacute;prochable<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(3) Le style extr&ecirc;mement particulier du Coran<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(4) Les contradictions entre le Coran et la Bible<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(5) Les enseignements coraniques &agrave; propos de Satan et &agrave; propos de la morale<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(6) Les informations factuelles et scientifiques contenues dans le Coran.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Nous pr&eacute;sentons ces points pour nous aider dans notre &laquo;&nbsp;d&eacute;marche&nbsp; d&rsquo;&eacute;limination&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;des sources ou des auteurs suivants du Coran&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Mohammed&nbsp;:&nbsp;<\/strong>Nous pouvons d&rsquo;ores&nbsp; et d&eacute;j&agrave; &eacute;liminer Mohammed de la liste des auteurs possibles du Coran. &nbsp;En vertu des points 1, 2, 3, 5 et 6 pr&eacute;sent&eacute;s plus haut, il est absolument exclu qu&rsquo;il ait pu &ecirc;tre l&rsquo;auteur du Coran.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Autre(s) po&egrave;te(s) ou savant(s) arabe(s):<\/strong>&nbsp;on peut aussi &eacute;liminer tout autre arabe de la liste des auteurs en vertu des points 2, 3 et 6 (au minimum).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Quelqu&rsquo;un qui n&rsquo;est pas d&rsquo;origine arabe:<\/strong>&nbsp;les raisons qui font qu&rsquo;on &eacute;limine toute personne d&rsquo;origine arabe de la liste nous am&egrave;nent aussi &agrave; &eacute;liminer toute personne qui n&rsquo;est pas d&rsquo;origine arabe, qu&rsquo;il (elle) soit savant, &eacute;rudit, po&egrave;te, ou personnalit&eacute; religieuse.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Moines chr&eacute;tiens ou rabbins juifs (c&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire des sources jud&eacute;o-chr&eacute;tiennes):<\/strong>&nbsp;Cette source est rejet&eacute;e en vertu des points 1, 2, 3, 4, et 6.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Satan&nbsp;: (ou autre(s) esprit(s) trompeur(s) ou extraterrestre(s) :<\/strong>&nbsp;Cette possibilit&eacute; est &eacute;galement &agrave; rejeter comme inacceptable en vertu des points d&eacute;j&agrave; discut&eacute;s, surtout du point 5.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Allah (Dieu) :&nbsp;<\/strong>En l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;aucune autre alternative acceptable comme source du Coran, nous sommes plus ou moins forc&eacute;s par la logique d&rsquo;accepter que le Coran est bel et bien ce qu&rsquo;il pr&eacute;tend &ecirc;tre &ndash; une r&eacute;v&eacute;lation de Dieu par l&rsquo;interm&eacute;diaire de son proph&egrave;te Mohammed (que la paix et les b&eacute;n&eacute;dictions de Dieu soient sur lui).&nbsp; Cette conclusion semble raisonnable non seulement parce qu&rsquo;elle ne peut objectivement &ecirc;tre &eacute;limin&eacute;e, mais parce qu&rsquo;il est simplement raisonnable de s&rsquo;attendre &agrave; ce qu&rsquo;un livre qui poss&egrave;de autant de qualit&eacute;s et dont le contenu est aussi sup&eacute;rieur ne puisse &eacute;maner que du Cr&eacute;ateur et du Guide de l&rsquo;humanit&eacute;. &nbsp;De toutes les sources possibles du Coran, c&rsquo;est aussi la seule source &ndash; Allah (Dieu) &ndash; qui d&eacute;clare sans ambages en &ecirc;tre l&rsquo;auteur dans le Coran lui-m&ecirc;me.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ainsi, la position qui soutient que Dieu est l&rsquo;auteur du Coran tient toujours, et le d&eacute;fi (ou le test de falsification, Coran 4:82) est toujours ouvert &agrave; quiconque r&eacute;fute que le Coran a bel et bien &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; par Dieu. &nbsp;Ayant entrepris nous-m&ecirc;mes cette t&acirc;che, le fait que les musulmans soutiennent que le Coran est la parole de Dieu ne semble pas du tout &ecirc;tre le produit d&rsquo;une foi aveugle mais plut&ocirc;t le produit d&rsquo;un excellent jugement, sain et raisonnable, &agrave; la lumi&egrave;re de toutes les preuves disponibles. &nbsp;En fait, apr&egrave;s avoir pass&eacute; en revue tous les arguments et &eacute;valu&eacute; les &eacute;l&eacute;ments de preuve, la foi aveugle serait de soutenir une autre th&egrave;se.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Note:<\/strong>&nbsp;La preuve que Dieu est l&rsquo;auteur du Coran est aussi la preuve de l&rsquo;existence du Divin. &nbsp;Dieu doit n&eacute;cessairement exister, &agrave; moins qu&rsquo;un autre auteur du Coran, raisonnablement et logiquement plus acceptable, puisse &ecirc;tre trouv&eacute;!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref11737\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Voir l&rsquo;ouvrage de Norman Daniel&nbsp;: Islam and the West: the Making of an Image, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 1989, p.83, 94, etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref11738\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1978<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref11739\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;Jeffrey Lang, Struggling to Surrender, Maryland: Amana Publications, 1994<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref11740\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;Malik Bennabi, The Quranic Phenomenon, trad. A.B. Kirkary, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1983<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref11741\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;Keith Moore, The Developing Human, 3e &eacute;dition, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1982<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref11742\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;I.A. Ibrahim, A Brief Illustrated Guide to Understanding Islam, Houston: Darussalam Publishers, 1997<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref11743\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;H.M. Njozi, The Sources of the Quran: A Critical Review of the Authorship Theories, Saudi Arabia: WAMY Publications, 1991<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref11744\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;Gary Miller, The Basis of Muslim Beliefs, Kuala Lampur: Prime Minister&rsquo;s Department - Islamic Affairs Division, 1995<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref11745\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;(http:\/\/users.erols.com\/ameen\/amazingq.htm)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref11746\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1978<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref11747\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;[76] ibid., p.163.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":19246,"lft":194,"rght":195,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-26T22:26:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:04:40.000000Z","language_id":9,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":15,"parent_id":136,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"About Qur'an & Hadith","category_slug":"About-Quran-and-Hadith","get_date":"2014-07-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr_The Authorship of the Quran.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr_The Authorship of the Quran.docx"},{"id":218,"title":"Der Verfasser des Quran","slug":"der-verfasser-des-quran","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/de_The Authorship of the Quran.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/de_The Authorship of the Quran.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:der-verfasser-des-quran","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\">Der Verfasser des Quran<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Die Worte eines Menschen?<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\">&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.vetogate.com\/upload\/photo\/news\/112\/3\/500x282o\/843.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Obwohl bewiesen worden ist, dass der Text des Quran bis heute noch immer derselbe geblieben ist: Wie k&ouml;nnen wir sicher sein, dass die Worte tats&auml;chlich von Gott stammen und nicht von irgendeiner anderen Quelle? &nbsp;Diese Frage l&auml;sst uns auf die Glaubw&uuml;rdigkeit, die Urheberschaft oder die Quelle des Quran blicken.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Was die Urheberschaft des Quran betrifft, glauben die Muslime, dass er verbatim (d.h. Wort f&uuml;r Wort) von Gott zu Muhammad, m&ouml;ge Gott ihn loben, offenbart worden ist. &nbsp;Nicht-Muslime, die diese Ansicht zumeist nicht teilen, k&ouml;nnen den Muslimen allerdings nicht in der Tatsache widersprechen, dass dem Quran zumindest bezeugt wird, dass er zuerst von Muhammad, einem Araber aus Mekka im 7. Jahrhundert nChr, ausgesprochen worden ist und wie bewiesen wurde, sind seitdem keinerlei Ver&auml;nderungen an den &Uuml;berlieferungen vorgenommen worden.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Muslime sprechen von einem &ldquo;internen Beweis&rdquo; f&uuml;r die g&ouml;ttliche Urheberschaft des Quran, d.h. anhand der Feststellungen hier&uuml;ber im Quran selbst (z.B. Quran 4:82; 6:19; 6:92; 27:6; 45:2, etc.), verst&auml;ndlicherweise wird dies skeptisch betrachtet, denn so ziemlich jeder k&ouml;nnte Passagen aus seiner oder ihrer Schrift zitieren, die behaupten, die fragliche Schrift sei von Gott offenbart worden.&nbsp; Wir sind daher der Vernunft und der Objektivit&auml;t wegen gezwungen, uns anderswo nach &ldquo;&auml;u&szlig;eren Beweisen&rdquo; f&uuml;r die g&ouml;ttliche Quelle oder Urheberschaft des Quran umzusehen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Die einfache, vorgeschlagene Vorgehensweise, um diesen &ldquo;&auml;u&szlig;eren Beweis&rdquo; zu pr&auml;sentieren, besteht aus einem Eliminationsprozess, bei dem wir die Antwort auf die Frage erhalten: -&rdquo;Wer ist der Autor des Quran?&rdquo;- indem wir alle Alternativen aufz&auml;hlen, auswerten und streichen, was nicht in Frage kommt.&nbsp; Mit anderen Worten, der definitive oder wahrscheinlichste Autor oder die Quelle des Quran wird identifiziert, indem alle unpassenden alternativen Kandidaten eliminiert werden.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Es gibt verschiedene, sich widersprechende Ansichten und Meinungen, die manche Nicht-Muslime &uuml;ber die Quelle des Quran vertreten. &nbsp;Die folgende Auflistung &ldquo;m&ouml;glicher&rdquo; Autoren spiegelt ihre Haupttheorien wieder:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Muhammad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Manche andere arabische Dichter, Gelehrte usw.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Manche nicht-arabische Gelehrte oder Dichter oder religi&ouml;se Pers&ouml;nlichkeiten.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; M&ouml;nche oder Rabbiner (d.h. von der Bibel oder Judeo-Christlichen Quellen).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Satan (oder andere hinterlistigen &ldquo;Geister&rdquo; oder &ldquo;Au&szlig;erirdische&rdquo; usw.).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gott.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Jetzt k&ouml;nnen wir damit fortfahren, anhand einer engeren Studie des Quran und der Geschichte zu untersuchen, wie plausibel diese Theorien sind.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Muhammad: Analphabet und Ungebildet<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Die Tatsache, dass Muhammad weder lesen noch schreiben konnte (Quran 29:48), ist wohlbekannt und selbst bei seinen nicht-muslimischen Zeitgenossen und den gegenw&auml;rtigen Historikern unbestritten.&nbsp; Er hatte keinerlei Schule besucht&nbsp; und keinen Lehrer gehabt.&nbsp; Er war nie daf&uuml;r bekannt gewesen, dass er Poesie oder Prosa dichtete.&nbsp; Die Gro&szlig;artigkeit des Quran mit seinen allumfassenden Gesetzen und dem Freisein von jeglichen Unregelm&auml;&szlig;igkeiten haben sogar nicht-muslimische Gelehrte anerkannt.<a title=\" Siehe: Fredrick Denny, Islam, NY: Harper &amp; Row, 1987, S.88; Dr. Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1983, S.163; and H.A.R. Gibb, Wither Islam, NY: A.M.S. Press, 1932, S.350; etc.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/17\/#_ftn12549\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Sein Inhalt besch&auml;ftigt sich mit sozialer, wirtschaftlicher, politischer und religi&ouml;ser Gesetzgebung, Geschichte, Ansichten &uuml;ber das Universum, &uuml;ber lebendige Dinge, Gedanken, zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen, Krieg, Frieden, Eheschlie&szlig;ung, Gottesdienst, Gesch&auml;fte und alles was zum Leben geh&ouml;rt &ndash; ohne irgendwelche Widerspr&uuml;che!&nbsp; Der Quran wurde nie herausgegeben oder revidiert, denn er hatte nie irgendeine Revision oder Berichtigung n&ouml;tig.&nbsp; Wie konnten derartig weit gef&auml;cherte Themen von einem Araber aus dem siebten Jahrhundert ohne jegliche Vorbildung oder wenigstens die F&auml;higkeit zu lesen, mit solcher Pr&auml;zision erl&auml;utert werden; welche d&uuml;rftigen Materialien mag es in seiner Umgebung &uuml;ber derartige Themen gegeben haben?&nbsp; Wann und wo in der Geschichte war schon ein Analphabet und Ungelehrter der Autor einer solchen Schrift?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Muhammad&rsquo;s bekannte Aufrichtigkeit<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Muhammad&rsquo;s Ernsthaftigkeit, Ehrlichkeit und Aufrichtigkeit waren so bekannt, dass die Leute ihn in der vor-islamischen Gesellschaft sogar&nbsp;<em>&ldquo;Al-Amien&rdquo;&nbsp;<\/em>(den Vertrauensw&uuml;rdigen) nannten. &nbsp;Keine einzige L&uuml;ge wurde von ihm berichtet, und viele moderne Orientalisten haben selbst zugegeben, dass der Prophet entgegen jeglichen bewussten Irref&uuml;hrungen, eine tiefgr&uuml;ndige aufrichtige &Uuml;berzeugung besa&szlig;, dass ihm der Quran unleugbar von Gott Selbst offenbart worden ist.<a title=\" Siehe beispielsweise: H.A.R. Gibb, Mohammedanism, London: Oxford University Press, 1962, S.25\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/17\/#_ftn12550\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Wenn seine Aufrichtigkeit in Frage gestellt werden sollte und wenn vermutet wird, seine Motivation, den Quran zu verfassen, sei das Verlangen nach pers&ouml;nlichem Ruhm gewesen, warum h&auml;tte er dann behaupten sollen, er sei nicht der Verfasser gewesen, sondern Gott sei es gewesen, insbesondere als die G&ouml;tzendiener von Mekka zugegeben hatten, dass niemand eine derartige Schrift verfassen kann (Quran 2:23-24, 17:88, etc.), sondern sich nur dar&uuml;ber wundern?&nbsp; Seine Feinde haben ihm sogar angeboten, in Mekka K&ouml;nig zu werden, sowie jeglichen Reichtum, nur damit er aufh&ouml;ren solle, den Quran zu rezitieren.&nbsp; Wenn es der Wahrheit entspr&auml;che, dass er nur Ruhm und F&uuml;hrerschaft begehrt h&auml;tte, warum hat er das Angebot dann abgelehnt, als es ihm gemacht wurde, und anstatt dessen ein Leben in Demut, Einfachheit, Verfolgung, Sanktionen und sogar mit feindlichen Angriffen durch jene, die sich von der Botschaft des Einen Gottes bedroht f&uuml;hlten, vorgezogen?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Wie vern&uuml;nftig ist es au&szlig;erdem, zu behaupten, Muhammad, der des Lesens und Schreibens nicht m&auml;chtig war, h&auml;tte den Quran zu seinem pers&ouml;nlichen Nutzen verfasst und sich dann darin selbst verbessert und zurechtgewiesen?&nbsp; Zum Beispiel:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Er runzelte die Stirn und wandte sich ab, als der blinde Mann zu ihm kam...&rdquo; (Quran 80:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Und ebenfalls:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;&hellip;und du f&uuml;rchtetest die Menschen, w&auml;hrend Gott es ist, Den du in Wirklichkeit f&uuml;rchten solltest.&rdquo; (Quran 33:37)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Es gibt auch noch andere Verse, auf die man hier verweisen k&ouml;nnte, wie in &nbsp;Kapitel 18, Vers 23-24, und andere.&nbsp; Warum sollte er sich in Verlegenheit bringen, wenn er solche Verse im Quran einfach h&auml;tte weglassen oder zu seinen Gunsten h&auml;tte ver&auml;ndern k&ouml;nnen?&nbsp; Sie w&auml;ren sicherlich nicht vorteilhaft f&uuml;r ihn gewesen, h&auml;tte er Macht und Ansehen zum Ziel gehabt.&nbsp; Die Existenz derartiger Verse beweist, dass Muhammad tats&auml;chlich ein ehrlicher und ernsthafter Diener Gottes war!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/17\/#_ftnref12549\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Siehe: Fredrick Denny, Islam, NY: Harper &amp; Row, 1987, S.88; Dr. Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1983, S.163; and H.A.R. Gibb, Wither Islam, NY: A.M.S. Press, 1932, S.350; etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/17\/#_ftnref12550\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Siehe beispielsweise: H.A.R. Gibb, Mohammedanism, London: Oxford University Press, 1962, S.25<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Die Worte eines Dichters oder eines Lehrers?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der Stil des Quran<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Es besteht ein himmelweiter Unterschied zwischen den Stil des Quran und Muhammads eigenem Stil, wie er in den B&uuml;chern der Ahadith berichtet wird. &nbsp;Die Unterschiede in jeglicher Hinsicht zwischen den beiden &ndash; bez&uuml;glich Stil und Inhalt &ndash; sind ganz offensichtlich.&nbsp; Die Aussagen Muhammads (Ahadith) sind unterhaltsam, rednerisch und erkl&auml;rend, von einer Art, welche die Araber bereits gewohnt waren.&nbsp; Im Gegensatz dazu ist der Stil des Quran befehlend:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Wir erschufen die Himmel und die Erde&hellip;&rdquo; (Quran 15:85, 44:38, 46:3, 50:38)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Und:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Sprich!...&rdquo;<a title=\" Dies ist an so vielen Stellen des Quran erw&auml;hnt, dass es zu viel w&auml;re, um es hier zu erw&auml;hnen. &nbsp;Siehe Quran Kapitel 112,113,114 zum Beispiel. &nbsp;(E).\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/16\/#_ftn12551\">[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Und:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;&hellip;W&auml;re er (der Quran) von einem anderen als Gott , so w&uuml;rden sie darin gewiss viel Widerspruch finden.&rdquo; (Quran 4:82)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Und:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;&hellip;Sprich: &ldquo;Bringt denn ein Kapitel gleicher Art hervor und ruft, wen ihr nur k&ouml;nnt, au&szlig;er Gott, wenn ihr wahrhaftig seid.&rdquo;&ldquo;(Quran 10:38)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Und:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;&hellip;so bringt doch ein Kapitel gleicher Art herbei &hellip; Und wenn ihr es aber nicht tut &ndash; und ihr werdet es bestimmt nicht tun, so &hellip;&rdquo; (Quran 2:23-24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Welches fehlbare, menschliche Wesen w&uuml;rde ein Buch schreiben und dann die Menschheit dazu auffordern, darin Widerspr&uuml;che zu suchen, wie es der Verfasser des Quran tat (Quran 4:82)? &nbsp;W&uuml;rde irgendein Student, nachdem er ein Examen geschrieben hat, f&uuml;r den Leser eine Fu&szlig;note hinzuf&uuml;gen, in der steht: &ldquo;Lesen Sie meine Antworten sorgf&auml;ltig durch und suchen sie jegliche Widerspr&uuml;che oder Fehler, wenn sie k&ouml;nnen?&nbsp; Der Stil des Quran ist einfach der des Allwissenden Sch&ouml;pfers.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Desweiteren stellt der Quran ein literarisches Meisterst&uuml;ck der arabischen Spache dar, das in seinem Ausdruck unerreicht war und ist. &nbsp;Sein rhythmischer Stil, die Reime, die beeindruckende Tiefgr&uuml;ndigkeit seines Ausdrucks, seine Majest&auml;t und die&nbsp;<em>&ldquo;unnachahmliche Symphonie, die besonderen Kl&auml;nge, die den Menschen zu Tr&auml;nen und Hingerissenheit r&uuml;hrt&rdquo;<\/em><a title=\" Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Quran, New York: The Muslim World League, 1977, S.vii.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/16\/#_ftn12552\">[2]<\/a>, sch&uuml;ttelten die Grundfesten einer Gesellschft, die selbst au&szlig;erordentlich stolz auf ihre rednerischen F&auml;higkeiten war.&nbsp; Jedes Jahr wurden in Mekka Wettbewerbe ausgetragen, wer die l&auml;ngsten und wortgewandtesten St&uuml;cke aus dem Kopf vortragen konnte.&nbsp; Als der Quran offenbart worden war, kamen die Wettbewerbe zum Erliegen, denn es gab keine Herausforderung mehr.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Wie das Wunder von Moses&acute; Stock, der sich in eine echte Schlange verwandelte und die F&auml;higkeit aller Zauberer zu einer Zeit &uuml;berbot, als die &Auml;gypter f&uuml;r ihre meisterhafte Zauberkunst und Hexerei ber&uuml;hmt waren; und wie&nbsp; das Wunder Jesu&acute;, der den Blinden heilte und den Toten zum Leben brachte, die F&auml;higkeiten aller &Auml;rzte zu einer Zeit &uuml;berbot, als die Juden f&uuml;r ihr medizinisches K&ouml;nnen ber&uuml;hmt waren, so war der Quran das eigene Wunder Muhammads.<a title=\" Sahieh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.504; Sahieh Muslim Vol.1, Hadith No.283.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/16\/#_ftn12553\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Wie konnten derartige gro&szlig;artige und unangefochtene Ausdr&uuml;cke von einem Mann kommen, der 40 Jahre niemals f&uuml;r eine solche F&auml;higkeit bekannt war?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&Auml;hnlichkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen Quran und Bibel<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Die blo&szlig;e Existenz von &Auml;hnlichkeiten zwischen zwei B&uuml;chern reicht nicht aus, um zu beweisen, dass einer von dem anderen kopiert hat.&nbsp; Beide k&ouml;nnen Informationen von einer dritten Seite erhalten haben, die f&uuml;r manche &Auml;hnlichkeiten in ihnen verantwortlich ist.&nbsp; Dies ist in der Tat das Argument des Quran, dass Gott die Quelle aller authentischen Offenbarungen ist (Quran 4:47).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Einige Gelehrte haben angemerkt, dass die einzigen Christen, von denen berichtet wird, dass sie den Propheten, m&ouml;ge Gott ihn loben, vor seiner Berufung pers&ouml;nlich getroffen haben, nicht genug Zeit mit ihm verbracht haben, um ihn von ihrer Schrift zu unterrichten, und keine andere historische Quelle erw&auml;hnte irgendjemanden, der den Propheten von den Juden und Christen unterrichtet haben k&ouml;nnte.<a title=\" Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, S.127-128.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/16\/#_ftn12554\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Au&szlig;erdem waren die Araber seiner Zeit sehr begierig darauf, ihn in schlechten Ruf zu bringen.&nbsp; Wenn es daher irgendeinen heimlichen Lehrer gegeben h&auml;tte, w&auml;re er h&ouml;chstwahrscheinlich von ihnen blo&szlig;gestellt worden.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Konnte der Quran &uuml;berdies von der Bibel kopiert worden sein, wo sie doch ernsthafte glaubensm&auml;&szlig;ige Unterschiede aufweisen? &nbsp;In Bezug auf die Doktrinen wie der Begriff von Gott und dem Prophetentum, S&uuml;nde und Vergebung, unterscheidet sich der Quran erheblich von der Bibel.&nbsp; Der Quran wendet sich direkt an die Juden und Christen, wenn er die Verf&auml;lschung in ihren eigenen Schriften anprangert. &nbsp;Interessanterweise wurden die Offenbarungen &uuml;ber die Probleme in der Doktrin des Christentums gr&ouml;&szlig;tenteils in der mekkanischen Zeit vor der Auswanderung des Propheten nach Medina offenbart, wo er viel mehr j&uuml;dischen und christlichen Gelehrten begegnete.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Sogar was die Erz&auml;hlungen angeht, die in beiden Schriften vorkommen, bestehen wesentliche Unterschiede. &nbsp;Zum Beispiel:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">- beschuldigt der Quran nicht die Frauen f&uuml;r den Fehler, den Adam und Eva (m&ouml;ge Gott ihn loben) begangen haben, als sie Gott im Garten von Eden ungehorsam gewesen waren. &nbsp;(Vergleich 1. Mose 3:12-17 mit Quran 91:7-8 und 2:35-37);<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;- betont der Quran, dass Adam und Eva vor Gott bereuten (Quran 7:23) und ihnen wurde von Gott vergeben (Quran 2:37);<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">- erw&auml;hnt der Quran, dass der anschlie&szlig;ende Aufenthalt Adams und Evas auf der Erde bereits Gottes Plan war, bevor Er sie erschaffen hatte (Quran 2:30) und nicht eine Art der Bestrafung (1. Mose 3:17-19). &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Andere deutliche Abweichungen gibt es au&szlig;erdem in den Geschichten von Salomon<a title=\" Der Quran weist entschieden zur&uuml;ck, dass dieser G&ouml;tzen angebetet haben soll. &ndash; Vergleiche Quran 2:102 mit 1.K&ouml;nige 11:4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/16\/#_ftn12555\">[5]<\/a>, Abraham<a title=\" Der Quran beschreibt, dass der Befehl Gottes, seinen Sohn zu opfern, in einem Traum erfolgt war, und den Sohn als willigen Beteiligten, bevor er durch Gottes Einschreiten gerettet wurde; w&auml;hrend die Bibel behauptet, Gott habe direkt mit ihm gesprochen un\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/16\/#_ftn12556\">[6]<\/a>, Ismael und Isaak, Lot, Noah<a title=\" Die Bibel beschreibt, dass die Gro&szlig;e Flut die gesamte Erde bedeckt habe, w&auml;hrend der Quran die Flut lediglich als eine &ouml;rtliche Erscheinung beschreibt, eine Beschreibung die eher zu den wissenschaftlichen Beweisen passt &ndash; vergleiche Quran 25:37 mit 1. Mo\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/16\/#_ftn12557\">[7]<\/a>, Moses und Jesus<a title=\" Ein kritischer Unterschied ist, dass der Quran darauf besteht, dass Jesus niemals wirklich gekreuzigt worden ist. \" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/16\/#_ftn12558\">[8]<\/a>(m&ouml;ge Gott sie alle loben).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der Quran erw&auml;hnt ebenfalls einen gro&szlig;en Teil geschichtlicher Informationen &uuml;ber welche die Bibel vollkommen schweigt. &nbsp;Aus welchem Teil der Bibel wurde das Folgende kopiert?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Die Geschichten der V&ouml;lker von &acute;Ad und Thamud und deren Propheten Hud und Salih.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der Dialog zwischen dem Propheten Noah und seinem Sohn vor der Flut (Quran 11:42:43).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der Dialog zwischen Abraham und seinem Vater (Quran 6:74), ebenso wie der zwischen ihm und einem K&ouml;nig (Quran 2:258) und zwischen ihm und seinem Volk (Quran 22:70-102; 29:16-18; 37:83-98; 21:57).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Die Erw&auml;hnung der Stadt von Iram (Quran 89:7).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der Pharao aus dem 2.&nbsp;Mose ertrank und sein K&ouml;rper wurde als Zeichen f&uuml;r die V&ouml;lker der kommenden Generationen bewahrt (Quran 10:90-92).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Die Wunder Jesu&acute;, dass er in der Wiege sprach (Quran 3:46), und dass er einen Vogel aus Ton gestaltete und diesem (durch den Willen Gottes) lebendig werden lie&szlig;, usw.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">F&uuml;r weitere Beispiele, siehe die folgenden Textstellen im Quran: 21:69, 2:260 und 3:37.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref12551\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Dies ist an so vielen Stellen des Quran erw&auml;hnt, dass es zu viel w&auml;re, um es hier zu erw&auml;hnen. &nbsp;Siehe Quran Kapitel 112,113,114 zum Beispiel. &nbsp;(E).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref12552\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Quran, New York: The Muslim World League, 1977, S.vii.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref12553\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith No.504;&nbsp;<em>Sahieh Muslim<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.1, Hadith No.283.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref12554\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, S.127-128.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref12555\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;Der Quran weist entschieden zur&uuml;ck, dass dieser G&ouml;tzen angebetet haben soll. &ndash; Vergleiche Quran 2:102 mit 1.K&ouml;nige 11:4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref12556\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;Der Quran beschreibt, dass der Befehl Gottes, seinen Sohn zu opfern, in einem Traum erfolgt war, und den Sohn als willigen Beteiligten, bevor er durch Gottes Einschreiten gerettet wurde; w&auml;hrend die Bibel behauptet, Gott habe direkt mit ihm gesprochen und sein Sohn war nicht in die Pl&auml;ne eingeweiht &ndash; vergleiche Quran 37:99-111 mit 1. Mose 22:1-19.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref12557\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;Die Bibel beschreibt, dass die Gro&szlig;e Flut die gesamte Erde bedeckt habe, w&auml;hrend der Quran die Flut lediglich als eine &ouml;rtliche Erscheinung beschreibt, eine Beschreibung die eher zu den wissenschaftlichen Beweisen passt &ndash; vergleiche Quran 25:37 mit 1. Mose 7:23.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref12558\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;Ein kritischer Unterschied ist, dass der Quran darauf besteht, dass Jesus niemals wirklich gekreuzigt worden ist.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Waren es die Worte Satans oder die Gottes?<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Die Lehren des Quran &uuml;ber Satan und Moral<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Manche behaupten, der Quran sei das Werk des Teufels gewesen.<a title=\" Siehe Norman Daniel&rsquo;s Islam and the West: the Making of an Image, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 1989, S.83, 94, etc.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftn12559\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Lasst uns untersuchen, wieviel Sinn (oder Unsinn) diese Behauptung macht.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Wenn er den Quran verfasst oder eingefl&uuml;stert h&auml;tte, warum sollte Satan dann sich selbst verfluchen und als den schlimmsten Feind des Menschen bezeichnen (Q.35:6; 36:60)? &nbsp;Warum sollte Satan befehlen, dass man bevor man den Quran rezitiert, zuerst sagen soll:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;&hellip;Ich suche Zuflucht bei Gott vor Satan, dem Verfluchten.&rdquo; (Quran 16:98)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Wie k&ouml;nnte Satan sich selbst so vehement verfluchen?&nbsp; Ist es wirklich anzunehmen, dass Satan die Menschen zum Guten aufruft, sittsam und rechtschaffen zu sein, niemanden au&szlig;er Gott anzubeten, nicht den Fu&szlig;spuren oder den Einfl&uuml;sterungen Satans zu folgen und das Schlechte zu meiden oder zu beseitigen?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Diese Vorstellung widerspricht deutlich jeglicher Vernunft, denn w&auml;re er der Verfasser, so w&uuml;rde er sich mit diesen Mitteln nur untergraben.&nbsp; Sogar die Bibel stellt fest:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Erhebt sich nun der Satan wider sich selbst und ist mit sich selbst uneins, so kann er nicht bestehen, sondern es ist aus mit ihm.&rdquo; (Markus 3:26)<a title=\" Cited in H.M. Njozi, The Sources of the Quran: A Critical Review of the Authorship Theories, Saudi Arabia: WAMY Publications, 1991,S.96\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftn12560\">[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dieses Argument bezieht sich auf jegliche &ldquo;satanischen Kr&auml;fte&rdquo;, seien es &ldquo;b&ouml;se Geister&rdquo;, &ldquo;hinterlistige Au&szlig;erirdische&rdquo;, oder &auml;hnliches.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Wissenschaftliche Informationen und Fakten im Quran<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Im Quran werden Tatsachen aus alten Zeiten beschrieben, die Muhammads Zeitgenossen nicht bekannt gewesen waren und auch nicht den Historikern der ersten H&auml;lfte des 20. Jahrhunderts.&nbsp;&nbsp;In zahlreichen Versen finden wir Bezugnahmen auf wissenschaftliche Wunder, manche davon wurden erst k&uuml;rzlich entdeckt oder bewiesen, bez&uuml;glich das Universum, Biologie, Embryologie, Astronomie, Physik, Geographie, Meteorologie, Medizin, Geschichte, Ozeanographie, etc.&nbsp; Unten sind einige Beispiele f&uuml;r wissenschaftliche Entdeckungen aufgef&uuml;hrt, die im Quran erw&auml;hnt wurden:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&middot;<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Die verlorene Stadt von Iram.&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>(Quran 89:7)<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Arbeiterbienen sind weiblich. &nbsp;(Quran 16:68)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Berge als &ldquo;Pfl&ouml;cke&rdquo; und Stabilisierung. (Quran 78:6-7)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Die sp&auml;rische Gestalt der Erde. (Quran 7:54; 36:37; 31:29)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&middot;<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Die Ausdehnung des Universums. (Quran 51:47)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Der &ldquo;Urknall&rdquo;. (Quran 21:30)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&middot;<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>An einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt war das gesamte Universum nichts als eine Rauchwolke. (Quran 41:11)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Die Quranische Beschreibung der menschlichen Embryonalentwicklung.&nbsp; (Quran 23:12-14)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Lesern, die an weiteren Beispielen interessiert sind, werden folgende B&uuml;cher empfohlen.&nbsp; &ldquo;Bibel, Quran und Wissenschaft&rdquo; von Maurice Bucaille.<a title=\" Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1978\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftn12561\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp; &ldquo;Struggling to Surrender&rdquo; S.33-38, von Jeffery Lang<a title=\" Jeffrey Lang, Struggling to Surrender, Maryland: Amana Publications, 1994\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftn12562\">[4]<\/a>, &ldquo;The Quranic Phenomenon&rdquo; von Malik Bennabi<a title=\" Malik Bennabi, The Quranic Phenomenon, transl. A.B. Kirkary, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1983\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftn12563\">[5]<\/a>, &ldquo;The Developing Human&rdquo;, 3<sup>rd<\/sup>&nbsp;edition, von Keith L. Moore<a title=\" Keith Moore, The Developing Human, 3rd edition, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1982\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftn12564\">[6]<\/a>, &ldquo;Ein kurzer illustrierter Wegweiser, um den Islam zu verstehen&rdquo;, by I. A. Ibrahim<a title=\" I.A. Ibrahim, Ein kurzer illustrierter Wegweiser, um den Islam zu verstehen, Houston: Darussalam Publishers, 1997\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftn12565\">[7]<\/a>, &ldquo;The Sources of the Quran&rdquo; von Hamza Mustapha Njozi<a title=\" H.M. Njozi, The Sources of the Quran: A Critical Review of the Authorship Theories, Saudi Arabia: WAMY Publications, 1991\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftn12566\">[8]<\/a>, &ldquo;The Basis of Muslim Beliefs&rdquo;<a title=\" Gary Miller, The Basis of Muslim Beliefs, Kuala Lampur: Prime Minister&rsquo;s Department - Islamic Affairs Division, 1995\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftn12567\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;und &ldquo;The Amazing Quran&rdquo; von Gary Miller<a title=\" (http:\/\/users.erols.com\/ameen\/amazingq.htm)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftn12568\">[10]<\/a>, etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Wie viele gut ausgebildete, moderne Wissenschaftler und Genies waren n&ouml;tig, um die im Quran erw&auml;hnten wissenschaftlichen Fakten mit Hilfe von HighTech - Ausr&uuml;stung, Satelliten, Teleskopen, Mikroskopen und Computern zu entdecken &ndash; und &uuml;ber welchen Zeitraum? &nbsp;Ist es auch nur im entferntesten vorstellbar, dass irgendein menschliches Wesen vor 1.400 Jahren eine Schrift verfasst haben soll, die genau diese Informationen enth&auml;lt &ndash; geschweige denn eine Person, die v&ouml;llig ungebildet war?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Trotz der Unf&auml;higkeit des Menschen, all die Geheimnisse und komplexen Zusammenh&auml;nge der Sch&ouml;pfung zu erfassen, die im Quran erw&auml;hnt werden (67:3-4), scheint die Offenbarung auf zahlreiche nat&uuml;rliche Ph&auml;nomene hinzudeuten, als wolle sie die Menschen auffordern, &uuml;ber das Gesagte nachzuforschen und es zu best&auml;tigen &ndash; und das wiederum mit einer selbstverst&auml;ndlichen &Uuml;berzeugung, dass man nur daraus schlie&szlig;en kann, dass der Autor damit tats&auml;chlich unsere Unwissenheit herausfordern will.&nbsp; Aus Gro&szlig;z&uuml;gigkeit den Skeptikern gegen&uuml;ber k&ouml;nnte man sagen, es war nicht mehr als das Ergebnis guter Vermutungen oder Zufall, dass ein oder zwei der wissenschaftlichen Enth&uuml;llungen zutrafen, aber wie wahrscheinlich konnte es sein, dass alle zutrafen?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Wenn wir die Feststellungen des Quran &uuml;ber das physikalische Universum mit bestimmten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen vergleichen, l&auml;sst uns das grunds&auml;tzliche &Auml;hnlichkeiten entdecken. &nbsp;Was aber noch bemerkenswerter ist, ist das, was Dr. Maurice Bucaille beobachtet hat: der Quran unterscheidet sich von allen anderen alten Werken, die Zusammenh&auml;nge der Natur beschreiben oder versuchen, solche zu beschreiben, darin, dass er irrt&uuml;mliche Konzepte verhindert.&nbsp; Denn von den vielen Themen, auf die sich der Quran bezieht und die von den modernen Wissenschaften &ldquo;&uuml;berpr&uuml;ft&rdquo; wurden, widerspricht kein einziges der gegenw&auml;rtigen Wissenschaft.<a title=\" Maurice Bucaille, Die Bibel, der Quran und die Wissenschaft, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1978\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftn12569\">[11]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dr. Bucaille geht so weit, dass er seine Studien mit folgender Bemerkung abschlie&szlig;t:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;Im Angesicht des Wissensstandes zu Muhammads Zeiten, ist es nicht vorstellbar, dass die zahlreichen Feststellungen im Quran, die mit wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen verbunden sind, das Werk eines Menschen sein sollen.&nbsp; Es ist desweiteren absolut legitim, den Quran sowohl als einen Ausdruck von Offenbarung zu betrachten, als auch ihn mit einer besonderen Stellung auszuzeichnen, aufgrund der Authentit&auml;tsgarantie, die er bereith&auml;lt und das Vorhandensein von wissenschaftlichen Erkl&auml;rungen, die, wenn sie heute nachgepr&uuml;ft werden, wie eine Herauforderung erscheinen, sie mit menschlichen Begriffen zu erl&auml;utern.&rdquo;<a title=\" [76] ibid., S.163.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftn12570\">[12]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Schlussfolgerungen<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Bei der Untersuchung der m&ouml;glichen Quelle des Quran sind wir zu folgenden Erkenntnissen gekommen:.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Muhammad war des Lesens und Schreibens unkundig.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Muhammads Aufrichtigkeit.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der Stil des Quran.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Unterschiede zwischen Quran und Bibel.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Die Lehren des Quran &uuml;ber Satan und &uuml;ber Moral.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der Inhalt des Quran und die wissenschaftlichen Informationen.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Diese Punkte sollen uns bei unserem &ldquo;Eliminationsprozess helfen, nicht in Frage kommende Quellen oder Autoren zu streichen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Muhammad :<\/strong>&nbsp;Wir k&ouml;nnen damit anfangen, Muhammad von der Liste der m&ouml;glichen Autoren des Quran zu streichen. &nbsp;Es ist einfach unm&ouml;glich, dass er den Quran verfasst haben soll; siehe Punkte 1, 2, 3, 5 und 6, die oben erl&auml;utert wurden.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Andere arabische Dichter oder Gelehrte:&nbsp;<\/strong>Wir k&ouml;nnen ebenfalls alle anderen Araber von der Liste streichen; siehe Punkte 2, 3 und 6.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Manche Nicht-Araber:&nbsp;<\/strong>Die Gr&uuml;nde f&uuml;r das Streichen jeglicher Araber von der Liste, treffen genauso auf jeden nicht-arabischen Gelehrten, Dichter oder religi&ouml;se Pers&ouml;nlichkeit zu.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Christliche M&ouml;nche oder j&uuml;dische Rabbiner (d.h. judeo-christliche Quellen):&nbsp;<\/strong>Diese alternative Quelle des Quran ist unvern&uuml;nftig angesichts der Punkte 1, 2, 3, 4 und 6.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Satan (oder andere verborgenen Geister oder Au&szlig;erirdische oder jeder andere von seiner Seite):&nbsp;<\/strong>Diese Ansicht ist ebenfalls unvorstellbar aufgrund der Punkte, die insbesondere unter 5. diskutiert wurden.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Allah<\/strong>&nbsp;(d.h. Gott): In der Abwesenheit jeglicher alternativer Quellen und Autoren f&uuml;r den Quran ist man mehr oder weniger durch die Vernunft gezwungen, den Quran als das zu akzeptierten, was er zu sein behauptet: die Offenbarung Gottes durch Seinen Propheten Muhammad, m&ouml;ge Gott ihn loben. &nbsp;Diese Einstellung erscheint nicht nur vern&uuml;nftig, weil es die einzige M&ouml;glichkeit ist, die nicht objektiv eliminiert werden kann, sondern es ist vern&uuml;nftig zu vermuten, dass ein Buch mit derartigen Qualit&auml;ten und Inhalten einzig und allein vom Sch&ouml;pfer und Leiter der Menschen stammen kann.&nbsp; Von allen denkbaren Quellen des Quran ist es also nur die letzte Alternative &ndash; Gott &ndash; der sich auch im Quran selbst als Autor der Schrift bezeichnet.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Die Meinung, die daran festh&auml;lt, dass Gott der Verfasser des Quran ist, hat also Bestand, und die Herausforderung (oder der Verf&auml;lschungstest, Q.4:82) steht jedem offen, um die Behauptung des Quran, er sei die Offenbarung Gottes, zu widerlegen. &nbsp;Wenn wir diese Pr&uuml;fung selbst vorgenommen haben, dann erscheint uns die Feststellung des Muslim, dass der Quran Gottes Wort ist, nicht mehr nur als das Produkt blinden Glaubens, sondern als das Produkt eines sehr vern&uuml;nftigen und wohl&uuml;berlegten Urteils, angesichts all der Beweise.&nbsp; Und tats&auml;chlich: nachdem wir die Beweise ausgewertet haben, w&auml;re es wohl eher blinder Glauben, etwas anderes zu behaupten!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Merke:&nbsp;<\/strong>Der Beweis f&uuml;r die G&ouml;ttliche Urheberschaft des Quran ist ebenfalls ein Beweis f&uuml;r die Existenz des G&ouml;ttlichen selbst. &nbsp;Gott muss existieren, solange kein anderer von der Vernunft annehmbarer Autor f&uuml;r den Quran beschafft werden kann!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref12559\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Siehe Norman Daniel&rsquo;s Islam and the West: the Making of an Image, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 1989, S.83, 94, etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref12560\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Cited in H.M. Njozi, The Sources of the Quran: A Critical Review of the Authorship Theories, Saudi Arabia: WAMY Publications, 1991,S.96<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref12561\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1978<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref12562\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;Jeffrey Lang, Struggling to Surrender, Maryland: Amana Publications, 1994<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref12563\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;Malik Bennabi, The Quranic Phenomenon, transl. A.B. Kirkary, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1983<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref12564\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;Keith Moore, The Developing Human, 3rd edition, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1982<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref12565\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;I.A. Ibrahim, Ein kurzer illustrierter Wegweiser, um den Islam zu verstehen, Houston: Darussalam Publishers, 1997<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref12566\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;H.M. Njozi, The Sources of the Quran: A Critical Review of the Authorship Theories, Saudi Arabia: WAMY Publications, 1991<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref12567\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;Gary Miller, The Basis of Muslim Beliefs, Kuala Lampur: Prime Minister&rsquo;s Department - Islamic Affairs Division, 1995<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref12568\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;(http:\/\/users.erols.com\/ameen\/amazingq.htm)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref12569\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;Maurice Bucaille, Die Bibel, der Quran und die Wissenschaft, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1978<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref12570\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp;[76] ibid., S.163.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":19541,"lft":196,"rght":197,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-26T22:26:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T21:48:11.000000Z","language_id":7,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":15,"parent_id":136,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"About Qur'an & Hadith","category_slug":"About-Quran-and-Hadith","get_date":"2014-07-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de_The Authorship of the Quran.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de_The Authorship of the Quran.docx"},{"id":219,"title":"\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0431 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430","slug":"---ee","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru_The Authorship of the Quran.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru_The Authorship of the Quran.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:---ee","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\">\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0431 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430?&nbsp;<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.vetogate.com\/upload\/photo\/news\/112\/3\/500x282o\/843.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0417\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u0422\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c? \u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435, \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0443 (\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430) \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043b \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0410 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043d, \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0447\u0435\u043c. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0451\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a&nbsp; \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d. \u0411\u044b\u043b\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0434\u044c\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435, \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d \u043e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435. \u041d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430? \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 &shy;&shy;&ndash; \u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 4:82<a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/17\/#_edn1\">[i]<\/a>; 6:19<a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/17\/#_edn2\">[ii]<\/a>; 6:92<a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/17\/#_edn3\">[iii]<\/a>; 27:6<a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/17\/#_edn4\">[iv]<\/a>; 45:2<a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/17\/#_edn5\">[v]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0438 \u0442.\u0434.).&nbsp; \u041d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 &ndash; \u043c\u043e\u043b, \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430? \u041d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 &laquo;\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432&raquo; \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043d (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043d) \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041d\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433 &laquo;\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c&raquo; \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445. \u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u041d\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0442. \u0434.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u041d\u0435\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 (\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0414\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442.\u0434.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f: \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0430\u043c \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 (\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442), \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041d\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430 (\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435), \u043d\u0438 \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043b \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u041e\u043d \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0436\u0435 &ndash; \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440! \u0415\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a,&nbsp; \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438: \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438&nbsp; \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e; \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e, \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043a, \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441&hellip; \u041d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u044a\u044f\u043d\u0430. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u043c. \u0427\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0434\u044c\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439! \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0434\u043e?!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0427\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0415\u0449\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c&nbsp; \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 &laquo;\u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0410\u043c\u0438\u043d&raquo;, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 &laquo;\u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f&raquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0431\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430? \u0422\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043a\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443 (\u0441\u043c., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u0443\u0440\u044b 2:23-24<a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/17\/#_edn6\">[vi]<\/a>, 17:88<a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/17\/#_edn7\">[vii]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0438 \u0442.\u0434.). \u0412\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u041c\u0435\u043a\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d. \u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0412 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438? \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;\u041e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0441\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0439&hellip;&raquo; (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 80:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0410 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&hellip;\u0438 \u0442\u044b \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0442\u044b \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e&hellip;&raquo; (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 33:37)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u044f\u0442\u044b \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c, \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0443 18, \u0430\u044f\u0442 23-24<a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/17\/#_edn8\">[viii]<\/a>, \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u041a \u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435, \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443? \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c &ndash; \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436, \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435? \u041d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/17\/#_ednref1\"><strong><em>[i]<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>&nbsp;<\/em>\u0421\u0443\u0440\u0430 4, \u0430\u044f\u0442 82: &laquo;\u041d\u0435\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c? \u0412\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0439&raquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/17\/#_ednref2\"><strong><em>[ii]<\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;\u0421\u0443\u0440\u0430 6 \u0430\u044f\u0442 19: &laquo;\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438: &laquo;\u0427\u044c\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c?&raquo; \u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438: &laquo;\u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 &ndash; \u0421\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0430\u043d \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442. \u041d\u0435\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0438?&raquo; \u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438: &laquo;\u042f \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c&raquo;. \u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438: &laquo;\u041e\u043d \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c, \u0438 \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0438&raquo;&raquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/17\/#_ednref3\"><strong><em>[iii]<\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;6:92 &laquo;\u042d\u0442\u043e \u041f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u041c\u044b \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0434\u0430\u0431\u044b \u0442\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b \u041c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 (\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u041c\u0435\u043a\u043a\u0438), \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043d\u0435\u0435. \u0422\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044e\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d) \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c&raquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/17\/#_ednref4\"><strong><em>[<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>iv<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>]<\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;27:6 &laquo;\u0412\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u041c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0417\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e&raquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/17\/#_ednref5\"><strong><em>[<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>v<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>]<\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;45:2 &laquo;\u041f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u041c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u041c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e&raquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/17\/#_ednref6\"><strong><em>[<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>vi<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>]<\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;2:23-24 &laquo;\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041c\u044b \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0443, \u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0443. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 &ndash; \u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435, &ndash; \u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u041e\u0433\u043d\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0438. \u041e\u043d \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c&raquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/17\/#_ednref7\"><strong><em>[<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>vii<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>]<\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;17:88 &laquo;\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438: &laquo;\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0442\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u0438\u043c, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443&raquo;&raquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/17\/#_ednref8\"><strong><em>[viii]<\/em><\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;18:23-24 &laquo;\u0418 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438: &laquo;\u042f \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430&raquo;. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445! \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u043b, \u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438: &laquo;\u0411\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442, \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c&raquo;&raquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430 (\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430), \u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043a \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0443, \u0438 \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 &ndash; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 &ndash; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0430\u044f\u0442\u044b, \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u041c\u044b<\/span><\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e&hellip;&raquo; (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 15:85, 44:38, 46:3, 50:38)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0422\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435: &laquo;\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438!...&raquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u0422\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435:<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&laquo;&hellip;\u0412\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d (<em>\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d<\/em>) \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0439 &raquo;&nbsp;(\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong> 4:82)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u0422\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435:<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&laquo;\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041c\u044b \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0443, \u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0443. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 &ndash; \u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435, &ndash; \u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u041e\u0433\u043d\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0438. \u041e\u043d \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c&raquo;&nbsp;(\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 2:23-24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0425\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c. \u041b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0432 &laquo;\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u044f, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435!&raquo;? \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443, \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e: &laquo;\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443&raquo;. \u041d\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u043f\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c? \u0410 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443! \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0422\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0448\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0438&hellip;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043a\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430 &ndash; \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441&nbsp; \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0437\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0447\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043c \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430 (\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e. \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0441\u044b (\u041c\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0435\u044f) \u0435\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435. \u041d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043b \u041c\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0434\u043e &ndash; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u043c\u0435\u044e, &ndash; \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0443\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0418\u0441\u043e\u0439 (\u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c) &ndash; \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e, - \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0438. \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0431\u044b \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 (\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430), \u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d. \u041d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0421\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0439.<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439. \u041e\u0431\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443 \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c &ndash; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a&nbsp; \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 4:47).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0414\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 (\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430) \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0435, \u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0443 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0421\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438&nbsp; \u043d\u0438\u0445 &ndash;&nbsp; \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438&hellip; \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u043a\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 (\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430) \u0432 \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0438:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0415\u0432\u043e\u0439 &ndash; \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0443 (\u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 &laquo;\u0411\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435&raquo; 3:12-17 \u0438 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 2:35-37)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c, \u0438 \u0415\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 2:37).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0415\u0432\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e\u0411\u043e\u0436\u044c\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430 (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 2:30), \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c (&laquo;\u0411\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435&raquo;, 3:17-19).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 (\u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430)<a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/16\/#_edn1\">[i]<\/a>, \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0430 (\u0410\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0430\u043c\u0430)<a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/16\/#_edn2\">[ii]<\/a>, \u0418\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0418\u0441\u0430\u0430\u043a\u0430, \u041b\u043e\u0442\u0430, \u041d\u0443\u0445\u0430 (\u041d\u043e\u044f)<a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/16\/#_edn3\">[iii]<\/a>,&nbsp;\u041c\u0443\u0441\u044b (\u041c\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0435\u044f) &nbsp;\u0438 \u0418\u0441\u044b (\u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0430)&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/16\/#_edn4\">[iv]<\/a>&nbsp;&ndash; \u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 (?):<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 `\u0410\u0434 \u0438 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0443\u0434, \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 &ndash; \u0425\u0443\u0434 \u0438 \u0421\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445 (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 69:4-7).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u041d\u0443\u0445\u0430 (\u041d\u043e\u044f) \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0441\u044b\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430 (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 11:42-43).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0430 (\u0410\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0430\u043c\u0430) \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0446\u043e\u043c (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 6:74), \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 2:258), \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 29:16-18; 37:83-98; 21:51-73).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0418\u0440\u0430\u043c (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 89:7)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 10:90-92).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0418\u0441\u044b (\u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0430) &ndash; \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446 (\u0418\u0441\u0430), \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 19:30-33).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0423\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0418\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0443 (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 3:49).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b: \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 21:69; 2:260; 3:37&hellip;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/16\/#_ednref1\">[i]<\/a>&nbsp;\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c.(\u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 2:102 \u0438&nbsp;&laquo;1 \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432&raquo; 11:4<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/16\/#_ednref2\">[ii]<\/a>&nbsp;\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0418\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 - \u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0430<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/16\/#_ednref3\">[iii]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043e \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 &ndash; \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 25:37 \u0438 &laquo;\u0411\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435&raquo; 7:23.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/16\/#_ednref4\">[iv]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0418\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u044f\u0442.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430?<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0434\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430. \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e) \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0443. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 25:6; 36:60)? \u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0434\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo; &hellip;\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u044e \u043a \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b&raquo; (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 16:98)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u0442\u0430\u043a \u044f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c? \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0443, \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u0438\u044e, \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442 &nbsp;\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443, &nbsp;\u0432\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0437\u043b\u0430?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0443. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435? \u0414\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;&hellip;\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u0435\u0433\u043e&rdquo; (\u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a 3:26)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u043a \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 &laquo;\u0437\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0445&raquo;, &laquo;\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0445&raquo; \u0438 \u0442.\u0434.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b 20-\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e &nbsp;\u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0435\u0449\u0435 14 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439, \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0418\u0440\u0430\u043c (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 89:7)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0447\u0435\u043b (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 16:68)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u0413\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043a &laquo;\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u044f&raquo; \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044b (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 78:6-7)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u0421\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438 (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 7:54, 36:37, 31:29)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 51:47)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430 (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 21:30)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043c\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 23:12-14)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0416\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435: &laquo;\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u044f, \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430&raquo; \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0411\u044e\u043a\u0430\u0439, &laquo;\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430&raquo; \u041a\u0435\u0439\u0442 \u041c\u0443\u0440, &laquo;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430&raquo; \u0425\u0430\u043c\u0437\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0444\u0430 \u041d\u0438\u044f\u0437\u0438,&nbsp; &laquo;\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430&raquo; \u0418.\u0410. \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0421\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f &ndash; \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432, \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, - \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435? \u041d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u041f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e 1400 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434. \u041d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 67:3-4); \u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442. \u0412\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442: \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c?&nbsp; \u041f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438&hellip; \u041d\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0435!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0411\u044e\u043a\u0430\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435: \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438&nbsp; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b,&nbsp; \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442, \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0412 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435&nbsp; \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430, \u0438\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0411\u044e\u043a\u0430\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo; \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0443 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430,&nbsp; \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435&nbsp; \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e&nbsp; \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439&nbsp; \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438&raquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&uuml;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0411\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430 (\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&uuml;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0427\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430&nbsp; (\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&uuml;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&uuml;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0421\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&uuml;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0434\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&uuml;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0423\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430 (\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430):&nbsp; \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c 1, 2, 3, 5.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0410\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445: \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c 2, 3, 6.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041d\u0435\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 (\u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c 1, 2, 3, 4, 6.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0414\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0443 5.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c: \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439&nbsp; \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 &shy;&ndash; \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0418 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e. \u0412\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430&nbsp; \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0422\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d &ndash; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d &ndash; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433&nbsp;\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438.&nbsp;\u041c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d&nbsp; &ndash; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u0418, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u043c\u044b, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0439, \u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0442, \u043a\u0442\u043e, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u0441\u0435 &laquo;\u0437\u0430&raquo; \u0438 &laquo;\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432&raquo;, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":21874,"lft":198,"rght":199,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-26T22:26:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:33:59.000000Z","language_id":5,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":15,"parent_id":136,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"About Qur'an & Hadith","category_slug":"About-Quran-and-Hadith","get_date":"2014-07-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru_The Authorship of the Quran.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru_The Authorship of the Quran.docx"},{"id":220,"title":"A Autoria do Alcor\u00e3o","slug":"a-autoria-do-alcoro","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/pr_The Authorship of the Quran.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/pr_The Authorship of the Quran.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:a-autoria-do-alcoro","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\">A Autoria do Alcor&atilde;o&nbsp;<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">As Palavras de um Humano?<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\">&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.vetogate.com\/upload\/photo\/news\/112\/3\/500x282o\/843.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Embora esteja provado que o texto do Alcor&atilde;o permaneceu intacto at&eacute; hoje, como podemos estar certos de que as palavras realmente se originaram de Deus e n&atilde;o de alguma outra fonte?&nbsp; Isso nos leva a olhar para a autenticidade, autoridade ou fonte do Alcor&atilde;o.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Com rela&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave; autoria do Alcor&atilde;o, os mu&ccedil;ulmanos acreditam que ele foi revelado verbatim (ou seja, palavra por palavra) por Deus, a Muhammad, que Deus o exalte.&nbsp; Os n&atilde;o-mu&ccedil;ulmanos, entretanto, que n&atilde;o concordam com essa opini&atilde;o, n&atilde;o discordam dos mu&ccedil;ulmanos com rela&ccedil;&atilde;o ao fato de que, pelo menos, o primeiro a recitar o Alcor&atilde;o ter sido Muhammad, um &aacute;rabe de Meca no s&eacute;culo 7 E.C e de, como provado acima, n&atilde;o ter havido mudan&ccedil;as nos registros de suas recita&ccedil;&otilde;es desde ent&atilde;o.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A reivindica&ccedil;&atilde;o dos mu&ccedil;ulmanos de &ldquo;evid&ecirc;ncia interna&rdquo; para a autoria divina do Alcor&atilde;o, ou seja, as declara&ccedil;&otilde;es em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o a isso no pr&oacute;prio Alcor&atilde;o (vers&iacute;culos 4:82; 6:19; 6:92; 27:6; 45:2, etc.), &eacute; compreensivelmente vista com ceticismo, j&aacute; que praticamente qualquer um pode citar passagens de sua escritura para reivindicar que a escritura em quest&atilde;o &eacute; revela&ccedil;&atilde;o de Deus. N&oacute;s somos for&ccedil;ados pela raz&atilde;o e objetividade a procurar em outro lugar por &ldquo;evid&ecirc;ncia externa&rdquo; da fonte ou autoridade divina do Alcor&atilde;o.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A estrutura proposta para a apresenta&ccedil;&atilde;o dessa &ldquo;evid&ecirc;ncia externa&rdquo; &eacute; um processo de elimina&ccedil;&atilde;o, atrav&eacute;s do qual n&oacute;s obteremos a resposta da quest&atilde;o &ndash; &ldquo;Quem &eacute; o autor do Alcor&atilde;o?&rdquo; - ao eliminar todas as respostas alternativas a essa quest&atilde;o que s&atilde;o definitivamente implaus&iacute;veis.&nbsp; Em outras palavras, o autor ou fonte definitivo ou (pelo menos) mais prov&aacute;vel do Alcor&atilde;o &eacute; identificado pela elimina&ccedil;&atilde;o de candidatos alternativos inaceit&aacute;veis.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Existem v&aacute;rias opini&otilde;es contradit&oacute;rias mantidas por alguns n&atilde;o-mu&ccedil;ulmanos como a fonte do Alcor&atilde;o.&nbsp; A lista a seguir de &ldquo;poss&iacute;veis&rdquo; autores reflete as teorias principais:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Muhammad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Algum outro poeta(s), erudito(s), etc., &aacute;rabe.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Algum erudito(s), ou poeta(s) ou personalidade(s) religiosa(s) n&atilde;o-&aacute;rabe.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Monges ou rabinos (ou seja, fontes b&iacute;blicas ou judaico-crist&atilde;s).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Satan&aacute;s (ou outro &ldquo;esp&iacute;rito&rdquo; ou &ldquo;alien&iacute;gena&rdquo; enganador, etc.).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deus.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">N&oacute;s podemos come&ccedil;ar a examinar a partir de um estudo detalhado do Alcor&atilde;o e da hist&oacute;ria o qu&atilde;o plaus&iacute;veis s&atilde;o essas teorias.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Muhammad: Iletrado e N&atilde;o Instru&iacute;do<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O fato de que Muhammad n&atilde;o podia nem ler nem escrever (Alcor&atilde;o 29:48) &eacute; bem conhecido e n&atilde;o &eacute; contestado nem mesmo por historiadores contempor&acirc;neos e atuais n&atilde;o-mu&ccedil;ulmanos.&nbsp; Ele n&atilde;o recebeu qualquer tipo de ensino.&nbsp; Ele nunca foi conhecido por compor poesia ou prosa.&nbsp; O Alcor&atilde;o, com suas leis abrangentes e livre de todas as inconsist&ecirc;ncias, tem sua grandeza reconhecida at&eacute; por eruditos n&atilde;o-mu&ccedil;ulmanos.<a title=\" &nbsp;Ver Fredrick Denny, Islam, NY: Harper &amp; Row, 1987, p.88; Dr. Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1983, p.163; e H.A.R. Gibb, Wither Islam, NY: A.M.S. Press, 1932, p.350; etc.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/17\/#_ftn13734\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp; O seu conte&uacute;do trata de legisla&ccedil;&atilde;o religiosa, pol&iacute;tica, econ&ocirc;mica e social, hist&oacute;ria, opini&otilde;es sobre o universo, coisas vivas, pensamento, transa&ccedil;&otilde;es humanas, guerra, paz, casamento, adora&ccedil;&atilde;o, neg&oacute;cios e tudo relacionado &agrave; vida &ndash; sem princ&iacute;pios contradit&oacute;rios.&nbsp; O Alcor&atilde;o nunca foi editado ou revisado j&aacute; que nunca precisou de revis&atilde;o ou corre&ccedil;&atilde;o.&nbsp; Como assuntos t&atilde;o vastos foram expostos com tal precis&atilde;o por um &aacute;rabe do s&eacute;culo 7 sem educa&ccedil;&atilde;o formal ou mesmo a habilidade de ler o escasso material que podia haver sobre esses assuntos em seu ambiente?&nbsp; Onde e quando a hist&oacute;ria produziu um autor iletrado de uma escritura como essa?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A Integridade Conhecida de Muhammad<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A sinceridade, autenticidade e integridade de Muhammad eram t&atilde;o bem conhecidas que ele at&eacute; tinha o apelido de&nbsp;<em>&ldquo;Al-Amin&rdquo;<\/em>&nbsp;(O Confi&aacute;vel) em sua comunidade pr&eacute;-isl&acirc;mica.&nbsp; Nem uma &uacute;nica mentira dita por ele foi registrada, e muitos orientalistas ocidentais modernos j&aacute; admitiram que ao contr&aacute;rio de qualquer fraude deliberada, &eacute; ineg&aacute;vel que o Profeta tinha uma convic&ccedil;&atilde;o profundamente sincera de que o que foi revelado a ele veio do pr&oacute;prio Deus.&nbsp;<a title=\" Ver, por exemplo, H.A.R. Gibb, Mohammedanism, Londres: Oxford University Press, 1962, p.25\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/17\/#_ftn13735\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Se sua integridade estivesse em quest&atilde;o, e se ele supostamente tivesse sido motivado pelo desejo de gl&oacute;ria pessoal ao produzir o Alcor&atilde;o, por que ent&atilde;o ele negaria a autoria e ao contr&aacute;rio alegasse que veio de Deus, especialmente quando os pag&atilde;os de Meca tinham reconhecido que ningu&eacute;m poderia produzir essa escritura (Alcor&atilde;o 2:23-24, 17:88, etc.), mas somente se maravilhar com ela?&nbsp; Seus inimigos at&eacute; ofereceram a ele o reinado sobre Meca e quaisquer riquezas que ele desejasse se ele parasse de recitar.&nbsp; Se fosse verdade que ele desejava sua gl&oacute;ria pessoal e lideran&ccedil;a, por que ele declinaria a oferta quando ela lhe foi apresentada e preferiria viver uma vida de humildade, simplicidade, persegui&ccedil;&atilde;o, san&ccedil;&otilde;es e at&eacute; ataques hostis por aqueles que se sentiram amea&ccedil;ados pela Mensagem do Deus &Uacute;nico?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Al&eacute;m disso, o qu&atilde;o razo&aacute;vel &eacute; acreditar que o iletrado Muhammad fosse o autor do Alcor&atilde;o para benef&iacute;cio pessoal e ent&atilde;o dentro do Alcor&atilde;o se corrigir e se reprovar?&nbsp; Por exemplo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Tornou-se austero e voltou as costas quando o cego foi ter com ele...&rdquo; (Alcor&atilde;o 80:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">E tamb&eacute;m,<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;&hellip;temais, acaso, mais as pessoas, sabendo que Deus &eacute; mais digno de que O temas?&rdquo;&nbsp; (Alcor&atilde;o 33:37)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Existem outros vers&iacute;culos aos quais podemos nos referir, como o cap&iacute;tulo 18, vers&iacute;culo 23-24, e outros.&nbsp; Por que ele se embara&ccedil;aria quando ele poderia simplesmente omitir ou modificar favoravelmente tais vers&iacute;culos no Alcor&atilde;o?&nbsp; Eles certamente n&atilde;o o favoreciam se seus objetivos fossem poder e prest&iacute;gio.&nbsp; A exist&ecirc;ncia de tais vers&iacute;culos apenas provam que Muhammad era de fato um sincero e verdadeiro Mensageiro de Deus!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/17\/#_ftnref13734\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Ver Fredrick Denny, Islam, NY: Harper &amp; Row, 1987, p.88; Dr. Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1983, p.163; e H.A.R. Gibb, Wither Islam, NY: A.M.S. Press, 1932, p.350; etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/17\/#_ftnref13735\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Ver, por exemplo, H.A.R. Gibb, Mohammedanism, Londres: Oxford University Press, 1962, p.25<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">As Palavras de um Poeta ou um Mestre?<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O Estilo do Alcor&atilde;o<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Existe uma enorme diferen&ccedil;a entre o estilo do Alcor&atilde;o e o pr&oacute;prio estilo de Muhammad, como registrado nos livros de Hadith.&nbsp; As diferen&ccedil;as entre os dois em todos os aspectos - estilo e conte&uacute;do - s&atilde;o evidentes.&nbsp; Os ditos de Muhammad (Hadith) s&atilde;o conversacionais, orat&oacute;rios, e expositivos, de um tipo com o qual os &aacute;rabes estavam familiarizados.&nbsp; Em contraste, o estilo do Alcor&atilde;o &eacute; impositivo:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;N&oacute;s criamos os c&eacute;us e a terra...&rdquo;&nbsp; (Alcor&atilde;o 15:85, 44:38, 46:3, 50:38)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Tamb&eacute;m,<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Dize!...&rdquo;<a title=\"1 Isso tamb&eacute;m &eacute; mencionado em muitos lugares no Alcor&atilde;o para citar aqui. Veja Alcor&atilde;o 112,113,114 para um exemplo (E).\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/16\/#_ftn13736\">[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Tamb&eacute;m,<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;...se o Alcor&atilde;o viesse de outro sen&atilde;o Deus, encontrar&iacute;eis nele muitas discrep&acirc;ncias.&rdquo; (Alcor&atilde;o 4:82)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Tamb&eacute;m,<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;...Dize ent&atilde;o: &lsquo;Trazei um cap&iacute;tulo como esse e chamai, se puderes, outro sen&atilde;o Deus...&rsquo;&rdquo; (Alcor&atilde;o l0:38)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Tamb&eacute;m,<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;...ent&atilde;o trazei um cap&iacute;tulo como esse...e se n&atilde;o puderes &ndash; e certamente n&atilde;o podereis, ent&atilde;o...&rdquo;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Alcor&atilde;o 2:23-24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Que ser humano fal&iacute;vel escreveria um livro e desafiaria a humanidade a encontrar discrep&acirc;ncias nele, como faz o autor do Alcor&atilde;o (Alcor&atilde;o 4:82)? Um estudante ap&oacute;s fazer uma prova acrescentaria uma nota ao examinador dizendo &ldquo;Leia minhas respostas com cuidado e encontre discrep&acirc;ncias ou erros se for capaz!&rdquo;? &nbsp;O estilo do Alcor&atilde;o &eacute; simplesmente o do Criador, que Tudo Sabe.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Al&eacute;m disso, o Alcor&atilde;o &eacute; uma obra-prima liter&aacute;ria &aacute;rabe que continua inigual&aacute;vel em sua eloq&uuml;&ecirc;ncia.&nbsp; Seu estilo r&iacute;tmico, rima, profundidade de express&atilde;o quase obsessiva, majestade, e&nbsp;<em>&ldquo;sinfonia inimit&aacute;vel, os sons que movem homens &agrave;s l&aacute;grimas e &ecirc;xtase&rdquo;<\/em><a title=\" Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Quran, New York: The Muslim World League, 1977, p.vii.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/16\/#_ftn13737\">[2]<\/a><em>,&nbsp;<\/em>abalaram as funda&ccedil;&otilde;es de uma sociedade que se orgulhava de suas habilidades em orat&oacute;ria.&nbsp; As competi&ccedil;&otilde;es eram feitas todos os anos em Meca para quem pudesse recitar os trechos mais longos e eloq&uuml;entes de mem&oacute;ria.&nbsp; Quando o Alcor&atilde;o foi revelado, todas essas competi&ccedil;&otilde;es terminaram, uma vez que n&atilde;o havia mais competi&ccedil;&atilde;o.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Como o milagre do bast&atilde;o de Mois&eacute;s, que se transformou em uma cobra de verdade superando a habilidade de todos os magos do Fara&oacute; na &eacute;poca em que os eg&iacute;pcios se destacavam por seu dom&iacute;nio da feiti&ccedil;aria e magia, e os milagres de Jesus curando o cego e ressuscitando o morto que superaram a habilidade de todos os m&eacute;dicos em uma &eacute;poca em que os judeus se destacavam por seu dom&iacute;nio da medicina, o Alcor&atilde;o foi o milagre do Profeta Muhammad.<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.504; Saheeh Muslim Vol.1, Hadith No.283.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/16\/#_ftn13738\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp; Como tais express&otilde;es magn&iacute;ficas e inigual&aacute;veis emanaram de um homem que, por 40 anos, n&atilde;o era conhecido por ter essa habilidade?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Semelhan&ccedil;as e Discrep&acirc;ncias entre o Alcor&atilde;o e a B&iacute;blia<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A mera exist&ecirc;ncia de semelhan&ccedil;as entre dois livros &eacute; insuficiente para provar que um tenha sido copiado do outro.&nbsp; Ambos podem ter obtido a informa&ccedil;&atilde;o de uma terceira fonte comum, que &eacute; respons&aacute;vel pela semelhan&ccedil;a entre eles.&nbsp; Esse, de fato, &eacute; o argumento do Alcor&atilde;o de que Deus &eacute; a Fonte de toda revela&ccedil;&atilde;o aut&ecirc;ntica (Alcor&atilde;o 4:47).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Alguns eruditos destacaram que os &uacute;nicos crist&atilde;os que o Profeta, que Deus o exalte, encontrou pessoalmente antes de sua miss&atilde;o n&atilde;o passaram tempo suficiente com ele para ensinar suas escrituras, e nenhum outro registro hist&oacute;rico menciona algu&eacute;m que tenha ensinado ao Profeta dentre os judeus e crist&atilde;os.<a title=\" Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.127-128.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/16\/#_ftn13739\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp; Al&eacute;m disso, os &aacute;rabes de seu tempo estavam muito ansiosos para desacredit&aacute;-lo.&nbsp; Assim, se houvesse qualquer professor secreto, eles provavelmente o teriam exposto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Al&eacute;m do mais, o Alcor&atilde;o poderia ter sido copiado da B&iacute;blia se eles apresentam s&eacute;rias diferen&ccedil;as no credo?&nbsp; Com rela&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave;s doutrinas como os conceitos de Deus e miss&atilde;o prof&eacute;tica, pecado e perd&atilde;o, o Alcor&atilde;o difere de forma significativa da B&iacute;blia.&nbsp; O Alcor&atilde;o de fato se endere&ccedil;a aos judeus e crist&atilde;os diretamente ao corrigir o que afirma que s&atilde;o corrup&ccedil;&otilde;es em suas pr&oacute;prias escrituras.&nbsp; O interessante &eacute; que as revela&ccedil;&otilde;es cor&acirc;nicas de problemas doutrin&aacute;rios com o Cristianismo foram enviadas em sua maior parte durante o per&iacute;odo mecano, anterior &agrave; imigra&ccedil;&atilde;o do Profeta a Medina, onde ele teria encontrado muito mais eruditos judeus e crist&atilde;os.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">At&eacute; no caso de narra&ccedil;&atilde;o comum em ambas as escrituras, discrep&acirc;ncias vitais podem ser observadas.&nbsp; Por exemplo, o Alcor&atilde;o, ao contr&aacute;rio da B&iacute;blia:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">- n&atilde;o culpa as mulheres pelo erro cometido por Ad&atilde;o e Eva (que Deus os exalte) ao desobedecer Deus no Jardim do &Eacute;den. (Compare G&ecirc;nesis 3:12-17 com Alcor&atilde;o 91:7-8 e 2:35-37);<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">- enfatiza que Ad&atilde;o e Eva se arrependeram perante Deus (Alcor&atilde;o 7:23) e foram perdoados por Ele (Alcor&atilde;o 2:37);<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">- menciona que a morada eventual de Ad&atilde;o e Eva na Terra j&aacute; era parte do plano de Deus mesmo antes de Ele t&ecirc;-los criado (Alcor&atilde;o 2:30), e n&atilde;o uma esp&eacute;cie de puni&ccedil;&atilde;o (G&ecirc;nesis 3:17-19).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Outras varia&ccedil;&otilde;es significativas podem ser vistas nas est&oacute;rias de Salom&atilde;o<a title=\" por exemplo, o Alcor&atilde;o rejeita que esse Profeta algum dia foi adorador de &iacute;dolos &ndash; compare Alcor&atilde;o 2:102 com 1 Reis 11:4.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/16\/#_ftn13740\">[5]<\/a>, Abra&atilde;o<a title=\" por exemplo, o Alcor&atilde;o descreve o relato da est&oacute;ria da ordem de Deus para sacrificar seu filho como ocorrendo em um sonho com seu filho como participante volunt&aacute;rio antes de ser salvo pela interven&ccedil;&atilde;o de Deus, enquanto a B&iacute;blia conta sobre Deus falando d\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/16\/#_ftn13741\">[6]<\/a>, Ismael e Isaque, Lot, No&eacute;<a title=\" A B&iacute;blia descreve o Grande Dil&uacute;vio como cobrindo toda a Terra enquanto o Alcor&atilde;o descreve o dil&uacute;vio como apenas um evento local, uma descri&ccedil;&atilde;o que &eacute; mais consistente com a evid&ecirc;ncia cient&iacute;fica &ndash; compare Alcor&atilde;o 25:37 com G&ecirc;nesis 7:23.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/16\/#_ftn13742\">[7]<\/a>, Mois&eacute;s e Jesus<a title=\" Uma diferen&ccedil;a cr&iacute;tica &eacute; a insist&ecirc;ncia do Alcor&atilde;o de que Jesus nunca foi verdadeiramente crucificado.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/16\/#_ftn13743\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;(que Deus o exalte).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O Alcor&atilde;o tamb&eacute;m menciona uma boa quantidade de informa&ccedil;&atilde;o hist&oacute;rica sobre a qual a B&iacute;blia &eacute; completamente silenciosa.&nbsp; De que parte da B&iacute;blia as est&oacute;rias a seguir foram copiadas?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">As est&oacute;rias do povo de Ad e Tamude, e seus Profetas, Hud e Saleh.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O di&aacute;logo entre o Profeta No&eacute; e seu filho antes do dil&uacute;vio (Alcor&atilde;o 11:42-43).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O di&aacute;logo entre Abra&atilde;o e seu pai (Alcor&atilde;o 6:74), assim como o entre ele e um rei (Alcor&atilde;o 2:258), e entre ele e seu povo (Alcor&atilde;o 22:70-102; 29:16-18; 37:83-98; 21:57).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A men&ccedil;&atilde;o da cidade de Iram (Alcor&atilde;o 89:7).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O Fara&oacute; do &Ecirc;xodo ser afogado, com o seu corpo preservado como um sinal para os povos das futuras gera&ccedil;&otilde;es (Alcor&atilde;o 10:90-92).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Os milagres de Jesus falando do ber&ccedil;o (Alcor&atilde;o 3:46), e o de ter produzido (pela vontade de Deus) um p&aacute;ssaro do barro (Alcor&atilde;o 3:49), etc.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Para exemplos adicionais, veja as seguintes refer&ecirc;ncias do Alcor&atilde;o: 21:69, 2:260, e 3:37.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><sup>1&nbsp;<\/sup>Isso tamb&eacute;m &eacute; mencionado em muitos lugares no Alcor&atilde;o para citar aqui. Veja Alcor&atilde;o 112,113,114 para um exemplo (E).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref13737\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Quran, New York: The Muslim World League, 1977, p.vii.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref13738\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith No.504;&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Muslim<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.1, Hadith No.283.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref13739\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.127-128.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref13740\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;por exemplo, o Alcor&atilde;o rejeita que esse Profeta algum dia foi adorador de &iacute;dolos &ndash; compare Alcor&atilde;o 2:102 com 1 Reis 11:4.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref13741\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;por exemplo, o Alcor&atilde;o descreve o relato da est&oacute;ria da ordem de Deus para sacrificar seu filho como ocorrendo em um sonho com seu filho como participante volunt&aacute;rio antes de ser salvo pela interven&ccedil;&atilde;o de Deus, enquanto a B&iacute;blia conta sobre Deus falando diretamente a ele e seu filho como estando alheio aos seus plano &ndash; compare Alcor&atilde;o 37:99-111 com G&ecirc;nesis 22:1-19<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref13742\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;A B&iacute;blia descreve o Grande Dil&uacute;vio como cobrindo toda a Terra enquanto o Alcor&atilde;o descreve o dil&uacute;vio como apenas um evento local, uma descri&ccedil;&atilde;o que &eacute; mais consistente com a evid&ecirc;ncia cient&iacute;fica &ndash; compare Alcor&atilde;o 25:37 com G&ecirc;nesis 7:23.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref13743\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;Uma diferen&ccedil;a cr&iacute;tica &eacute; a insist&ecirc;ncia do Alcor&atilde;o de que Jesus nunca foi verdadeiramente crucificado.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Foram as Palavras de Satan&aacute;s ou Deus?<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ensinamentos Cor&acirc;nicos sobre Satan&aacute;s e sobre Moralidade<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Alguns alegam que o Alcor&atilde;o foi o trabalho do dem&ocirc;nio.<a title=\" Ver Islam and the West: the Making of an Image, de Norman Daniel, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 1989, p.83, 94, etc.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftn13744\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp; Vamos examinar quanto sentido (ou falta de sentido) tem essa alega&ccedil;&atilde;o.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Se ele &eacute; o autor ou inspirou o Alcor&atilde;o, por que Satan&aacute;s se amaldi&ccedil;oaria e chamaria a si pr&oacute;prio o pior inimigo do homem (Alcor&atilde;o 35:6; 36:60)? Por que Satan&aacute;s ordenaria que antes de recitar o Alcor&atilde;o, deve-se primeiro dizer:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;...Eu busco ref&uacute;gio em Deus de Satan&aacute;s, o amaldi&ccedil;oado.&rdquo; (Alcor&atilde;o 16:98)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Como poderia Satan&aacute;s condenar t&atilde;o veementemente a si pr&oacute;prio?&nbsp; &Eacute; aceit&aacute;vel ao bom senso manter a opini&atilde;o de que Satan&aacute;s pediria &agrave;s pessoas para fazerem o bem, terem moral e serem virtuosas, adorarem somente a Deus, n&atilde;o seguirem Satan&aacute;s ou seus sussurros, e evitarem e lutarem contra o mal?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Manter essa opini&atilde;o &eacute; claramente contr&aacute;rio &agrave; raz&atilde;o, j&aacute; que Satan&aacute;s s&oacute; se enfraqueceu atrav&eacute;s desses meios se ele &eacute; o autor.&nbsp; At&eacute; a B&iacute;blia atesta:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;...se Satan&aacute;s se tem levantado contra si mesmo, e est&aacute; dividido, tampouco pode ele subsistir;&rdquo; (Marcos 3:26)<a title=\" Citado em H.M. Njozi, The Sources of the Quran: A Critical Review of the Authorship Theories, Saudi Arabia: WAMY Publications, 1991, p.96\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftn13745\">[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Esse argumento se aplica a quaisquer &ldquo;for&ccedil;as sat&acirc;nicas&rdquo;, sejam elas &ldquo;esp&iacute;ritos malignos&rdquo;, &ldquo;alien&iacute;genas enganadores&rdquo;, etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Os Conte&uacute;dos Factuais e Informa&ccedil;&atilde;o Cient&iacute;fica do Alcor&atilde;o<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dentro do Alcor&atilde;o est&atilde;o registrados fatos sobre tempos antigos que n&atilde;o era conhecidos dos contempor&acirc;neos de Muhammad e mesmo de historiadores na primeira metade do s&eacute;culo 20.&nbsp; Nos vers&iacute;culos n&oacute;s tamb&eacute;m encontramos refer&ecirc;ncias a maravilhas cient&iacute;ficas, algumas descobertas ou confirmadas apenas recentemente, com rela&ccedil;&atilde;o ao universo, biologia, embriologia, astronomia, f&iacute;sica, geografia, meteorologia, medicina, hist&oacute;ria, oceanografia, etc.&nbsp; Abaixo est&atilde;o alguns exemplos de descobertas cient&iacute;ficas modernas mencionadas no Alcor&atilde;o.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>A Cidade Perdida de Iram. (Alcor&atilde;o 89:7)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>As abelhas oper&aacute;rias serem f&ecirc;meas. (Alcor&atilde;o 16:68)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>As montanhas como &ldquo;estacas&rdquo; e estabilizadores. (Alcor&atilde;o 78:6-7)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>A forma esf&eacute;rica da Terra. (Alcor&atilde;o 7:54; 36:37; 31:29)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>O universo em expans&atilde;o. (Alcor&atilde;o 51:47)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>O &ldquo;Big-Bang&rdquo;. (Alcor&atilde;o 21:30)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Que em um determinado ponto no tempo, todo o universo n&atilde;o era mais do que uma nuvem de &ldquo;fuma&ccedil;a&rdquo;. (Alcor&atilde;o 41:11)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>A descri&ccedil;&atilde;o cor&acirc;nica do desenvolvimento do embri&atilde;o humano. (Alcor&atilde;o 23:12-14)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Os leitores que estiverem interessados em mais exemplos, refiram-se a &ldquo;A B&iacute;blia, o Alcor&atilde;o e a Ci&ecirc;ncia&rdquo; de Maurice Bucaille<a title=\" Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1978\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftn13746\">[3]<\/a>,&nbsp; &ldquo;Struggling to Surrender&rdquo; p.33-38, de Jeffery Lang<a title=\" Jeffrey Lang, Struggling to Surrender, Maryland: Amana Publications, 1994\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftn13747\">[4]<\/a>, &ldquo;The Quranic Phenomenon&rdquo; de Malik Bennabi<a title=\" Malik Bennabi, The Quranic Phenomenon, traduzido por A.B. Kirkary, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1983\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftn13748\">[5]<\/a>, &ldquo;The Developing Human&rdquo;, terceira edi&ccedil;&atilde;o, de Keith L.Moore<a title=\" Keith Moore, The Developing Human, terceira edi&ccedil;&atilde;o, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1982\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftn13749\">[6]<\/a>, &ldquo;Um Breve Guia Ilustrado para Compreender o Isl&atilde;&rdquo;, de I. A.Ibrahim<a title=\" &nbsp;I.A. Ibrahim, A Brief Illustrated Guide to Understanding Islam, Houston: Darussalam Publishers, 1997\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftn13750\">[7]<\/a>, &ldquo;The Sources of the Quran&rdquo; de Hamza Mustapha Njozi<a title=\" Citado em H.M. Njozi, The Sources of the Quran: A Critical Review of the Authorship Theories, Saudi Arabia: WAMY Publications, 1991, p.96 WAMY Publications, 1991\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftn13751\">[8]<\/a>, &ldquo;The Basis of Muslim Beliefs&rdquo;<a title=\"10 Gary Miller, The Basis of Muslim Beliefs, Kuala Lampur: Departamento do Primeiro Ministro Prime &ndash; Divis&atilde;o de Assuntos Isl&acirc;micos, 1995\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftn13752\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;e &ldquo;The Amazing Quran&rdquo;<a title=\"11 (http:\/\/users.erols.com\/ameen\/amazingq.htm)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftn13753\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;de Gary Miller, etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Quantos cientistas e g&ecirc;nios modernos bem treinados com a ajuda de equipamento de alta tecnologia, sat&eacute;lites, telesc&oacute;pios, microsc&oacute;pios e computadores foram necess&aacute;rios para descobrir os fatos cient&iacute;ficos mencionados no Alcor&atilde;o, e quanto tempo?&nbsp; &Eacute; conceb&iacute;vel que um ser humano h&aacute; mais de 1.400 anos pudesse ter produzido uma escritura com essa informa&ccedil;&atilde;o, ainda mais se nunca recebeu educa&ccedil;&atilde;o?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Embora a inabilidade do homem em abranger todos os mist&eacute;rios e complexidades da cria&ccedil;&atilde;o esteja mencionada no Alcor&atilde;o (67:3-4), a revela&ccedil;&atilde;o parece apontar para v&aacute;rios fen&ocirc;menos naturais como se urgindo os seres humanos a questionar e verificar o que &eacute; dito &ndash; mais uma vez, em uma atitude de autoconfian&ccedil;a que s&oacute; se pode supor que o autor esteja de fato desafiando a nossa descren&ccedil;a.&nbsp; Para ser generoso com os c&eacute;ticos, talvez uma ou duas das revela&ccedil;&otilde;es cient&iacute;ficas sejam resultado de uma boa adivinha&ccedil;&atilde;o ou coincid&ecirc;ncia, mas qual &eacute; a probabilidade de que todas elas sejam?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Comparar as declara&ccedil;&otilde;es cor&acirc;nicas que lidam com o universo f&iacute;sico com certas no&ccedil;&otilde;es cient&iacute;ficas nos leva a descobrir semelhan&ccedil;as profundas.&nbsp; Mas, de forma mais not&aacute;vel, como o Dr. Maurice Bucaille observa, o Alcor&atilde;o se distingue de todos os outros trabalhos da Antig&uuml;idade que descrevem ou tentam explicar os trabalhos da natureza no sentido de que evita conceitos errados.&nbsp; Porque no Alcor&atilde;o, s&atilde;o tratados muitos assuntos que t&ecirc;m rela&ccedil;&atilde;o com o conhecimento moderno sem uma &uacute;nica declara&ccedil;&atilde;o contradit&oacute;ria com o que foi estabelecido pela ci&ecirc;ncia atual.<a title=\"12 Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1978\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftn13754\">[11]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O Dr. Bucaille chega ao ponto de concluir o seu estudo com o seguinte coment&aacute;rio:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;Em vista do n&iacute;vel de conhecimento na &eacute;poca de Muhammad, &eacute; inconceb&iacute;vel que muitas declara&ccedil;&otilde;es no Alcor&atilde;o que est&atilde;o conectadas com a ci&ecirc;ncia pudessem ser o trabalho de um homem.&nbsp; &Eacute;, al&eacute;m do mais, perfeitamente leg&iacute;timo, n&atilde;o apenas considerar o Alcor&atilde;o como uma express&atilde;o de Revela&ccedil;&atilde;o, mas tamb&eacute;m coloc&aacute;-lo em uma posi&ccedil;&atilde;o muito especial, com base na garantia de autenticidade que fornece e a presen&ccedil;a nele de declara&ccedil;&otilde;es cient&iacute;ficas que, quando estudadas hoje, parecem um desafio &agrave; explica&ccedil;&atilde;o em termos humanos.&rdquo;<a title=\"13 [76] ibid., p.163.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftn13755\">[12]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Conclus&otilde;es<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ao examinar a poss&iacute;vel fonte do Alcor&atilde;o n&oacute;s cobrimos os seguintes pontos:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Muhammad ser iletrado<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A integridade de Muhammad<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O Estilo do Alcor&atilde;o<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Discrep&acirc;ncias entre o Alcor&atilde;o e a B&iacute;blia<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ensinamentos cor&acirc;nicos sobre Satan&aacute;s e sobre moralidade, e<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Os conte&uacute;dos factuais e informa&ccedil;&atilde;o cient&iacute;fica do Alcor&atilde;o<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Esses pontos foram apresentados para nos ajudar em nosso &ldquo;processo de elimina&ccedil;&atilde;o&rdquo; de fontes ou autores inaceit&aacute;veis do Alcor&atilde;o, como se segue:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Muhammad :<\/strong>&nbsp;N&oacute;s podemos come&ccedil;ar eliminando Muhammad da lista de poss&iacute;veis autores do Alcor&atilde;o.&nbsp; Simplesmente n&atilde;o h&aacute; meio de que ele seja o autor do Alcor&atilde;o em vista dos pontos 1, 2, 3, 5 e 6 apresentados acima.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Outro Poeta(s), Erudito(s) &Aacute;rabe, etc.:<\/strong>&nbsp;N&oacute;s tamb&eacute;m podemos eliminar qualquer outro &aacute;rabe da lista de poss&iacute;veis autores em vista dos pontos 2, 3 e 6 (pelo menos).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Algum N&atilde;o-&Aacute;rabe:<\/strong>&nbsp;As raz&otilde;es para elimina&ccedil;&atilde;o de qualquer &aacute;rabe da lista tamb&eacute;m elimina qualquer erudito, poeta ou personalidade religiosa n&atilde;o-&aacute;rabe.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Monges Crist&atilde;os ou Rabinos Judeus (ou seja, fontes judaico-crist&atilde;s):<\/strong>Essa fonte alternativa do Alcor&atilde;o n&atilde;o &eacute; razo&aacute;vel em vista dos pontos 1, 2, 3, 4 e 6.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Satan&aacute;s (ou outros esp&iacute;ritos ou alien&iacute;genas, ou qualquer um a seu lado, etc.):<\/strong>&nbsp;Essa opini&atilde;o tamb&eacute;m &eacute; inaceit&aacute;vel em vista dos pontos discutidos, especialmente o 5.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Deus:<\/strong>&nbsp;Na aus&ecirc;ncia de qualquer alternativa mais aceit&aacute;vel como fonte e autor ao Alcor&atilde;o, se &eacute; mais ou menos for&ccedil;ado pela raz&atilde;o a aceitar o Alcor&atilde;o pelo que ele alega ser &ndash; revela&ccedil;&atilde;o de Deus atrav&eacute;s de Seu Profeta Muhammad, que Deus o exalte. Essa posi&ccedil;&atilde;o parece razo&aacute;vel n&atilde;o s&oacute; porque &eacute; a &uacute;nica op&ccedil;&atilde;o que n&atilde;o pode ser objetivamente eliminada, mas porque &eacute; razo&aacute;vel esperar que um livro com tais qualidades e conte&uacute;dos venha do Criador e Orientador do homem.&nbsp;&nbsp;De todas as fontes poss&iacute;veis do Alcor&atilde;o, tamb&eacute;m &eacute; a &uacute;nica &uacute;ltima alternativa - Deus - que clama no pr&oacute;prio Alcor&atilde;o ser o autor da escritura.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A posi&ccedil;&atilde;o, portanto, que coloca Deus como o autor do Alcor&atilde;o se mant&eacute;m, e o desafio (ou teste de falsifica&ccedil;&atilde;o, Alcor&atilde;o 4:82) permanece aberto a qualquer um para desqualificar a reivindica&ccedil;&atilde;o do Alcor&atilde;o de ser uma revela&ccedil;&atilde;o de Deus.&nbsp; Tendo n&oacute;s mesmos empreendido essas tarefas, a disputa dos mu&ccedil;ulmanos de que o Alcor&atilde;o &eacute; a Palavra de Deus n&atilde;o parece apenas o produto de f&eacute; cega mas, de fato, um produto de julgamento muito embasado e razo&aacute;vel a luz de todas as evid&ecirc;ncias dispon&iacute;veis. De fato, ap&oacute;s ter acessado as evid&ecirc;ncias, seria f&eacute; cega dizer o contr&aacute;rio!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Nota:<\/strong>&nbsp;A evid&ecirc;ncia da Autoria Divina do Alcor&atilde;o tamb&eacute;m &eacute; evid&ecirc;ncia para a exist&ecirc;ncia do Divino.&nbsp; Deus deve existir, a menos que se possa produzir um autor mais razoavelmente aceit&aacute;vel do Alcor&atilde;o!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref13744\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Ver Islam and the West: the Making of an Image, de Norman Daniel, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 1989, p.83, 94, etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref13745\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Citado em H.M. Njozi, The Sources of the Quran: A Critical Review of the Authorship Theories, Saudi Arabia: WAMY Publications, 1991, p.96<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref13746\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1978<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref13747\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;Jeffrey Lang, Struggling to Surrender, Maryland: Amana Publications, 1994<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref13748\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;Malik Bennabi, The Quranic Phenomenon, traduzido por A.B. Kirkary, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1983<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref13749\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;Keith Moore, The Developing Human, terceira edi&ccedil;&atilde;o, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1982<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref13750\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;I.A. Ibrahim, A Brief Illustrated Guide to Understanding Islam, Houston: Darussalam Publishers, 1997<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref13751\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;Citado em H.M. Njozi, The Sources of the Quran: A Critical Review of the Authorship Theories, Saudi Arabia: WAMY Publications, 1991, p.96 WAMY Publications, 1991<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">10&nbsp;Gary Miller, The Basis of Muslim Beliefs, Kuala Lampur: Departamento do Primeiro Ministro Prime &ndash; Divis&atilde;o de Assuntos Isl&acirc;micos, 1995<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">11&nbsp;(http:\/\/users.erols.com\/ameen\/amazingq.htm)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">12&nbsp;Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1978<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">13&nbsp;[76] ibid., p.163.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":23267,"lft":200,"rght":201,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-26T22:26:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:34:06.000000Z","language_id":15,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":15,"parent_id":136,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"About Qur'an & Hadith","category_slug":"About-Quran-and-Hadith","get_date":"2014-07-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pr_The Authorship of the Quran.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pr_The Authorship of the Quran.docx"},{"id":221,"title":"\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306f\u8ab0\u306a\u306e\u304b","slug":"565","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/53d3ca32-a5d4-489e-9941-234fb8adb1fd-ja_The Authorship of the 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class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u3053\u306e&ldquo;\u5916\u90e8\u8a3c\u62e0&rdquo;\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u660e\u5feb\u306a\u69cb\u6210\u306e\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a&ldquo;\u8ab0\u304c\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306a\u306e\u304b\uff1f&rdquo;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8cea\u554f\u306e\u7b54\u3048\u306b\u8fbf\u308a\u7740\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u7591\u308f\u3057\u3044\u7b54\u3048\u3092\u6d88\u53bb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5225\u306a\u8a00\u3044\u65b9\u3092\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\uff08\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\uff09\u6700\u3082\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u8457\u8005\u30fb\u6e90\u6cc9\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u7121\u3044\u5019\u88dc\u3092\u9664\u53bb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u898b\u6975\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u6e90\u6cc9\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3001\u975e\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306f\u69d8\u3005\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u306f\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306e&ldquo;\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b&rdquo;\u8aac\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u5019\u88dc\u3092\u6319\u3052\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff11\uff09\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff12\uff09\u30a2\u30e9\u30d6\u8a69\u4eba\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u306a\u3069<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff13\uff09\u975e\u30a2\u30e9\u30d6\u4eba\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u8a69\u4eba\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u8005<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff14\uff09\u50e7\u4fb6\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30e9\u30d3\uff08\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u30fb\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6e90\u6cc9\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff15\uff09\u60aa\u9b54\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u6b3a\u779e\u7684&ldquo;\u970a&rdquo;\u3084&ldquo;\u5b87\u5b99\u4eba&rdquo;\u306a\u3069\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff16\uff09\u795e<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u305d\u308c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8aac\u304c\u3044\u304b\u306b\u8ad6\u8a3c\u306b\u8010\u3048\u5f97\u308b\u4e3b\u5f35\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u3058\u3063\u304f\u308a\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\uff1a\u6587\u76f2\u3067\u7121\u5b66\u306a\u4eba\u7269<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u304c\u8aad\u307f\u66f8\u304d\u3092\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u516c\u77e5\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u975e\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u3084\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b74\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306e\u9593\u3067\u3082\u305d\u308c\u306b\u7570\u8b70\u3092\u5531\u3048\u308b\u8005\u306f\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305a\u3001\u6559\u5e2b\u3055\u3048\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u4e00\u5ea6\u3082\u53e3\u982d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4f5c\u8a69\u30fb\u6563\u6587\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u306a\u3069\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u306a\u6cd5\u3092\u6709\u3057\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u306e\u4e00\u5207\u304b\u3089\u89e3\u304d\u653e\u305f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u975e\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u306e\u5b66\u8005\u3067\u3055\u3048\u305d\u306e\u5049\u5927\u3055\u3092\u8b83\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u307b\u3069\u3067\u3059\u3002<a title=\" \u53c2\u7167\uff1aFredrick Denny,Islam,\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\uff1aHarper &amp; Row,1987\u5e74,88\u9801;\u30e2\u30ea\u30b9\u30fb\u30d6\u30ab\u30a4\u30e6,The Bible, the Quran and Science, \u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30ca\u30dd\u30ea\u30b9:American Trust Publications, 1983\u5e74,163\u9801;H.A.R. Gibb, Wither Islam, \u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af:A.M.S. Press, 1932\u5e74,350\u9801;\u306a\u3069\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/17\/#_ftn14884\">1<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u30fb\u7d4c\u6e08\u30fb\u601d\u60f3\u30fb\u4eba\u9593\u95a2\u4fc2\u30fb\u6226\u4e89\u30fb\u5e73\u548c\u30fb\u5a5a\u59fb\u30fb\u5d07\u62dd\u30fb\u5546\u58f2\u306a\u3069\u3001\u4eba\u751f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u4e8b\u67c4\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3001\u77db\u76fe\u306a\u304f\u65e2\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u4e00\u5ea6\u3082\u7de8\u96c6\u30fb\u8ffd\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u304c\u5168\u304f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3082\u3044\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5e83\u5927\u306a\u4e3b\u984c\u306e\u6570\u3005\u304c\u3001\u5b66\u6b74\u306e\u7121\u304f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8cc7\u6599\u306e\u6b20\u5982\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3001\u8aad\u3080\u3053\u3068\u81ea\u4f53\u51fa\u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f7\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u30a2\u30e9\u30d6\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3044\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u7684\u78ba\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f\u4e00\u4f53\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u4e0a\u3001\u3044\u3064\u4f55\u51e6\u3067\u6587\u76f2\u3067\u7121\u5b66\u306a\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5553\u5178\u3092\u5275\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u305f\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306f\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3055\u3067\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u771f\u646f\u3055\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u3055\u3001\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3055\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u304c\u5e83\u307e\u308b\u524d\u306e\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u9593\u3067\u77e5\u308c\u6e21\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5f7c\u306f&ldquo;\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30a2\u30df\u30fc\u30f3&rdquo;\uff08\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u656c\u79f0\u3067\u3082\u3063\u3066\u547c\u3070\u308c\u305f\u7a0b\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u304c\u5618\u3092\u3064\u3044\u305f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306f\u5168\u304f\u8a18\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u897f\u6d0b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u73fe\u4ee3\u6771\u6d0b\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3082\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u81ea\u8eab\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6545\u610f\u306e\u6b3a\u779e\u306b\u53cd\u3057\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u304c\u795e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5553\u793a\u3092\u5fc3\u306e\u5e95\u304b\u3089\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7591\u3044\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a title=\" \u53c2\u7167:H.A.R.Gibb,Mohammedanism,\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3,Oxford University Press,1962\u5e74,25\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/17\/#_ftn14885\">2<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u3082\u3057\u3082\u5f7c\u306e\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3055\u304c\u7591\u304c\u308f\u3057\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306a\u6804\u5149\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u4f5c\u3057\u305f\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u306a\u305c\u5f7c\u306f\u305d\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u6a29\u3092\u5426\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u305d\u308c\u304c\u795e\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f\u7279\u306b\u30de\u30c3\u30ab\u306e\u591a\u795e\u6559\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u9a5a\u304d\u5165\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5553\u5178\u3092\u5275\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u306e\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3060\u3068\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u306a\u305c\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u66f4\u306b\u5f7c\u306e\u6575\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6717\u8aa6\u3092\u6b62\u3081\u308b\u306e\u3068\u5f15\u304d\u63db\u3048\u306b\u3001\u30de\u30c3\u30ab\u306e\u738b\u6a29\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u671b\u3080\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u3089\u7533\u3057\u51fa\u3066\u6765\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3082\u3057\u5f7c\u304c\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u540d\u8a89\u3068\u652f\u914d\u3092\u671b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066\u5f7c\u306f\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7d76\u597d\u306e\u7533\u3057\u51fa\u3092\u65ad\u308a\u3001\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u8cea\u7d20\u306a\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u8feb\u5bb3\u3001\u5236\u88c1\u3001\u66f4\u306b\u306f\u552f\u4e00\u795e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u8105\u5a01\u3092\u611f\u3058\u305f\u8005\u305f\u3061\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6575\u5bfe\u884c\u70ba\u3084\u4fae\u8fb1\u306b\u7518\u3093\u3058\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3001\u6587\u76f2\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u304c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u8457\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u5f7c\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u8a02\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u305f\u308a\u3001\u8b74\u8cac\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7406\u306b\u53f6\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u7bc0\u306b\u306f\u3053\u3046\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306f\uff09\u7709\u3092\u3072\u305d\u3081\u3001\u9854\u3092\u80cc\u3051\u305f\u3002\u4e00\u4eba\u306e\u76f2\u4eba\u304c\u3084\u3063\u3066\u6765\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>80<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>1<\/strong><strong>&minus;<\/strong><strong>2<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u3053\u3046\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u3060\u304c\u6c5d\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u304c\u66b4\u9732\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4eba\u306b\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6016\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u3080\u3057\u308d\u6c5d\u306f\u30a2\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u754f\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>33<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>37<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u3082\u300118\u7ae023&minus;24\u7bc0\u306a\u3069\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3088\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u306a\u305c\u5f7c\u306f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u3053\u3046\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7bc0\u3005\u304b\u3089\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u90fd\u5408\u304c\u826f\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u524a\u9664\u3057\u305f\u308a\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f\u5f7c\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u304c\u6a29\u5a01\u3084\u540d\u58f0\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7bc0\u3005\u306f\u5f7c\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u597d\u90fd\u5408\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u660e\u767d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7bc0\u3005\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306f\u3001\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u304c\u771f\u5b9f\u3092\u8a9e\u3063\u305f\u795e\u306e\u4f7f\u5f92\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/17\/#_ftnref14884\">1<\/a>&nbsp;\u53c2\u7167\uff1aFredrick Denny,Islam,\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\uff1aHarper &amp; Row,1987\u5e74,88\u9801;\u30e2\u30ea\u30b9\u30fb\u30d6\u30ab\u30a4\u30e6,The Bible, the Quran and Science,&nbsp;\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30ca\u30dd\u30ea\u30b9:American Trust Publications, 1983\u5e74,163\u9801;H.A.R. Gibb, Wither Islam,&nbsp;\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af:A.M.S. Press, 1932\u5e74,350\u9801;\u306a\u3069\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/17\/#_ftnref14885\">2<\/a>&nbsp;\u53c2\u7167:H.A.R.Gibb,Mohammedanism,\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3,Oxford University Press,1962\u5e74,25\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u8a69\u4eba\u3084\u6559\u5e2b\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3067\u3042\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u8aac\u660e\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u306b\u3088\u308a\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u3078\u4f1d\u6388\u3055\u308c\u305f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3002<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> \u3088\u308a<a title=\"\u3053\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5f7c\/\u5f7c\u5973\u306e\u540d\u524d\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u691c\u7d22\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/index.php?searchword=iiie.net&amp;searchphrase=exact&amp;ordering=rdate&amp;option=search&amp;fromform=1&amp;modifier=entire\">iiie.net<\/a>\uff08IslamReligion\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u6587\u4f53<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u6587\u4f53\u3068\u3001\u30cf\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u6587\u732e\u306b\u8a18\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u6cd5\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306b\u306f\u5927\u304d\u306a\u9694\u305f\u308a\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306f\u3001\u69d8\u5f0f\u3084\u5185\u5bb9\u306a\u3069\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u660e\u77ad\u306a\u5f62\u3067\u898b\u5206\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u8a00\u8449\uff08\u30cf\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30b9\uff09\u3068\u306f\u4f1a\u8a71\u30fb\u6f14\u8aac\u30fb\u8aac\u660e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30a2\u30e9\u30d6\u4eba\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u65e2\u306b\u6163\u308c\u89aa\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u69d8\u5f0f\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3068\u306f\u5bfe\u79f0\u7684\u306b\u3001\u5a01\u53b3\u306b\u6e80\u3061\u6ea2\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u308f\u308c\u3089\u306f\u5929\u3068\u5730\u3092\u5275\u9020\u3057\u305f\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>15<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>85<\/strong><strong>\u3001<\/strong><strong>44<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>38<\/strong><strong>\u3001<\/strong><strong>46<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>3<\/strong><strong>\u3001<\/strong><strong>50<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>38<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u3053\u3046\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;\u8a00\u3048\uff01&rdquo;<a title=\"\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3053\u3053\u306b\u8a18\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u591a\u3059\u304e\u308b\u7a0b\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u306a\u304b\u3067\u65e2\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\uff11\uff11\uff12\uff0c\uff11\uff11\uff13\uff0c\uff11\uff11\uff14\u7ae0\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u306e\u4e8b\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/16\/#_ftn14886\">1<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u307e\u305f\u3001<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u3082\u3057\u305d\u308c\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\uff09\u304c\u30a2\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3089\u51fa\u305f\u3068\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u304d\u3063\u3068\u591a\u304f\u306e\u77db\u76fe\u3092\u898b\u51fa\u3059\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>4<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>82<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u307e\u305f\u3001<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u8a00\u3048\u3002\u300c\u305d\u308c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u4f3c\u305f\uff11\u7ae0\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u304d\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3042\u306a\u305f\u65b9\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u304c\u771f\u5b9f\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u30a2\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u6c5d\u3089\u3092\u52a9\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u63f4\u52a9\u8005\u306b\u9858\u3063\u3066\u307f\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002\u300d<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>10<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>38<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u307e\u305f\u3001<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u305d\u308c\u306b\u985e\u3059\u308b\uff11\u7ae0\u3014\u30b9\u30fc\u30e9\u3015\u3067\u3082\u4f5c\u3063\u3066\u307f\u306a\u3055\u3044\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u3082\u3057\u6c5d\u3089\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u306a\u3044\u306a\u3089\u3070<\/strong><strong>\u2015<\/strong><strong>\u3044\u3084\u3001\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3082\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u304c<\/strong><strong>\u2015<\/strong><strong>\u305d\u308c\u306a\u3089\u3070\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>2<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>23<\/strong><strong>&minus;<\/strong><strong>24<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4e00\u4f53\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4eba\u9593\u304c\u4eba\u985e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u8457\u8005\u304c\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9593\u9055\u3044\u3092\u63a2\u3057\u51fa\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6311\u6226\u3092\u5ba3\u8a00\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f34\uff1a82\uff09\uff1f\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u7b54\u3048\u3092\u7b54\u6848\u7528\u7d19\u306b\u8a18\u5165\u3057\u305f\u3042\u3068\u3001&nbsp;&ldquo;\u79c1\u306e\u7b54\u6848\u3092\u3058\u3063\u304f\u308a\u3068\u8abf\u3079\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u9593\u9055\u3044\u3092\u63a2\u3057\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f&rdquo;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3078\u306e\u6ce8\u91c8\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u8db3\u3059\u3001\u8ce2\u616e\u306a\u751f\u5f92\u304c\u3044\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u69d8\u5f0f\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5168\u77e5\u306a\u308b\u5275\u9020\u4e3b\u306e\u69d8\u5f0f\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u66f4\u306b\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u30a2\u30e9\u30d6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u96c4\u5f01\u3055\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u80a9\u3092\u4e26\u3079\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u306e\u30ea\u30ba\u30df\u30ab\u30eb\u306a\u6587\u4f53\u3001\u62bc\u97fb\u3001\u6df1\u304f\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u8868\u73fe\u3001\u8358\u53b3\u3055\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066<em>&ldquo;<\/em><em>\u4eba\u3092\u52d5\u304b\u3057\u3001\u6d99\u3055\u305b\u3001\u5feb\u697d\u306b\u9154\u308f\u305b\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3001\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u771f\u4f3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u306a\u3044\u8abf\u548c\u6027<\/em><em>&rdquo;<\/em><a title=\" Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Quran, \u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af:The Muslim World League,1977\u5e74,vii\u9801\u3002&nbsp;&nbsp; \" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/16\/#_ftn14887\">2<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u306f\u3001\u512a\u308c\u305f\u96c4\u5f01\u8853\u3092\u8a87\u3063\u305f\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u3092\u6839\u5e95\u304b\u3089\u63fa\u308b\u304c\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30de\u30c3\u30ab\u3067\u306f\u6bce\u5e74\u3001\u8ab0\u304c\u6700\u3082\u9577\u304f\u6697\u8aa6\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u96c4\u5f01\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u304c\u7af6\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u5553\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7af6\u6280\u306f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u7af6\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u306b\u610f\u7fa9\u3092\u898b\u51fa\u305b\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3001\u3084\u304c\u3066\u4e2d\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30e2\u30fc\u30bc\u306f\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u9b54\u6cd5\u30fb\u9b54\u8853\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u9577\u3051\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30d5\u30a1\u30e9\u30aa\u306e\u9b54\u8853\u5e2b\u305f\u3061\u3068\u5bfe\u5cd9\u3057\u3001\u6756\u3092\u672c\u7269\u306e\u86c7\u306b\u5909\u3048\u308b\u5947\u8de1\u3092\u898b\u305b\u3066\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u9b54\u8853\u3092\u51cc\u99d5\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u306b\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u76f2\u4eba\u306e\u76ee\u3092\u7652\u3057\u3001\u6b7b\u4eba\u3092\u7526\u3089\u305b\u308b\u5947\u8de1\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u5727\u5012\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5947\u8de1\u3092\u898b\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u6027\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u5947\u8de1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u4f3c\u901a\u3063\u305f\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u3059<a title=\"\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u7b2c6\u5dfb,\u30cf\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30b9504\u756a;\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u7b2c1\u5dfb,\u30cf\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30b9283\u756a\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/16\/#_ftn14888\">3<\/a>\u3002&nbsp;\u3044\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u58ee\u5927\u304b\u3064\u7121\u6bd4\u306a\u308b\u8868\u73fe\u304c40\u5e74\u9593\u306b\u6e21\u308a\u3001\u4e00\u5ea6\u3082\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u7537\u6027\u304b\u3089\u767a\u305b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u306e\u5171\u901a\u70b9\u3068\u76f8\u9055\u70b9<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u672c\u306b\u5171\u901a\u70b9\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304b\u304c\u6a21\u5023\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u306e\u306f\u9593\u9055\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3089\u53cc\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u5171\u901a\u3057\u305f\u6e90\u6cc9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5171\u901a\u4e8b\u9805\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3082\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u771f\u6027\u306e\u5553\u793a\u306f\u795e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>4<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>47<\/strong><strong>\uff09\u3002<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\uff08\u795e\u306e\u79f0\u8cdb\u3042\u308c\uff09\u304c\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u4f7f\u547d\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u524d\u306b\u51fa\u4f1a\u3063\u305f\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5f92\u3068\u306f\u5341\u5206\u306a\u6642\u9593\u3092\u904e\u3054\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u5553\u5178\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7121\u7406\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u304c\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5f92\u304b\u3089\u4f55\u304b\u3092\u5b66\u3093\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u8a18\u9332\u3082\u4f55\u4e00\u3064\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093<a title=\" Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer,\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30b8\u30e3, Dar al-Fatah, 1997\u5e74, 127-128\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/16\/#_ftn14889\">4<\/a>\u3002\u307e\u305f\u5f7c\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u30a2\u30e9\u30d6\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u540d\u8a89\u3092\u50b7\u3064\u3051\u3088\u3046\u3068\u5fc5\u6b7b\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3082\u3057\u5f7c\u306e\u5e2b\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u66b4\u9732\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306f\u305a\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u53cc\u65b9\u306b\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u6559\u7fa9\u4e0a\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u3092\u6a21\u5199\u3057\u305f\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f\u795e\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3084\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u6027\u3001\u7f6a\u3068\u8d66\u3057\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u6559\u7fa9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u3068\u8457\u3057\u304f\u7570\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u3068\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5f92\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u5553\u5178\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8150\u6557\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u9593\u9055\u3044\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u5553\u793a\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u304c\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u3084\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5f92\u306e\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306b\u4f1a\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u305f\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u30de\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30ca\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u4f4f\u524d\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u30de\u30c3\u30ab\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u4e0b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u305d\u3057\u3066\u53cc\u65b9\u306e\u5553\u5178\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u4f3c\u901a\u3063\u305f\u65e2\u8ff0\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3067\u3055\u3048\u3001\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u76f8\u9055\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u70b9\u3067\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u3068\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u30a8\u30c7\u30f3\u306e\u5712\u3067\u306e\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u30a4\u30d6\u306b\u3088\u308b\u795e\u3078\u306e\u4e0d\u5f93\u9806\u306e\u7f6a\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3001\u5973\u6027\u3092\u548e\u3081\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\uff08\u5275\u4e16\u8a183\uff1a12&minus;17\u3068\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f391\uff1a7&minus;8\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u4e8b\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u30a4\u30d6\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6094\u609f\u304c\u5f37\u8abf\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u30007\uff1a23\uff09\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u8d66\u3057\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u3053\u3068\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u30002\uff1a37\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u30a4\u30d6\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u3067\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u5275\u9020\u3055\u308c\u308b\u524d\u304b\u3089\u8a08\u753b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65e2\u8ff0\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u30002\uff1a30\uff09\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7f6a\u3078\u306e\u7f70\uff08\u5275\u4e16\u8a18\u30003\uff1a17&minus;19\uff09\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4ed6\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u76f8\u9055\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30bd\u30ed\u30e2\u30f3<a title=\"\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30bd\u30ed\u30e2\u30f3\u304c\u5076\u50cf\u5d07\u62dd\u8005\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f32\uff1a102\u3068\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u738b\u8a1811\uff1a4\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u4e8b\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/16\/#_ftn14890\">5<\/a>\u3001\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0<a title=\"\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u3092\u751f\u3051\u8d04\u306b\u6367\u3052\u3088\u3068\u3044\u3046\u795e\u306e\u6307\u4ee4\u3092\u5922\u3067\u898b\u305f\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6307\u4ee4\u3092\u9032\u3093\u3067\u5f15\u304d\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u5f7c\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u304c\u3001\u795e\u306e\u4ecb\u5728\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6551\u308f\u308c\u305f\u9038\u8a71\u304c\u65e2\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u795e\u304c\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u8a71\u3057\u304b\u3051\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u63cf\u5199\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f337\uff1a99&minus;111\u3068\u5275\u4e16\u8a1822\uff1a1&minus;19\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u4e8b\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/16\/#_ftn14891\">6<\/a>\u3001\u30a4\u30b7\u30e5\u30de\u30a8\u30eb\u3068\u30a4\u30b5\u30af\u3001\u30ed\u30c8\u3001\u30ce\u30a2<a title=\"\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u304c\u5168\u5730\u7403\u3092\u8986\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u305d\u308c\u304c\u5c40\u5730\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u3082\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f325\uff1a37\u3068\u5275\u4e16\u8a187\uff1a23\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u4e8b\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/16\/#_ftn14892\">7<\/a>\u3001\u30e2\u30fc\u30bc\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9<a title=\"\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u76f8\u9055\u70b9\u304c\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/16\/#_ftn14893\">8<\/a>\uff08\u795e\u306e\u6148\u60b2\u3068\u795d\u798f\u3042\u308c\uff09\u306e\u65e2\u8ff0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u898b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u307e\u305f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6c88\u9ed9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3082\u591a\u304f\u8a9e\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u65e2\u8ff0\u306e\u5185\u3001\u3069\u308c\u304c\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u6a21\u5199\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30a2\u30fc\u30c9\u3068\u30b5\u30e0\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u6c11\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u9038\u8a71\u3068\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u9063\u308f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u3068\u30b5\u30fc\u30ea\u30d5\u3002<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u524d\u306e\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30ce\u30a2\u3068\u5f7c\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u306e\u5bfe\u8a71\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f311\uff1a42&minus;43\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u3068\u5f7c\u306e\u7236\u89aa\u306e\u5bfe\u8a71\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f36\uff1a74\uff09\u3001\u307e\u305f\u5f7c\u3068\u738b\u306e\u5bfe\u8a71\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f32\uff1a258\uff09\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5f7c\u3068\u5f7c\u306e\u6c11\u3068\u306e\u5bfe\u8a71\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f322\uff1a70&minus;102\uff1b29\uff1a16&minus;18\uff1b37\uff1a83&minus;98\uff1b21\uff1a57\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30a4\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u90fd\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u65e2\u8ff0\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f389\uff1a7\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30e2\u30fc\u30bc\u306e\u30a8\u30b8\u30d7\u30c8\u51fa\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30d5\u30a1\u30e9\u30aa\u304c\u6eba\u6b7b\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u305d\u306e\u907a\u4f53\u304c\u672a\u6765\u306e\u4e16\u4ee3\u3078\u306e\u5fb4\u306e\u305f\u3081\uff08\u30df\u30a4\u30e9\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff09\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f310\uff1a90&minus;92\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u304c\u751f\u5f8c\u9593\u3082\u306a\u3044\u63fa\u308a\u304b\u3054\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u8a9e\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f33\uff1a46\uff09\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u795e\u304b\u3089\u306e\u529b\u6dfb\u3048\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6ce5\u3092\u9ce5\u306b\u5909\u3048\u305f\u3053\u3068\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f33\uff1a49\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u66f4\u306a\u308b\u4f8b\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e21\uff1a69\u30012\uff1a260\u3001\u305d\u3057\u30663\uff1a37\u306a\u3069\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u4e0b\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref14886\">1<\/a>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3053\u3053\u306b\u8a18\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u591a\u3059\u304e\u308b\u7a0b\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u306a\u304b\u3067\u65e2\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\uff11\uff11\uff12\uff0c\uff11\uff11\uff13\uff0c\uff11\uff11\uff14\u7ae0\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u306e\u4e8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref14887\">2<\/a>&nbsp;Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Quran,&nbsp;\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af:The Muslim World League,1977\u5e74,vii\u9801\u3002&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref14888\">3<\/a>\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u7b2c6\u5dfb,\u30cf\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30b9504\u756a;\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u7b2c1\u5dfb,\u30cf\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30b9283\u756a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref14889\">4<\/a>&nbsp;Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer,\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30b8\u30e3,&nbsp;Dar al-Fatah, 1997\u5e74, 127-128\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref14890\">5<\/a>\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30bd\u30ed\u30e2\u30f3\u304c\u5076\u50cf\u5d07\u62dd\u8005\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f32\uff1a102\u3068\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u738b\u8a1811\uff1a4\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u4e8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref14891\">6<\/a>\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u3092\u751f\u3051\u8d04\u306b\u6367\u3052\u3088\u3068\u3044\u3046\u795e\u306e\u6307\u4ee4\u3092\u5922\u3067\u898b\u305f\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6307\u4ee4\u3092\u9032\u3093\u3067\u5f15\u304d\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u5f7c\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u304c\u3001\u795e\u306e\u4ecb\u5728\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6551\u308f\u308c\u305f\u9038\u8a71\u304c\u65e2\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u795e\u304c\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u8a71\u3057\u304b\u3051\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u63cf\u5199\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f337\uff1a99&minus;111\u3068\u5275\u4e16\u8a1822\uff1a1&minus;19\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u4e8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref14892\">7<\/a>\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u304c\u5168\u5730\u7403\u3092\u8986\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u305d\u308c\u304c\u5c40\u5730\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u3082\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f325\uff1a37\u3068\u5275\u4e16\u8a187\uff1a23\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u4e8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref14893\">8<\/a>\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u76f8\u9055\u70b9\u304c\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u795e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u60aa\u9b54\u304b\uff1f<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u8aac\u660e\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u60aa\u9b54\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8aac\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u8457\u8005\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> \u3088\u308a<a title=\"\u3053\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5f7c\/\u5f7c\u5973\u306e\u540d\u524d\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u691c\u7d22\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/index.php?searchword=iiie.net&amp;searchphrase=exact&amp;ordering=rdate&amp;option=search&amp;fromform=1&amp;modifier=entire\">iiie.net<\/a>\uff08IslamReligion\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3067\u306f\u3053\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u304c\u3044\u304b\u306b\u6ed1\u7a3d\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u3082\u3057\u60aa\u9b54\u304c\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u8457\u3057\u305f\u3001\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306b\u56c1\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u306a\u305c\u60aa\u9b54\u306f\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u546a\u3044\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u6700\u5927\u306e\u6575\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f335\uff1a6\u300136\uff1a60\uff09\uff1f\u307e\u305f\u306a\u305c\u60aa\u9b54\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u6717\u8aa6\u3092\u521d\u3081\u308b\u524d\u306b\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5531\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u547d\u3058\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u5fcc\u307e\u308f\u3057\u304d\u60aa\u9b54\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30a2\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u306e\u5fa1\u52a0\u8b77\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>16<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>98<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u307e\u305f\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066\u60aa\u9b54\u306f\u308f\u3056\u308f\u3056\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5f37\u304f\u546a\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f\u5e38\u8b58\u7684\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u898b\u3066\u3001\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u60aa\u9b54\u304c\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5584\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u8ff0\u3079\u3001\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u30fb\u9ad8\u6f54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u52e7\u3081\u3001\u795e\u306e\u307f\u3092\u5d07\u3081\u3001\u60aa\u9b54\u3068\u305d\u306e\u56c1\u304d\u304b\u3089\u80cc\u304d\u3001\u60aa\u884c\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u596e\u95d8\u305b\u3088\u3068\u4fc3\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u60aa\u9b54\u3092\u8457\u8005\u3068\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u305d\u3053\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u50b7\u3064\u3051\u308b\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u89b3\u70b9\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u7406\u6027\u306b\u53cd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u3067\u3055\u3048\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u3082\u3001\u3082\u3057\u5185\u8f2a\u306e\u4e89\u3044\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u3063\u3066\u5206\u88c2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u7acb\u3061\u884c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3067\u6ec5\u3073\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u30de\u30eb\u30b3\u306e\u798f\u97f3\u66f8 <\/strong><strong>3<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>26<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><a title=\" H.M.Njozi, The Sources of the Quran\u304b\u3089\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5370\u7528:A Critical Review of the Authorship Theories,\u30b5\u30a6\u30b8\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2:WAMY Publications,1991\u5e74,96\u9801\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftn14895\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/a><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f&ldquo;\u60aa\u970a&rdquo;\u3084&ldquo;\u60aa\u3057\u304d\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u5b58\u5728&rdquo;\u306a\u3069\u306e\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b&ldquo;\u60aa\u9b54\u7684\u529b&rdquo;\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8b58<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u300120\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u524d\u534a\u307e\u3067\u6b74\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u306b\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3001\u53e4\u4ee3\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6570\u3005\u306e\u7bc0\u3005\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5b87\u5b99\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u80ce\u751f\u5b66\u3001\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u6c17\u8c61\u5b66\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u5b66\u306a\u3069\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3001\u3064\u3044\u6700\u8fd1\u767a\u898b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3001\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u78ba\u8a3c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u9a5a\u7570\u3092\u898b\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u78ba\u8a3c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5931\u308f\u308c\u305f\u30a4\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u90fd\u306e\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f389\uff1a7\uff09<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u50cd\u304d\u8702\u304c\u30e1\u30b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08\u540c16\uff1a68\uff09<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5c71\u3005\u304c\u676d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5730\u9762\u306e\u5b89\u5b9a\u5316\u306e\u50cd\u304d\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08\u540c78\uff1a6&minus;7\uff09<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5730\u7403\u304c\u7403\u72b6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08\u540c7\uff1a54\u300136\uff1a37\u300131\uff1a29\uff09<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5b87\u5b99\u306e\u81a8\u5f35\uff08\u540c51\uff1a47\uff09<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30d3\u30c3\u30b0\u30fb\u30d0\u30f3\uff08\u540c21\uff1a30\uff09<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5168\u5b87\u5b99\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u5358\u306b\u7159\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08\u540c41\uff1a11\uff09<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4eba\u306e\u80ce\u5150\u306e\u751f\u80b2\u904e\u7a0b\u306e\u65e2\u8ff0\uff08\u540c23\uff1a12&minus;14\uff09<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u66f4\u306a\u308b\u4f8b\u306b\u8208\u5473\u306e\u3042\u308b\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u65b9\u3005\u306f\u3001\u30e2\u30fc\u30ea\u30b9\u30fb\u30d6\u30ab\u30a4\u30e6<a title=\" Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, \u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30ca\u30dd\u30ea\u30b9: American Trust Publications, 1978\u5e74\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftn14896\">3<\/a>&nbsp;\u306e&ldquo;The Bible, the Quran and Science&rdquo;\u3001\u307e\u305f\u30b8\u30a7\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30e9\u30f3\u30b0<a title=\" Jeffrey Lang, Struggling to Surrender, \u30e1\u30ea\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9: Amana Publications, 1994\u5e74\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftn14897\">4<\/a>&nbsp;\u306e&ldquo;Struggling to Surrender&rdquo;\u3001\u30de\u30ea\u30af\u30fb\u30d9\u30f3\u30a2\u30d3\u30fc<a title=\" Malik Bennabi, The Quranic Phenomenon, A.B. Kirkary\u8a33, \u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30ca\u30dd\u30ea\u30b9: American Trust Publications, 1983\u5e74\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftn14898\">5<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u306e&ldquo;The Quranic Phenomenon&rdquo;\u3001\u30ad\u30fc\u30b9\u30fbL\u30fb\u30e0\u30fc\u30a2<a title=\" Keith Moore, The Developing Human, \u7b2c\u4e09\u7248, \u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2: W.B. Saunders Co., 1982\u5e74\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftn14899\">6<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u306e&ldquo;The Developing Human&rdquo;\u3001I.A.\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30d2\u30fc\u30e0<a title=\" I.A. Ibrahim, \u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u7406\u89e3\u306e\u56f3\u89e3\u4ed8\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9, \u30d2\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3: Darussalam Publishers, 1997\u5e74&rdquo;( http:\/\/www.islam-guide.com\/jp\/)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftn14900\">7<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u306e&ldquo;\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u7406\u89e3\u306e\u56f3\u89e3\u4ed8\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9&rdquo;\u3001\u30cf\u30e0\u30b6\u30fb\u30e0\u30b9\u30bf\u30d5\u30a1\u30fc<a title=\" H.M. Njozi, The Sources of the Quran: A Critical Review of the Authorship Theories, \u30b5\u30a6\u30b8\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2: WAMY Publications, 1991\u5e74\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftn14901\">8<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u306e&ldquo;The Sources of the Quran&rdquo;\u3001\u30b2\u30a4\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30df\u30e9\u30fc<a title=\" (http:\/\/users.erols.com\/ameen\/amazingq.htm)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftn14902\">9<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u306e&ldquo;The basis of Muslim Beliefs&rdquo;<a title=\" Gary Miller, The Basis of Muslim Beliefs, \u30af\u30a2\u30e9\u30eb\u30f3\u30d7\u30fc\u30eb: Prime Minister&rsquo;s Department - Islamic Affairs Division, 1995\u5e74\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftn14903\">10<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u3068&ldquo;The Amazing Quran&rdquo;\u306a\u3069\u3092\u53c2\u8003\u66f8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u304a\u52e7\u3081\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u901a\u4fe1\u885b\u661f\u3001\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u3084\u9855\u5fae\u93e1\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u6280\u8853\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5668\u5177\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u719f\u7df4\u3057\u305f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u3084\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b&ldquo;\u5929\u624d&rdquo;\u306e\u5185\u306e\u4e00\u4f53\u4f55\u4eba\u304c\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u89e6\u308c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u767a\u898b\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f\u307e\u305f\u305d\u308c\u306b\u306f\u3069\u308c\u4f4d\u306e\u6642\u9593\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff1f\u6559\u80b2\u3055\u3048\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f1400\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u524d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u5165\u3063\u305f\u5553\u5178\u3092\u8457\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u5f35\u306f\u7406\u306b\u9069\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u5275\u9020\u306e\u795e\u79d8\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u80fd\u529b\u3067\u306f\u5168\u3066\u3092\u77e5\u308a\u5c3d\u304f\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306f\u51fa\u6765\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u89e6\u308c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0867\uff1a3&minus;4\uff09\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u5553\u793a\u306f\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u81ea\u7136\u73fe\u8c61\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u77e5\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u3092\u717d\u308a\u3001\u771f\u5b9f\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3088\u3046\u4fc3\u3059\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5a01\u53b3\u306b\u6e80\u3061\u305f\u614b\u5ea6\u306f\u3001\u3042\u305f\u304b\u3082\u305d\u306e\u8457\u8005\u304c\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306b\u6311\u6226\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u61d0\u7591\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u6c17\u3092\u9063\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5185\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u3055\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e00\u3064\u3084\u4e8c\u3064\u306f\u3001\u63a8\u91cf\u3084\u5076\u7136\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u5168\u3066\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u78ba\u7387\u3068\u306f\u4e00\u4f53\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89b3\u5ff5\u3068\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u305d\u3053\u306b\u6839\u6df1\u3044\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u3092\u898b\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3068\u308a\u308f\u3051\u30e2\u30fc\u30ea\u30b9\u30fb\u30d6\u30ab\u30a4\u30e6\u535a\u58eb\u304c\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u969b\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u5b66\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u307e\u305f\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3078\u306e\u8a66\u307f\u306b\u969b\u3057\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u5168\u3066\u306e\u53e4\u3044\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9593\u9055\u3063\u305f\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u6392\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3001\u305f\u3060\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u77db\u76fe\u3082\u7121\u3044\u307e\u307e\u306b\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306b\u6210\u529f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059<a title=\" Maurice Bucaillie, The Bible, the Quran and Science, \u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30ca\u30dd\u30ea\u30b9:American Trust Publications, 1978\u5e74\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftn14904\">11<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30d6\u30ab\u30a4\u30e6\u535a\u58eb\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7d50\u8ad6\u306b\u8fbf\u308a\u7740\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u77e5\u8b58\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u306b\u306f\u4f59\u308a\u306b\u3082\u7121\u7406\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8a9e\u53e5\u304c\u5553\u793a\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306f\u81f3\u6975\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3082\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u96e3\u89e3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\u3068\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u304b\u3089\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u7279\u5225\u306a\u5730\u4f4d\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5f53\u7136\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002&rdquo;<a title=\" [76]\u540c\u4e0a,163\u9801\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftn14905\">12<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u7d50\u8ad6<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u6e90\u6cc9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u70b9\u3092\u8003\u5bdf\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff11\uff0e\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u304c\u6587\u76f2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff12\uff0e\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3055<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff13\uff0e\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u6587\u4f53<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff14\uff0e\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u30d0\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u306e\u76f8\u9055\u6027<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff15\uff0e\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u60aa\u9b54\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u9053\u5fb3\u3078\u306e\u6559\u3048<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff16\uff0e\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u30fb\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u70b9\u304c\u3001\u6b21\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u507d\u306e\u6e90\u6cc9\u307e\u305f\u306f\u8457\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306e&ldquo;\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5&rdquo;\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u52a9\u3051\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\uff1a<\/strong>\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u307e\u305a\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u3092\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u304b\u3089\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e1\u30012\u30013\u30015\u30016\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u30a2\u30e9\u30d6\u8a69\u4eba\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\uff1a<\/strong>\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\uff08\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\uff092\u30013\u3001\u305d\u3057\u30666\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f\u8ad6\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u30a2\u30e9\u30d6\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u3092\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u304b\u3089\u9664\u5916\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u4ed6\u306e\u975e\u30a2\u30e9\u30d6\u4eba\uff1a<\/strong>\u30a2\u30e9\u30d6\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u3092\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u304b\u3089\u9664\u5916\u3057\u305f\u540c\u3058\u7406\u7531\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u975e\u30a2\u30e9\u30d6\u4eba\u5b66\u8005\u3084\u8a69\u4eba\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u50e7\u4fb6\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u30e9\u30d3\uff08\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u30fb\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u6e90\u6cc9\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u6e90\u6cc9\u3068\u3057\u30661\u30012\u30013\u30014\u30016\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u60aa\u9b54\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b\u60aa\u970a\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4ef2\u9593\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u7b49\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u3053\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u3001\u7279\u306b5\u756a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u795e\uff1a<\/strong>\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u8457\u8005\u3068\u6e90\u6cc9\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067\u5bb9\u8a8d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u306a\u3044\u73fe\u72b6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u901a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u795e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\uff08\u795e\u306e\u79f0\u8cdb\u3042\u308c\uff09\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u5553\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u7406\u6027\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4fe1\u3058\u308b\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u306f\u307b\u307c\u9053\u304c\u7121\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u304c\u3088\u308a\u7406\u306b\u9069\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u6620\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u306a\u3044\u3070\u304b\u308a\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u8cea\u3068\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u5275\u9020\u4e3b\u304b\u3089\u6765\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5c0e\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u898b\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u304b\u3089\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u6e90\u6cc9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u8457\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u795e\u306e\u307f\u304c\u6700\u3082\u9069\u3057\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u305d\u308c\u6545\u3001\u795e\u3053\u305d\u304c\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u8457\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u304c\u6700\u3082\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u795e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5553\u793a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u53cd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6311\u6226\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u77db\u76fe\u306e\u767a\u898b\uff1a\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f34\uff1a82\uff09\u306f\u4eca\u306a\u304a\u7d99\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4f5c\u696d\u306b\u81ea\u3089\u7740\u624b\u3057\u305f\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u795e\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5358\u306b\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u4fe1\u3058\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u6700\u3082\u9069\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u307e\u305f\u7b4b\u306e\u901a\u3063\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u4fe1\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5b9f\u306b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8a3c\u62e0\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u5225\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3053\u305d\u306f\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u6ce8\u91c8\uff1a<\/strong>\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u795e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a3c\u62e0\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306e\u8a3c\u62e0\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306b\u3088\u308a\u9069\u3057\u305f\u5225\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u7121\u3044\u9650\u308a\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306f\u7d76\u5bfe\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref14894\">1<\/a>&nbsp;\u53c2\u7167\uff1aNorman Daniel&rsquo;s Islam and the West: the Making of an Image,&nbsp;\u82f1\u56fd: Edinburgh University Press, 1989\u5e74, 83\u9801, 94\u9801,&nbsp;\u7b49<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref14895\">2<\/a>&nbsp;H.M.Njozi, The Sources of the Quran\u304b\u3089\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5370\u7528:A Critical Review of the Authorship Theories,\u30b5\u30a6\u30b8\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2:WAMY Publications,1991\u5e74,96\u9801<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref14896\">3<\/a>&nbsp;Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science,&nbsp;\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30ca\u30dd\u30ea\u30b9: American Trust Publications, 1978\u5e74<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref14897\">4<\/a>&nbsp;Jeffrey Lang, Struggling to Surrender,&nbsp;\u30e1\u30ea\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9: Amana Publications, 1994\u5e74<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref14898\">5<\/a>&nbsp;Malik Bennabi, The Quranic Phenomenon, A.B. Kirkary\u8a33,&nbsp;\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30ca\u30dd\u30ea\u30b9: American Trust Publications, 1983\u5e74<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref14899\">6<\/a>&nbsp;Keith Moore, The Developing Human,&nbsp;\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248,&nbsp;\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2: W.B. Saunders Co., 1982\u5e74<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref14900\">7<\/a>&nbsp;I.A. Ibrahim,&nbsp;\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u7406\u89e3\u306e\u56f3\u89e3\u4ed8\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9,&nbsp;\u30d2\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3: Darussalam Publishers, 1997\u5e74&rdquo;( http:\/\/www.islam-guide.com\/jp\/)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref14901\">8<\/a>&nbsp;H.M. Njozi, The Sources of the Quran: A Critical Review of the Authorship Theories,&nbsp;\u30b5\u30a6\u30b8\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2: WAMY Publications, 1991\u5e74<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref14902\">9<\/a>&nbsp;(http:\/\/users.erols.com\/ameen\/amazingq.htm)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref14903\">10<\/a>&nbsp;Gary Miller, The Basis of Muslim Beliefs,&nbsp;\u30af\u30a2\u30e9\u30eb\u30f3\u30d7\u30fc\u30eb: Prime Minister&rsquo;s Department - Islamic Affairs Division, 1995\u5e74<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref14904\">11<\/a>&nbsp;Maurice Bucaillie, The Bible, the Quran and Science,&nbsp;\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30ca\u30dd\u30ea\u30b9:American Trust Publications, 1978\u5e74<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/15\/#_ftnref14905\">12<\/a>&nbsp;[76]\u540c\u4e0a,163\u9801<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":16634,"lft":202,"rght":203,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-26T22:26:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T21:47:51.000000Z","language_id":16,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":15,"parent_id":136,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"About Qur'an & Hadith","category_slug":"About-Quran-and-Hadith","get_date":"2014-07-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/53d3ca32-7c74-47e7-a0f0-234fb8adb1fd-ja_The Authorship of the Quran.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/53d3ca32-a5d4-489e-9941-234fb8adb1fd-ja_The Authorship of the Quran.docx"},{"id":222,"title":"L'autore del Corano ","slug":"lautore-del-corano-","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/it_The Authorship of the Quran.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/it_The Authorship of the Quran.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:lautore-del-corano-","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\">L'autore del Corano<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">le parole di un umano?<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.vetogate.com\/upload\/photo\/news\/112\/3\/500x282o\/843.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Anche se &egrave; dimostrato che il testo del Corano &egrave; rimasto intatto fino ad oggi, come possiamo essere sicuri che le parole in realt&agrave;&nbsp; sono originariamente&nbsp; da Dio e non da qualche altra fonte?&nbsp; Questa domanda ci porta a dare uno sguardo sull'autenticit&agrave;, sull'autorit&agrave;, o sulla fonte del Corano<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Per quanto riguarda la paternit&agrave; divina del Corano, i musulmani credono che &egrave; stato rivelato testualmente (e cio&egrave; parola per parola) da Dio a Maometto, possa la misericordia e la benedizione di Dio essere su di lui.&nbsp; I non musulmani, tuttavia, che non supportano questo punto di vista, non possono contraddire ai musulmani il fatto che fu testimoniato che Muhammad fu il primo a pronunciare il Corano, un arabo meccano del 7&deg; secolo dC e, come dimostrato sopra, non ci sono state modifiche alle trasmissioni da allora.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">I Musulmani parlano di \"prove interne\" per la paternit&agrave; divina del Corano, cio&egrave; dalle dichiarazioni in tal senso nel Corano stesso (p.es. Corano 4:82; 6:19; 6:92; 27:6; 45:2, ecc.), questo &egrave; comprensibilmente guardato con scetticismo, perch&egrave; chiunque potrebbe citare brani della sua Scrittura, pretendendo che la Scrittura in questione &egrave; rivelazione di Dio. Siamo quindi costretti dalla ragione e dall'obiettivit&agrave; di guardare altrove cercando \"prove esterne\" per l'autorit&agrave; e la fonte divina del Corano.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La semplice struttura proposta per la presentazione di questa \"prova esterna\" &egrave; un processo di eliminazione, dal quale riceviamo la risposta alla domanda - \"Chi &egrave; l'autore del Corano?\" - Eliminando tutte le alternative di risposta a questa domanda, che sono sicuramente implausibile. In altre parole, il pi&ugrave; probabile autore o la fonte del Corano viene identificata eliminando i candidati alternativi inaccettabili.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ci sono vari punti di vista e opinioni contraddittorie da parte di alcuni non-musulmani a riguardo la fonte del Corano. La seguente lista di \"possibili\" autori riflette le principali teorie:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">1)&nbsp;&nbsp; Muhammad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2)&nbsp;&nbsp; Alcuni poeti arabi, studiosi, ecc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">3)&nbsp;&nbsp; Alcuni studiosi non-arabi, o poeti o personalit&agrave; religiose.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">4)&nbsp;&nbsp; Monaci o rabbini (cio&egrave; dalle fonti bibliche o giudeo-cristiane).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">5)&nbsp;&nbsp; Satana (o altri \"spiriti\" ingannevoli o \"alieni\", ecc.).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-bullet\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">6)&nbsp;&nbsp; Dio.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Adesso possiamo procedere ad esaminare dato a uno studio pi&ugrave; approfondito del Corano e della storia quanto siano attendibili tali teorie.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Muhammad: Illetterato e incolto<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Il fatto che Maometto non sapeva n&eacute; leggere n&eacute; scrivere (Corano 29:48) &egrave; ben noto e non contestato anche dai suoi contemporanei non musulmani e gli storici presenti.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Non ebbe ne istruzione scolastica ne un'insegnante di qualsiasi tipo. Non era conosciuto come compositore di poesie orali o in prosa. Il Corano, con le sue leggi onnicomprensive&nbsp; e la libert&agrave; da tutte le incongruenze, ha riconosciuto la sua grandezza anche da studiosi non musulmani.<a title=\" Vedi: Fredrick Denny, Islam, NY: Harper &amp; Row, 1987, p.88; Dr. Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1983, p.163; and H.A.R. Gibb, Wither Islam, NY: A.M.S. Press, 1932, p.350; etc.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/17\/#_ftn24301\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp; I suoi contenuti trattano di legislazione sociale, economica, politica e religiosa, di storia, di una visione sull'universo, sugli esseri viventi, sul pensiero, sulle transazioni umane, sulla guerra, sulla pace, sul matrimonio, sul culto, sulle imprese, e tutto ci&ograve; che riguarda la vita - senza principi contraddittori.&nbsp; Il Corano non &egrave; mai stato modificato o rivisto, perch&egrave; una revisione o una correzione non sono mai state necessarie. Come &egrave; stato possibile che tale tematiche cos&igrave; vaste&nbsp;&nbsp; siano state esposte con tale precisione nel 7 &deg; secolo da un Arabo senza istruzione formale e senza la capacit&agrave; di leggere, quale scarso materiale ci pu&ograve; essere stato nel suo ambiente su tali argomenti? Dove e quando nella storia un analfabeta fu autore&nbsp;&nbsp; di una tale scrittura?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La celebre rettitudine di Muhammed<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La sincerit&agrave; di Muhammad, veridicit&agrave; e rettitudine erano cos&igrave; note che fu anche soprannominato&nbsp;<em>\"Al-Amin\"<\/em>&nbsp;(Il Fidato) dalla sua comunit&agrave; pre-islamica. Non una sola bugia &egrave; registrata contro di lui, e molti orientalisti occidentali moderni hanno ammesso che il Profeta era contrario a qualsiasi inganno intenzionale e che aveva una convinzione profondamente sincera, al punto che &egrave; innegabile che il Corano gli &egrave; stato rivelato da Dio stesso.<a title=\" Vedi: for example, H.A.R. Gibb, Mohammedanism, London: Oxford University Press, 1962, p.25\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/17\/#_ftn24302\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Se la sua rettitudine fossa stata messa in questione, avrebbe dovuto essere stato motivato dal desiderio di gloria personale a produrre Il Corano, perch&egrave; allora avrebbe dovuto disconoscere di non essere l'autore, bensi che provenisse da Dio, specialmente quando i Meccani pagani avevano ammesso che nessuno avrebbe potuto produrre una scrittura del genere (Corano 2:23-24, 17:88, ecc), ma ammirarono questo fatto? I suoi nemici gli anche offrirono la regalit&agrave; su di Mecca e tutte le ricchezze che desiderava, se solo lui avrebbe smesso di recitare. Se era vero che egli desiderava la sua gloria personale e il leadership, perch&eacute; avrebbe dovuto rifiutare l'offerta, quando fu presentato a lui e invece prefer&igrave; una vita di umilt&agrave;, di semplicit&agrave;, la persecuzione, le sanzioni, e anche l'attacco ostile da parte di coloro che si sentivano minacciati dal messaggio dell'unico Dio?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Inoltre, come pu&ograve; essere ragionevole credere che Muhammed, che era analfabeta, sia l'autore del Corano per beneficio personale e allo stesso tempo corregge e rimprovera se stesso ? Per esempio:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\"Si accigli&ograve; e volt&ograve; le spalle quando il cieco venne da lui&hellip;\" (Corano 80:1-2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ed inoltre,<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\"&hellip;Temevi gli uomini, mentre Allah ha pi&ugrave; diritto ad essere temuto\" (Corano33:37)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ci sono altri versi ai quali si pu&ograve; fare riferimento, come ad esempio il capitolo 18, versi 23-24, ed altri. Perch&eacute; avrebbe dovuto mettere in imbarazzo se stesso quando poteva semplicemente omettere o modificare favorevolmente questi versetti del Corano? Non erano certo a suo vantaggio, se i suoi obiettivi erano potere e prestigio. L'esistenza di tali versi dimostra solo che Muhammed era veramente un messaggero veritiero e sincero di Dio!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Nota:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/17\/#_ftnref24301\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Vedi: Fredrick Denny, Islam, NY: Harper &amp; Row, 1987, p.88; Dr. Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, the Quran and Science, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1983, p.163; and H.A.R. Gibb, Wither Islam, NY: A.M.S. Press, 1932, p.350; etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/17\/#_ftnref24302\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Vedi:&nbsp;for example, H.A.R. Gibb, Mohammedanism, London: Oxford University Press, 1962, p.25<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">le parole di un poeta o di un&rsquo;insegnante?<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Lo stile&nbsp;del Corano<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Esiste una grande differenza tra lo stile del Corano e quello di Muhammad come registrato nei libri degli Ahadiith. Le differenze tra i due in ogni senso - stile e contenuto - sono subito evidenti. I detti di Muhammed (Ahadeeth) sono colloquiale, oratoria, ed espositivo, di un genere gli arabi erano gi&agrave; a conoscenza. Al contrario, lo stile del Corano &egrave; autorevole:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\"Non abbiamo creato i cieli e la terra e quello che vi &egrave; frammezzo, se non con la verit&agrave;.&hellip;\" (Corano 15:85, 44:38, 46:3, 50:38)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Inoltre,<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\"Di&rsquo;!...\"<a title=\" Questo &egrave; menzionato in tantissime parti del Corano. Vedi. Corano 112.113.114 per esempio.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/16\/#_ftn24306\">[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Inoltre,<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\"&hellip;Se provenisse (il Corano) da altri che da Allah, vi avrebbero trovato molte contraddizioni.\" (Corano 4:82)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Inoltre,<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\"&hellip; Di&rsquo;: &lsquo;Portate una sura simile a questa e chiamate [a collaborare] chi potrete all'infuori di Allah, &hellip;&rsquo;\"(Corano 10:38)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Inoltre,<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-quran\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\"&hellip;portate allora una sura simile a questa &hellip; Se non lo fate - e non lo farete &hellip;\" (Corano 2:23-24)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Quale fallibile essere umano avrebbe scritto un libro e sfidato l'umanit&agrave; a trovare discrepanze in esso, come fece l'autore del Corano (Corano 4:82)? Sarebbe&nbsp; ragionevole dire, che qualsiasi studente dopo aver scritto la tesi d'esame, aggiungesse una nota al docente dicendo: \"Leggete le mie risposte con cura e trovate eventuali discrepanze o errori in esso, se potete!\"? Lo stile del Corano &egrave; semplicemente quella del Onnisciente Creatore.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Inoltre, il Corano &egrave; un capolavoro letterario di lingua araba, che era &egrave; rimane senza rivali nella sua eloquenza.&nbsp; Il suo ritmico stile , le rime, l'impressionante profondit&agrave; di espressione,la sua maest&agrave;, e<em>&nbsp;<\/em><em>\" la sua inimitabile sinfonia, i suoi particolari suoni, i quali portano le persone a commuoversi\"<\/em><a title=\" Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Quran, New York: The Muslim World League, 1977, p.vii.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/16\/#_ftn24307\">[2]<\/a>, scosse le fondamenta di una societ&agrave; che si era vantata delle sue capacit&agrave; oratorie. Ogni anno furono tenuti concorsi a Mecca per chi avrebbe voluto recitare, a memoria, i pezzi pi&ugrave; lunghi e pi&ugrave; eloquenti. Quando il Corano fu rivelato, tutti questi concorsi subirono una battuta d'arresto, in quanto non vi fu pi&ugrave; concorrenza.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Come il miracolo con il bastone di Mos&egrave;, che si trasform&ograve; in un vero e proprio serpente che super&ograve; la capacit&agrave; di tutti i maghi del faraone in un'era nella quale gli egiziani erano noti per la loro maestria di stregoneria e magia, e il miracolo di Ges&ugrave;', quando guar&igrave; il cieco e risuscit&ograve; il morto, tramite ci&ograve; super&ograve; la capacit&agrave; di tutti i medici in un'era in cui gli ebrei erano noti per la loro padronanza della medicina, il Corano fu proprio il miracolo del Profeta Muhammad .<a title=\" Sahiih Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadiith No.504; Sahiih Muslim Vol.1, Hadiith No.283.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/16\/#_ftn24308\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Come possono tali magnifiche e indiscusse espressioni emanare da un uomo che, per 40 anni, non fu mai noto per tale capacit&agrave;?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Analogie e differenze tra il Corano e la Bibbia<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La semplice esistenza di somiglianze tra due libri non &egrave; sufficiente a provare che l'uno abbia copiato dall'altro. Entrambi avrebbero potuto trarre informazioni da una terza fonte comune, rappresentando cos&igrave; alcune somiglianze tra di loro. Questo, infatti, &egrave; l'argomento del Corano che Dio &egrave; la fonte di ogni autentica rivelazione (Corano 4:47).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Alcuni studiosi hanno notato, che i pochi cristiani, come viene raccontato, i quali incontrarono il&nbsp; Profeta, che la misericordia e la benedizione di Dio siano su di lui, prima della sua missione non spesero abbastanza tempo con lui per insegnargli della loro scrittura, e nessun altra fonte storica cita che il Profeta fosse stato insegnato a proposito degli Ebrei e dei Cristiani.<a title=\" Bilal Philips, Usuul at-Tafsiir, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.127-128.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/16\/#_ftn24309\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp; Inoltre, gli arabi del suo tempo erano molto ansiosi di screditarlo. Quindi, se ci fosse stato qualche maestro segreto, probabilmente lo avrebbero fatto comune.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Inoltre, potrebbe il Corano essere stato copiato dalla Bibbia essendoci profonde differenze in base al credo? Per quanto riguarda le dottrine come i concetti di Dio e il profeta, il peccato e il perdono, il Corano differisce in modo significativo con la Bibbia. Il Corano, infatti, si rivolge agli Ebrei e ai Cristiani direttamente quando correggendo ci&ograve; che afferma sono corruzioni nelle loro scritture.&nbsp; &Egrave; interessante notare che, le rivelazioni coraniche che parlano dei problemi dottrinali del cristianesimo, scesero in gran parte nel periodo meccano, prima della migrazione del Profeta al Medina, dove incontr&ograve; molto pi&ugrave; studiosi ebrei e cristiani.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Anche nel caso della narrazione comune ad entrambe le scritture, le discrepanze vitali possono essere osservati. Ad esempio, il Corano, a differenza della Bibbia:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&mdash;non incolpa le donne per l'errore commesso da Adamo ed Eva (che la misericordia e la benedizione di Dio siano su di lui) disobbedendo a Dio nel giardino dell'Eden. (Genesi 3:12-17 Confronta con Corano 91:7-8 e 2:35-37);<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&mdash;sottolinea che Adamo ed Eva si pentirono a Dio (Corano 7:23), e furono perdonati da Lui (Corano 02:37);<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&mdash;afferma che l'eventuale dimora di Adamo ed Eva sulla Terra era gi&agrave; parte del piano di Dio prima ancora che li cre&ograve; (Corano 2:30), e non una sorta di punizione (Genesi 3:17-19).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Altre variazioni significative possono essere viste nelle storie di Salomone&nbsp;<a title=\"il Corano rifiuta che questo Profeta fu mai un adoratore di idoli &ndash; confrontare Corano 2:102 con 1Re 11:4.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/16\/#_ftn24310\">[5]<\/a>, Abramo<a title=\" il Corano descrive il racconto della storia del comando di Dio di sacrificare suo figlio come si verific&ograve; in un sogno con suo figlio come un partecipante consenziente, prima di essere salvato da un intervento di Dio, mentre la Bibbia parla di Dio che par\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/16\/#_ftn24311\">[6]<\/a>, Ismaele e Isacco, Lot, No&egrave;<a title=\"La Bibbia descrive il Diluvio Universale dicendo di aver coperto tutta la terra, mentre il Corano descrive il diluvio solo come un evento locale, una descrizione che &egrave; pi&ugrave; coerente all'evidenze scientifiche - confronta Corano 25:37 Genesi 07:23.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/16\/#_ftn24312\">[7]<\/a>, Mos&egrave; e Ges&ugrave;<a title=\"Una fondamentale differenza &egrave; l'insistenza del Corano, che in verit&agrave; Ges&ugrave; non fu mai crocifisso.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/16\/#_ftn24313\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;(chela misericordia e la be nedizione di Dio sia su di loro).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Il Corano menziona anche una buona quantit&agrave; di informazioni storiche su cui la Bibbia &egrave; completamente silenziosa. Da quale parte della Bibbia furono copiati i seguenti testi?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le storie del popolo di 'Ad e Thamud, e i loro profeti, Hud e Saleh.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Il dialogo tra il profeta No&egrave; e suo figlio prima del diluvio (Corano 11:42-43).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Il dialogo tra Abramo e suo padre (Corano 6:74),inoltre tra lui e il re (Corano 2:258), e tra lui e la gente del suo popolo (Corano 22:70-102; 29:16-18; 37:83-98; 21:57).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La menzione della citt&agrave; di Iram (Corano 89:7).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Il Faraone dell'Esodo affog&ograve;,il suo corpo fu conservato come un segno per la gente delle generazioni future (Corano 10:90-92).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Il miracolo di Ges&ugrave; quando parl&ograve; dalla culla (Corano 3:46), e form&ograve; (per volont&agrave; di Dio), un uccello d'argilla (Corano 3:49), ecc.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Per ulteriori esempi, vedere i seguenti riferimenti del Corano: 21:69, 2:260, e 3:37.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Nota:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref24306\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Questo &egrave; menzionato in tantissime parti del Corano. Vedi. Corano 112.113.114 per esempio.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref24307\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Quran, New York: The Muslim World League, 1977, p.vii.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref24308\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahiih Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadiith No.504;&nbsp;<em>Sahiih Muslim<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.1, Hadiith No.283.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref24309\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;Bilal Philips, Usuul at-Tafsiir, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.127-128.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref24310\">[5]<\/a>il Corano rifiuta che questo Profeta fu mai un adoratore di idoli &ndash; confrontare Corano 2:102 con 1Re 11:4.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref24311\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;il Corano descrive il racconto della storia del comando di Dio di sacrificare suo figlio come si verific&ograve; in un sogno con suo figlio come un partecipante consenziente, prima di essere salvato da un intervento di Dio, mentre la Bibbia parla di Dio che parla direttamente a lui e a suo figlio come ignaro di i suoi piani - confronto Corano 37:99-111 con Genesi 22:1-19<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref24312\">[7]<\/a>La Bibbia descrive il Diluvio Universale dicendo di aver coperto tutta la terra, mentre il Corano descrive il diluvio solo come un evento locale, una descrizione che &egrave; pi&ugrave; coerente all'evidenze scientifiche - confronta Corano 25:37 Genesi 07:23.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-footnote-text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/16\/#_ftnref24313\">[8]<\/a>Una fondamentale differenza &egrave; l'insistenza del Corano, che in verit&agrave; Ges&ugrave; non fu mai crocifisso.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":19055,"lft":204,"rght":205,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-26T22:26:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T19:11:03.000000Z","language_id":10,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":15,"parent_id":136,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"About Qur'an & Hadith","category_slug":"About-Quran-and-Hadith","get_date":"2014-07-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/it_The Authorship of the Quran.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/it_The Authorship of the Quran.docx"},{"id":223,"title":"Comment le Coran a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9serv\u00e9","slug":"comment-le-coran-a-t-prserv","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr_Preservation of the Quran.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr_Preservation of the Quran.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:comment-le-coran-a-t-prserv","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\">Comment le Coran a &eacute;t&eacute; pr&eacute;serv&eacute;<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La m&eacute;morisation<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_fr\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le Coran, qui est l&rsquo;&Eacute;criture religieuse des musulmans, a &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; en arabe au proph&egrave;te Mohammed (que la paix et les b&eacute;n&eacute;dictions de Dieu soient sur lui) par l&rsquo;interm&eacute;diaire de l&rsquo;ange Gabriel.&nbsp; Cette r&eacute;v&eacute;lation s&rsquo;est faite petit &agrave; petit, par fragments, sur une p&eacute;riode de vingt-trois ans, tant sous la forme de courts versets que sous la forme de longs chapitres (sourates).<a title=\" Muhammad Hamidullah, Introduction to Islam, London: MWH Publishers, 1979, p.17.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftn11666\">[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le Coran (litt. &laquo;&nbsp;r&eacute;citation&nbsp;&raquo;) est un ouvrage distinct de la sounnah du Proph&egrave;te qui elle, constitue un recueil (en plusieurs ouvrages) de ses actes et de ses paroles rapport&eacute;s par ses compagnons (hadiths).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Lorsqu&rsquo;il recevait la r&eacute;v&eacute;lation, le Proph&egrave;te la transmettait directement &agrave; ses compagnons en leur r&eacute;citant fid&egrave;lement les mots qu&rsquo;il avait re&ccedil;us, et dans le m&ecirc;me ordre.&nbsp; Cela appara&icirc;t &eacute;vident lorsque nous consid&eacute;rons qu&rsquo;il r&eacute;p&eacute;tait m&ecirc;me les paroles de Dieu qui lui &eacute;taient personnellement adress&eacute;es, comme par exemple &laquo;&nbsp;qoul&nbsp;&raquo; (qui signifie &laquo;&nbsp;dit&nbsp;&raquo;, &agrave; l&rsquo;imp&eacute;ratif comme dans &laquo;&nbsp;dit aux gens, &ocirc; Mohammed, que&hellip;).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le style et l&rsquo;&eacute;loquence du Coran en font un texte relativement facile &agrave; m&eacute;moriser.&nbsp; En fait, Dieu affirme qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit l&agrave; d&rsquo;une de ses plus grandes qualit&eacute;s, car elle facilite sa pr&eacute;servation et sa m&eacute;morisation (Coran 44:58; &nbsp;54:17, 22, 32, 40), surtout pour une soci&eacute;t&eacute; arabe qui s'enorgueillissait d&rsquo;une longue tradition de composition et de r&eacute;citation de po&egrave;mes.&nbsp; Michael Zwettler &eacute;crit que&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;&nbsp;&Agrave; ces &eacute;poques recul&eacute;es, alors que l&rsquo;&eacute;criture &eacute;tait &agrave; peine utilis&eacute;e, la m&eacute;morisation et la transmission orale &eacute;taient pratiqu&eacute;es &agrave; un degr&eacute; qui nous est pratiquement inconnu et &eacute;tranger, aujourd&rsquo;hui.&nbsp;&raquo;<a title=\" Michael Zwettler, The Oral Tradition of Classical Arabic Poetry, Ohio State Press, 1978, p.14.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftn11667\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La r&eacute;v&eacute;lation &eacute;tait donc facilement m&eacute;moris&eacute;e par une grande partie des gens de la communaut&eacute; du Proph&egrave;te.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le Proph&egrave;te encourageait ses compagnons &agrave; apprendre chaque verset qui lui &eacute;tait r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; et &agrave; le transmettre aux autres.&nbsp; Il leur sugg&eacute;rait &eacute;galement, comme acte d&rsquo;adoration, de r&eacute;citer le Coran sur une base r&eacute;guli&egrave;re, de m&ecirc;me qu&rsquo;au cours des pri&egrave;res.&nbsp; De cette fa&ccedil;on, les musulmans de l&rsquo;&eacute;poque entendaient fr&eacute;quemment les m&ecirc;mes versets r&eacute;cit&eacute;s &agrave; r&eacute;p&eacute;tition; ils les m&eacute;morisaient et les r&eacute;citaient &agrave; leur tour lorsqu&rsquo;ils faisaient leurs pri&egrave;res.&nbsp; C&rsquo;est ainsi que le Coran tout entier fut m&eacute;moris&eacute; mot pour mot par certains compagnons du Proph&egrave;te (que la paix et les b&eacute;n&eacute;dictions de Dieu soient sur lui).&nbsp; Parmi eux, Zaid ibn Thabit, Oubayy ibn Ka&rsquo;b, Mouadh ibn Jabal, et Abou Zaid.<a title=\" Sahih Al-Boukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.525.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftn11668\">[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Non seulement les mots du Coran &eacute;taient-ils m&eacute;moris&eacute;s, mais aussi leur prononciation, qui plus tard allait devenir une v&eacute;ritable science appel&eacute;e &laquo;&nbsp;tajwid&nbsp;&raquo;, la science de la prononciation exacte de chaque lettre et de chaque mot du Coran, en tenant compte &eacute;galement des liaisons et du contexte syntaxique. &nbsp;Gr&acirc;ce &agrave; cette science, de nos jours, de nombreux non-arabophones arrivent &agrave; r&eacute;citer le Coran aussi bien que des arabophones.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Par ailleurs, l&rsquo;ordre des sourates et des versets du Coran a &eacute;t&eacute; agenc&eacute; par le Proph&egrave;te lui-m&ecirc;me et &eacute;tait bien connu de ses compagnons.&nbsp;<a title=\" Ahmad von Denffer, Ulum al-Quran, The Islamic Foundation, UK, 1983, p.41-42; Arthur Jeffery, Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran, Leiden: Brill, 1937, p.31.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftn11669\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Chaque Ramadan, l&rsquo;ange Gabriel venait faire r&eacute;citer le Coran tout entier au Proph&egrave;te; ce dernier r&eacute;p&eacute;tait apr&egrave;s l&rsquo;ange, en pr&eacute;sence de certains compagnons.<a title=\" Sahih Al-Boukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.519.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftn11670\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp; L&rsquo;ann&eacute;e de sa mort, Gabriel le lui fit r&eacute;citer deux fois en entier.<a title=\" Sahih Al-Boukhari Vol.6, Hadith Nos.518 &amp; 520.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftn11671\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Ainsi, l&rsquo;ordre des versets dans chaque sourate, de m&ecirc;me que l&rsquo;ordre des sourates, a &eacute;galement &eacute;t&eacute; m&eacute;moris&eacute; par les compagnons du Proph&egrave;te (que la paix et les b&eacute;n&eacute;dictions de Dieu soient sur lui).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Plus tard, lorsque certains compagnons all&egrave;rent s&rsquo;installer dans d&rsquo;autres provinces, ils enseign&egrave;rent la r&eacute;citation du Coran &agrave; ces nouvelles populations.<a title=\" Ibn Hisham, Seerah al-Nabi, Cairo, n.d., Vol.1, p.199.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftn11672\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;De cette fa&ccedil;on, le Coran fut m&eacute;moris&eacute; par de nombreuses personnes &agrave; travers toute l&rsquo;Arabie, et m&ecirc;me au-del&agrave;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">En fait, la m&eacute;morisation du Coran devint une v&eacute;ritable tradition qui se perp&eacute;tua &agrave; travers les si&egrave;cles, dans le monde musulman, gr&acirc;ce, entre autres, &agrave; l&rsquo;implantation d&rsquo;&eacute;coles de m&eacute;morisation.<a title=\" Labib as-Said, The Recited Koran, traduit par Morroe Berger, A. Rauf, et Bernard Weiss, Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1975, p.59.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftn11673\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Dans ces &eacute;coles, les &eacute;l&egrave;ves m&eacute;morisaient le Coran et apprenaient les r&egrave;gles de tajwid en pr&eacute;sence d&rsquo;un ma&icirc;tre qui avait lui-m&ecirc;me appris d&rsquo;un autre ma&icirc;tre, de sorte qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;&eacute;tait cr&eacute;&eacute; une v&eacute;ritable cha&icirc;ne d&rsquo;apprentissage qui remontait jusqu&rsquo;au Proph&egrave;te de Dieu lui-m&ecirc;me.&nbsp; Cet apprentissage durait (et dure toujours) de trois &agrave; six ans.&nbsp; Lorsque l&rsquo;apprentissage est termin&eacute;, l&rsquo;&eacute;l&egrave;ve re&ccedil;oit un certificat officiel (ijaza) attestant qu&rsquo;il ma&icirc;trise les r&egrave;gles de r&eacute;citation et qu&rsquo;il peut d&eacute;sormais r&eacute;citer le Coran de la m&ecirc;me mani&egrave;re que le r&eacute;citait le Proph&egrave;te Mohammed (que la paix et les b&eacute;n&eacute;dictions de Dieu soient sur lui).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_fr\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_1_of_2)_002.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">L&rsquo;image ci-dessus repr&eacute;sente un certificat typique (<em>ijaza<\/em>) accord&eacute; &agrave; la personne qui a termin&eacute; l&rsquo;apprentissage du Coran, certificat qui atteste que cette personne fait partie de la cha&icirc;ne d&rsquo;apprentissage remontant au Proph&egrave;te de l&rsquo;islam.&nbsp; Le certificat ci-dessus est celui du qari Mishari bin Rashid al-Afasy, un qari (r&eacute;citeur) bien connu du Koweit, accord&eacute; par le sheikh Ahmad al-Ziyyat.&nbsp; L&rsquo;image est une courtoisie de (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.alafasy.com\/\">http:\/\/www.alafasy.com<\/a>.)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A.T. Welch, un orientaliste non-musulman, &eacute;crit&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;&nbsp;Pour les musulmans, le Coran est bien plus qu&rsquo;une &Eacute;criture sacr&eacute;e comme on l&rsquo;entend g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement en Occident.&nbsp; Pour la vaste majorit&eacute; [des musulmans], &agrave; travers les si&egrave;cles, le Coran, a toujours &eacute;t&eacute; avant tout un texte oral, c&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire la forme sous laquelle il a d&rsquo;abord &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute;, une &laquo;&nbsp;r&eacute;citation&nbsp;&raquo; qu&rsquo;a psalmodi&eacute; Mohammed &agrave; ses fid&egrave;les sur une p&eacute;riode de plus de vingt ans&hellip;&nbsp; Les r&eacute;v&eacute;lations &eacute;taient m&eacute;moris&eacute;es par certains compagnons de Mohammed du vivant de ce dernier, et la tradition orale ainsi &eacute;tablie s&rsquo;est poursuivie, jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; nos jours, de fa&ccedil;on plus ou moins ind&eacute;pendante, et peut-&ecirc;tre m&ecirc;me sup&eacute;rieure au Coran &eacute;crit&hellip;&nbsp; &Agrave; travers les si&egrave;cles, la tradition orale du Coran a &eacute;t&eacute; perp&eacute;tu&eacute;e par les r&eacute;citeurs professionnels (qourra).&nbsp; Jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; tout r&eacute;cemment, la r&eacute;citation du Coran a rarement &eacute;t&eacute; pleinement appr&eacute;ci&eacute;e en Occident.&nbsp;&raquo;<a title=\" The Encyclopedia of Islam, &lsquo;The Quran in Muslim Life and Thought.&rsquo;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftn11674\">[9]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le Coran est probablement l&rsquo;unique livre, parmi les livres religieux et la&iuml;ques confondus, qui ait &eacute;t&eacute; m&eacute;moris&eacute; en entier par des millions de personnes &agrave; travers le monde.<a title=\" William Graham, Beyond the Written Word, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p.80.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftn11675\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;L&rsquo;orientaliste Kenneth Cragg &eacute;crit que&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;&nbsp;&hellip; ce ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne de r&eacute;citation du Coran signifie que le texte a travers&eacute; les si&egrave;cles en une succession ininterrompue de d&eacute;votion.&nbsp; On ne peut donc le consid&eacute;rer comme une antiquit&eacute; ni comme un document historique provenant d&rsquo;un pass&eacute; lointain.&nbsp; La r&eacute;citation a fait du Coran un Livre pr&eacute;sent &agrave; toutes les &eacute;poques de l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;islam, &agrave; chaque g&eacute;n&eacute;ration, et a fait en sorte qu&rsquo;il ne soit jamais rel&eacute;gu&eacute; &agrave; un simple r&ocirc;le de r&eacute;f&eacute;rence. &raquo;&nbsp;<a title=\" Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftn11676\">[11]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref11666\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Muhammad Hamidullah, Introduction to Islam, London: MWH Publishers, 1979, p.17.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref11667\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Michael Zwettler, The Oral Tradition of Classical Arabic Poetry, Ohio State Press, 1978, p.14.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref11668\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahih Al-Boukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith No.525.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref11669\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;Ahmad von Denffer, Ulum al-Quran, The Islamic Foundation, UK, 1983, p.41-42; Arthur Jeffery, Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran, Leiden: Brill, 1937, p.31.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref11670\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahih Al-Boukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith No.519.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref11671\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahih Al-Boukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith Nos.518 &amp; 520.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref11672\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;Ibn Hisham, Seerah al-Nabi, Cairo, n.d., Vol.1, p.199.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref11673\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;Labib as-Said, The Recited Koran, traduit par Morroe Berger, A. Rauf, et Bernard Weiss, Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1975, p.59.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref11674\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;The Encyclopedia of Islam, &lsquo;The Quran in Muslim Life and Thought.&rsquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref11675\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;William Graham, Beyond the Written Word, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p.80.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref11676\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le Coran &eacute;crit<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le Coran tout entier a &eacute;t&eacute; mis par &eacute;crit au fur et &agrave; mesure de sa r&eacute;v&eacute;lation &agrave; Mohammed par certains de ses compagnons lettr&eacute;s, dont le plus connu &eacute;tait Zaid ibn Thabit.<a title=\" Jalal al-Din Suyuti, Al-Itqan fee &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Beirut: Maktab al-Thiqaafiyya, 1973, Vol.1, p.41 &amp; 99.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftn11677\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Parmi les autres scribes, il y avait &eacute;galement Oubayy ibn Ka&rsquo;b, Ibn Mas&rsquo;oud, Mou&rsquo;awiyah ibn Abi-Soufyan, Khalid ibn Walid et Zoubayr ibn Awwam.<a title=\" Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Al-Isabah fee Taymeez as-Sahabah, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1978; Bayard Dodge, The Fihrist of al-Nadeem: A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture, NY: Columbia University Press, 1970, p.53-63. \" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftn11678\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Les versets &eacute;taient &eacute;crits sur des pi&egrave;ces de cuir, sur des parchemins, sur l&rsquo;os d&rsquo;omoplate de certains animaux et sur des tiges de palmier dess&eacute;ch&eacute;es.<a title=\" Al-Harith al-Muhasabi, Kitab Fahm al-Sunan, cit&eacute; dans Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Vol.1, p.58.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftn11679\">[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La codification du Coran sous forme de livre a &eacute;t&eacute; faite peu apr&egrave;s la bataille de Yamamah (en l&rsquo;an 11 de l&rsquo;H&eacute;gire &ndash; 633 de notre &egrave;re), apr&egrave;s la mort du Proph&egrave;te, durant le califat d&rsquo;Abou Bakr.&nbsp; De nombreux compagnons sont morts en martyrs au cours de cette bataille et l&rsquo;on craignait qu&rsquo;&agrave; moins qu&rsquo;une copie &eacute;crite du Coran tout entier ne soit produite, certaines parties puissent &ecirc;tre perdues &agrave; jamais avec la mort de ceux qui les avait m&eacute;moris&eacute;es.&nbsp; Par cons&eacute;quent, suivant la suggestion d&rsquo;Omar de mettre le Coran tout entier par &eacute;crit, Zaid ibn Thabit fut nomm&eacute; par Abou Bakr &agrave; la t&ecirc;te d&rsquo;un comit&eacute; qui allait devoir colliger tous les versets &eacute;crits ici et l&agrave; et produire une copie renfermant le Coran dans toute son int&eacute;gralit&eacute;.<a title=\" Sahih Al-Boukhari Vol.6, Hadith Nos.201 &amp; 509; Vol.9, Hadith No.301.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftn11680\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp; Afin de pr&eacute;server cette compilation de toute erreur, le comit&eacute; n&rsquo;accepta que les &eacute;crits qui avaient &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;dig&eacute;s en pr&eacute;sence du Proph&egrave;te et exigea deux t&eacute;moins fiables &agrave; l&rsquo;appui, qui avaient r&eacute;ellement entendu le Proph&egrave;te r&eacute;citer les versets en question.<a title=\" Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Fath al-Bari, Vol.9, p.10-11.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftn11681\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp; Une fois compl&eacute;t&eacute;e et approuv&eacute;e &agrave; l&rsquo;unanimit&eacute; par les compagnons du Proph&egrave;te, cette copie du Coran fut gard&eacute;e par Abou Bakr (mort en l&rsquo;an 13 de l&rsquo;H&eacute;gire), puis transf&eacute;r&eacute;e au calife &lsquo;Omar, puis &agrave; fille d&rsquo;Omar et veuve du Proph&egrave;te, Hafsah.<a title=\" Sahih Al-Boukhari, Vol.6, Hadith No.201.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftn11682\">[6]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le troisi&egrave;me calife, Outhman (calife entre l&rsquo;an 23 et l&rsquo;an 35 de l&rsquo;H&eacute;gire) demanda &agrave; Hafsah de lui envoyer le manuscrit du Coran, qui &eacute;tait sous sa garde, et demanda qu&rsquo;on en fasse plusieurs copies reli&eacute;es.&nbsp; Cette t&acirc;che revint aux compagnons Zaid ibn Thabit, Abdoullah ibn Az-Zoubair, Sa&rsquo;id ibn As-&rsquo;As, et Abdour-Rahman ibn Harith ibn Hisham.<a title=\" Sahih Al-Boukhari Vol.4, Hadith No.709; Vol.6, Hadith No.507\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftn11683\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Lorsque les copies furent compl&eacute;t&eacute;es (en l&rsquo;an 25 de l&rsquo;H&eacute;gire), Outhman rendit &agrave; Hafsah le manuscrit original et envoya les copies aux principales provinces musulmanes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Un certain nombre d&rsquo;&eacute;rudits non-musulmans qui ont &eacute;tudi&eacute; la question de la compilation et de la pr&eacute;servation du Coran ont conclu &agrave; l&rsquo;authenticit&eacute; de ce dernier.&nbsp; John Burton, &agrave; la fin de son ouvrage &eacute;toff&eacute; sur la compilation du Coran, affirme que le Coran, tel que nous le connaissons aujourd&rsquo;hui, est&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;&nbsp;&hellip; un texte qui nous est parvenu exactement sous la m&ecirc;me forme que celle dans laquelle il a &eacute;t&eacute; arrang&eacute; et approuv&eacute; par le Proph&egrave;te. (&hellip;)&nbsp; Ce que nous tenons aujourd&rsquo;hui dans nos mains, c&rsquo;est le moushaf de Mohammed.&nbsp;&raquo;<a title=\" John Burton, The Collection of the Quran, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977, p.239-40.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftn11684\">[8]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Kenneth Cragg d&eacute;crit la transmission du Coran de l&rsquo;&eacute;poque de la r&eacute;v&eacute;lation &agrave; nos jours comme &laquo;&nbsp;<em>un texte qui a travers&eacute; les si&egrave;cles en une succession ininterrompue de d&eacute;votion.<\/em>&nbsp;&raquo;<a title=\" Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftn11685\">[9]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Schwally, quant &agrave; lui, affirme que&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;&nbsp;En ce qui concerne la r&eacute;v&eacute;lation, nous pouvons &ecirc;tre certains que la transmission de son texte a &eacute;t&eacute; faite en respectant avec exactitude la disposition qu&rsquo;en avait faite le Proph&egrave;te.&nbsp;&raquo;<a title=\" Schwally, Geschichte des Qorans, Leipzig: Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1909-38, Vol.2, p.120.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftn11686\">[10]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La cr&eacute;dibilit&eacute; historique du Coran est encore soutenue par le fait que l&rsquo;une des copies envoy&eacute;es par le calife Outhman existe toujours aujourd&rsquo;hui.&nbsp; Elle se trouve au mus&eacute;e de la ville de Tashkent, en Ouzb&eacute;kistan.&nbsp; Selon le programme &laquo;&nbsp;M&eacute;moire du monde&nbsp;&raquo; de l&rsquo;Unesco, une division des Nations Unies, &laquo;&nbsp;il s&rsquo;agit de la version d&eacute;finitive, connue comme &eacute;tant le moushaf de &lsquo;Outhman.&nbsp;&raquo;<a title=\" (http:\/\/www.unesco.org.)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftn11687\">[11]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_cn\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_2_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/webworld\/mdm\/1997\/eng\/uzbekistan\/reading.html#1\"><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;Ce manuscrit, gard&eacute; par le Conseil musulman d&rsquo;Ouzb&eacute;kistan, est la plus ancienne version &eacute;crite du Coran.&nbsp; Il s&rsquo;agit de la version d&eacute;finitive, connue sous le nom de &laquo;&nbsp;moushaf de &lsquo;Outhman&nbsp;&raquo;.&nbsp; Cette photo est une courtoisie du Registre international de la M&eacute;moire du monde.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;Un fac-simil&eacute; du moushaf qui se trouve &agrave; Tashkent est disponible &agrave; la Biblioth&egrave;que de l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de Columbia, aux Etats-Unis.<a title=\" The Muslim World, 1940, Vol.30, p.357-358\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftn11688\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cette copie est une preuve que le Coran qui est en circulation, de nos jours, est identique &agrave; celui de l&rsquo;&eacute;poque du Proph&egrave;te.&nbsp; Une copie du moushaf envoy&eacute;e en Syrie (et reproduite avant qu&rsquo;un incendie ne d&eacute;truise la Mosqu&eacute;e Jaami&rsquo;, o&ugrave; elle se trouvait, en 1892)&nbsp; se trouve &eacute;galement au Mus&eacute;e Topkapi d&rsquo;Istanboul&nbsp;<a title=\" Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, p.113\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftn11689\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp;et, un manuscrit ancien, r&eacute;dig&eacute; sur des peaux de gazelle, se trouve &agrave; Dar al-Koutoub as-Soultaniyyah, en &Eacute;gypte.&nbsp; D&rsquo;anciens manuscrits datant de diverses p&eacute;riodes de l&rsquo;histoire islamique trouv&eacute;s &agrave; la Biblioth&egrave;que du Congr&egrave;s, &agrave; Washington, au Mus&eacute;e Chester Beatty, &agrave; Dublin (Irlande) et au Mus&eacute;e de Londres ont &eacute;t&eacute; compar&eacute;s &agrave; ceux de Tashkent, de Turquie et d&rsquo;&Eacute;gypte, et il a &eacute;t&eacute; conclu qu&rsquo;aucun n&rsquo;avait subi la moindre modification et que tous correspondaient au texte original.<a title=\" Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.157\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftn11690\">[14]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;Par ailleurs, l&rsquo;Institut Koranforschung, de l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de Munich (Allemagne) a recueilli pr&egrave;s de 42 000 copies anciennes du Coran, certaines compl&egrave;tes et d&rsquo;autres non.&nbsp; Apr&egrave;s environ cinquante ann&eacute;es de recherches, ils ont rapport&eacute; n&rsquo;avoir trouv&eacute; aucune diff&eacute;rence entre les diff&eacute;rentes copies, &agrave; l&rsquo;exception d&rsquo;erreurs de copistes occasionnelles, qui &eacute;taient faciles &agrave; rep&eacute;rer.&nbsp; Cet institut a malheureusement &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;truit par les bombes durant la deuxi&egrave;me guerre mondiale.<a title=\" Mohammed Hamidullah, Muhammad Rasullullah, Lahore: Idara-e-Islamiat, n.d., p.179.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftn11691\">[15]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;Ainsi, gr&acirc;ce aux efforts des compagnons du Proph&egrave;te, et avec l&rsquo;aide de Dieu, le Coran que nous poss&eacute;dons aujourd&rsquo;hui est r&eacute;cit&eacute; de la m&ecirc;me mani&egrave;re que lors de sa r&eacute;v&eacute;lation.&nbsp; Cela en fait l&rsquo;unique &Eacute;criture religieuse qui soit encore m&eacute;moris&eacute;e compl&egrave;tement et comprise dans sa langue originale.&nbsp; Comme le d&eacute;clarait Sir William Muir&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;<em>Il n&rsquo;existe probablement aucun autre livre, dans le monde, qui soit pass&eacute; &agrave; travers douze si&egrave;cles&nbsp;<\/em>[aujourd&rsquo;hui quatorze]&nbsp;<em>tout en conservant une telle puret&eacute; de texte.<\/em>&nbsp;&raquo;<a title=\" Sir William Muir, Life of Mohamet, London, 1894, Vol.1, Introduction.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftn11692\">[16]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Cela confirme d&rsquo;ailleurs la promesse faite par Dieu, dans le Coran&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;En v&eacute;rit&eacute;, c&rsquo;est Nous qui t&rsquo;avons r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; le Rappel; et c&rsquo;est Nous qui le garderons, certes, (contre toute alt&eacute;ration).&nbsp;&raquo; (Coran 15:9)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le Coran a &eacute;t&eacute; pr&eacute;serv&eacute; &agrave; la fois sous forme orale et sous forme &eacute;crite, comme aucun autre livre ne l&rsquo;a &eacute;t&eacute;; et chaque forme a constitu&eacute; une preuve de l&rsquo;authenticit&eacute; de l&rsquo;autre.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref11677\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Jalal al-Din Suyuti, Al-Itqan fee &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Beirut: Maktab al-Thiqaafiyya, 1973, Vol.1, p.41 &amp; 99.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref11678\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Al-Isabah fee Taymeez as-Sahabah, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1978; Bayard Dodge, The Fihrist of al-Nadeem: A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture, NY: Columbia University Press, 1970, p.53-63.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Muhammad M. Azami, dans Kuttab al-Nabi, Beirut: Al-Maktab al-Islami, 1974, mentionne plus de 48 personnes qui &eacute;crivaient pour le Proph&egrave;te.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref11679\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;Al-Harith al-Muhasabi, Kitab Fahm al-Sunan, cit&eacute; dans Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Vol.1, p.58.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref11680\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahih Al-Boukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith Nos.201 &amp; 509; Vol.9, Hadith No.301.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref11681\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Fath al-Bari, Vol.9, p.10-11.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref11682\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahih Al-Boukhari<\/em>, Vol.6, Hadith No.201.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref11683\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahih Al-Boukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.4, Hadith No.709; Vol.6, Hadith No.507<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref11684\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;John Burton, The Collection of the Quran, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977, p.239-40.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref11685\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref11686\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;Schwally, Geschichte des Qorans, Leipzig: Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1909-38, Vol.2, p.120.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref11687\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;(http:\/\/www.unesco.org.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">I. Mendelsohn, &ldquo;The Columbia University Copy Of The Samarqand Kufic Quran&rdquo;, The Moslem World, 1940, p. 357-358.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A. Jeffery &amp; I. Mendelsohn, &ldquo;The Orthography Of The Samarqand Quran Codex&rdquo;, Journal Of The American Oriental Society, 1942, Volume 62, pp. 175-195.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref11688\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp;The Muslim World, 1940, Vol.30, p.357-358<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref11689\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp;Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, p.113<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref11690\">[14]<\/a>&nbsp;Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.157<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref11691\">[15]<\/a>&nbsp;Mohammed Hamidullah, Muhammad Rasullullah, Lahore: Idara-e-Islamiat, n.d., p.179.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/fr\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref11692\">[16]<\/a>&nbsp;Sir William Muir, Life of Mohamet, London, 1894, Vol.1, Introduction.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":25728,"lft":176,"rght":177,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-26T22:26:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:33:18.000000Z","language_id":9,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":15,"parent_id":135,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"About Qur'an & Hadith","category_slug":"About-Quran-and-Hadith","get_date":"2014-07-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr_Preservation of the Quran.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr_Preservation of the Quran.docx"},{"id":224,"title":"Die Erhaltung des Quran","slug":"die-erhaltung-des-quran","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/de_Preservation of the Quran.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/de_Preservation of the Quran.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:die-erhaltung-des-quran","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Erhaltung des Quran<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Auswendiglernen<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_de\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der pr&auml;chtige Quran, die religi&ouml;se Schrift der Muslime, wurde dem Propheten Muhammad, m&ouml;ge Gott ihn loben, auf arabisch durch den Engel Gabriel offenbart. &nbsp;Die Offenbarung fand St&uuml;ck f&uuml;r St&uuml;ck &uuml;ber einen Zeitraum von 23 Jahren statt, manchmal in kurzen Versen und manchmal in l&auml;ngeren Abschnitten.<a title=\" Muhammad Hamidullah, Introduction to Islam, London: MWH Publishers, 1979, S.17.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftn12482\">[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der Quran (&ldquo;lesen&rdquo; oder &ldquo;Rezitation&rdquo;) ist scharf von den &uuml;berlieferten Aussagen und Taten (Sunnah) des Propheten Muhammads abgegrenzt, die in besonderen B&uuml;chern gesammelt und aufbewahrt wurden und alle zusammen als &ldquo;Ahadith&rdquo; bezeichnet werden (&ldquo;Nachrichten&rdquo;, &ldquo;Bericht&rdquo; oder &ldquo;&Uuml;berlieferung&rdquo;).&nbsp; Wenn er eine Offenbarung erhielt, &uuml;bernahm der Prophet selbst die Verpflichtung, die Botschaft seinen Gef&auml;hrten zu &uuml;bermitteln, indem er die Worte in ihrer Reihenfolge genau so rezitierte, wie er sie geh&ouml;rt hatte.&nbsp; Das ist wichtig, denn dies umfasst sogar Gottes Worte die an ihn pers&ouml;nlich gerichtet waren, zum Beispiel: &ldquo;Qul&rdquo; (&ldquo;Sprich [zu den Menschen], o Muhammad).&nbsp; Der rhythmische Stil und beredte Ausdruck des Quran macht es leicht, ihn auswendig zu lernen.&nbsp; In der Tat bezeichnet Gott diese Eigenschaften als essentiell f&uuml;r seine Erhaltung und Erinnerung (Q. 44:58; 54:17, 22, 32, 40), insbesondere in der arabischen Gesellschaft, die stolz auf ihre Orationen aus l&auml;ngeren poetischen St&uuml;cken war.&nbsp; Michael Zwettler bemerkt, dass:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;in fr&uuml;heren Zeiten, als das Schreiben kaum genutzt wurde, wurde das Auswendiglernen und die m&uuml;ndliche Wiedergabe ge&uuml;bt und verst&auml;rkt bis zu einem Grad, der heutzutage nahezu unbekannt ist.&rdquo;<a title=\" Michael Zwettler, The Oral Tradition of Classical Arabic Poetry, Ohio State Press, 1978, S.14.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftn12483\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Gro&szlig;e Teile der Offenbarung wurden also von einer gro&szlig;en Anzahl von Menschen in der Gemeinschaft des Propheten leicht auswendig gelernt.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der Prophet ermutigte seine Gef&auml;hrten, jeden Vers, der offenbart wurde, auswendig zu lernen und anderen beizubringen.<a title=\" Sahieh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.546.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftn12484\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Es ist ebenfalls bei den regelm&auml;&szlig;igen gottesdienstlichen Handlungen eine Pflicht, aus dem Quran zu rezitieren, insbesondere bei den t&auml;glichen Pflichtgebeten (Salah).&nbsp; Auf diese Weise lernten sie Passagen der Offenbarung, die ihnen h&auml;ufig verlesen wurden, auswendig, erinnerten sie und verwendeten sie in ihren Gebeten.&nbsp; Der gesamte Quran wurde von manchen Gef&auml;hrten des Propheten verbatim (Wort f&uuml;r Wort) auswendig gelernt, unter diesen waren Zaid ibn Thabit, Ubayy ibn Ka&rsquo;b, Muadh ibn Jabal und Abu Zaid.<a title=\" Sahieh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.525.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftn12485\">[4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Aber nicht nur die Worte des Quran wurden auswendig gelernt, sondern auch deren Aussprache und Betonung. Sp&auml;ter entwickelte sich daraus eine eigene Wissenschaft, die Ta\u011fwied genannt wird. &nbsp;Diese Wissenschaft beleuchtet peinlichst genau, wie jeder einzelne Buchstabe betont wird, sowohl das Wort im Ganzen, als auch im Kontext mit anderen Buchstaben oder Worten.&nbsp; Heutzutage k&ouml;nnen wir auf der ganzen Welt Menschen mit unterschiedlichen Sprachen finden, die in der Lage sind, den Quran zu rezitieren, als w&auml;ren sie selbst Araber, die zur Zeit des Propheten gelebt haben.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Au&szlig;erdem wurde die Reihenfolge oder Anordnung vom Propheten selbst vorgenommen und war den Gef&auml;hrten wohlbekannt.<a title=\" Ahmad von Denffer, Ulum al-Quran, The Islamic Foundation, UK, 1983, S.41-42; Arthur Jeffery, Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran, Leiden: Brill, 1937, S.31.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftn12486\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;In jedem Ramadhan wiederholte der Prophet in Gegenwart einer gewissen Zahl seiner Gef&auml;hrten den ganzen Quran, indem er dem Engel Gabriel nachsagte (was dieser rezitierte), in seiner genauen Reihenfolge, soweit er offenbart war.<a title=\" Sahieh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.519.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftn12487\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp; Im Jahr seines Todes rezitierte er ihn zweimal.<a title=\" Sahieh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith Nos.518 &amp; 520.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftn12488\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Auf diese Weise pr&auml;gte sich die Anordnung der Verse in jedem Kapitel und die Reihenfolge der Kapitel in den K&ouml;pfen eines jeden anwesenden Gef&auml;hrten ein.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Als die Gef&auml;hrten sich in die verschiedenen Provinzen mit unterschiedlichen Bev&ouml;lkerungen verstreuten, nahmen sie ihre Rezitationen mit sich, um sie anderen beizubringen.<a title=\" Ibn Hisham, Sierah al-Nabi, Cairo, n.d., Vol.1, S.199.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftn12489\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Auf diese Weise wurde derselbe Quran in den K&ouml;pfen vieler Menschen &uuml;ber weite Fl&auml;chen des Landes verankert.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Tats&auml;chlich wurde das Auswendiglernen des Quran im Verlauf der Jahrhunderte zu einer kontinuierlichen Tradition, mit Zentren \/ Schulen zum Auswendiglernen in der gesamten muslimischen Welt.<a title=\" Labib as-Said, The Recited Koran, &uuml;bersetzt von Morroe Berger, A. Rauf, und Bernard Weiss, Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1975, S.59.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftn12490\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;In diesen Schulen lernen und studieren die Sch&uuml;ler den Quran zusammen mit seinem Ta\u011fwied zu F&uuml;&szlig;en ihres Lehrers, der sich dieses Wissen wiederum von seinem Lehrer angeeignet hat &ndash; eine &ldquo;ununterbrochene Kette&rdquo;, die bis zum Propheten Gottes zur&uuml;ckreicht. &nbsp;Dieser Prozess dauert normalerweise drei bis sechs Jahre.&nbsp; Nachdem die Beherrschung erreicht und die Rezitation auf Fehler oder M&auml;ngel &uuml;berpr&uuml;ft worden ist, wird der Person eine formelle Bescheinigung (I\u011faza) ausgestellt, die best&auml;tigt, dass sie die Regeln der Rezitation beherrscht und den Quran jetzt auf die Art und Weise rezitieren kann, wie er von Muhammad, dem Propeten Gottes rezitiert worden war.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_de\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_1_of_2)_002.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Das Bild zeigt eine typische Bescheinigung (<em>i\u011fjaza<\/em>), die am Ende einer Vervollkommnung der Quranrezitation ausgestellt wird und dem Leser die ununterbrochene Kette von Lehrern, die bis zum Propheten des Islam zur&uuml;ckreicht, &nbsp;bescheinigt.&nbsp; Das Bild oben ist die&nbsp;<em>i\u011fjaza&nbsp;<\/em>von Qari Mishari bin Rashid al-Afasy, einem wohlbekannten Leser aus Kuwait, ausgestellt durch Sheikh Ahmad al-Ziyyat.&nbsp; &nbsp;(http:\/\/www.alafasy.com.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A.T. Welch, ein nicht-muslimischer Orientalist, schreibt:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;F&uuml;r Muslime ist der Quran weit mehr als nur eine Schrift oder heilige Literatur in gew&ouml;hnlichem, westlichen Sinn.&nbsp; Sein erstes besonderes Kennzeichen f&uuml;r die weite Mehrheit der Jahrhunderte war seine m&uuml;ndliche Form, die Form in der er zuerst aufgetaucht war, als die &ldquo;Rezitation&rdquo;, die Muhammad seinen Anh&auml;ngern &uuml;ber einen Zeitraum von &uuml;ber zwanzig Jahren vorgesungen hat...&nbsp; Die Offenbarungen wurden von einigen der Anh&auml;nger Muhammads zu seinen Lebzeiten auswendig gelernt, und die m&uuml;ndliche Weitergabe besitzt seit damals eine anhaltende Tradition, in mancherlei Hinsicht unabh&auml;ngig und vorrangig vor dem geschriebenen Quran.&nbsp; &Uuml;ber die Jahrhunderte hinweg hat sich die m&uuml;ndliche Tradition des gesamten Quran von den professionellen Lesern (Qurraa) aufrechterhalten.&nbsp; Bis jetzt wird die Bedeutung des rezitierten Quran im Westen selten angemessen gesch&auml;tzt.&rdquo;<a title=\" The Encyclopedia of Islam, &lsquo;The Quran in Muslim Life and Thought.&rsquo;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftn12491\">[10]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der Quran ist vielleicht das einzige Buch, religi&ouml;s oder weltlich, das von Millionen Menschen vollst&auml;ndig auswendig gelernt wurde.<a title=\" William Graham, Beyond the Written Word, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993, S.80.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftn12492\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Der f&uuml;hrende Orientalist Kenneth Cragg bedenkt, dass:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;&hellip;dieses Ph&auml;nomen der Quranischen Rezitation bedeutet, dass der Text in einer ungebrochenen lebendigen Sequenz der Fr&ouml;mmigkeit die Jahrhunderte durchquert hat.&nbsp; Deshalb kann er weder wie ein antiquarisches Ding behandelt werden, noch aus weit entfernter Vergangenheit wie ein historisches Dokument.&nbsp; Die Tatsache des Hifdh (Quran auswendig lernen) machte aus dem Quran einen gegenw&auml;rtigen Besitz durch den gesamten Verlauf der muslimischen Zeit hindurch und gab ihm eine menschliche G&uuml;ltigkeit in jeder Generation, die niemals seine Verbannung zu einer blo&szlig;en Autorit&auml;t allein zur Bezugnahme erlaubte.&rdquo;<a title=\" Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, S.26.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftn12493\">[12]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref12482\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Muhammad Hamidullah, Introduction to Islam, London: MWH Publishers, 1979, S.17.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref12483\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Michael Zwettler, The Oral Tradition of Classical Arabic Poetry, Ohio State Press, 1978, S.14.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref12484\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith No.546.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref12485\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith No.525.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref12486\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;Ahmad von Denffer, Ulum al-Quran, The Islamic Foundation, UK, 1983, S.41-42; Arthur Jeffery, Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran, Leiden: Brill, 1937, S.31.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref12487\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith No.519.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref12488\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith Nos.518 &amp; 520.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref12489\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;Ibn Hisham, Sierah al-Nabi, Cairo, n.d., Vol.1, S.199.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref12490\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;Labib as-Said, The Recited Koran, &uuml;bersetzt von Morroe Berger, A. Rauf, und Bernard Weiss, Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1975, S.59.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref12491\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;The Encyclopedia of Islam, &lsquo;The Quran in Muslim Life and Thought.&rsquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref12492\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;William Graham, Beyond the Written Word, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993, S.80.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref12493\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp;Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, S.26.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der geschriebene Quran<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der gesamte Quran wurde in der Zeit der Offenbarung durch manche der Prophetengef&auml;hrten, die des Lesens und Schreibens kundig waren, nachdem der Prophet, m&ouml;ge Gott ihn loben, ihnen die Verse diktiert hatte, ebenfalls auf irgendeine Weise in geschriebener Form berichtet.&nbsp; Der bekannteste von ihnen war Zaid ibn Thabit.<a title=\" Jalal al-Din Suyuti, Al-Itqan fee &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Beirut: Maktab al-Thiqaafiyya, 1973, Vol.1, S.41 &amp; 99.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12494\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Andere dieser ehrbaren Schreiber waren Ubayy ibn Ka&rsquo;b, Ibn Mas&rsquo;ud, Mu&rsquo;awiyah ibn Abi-Sufyan, Khalid ibn Walied und Zubayr ibn Awwam.<a title=\" Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Al-Isabah fee Taymeez as-Sahabah, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1978; Bayard Dodge, The Fihrist of al-Nadeem: A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture, NY: Columbia University Press, 1970, S.53-63. Muhammad M. Azami, in Kuttab al-Nabi, Bei\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12495\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Die Verse wurden auf Leder, Pergament, Scapulae (Schulterbl&auml;tter von Tieren) und den Stengeln von Dattelpalmen niedergeschrieben.<a title=\" Al-Harith al-Muhasabi, Kitab Fahm al-Sunan, cited in Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Vol.1, S.58.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12496\">[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Die Systematisierung (d.h. in &acute;Buchform&acute;) erfolgte bald nach der Schlacht vonYamamah (11AH\/633nChr.), nach dem Tod des Propheten unter dem Khalifat von Abu Bakr. &nbsp;Viele Gef&auml;hrten wurden bei dieser Schlacht zu M&auml;rtyrern und es wurde bef&uuml;rchtet, dass solange kein geschriebenes Exemplar von der gesamten Offenbarung bestehe, m&ouml;glicherweise aufgrund des Todes derjenigen, die sie auswendig kannten, gro&szlig;e Teile des Quran verloren gehen k&ouml;nnten.&nbsp; Auf die Anregung &acute;Umars hin wurde daher Zaid ibn Thabit von Abu Bakr beauftragt, als F&uuml;hrer eines Kommitees die verteilten Berichte des Quran zusamenzutragen und einen Mushaf anzufertigen &ndash; lose Bl&auml;tter, welche die gesamte Offenbarung enthielten.<a title=\" Sahieh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith Nos.201 &amp; 509; Vol.9, Hadith No.301.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12497\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp; Um die Zusammenstellung vor Irrt&uuml;mern zu sch&uuml;tzen, akzeptierte das Kommitee nur Material, das in der Gegenwart des Propheten selbst niedergeschrieben worden war und das von mindestens zwei glaubw&uuml;rdigen Zeugen best&auml;tigt wurde, welche diese fragliche Passage ebenfalls vom Propheten geh&ouml;rt hatten.<a title=\" Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Fath al-Bari, Vol.9, S.10-11.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12498\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp; Einmal vervollst&auml;ndigt und einm&uuml;tig von den Gef&auml;hrten des Propheten angenommen, wurden diese Seiten von dem Khalif Abu Bakr (13AH\/634nChr.) aufbewahrt, dann seinem Nachfolger &acute;Umar (13-23AH\/634-644nChr.) &uuml;berreicht und dann &acute;Umars Tochter und der Witwe des Propheten Hafsa<a title=\" Sahieh Al-Bukhari, Vol.6, Hadith No.201.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12499\">[6]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der dritte Khalif, &acute;Uthman (23AH-35AH\/644-656nChr.) bat Hafsa, ihm die Handschrift des Quran zu schicken, die bei ihr verwahrt war, und er ordnete die Anfertigung mehrerer gebundener Kopien davon an (masaahif,&nbsp;<em>sing<\/em>. mushaf).&nbsp; Mit dieser Aufgabe wurden Zaid ibn Thabit, Abdullah ibn Az-Zubair, Sa&rsquo;ied ibn As-&rsquo;As und Abdur-Rahman ibn Harith ibn Hisham betraut.<a title=\" Sahieh Al-Bukhari Vol.4, Hadith No.709; Vol.6, Hadith No.507\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12500\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp; Nach der Beendigung (im Jahr 25AH\/646nChr.), gab &acute;Uthman Hafsa die Originalhandschrift zur&uuml;ck und schickte die Kopien in die gro&szlig;en islamischen Provinzen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Zahlreiche nicht-muslimische Gelehrte haben das Thema der Zusammen-stellung und Erhaltung des Quran studiert und seine Authenzit&auml;t best&auml;tigt.&nbsp; John Burton stellt am Ende seines stichhaltigen Werkes &uuml;ber die Zusammenstellung des Quran fest, dass der Quran, den wir heute lesen k&ouml;nnen :..<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;&hellip;der Text, der zu uns herabgekommen ist, in der Form, die vom Propheten geordnet und angenommen worden ist ... Was wir heute in den H&auml;nden halten, ist der Mushaf von Muhammad.<a title=\" John Burton, The Collection of the Quran, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977, S.239-40.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12501\">[8]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Kenneth Cragg beschreibt die &Uuml;bermittlung des Quran von der Zeit seiner Offenbarung bis heute als&nbsp;<em>&ldquo;eine ungebrochene Sequenz der Fr&ouml;mmigkeit.&rdquo;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em><a title=\" Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, S.26.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12502\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;Schwally tr&auml;gt dazu bei:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;Was die unterschiedlichen Teile der Offenbarung betrifft, k&ouml;nnen wir zufrieden sein, dass ihr Text allgemein exakt &uuml;bermittelt worden ist, so wie er im Erbe des Propheten vorgefunden wurde.&rdquo;<a title=\" Schwally, Geschichte des Qorans, Leipzig: Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1909-38, Vol.2, S.120.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12503\">[10]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Die historische Glaubw&uuml;rdigkeit des Quran wird desweiteren durch die Tatsache best&auml;tigt, dass eine der Kopien, die der Khalif &acute;Uthman verschickte, noch heute erhalten ist. &nbsp;Sie liegt im Museum der Stadt Tashkent in Uzbekistan, Zentralasien.<a title=\" Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, S.117; Isma&rsquo;il Makhdum, Tarikh al-Mushaf al-Uthmani fi Tashqand, Tashkent: Al-Idara al-Diniya, 1971, S.22ff.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12504\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Gem&auml;&szlig; dem &ldquo;Memory of the World Program&rdquo;, UNESCO, einem Zweig der Vereinten Nationen,&nbsp;<em>&ldquo;handelt es sich um die definitive Version, bekannt als der Mushaf des &acute;Uthman.&rdquo;<\/em><a title=\" (http:\/\/www.unesco.org.)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12505\">[12]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/webworld\/mdm\/1997\/eng\/uzbekistan\/reading.html#1\"><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Diese Handschrift aus dem &ldquo;Muslim Board&rdquo; in Uzbekistan, ist die &auml;lteste geschriebene Version des Quran.&nbsp; Es handelt sich um die definitive Version, bekannt als &ldquo;der Mushaf des &acute;Uthman&rdquo;.&nbsp; Bild aus dem &ldquo;Memory of the World Register&rdquo; der UNESCO.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_cn\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_2_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Eine Reproduktion des Mushaf von Tashkent liegt der Columbia Universit&auml;ts-Bibliothek in den US.<a title=\" The Muslim World, 1940, Vol.30, S.357-358\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12506\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Diese Kopie ist der Beweis daf&uuml;r, dass der Text des Quran, der heute im Umlauf ist, mit dem aus der Zeit des Propheten und seiner Gef&auml;hrten identisch ist. &nbsp;Eine Kopie des Mushaf wurde nach Syrien geschickt. (und ein Duplikat angefertigt, bevor ein Feuer 1310AH\/1892nChr. Die \u011eaami&acute; Mas\u011fid zerst&ouml;rte, wo er aufbewahrt wurde) und existiert noch im Topkapi Museum in Istanbul<a title=\" Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, S.113\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12507\">[14]<\/a>, und ein fr&uuml;hes Manuskript auf Gazellenpergament existiert im Dar al-Kutub as-Sultaniyyah in &Auml;gypten.&nbsp; Noch &auml;ltere Handschriften aus allen Zeitaltern der islamischen Geschichte wurden in der Kongressbibliothek in Washington, im Chester Beatty Museum in Dublin (Irland) und im Londoner Museum gefunden und mit denen von Tashkent, der T&uuml;rkei und &Auml;gypten mit dem Ergebnis verglichen, dass es seit der Zeit, in der das Original aufgeschrieben worden war, keine Ver&auml;nderungen im Text gegeben hat.<a title=\" Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, S.157\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12508\">[15]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Das Institut f&uuml;r Koranforschung an der Universit&auml;t M&uuml;nchen sammelte beispielsweise &uuml;ber 42 000 vollst&auml;ndige oder unvollst&auml;ndige alte Kopien des Quran.&nbsp; Nach ungef&auml;hr f&uuml;nfzig Jahren Forschung berichteten sie, dass es zwischen den einzelnen Exemplaren keinerlei Unterschiede gab, au&szlig;er manche Fl&uuml;chtigkeitsfehler des Schreibers, sie leicht festzustellen waren.&nbsp; Dieses Institut wurde ungl&uuml;cklicherweise im Zweiten Weltkrieg durch Bomben zerst&ouml;rt.<a title=\" Mohammed Hamidullah, Muhammad Rasullullah, Lahore: Idara-e-Islamiat, n.d., S.179.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12509\">[16]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dank der Anstrengungen der fr&uuml;hen Gef&auml;hrten und mit Gottes Beistand wird der Quran, wie wir ihn heute haben, geauso rezitiert, wie er offenbart wurde. &nbsp;Dies macht ihn zu der einzigen religi&ouml;sen Schrift, die noch immer vollst&auml;ndig erhalten geblieben und in ihrer Originalsprache zu verstehen ist.&nbsp; Es ist in der Tat so, wie William Muir feststellt:&nbsp;<em>&ldquo;Es gibt wahrscheinlich kein anderes Buch auf der Welt, das zw&ouml;lf &nbsp;(jetzt vierzehn) Jahrhundete mit einem so reinen Text erhalten geblieben ist.&rdquo;<\/em><a title=\" Sir William Muir, Life of Mohamet, London, 1894, Vol.1, Einleitung.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftn12510\">[17]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der oben beschriebene Beweis best&auml;tigt Gottes Versprechen im Quran:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Wahrlich, Wir selbst haben diese Ermahnung herabgesandt, und sicherlich werden Wir ihr H&uuml;ter sein.&rdquo; (Quran 15:9)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der Quran wurde sowohl in m&uuml;ndlicher als auch in schriftlicher Form erhalten wie kein anderes Buch, und jede Form stellt eine M&ouml;glichkeit zur &Uuml;berpr&uuml;fung und ein Beweis f&uuml;r die Authentizit&auml;t der anderen dar.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12494\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Jalal al-Din Suyuti, Al-Itqan fee &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Beirut: Maktab al-Thiqaafiyya, 1973, Vol.1, S.41 &amp; 99.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12495\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Al-Isabah fee Taymeez as-Sahabah, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1978; Bayard Dodge, The Fihrist of al-Nadeem: A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture, NY: Columbia University Press, 1970, S.53-63. Muhammad M. Azami, in Kuttab al-Nabi, Beirut: Al-Maktab al-Islami, 1974, erw&auml;hnt tats&auml;chlich 48 Personen, die f&uuml;r den Propheten aufzuschreiben pflegten.(p).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12496\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;Al-Harith al-Muhasabi, Kitab Fahm al-Sunan, cited in Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Vol.1, S.58.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12497\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith Nos.201 &amp; 509; Vol.9, Hadith No.301.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12498\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Fath al-Bari, Vol.9, S.10-11.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12499\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>, Vol.6, Hadith No.201.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12500\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahieh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.4, Hadith No.709; Vol.6, Hadith No.507<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12501\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;John Burton, The Collection of the Quran, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977, S.239-40.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12502\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, S.26.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12503\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;Schwally, Geschichte des Qorans, Leipzig: Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1909-38, Vol.2, S.120.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12504\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, S.117; Isma&rsquo;il Makhdum, Tarikh al-Mushaf al-Uthmani fi Tashqand, Tashkent: Al-Idara al-Diniya, 1971, S.22ff.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12505\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp;(http:\/\/www.unesco.org.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">I. Mendelsohn, &ldquo;The Columbia University Copy Of The Samarqand Kufic Quran&rdquo;, The Moslem World, 1940, S. 357-358.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A. Jeffery &amp; I. Mendelsohn, &ldquo;The Orthography Of The Samarqand Quran Codex&rdquo;, Journal Of The American Oriental Society, 1942, Volume 62, S. 175-195.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12506\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp;The Muslim World, 1940, Vol.30, S.357-358<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12507\">[14]<\/a>&nbsp;Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, S.113<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12508\">[15]<\/a>&nbsp;Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, S.157<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12509\">[16]<\/a>&nbsp;Mohammed Hamidullah, Muhammad Rasullullah, Lahore: Idara-e-Islamiat, n.d., S.179.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/de\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref12510\">[17]<\/a>&nbsp;Sir William Muir, Life of Mohamet, London, 1894, Vol.1, Einleitung.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":18530,"lft":178,"rght":179,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-26T22:26:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:25:26.000000Z","language_id":7,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":15,"parent_id":135,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"About Qur'an & Hadith","category_slug":"About-Quran-and-Hadith","get_date":"2014-07-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de_Preservation of the Quran.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de_Preservation of the Quran.docx"},{"id":225,"title":"\u0421\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430","slug":"-78","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru_Preservation of the Quran.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru_Preservation of the Quran.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:-78","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u0421\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0417\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_ru\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_1_of_2)._001.jpg\" alt=\"Preservation-of-the-Quran\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d &ndash; \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u041f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d, \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0443, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0414\u0436\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u044f (\u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u0438\u043b\u0430).&nbsp; \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0418\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u044f\u0442\u044b, \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430&nbsp; - \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0440\u044b.<a title=\" \u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c (Introduction to Islam, London: MWH Publishers, 1979, p.17)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftn18686\">[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d (\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 &ndash; &laquo;\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435&raquo;) \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0421\u0443\u043d\u043d\u044b &ndash; \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442. \u0421\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0410\u0445\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441 (\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e &laquo;\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f&raquo;).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043b \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f: &laquo;\u041a\u0443\u043b\u044c!&raquo; (\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c, \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434!). \u0420\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0410 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d&nbsp; 44:58; 54:17, 22, 32, 40) &ndash; \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438.&nbsp; \u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043b \u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;\u0412 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f&raquo;&nbsp;<a title=\" \u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043b \u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440 ( The Oral Tradition of Classical Arabic Poetry) \" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftn18687\">[2]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c,&nbsp; \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u044f\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c.<a title=\" \u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u2116 546.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftn18688\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp; \u0427\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u044f\u0442\u044b \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445. \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0417\u0430\u0439\u0434 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0421\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442, \u0423\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u041a\u0430&rsquo;\u0430\u0431, \u041c\u0443\u0430\u0437 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0414\u0436\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c, \u0410\u0431\u0443 \u0417\u0430\u0439\u0434.<a title=\" &nbsp;\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u2116 525.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftn18689\">[4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0414\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0443&nbsp;<em>\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0432\u0438\u0434<\/em>. \u0422\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u044b \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u0430\u043c \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0430\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0440 \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438.<a title=\" \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u0444\u043e\u043d \u0414\u0435\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440 (Ulum al-Quran, The Islamic Foundation, UK, 1983, p.41-42; Arthur Jeffery, Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran, Leiden: Brill, 1937, p.31.)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftn18690\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0412 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430 \u0420\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u043b \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0414\u0436\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0430\u044f\u0442\u044b \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430&nbsp; \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435.<a title=\" \u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u2116 519.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftn18691\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp; \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043b \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b.<a title=\" &nbsp;\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u2116 518 \u0438 520.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftn18692\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp; \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0430\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0443\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0420\u0430\u0437\u044a\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e.<a title=\" \u0418\u0431\u043d \u0425\u0438\u0448\u0430\u043c (\u0421\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u044c-\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438). \" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftn18693\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp; \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0417\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0443\u044e\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u044b, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f-\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f\u043b \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f &ndash; \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043f\u044c, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442.<a title=\" \u041b\u044f\u0431\u0438\u0431 \u0410\u0441-\u0421\u0430\u0438\u0434 (The Recited Koran). \" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftn18694\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp; \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f 3-6 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u041f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0434\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0430) \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_ru\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_1_of_2)._002.jpg\" alt=\"ejaza_1\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;\u0418\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043a \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u041c\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043d \u0420\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0434 \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0410\u0444\u0430\u0441\u0438 &nbsp;-&nbsp; \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u041a\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0430. \u0412\u044b\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0445\u043e\u043c \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0417\u0430\u0439\u044f\u0442.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434 \u0410. \u0422. \u0423\u044d\u043b\u0447 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438&nbsp; \u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435, \u0442\u043e\u0439, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043d&nbsp; \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442&hellip; \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439, \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435, \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430&hellip; \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u0446\u044b (\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0440\u0430) \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d. \u0414\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435&raquo;.<a title=\" \u042d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 &laquo;\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430&raquo; (The Encyclopedia of Islam, &lsquo;The Quran in Muslim Life and Thought.)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftn18695\">[10]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, &ndash; \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 (\u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445), \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439.<a title=\" &nbsp;\u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043c \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043c&nbsp; ( Beyond the Written Word, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p.80)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftn18696\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp; \u0412\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434 \u041a\u044d\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u041a\u0440\u044d\u0433 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;&hellip;\u0424\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u0410 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e.&nbsp; \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 (\u0445\u0438\u0444\u0437) \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044f \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a&raquo;<a title=\" &nbsp;\u041a\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u041a\u0440\u044d\u0433 (The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftn18697\">[12]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref18686\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432&nbsp;\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c (Introduction to Islam, London: MWH Publishers, 1979, p.17)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref18687\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;\u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043b \u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440 ( The Oral Tradition of Classical Arabic Poetry)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref18688\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438&nbsp;<\/em>\u2116 546.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref18689\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438&nbsp;<\/em>\u2116 525.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref18690\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0410\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u0444\u043e\u043d&nbsp;\u0414\u0435\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440 (Ulum al-Quran, The Islamic Foundation, UK, 1983, p.41-42; Arthur Jeffery, Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran, Leiden: Brill, 1937, p.31.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref18691\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u2116 519.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref18692\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u2116<\/em>&nbsp;518 \u0438 520.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref18693\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0418\u0431\u043d \u0425\u0438\u0448\u0430\u043c (\u0421\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u044c-\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref18694\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;\u041b\u044f\u0431\u0438\u0431 \u0410\u0441-\u0421\u0430\u0438\u0434&nbsp;(The Recited Koran).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref18695\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;\u042d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430&nbsp;&laquo;\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0432&nbsp;\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0445&nbsp;\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430&raquo; (The Encyclopedia of Islam, &lsquo;The Quran in Muslim Life and Thought.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref18696\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043c&nbsp;\u0413\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043c&nbsp; ( Beyond the Written Word, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p.80)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref18697\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u041a\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0442&nbsp;\u041a\u0440\u044d\u0433&nbsp;(The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0420\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u044f\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0415\u0449\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0417\u0435\u0439\u0434 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0421\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0446\u044b &ndash; \u0423\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u041a\u0430\u0430\u0431, \u0418\u0431\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0441&rsquo;\u0443\u0434, \u041c\u0443\u0430\u0443\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0438 \u0421\u0443\u0444\u044c\u044f\u043d, \u0425\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0423\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434, \u0417\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0440 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0410\u0443\u0430\u043c.<a title=\" \u0418\u0431\u043d \u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0440 (Al-Isabah fee Taymeez as-Sahabah, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1978; Bayard Dodge, The Fihrist of al-Nadeem: A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture, NY: Columbia University Press, 1970, p.53-63. Muhammad M. Azami, in Kuttab al-Nabi, Beirut: Al-Makt\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftn18645\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;\u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u044f\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043c.<a title=\" Al-Harith al-Muhasabi, Kitab Fahm al-Sunan, cited in Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Vol.1, p.58.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftn18646\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u042f\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0435 (11 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u0445\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0440\u0435 \/633 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u043d.\u044d.) \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0435 \u0410\u0431\u0443 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435. \u0412 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0431\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u041f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435 \u0423\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430, \u0410\u0431\u0443 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0417\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0421\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d&nbsp;<em>\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0445\u0430\u0444<\/em>&nbsp;&ndash; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<a title=\" \u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438 (Vol.6, Hadith Nos.201 &amp; 509; Vol.9, Hadith No.301).\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftn18647\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp; \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u044f\u0442\u044b.<a title=\" \u0418\u0431\u043d \u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0440 (Fath al-Bari, Vol.9, p.10-11).\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftn18648\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u0445\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0430 \u0410\u0431\u0443 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0430 (\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432 13 \u0433. \u043f\u043e \u0445\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0440\u0435\/634 \u0433.\u043d.\u044d.), \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u0445\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0443 \u0423\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0443 (\u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 13-23 \u043f\u043e \u0445\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0440\u0435\/634-644 \u0433.\u043d.\u044d.), \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0423\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430 &ndash; \u043a \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0444\u0441\u0435.<a title=\" \u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438 (Vol.6, Hadith No.201).\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftn18649\">[5]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0414\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435, \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0430 \u0423\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 (\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 23-35 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0445\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0440\u0435\/644-656 \u0433.\u043d.\u044d.) \u0425\u0430\u0444\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043c\u0443. \u0423\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0439. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0417\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0421\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0443, \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0435 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0410\u0437-\u0417\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0440\u0443, \u0421\u0430\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0410\u0441&rsquo;\u0430\u0441\u0443 \u0438 \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443 \u0438\u0431\u043d&nbsp; \u0425\u0438\u0448\u0430\u043c\u0443.<a title=\" \u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438, \u2116 709, 507\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftn18650\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp; \u041f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b (\u0432 25 \u0433. \u043f\u043e \u0445\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0440\u0435 \/646 \u0433.\u043d.\u044d.), \u0423\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0425\u0430\u0444\u0441\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043b \u043a \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443: &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;&hellip; \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043b \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a&hellip; \u0422\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f, &ndash; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0445\u0430\u0444 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430&raquo;&nbsp;<a title=\" \u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d (The Collection of the Quran, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977, p.239-40)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftn18651\">[7]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041f\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c \u041a\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u044d\u0433\u0430, \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 &ndash; \u044d\u0442\u043e &laquo;&hellip;\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f&raquo;<a title=\" &nbsp;\u041a\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u041a\u0440\u044d\u0433 ( The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftn18652\">[8]<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0428\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0435:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430&raquo;<a title=\" \u0428\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438 (Geschichte des Qorans, Leipzig: Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1909-38, Vol.2, p.120)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftn18653\">[9]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0445\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u043e\u043c \u0423\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0422\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432 \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435.<a title=\" \u042e\u0441\u0443\u0444 \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u041d\u0443\u0440 (Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, p.117; Isma&rsquo;il Makhdum, Tarikh al-Mushaf al-Uthmani fi Tashqand, Tashkent: Al-Idara al-Diniya, 1971, p.22ff)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftn18654\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435 &laquo;\u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430&raquo;, \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u042e\u041d\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: &laquo;\u0411\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \"\u041c\u0443\u0441\u0445\u0430\u0444 \u0423\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\"&raquo;<a title=\" (http:\/\/www.unesco.org.)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftn18655\">[11]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_cn\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_2_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0435 \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430, &ndash; \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u042d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \"\u041c\u0443\u0441\u0445\u0430\u0444 \u0423\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\". &nbsp;\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043e\u0439 &laquo;\u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0430&raquo; \u042e\u041d\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044e \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0422\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410.<a title=\" &nbsp;\u041c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0440 (The Muslim World, 1940, Vol.30, p.357-358)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftn18656\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp; \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0445\u0430\u0444\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0438\u0440\u0438\u044e (\u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0432 1310 \u0433. \u043f\u043e \u0445\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0440\u0435\/1892 \u0433.\u043d.\u044d., \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0414\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0438&rsquo;,&nbsp; \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c), \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0435 \u0422\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430\u043f\u044b \u0432 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0435.<a title=\" \u042e\u0441\u0443\u0444 \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u041d\u0443\u0440 (Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, p.113)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftn18657\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0415\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0414\u0430\u0440\u0443\u043b\u044c-\u041a\u0443\u0442\u0443\u0431 \u0430\u0441-\u0421\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0435. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0435, \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0435 \u0427\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0414\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435 (\u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f) \u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0435 \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0422\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435, \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0435. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435.<a title=\" \u0411\u0438\u043b\u044f\u043b\u044c \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043f\u0441 (Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.157)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftn18658\">[14]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0412 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u041c\u044e\u043d\u0445\u0435\u043d\u0430 (\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f) \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 42 000 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. &nbsp;\u041a \u0441\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b.<a title=\" \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u0425\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0434\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0430 (Muhammad Rasullullah, Lahore: Idara-e-Islamiat, n.d., p.179)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftn18659\">[15]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0422\u0430\u043a, \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d, \u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e. \u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u041f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0414\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u044d\u0440 \u0423\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043c \u041c\u044c\u044e\u0438\u0440:&nbsp;<em>&laquo;\u0421\u0443\u0434\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432 (\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c &ndash; \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c)&raquo;&nbsp;<\/em><a title=\" \u0421\u044d\u0440 \u0423\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043c \u041c\u044c\u044e\u0440, &laquo;\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430&raquo;.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftn18660\">[16]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0421\u0430\u043c \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo; \u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u041c\u044b \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u041c\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c&raquo; (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d 15:9).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref18645\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0418\u0431\u043d&nbsp;\u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0440&nbsp;(Al-Isabah fee Taymeez as-Sahabah, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1978; Bayard Dodge, The Fihrist of al-Nadeem: A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture, NY: Columbia University Press, 1970, p.53-63. Muhammad M. Azami, in Kuttab al-Nabi, Beirut: Al-Maktab al-Islami, 1974, in fact mentions 48 persons who used to write for the Prophet (p)).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref18646\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Al-Harith al-Muhasabi, Kitab Fahm al-Sunan, cited in Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Vol.1, p.58.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref18647\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445&nbsp;\u0430\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438&nbsp;<em>(<\/em>Vol.6, Hadith Nos.201 &amp; 509; Vol.9, Hadith No.301).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref18648\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0418\u0431\u043d&nbsp;\u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0440 (Fath al-Bari, Vol.9, p.10-11).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref18649\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445&nbsp;\u0430\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438 (Vol.6, Hadith No.201).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref18650\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0410\u043b\u044c-\u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438, \u2116 709, 507<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref18651\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d (The Collection of the Quran, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977, p.239-40)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref18652\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u041a\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0442&nbsp;\u041a\u0440\u044d\u0433&nbsp;( The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref18653\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0428\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438 (Geschichte des Qorans, Leipzig: Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1909-38, Vol.2, p.120)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref18654\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;\u042e\u0441\u0443\u0444 \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c&nbsp;\u0410\u043b\u044c-\u041d\u0443\u0440 (Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, p.117; Isma&rsquo;il Makhdum, Tarikh al-Mushaf al-Uthmani fi Tashqand, Tashkent: Al-Idara al-Diniya, 1971, p.22ff)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref18655\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;(http:\/\/www.unesco.org.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0418.\u041c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043e\u043d&nbsp;&nbsp;(The Columbia University Copy Of The Samarqand Kufic Quran, The Moslem World, 1940, p. 357-358)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0410. \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0444\u0444\u0440\u0438&nbsp;\u0438 \u0418. \u041c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043e\u043d, (The Orthography Of The Samarqand Quran Codex&rdquo;, Journal Of The American Oriental Society, 1942, Volume 62, pp. 175-195)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref18656\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u041c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439&nbsp;\u041c\u0438\u0440 (The Muslim World, 1940, Vol.30, p.357-358)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref18657\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp;\u042e\u0441\u0443\u0444 \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c&nbsp;\u0410\u043b\u044c-\u041d\u0443\u0440 (Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, p.113)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref18658\">[14]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0411\u0438\u043b\u044f\u043b\u044c \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043f\u0441 (Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.157)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref18659\">[15]<\/a>&nbsp;\u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u0425\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0434\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0430 (Muhammad Rasullullah, Lahore: Idara-e-Islamiat, n.d., p.179)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/ru\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref18660\">[16]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0421\u044d\u0440 \u0423\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043c \u041c\u044c\u044e\u0440, &laquo;\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430&raquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":18147,"lft":180,"rght":181,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-26T22:26:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T20:21:44.000000Z","language_id":5,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":15,"parent_id":135,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"About Qur'an & Hadith","category_slug":"About-Quran-and-Hadith","get_date":"2014-07-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru_Preservation of the Quran.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru_Preservation of the Quran.docx"},{"id":226,"title":"Preserva\u00e7\u00e3o do Alcor\u00e3o","slug":"preservao-do-alcoro","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/pr_Preservation of the Quran.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/pr_Preservation of the Quran.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:preservao-do-alcoro","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\">Preserva&ccedil;&atilde;o do Alcor&atilde;o<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Memoriza&ccedil;&atilde;o<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_pt\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O Glorioso Alcor&atilde;o, a Escritura religiosa dos mu&ccedil;ulmanos, foi revelada em &aacute;rabe ao Profeta Muhammad, que Deus o exalte, atrav&eacute;s do anjo Gabriel.&nbsp; A revela&ccedil;&atilde;o ocorreu aos poucos, durante um per&iacute;odo de vinte e tr&ecirc;s anos, &agrave;s vezes em vers&iacute;culos breves e &agrave;s vezes em cap&iacute;tulos mais longos.<a title=\" Muhammad Hamidullah, Introduction to Islam (Introdu&ccedil;&atilde;o ao Isl&atilde;), Londres: MWH Publishers, 1979, p.17.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftn13687\">[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O Alcor&atilde;o (literalmente uma &ldquo;leitura&rdquo; ou &ldquo;recita&ccedil;&atilde;o&rdquo;) &eacute; diferente dos ditos e atos registrados (Sunnah) do Profeta Muhammad, que est&atilde;o preservados em um conjunto separado de literatura chamado coletivamente de &ldquo;Ahadith&rdquo; (literalmente &ldquo;not&iacute;cias&rdquo;; &ldquo;relato&rdquo;; ou &ldquo;narra&ccedil;&atilde;o&rdquo;).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ao receber a revela&ccedil;&atilde;o, o Profeta se engajou no dever de transmitir a mensagem a seus Companheiros atrav&eacute;s da recita&ccedil;&atilde;o das palavras exatas que ele ouviu, em sua ordem exata.&nbsp; Isso &eacute; evidente em sua inclus&atilde;o das palavras de Deus que foram direcionadas especificamente para ele, por exemplo: &ldquo;Qul&rdquo; (&ldquo;Dize [&agrave;s pessoas, &Oacute; Muhammad]&rdquo;)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;O estilo r&iacute;tmico do Alcor&atilde;o e a express&atilde;o eloq&uuml;ente o tornam f&aacute;cil de memorizar.&nbsp; De fato, Deus descreve essa como uma das qualidades essenciais para preserva&ccedil;&atilde;o e lembran&ccedil;a (Alcor&atilde;o 44:58; 54:17,22,32,40), particularmente em uma sociedade &aacute;rabe que se gabava em discursos de longos trechos de poesia.&nbsp; Michael Zwettler destaca que:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;nos tempos antigos, quando a escrita raramente era usada, a mem&oacute;ria e a transmiss&atilde;o oral eram exercitadas e fortalecidas a um n&iacute;vel quase desconhecido agora.&rdquo;<a title=\" Michael Zwettler, The Oral Tradition of Classical Arabic Poetry (A Tradi&ccedil;&atilde;o Oral da Poesia &Aacute;rabe Cl&aacute;ssica), Ohio State Press, 1978, p.14.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftn13688\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Grandes por&ccedil;&otilde;es da revela&ccedil;&atilde;o foram ent&atilde;o facilmente memorizadas por um grande n&uacute;mero de pessoas na comunidade do Profeta.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O Profeta encorajava seus Companheiros a aprender cada vers&iacute;culo que era revelado e transmiti-lo aos outros.<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.546.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftn13689\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp; Tamb&eacute;m era exigido recitar regularmente o Alcor&atilde;o como um ato de adora&ccedil;&atilde;o, especialmente durante as ora&ccedil;&otilde;es meditativas diurnas (salah).&nbsp; Atrav&eacute;s desses meios, muitos ouviam repetidamente passagens da revela&ccedil;&atilde;o que lhes eram recitadas, as memorizavam e a usavam na ora&ccedil;&atilde;o.&nbsp; O Alcor&atilde;o inteiro foi memorizado palavra por palavra por alguns dos Companheiros do Profeta.&nbsp; Entre eles estavam Zaid ibn Thabit, Ubayy ibn Ka&rsquo;b, Muadh ibn Jabal, e Abu Zaid.<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.525.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftn13690\">[4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">N&atilde;o apenas as palavras do Alcor&atilde;o eram memorizadas, mas tamb&eacute;m suas pron&uacute;ncias, uma pr&aacute;tica que se transformou em uma ci&ecirc;ncia chamada Tajweed.&nbsp; Essa ci&ecirc;ncia elucida meticulosamente como cada letra deve ser pronunciada, e tamb&eacute;m a palavra como um todo, inclusive no contexto de outras letras e palavras.&nbsp; Hoje, podemos encontrar pessoas de diferentes idiomas capazes de recitar o Alcor&atilde;o como se fossem &aacute;rabes, vivendo durante o tempo do Profeta.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Al&eacute;m disso, a seq&uuml;&ecirc;ncia ou ordem do Alcor&atilde;o foi organizada pelo pr&oacute;prio Profeta e tamb&eacute;m era bem conhecida pelos Companheiros.<a title=\" Ahmad von Denffer, Ulum al-Quran, The Islamic Foundation, UK, 1983, p.41-42; Arthur Jeffery, Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran (Materiais para a Hist&oacute;ria do Texto do Alcor&atilde;o), Leiden: Brill, 1937, p.31.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftn13691\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp; Cada Ramad&atilde;, o Profeta repetia ap&oacute;s o anjo Gabriel (recitando) o Alcor&atilde;o inteiro em sua ordem exata at&eacute; o ponto em que tinha sido revelado, quando na presen&ccedil;a de um grupo de seus Companheiros.<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.519.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftn13692\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp; No ano de sua morte, ele o recitou duas vezes.<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith Nos.518 &amp; 520.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftn13693\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp; Por causa disso, a ordem dos vers&iacute;culos em cada cap&iacute;tulo e a ordem dos cap&iacute;tulos foi refor&ccedil;ada nas mem&oacute;rias de cada um dos Companheiros presente.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Como os Companheiros se espalharam por v&aacute;rias prov&iacute;ncias com popula&ccedil;&otilde;es diferentes, eles levaram com eles suas recita&ccedil;&otilde;es para poder instruir outros.<a title=\" Ibn Hisham, Seerah al-Nabi, Cairo, n.d., Vol.1, p.199.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftn13694\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp; Dessa forma, o mesmo Alcor&atilde;o ficou amplamente retido nas mem&oacute;rias de muitas pessoas atrav&eacute;s de &aacute;reas de terra vastas e diversas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">De fato, a memoriza&ccedil;&atilde;o do Alcor&atilde;o se transformou em uma tradi&ccedil;&atilde;o cont&iacute;nua ao longo dos s&eacute;culos, com centros\/escolas para memoriza&ccedil;&atilde;o sendo estabelecidas em todo o mundo mu&ccedil;ulmano.<a title=\" Labib as-Said, The Recited Koran (O Alcor&atilde;o Recitado), traduzido por Morroe Berger, A. Rauf, e Bernard Weiss, Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1975, p.59.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftn13695\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp; Nessas escolas, os alunos aprendem e memorizam o Alcor&atilde;o junto com seu Tajweed, aos p&eacute;s de um mestre que, por sua vez, adquiriu o conhecimento de seu professor, uma &lsquo;cadeia ininterrupta&rsquo; que remonta ao Profeta de Deus.&nbsp; O processo geralmente leva 3-6 anos.&nbsp; Ap&oacute;s o dom&iacute;nio ser alcan&ccedil;ado e a recita&ccedil;&atilde;o checada para verifica&ccedil;&atilde;o da aus&ecirc;ncia de erros, concede-se uma licen&ccedil;a formal (ijaza) &agrave; pessoa, certificando que ela domina as regras de recita&ccedil;&atilde;o e pode agora recitar o Alcor&atilde;o da forma que era recitado por Muhammad, o Profeta de Deus.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_pt\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_1_of_2)_002.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A imagem &eacute; uma licen&ccedil;a t&iacute;pica (<em>ijaza<\/em>) emitida no fim do aperfei&ccedil;oamento da recita&ccedil;&atilde;o do Alcor&atilde;o certificando a cadeia ininterrupta de instrutores do recitador que remonta ao Profeta do Isl&atilde;.&nbsp; A imagem acima &eacute; o certificado&nbsp;<em>ijaza<\/em>&nbsp;do Qari Mishari bin Rashid al-Afasy, um conhecido recitador do Kuwait, emitido pelo Sheikh Ahmad al-Ziyyat. &nbsp;&nbsp;A imagem &eacute; cortesia de (http:\/\/www.alafasy.com)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A.T. Welch, um orientalista n&atilde;o-mu&ccedil;ulmano, escreve:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;Para os mu&ccedil;ulmanos o Alcor&atilde;o &eacute; muito mais do que escritura ou literatura sagrada no sentido usual ocidental.&nbsp; Sua signific&acirc;ncia fundamental para a vasta maioria atrav&eacute;s de s&eacute;culos tem sido sua forma oral, a forma na qual ele primeiro apareceu, como a &ldquo;recita&ccedil;&atilde;o&rdquo; entoada por Muhammad a seus seguidores por um per&iacute;odo de aproximadamente vinte anos... As revela&ccedil;&otilde;es foram memorizadas por alguns dos seguidores de Muhammad durante a sua vida, e a tradi&ccedil;&atilde;o oral que foi estabelecida teve uma hist&oacute;ria cont&iacute;nua desde ent&atilde;o, em algumas formas independente de, e superior a, o Alcor&atilde;o escrito... Atrav&eacute;s dos s&eacute;culos a tradi&ccedil;&atilde;o oral de todo o Alcor&atilde;o tem sido mantida por recitadores profissionais (qurraa).&nbsp; At&eacute; recentemente, a signific&acirc;ncia do Alcor&atilde;o recitado raramente foi apreciada no Ocidente.&rdquo;<a title=\" The Encyclopedia of Islam (Enciclop&eacute;dia do Isl&atilde;), &lsquo;The Quran in Muslim Life and Thought (O Alcor&atilde;o na Vida e Pensamento Mu&ccedil;ulmano).&rsquo;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftn13696\">[10]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O Alcor&atilde;o &eacute; talvez o &uacute;nico livro, religioso ou secular, que foi memorizado completamente por milh&otilde;es de pessoas.<a title=\" William Graham, Beyond the Written Word (Al&eacute;m da Palavra Escrita), UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p.80.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftn13697\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp; O famoso orientalista Kenneth Cragg reflete que:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;...esse fen&ocirc;meno da recita&ccedil;&atilde;o cor&acirc;nica significa que o texto atravessou os s&eacute;culos em uma seq&uuml;&ecirc;ncia viva ininterrupta de devo&ccedil;&atilde;o.&nbsp; N&atilde;o pode, portanto, ser tratado como uma pe&ccedil;a de antiqu&aacute;rio, nem como um documento hist&oacute;rico de um passado distante.&nbsp; O hifdh (memoriza&ccedil;&atilde;o cor&acirc;nica) fez do Alcor&atilde;o um bem presente durante todo o per&iacute;odo de tempo isl&acirc;mico e deu a ele uma transmiss&atilde;o humana a cada gera&ccedil;&atilde;o, n&atilde;o permitindo que ficasse relegado &agrave; posi&ccedil;&atilde;o de mera autoridade para simples refer&ecirc;ncia.&rdquo;&nbsp;<a title=\" Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran (A Mente do Alcor&atilde;o), Londres: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftn13698\">[12]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref13687\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Muhammad Hamidullah, Introduction to Islam (<em>Introdu&ccedil;&atilde;o ao Isl&atilde;<\/em>), Londres: MWH Publishers, 1979, p.17.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref13688\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Michael Zwettler, The Oral Tradition of Classical Arabic Poetry (<em>A Tradi&ccedil;&atilde;o Oral da Poesia &Aacute;rabe Cl&aacute;ssica<\/em>), Ohio State Press, 1978, p.14.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref13689\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith No.546.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref13690\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.525.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref13691\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;Ahmad von Denffer, Ulum al-Quran, The Islamic Foundation, UK, 1983, p.41-42; Arthur Jeffery, Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran (<em>Materiais para a Hist&oacute;ria do Texto do Alcor&atilde;o<\/em>), Leiden: Brill, 1937, p.31.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref13692\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.519.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref13693\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith Nos.518 &amp; 520.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref13694\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;Ibn Hisham, Seerah al-Nabi, Cairo, n.d., Vol.1, p.199.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref13695\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;Labib as-Said, The Recited Koran (<em>O Alcor&atilde;o Recitado<\/em>), traduzido por Morroe Berger, A. Rauf, e Bernard Weiss, Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1975, p.59.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref13696\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;The Encyclopedia of Islam (<em>Enciclop&eacute;dia do Isl&atilde;<\/em>), &lsquo;The Quran in Muslim Life and Thought (<em>O Alcor&atilde;o na Vida e Pensamento Mu&ccedil;ulmano<\/em>).&rsquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref13697\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;William Graham, Beyond the Written Word (<em>Al&eacute;m da Palavra Escrita<\/em>), UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p.80.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref13698\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp;Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran (<em>A Mente do Alcor&atilde;o<\/em>), Londres: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O Alcor&atilde;o Escrito<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O Alcor&atilde;o inteiro tamb&eacute;m foi registrado por escrito na &eacute;poca da revela&ccedil;&atilde;o a partir do que foi ditado pelo Profeta, que Deus o exalte, por alguns de seus companheiros letrados, o mais proeminente deles sendo Zaid ibn Thabit.<a title=\" Jalal al-Din Suyuti, Al-Itqan fee &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Beirut: Maktab al-Thiqaafiyya, 1973, Vol.1, p.41 &amp; 99.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13699\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp; Outros entre seus nobres escribas foram Ubayy ibn Ka&rsquo;b, Ibn Mas&rsquo;ud, Mu&rsquo;awiyah ibn Abi-Sufyan, Khalid ibn Waleed e Zubayr ibn Awwam.<a title=\" Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Al-Isabah fee Taymeez as-Sahabah, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1978; Bayard Dodge, The Fihrist of al-Nadeem: A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture, NY: Columbia University Press, 1970, p.53-63. Muhammad M. Azami, in Kuttab al-Nabi, Bei\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13700\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp; Os vers&iacute;culos foram registrados em couro, pergaminho, esc&aacute;pulas (omoplatas de animais) e folhas de tamareiras.<a title=\" Al-Harith al-Muhasabi, Kitab Fahm al-Sunan, citado em Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Vol.1, p.58.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13701\">[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A codifica&ccedil;&atilde;o do Alcor&atilde;o (ou seja, colocado em &lsquo;forma de livro&rsquo;) foi feita logo ap&oacute;s a Batalha de Yamamah (11AH\/633CE), ap&oacute;s a morte do Profeta, durante o Califado de Abu Bakr. &nbsp;&nbsp;Muitos companheiros se tornaram m&aacute;rtires naquela batalha, e se temeu que a menos que uma c&oacute;pia escrita da revela&ccedil;&atilde;o inteira fosse feita, grandes partes do Alcor&atilde;o poderiam ser perdidas com a morte daqueles que as tinham memorizado.&nbsp; Sendo assim, com a sugest&atilde;o de Umar de coletar o Alcor&atilde;o na forma escrita, Abu Bakr pediu a Zaid ibn Thabit que liderasse um comit&ecirc; que reuniria os registros dispersos do Alcor&atilde;o e preparasse um mushaf &ndash; folhas soltas que contivessem a revela&ccedil;&atilde;o inteira.<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith Nos.201 &amp; 509; Vol.9, Hadith No.301.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13702\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp; Para salvaguardar a compila&ccedil;&atilde;o de erros, o comit&ecirc; aceitou apenas material que tivesse sido escrito na presen&ccedil;a do pr&oacute;prio Profeta, e que pudesse ser verificado por pelo menos duas testemunhas confi&aacute;veis que tivessem ouvido o Profeta recitar a passagem em quest&atilde;o<a title=\" Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Fath al-Bari, Vol.9, p.10-11.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13703\">[5]<\/a>.&nbsp; Uma vez completas e unanimemente aprovadas pelos Companheiros do Profeta, essas folhas foram mantidas com o Califa Abu Bakr (falecido em 13AH\/634EC) e ent&atilde;o passadas para o Califa Umar (13-23AH\/634-644EC), e ent&atilde;o para a filha de Umar e vi&uacute;va do Profeta, Hafsah<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari, Vol.6, Hadith No.201.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13704\">[6]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O terceiro Califa Uthman (23AH-35AH\/644-656CE) pediu a Hafsah que lhe enviasse o manuscrito do Alcor&atilde;o que estava sob sua guarda, e ordenou a produ&ccedil;&atilde;o de v&aacute;rias c&oacute;pias id&ecirc;nticas (masaahif, singular mushaf).&nbsp; Essa tarefa foi confiada aos Companheiros Zaid ibn Thabit, Abdullah ibn Az-Zubair, Sa&rsquo;eed ibn As-&rsquo;As, e Abdur-Rahman ibn Harith ibn Hisham.<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.4, Hadith No.709; Vol.6, Hadith No.507\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13705\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp; Na conclus&atilde;o (em 25AH\/646CE), Uthman devolveu o manuscrito original &agrave; Hafsah e enviou as c&oacute;pias &agrave;s maiores prov&iacute;ncias isl&acirc;micas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Um n&uacute;mero de eruditos n&atilde;o-mu&ccedil;ulmanos que estudou a quest&atilde;o da compila&ccedil;&atilde;o e preserva&ccedil;&atilde;o do Alcor&atilde;o tamb&eacute;m estudou a sua autenticidade.&nbsp; John Burton, ao fim de seu trabalho substancial sobre a compila&ccedil;&atilde;o do Alcor&atilde;o, afirma que o Alcor&atilde;o como n&oacute;s temos hoje &eacute;:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;...o texto que nos chegou na forma na qual foi organizada e aprovada pelo Profeta... O que n&oacute;s temos hoje em nossas m&atilde;os &eacute; o mushaf de Muhammad.<a title=\" John Burton, The Collection of the Quran (A Compila&ccedil;&atilde;o do Alcor&atilde;o), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977, p.239-40.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13706\">[8]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Kenneth Cragg descreve a transmiss&atilde;o do Alcor&atilde;o da &eacute;poca da revela&ccedil;&atilde;o at&eacute; hoje como&nbsp;<em>&ldquo;uma seq&uuml;&ecirc;ncia viva ininterrupta de devo&ccedil;&atilde;o.&rdquo;<\/em><a title=\" Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran (A Mente do Alcor&atilde;o), Londres: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13707\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp; Schwally concorda que:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;Com rela&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave;s v&aacute;rias pe&ccedil;as da revela&ccedil;&atilde;o, n&oacute;s estamos confiantes de que seu texto foi de maneira geral transmitido exatamente como foi encontrado no legado do Profeta.&rdquo;<a title=\" Schwally, Geschichte des Qorans, Leipzig: Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1909-38, Vol.2, p.120.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13708\">[10]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A credibilidade hist&oacute;rica do Alcor&atilde;o &eacute; estabelecida tamb&eacute;m pelo fato de que uma das c&oacute;pias enviada pelo Califa Uthman continua a existir hoje.&nbsp; Ela est&aacute; no Museu da Cidade de Tashkent no Uzbequist&atilde;o, &Aacute;sia Central.<a title=\" Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, primeira edi&ccedil;&atilde;o, 1993, p.117; Isma&rsquo;il Makhdum, Tarikh al-Mushaf al-Uthmani fi Tashqand, Tashkent: Al-Idara al-Diniya, 1971, p.22ff.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13709\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp; De acordo com o Programa Mem&oacute;ria do Mundo, da UNESCO, um bra&ccedil;o das Na&ccedil;&otilde;es Unidas,&nbsp;<em>&lsquo;&eacute; a vers&atilde;o definitiva, conhecida como o Mushaf de Uthman.&rsquo;<\/em><a title=\" (http:\/\/www.unesco.org.)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13710\">[12]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/webworld\/mdm\/1997\/eng\/uzbekistan\/reading.html#1\"><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_cn\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_2_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Esse manuscrito, mantido pelo Comit&ecirc; Isl&acirc;mico do Uzbequist&atilde;o, &eacute; a primeira vers&atilde;o escrita existente do Alcor&atilde;o. &Eacute; a vers&atilde;o definitiva, conhecida como o Mushaf de Othman.&nbsp; Imagem cortesia de Registro da Mem&oacute;ria do Mundo, UNESCO.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Um fac-s&iacute;mile do mushaf em Tashkent est&aacute; dispon&iacute;vel na Biblioteca da Universidade de Columbia nos EUA.<a title=\" The Muslim World, 1940, Vol.30, p.357-358\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13711\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp; Essa c&oacute;pia &eacute; prova de que o texto do Alcor&atilde;o que temos em circula&ccedil;&atilde;o hoje &eacute; id&ecirc;ntico ao do tempo do Profeta e seus companheiros.&nbsp; Uma c&oacute;pia do mushaf enviado &agrave; S&iacute;ria (duplicado antes de um inc&ecirc;ndio em 1310AH\/1892CE destruir a mesquita Jaami&rsquo; onde estava guardado) tamb&eacute;m existe no Museu Topkapi em Istambul<a title=\" Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, primeira edi&ccedil;&atilde;o, 1993, p.113\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13712\">[14]<\/a>, e um manuscrito anterior em pergaminho de gazela tamb&eacute;m existe em Dar al-Kutub as-Sultaniyyah no Egito.&nbsp; Manuscritos mais antigos de todos os per&iacute;odos da hist&oacute;ria isl&acirc;mica encontrados na Biblioteca do Congresso em Washington, no Chester Beatty Museum em Dublin (Irlanda) e no Museu de Londres foram comparados com aqueles em Tashkent, Turquia e Egito, e os resultados confirmaram que n&atilde;o houve quaisquer mudan&ccedil;as no texto desde sua &eacute;poca de escrita original.<a title=\" Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.157\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13713\">[15]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O Institute for Koranforschung, por exemplo, na Universidade de Munique (Alemanha), coletou mais de 42.000 c&oacute;pias completas ou incompletas do Alcor&atilde;o.&nbsp; Ap&oacute;s aproximadamente cinq&uuml;enta anos de pesquisa, eles relataram que n&atilde;o havia varia&ccedil;&atilde;o entre as diversas c&oacute;pias, exceto erros ocasionais do copista que podiam facilmente ser identificados.&nbsp; Esse Instituto infelizmente foi destru&iacute;do por bombas durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial.<a title=\" Mohammed Hamidullah, Muhammad Rasullullah, Lahore: Idara-e-Islamiat, n.d., p.179.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13714\">[16]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Portanto, devido aos esfor&ccedil;os dos primeiros companheiros, com a assist&ecirc;ncia de Deus, o Alcor&atilde;o que temos hoje &eacute; recitado da mesma forma como foi revelado.&nbsp; Isso faz dele a &uacute;nica escritura religiosa que permanece completamente retida e compreendida em sua l&iacute;ngua original.&nbsp; De fato, como Sir William Muir afirma,&nbsp;<em>&ldquo;Provavelmente n&atilde;o existe outro livro no mundo que permaneceu doze s&eacute;culos (agora quatorze) com um texto t&atilde;o puro.&rdquo;<\/em><a title=\" Sir William Muir, Life of Mohamet (Vida de Mohamed), Londres, 1894, Vol.1, Introduction (Introdu&ccedil;&atilde;o).\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftn13715\">[17]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A evid&ecirc;ncia acima confirma a promessa de Deus no Alcor&atilde;o:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Por certo, N&oacute;s fizemos descer o Alcor&atilde;o e, por certo, N&oacute;s o preservaremos.&rdquo; (Alcor&atilde;o 15:9)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O Alcor&atilde;o foi preservado tanto na forma oral quanto na escrita de uma forma que nenhum outro livro foi, e cada forma prov&ecirc; checagem e refer&ecirc;ncia para a autenticidade da outra.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13699\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Jalal al-Din Suyuti, Al-Itqan fee &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Beirut: Maktab al-Thiqaafiyya, 1973, Vol.1, p.41 &amp; 99.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13700\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Al-Isabah fee Taymeez as-Sahabah, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1978; Bayard Dodge, The Fihrist of al-Nadeem: A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture, NY: Columbia University Press, 1970, p.53-63. Muhammad M. Azami, in Kuttab al-Nabi, Beirut: Al-Maktab al-Islami, 1974, menciona 48 pessoas que costumavam escrever para o Profeta (p).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13701\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;Al-Harith al-Muhasabi, Kitab Fahm al-Sunan, citado em Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Vol.1, p.58.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13702\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith Nos.201 &amp; 509; Vol.9, Hadith No.301.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13703\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Fath al-Bari, Vol.9, p.10-11.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13704\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>, Vol.6, Hadith No.201.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13705\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.4, Hadith No.709; Vol.6, Hadith No.507<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13706\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;John Burton, The Collection of the Quran (<em>A Compila&ccedil;&atilde;o do Alcor&atilde;o<\/em>), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977, p.239-40.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13707\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran (<em>A Mente do Alcor&atilde;o<\/em>), Londres: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13708\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;Schwally, Geschichte des Qorans, Leipzig: Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1909-38, Vol.2, p.120.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13709\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, primeira edi&ccedil;&atilde;o, 1993, p.117; Isma&rsquo;il Makhdum, Tarikh al-Mushaf al-Uthmani fi Tashqand, Tashkent: Al-Idara al-Diniya, 1971, p.22ff.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13710\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp;(http:\/\/www.unesco.org.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">I. Mendelsohn, &ldquo;The Columbia University Copy Of The Samarqand Kufic Quran (<em>A C&oacute;pia da Universidade de Columbia do Alcor&atilde;o C&uacute;fico de Samarcandia<\/em>)&rdquo;, The Moslem World, 1940, p. 357-358.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A. Jeffery &amp; I. Mendelsohn, &ldquo;The Orthography Of The Samarqand Quran Codex (<em>A Ortografia do Alcor&atilde;o de Samarcandia<\/em>)&rdquo;, Journal Of The American Oriental Society, 1942, Volume 62, pp. 175-195.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13711\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp;The Muslim World, 1940, Vol.30, p.357-358<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13712\">[14]<\/a>&nbsp;Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, primeira edi&ccedil;&atilde;o, 1993, p.113<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13713\">[15]<\/a>&nbsp;Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.157<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13714\">[16]<\/a>&nbsp;Mohammed Hamidullah, Muhammad Rasullullah, Lahore: Idara-e-Islamiat, n.d., p.179.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref13715\">[17]<\/a>&nbsp;Sir William Muir, Life of Mohamet (<em>Vida de Mohamed<\/em>), Londres, 1894, Vol.1, Introduction (<em>Introdu&ccedil;&atilde;o<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":21958,"lft":182,"rght":183,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-26T22:26:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:25:20.000000Z","language_id":15,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":15,"parent_id":135,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"About Qur'an & Hadith","category_slug":"About-Quran-and-Hadith","get_date":"2014-07-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pr_Preservation of the Quran.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pr_Preservation of the Quran.docx"},{"id":227,"title":"\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58","slug":"-0-0","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh_Preservation of the Quran.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh_Preservation of the Quran.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:-0-0","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\">\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u80cc\u8bb0<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_cn\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"Preservation-of-the-Quran\" \/><br \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5c0a\u8d35\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u662f\u5b89\u62c9\u901a\u8fc7\u54f2\u5e03\u4f9d\u52d2\u5929\u4f7f\u4ee5\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u542f\u793a\u7ed9\u4f7f\u8005\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\uff08\u613f\u4e3b\u798f\u5b89\u4e4b\uff09\u7684\u3002\u542f\u793a\u662f\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u96f6\u661f\u964d\u793a\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u964d\u793a\u7684\u7ecf\u6587\u662f\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u51e0\u8282\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5219\u662f\u662f\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u7bc7\u7ae0\u3002<a title=\" \u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7&middot;\u54c8\u7c73\u675c\u62c9\uff1a\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u4f26\u6566MWH\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1979\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c17\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14240\">[\u2460]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\uff08\u4e00\u8bcd\u7cfb\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bedQuran\u7684\u97f3\u8bd1\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a&ldquo;\u5ba3\u8bfb&rdquo;\u3001&ldquo;\u8bf5\u8bfb&rdquo;\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4f7f\u8005\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f7f\u8005\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u641c\u96c6\u6210\u518c\uff0c\u5373&ldquo;\u54c8\u8fea\u65af&rdquo;\uff08Ahadeeth\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a&ldquo;\u6d88\u606f&rdquo;\u3001&ldquo;\u8a00\u8bed&rdquo;\u3001\u6216&ldquo;\u4f20\u8ff0&rdquo;\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u6839\u636e\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u4f7f\u8005\u4eb2\u81ea\u901a\u8fc7\u80cc\u8bb0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u4ed6\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u542f\u793a\u6309\u7167\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u4f20\u6388\u7ed9\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u4eec\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7ecf\u6587\u662f\u5b89\u62c9\u7279\u610f\u542f\u793a\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a&ldquo;\u4f60\u8bfb&rdquo;\u3014Qul\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\uff1a\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u554a\uff01\u4f60\uff08\u5411\u4eba\u4eec\uff09\u5ba3\u8bfb\u3015\u3002\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u97f5\u5f8b\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u5176\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u4f7f\u4eba\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u5728\u591a\u5904\u63d0\u5230\u8fd9\u90e8\u7ecf\u5178\u6613\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b44\uff1a58\uff0c54\uff1a17\uff0c22\uff0c32\uff0c40\uff09\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u4ee5\u96c4\u8fa9\u7684\u53e3\u624d\u548c\u64c5\u957f\u8bd7\u8bcd\u6b4c\u8d4b\u800c\u8457\u79f0\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4f9d\u7136\u4ee5\u5176\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u6587\u98ce\u800c\u9a70\u540d\u3002\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14&middot;\u5179\u7ef4\u7279\u52d2\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;\u5728\u8fdc\u53e4\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u4e66\u5199\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4f46\u53e3\u4f20\u5fc3\u6388\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529b\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u8c61\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f01\u53ca\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002&rdquo;<a title=\" \u8fc8\u514b\u5c14&middot;\u5179\u7ef4\u7279\u52d2\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5178\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bd7\u7684\u53e3\u6388\u4f20\u7edf\u300b\uff0c\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1978\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c14\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14241\">[\u2461]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u542f\u793a\u5728\u4f7f\u8005\u65f6\u4ee3\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u80cc\u8bb0\u5728\u5fc3\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4f7f\u8005\u9f13\u52b1\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u6240\u542f\u793a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u8282\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u4f20\u6388\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u3002<a title=\" \u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u7b2c6\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c546\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14242\">[\u2462]<\/a>\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u80cc\u8bb0\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u4fee\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u793c\u62dc\uff08salah\uff09\u65f6\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u5b66\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u7ecf\u6587\u65f6\u4fbf\u4ee5\u80cc\u8bf5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5728\u793c\u62dc\u4e2d\u3002\u6574\u90e8\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u4eec\u9010\u5b57\u9010\u53e5\u5730\u901a\u80cc\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8bf5\u7ecf\u5bb6\u6709\u683d\u5fb7&middot;\u672c&middot;\u8428\u6bd4\u7279\u3001\u4f0d\u73ed\u4f0a&middot;\u672c&middot;\u514b\u5c14\u767d\u3001\u7a46\u963f\u5179&middot;\u672c&middot;\u658b\u767d\u91cc\u548c\u827e\u5e03&middot;\u683d\u5fb7\u3002<a title=\" \u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c6\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c525\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14243\">[\u2463]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u80cc\u8bb0\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u660e\u6587\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u7cbe\u901a\u5b83\u7684\u8bfb\u97f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e4b\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u95ee&mdash;&mdash;&ldquo;\u6cf0\u5409\u4f1f\u5fb7&rdquo;\uff08Tajweed\uff0c\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u8bf5\u8bfb\u5b66\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u8c28\u614e\u5730\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u524d\u540e\u6587\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u53d1\u97f3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u64cd\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u5728\u8bf5\u8bfb\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u65f6\u90fd\u5982\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4f7f\u8005\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7ae0\u8282\u53ca\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u7531\u4f7f\u8005\u6392\u5b9a\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u719f\u8bb0\u4e8e\u5fc3\u3002<a title=\" \u827e\u54c8\u8fc8\u5fb7&middot;\u4e39\u6cd5\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u534f\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c1983\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c41-42\u9875\uff1b\u4e9a\u745f&middot;\u8d3e\u6cd5\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u5386\u53f2\u8003\u8bc1\u300b\uff0c\u83b1\u987f\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1937\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c31\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14244\">[\u2464]<\/a>&nbsp; \u5728\u4f7f\u8005\u5065\u5728\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u83b1\u9ea6\u4e39\u6708\uff08Ramadan\uff0c\u4f0a\u5386\u4e5d\u6708\uff0c\u5373\u658b\u6708\uff09\uff0c\u54f2\u5e03\u4f9d\u52d2\u5929\u4f7f\u4e0e\u4f7f\u8005\u4f9d\u7167\u542f\u793a\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u987a\u5e8f\u6821\u5bf9\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u5728\u573a\u3002<a title=\" \u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c6\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c519\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14245\">[\u2465]<\/a>&nbsp; \u5728\u4f7f\u8005\u5f52\u771f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u54f2\u5e03\u4f9d\u52d2\u5929\u4f7f\u4e0e\u4f7f\u8005\u6821\u5bf9\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u3002<a title=\" \u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c6\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c518\u548c520\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14246\">[\u2466]<\/a>&nbsp; \u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u5148\u540e\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u7ae0\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u90fd\u5df2\u719f\u8bb0\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u56fa\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\u719f\u80cc\u4e8e\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u7531\u4e8e\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u884c\u7701\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f9d\u7167\u80cc\u8bf5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5411\u4eba\u4eec\u4f20\u6388\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u3002<a title=\" \u4f0a\u672c&middot;\u54c8\u5e0c\u59c6\uff1a\u300a\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u4f20\u300b\uff0c\u5f00\u7f57\uff0c\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c199\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14247\">[\u2467]<\/a>&nbsp; \u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4ee5\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u88ab\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u80cc\u8bb0\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u80cc\u8bb0\uff0c\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e16\u754c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e13\u95e8\u80cc\u8bb0\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u3002<a title=\" \u62c9\u6bd4\u5e03&middot;\u8d5b\u4e49\u5fb7\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u80cc\u8bf5\u300b\uff0c\u6469\u7f57&middot;\u4f2f\u6770\u3001A.\u52b3\u592b\u548c\u4f2f\u7eb3\u5fb7&middot;\u97e6\u65af\u8bd1\uff0c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1975\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c59\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14248\">[\u2468]<\/a>&nbsp; \u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u8bf5\u8bfb\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u80cc\u8bb0\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bf5\u7ecf\u5e08\u7684\u8bf5\u8bfb\u4f20\u627f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a&ldquo;\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u94fe&rdquo;\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u8bb0\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u4e09\u5230\u516d\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u80cc\u8bf5\u4e14\u6838\u67e5\u80cc\u8bf5\u6b63\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u6388\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684&ldquo;\u8bc1\u4e66&rdquo;\uff08ijaza\uff0c\u6216\u6388\u6743\u8bc1\u4e66\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u5df2\u638c\u63e1\u8bf5\u8bfb\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u5730\u80cc\u8bb0\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u6240\u80cc\u8bb0\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4eba\u5e08\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_cn\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_1_of_2)_002.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff08\u6b64\u56fe\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u80cc\u8bf5\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u7684&nbsp;\u4e00\u79cd&ldquo;\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66&rdquo;\uff08ijaza\uff0c\u6216\u6388\u6743\u8bc1\u4e66\uff09\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u6301\u6709\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u80cc\u8bf5\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u8bf5\u7ecf\u4f20\u627f\u53ef\u662f\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684&ldquo;\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u94fe&rdquo;\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56fe\u50cf\u662f\u79d1\u5a01\u7279\u7684\u8bf5\u7ecf\u5bb6\u5620\u7c73\u6c99\u91cc&middot;\u672c&middot;\u62c9\u5e0c\u5fb7\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u8c22\u8d6b&middot;\u827e\u54c8\u8fc8\u5fb7&middot;\u5179\u96c5\u5fb7\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u3002\u672c\u56fe\u50cf\u7531(<a href=\"http:\/\/www.alafasy.com.xn--%29-re0eu73g5u4a1sg\/\">http:\/\/www.alafasy.com.)\u7f51\u7ad9\u63d0\u4f9b<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4e00\u4f4d\u975e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e1c\u65b9\u5b66\u8005A.T.\u97e6\u5c14\u5947\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u6bd4\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6216\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u5b83\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u3001\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u53e3\u6388\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u627f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u6700\u521d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u97f5\u5f8b\u80cc\u8bf5\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u542f\u793a\u5728\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u80cc\u8bb0\uff0c\u81ea\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u53e3\u4f20\u7684\u60ef\u4f8b\u5c31\u88ab\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u5386\u53f2\u800c\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5176\u6548\u679c\u8d85\u8d8a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u3002&hellip;&hellip;\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u80cc\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4f20\u7edf\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u8bf5\u7ecf\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\uff08qurraa\uff09\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u80cc\u8bf5\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u624d\u88ab\u897f\u65b9\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u8d5e\u8d4f\u3002&rdquo;<a title=\" \u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u300b\uff1a&ldquo;\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf&rdquo;\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14249\">[\u2469]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u6216\u8bb8\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6216\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u786e\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u7684\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u80cc\u8bb0\u3002<a title=\" \u5a01\u5ec9&middot;\u683c\u96f7\u5384\u59c6\uff1a\u300a\u80dc\u4e8e\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1993\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c80\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14250\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp; \u4e1c\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u9886\u8896\u80af\u5c3c\u601d&middot;\u514b\u62c9\u683c\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;&hellip;&hellip;\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u80cc\u8bf5\u73b0\u8c61\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6d41\u4f20\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u4e4b\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u4f5c\u53e4\u8463\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u4f5c\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u3002\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u8bb0\u8bf5\u907f\u514d\u7ecf\u5178\u5931\u8bef\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u4f20\u627f\u4e2d\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u3002&rdquo;<a title=\" \u80af\u5c3c\u601d&middot;\u514b\u62c9\u683c\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u3009\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u300b\uff0c\u4f26\u6566George Allen &amp; Unwin,\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1973\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c26\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14251\">[12]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14240\">[\u2460]<\/a>&nbsp;\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7&middot;\u54c8\u7c73\u675c\u62c9\uff1a\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u4f26\u6566MWH\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1979\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c17\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14241\">[\u2461]<\/a>&nbsp;\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14&middot;\u5179\u7ef4\u7279\u52d2\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5178\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bd7\u7684\u53e3\u6388\u4f20\u7edf\u300b\uff0c\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1978\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c14\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14242\">[\u2462]<\/a>&nbsp;\u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u7b2c6\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c546\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14243\">[\u2463]<\/a>&nbsp;\u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c6\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c525\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14244\">[\u2464]<\/a>&nbsp;\u827e\u54c8\u8fc8\u5fb7&middot;\u4e39\u6cd5\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u534f\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c1983\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c41-42\u9875\uff1b\u4e9a\u745f&middot;\u8d3e\u6cd5\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u5386\u53f2\u8003\u8bc1\u300b\uff0c\u83b1\u987f\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1937\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c31\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14245\">[\u2465]<\/a>&nbsp;\u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c6\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c519\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14246\">[\u2466]<\/a>&nbsp;\u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c6\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c518\u548c520\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14247\">[\u2467]<\/a>&nbsp;\u4f0a\u672c&middot;\u54c8\u5e0c\u59c6\uff1a\u300a\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u4f20\u300b\uff0c\u5f00\u7f57\uff0c\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c199\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14248\">[\u2468]<\/a>&nbsp;\u62c9\u6bd4\u5e03&middot;\u8d5b\u4e49\u5fb7\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u80cc\u8bf5\u300b\uff0c\u6469\u7f57&middot;\u4f2f\u6770\u3001A.\u52b3\u592b\u548c\u4f2f\u7eb3\u5fb7&middot;\u97e6\u65af\u8bd1\uff0c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1975\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c59\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14249\">[\u2469]<\/a>&nbsp;\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u300b\uff1a&ldquo;\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf&rdquo;\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14250\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;\u5a01\u5ec9&middot;\u683c\u96f7\u5384\u59c6\uff1a\u300a\u80dc\u4e8e\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1993\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c80\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14251\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp;\u80af\u5c3c\u601d&middot;\u514b\u62c9\u683c\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u3009\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u300b\uff0c\u4f26\u6566George Allen &amp; Unwin,\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1973\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c26\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4e66\u5199<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u9646\u7eed\u964d\u793a\u7ed9\u4f7f\u8005\uff0c\u4f7f\u8005\u53c8\u53e3\u6388\u7ed9\u4f17\u5f1f\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f1a\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u9042\u5c06\u7ecf\u6587\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6709\u683d\u5fb7&middot;\u672c&middot;\u8428\u6bd4\u7279\u3002<a title=\" \u8d3e\u62c9\u91cc&middot;\u4e01&middot;\u82cf\u4f18\u63d0\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u5b66\u7cbe\u89e3\u300b\uff0c\u8d1d\u9c81\u7279Maktab al-Thiqaafiyya\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1973\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c41\u548c99\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14252\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u8bb0\u5458\u8fd8\u6709\u4f0d\u73ed\u4f0a&middot;\u672c&middot;\u514b\u5c14\u767d\u3001\u4f0a\u672c&middot;\u9ea6\u65af\u6b27\u8fea\u3001\u7a46\u963f\u7ef4\u53f6&middot;\u672c&middot;\u827e\u6bd4&middot;\u82cf\u5bcc\u626c\u3001\u54c8\u7acb\u5fb7&middot;\u672c&middot;\u74e6\u5229\u5fb7\u3001\u7956\u62dc\u5c14&middot;\u672c&middot;\u963f\u74e6\u59c6\u7b49\u3002<a title=\" \u4f0a\u672c&middot;\u54c8\u6770\u5c14&middot;\u963f\u65af\u683c\u62c9\u5c3c\uff1a\u300a\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u751f\u5e73\u8003\u8bc1\u300b\uff0c\u8d1d\u9c81\u7279Dar al-Fikr\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1978\u5e74\uff1b\u62dc\u4e9a\u5c14&middot;\u9053\u5947\uff1a\u300a\u5948\u8482\u59c6\u4e66\u5f55\uff1a\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6587\u5316\u7eb5\u89c8\u300b\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1970\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c53-63\u9875\uff1b\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7M. \u963f\u624e\u7c73\uff1a\u300a\u4f7f\u8005\u4e66\u4fe1\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u8d1d\u9c81\u7279Al-Maktab al-Islami\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1974\u5e74\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5171\u63d0\u53ca\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u5171\u670948\u540d\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u4f5c\u4f7f\u8005\u7684\u4e66\u8bb0\u5458\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14253\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u7ecf\u6587\u5f53\u65f6\u88ab\u6563\u8bb0\u5728\u76ae\u9769\u4e0a\u3001\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u80a9\u80db\u9aa8\uff08\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u80a9\u80cc\u7684\u4e24\u5757\u5927\u800c\u6241\u5e73\u7684\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u9aa8\uff09\u4e0a\u3001\u6d77\u67a3\u6811\u679d\u4e0a\u7b49\u3002<a title=\" \u54c8\u91cc\u65af&middot;\u7a46\u54c8\u6492\u5e03\uff1a\u300a\u5723\u8bad\u6ce8\u89e3\u300b\uff0c\u5f15\u8bc1\u82cf\u4f18\u63d0\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u5b66\u7cbe\u89e3\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c58\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14254\">[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u6c47\u96c6\uff08\u6210\u518c\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u4f7f\u8005\u5f52\u771f\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u827e\u5e03&middot;\u4f2f\u514b\u5c14\u4efb\u54c8\u91cc\u53d1\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8036\u739b\u9ea6\u4e4b\u6218\uff08\u4f0a\u538611\u5e74\/\u516c\u5143633\u5e74\uff09\u4e4b\u540e\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u80fd\u80cc\u8bb0\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u90a3\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53ca\u65f6\u5c06\u6574\u90e8\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u6587\u6c47\u96c6\u6210\u518c\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7ecf\u6587\u6587\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u968f\u7740\u90a3\u4e9b\u80cc\u8bf5\u5bb6\u7684\u53bb\u4e16\u800c\u4e22\u5931\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6b27\u9ea6\u5c14\u5efa\u8bae\u4ee5\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6574\u7406\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u3002\u827e\u5e03&middot;\u4f2f\u514b\u5c14\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6b64\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u8d23\u6210\u683d\u5fb7&middot;\u672c&middot;\u8428\u6bd4\u7279\u62c5\u4efb\u6574\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u641c\u96c6\u548c\u6574\u7406\u5206\u6563\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u76ae\u9769\u3001\u9aa8\u5934\u3001\u6811\u679d\u7b49\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u6838\u5bf9\u3002<a title=\" \u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c6\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c201\u548c509\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\uff1b\u7b2c9\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c301\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14255\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u4e3a\u614e\u91cd\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53ea\u63a5\u53d7\u5728\u4f7f\u8005\u5f53\u9762\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u3001\u5e76\u4e14\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e24\u540d\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u4eb2\u81ea\u8046\u542c\u8fc7\u4f7f\u8005\u80cc\u8bf5\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u7ecf\u6587\u3002<a title=\" \u4f0a\u672c&middot;\u54c8\u6770\u5c14&middot;\u963f\u65af\u683c\u62c9\u5c3c\uff1a\u300a\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u7684\u5f00\u62d3\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c9\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c10-11\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14256\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u5728\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u95e8\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u6210\u518c\uff0c\u7531\u54c8\u91cc\u53d1\u827e\u5e03&middot;\u4f2f\u514b\u5c14\uff08\u5352\u4e8e\u4f0a\u538613\u5e74\/\u516c\u5143634\u5e74\uff09\u4fdd\u7ba1\uff1b\u827e\u5e03&middot;\u4f2f\u514b\u5c14\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u54c8\u91cc\u53d1\u6b27\u9ea6\u5c14\uff08\u5728\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u4f0a\u538613-23\u5e74\/\u516c\u5143634-644\u5e74\uff09\u4fdd\u7ba1\uff1b\u6b27\u9ea6\u5c14\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5973\u513f\uff0c\u4f7f\u8005\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u54c8\u8299\u8d5b\u4fdd\u7ba1<a title=\" \u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c6\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c201\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14257\">[6]<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u4efb\u54c8\u91cc\u53d1\u5965\u65af\u66fc\uff08\u5728\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u4f0a\u538623-35\u5e74\/\u516c\u5143644-656\u5e74\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u8bf7\u6c42\u54c8\u8299\u8d5b\u5c06\u5979\u6240\u4fdd\u7ba1\u7684\u624b\u6284\u672c\u9001\u7ed9\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u6b64\u624b\u6284\u672c\uff08\u539f\u7a3f\u53ebmasaahif\uff0c&ldquo;\u7a46\u65af\u54c8\u592b&rdquo;\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u6c47\u96c6\u672c\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6284\u5f55\u51e0\u672c\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4efb\u52a1\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u683d\u5fb7&middot;\u672c&middot;\u8428\u6bd4\u7279\u3001\u963f\u535c\u675c\u62c9&middot;\u672c&middot;\u7956\u62dc\u5c14\u3001\u8d5b\u4e49\u5fb7&middot;\u672c&middot;\u963f\u65af\u548c\u963f\u535c\u675c\u62c9\u8d6b\u66fc&middot;\u672c&middot;\u54c8\u91cc\u65af&middot;\u672c&middot;\u54c8\u5e0c\u59c6\u3002<a title=\" \u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c4\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c709\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\uff1b\u7b2c6\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c507\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14258\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u6284\u5f55\u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u4e8e\u4f0a\u538625\u5e74\/\u516c\u5143646\u5e74\uff09\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5c06\u539f\u7a3f\u9001\u8fd8\u7ed9\u54c8\u8299\u8d5b\uff0c\u628a\u590d\u672c\u5206\u522b\u9001\u5230\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u884c\u7701\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5b66\u8005\u8003\u8bc1\u4e86\u6240\u8f91\u5f55\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u6284\u672c\u540e\uff0c\u90fd\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0&middot;\u4f2f\u987f\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u8003\u8bc1\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u6c47\u96c6\u4e4b\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7ed3\u5c3e\u65f6\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;&hellip;&hellip;\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u660e\u6587\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u4f7f\u8005\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u6838\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c&hellip;&hellip;\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u6301\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002<a title=\" \u7ea6\u7ff0&middot;\u4f2f\u987f\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u3009\u7684\u8f91\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1977\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c239-240\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14259\">[8]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u80af\u5c3c\u601d&middot;\u514b\u62c9\u683c\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4ece\u542f\u793a\u4e4b\u521d\u5230\u6d41\u4f20\u81f3\u4eca\u662f&ldquo;\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f&rdquo;\u3002<a title=\" \u80af\u5c3c\u601d&middot;\u514b\u62c9\u683c\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u3009\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u300b\uff0c\u4f26\u6566George Allen &amp; Unwin,\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1973\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c26\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14260\">[9]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u53f2\u5a01\u529b\u540c\u65f6\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;\u5c31\u542f\u793a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fe1\uff0c\u5176\u660e\u6587\u5df2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u800c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u4f20\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002&rdquo;<a title=\" \u53f2\u5a01\u529b\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u3009\u5386\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u83b1\u6bd4\u9521Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1909-38\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c2\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c120\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14261\">[10]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4fdd\u5b58\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u3001\u7531\u54c8\u91cc\u53d1\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5b9a\u672c\u4e4b\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u7684\u539f\u624b\u6284\u672c\u73b0\u85cf\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4e9a\u4e4c\u5179\u522b\u514b\u65af\u5766\u9996\u90fd\u5854\u4ec0\u5e72\u5e02\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002<a title=\" \u4f18\u7d20\u798f&middot;\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23&middot;\u52aa\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u7684\u5b9a\u672c\u300b\uff0c\u963f\u8054\u914b\u8fea\u62dcDar al-Manar\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\uff0c1993\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c117\u9875\uff1b\u4f0a\u65af\u739b\u4eea&middot;\u9a6c\u8d6b\u675c\u59c6\uff1a\u300a\u5854\u4ec0\u5e72\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5b9a\u672c\u5386\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u4e4c\u5179\u522b\u514b\u65af\u5766\u5854\u4ec0\u5e72Al-Idara al-Diniya\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1971\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c22\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14262\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u6839\u636e\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4e16\u754c\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7eb2\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a&ldquo;\u5b83\u662f\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5b9a\u672c\u3002&rdquo;<a title=\" \uff08http:\/\/www.unesco.org.\uff09 I. \u5b5f\u5fb7\u5c14\u900a\uff1a&ldquo;\u85cf\u4e8e\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6492\u9a6c\u5c14\u7f55\u7684\u5e93\u6cd5\u4f53\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7248\u672c&rdquo;\uff0c\u300a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e16\u754c\u300b\uff0c1940\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c357-358\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14263\">[12]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_cn\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_2_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff08\u6b64\u624b\u6284\u672c\uff0c\u7531\u4e4c\u5179\u522b\u514b\u65af\u5766\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7ba1\uff0c\u662f\u73b0\u5b58\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4e66\u5199\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a&ldquo;\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5b9a\u672c&rdquo;\u3002\u6b64\u56fe\u7247\u7531\u4e16\u754c\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e16\u754c\u9057\u4ea7\u767b\u8bb0\u5904\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u85cf\u4e8e\u5854\u4ec0\u5e72\u7684\u624b\u6284\u539f\u672c\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u8be5\u7248\u672c\u662f\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u660e\u6587\u8003\u8bc1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf5\u8bfb\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u540c\u4f7f\u8005\u548c\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u7684<a title=\" \u300a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e16\u754c\u300b\uff0c1940\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c30\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c357-358\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14264\">[13]<\/a>\u3002\u5f53\u521d\u7684\u6284\u672c\uff0c\u4e00\u4efd\u9001\u5230\u4e86\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\uff08\u4e8e\u4f0a\u53861310\u5e74\/\u516c\u51431892\u5e74\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u5931\u706b\u65f6\u88ab\u711a\u70e7\uff09\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u85cf\u4e8e\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14\u6258\u666e\u5361\u5339\u535a\u7269\u9986<a title=\" \u4f18\u7d20\u798f&middot;\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23&middot;\u52aa\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u7684\u5b9a\u672c\u300b\uff0c\u963f\u8054\u914b\u8fea\u62dcDar al-Manar\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\u7b2c1\u7248\uff0c1993\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c113\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14265\">[14]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u7684\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u7f8a\u76ae\u4e0a\u7684\u624b\u6284\u672c\uff0c\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u82cf\u4e39\uff08\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff09\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u73b0\u5b58\u4e8e\u57c3\u53ca\u4e66\u5c40\uff08Dar al-Kutub\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5404\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u624b\u6284\u672c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3001\uff08\u7231\u5c14\u5170\uff09\u90fd\u67cf\u6797\u5207\u65af\u7279\u7cbe\u7f8e\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f26\u6566\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6284\u672c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5728\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5854\u4ec0\u5e72\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176\u548c\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u7ecf\u6587\u540c\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u624b\u6284\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1d\u6beb\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<a title=\" \u6bd4\u62c9\u52d2&middot;\u83f2\u5229\u666e\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u6ce8\u539f\u7406\u300b\uff0c\u963f\u8054\u914b\u6c99\u8fe6 Dar al-Fatah\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1997\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c157\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14266\">[15]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\uff08\u5fb7\u56fd\uff09\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u5171\u641c\u96c6\u4e8642,000\u90e8\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u53e4\u6284\u672c\u3002\u5927\u7ea6\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62a5\u9053\uff1a\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6284\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5076\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6284\u5199\u5458\u4e66\u5199\u4e0a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f88\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u70b8\u6bc1\u3002<a title=\" \u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7&middot;\u54c8\u7c73\u675c\u62c9\uff1a\u300a\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u300b\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u62c9\u5408\u5c14Idara-e-Islamiat\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c179\u9875\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14267\">[16]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u4eec\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f51\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u8bf5\u8bfb\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u540c\u542f\u793a\u7ed9\u4f7f\u8005\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u5929\u542f\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u5b8c\u597d\u5730\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u88ab\u4eca\u4eba\u6240\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5982\u542f\u793a\u4e4b\u521d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9&middot;\u7f2a\u4e49\u5c14\u7235\u58eb\u58f0\u79f0\uff1a&ldquo;\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u3001\u80fd\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u660e\u6587\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u6709\u5341\u56db\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u3002&rdquo;<a title=\" \u5a01\u5ec9&middot;\u7f2a\u4e49\u5c14\u7235\u58eb\uff1a\u300a\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u751f\u5e73\u300b\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\uff0c1894\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u5bfc\u8bba\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14268\">[17]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bba\u636e\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u5b89\u62c9\u5728\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u8bfa\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u6211\u786e\u5df2\u964d\u793a\u6559<\/strong><strong>\u8bf2\uff0c\u6211\u786e\u662f\u6559\u8bf2\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u8005\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u300a\u53e4<\/strong><strong>\u5170\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong><strong>15<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>9<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u80cc\u8bb0\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4e66\u5199\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u8fc7\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14252\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;\u8d3e\u62c9\u91cc&middot;\u4e01&middot;\u82cf\u4f18\u63d0\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u5b66\u7cbe\u89e3\u300b\uff0c\u8d1d\u9c81\u7279Maktab al-Thiqaafiyya\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1973\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c41\u548c99\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14253\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;\u4f0a\u672c&middot;\u54c8\u6770\u5c14&middot;\u963f\u65af\u683c\u62c9\u5c3c\uff1a\u300a\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u751f\u5e73\u8003\u8bc1\u300b\uff0c\u8d1d\u9c81\u7279Dar al-Fikr\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1978\u5e74\uff1b\u62dc\u4e9a\u5c14&middot;\u9053\u5947\uff1a\u300a\u5948\u8482\u59c6\u4e66\u5f55\uff1a\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6587\u5316\u7eb5\u89c8\u300b\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1970\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c53-63\u9875\uff1b\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7M. \u963f\u624e\u7c73\uff1a\u300a\u4f7f\u8005\u4e66\u4fe1\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u8d1d\u9c81\u7279Al-Maktab al-Islami\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1974\u5e74\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5171\u63d0\u53ca\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u5171\u670948\u540d\u5723\u95e8\u5f1f\u5b50\u4f5c\u4f7f\u8005\u7684\u4e66\u8bb0\u5458\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14254\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;\u54c8\u91cc\u65af&middot;\u7a46\u54c8\u6492\u5e03\uff1a\u300a\u5723\u8bad\u6ce8\u89e3\u300b\uff0c\u5f15\u8bc1\u82cf\u4f18\u63d0\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u5b66\u7cbe\u89e3\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c58\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14255\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;\u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c6\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c201\u548c509\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\uff1b\u7b2c9\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c301\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14256\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;\u4f0a\u672c&middot;\u54c8\u6770\u5c14&middot;\u963f\u65af\u683c\u62c9\u5c3c\uff1a\u300a\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u7684\u5f00\u62d3\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c9\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c10-11\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14257\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;\u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c6\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c201\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14258\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;\u300a\u5e03\u54c8\u91cc\u5723\u8bad\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c4\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c709\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\uff1b\u7b2c6\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c507\u6bb5\u5723\u8bad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14259\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;\u7ea6\u7ff0&middot;\u4f2f\u987f\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u3009\u7684\u8f91\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1977\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c239-240\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14260\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;\u80af\u5c3c\u601d&middot;\u514b\u62c9\u683c\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u3009\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u300b\uff0c\u4f26\u6566George Allen &amp; Unwin,\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1973\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c26\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14261\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;\u53f2\u5a01\u529b\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u3009\u5386\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u83b1\u6bd4\u9521Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1909-38\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c2\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c120\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14262\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;\u4f18\u7d20\u798f&middot;\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23&middot;\u52aa\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u7684\u5b9a\u672c\u300b\uff0c\u963f\u8054\u914b\u8fea\u62dcDar al-Manar\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\uff0c1993\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c117\u9875\uff1b\u4f0a\u65af\u739b\u4eea&middot;\u9a6c\u8d6b\u675c\u59c6\uff1a\u300a\u5854\u4ec0\u5e72\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5b9a\u672c\u5386\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u4e4c\u5179\u522b\u514b\u65af\u5766\u5854\u4ec0\u5e72Al-Idara al-Diniya\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1971\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c22\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14263\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp;\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/\">http:\/\/www.unesco.org<\/a>.\uff09&nbsp;I. \u5b5f\u5fb7\u5c14\u900a\uff1a&ldquo;\u85cf\u4e8e\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6492\u9a6c\u5c14\u7f55\u7684\u5e93\u6cd5\u4f53\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7248\u672c&rdquo;\uff0c\u300a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e16\u754c\u300b\uff0c1940\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c357-358\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14264\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp;\u300a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e16\u754c\u300b\uff0c1940\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c30\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c357-358\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14265\">[14]<\/a>&nbsp;\u4f18\u7d20\u798f&middot;\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23&middot;\u52aa\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u7684\u5b9a\u672c\u300b\uff0c\u963f\u8054\u914b\u8fea\u62dcDar al-Manar\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\u7b2c1\u7248\uff0c1993\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c113\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14266\">[15]<\/a>&nbsp;\u6bd4\u62c9\u52d2&middot;\u83f2\u5229\u666e\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u6ce8\u539f\u7406\u300b\uff0c\u963f\u8054\u914b\u6c99\u8fe6&nbsp;Dar al-Fatah\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1997\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c157\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14267\">[16]<\/a>&nbsp;\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7&middot;\u54c8\u7c73\u675c\u62c9\uff1a\u300a\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u300b\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u62c9\u5408\u5c14Idara-e-Islamiat\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c179\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/cn\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14268\">[17]<\/a>&nbsp;\u5a01\u5ec9&middot;\u7f2a\u4e49\u5c14\u7235\u58eb\uff1a\u300a\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u751f\u5e73\u300b\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\uff0c1894\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u5bfc\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":14602,"lft":184,"rght":185,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-26T22:26:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T14:35:09.000000Z","language_id":18,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":15,"parent_id":135,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"About Qur'an & Hadith","category_slug":"About-Quran-and-Hadith","get_date":"2014-07-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh_Preservation of the Quran.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh_Preservation of the Quran.docx"},{"id":228,"title":"\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u4fdd\u6301","slug":"8754","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/53d3d518-5fb4-47d3-b8ca-3984b8adb1fd-ja_Preservation of the Quran.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/53d3d518-90d0-4997-a922-3984b8adb1fd-ja_Preservation of the Quran.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:8754","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u4fdd\u6301<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u6697\u8a18<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_jp\/images\/reservation_of_the_Quran_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u306e\u8056\u5178\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u5929\u4f7f\u30ac\u30d6\u30ea\u30a8\u30eb\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\uff08\u795e\u306e\u6148\u60b2\u3068\u795d\u798f\u3042\u308c\uff09\u306b\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u8a9e\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u5553\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f23\u5e74\u9593\u306b\u6e21\u3063\u3066\u65ad\u7d9a\u7684\u306b\u4e0b\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6642\u306b\u306f\u77ed\u3044\u7bc0\u3005\u3067\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6642\u306b\u306f\u9577\u3044\u7ae0\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u5553\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a title=\" \u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u30fb\u30cf\u30df\u30fc\u30c9\u30a5\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc,Introduction to Islam,\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\uff1aMWH Publishers\u30001979\u5e74,17\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14839\">1<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u9010\u8a9e\u7684\u306b&ldquo;\u8aad\u3080\u3082\u306e&rdquo;\u307e\u305f\u306f&ldquo;\u6717\u8aa6\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e&rdquo;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u3001&ldquo;\u30a2\u30cf\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30b9&rdquo;\uff08\u9010\u8a9e\u7684\u306b&ldquo;\u77e5\u3089\u305b&rdquo;\u3001&ldquo;\u5831\u544a&rdquo;\u307e\u305f\u306f&ldquo;\u4f1d\u627f&rdquo;\uff09\u3068\u7dcf\u5408\u7684\u306b\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u306f\u500b\u5225\u306b\u8a18\u9332\u30fb\u4fdd\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u6765\u305f\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u8a00\u884c\u9332\uff08\u30b9\u30f3\u30ca\uff09\u3068\u306f\u5168\u304f\u5225\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306f\u5553\u793a\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u306b\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u4f7f\u547d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305d\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\u306b\u52d9\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u6559\u53cb\u305f\u3061\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u805e\u3044\u305f\u5168\u304f\u540c\u3058\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3001\u5168\u304f\u540c\u3058\u9806\u756a\u306b\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u3066\u6717\u8aa6\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5411\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3082\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001&ldquo;\u30af\u30eb&rdquo;\uff08<strong>&ldquo;\uff3b\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u3088\u3001\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\uff3d\u8a00\u3048\uff09\u306a\u3069\u304c\u305d\u306e\u597d\u4f8b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u5f8b\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u6587\u4f53\u3068\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u8c4a\u304b\u3055\u306f\u3001\u6697\u8a18\u3092\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u3055\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u795e\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3053\u305d\u304c\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u4fdd\u8b77\u3068\u8a18\u61b6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;44<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>58<\/strong><strong>\u3001<\/strong><strong>54<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>17&minus;22&minus;32&minus;40<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u7279\u306b\u30a2\u30e9\u30d6\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u9577\u3044\u8a69\u6587\u306e\u6717\u8aad\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u8a87\u308b\u3079\u304d\u6587\u5316\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30de\u30a4\u30b1\u30eb\u30fb\u30ba\u30a6\u30a7\u30c3\u30c8\u30e9\u30fc\u306f\u3053\u3046\u8a18\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;\u6587\u66f8\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u304c\u6b86\u3069\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u53e4\u4ee3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u3068\u53e3\u982d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4f1d\u9054\u304c\u884c\u306a\u308f\u308c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u60f3\u50cf\u306e\u3064\u304b\u306a\u3044\u7a0b\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306b\u307e\u3067\u767a\u9054\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002&rdquo;<a title=\" \u30de\u30a4\u30b1\u30eb\u30fb\u30ba\u30a6\u30a7\u30c3\u30c8\u30e9\u30fc,The Oral Tradition of Classical Arabic Poetry,Ohio State Press,1978\u5e74,14\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14840\">2<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u305d\u308c\u6545\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5553\u793a\u306e\u5927\u534a\u306f\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u8a18\u61b6\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u6559\u53cb\u305f\u3061\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u5553\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7bc0\u3005\u3092\u5b66\u3093\u3067\u4ed6\u8005\u306b\u4f1d\u9054\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u5968\u52b1\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a title=\" \u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc,6\u5dfb,546\u756a\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14841\">3<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u307e\u305f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u5d07\u62dd\u884c\u70ba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7279\u306b\u65e5\u8ab2\u793c\u62dd\uff08\u30b5\u30e9\u30fc\uff09\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u306b\u6717\u8aa6\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u624b\u6bb5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5f7c\u306b\u4e0b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5553\u793a\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u5927\u52e2\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u805e\u304b\u308c\u3001\u6697\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u3001\u793c\u62dd\u3067\u6717\u8aa6\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8056\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u5b57\u4e00\u53e5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u307e\u308b\u3054\u3068\u6559\u53cb\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6697\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306b\u306f\u30b6\u30a4\u30c9\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30c8\u3001\u30a6\u30d0\u30a4\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30ab\u30a2\u30d6\u3001\u30e0\u30a2\u30fc\u30ba\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30b8\u30e3\u30d0\u30eb\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30a2\u30d6\u30fc\u30fb\u30b6\u30a4\u30c9\u3089<a title=\" \u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc,6\u5dfb,525\u756a\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14842\">4<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u307e\u305f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u4e00\u5b57\u4e00\u53e5\u306f\u5358\u306b\u6697\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u767a\u97f3\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5f8c\u306b\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u305f\u30bf\u30b8\u30e5\u30a6\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u5b66\u306e\u767a\u97f3\u6cd5\u3068\u5171\u306b\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5b66\u554f\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u3068\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u3044\u304b\u306b\u767a\u97f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u304b\u3092\u6975\u3081\u3066\u660e\u77ad\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4eca\u65e5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u3001\u307e\u308b\u3067\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u751f\u304d\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30a2\u30e9\u30d6\u4eba\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u6717\u8aa6\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3092\u898b\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u66f4\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u7ae0\u53e5\u306e\u914d\u5217\u306f\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6307\u5c0e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6559\u53cb\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3082\u826f\u304f\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a title=\" \u30a2\u30cf\u30de\u30c9\u30fb\u30f4\u30a9\u30f3\u30fb\u30c7\u30f3\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb,Ulum al-Quran,The Islamic Foundation,\u82f1\u56fd, 1983\u5e74,\uff14\uff11&minus;\uff14\uff12\u9801,\u30a2\u30fc\u30b5\u30fc\u30fb\u30b8\u30a7\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc,Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran,Leiden:Brill,1937\u5e74,31\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14843\">5<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u307e\u305f\u6bce\u5e74\u30e9\u30de\u30c0\u30fc\u30f3\u6708\uff08\u30d2\u30b8\u30e5\u30e9\u66a69\u6708\uff09\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5929\u4f7f\u30ac\u30d6\u30ea\u30a8\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u5553\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5168\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u6717\u8aa6\u3055\u308c\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306f\u304b\u308c\u306e\u3042\u3068\u306b\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u6717\u8aa6\u3057\u3001\u6559\u53cb\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4f55\u4eba\u304b\u3082\u305d\u3053\u306b\u540c\u4f34\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a title=\" \u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc,6\u5dfb,519\u756a\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14844\">6<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u307e\u305f\u5f7c\u304c\u901d\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306e\u30e9\u30de\u30c0\u30fc\u30f3\u6708\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30ac\u30d6\u30ea\u30a8\u30eb\u306f\u5168\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u4e8c\u56de\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u3066\u6717\u8aa6\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a title=\" \u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc,6\u5dfb,518,520\u756a\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14845\">7<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u3053\u3046\u3057\u3066\u5404\u7ae0\u3001\u5404\u7bc0\u3005\u306e\u914d\u5217\u306f\u6559\u53cb\u305f\u3061\u306e\u8a18\u61b6\u306b\u88dc\u5f37\u3055\u308c\u3066\u7559\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u6559\u53cb\u305f\u3061\u306f\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u5730\u57df\u3084\u56fd\u5bb6\u306b\u62e1\u6563\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3063\u305f\u969b\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5730\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u6559\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3001\u6717\u8aa6\u6cd5\u3092\u643a\u3048\u3066\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a title=\" \u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30d2\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u30e0,\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u4f1d,\u30ab\u30a4\u30ed,n.d.11\u5dfb,199\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14846\">8<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5e83\u7bc4\u56f2\u306b\u53ca\u3076\u5404\u5730\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u540c\u3058\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u6717\u8aa6\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u7dad\u6301\u306b\u6210\u529f\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5b9f\u306b\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u6697\u8a18\u306f\u4f55\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u3082\u6e21\u3063\u3066\u9023\u306a\u308b\u4f1d\u7d71\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u5b66\u6821\u30fb\u6a5f\u95a2\u306e\u8a2d\u7acb\u306b\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u6559\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a title=\" \u30e9\u30d3\u30fc\u30d6\u30fb\u30a2\u30c3\u30b5\u30a4\u30fc\u30c9,The Recited Koran,\u30e2\u30ed\u30fc\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30ac\u30fc\u8a33,A.\u30e9\u30a6\u30fc\u30d5,\u30d0\u30fc\u30ca\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30ef\u30a4\u30b9,\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\uff1aThe Darwin Press,1975\u5e74,59\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14847\">9<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5b66\u6821\u3067\u3001\u751f\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u6697\u8a18\u3092\u30bf\u30b8\u30e5\u30a6\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u3068\u5171\u306b\u5e2b\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u5b66\u3073\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u5e2b\u3082\u307e\u305f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5e2b\u304b\u3089\u5e2b\u3078\u3068\u8fbf\u3063\u3066\u884c\u304f\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u6e90\u3092\u795e\u306e\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306b\u307e\u3067\u9061\u308b\u3001\u9014\u5207\u308c\u306e\u306a\u3044\u76f8\u4f1d\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u306b\u540d\u3092\u9023\u306d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u7fd2\u5f97\u306e\u904e\u7a0b\u306f\u901a\u5e383\u5e74\u304b\u30896\u5e74\u7a0b\u304b\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u719f\u7df4\u3092\u53ce\u3081\u3001\u6717\u8aa6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9593\u9055\u3044\u304c\u7121\u3044\u304b\u3092\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u751f\u5f92\u306f\u514d\u8a31\u72b6\uff08\u30a4\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30b6\uff09\u3092\u6e21\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6717\u8aa6\u6cd5\u306e\u719f\u7df4\u6027\u3068\u3001\u795e\u306e\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u304c\u884c\u306a\u3063\u305f\u901a\u308a\u306e\u6717\u8aa6\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_jp\/images\/reservation_of_the_Quran_(part_1_of_2)_002.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u3053\u306e\u5199\u771f\u306f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u6717\u8aa6\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3055\u305b\u305f\u6681\u306b\u767a\u884c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u307e\u3067\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u514d\u8a31\u72b6\uff08\u30a4\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30b6\uff09\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30b7\u30e3\u30a4\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30cf\u30de\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30c3\uff1d\u30ba\u30a3\u30fc\u30e4\u306b\u3088\u308a\u767a\u884c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3001\u30af\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30c8\u51fa\u8eab\u306e\u8457\u540d\u306a\u6717\u8aa6\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30de\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30e9\u30b7\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30a2\u30d5\u30a1\u30b9\u30a3\u30fc\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5199\u771f\u63d0\u4f9b\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.alafasy.com\/\">http:\/\/www.alafasy.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u975e\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u306e\u6771\u6d0b\u5b66\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308bA.T.\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u30c1\u306f\u8a18\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306e\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u897f\u6d0b\u7684\u4fa1\u5024\u89b3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5553\u5178\u30fb\u8056\u5178\u3068\u306f\u4e00\u7dda\u3092\u753b\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5727\u5012\u7684\u591a\u6570\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306e\u6570\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u3082\u6e21\u308b\u305d\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3068\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u53e3\u8ff0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f7c\u306e\u6559\u53cb\u305f\u3061\u3078\u304a\u3088\u305d20\u5e74\u306b\u3082\u6e21\u308a\u5531\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u5143\u6765\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u5553\u793a\u306f\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u6559\u53cb\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f7c\u306e\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u306b\u6697\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u5199\u672c\u304b\u3089\u306f\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u512a\u5148\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u6765\u306f\u53e3\u8ff0\u306e\u4f1d\u7d71\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4f55\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u3082\u6e21\u308a\u3001\u6717\u8aa6\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\uff08\u30af\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u53e3\u8ff0\u306e\u4f1d\u7d71\u306f\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u3064\u3044\u6700\u8fd1\u307e\u3067\u3001\u897f\u6d0b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u6717\u8aa6\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u826f\u3044\u7a0b\u305d\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002&rdquo;<a title=\" \u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u767e\u79d1\u4e8b\u5178,&ldquo;The Quran in Muslim Life and Thought.&rdquo;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14848\">10<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u6050\u3089\u304f\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306b\u307f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u3082\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6697\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u66f8\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<a title=\" \u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0,Beyond the Written Word,\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\uff1aCambridge Universit Press,1993\u5e74,80\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14849\">11<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u6771\u6d0b\u5b66\u306e\u5148\u92ed\u3001\u30b1\u30cd\u30b9\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30c3\u30b0\u306f\u3053\u3046\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;&ldquo;\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u3053\u306e\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u6717\u8aa6\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u539f\u6587\u304c\u6570\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u6642\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u9014\u5207\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u7121\u304f\u3001\u6211\u3005\u306b\u751f\u304d\u305f\u5f62\u3067\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u305f\u3061\u306e\u732e\u8eab\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u6545\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u53e4\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u9060\u3044\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u6587\u66f8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3082\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u30d2\u30d5\u30ba\uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u6697\u8a18\uff09\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306f\u3001\u6642\u306e\u7d4c\u904e\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3067\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u306e\u6240\u6709\u3068\u3057\u3001\u307e\u305f\u5168\u4e16\u4ee3\u304c\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u4fa1\u5024\u3068\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u6a29\u5a01\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u683c\u4e0b\u3052\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3082\u8a31\u3055\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002&rdquo;<a title=\" \u30b1\u30cd\u30b9\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30c3\u30b0,The Mind of the Quran,\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\uff1aGeorge Allen &amp; Unwin,1973\u5e74,26\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftn14850\">12<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14839\">1<\/a>&nbsp;\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u30fb\u30cf\u30df\u30fc\u30c9\u30a5\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc,Introduction to Islam,\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\uff1aMWH Publishers\u30001979\u5e74,17\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14840\">2<\/a>&nbsp;\u30de\u30a4\u30b1\u30eb\u30fb\u30ba\u30a6\u30a7\u30c3\u30c8\u30e9\u30fc,The Oral Tradition of Classical Arabic Poetry,Ohio State Press,1978\u5e74,14\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14841\">3<\/a>&nbsp;\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc,6\u5dfb,546\u756a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14842\">4<\/a>&nbsp;\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc,6\u5dfb,525\u756a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14843\">5<\/a>&nbsp;\u30a2\u30cf\u30de\u30c9\u30fb\u30f4\u30a9\u30f3\u30fb\u30c7\u30f3\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb,Ulum al-Quran,The Islamic Foundation,\u82f1\u56fd, 1983\u5e74,\uff14\uff11&minus;\uff14\uff12\u9801,\u30a2\u30fc\u30b5\u30fc\u30fb\u30b8\u30a7\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc,Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran,Leiden:Brill,1937\u5e74,31\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14844\">6<\/a>&nbsp;\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc,6\u5dfb,519\u756a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14845\">7<\/a>&nbsp;\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc,6\u5dfb,518,520\u756a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14846\">8<\/a>&nbsp;\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30d2\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u30e0,\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u4f1d,\u30ab\u30a4\u30ed,n.d.11\u5dfb,199\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14847\">9<\/a>&nbsp;\u30e9\u30d3\u30fc\u30d6\u30fb\u30a2\u30c3\u30b5\u30a4\u30fc\u30c9,The Recited Koran,\u30e2\u30ed\u30fc\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30ac\u30fc\u8a33,A.\u30e9\u30a6\u30fc\u30d5,\u30d0\u30fc\u30ca\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30ef\u30a4\u30b9,\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\uff1aThe Darwin Press,1975\u5e74,59\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14848\">10<\/a>&nbsp;\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u767e\u79d1\u4e8b\u5178,&ldquo;The Quran in Muslim Life and Thought.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14849\">11<\/a>&nbsp;\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0,Beyond the Written Word,\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\uff1aCambridge Universit Press,1993\u5e74,80\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref14850\">12<\/a>&nbsp;\u30b1\u30cd\u30b9\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30c3\u30b0,The Mind of the Quran,\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\uff1aGeorge Allen &amp; Unwin,1973\u5e74,26\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u5199\u672c<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u5553\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\uff08\u5f7c\u306b\u795e\u306e\u79f0\u8cdb\u3042\u308c\uff09\u306e\u6307\u793a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5168\u3066\u304c\u8aad\u307f\u66f8\u304d\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u6559\u53cb\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u66f8\u304d\u7559\u3081\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6700\u3082\u8457\u540d\u306a\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u30b6\u30a4\u30c9\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30c8\u306e\u540d\u304c\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<a title=\" \u30b8\u30e3\u30e9\u30fc\u30eb\u30c3\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30f3\u30fb\u30b9\u30e6\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u3001Al-Itqan fee &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran,\u30d9\u30a4\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\uff1aMaktab al-Thiqaafiyya,1973\u5e74,1\u5dfb,41\uff0699\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14851\">1<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u4ed6\u306b\u3082\u30a6\u30d0\u30a4\u30a4\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30ab\u30a2\u30d6\u3001\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30de\u30b9\u30a6\u30fc\u30c9\u3001\u30e0\u30a2\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30e4\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30d3\u30fc\u30fb\u30b9\u30d5\u30e4\u30fc\u30f3\u3001\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30c9\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30ef\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u3001\u30ba\u30d0\u30a4\u30eb\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30c3\u30ef\u30fc\u30e0\u306a\u3069\u306b\u3088\u308a\u7b46\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a title=\" \u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30cf\u30b8\u30e3\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30a2\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u30cb\u30fc,Al-Isabah fee Taymeez as-Sahabah,\u30d9\u30a4\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8: Dar al-Fikr,1978\u5e74\uff1b\u30d0\u30e4\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30c9\u30c3\u30b8,The Fihrist of al-Nadeem: A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture,\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af: Columbia University Press,1970\u5e74, 53&minus;63\u9801\u3002\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u30fbM\u30fb\u30a2\u30b6\u30df,Kuttab al-Nabi,\u30d9\u30a4\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8: Al-Maktab al-Islam\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14852\">2<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u7bc0\u3005\u306f\u9769\u3001\u7f8a\u76ae\u7d19\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u80a9\u7532\u9aa8\u3001\u30ca\u30c4\u30e1\u30e4\u30b7\u306e\u830e\u306a\u3069\u306b\u8a18\u9332\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a title=\" \u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30b9\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30e0\u30cf\u30fc\u30b5\u30d3\u30fc,Kitab Fahm al-Sunan,\u30b9\u30e6\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u306eAl-Itqan fi &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5370\u7528,1\u5dfb,58\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14853\">3<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u66f8\u7269\u306e\u5f62\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u7de8\u7e82\u306f\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u6b7b\u5f8c\u3001\u30ab\u30ea\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30d6\u30fc\u30fb\u30d0\u30af\u30eb\u306e\u5143\u3067\u3001\u30e4\u30de\u30fc\u30de\u306e\u6226\u3044\uff08\u30d2\u30b8\u30e5\u30e9\u66a611\u5e74\uff0f\u897f\u66a6633\u5e74\uff09\u306e\u5f8c\u3059\u3050\u884c\u306a\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6226\u3044\u3067\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6559\u53cb\u305f\u3061\u304c\u6226\u6b7b\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u6697\u8a18\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306e\u6b7b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u305d\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u55aa\u5931\u304c\u5fc3\u914d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30a6\u30de\u30eb\u306e\u793a\u5506\u304b\u3089\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u7b46\u9332\u53ce\u96c6\u304c\u958b\u59cb\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30a2\u30d6\u30fc\u30fb\u30d0\u30af\u30eb\u306f\u30b6\u30a4\u30c9\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30c8\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u9577\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6307\u540d\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u56db\u6563\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u7b46\u9332\u3092\u30e0\u30b9\u30cf\u30d5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5168\u5553\u793a\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u7559\u3081\u308b\u3088\u3046\u6e96\u5099\u3055\u305b\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<a title=\" \u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc,6\u5dfb201\u756a\u3068509\u756a\uff1b9\u5dfb301\u756a\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14854\">4<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u306a\u304a\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u7de8\u7e82\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30df\u30b9\u3092\u9632\u3050\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u306b\u66f8\u304d\u7559\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e\u307f\u306b\u9650\u3063\u3066\u53ce\u96c6\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u4fe1\u6191\u6027\u306b\u7591\u554f\u304c\u3042\u308b\u7bc0\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4e8c\u4eba\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u306e\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u304c\u305d\u308c\u3092\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u6717\u8aa6\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a3c\u8a00\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306e\u307f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a title=\" \u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30cf\u30b8\u30e3\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30a2\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u30cb\u30fc,Fath al-Bari,\u20159\u5dfb,10\u201511\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14855\">5<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u3053\u3046\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u696d\u304c\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u6559\u53cb\u306e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u627f\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5199\u672c\u306f\u30ab\u30ea\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30d6\u30fc\u30fb\u30d0\u30af\u30eb\uff08\u30d2\u30b8\u30e5\u30e9\u66a613\u5e74\u6ca1\uff0f\u897f\u66a6634\u5e74\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4fdd\u7ba1\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30ab\u30ea\u30d5\u30fb\u30a6\u30de\u30eb\uff08\u4efb\u671f\u306f\u30d2\u30b8\u30e5\u30e9\u66a6\u2015\u201513\u201523\u5e74\uff0f634\u2015644\u5e74\uff09\u306b\u624b\u6e21\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u30a6\u30de\u30eb\u306e\u5a18\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u672a\u4ea1\u4eba\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u30cf\u30d5\u30b5\u306e\u3082\u3068\u306b\u6e21\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a title=\" \u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc,6\u5dfb201\u756a\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14856\">6<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4e09\u4ee3\u76ee\u30ab\u30ea\u30d5\u30fb\u30a6\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30f3\uff08\u30d2\u30b8\u30e5\u30e9\u66a6\u2015\u201523\u201535\u5e74\uff0f\u897f\u66a6644\u2015656\u5e74\uff09\u306f\u3001\u30cf\u30d5\u30b5\u304c\u4fdd\u7ba1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u5199\u672c\u3092\u5f7c\u306b\u9001\u308b\u3088\u3046\u8981\u8acb\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5199\u672c\u306e\u8907\u88fd\uff08\u30de\u30b5\u30fc\u30d2\u30d5\u3001\u5358\uff1a\u30e0\u30b9\u30cf\u30d5\uff09\u3092\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u4f5c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u547d\u3058\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4efb\u52d9\u306f\u6559\u53cb\u306e\u30b6\u30a4\u30c9\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30c8\u3001\u30a2\u30d6\u30c9\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30c3\uff1d\u30ba\u30d0\u30a4\u30eb\u3001\u30b5\u30a4\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30b9\u30a2\u30b9\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30a2\u30d6\u30c9\u30c3\u30e9\u30d5\u30de\u30fc\u30f3\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30b9\u30fb\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30d2\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u4efb\u305b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a title=\" \u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc,4\u5dfb709\u756a\uff1b6\u5dfb507\u756a\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14857\">7<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u30d2\u30b8\u30e5\u30e9\u66a625\u5e74\uff0f\u897f\u66a6646\u5e74\uff09\u306b\u4f34\u3044\u3001\u30a6\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u5143\u306e\u5199\u672c\u3092\u30cf\u30d5\u30b5\u306b\u8fd4\u5374\u3057\u3001\u8907\u88fd\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5199\u672c\u3092\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u306b\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u56fd\u5bb6\u5404\u5730\u306e\u8fba\u5883\u3078\u3068\u9001\u4ed8\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u7de8\u7e82\u30fb\u4fdd\u6301\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u884c\u306a\u3063\u305f\u6570\u3005\u306e\u975e\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u308b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u7de8\u7e82\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5b9f\u7e3e\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u305f\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u624b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u305d\u308c\u306f\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7ba1\u7406\u3055\u308c\u3001\u627f\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f62\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u6211\u3005\u306e\u624b\u5143\u306b\u73fe\u5728\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3001\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u5199\u672c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002&rdquo;<a title=\" \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8\u30f3,The Collection of the Quran,\u30ab\u30f3\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\uff1aCambridge University Press,1977\u5e74,239&minus;240\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14858\">8<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u307e\u305f\u30b1\u30cd\u30b9\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30c3\u30b0\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u5553\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304b\u3089\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f&ldquo;\u751f\u304d\u305f\u5f62\u3067\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u305f\u3061\u306e\u732e\u8eab\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b&rdquo;<a title=\" \u30b1\u30cd\u30b9\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30c3\u30b0,The Mind of the Quran,\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\uff1aGeorge Allen &amp; Unwin,1973\u5e74,26\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14859\">9<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30b7\u30e5\u30ef\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u610f\u898b\u3082\u5f7c\u306e\u610f\u898b\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;\u5553\u793a\u306e\u65ad\u7247\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3001\u6211\u3005\u306f\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u6b8b\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u5168\u304f\u540c\u3058\u3082\u306e\u304c\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u9593\u306b\u5e83\u304f\u4f1d\u9054\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u4fe1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002&rdquo;<a title=\" \u30b7\u30e5\u30ef\u30ea\u30fc, Geschichte des Qorans, \u30e9\u30a4\u30d7\u30c1\u30d2: Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1909&minus;1938,2\u5dfb,120\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14860\">10<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4fe1\u6191\u6027\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30ea\u30d5\u30fb\u30a6\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9001\u4ed8\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5199\u672c\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u307e\u3060\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u66f4\u306b\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4e2d\u592e\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u30fb\u30a6\u30ba\u30d9\u30ad\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u306e\u30bf\u30b7\u30b1\u30f3\u30c8\u5e02\u306b\u3042\u308b\u535a\u7269\u9928\u306b\u5c55\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a title=\" \u30e6\u30fc\u30b9\u30d5\u30fb\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u30e0\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\uff1d\u30cc\u30fc\u30eb, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif,\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed.,1993\u5e74,117\u9801\uff1b\u30a4\u30b9\u30de\u2015\u30a4\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30de\u30d5\u30c9\u30a5\u30fc\u30e0,Tarikh al-Mushaf al-Uthmani fi Tashqand,\u30bf\u30b7\u30b1\u30f3\u30c8: Al-Idara al-Diniya,1971\u5e74,22\u9801ff\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14861\">11<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u56fd\u9023\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30e6\u30cd\u30b9\u30b3\u306e\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u8a18\u61b6\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u696d\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001&lsquo;\u305d\u308c\u306f<em>\u30a6\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u30e0\u30b9\u30cf\u30d5<\/em>\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7248\u3067\u3042\u308b&rsquo;<a title=\" (http:\/\/www.unesco.org.)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14862\">12<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_jp\/images\/reservation_of_the_Quran_(part_2_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30a6\u30ba\u30d9\u30ad\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u8a55\u8b70\u4f1a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7ba1\u7406\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u306e\u5199\u672c\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u6700\u53e4\u306e\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30a6\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u30e0\u30b9\u30cf\u30d5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7248\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5199\u771f\u63d0\u4f9b\uff1a\u30e6\u30cd\u30b9\u30b3\u30fb\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u8a18\u61b6<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30bf\u30b7\u30b1\u30f3\u30c8\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30e0\u30b9\u30cf\u30d5\u306f\u3001\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u30d3\u30a2\u5927\u5b66\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u306b\u305d\u306e\u8907\u5199\u304c\u5c55\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a title=\" The Muslim World, 1940\u5e74, 30\u5dfb, 357&minus;358\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14863\">13<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u3053\u306e\u5199\u672c\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u51fa\u56de\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u305d\u308c\u3068\u6559\u53cb\u305f\u3061\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u305d\u308c\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2\u306b\u9001\u4ed8\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30e0\u30b9\u30cf\u30d5\u306e\u5199\u672c\u3082\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30d6\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u30c8\u30d7\u30ab\u30d4\u535a\u7269\u9928\u306b\u5c55\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001<a title=\" \u30e6\u30fc\u30b9\u30d5\u30fb\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u30e0\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\uff1d\u30cc\u30fc\u30eb, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, \u30c9\u30d0\u30a4: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993\u5e74, 113\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14864\">14<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u307e\u305f\u7f8a\u76ae\u7d19\u306b\u8a18\u9332\u3055\u308c\u305f\u53e4\u3044\u5199\u672c\u3082\u30a8\u30b8\u30d7\u30c8\u306e\u30c0\u30fc\u30eb\u30eb\uff1d\u30af\u30c8\u30a5\u30d6\u30fb\u30a2\u30c3\uff1d\u30b9\u30eb\u30bf\u30fc\u30cb\u30fc\u30e4\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u305f\u6570\u3005\u306e\u53e4\u3044\u5199\u672c\u306f\u3001\u30ef\u30b7\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3\u306e\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u8b70\u4f1a\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3001\u30c0\u30d6\u30ea\u30f3\uff08\u30a2\u30a4\u30eb\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\uff09\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30fb\u30d3\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u535a\u7269\u9928\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u898b\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u5404\u5730\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306f\u30bf\u30b7\u30b1\u30f3\u30c8\u3001\u30c8\u30eb\u30b3\u3001\u30a8\u30b8\u30d7\u30c8\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u306f\u521d\u671f\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u304b\u3089\u5168\u304f\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u304c\u898b\u3042\u305f\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<a title=\" \u30d3\u30e9\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30c3\u30d7\u30b9, Usool at-Tafseer, \u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u30eb\u30b8\u30e3: Dar al-Fatah, 1997\u5e74, 157\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14865\">15<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u30df\u30e5\u30f3\u30d8\u30f3\u5927\u5b66\uff08\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\uff09\u306e\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3067\u306f\u30014\u4e072\u5343\u306b\u3082\u6e21\u308b\u5b8c\u5168\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u53e4\u3044\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u5199\u672c\u304c\u53ce\u96c6\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u306650\u5e74\u9593\u306b\u53ca\u3076\u8abf\u67fb\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u6642\u6298\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u305f\u7b46\u8a18\u5b98\u306e\u30df\u30b9\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5199\u672c\u306e\u9593\u306b\u306f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u304c\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u306f\u4e0d\u5e78\u306b\u3082\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u4e2d\u306b\u7834\u58ca\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a title=\" \u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u30fb\u30cf\u30df\u30fc\u30c9\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc, \u30e9\u30db\u30fc\u30eb: Idara-e-Islamiat, n.d., 179\u9801\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14866\">16<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u6559\u53cb\u305f\u3061\u306e\u52aa\u529b\u3068\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u795e\u306e\u529b\u6dfb\u3048\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u3082\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u5553\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f53\u6642\u3068\u540c\u3058\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u6717\u8aa6\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3057\u3066\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4fdd\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5143\u6765\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u5553\u5178\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30e0\u30a2\u30fc\u537f\u306f\u3053\u3046\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a&ldquo;\u6050\u3089\u304f\u300112\u4e16\u7d00\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f14\u4e16\u7d00\uff09\u306b\u3082\u6e21\u308a\u7d14\u7c8b\u306a\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u305f\u672c\u306f\u3053\u306e\u4e16\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002&rdquo;<a title=\" \u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30e0\u30a2\u30fc\u537f, Life of Mohamet, \u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3, 1894\u5e74, 1\u5dfb,\u5e8f\u8aac\u3002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftn14867\">17<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u6570\u3005\u306e\u8a3c\u62e0\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u795e\u306e\u7d04\u675f\u3092\u78ba\u8a3c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u308f\u308c\u3089\u3053\u305d\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8a13\u6212\u3092\u4e0b\u3057\u3001\u5fc5\u305a\u305d\u308c\u3092\u5b88\u8b77\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u8056\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3 <\/strong><strong>15<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><strong>9<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u672c\u306b\u3082\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u306a\u3044\u3001\u53e3\u982d\u3068\u5199\u672c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f62\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u4fdd\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5404\u3005\u306e\u5f62\u306f\u304a\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u4fe1\u6191\u6027\u3092\u652f\u3048\u5408\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14851\">1<\/a>&nbsp;\u30b8\u30e3\u30e9\u30fc\u30eb\u30c3\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30f3\u30fb\u30b9\u30e6\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u3001Al-Itqan fee &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran,\u30d9\u30a4\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\uff1aMaktab al-Thiqaafiyya,1973\u5e74,1\u5dfb,41\uff0699\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14852\">2<\/a>&nbsp;\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30cf\u30b8\u30e3\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30a2\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u30cb\u30fc,Al-Isabah fee Taymeez as-Sahabah,\u30d9\u30a4\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8: Dar al-Fikr,1978\u5e74\uff1b\u30d0\u30e4\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30c9\u30c3\u30b8,The Fihrist of al-Nadeem: A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture,\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af: Columbia University Press,1970\u5e74, 53&minus;63\u9801\u3002\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u30fbM\u30fb\u30a2\u30b6\u30df,Kuttab al-Nabi,\u30d9\u30a4\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8: Al-Maktab al-Islami,1974\u5e74,\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e48\u4eba\u306e\u7b46\u8a18\u5b98\u306b\u89e6\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14853\">3<\/a>&nbsp;\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30b9\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30e0\u30cf\u30fc\u30b5\u30d3\u30fc,Kitab Fahm al-Sunan,\u30b9\u30e6\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u306eAl-Itqan fi &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5370\u7528,1\u5dfb,58\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14854\">4<\/a>&nbsp;\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc,6\u5dfb201\u756a\u3068509\u756a\uff1b9\u5dfb301\u756a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14855\">5<\/a>&nbsp;\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30cf\u30b8\u30e3\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30a2\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u30cb\u30fc,Fath al-Bari,\u20159\u5dfb,10\u201511\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14856\">6<\/a>&nbsp;\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc,6\u5dfb201\u756a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14857\">7<\/a>&nbsp;\u30b5\u30d2\u30fc\u30d5\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\uff1d\u30d6\u30cf\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc,4\u5dfb709\u756a\uff1b6\u5dfb507\u756a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14858\">8<\/a>&nbsp;\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8\u30f3,The Collection of the Quran,\u30ab\u30f3\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\uff1aCambridge University Press,1977\u5e74,239&minus;240\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14859\">9<\/a>&nbsp;\u30b1\u30cd\u30b9\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30c3\u30b0,The Mind of the Quran,\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\uff1aGeorge Allen &amp; Unwin,1973\u5e74,26\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14860\">10<\/a>&nbsp;\u30b7\u30e5\u30ef\u30ea\u30fc,&nbsp;Geschichte des Qorans,&nbsp;\u30e9\u30a4\u30d7\u30c1\u30d2: Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1909&minus;1938,2\u5dfb,120\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14861\">11<\/a>&nbsp;\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9\u30d5\u30fb\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u30e0\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\uff1d\u30cc\u30fc\u30eb,&nbsp;Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif,\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed.,1993\u5e74,117\u9801\uff1b\u30a4\u30b9\u30de\u2015\u30a4\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30de\u30d5\u30c9\u30a5\u30fc\u30e0,Tarikh al-Mushaf al-Uthmani fi Tashqand,\u30bf\u30b7\u30b1\u30f3\u30c8: Al-Idara al-Diniya,1971\u5e74,22\u9801ff\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14862\">12<\/a>&nbsp;(http:\/\/www.unesco.org.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">I.\u30e1\u30f3\u30c7\u30eb\u30bd\u30f3,&ldquo;The Columbia University Copy Of The Samarqand Kufic Quran&rdquo;,The Moslem World\uff0c1940\u5e74,357&minus;358\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A.\u30b8\u30a7\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc&nbsp;&amp; I.&nbsp;\u30e1\u30f3\u30c7\u30eb\u30bd\u30f3,&ldquo;The Orthography Of The Samarqand Quran Codex&rdquo;, Journal Of The American Oriental Society,1942\u5e74,62\u5dfb,175&minus;195\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14863\">13<\/a>&nbsp;The Muslim World, 1940\u5e74, 30\u5dfb, 357&minus;358\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14864\">14<\/a>&nbsp;\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9\u30d5\u30fb\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u30e0\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\uff1d\u30cc\u30fc\u30eb, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif,&nbsp;\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed.,&nbsp;1993\u5e74, 113\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14865\">15<\/a>&nbsp;\u30d3\u30e9\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30c3\u30d7\u30b9, Usool at-Tafseer,&nbsp;\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u30eb\u30b8\u30e3: Dar al-Fatah,&nbsp;1997\u5e74, 157\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14866\">16<\/a>&nbsp;\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u30fb\u30cf\u30df\u30fc\u30c9\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc, \u30e9\u30db\u30fc\u30eb: Idara-e-Islamiat, n.d.,&nbsp;179\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/jp\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref14867\">17<\/a>&nbsp;\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30e0\u30a2\u30fc\u537f, Life of Mohamet,&nbsp;\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3, 1894\u5e74, 1\u5dfb,\u5e8f\u8aac\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":14869,"lft":186,"rght":187,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-26T22:26:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T16:39:39.000000Z","language_id":16,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":15,"parent_id":135,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"About Qur'an & Hadith","category_slug":"About-Quran-and-Hadith","get_date":"2014-07-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/53d3d518-90d0-4997-a922-3984b8adb1fd-ja_Preservation of the Quran.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/53d3d518-5fb4-47d3-b8ca-3984b8adb1fd-ja_Preservation of the Quran.docx"},{"id":229,"title":"La preservazione del Corano ","slug":"la-preservazione-del-corano-","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/it_Preservation of the Quran.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/it_Preservation of the Quran.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:la-preservazione-del-corano-","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\">La preservazione del Corano<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;la memorizzazione<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_it\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_1_of_2)_it._001.jpg\" alt=\"Preservation-of-the-Quran\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La Rivelazione si verific&ograve; in fasi successive, lungo un periodo di 23 anni, talora in brevi versetti, talora in lunghi capitoli.<a title=\" Muhammad Hamidullah, Introduction to Islam, London: MWH Publishers, 1979, p.17.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftn24273\">[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Il Corano (lett. una \"lettura\" o \"recitazione\") &egrave; distinto dalla registrazione dei detti e dei fatti (sunan) del Profeta Muhammad, che sono invece conservate come una letteratura separata, denominata generalmente \"ahadith\" (lett. \"notizie\", \"racconti\", \"narrazioni\").<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Quando cominci&ograve; a ricevere la Rivelazione, il Profeta si impegn&ograve; a trasmettere il messaggio divino ai suoi Compagni, attraverso la recitazione accurata delle Parole che gli erano rivelate, nel loro ordine esatto. Ci&ograve; &egrave; evidente anche per l'inclusione perfino delle parole con cui cui Dio si rivolgeva direttamente a lui, per esempio l'imperativo \"qul!\", \"di' (o Muhammad)!\".Lo stesso ritmato e l'espressione eloquente del Corano rende agevole la sua memorizzazione; perdipi&ugrave;, Iddio l'indica chiaramente come una delle sue qualit&agrave; essenziali, relativamente alla preservazione e rammemorazione (44:58, 54:17, etc), in particolar modo in seno alla societ&agrave; Araba, all'interno della quale la declamazione di lunghi versi poetici rappresentava un motivo di orgoglio. Michael Zwettler ha annotato che:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\"Nei tempi antichi, quando la scrittura era scarsamente utilizzata, la memoria e la trasmissione orale erano esercitate e consolidate fino ad un punto che oggi &egrave; quasi del tutto sconosciuto.\"<a title=\" Michael Zwettler, The Oral Tradition of Classical Arabic Poetry, Ohio State Press, 1978, p.14.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftn24274\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Lunghe parti della Rivelazione erano dunque facilmente memorizzate da un gran numero di persone della Comunit&agrave; del Profeta.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Il Profeta&nbsp; incoraggiava i suoi Compagni ad imparare ogni versetto che veniva rivelato, ed a trasmetterlo agli altri.<a title=\" Sahiih Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.546.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftn24275\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Il Corano doveva anche essere recitato regolarmente, come atto di adorazione, in particolar modo durante le orazioni quotidiane (salah). In tal modo, molte persone ascoltavano ripetutamente i brani della Rivelazione che venivano recitato loro, li memorizzavano e li recitavano a loro volta, durante le loro preghiere.L'intero Corano fu memorizzato verbatim (parola per parola) da alcuni illustri Compagni del Profeta; fra di loro, ci furono Zayd ibn Thabit, Ubayy ibn Ka'b, Mu'adh ibn Jabal, e Abu Zayd.<a title=\" Sahiih Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.525.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftn24276\">[4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Non furono soltanto le parole del Corano, ad essere memorizzate, bens&igrave; anche la loro pronuncia, che in seguito fu formalizzata in una vera e propria scienza, chiamata \"tajwid\". Questa scienza spiega meticolosamente come dev'essere pronunciata ogni lettera, cos&igrave; come ogni parola nel suo complesso, anche considerata insieme ad altre lettere o parole. A tutt'oggi, possiamo trovare persone di lingue differenti, che sono capaci di recitare il Corano come se fossero essi stessi degli Arabi, vissuti all'epoca del Profeta.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Inoltre, l'esatta ed ordinata successione delle diverse parti della Rivelazione fu sistematizzata dal Profeta&nbsp; stesso, e memorizzato meticolosamente dai suoi Compagni.<a title=\" Ahmad von Denffer, Ulum al-Quran, The Islamic Foundation, UK, 1983, p.41-42; Arthur Jeffery, Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran, Leiden: Brill, 1937, p.31.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftn24277\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;In occasione di ogni mese di Ramadan, il Profeta&nbsp; ripeteva a seguito dell'angelo Gabriele tutto il Corano, nel suo ordine esatto, nella misura in cui era stato rivelato fino a quel momento, ed alla presenza di un gran numero dei suoi Compagni.<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith No.519.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftn24278\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp; Nell'anno della sua morte, lo recit&ograve; due volte.<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith Nos.518 &amp; 520.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftn24279\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;In virt&ugrave; di ci&ograve;, l'ordine dei versetti in ogni capitolo, e l'ordine dei capitoli stessi, si fiss&ograve; chiaramente nella memoria di ognuno dei Compagni presenti.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Quando i Compagni emigrarono, e si diffusero in diverse regioni, variamente popolate, essi portarono con s&eacute; quanto avevano memorizzato ed imparato a recitare, per insegnarlo ad altri.&nbsp;<a title=\" Labib as-Said, The Recited Koran, translated by Morroe Berger, A. Rauf, and Bernard Weiss, Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1975, p.59.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftn24280\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;In tal modo, il medesimo Corano fu ampiamente conservato nelle memorie di molte persone, in vaste e diverse aree della Terra.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La memorizzazione del Corano si &egrave; perpetuata come una tradizione ininterrotta attraverso i secoli, con apposite scuole per la memorizzazione fondate in tutto il mondo musulmano.&nbsp;<a title=\" The Encyclopedia of Islam, &lsquo;The Quran in Muslim Life and Thought.&rsquo;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftn24281\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Questo processo dura generalmente tra i 3 ed i 6 anni. Dopo che &egrave; stata acquisita la necessaria padronanza, e la recitazione &egrave; stata esaminata per evitare qualsiasi errore, una persona &egrave; beneficiata di una licenza formale (ijazah), che certifica che ha padroneggiato le regole della recitazione e che pu&ograve; ora recitare il Corano nello stesso modo in cui fu recitato dal Profeta.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_it\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_1_of_2)_it._002.jpg\" alt=\"ejaza_1\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">L'immagine mostra una tipica licenza (ijaza) rilasciata al recitatore dopo aver recitato perfettamente il completo Corano, al recitatore viene attestato la catena ininterrotta di una voce recitante di istruttori risalenti al Profeta dell'Islam. L'immagine qui sopra &egrave; il certificato ijaza del Qari Mishari bin Rashid al-Afasy, voce recitante noto dal Kuwait, emessa dallo sceicco Ahmad al-Ziyyat. Immagine per gentile concessione di (http:\/\/www.alafasy.com.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A.T. Welch, un orientalista non musulmano, ha scritto:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;\"Per i Musulmani, il Corano &egrave; molto pi&ugrave; che una Scrittura od una forma di letteratura sacra, nel senso in cui viene solitamente intesa in Occidente. Il suo significato primario, per la grande maggioranza di loro, attraverso i secoli, &egrave; indissolubilmente legato alla sua forma orale, la forma in cui Esso &egrave; apparso, come \"recitazione\" salmodiata da Muhammad ai suoi seguaci, per un periodo di oltre vent'anni. Le rivelazioni furono memorizzate da alcuni seguaci di Muhammad durante la sua vita, e la tradizione orale che fu allora stabilita ebbe una storia continua, indipendente e per certi versi superiore a quella del Corano scritto. Attraverso i secoli la trasmissione orale dell'intero Corano &egrave; stata mantenuta da recitatori professionisti. Fino a tempi recenti, il significato del Corano recitato &egrave; stato compreso raramente in Occidente.\"<a title=\" The Encyclopedia of Islam, &lsquo;The Quran in Muslim Life and Thought.&rsquo;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftn24282\">[10]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Il Corano &egrave; peraltro il solo libro, religioso o profano, che sia stato memorizzato completamente da milioni di persone. Il noto orientalista Kenneth Cragg ha notata che:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\"Questo fenomeno della recitazione coranica segnala che il testo ha attraversato i secoli in un'ininterrotta sequenza vivente di devozione. Non pu&ograve; dunque essere derubricato a qualcosa di antiquato, n&eacute; ad un documento storico di un passato lontano. Il fatto della memorizzazione ha reso il Corano un possedimento presente, attraverso tutto l'arco delle epoche islamiche, e gli ha donato una dimensione umana di contemporaneit&agrave; ad ogni generazione, evitando sempre di relegarlo in una condizione di pura autorit&agrave; letterale, cui fare riferimento in maniera automatica ed impersonale\".\"<a title=\" Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftn24283\">[11]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Nota:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref24273\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Muhammad Hamidullah, Introduction to Islam, London: MWH Publishers, 1979, p.17.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref24274\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Michael Zwettler, The Oral Tradition of Classical Arabic Poetry, Ohio State Press, 1978, p.14.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref24275\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahiih Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith No.546.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref24276\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahiih Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith No.525.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref24277\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;Ahmad von Denffer, Ulum al-Quran, The Islamic Foundation, UK, 1983, p.41-42; Arthur Jeffery, Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran, Leiden: Brill, 1937, p.31.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref24278\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith No.519.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref24279\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith Nos.518 &amp; 520.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref24280\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;Labib as-Said, The Recited Koran, translated by Morroe Berger, A. Rauf, and Bernard Weiss, Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1975, p.59.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref24281\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;The Encyclopedia of Islam, &lsquo;The Quran in Muslim Life and Thought.&rsquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref24282\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;The Encyclopedia of Islam, &lsquo;The Quran in Muslim Life and Thought.&rsquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/19\/#_ftnref24283\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Quran, London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1973, p.26.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">il Corano scritto<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">L'intero Corano fu registrato per iscritto fin dal tempo della rivelazione, sotto la dettatura del Profeta, da alcuni suoi Compagni, tra cui Zayd ibn Thabit<a title=\" Jalal al-Din Suyuti, Al-Itqan fee &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Beirut: Maktab al-Thiqaafiyya, 1973, Vol.1, p.41 &amp; 99.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24284\">[1]<\/a>, Ubayy ibn Ka'b, Ibn Mas'ud, Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, Khalid ibn Walid e Zubayr ibn Awwam.<a title=\" Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Al-Isabah fee Taymeez as-Sahabah, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1978; Bayard Dodge, The Fihrist of al-Nadeem: A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture, NY: Columbia University Press, 1970, p.53-63. Muhammad M. Azami, in Kuttab al-Nabi, Bei\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24285\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;I versetti venivano scritti su foglie di palma, resti di ossa animali, ed altri materiali naturali.<a title=\" Al-Harith al-Muhasabi, Kitab Fahm al-Sunan, cited in Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Vol.1, p.58.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24286\">[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La definitiva codificazione del Corano fu effettuata poco dopo la battaglia di Yamama (633), dopo la morte del Profeta, durante il Califfato di Abu Bakr. Molti Compagni caddero martiri in quella battaglia, e si temette che se non fosse stata realizzata almeno una copia scritta del Corano, gran parte della Rivelazione avrebbe potuto andare perduta con la morte di coloro che l'avevano memorizzata. Cos&igrave;, sul suggerimento di 'Omar di riunire il Corano per iscritto, Abu Bakr richiese a Zayd ibn Thabit di presiedere una commissione che avrebbe riunito gli appunti scritti in precedenza in un'unica copia, che avrebbe raccolto in se stessa ed ordinatamente l'intera rivelazione.<a title=\" Saheeh Al-Bukhari Vol.6, Hadith Nos.201 &amp; 509; Vol.9, Hadith No.301.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24287\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Per evitare qualsiasi errore di trascrizione, la commissione accett&ograve; soltanto appunti che fossero stati scritti alla presenza del Profeta, e che potessero essere verificati da almeno due testimoni degni di fiducia, che avessero sentito direttamente il Profeta recitare il passaggio in questione.<a title=\" Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Fath al-Bari, Vol.9, p.10-11.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24288\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp; Una volta completati ed approvati unanimemente dai Compagni del Profeta, questi fogli furono consegnati ad Abu Bakr (634), alla cui morte passarono ad 'Omar (644) e successivamente alla figlia di 'Omar e vedova del Profeta, Hafsah&nbsp;<a title=\" Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol.6, Hadith No.201.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24289\">[6]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Il terzo Califfo 'Uthman (656) chiese ad Hafsah di inviargli il manoscritto che era in sua custodia, ed ordino la realizzazione di diverse sue copie. Questo compito fu affidato ai compagni Zayd Ibn Thabit, Abdullah Ibn Az-Zubair, Sa'id ibn As-'As, e Abdur-Rahman ibn Harith Ibn Hisham.&nbsp;<a title=\" John Burton, The Collection of the Quran, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977, p.239-40.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24290\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;Una volta completata la loro compilazione (646), rinvi&ograve; il manoscritto originale ad Hafsah, e provvedette a spedirne le copie nelle principali province dell'Impero islamico.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Anche un gran numero di studiosi non Musulmani, che hanno studiato la questione della compilazione scritta del Corano e della sua preservazione, ne hanno attestato l'autenticit&agrave;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">John Burton, al termine del suo sostanzioso lavoro sulla compilazione del Corano, afferma che il Corano come lo abbiamo oggi &egrave;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;\"&hellip;il testo che &egrave; sceso su di noi nella forma in cui fu sistemato ed approvato da Muhammad.Ci&ograve; che oggi abbiamo in mano &egrave; la versione autentica di Muhammad\".&nbsp;<a title=\" Schwally, La storia del Corano, Leipzig: Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1909-38, Vol.2, p.120.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24291\">[8]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Kenneth Cragg descrive la trasmissione del Corano dai tempi del Profeta&nbsp; fino ai giorni nostri come \"un'ininterrota sequenza vivente di devozione.&nbsp;<a title=\" Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.157\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24292\">[9]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Schwally aggiunge che: \"Per quanto riguarda le diverse parti della Rivelazione, possiamo confidare nel fatto che i loro brani sono stati generalmente trasmessi in modo esatto, cos&igrave; come sono stati lasciati dal Profeta\".&nbsp;<a title=\" Schwally, La storia del Corano, Leipzig: Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1909-38, Vol.2, p.120.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24293\">[10]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La credibilit&agrave; storica del Corano &egrave; stabilita inoltre dal fatto che una delle copie inviate dal Califfo 'Uthman &egrave; ancora esistente a tutt'oggi, e si trova in Uzbekistan, ed anche secondo l'attestazione dell'Unesco, rappresenta&nbsp;<em>&lsquo;la copia definitiva realizzata da 'Uthman.&rsquo;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Una copia del manoscritto conservato in Uzbekistan, Asia centrale&nbsp;<a title=\" Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, p.117; Isma&rsquo;il Makhdum, Tarikh al-Mushaf al-Uthmani fi Tashqand, Tashkent: Al-Idara al-Diniya, 1971, p.22ff.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24294\">[11]<\/a>. Secondo la memoria del Programma Mondiale, l'UNESCO, un insieme delle Nazioni Unite,&nbsp;<em>'&egrave; la versione definitiva, conosciuta come il Mushaf di Uthman.'<\/em><a title=\" (http:\/\/www.unesco.org.)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24295\">[12]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles_it\/images\/Preservation_of_the_Quran_(part_2_of_2)_it._001.jpg\" alt=\"1g\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Questo manoscritto, custodito dal Consiglio islamico dell'Uzbekistan, &egrave; la versione pi&ugrave; antica esistente scritta del Corano. &Egrave; la versione definitiva, nota come il Mushaf di Othman. Immagine per gentile concessione della Memoria del Mondo Register, l'UNESCO.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Un facsimile &egrave; disponibile presso la Columbia University, negli Stati Uniti.<a title=\" The Muslim World, 1940, Vol.30, p.357-358\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24296\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp;Questa copia &egrave; la prova che oggi &egrave; in circolazione &egrave; la stessa di quella realizzata ai tempi del Profeta&nbsp; e dei suoi Compagni. Una copia del manoscritto che fu inviato in Siria &egrave; oggi conservata al museo Topkapi ad Istanbul<a title=\" Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, p.113\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24297\">[14]<\/a>&nbsp;, ed altri manoscritti antichi sono custoditi in Egitto, a Washington, a Dublino ed a Londra, e tutte sono state verificate conformi al manoscritto originale.&nbsp;<a title=\" Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.157\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24298\">[15]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">L'Istituto Koranforschung dell'Universit&agrave; di Colonia ha raccolto oltre 42mila copie antiche del Corano, complete od incomplete. Dopo oltre 50 anni di studio, l'Istituto verific&ograve; che non esistevano varianti tra le diverse copie, se non relative ad alcuni errori di trascrizione commesse dai copisti e facilmente rilevabili come tali. Sfortunatamente, l'Istituto fu bombardato e distrutto durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale.&nbsp;<a title=\" Mohammed Hamidullah, Muhammad Rasullullah, Lahore: Idara-e-Islamiat, n.d., p.179.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24299\">[16]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">In tal modo, grazie agli sforzi dei suoi Compagni e con l'aiuto di Dio, il Corano rivelato a Muhammad &egrave; stato conservato integralmente fino ad oggi, e quello che noi recitiamo oggi &egrave; esattamente quello che fu rivelato secoli fa. Ci&ograve; lo rende l'unica scrittura religiosa che &egrave; ancora completamente conservata e compresa nella sua lingua originale. Come ha detto Sir William Muir:&nbsp;<em>\"Non c'&egrave; probabilmente un solo altro libro che sia rimasto per 12 secoli - ora 14 - col suo testo autentico\"<\/em>.&nbsp;<a title=\" Sir William Muir, Life of Mohamet, London, 1894, Vol.1, Introduction.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftn24300\">[17]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ci&ograve; &egrave; la prova della promessa di Dio nel Corano:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\"Invero abbiamo rivelato il Ricordo, ed invero Lo preserveremo\" (Corano 15:9)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Il Corano &egrave; stato preservato sia oralmente sia per iscritto, in un modo che non lo accomuna a nessun altro libro, e l'una versione rappresenta una prova ed una garanzia per l'autenticit&agrave; dell'altra.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Nota:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24284\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Jalal al-Din Suyuti, Al-Itqan fee &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Beirut: Maktab al-Thiqaafiyya, 1973, Vol.1, p.41 &amp; 99.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24285\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Al-Isabah fee Taymeez as-Sahabah, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1978; Bayard Dodge, The Fihrist of al-Nadeem: A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture, NY: Columbia University Press, 1970, p.53-63. Muhammad M. Azami, in Kuttab al-Nabi, Beirut: Al-Maktab al-Islami, 1974, in fact mentions 48 persons who used to write for the Prophet (p).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24286\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;Al-Harith al-Muhasabi, Kitab Fahm al-Sunan, cited in Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi &lsquo;Uloom al-Quran, Vol.1, p.58.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24287\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Saheeh Al-Bukhari<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.6, Hadith Nos.201 &amp; 509; Vol.9, Hadith No.301.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24288\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;Ibn Hajar al-&rsquo;Asqalani, Fath al-Bari, Vol.9, p.10-11.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24289\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sahih Al-Bukhari<\/em>, Vol.6, Hadith No.201.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24290\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;John Burton, The Collection of the Quran, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977, p.239-40.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24291\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;Schwally, La storia del Corano, Leipzig: Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1909-38, Vol.2, p.120.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24292\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.157<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24293\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;Schwally, La storia del Corano, Leipzig: Dieterich&rsquo;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1909-38, Vol.2, p.120.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24294\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, p.117; Isma&rsquo;il Makhdum, Tarikh al-Mushaf al-Uthmani fi Tashqand, Tashkent: Al-Idara al-Diniya, 1971, p.22ff.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24295\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp;(http:\/\/www.unesco.org.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">I. Mendelsohn, \"The Columbia University Copy Of The Samarqand Kufic Quran\", The Moslem World, 1940, p. 357-358.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A. Jeffery &amp; I. Mendelsohn, \"The Orthography Of The Samarqand Quran Codex\", Journal Of The American Oriental Society, 1942, Volume 62, pp. 175-195.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24296\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp;The Muslim World, 1940, Vol.30, p.357-358<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24297\">[14]<\/a>&nbsp;Yusuf Ibrahim al-Nur, Ma&rsquo; al-Masaahif, Dubai: Dar al-Manar, 1st ed., 1993, p.113<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24298\">[15]<\/a>&nbsp;Bilal Philips, Usool at-Tafseer, Sharjah: Dar al-Fatah, 1997, p.157<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24299\">[16]<\/a>&nbsp;Mohammed Hamidullah, Muhammad Rasullullah, Lahore: Idara-e-Islamiat, n.d., p.179.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/it\/articles\/18\/#_ftnref24300\">[17]<\/a>&nbsp;Sir William Muir, Life of Mohamet, London, 1894, Vol.1, Introduction.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":16171,"lft":188,"rght":189,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-07-26T22:26:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:27:27.000000Z","language_id":10,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":15,"parent_id":135,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"About Qur'an & Hadith","category_slug":"About-Quran-and-Hadith","get_date":"2014-07-26","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/it_Preservation of the Quran.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/it_Preservation of the Quran.docx"},{"id":540,"title":"Islam, a Profound Civilization","slug":"islam-a-profound-civilization","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-Islam, a Profound Civilization.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-Islam, a Profound Civilization.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:islam-a-profound-civilization","hint":"","body":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><strong><strong><strong>Islam, a Profound Civilization<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><br \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Islam__a_Profound_Civilization_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&nbsp;(part 1 of 2): Introduction<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The Islam that was revealed to Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, is the continuation and culmination of all the preceding revealed religions, and hence it is for all times and all peoples.&nbsp; This status of Islam is sustained by glaring facts.&nbsp; Firstly, there is no other revealed book extant in the same form and content as it was revealed.&nbsp; Secondly, no other revealed religion has any convincing claim to provide guidance in all walks of human life for all times. &nbsp;But Islam addresses humanity at large and offers basic guidance regarding all human problems.&nbsp; Moreover, it has withstood the test of fourteen hundred years and has all the potentialities of establishing an ideal society as it did under the leadership of the last Prophet Muhammad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">It was a miracle that Prophet Muhammad could bring even his toughest enemies to the fold of Islam without adequate material resources.&nbsp; Worshippers of idols, blind followers of the ways of forefathers, promoters of tribal feuds, and abusers of human dignity and blood became the most disciplined nation under the guidance of Islam and its Prophet.&nbsp; Islam opened before them vistas of spiritual heights and human dignity by declaring righteousness as the sole criterion of merit and honor.&nbsp; Islam shaped their social, cultural, moral and commercial life with basic laws and principles which are in conformity with human nature and hence applicable in all times as human nature does not change.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">It is so unfortunate that the Christian West instead of sincerely trying to understand the phenomenal success of Islam during its earlier time, considered it as a rival religion.&nbsp; During the centuries of the Crusades, this trend gained much force and impetus and huge amount of literature was produced to tarnish the image of Islam.&nbsp; But Islam has begun to unfold its genuineness to the modern scholars whose bold and objective observations on Islam belie all the charges leveled against it by the so-called unbiased orientalists.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Here we furnish some observations on Islam by acknowledged non-Muslim scholars of modern time.&nbsp; Truth needs no advocates to plead on its behalf, but the prolonged malicious propaganda against Islam has created great confusion even in the minds of free and objective thinkers.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">We hope that the following observations would contribute to initiating an objective evaluation of Islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Canon Taylor, Paper read before the Church Congress at Walverhamton, Oct. 7, 1887, Quoted by Arnond in&nbsp;<em>The Preaching of Islam<\/em>, pp. 71-72:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;It (Islam) replaced monkishness by manliness.&nbsp; It gives hope to the slave, brotherhood to mankind, and recognition of the fundamental facts of human nature.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Sarojini Naidu, Lectures on &ldquo;The Ideals of Islam&rdquo;, see Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu, Madras, 1918, p. 167:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Sense of justice is one of the most wonderful ideals of Islam, because as I read in the Qur&rsquo;an I find those dynamic principles of life, not mystic but practical ethics for the daily conduct of life suited to the whole world.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">De Lacy O&rsquo;Leary, Islam at the&nbsp;<em>Crossroads<\/em>, London, 1923, p.8:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;History makes it clear however, that the legend of fanatical Muslims sweeping through the world and forcing Islam at the point of the sword upon conquered races is one of the most fantastically absurd myths that historians have ever repeated.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">H.A.R. Gibb, Whither Islam, London, 1932, p. 379:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;But Islam has a still further service to render to the cause of humanity.&nbsp; It stands after all nearer to the real East than Europe does, and it possesses a magnificent tradition of inter-racial understanding and cooperation.&nbsp; No other society has such a record of success in uniting in an equality of status, of opportunity, and of endeavors so many and so various races of mankind...&nbsp; Islam has still the power to reconcile apparently irreconcilable elements of race and tradition.&nbsp; If ever the opposition of the great societies of East and West is to be replaced by cooperation, the mediation of Islam is an indispensable condition.&nbsp; In its hands lies very largely the solution of the problem with which Europe is faced in its relation with East.&nbsp; If they unite, the hope of a peaceful issue is immeasurably enhanced.&nbsp; But if Europe, by rejecting the cooperation of Islam, throws it into the arms of its rivals, the issue can only be disastrous for both.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">G.B. Shaw, The Genuine Islam, Vol. 1, No. 81936:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;I have always held the religion of Muhammad in high estimation because of its wonderful vitality.&nbsp; It is the only religion which appears to me to possess that assimilating capacity to the changing phase of existence which can make itself appeal to every age.&nbsp; I have studied him &ndash; the wonderful man and in my opinion far from being an anti-Christ, he must be called the Savior of Humanity.&nbsp; I believe that if a man like him were to assume the dictatorship of the modern world, he would succeed in solving its problems in a way that would bring it the much needed peace and happiness: I have prophesied about the faith of Muhammad that it would be acceptable to the Europe of tomorrow as it is beginning to be acceptable to the Europe of today.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(part 2 of 2): More Statements<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A.J. Toynbee,&nbsp;<em>Civilization on Trial<\/em>, New York, 1948, p. 205:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;The extinction of race consciousness as between Muslims is one of the outstanding achievements of Islam and in the contemporary world.&nbsp; There is, as it happens, a crying need for the propagation of this Islamic virtue.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A.M.L. Stoddard, quoted in&nbsp;<em>Islam &ndash; The Religion of All Prophets<\/em>, Begum Bawani Waqf, Karachi, Pakistan, p. 56:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;The rise of Islam is perhaps the most amazing event in human history.&nbsp; Springing from a land and a people alike previously negligible, Islam spread within a century over half the earth, shattering great empires, overthrowing long established religions, remolding the souls of races, and building up a whole new world &ndash; world of Islam.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;The closer we examine this development the more extraordinary does it appear.&nbsp; The other great religions won their way slowly, by painful struggle and finally triumphed with the aid of powerful monarchs converted to the new faith.&nbsp; Christianity had its Constantine, Buddhism its Asoka, and Zoroastrianism its Cyrus, each lending to his chosen cult the mighty force of secular authority.&nbsp; Not so Islam.&nbsp; Arising in a desert land sparsely inhabited by a nomad race previously undistinguished in human annals, Islam sallied forth on its great adventure with the slenderest human backing and against the heaviest material odds.&nbsp; Yet Islam triumphed with seemingly miraculous ease, and a couple of generations saw the Fiery Crescent borne victorious from the Pyrenees to the Himalayas and from the desert of Central Asia to the deserts of Central Africa.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Edward Montet, &ldquo;La Propaganda Chretienne it Adversaries Musulmans&rdquo;, Paris, 1890, quoted by T.W. Arnold in&nbsp;<em>The Preaching of Islam<\/em>, London, 1913, pp. 413-414:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Islam is a religion that is essentially rationalistic in the widest sense of this term considered etymologically and historically.&nbsp; The definition of rationalism as a system that bases religious belief on principles furnished by the reason applies to it exactly... It cannot be denied that many doctrines and systems of theology and also many superstitions, from the worship of saints to the use of rosaries and amulets, have become grafted on the main trunk of Muslim creed.&nbsp; But in spite of the rich development, in every sense of the term, of the teachings of the prophet, the Quran has invariably kept its place as the fundamental starting point, and the dogma of unity of God has always been proclaimed therein with a grandeur, a majesty, an invariable purity and with a note of sure conviction, which it is hard to find surpassed outside the pale of Islam.&nbsp; This fidelity to the fundamental dogma of the religion, the elemental simplicity of the formula in which it is enunciated, the proof that it gains from the fervid conviction of the missionaries who propagate it, are so many causes to explain the success of Mohammedan missionary efforts.&nbsp; A creed so precise, so stripped of all theological complexities and consequently so accessible to the ordinary understanding might be expected to possess and does indeed possess a marvelous power of winning its way into the consciences of men.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">W. Montgomery Watt,&nbsp;<em>Islam and Christianity Today<\/em>, London, 1983, p.IX:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;I am not a Muslim in the usual sense, though I hope I am a &ldquo;Muslim&rdquo; as &ldquo;one surrendered to God&rdquo;, but I believe that embedded in the Quran and other expressions of the Islamic vision are vast stores of divine truth from which I and other occidentals have still much to learn, and &lsquo;Islam is certainly a strong contender for the supplying of the basic framework of the one religion of the future.&rsquo;&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Paul Varo Martinson (editor),&nbsp;<em>ISLAM, An Introduction for Christians<\/em>, Augsburg, Minneapolis, 1994, p. 205:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Islam is an authentic faith that shapes our Muslim neighbors&rsquo; innermost being and determines their attitude in life.&nbsp; And the Islamic faith is generally more tradition oriented than the recent Western shape of Christian faith, which has experienced considerable secularization.&nbsp; Yet we are only fair to the Islamic population when we understand them from their religious core and respect them as a faith community.&nbsp; Muslims have become important partners in faith conversation.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">John Alden Williams (editor),&nbsp;<em>ISLAM<\/em>, George Braziller, New York, 1962, inside dust cover:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Islam is much more than a formal religion: it is an integral way of life.&nbsp; In many ways it is a more determining factor in the experience of its followers than any other world religion.&nbsp; The Muslim (&ldquo;One who submits&rdquo;) lives face to face with God at all times and will introduce no separation between his life and his religion, his politics and his faith.&nbsp; With its strong emphasis on the brotherhood of men cooperating to fulfill the will of God, Islam has become one of the most influential religions in the world today.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">John L. Esposito,&nbsp;<em>ISLAM, The Straight Path<\/em>, Oxford University Press, New York, 1988, pp. 3-4:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Islam stands in a long line of Semitic, prophetic religious traditions that share an uncompromising monotheism, and belief in God&rsquo;s revelation, His prophets, ethical responsibility and accountability, and the Day of Judgement.&nbsp; Indeed, Muslims, like Christians and Jews, are the Children of Abraham, since all trace their communities back to him.&nbsp; Islam&rsquo;s historic religious and political relationship to Christendom and Judaism has remained strong throughout history.&nbsp; This interaction has been the source of mutual benefit and borrowing as well as misunderstanding and conflict.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":24341,"lft":851,"rght":866,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-05T00:16:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:35:34.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-05","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-Islam, a Profound Civilization.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-Islam, a Profound Civilization.docx"},{"id":541,"title":"La civilizaci\u00f3n isl\u00e1mica","slug":"la-civilizacin-islmica","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Islam, a Profound Civilization.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Islam, a Profound Civilization.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:la-civilizacin-islmica","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>La civilizaci&oacute;n isl&aacute;mica<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Islam__a_Profound_Civilization_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(parte 1 de 2): introducci&oacute;n<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El Islam es la ense&ntilde;anza revelada al Profeta Muh&aacute;mmad, la continuaci&oacute;n y culminaci&oacute;n de las religiones reveladas anteriormente, y es igual para todas las personas y todas las &eacute;pocas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El status del Islam es probado por numerosos hechos sobresalientes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Primero, no existe ning&uacute;n otro libro semejante a aqu&eacute;l en el que fue revelado el Islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Segundo, ninguna otra religi&oacute;n es gu&iacute;a v&aacute;lida para todas las personas en todo tiempo y lugar. El Islam provee una gu&iacute;a para toda la humanidad, en toda &eacute;poca. El Islam resisti&oacute; catorce siglos de pruebas, mostr&oacute; al mundo el ejemplo de un Estado de derecho sobresaliente en Medina, bajo el liderazgo del Profeta Muh&aacute;mmad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Es un milagro que el Profeta Muh&aacute;mmad entregara el mensaje del Islam, a&uacute;n a sus enemigos m&aacute;s ac&eacute;rrimos, sin contar con los medios materiales que com&uacute;nmente se esperar&iacute;a que posea una persona que se enfrenta a una tarea tan formidable.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Cuando el Profeta Muh&aacute;mmad recibi&oacute; la orden de predicar el Islam, enfrent&oacute; una sociedad de adoradores de &iacute;dolos, que segu&iacute;an ciegamente el paganismo de sus antepasados, que se enfrentaban en guerras tribales, gente que pisoteaba la dignidad humana y derramaba sangre por las razones m&aacute;s triviales; y sin embargo el Profeta los educ&oacute; en el Islam y los disciplin&oacute;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El Islam suplant&oacute; la jerarqu&iacute;a tribal, estableciendo que s&oacute;lo por los m&eacute;ritos propios una persona es superior a otra, y que todos poseen honor.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El Islam transform&oacute; la vida cultural, social y comercial, estableciendo leyes b&aacute;sicas acordes a la naturaleza humana, y aplicables en todo lugar y en toda &eacute;poca.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Es un hecho infortunado que el Occidente cristiano, en lugar de intentar entender el &eacute;xito fenomenal del Islam durante su &eacute;poca temprana, lo consider&oacute; como la religi&oacute;n rival. Durante los siglos de las Cruzadas, esta tendencia gan&oacute; mucha fuerza y se produjo gran cantidad de literatura para empa&ntilde;ar la imagen del Islam. Pero el Islam actualmente se presenta ante muchos estudiosos occidentales como algo excepcional en la historia de la humanidad, y se hace evidente la verdad a la que no puede permanecer ajeno el erudito, a pesar de las opiniones extra&ntilde;as que emitieron y emiten algunos orientalistas supuestamente&nbsp;<em>imparciale<\/em>s.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">En este punto, es necesario resaltar la verdad frente a las opiniones infundadas de algunos escritores parciales. La verdad no necesita que ning&uacute;n abogado suplique en su nombre, pero la propaganda maliciosa contra Islam ha creado una gran confusi&oacute;n, incluso en las mentes de muchos pensadores objetivos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Tenemos la esperanza de que algunas observaciones al respecto iluminen sobre la verdad y permitan una evaluaci&oacute;n objetiva del Islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dijo el Reverendo Taylor, en el discurso que ley&oacute; ante el Congreso de la Iglesia de Walverhamton, &nbsp;el 7 de Octubre de&nbsp; 1887, citado por Arnond en&nbsp;<em>La Pr&eacute;dica&nbsp;del Islam<\/em>, p&aacute;ginas 71-72:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\"&Eacute;l (Islam) reemplaz&oacute; la vida mon&aacute;stica por la virilidad. Dio esperanza al esclavo, hermandad a la humanidad y el reconocimiento a las necesidades fundamentales de la naturaleza humana&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dijo Sarojini Naidu, en las Conferencias sobre \"Los Ideales del Islam\" (ver los Discursos y Escrituras de Sarojini Naidu, Madr&aacute;s, 1918, p&aacute;g. 167):<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;El sentido de justicia es uno de los ideales m&aacute;s maravillosos del Islam, porque cuando yo le&iacute; el Cor&aacute;n encontr&eacute; estos principios din&aacute;micos de vida, no tanto m&iacute;sticos, sino principios de &eacute;tica pr&aacute;ctica de la conducta diaria para la vida satisfactoria del mundo entero&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dijo O'Leary en &ldquo;La encrucijada del Islam&rdquo; (Londres 1928, p&aacute;gina 8):<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;La historia muestra con claridad que la leyenda de musulmanes fan&aacute;ticos que, a trav&eacute;s de un Islam imperialista y prepotente, pretenden someter por medio de la espada a las razas conquistadas, es uno de los mitos m&aacute;s absurdos que los historiadores han repetido\".<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dijo H.A.R. Giba en &ldquo;Blanqueando el Islam&rdquo; (Londres 1932, p&aacute;gina 328):<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;El Islam tiene el servicio m&aacute;s maravilloso para brindar a la causa de la humanidad.&nbsp; Posee una tradici&oacute;n magn&iacute;fica de comprensi&oacute;n interracial y de cooperaci&oacute;n.&nbsp; Ninguna otra sociedad tiene tal registro de &eacute;xito uniendo en una igualdad de estado, de oportunidad y de esfuerzos las tantas y tan variadas razas de la humanidad... el Islam todav&iacute;a tiene el poder para reconciliar elementos aparentemente irreconciliables de raza y tradici&oacute;n. Si alguna vez la oposici&oacute;n de las grandes sociedades del Este y del Oeste fuera a ser reemplazada por la cooperaci&oacute;n, la mediaci&oacute;n del Islam es una condici&oacute;n indispensable. La sensaci&oacute;n hostil de Europa hacia el Islam, s&oacute;lo es producto de mentiras. Si ellos se unen, se abre la esperanza de grandes soluciones. Pero si Europa, rechazando la cooperaci&oacute;n del Islam, arroja a los musulmanes en los brazos de sus rivales, el resultado s&oacute;lo puede ser desastroso para todos\".<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dijo G.B. Shaw, en &ldquo;El Islam genuino&rdquo;, Vol. 1, No. 81936:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\"Yo siempre he tenido a la religi&oacute;n de Muh&aacute;mmad en alta estima, debido a su vitalidad maravillosa. Es la &uacute;nica religi&oacute;n que parece poseer la capacidad de ser perfectamente aplicable en toda &eacute;poca. He estudiado a Muh&aacute;mmad, un hombre maravilloso, y en mi opini&oacute;n esta muy lejos de ser un anti-Cristo, debe consider&aacute;rselo el Salvador de la humanidad. Yo creo que si un hombre como &eacute;l fuera a asumir el gobierno del mundo moderno, tendr&iacute;a &eacute;xito resolviendo sus problemas y traer&iacute;a paz y felicidad: Yo he dicho sobre la fe de Muh&aacute;mmad que ser&iacute;a aceptable a la Europa de ma&ntilde;ana, como est&aacute; empezando a ser aceptable a la Europa de hoy\".<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(parte 2 de 2): M&aacute;s aclaraciones<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dice A.J. Toynbee en &nbsp;&ldquo;la Civilizaci&oacute;n puesta a prueba&rdquo; (Nueva York, 1948, p&aacute;g. 205):<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\"La extinci&oacute;n de la conciencia de &ldquo;raza&rdquo; entre los musulmanes es uno de los logros m&aacute;s sobresalientes del Islam, y en el mundo contempor&aacute;neo existe una urgente necesidad de propagar esta virtud isl&aacute;mica&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dice A.M.L. Stoddard en &ldquo;Islam - La Religi&oacute;n de Todos los Profetas&rdquo; (Begum Bawani Waqf, Karachi, Pakist&aacute;n, p&aacute;g. 56):<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\"El surgimiento del Islam es quiz&aacute;s el evento m&aacute;s asombroso en la historia humana. Surgi&oacute; de una tierra y unas personas hasta entonces insignificantes. El Islam se extendi&oacute; en menos de un siglo por la mitad de la tierra, venciendo grandes imperios, derrocando religiones por mucho tiempo establecidas, reformando las almas de la gente y construyendo&nbsp; un nuevo mundo en todos los aspectos: el mundo del Islam&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;Cuanto m&aacute;s minuciosamente examinamos este desarrollo, se nos presenta m&aacute;s extraordinario. Las otras grandes religiones ganaron sus adeptos lentamente, con muchos obst&aacute;culos y, finalmente, s&oacute;lo triunfaron con la ayuda de monarcas poderosos convertidos a la nueva fe. La Cristiandad ten&iacute;a su Constantino, el Budismo su Asoka, y el Zoroastrianismo su Ciro, cada uno de ellos prest&oacute; a su culto escogido la fuerza de la autoridad secular.&nbsp; No ocurri&oacute; esto con el Islam.&nbsp; Surgi&oacute; de pronto en una tierra des&eacute;rtica habitada por una raza semin&oacute;mada, previamente mediocre en los anales humanos. All&iacute; surgi&oacute; el Islam, con conceptos totalmente revolucionarios sobre la dignidad del ser humano y regulaciones contra las desigualdades materiales. El Islam se extendi&oacute; con una facilidad aparentemente milagrosa, y en un par de generaciones se vio la media luna llevada victoriosa de los Pirineos al Himalaya, y del desierto de Asia Central a los desiertos de &Aacute;frica Central&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dice Edward Montet en \"La Propaganda Chretienne it Adversaries Musulmans\" (Par&iacute;s, 1890), citado &nbsp;por T.W. Arnold en &ldquo;Predicando el Islam&rdquo; (Londres, 1913,&nbsp; p&aacute;g. 413-414):<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\"El Islam es una religi&oacute;n que es esencialmente racionalista en el sentido m&aacute;s amplio de este t&eacute;rmino, considerando los aspectos etimol&oacute;gicos e hist&oacute;ricos. La definici&oacute;n de racionalismo, como un sistema que se basa en la creencia religiosa de acuerdo a principios comprensibles por la raz&oacute;n, encaja exactamente en &eacute;l... no puede negarse que tanto a las doctrinas como a los sistemas de teolog&iacute;a se han unido muchas supersticiones: el culto a los santos, el uso de amuletos; pero el tronco principal del credo musulm&aacute;n sigue intacto. En cada sentido del t&eacute;rmino, las ense&ntilde;anzas del Profeta y el Cor&aacute;n han guardado invariablemente su lugar como el punto de partida fundamental, y el dogma de la unicidad de Dios siempre se ha proclamado sin dudas, con una majestuosidad, una pureza invariable y una nota de convicci&oacute;n &nbsp;y seguridad que se encontrar&aacute; dif&iacute;cilmente fuera del &aacute;mbito del Islam. Esta fidelidad al dogma fundamental de la religi&oacute;n, la simplicidad elemental de la f&oacute;rmula en que se enuncia, la convicci&oacute;n f&eacute;rvida de los misioneros que lo propagan, son las causas para explicar el &eacute;xito de los esfuerzos misioneros musulmanes. Un credo tan preciso, que sin despojarse de complejidades teol&oacute;gicas se explica sencillo y, consecuentemente, es accesible al entendimiento com&uacute;n, posee un poder maravilloso para ganar su lugar en las conciencias de los hombres\".<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dice W. Montgomery Watt en &nbsp;&ldquo;Islam y Cristianismo hoy&rdquo; (Londres, 1983, p.IX):<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\"Yo no soy un musulm&aacute;n en el sentido usual, aunque espero ser un \"musulm&aacute;n\" si se entiende esta palabra como quien \"se ha rendido a Dios\", pero yo creo en que el Cor&aacute;n y otras expresiones de la visi&oacute;n isl&aacute;mica son exposiciones claras de la verdad divina, de las cuales yo y otros occidentales todav&iacute;a tenemos mucho para aprender, y el Islam es ciertamente un contendiente fuerte al proporcionar el armaz&oacute;n b&aacute;sico de la religi&oacute;n del futuro&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Paul Varo Martinson (editor), en &ldquo;ISLAM, Una Introducci&oacute;n para Cristianos&rdquo;, dice (Augsburgo, Minneapolis, 1994, p&aacute;g. 205):<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\"El Islam es una fe aut&eacute;ntica que forma al m&aacute;s profundo ser de nuestros vecinos musulmanes y determina su actitud en la vida. La fe isl&aacute;mica es generalmente m&aacute;s fuerte que la fe cristiana en este Occidente, la cual ha experimentado una secularizaci&oacute;n considerable. S&oacute;lo somos justos con la poblaci&oacute;n isl&aacute;mica cuando los entendemos en su modo de ser religioso y los respetamos como una comunidad de fe. Los musulmanes se han vuelto compa&ntilde;eros importantes&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">John Alden Williams (editor), &ldquo;ISLAM al descubierto&rdquo; (George Braziller, Nueva York, 1962):<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\"El Islam es mucho m&aacute;s que una religi&oacute;n formal: es un estilo de vida &iacute;ntegro. De muchas maneras, es un factor m&aacute;s determinante en la experiencia de sus seguidores que cualquier otra religi&oacute;n del mundo. El musulm&aacute;n (\"quien se entrega a Dios\") vive cara a cara con Dios en todo momento, y no introducir&aacute; ninguna separaci&oacute;n entre su vida y su religi&oacute;n, su pol&iacute;tica y su fe. Con su &eacute;nfasis fuerte en la hermandad de los hombres que cooperan para cumplir la voluntad de Dios, el Islam se ha vuelto una de las religiones m&aacute;s influyentes en el mundo actual\".<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dice John L. Esposito en &ldquo;<em>ISLAM, The Straight Path&rdquo;<\/em>&nbsp;(Oxford University Press, New York, 1988, p&aacute;g. 3-4):<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\"En el Islam est&aacute;n de pie una larga l&iacute;nea de tradiciones religiosas y prof&eacute;ticas que comparten un monote&iacute;smo inflexible y la creencia en la revelaci&oacute;n de Dios, Sus profetas, la responsabilidad &eacute;tica y el D&iacute;a de Juicio.&nbsp; De hecho, los musulmanes, como los cristianos y jud&iacute;os, son descendientes de Abraham. El entorno religioso hist&oacute;rico del Islam y la relaci&oacute;n pol&iacute;tica con el Cristianismo han permanecido fuertes a lo largo de la historia. Esta interacci&oacute;n ha sido la fuente de beneficios mutuos, provechosos intercambios,&nbsp; as&iacute; como de malentendidos y choques violentos\".<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":15511,"lft":852,"rght":853,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-05T00:16:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:09:44.000000Z","language_id":12,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":540,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-05","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Islam, a Profound Civilization.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/sp-Islam, a Profound Civilization.docx"},{"id":542,"title":"L\u2019islam, une civilisation marquante","slug":"lislam-une-civilisation-marquante","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Islam, a Profound Civilization.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Islam, a Profound Civilization.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:lislam-une-civilisation-marquante","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>L&rsquo;islam, une civilisation marquante<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Islam__a_Profound_Civilization_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(partie 1 de 2): Introduction<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">L&rsquo;islam qui a &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; &agrave; Mohammed (que la paix et les b&eacute;n&eacute;dictions de Dieu soient sur lui) est la continuit&eacute; et le point culminant de toutes les religions r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute;es pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment.&nbsp; De ce fait, il s&rsquo;applique en tout temps et &agrave; tous les peuples.&nbsp; Ce statut de l&rsquo;islam est &eacute;tay&eacute; par plusieurs preuves &eacute;clatantes.&nbsp; Tout d&rsquo;abord, &agrave; part le Coran, il n&rsquo;y a aucun autre livre r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute;, en ce monde, qui ait conserv&eacute; la m&ecirc;me forme et le m&ecirc;me contenu que ceux dans lesquels il a &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute;.&nbsp; Ensuite, aucune autre religion, ne pr&eacute;tend, de mani&egrave;re convaincante, fournir des directives universelles qui touchent tous les aspects de la vie humaine et qui peuvent s&rsquo;appliquer &agrave; toute &eacute;poque.&nbsp; L&rsquo;islam s&rsquo;adresse &agrave; l&rsquo;humanit&eacute; dans son ensemble, et offre des directives de base &agrave; propos de tous les probl&egrave;mes humains.&nbsp; De plus, il a &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;prouv&eacute; avec succ&egrave;s pendant mille quatre cents ans et renferme toutes les potentialit&eacute;s d&rsquo;&eacute;tablir une soci&eacute;t&eacute; id&eacute;ale, comme cela a &eacute;t&eacute; le cas sous la gouverne du dernier des proph&egrave;tes, &nbsp;Mohammed (que la paix et les b&eacute;n&eacute;dictions de Dieu soient sur lui).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Que le proph&egrave;te Mohammed ait pu amener m&ecirc;me ses ennemis les plus aguerris vers l&rsquo;islam, sans disposer de ressources mat&eacute;rielles ad&eacute;quates, tient du miracle.&nbsp; Des adorateurs d&rsquo;idoles, des gens qui suivaient aveugl&eacute;ment la voie corrompue de leurs anc&ecirc;tres, des instigateurs de vaines rivalit&eacute;s tribales, pi&eacute;tinant la dignit&eacute; humaine et versant le sang pour un rien se sont transform&eacute;s en une nation, la plus disciplin&eacute;e qui ait jamais vu le jour, sous la direction de l&rsquo;islam et de son Proph&egrave;te.&nbsp; L&rsquo;islam, en d&eacute;clarant la bont&eacute; et la droiture comme seuls crit&egrave;res de m&eacute;rite et d&rsquo;honneur, leur a permis d&rsquo;acc&eacute;der &agrave; une spiritualit&eacute; &eacute;lev&eacute;e et &agrave; la dignit&eacute; humaine.&nbsp; L&rsquo;islam, en &eacute;dictant des lois et des principes de base en conformit&eacute; avec la nature humaine, a fa&ccedil;onn&eacute; leur vie sociale, culturelle, morale et commerciale.&nbsp; Comme la nature humaine ne change pas, ces lois sont applicables &agrave; toute &eacute;poque.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Il est tr&egrave;s malheureux que l&rsquo;Occident chr&eacute;tien ait consid&eacute;r&eacute; l&rsquo;islam comme une religion rivale, au lieu d&rsquo;essayer, de mani&egrave;re sinc&egrave;re, de comprendre le succ&egrave;s ph&eacute;nom&eacute;nal dont l&rsquo;islam a b&eacute;n&eacute;fici&eacute; dans sa premi&egrave;re p&eacute;riode.&nbsp; Au cours des si&egrave;cles des croisades, cette tendance s&rsquo;est accentu&eacute;e jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; prendre beaucoup d&rsquo;ampleur, et un nombre impressionnant de livres et d&rsquo;&oelig;uvres litt&eacute;raires furent produits pour ternir l&rsquo;image de l&rsquo;islam.&nbsp; Cependant, l&rsquo;originalit&eacute; de l&rsquo;islam commence &agrave; &ecirc;tre d&eacute;voil&eacute;e par des chercheurs et penseurs modernes dont les observations objectives et courageuses invalident toutes les accusations des soi-disant orientalistes au militantisme aujourd&rsquo;hui reconnu.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Nous fournissons ici quelques observations sur l&rsquo;islam faites par des chercheurs et penseurs des temps modernes qui ne sont pas musulmans.&nbsp; La v&eacute;rit&eacute; n&rsquo;a pas besoin qu&rsquo;on plaide pour elle, mais la propagande insidieuse et prolong&eacute;e contre l&rsquo;islam a cr&eacute;&eacute; une grande confusion, m&ecirc;me dans les esprits des libres penseurs et des chercheurs objectifs.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Nous esp&eacute;rons que les observations qui vont suivre contribueront &agrave; amorcer une &eacute;valuation objective de l&rsquo;islam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Canon Taylor, texte lu devant la Church Congress &agrave; Walverhamton, le 7 octobre 1887.&nbsp; Cit&eacute; par Arnond dans&nbsp;<em>The Preaching of Islam<\/em>, pp. 71-72:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Il (l&rsquo;islam) a remplac&eacute; le monachisme par la virilit&eacute; et la bravoure. &nbsp;Il donne espoir &agrave; l&rsquo;esclave, il apporte la fraternit&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;humanit&eacute; et il reconna&icirc;t les aspects fondamentaux de la nature humaine.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Sarojini Naidu, cours sur &nbsp;&laquo;&nbsp;The Ideals of Islam&nbsp;&raquo; (les id&eacute;aux de l&rsquo;islam).&nbsp; Voir &nbsp;&nbsp;Speeches and Writings de Sarojini Naidu, Madras, 1918, p. 167:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Le sens de la justice est l&rsquo;un des id&eacute;aux les plus merveilleux de l&rsquo;islam, car &nbsp;lorsque j&rsquo;ai lu le Coran, j&rsquo;y ai trouv&eacute; ces principes dynamiques de la vie, une &eacute;thique pratique &ndash; et non mystique &ndash; de la conduite quotidienne de la vie parfaitement adapt&eacute;e au monde entier qui nous entoure.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">De Lacy O&lsquo;Leary, Islam at the&nbsp;<em>Crossroads<\/em>, Londres, 1923, p.8:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;L&rsquo;&eacute;tude de l&rsquo;Histoire r&eacute;v&egrave;le cependant que la l&eacute;gende des musulmans fanatiques d&eacute;ferlant de par le monde et imposant l&rsquo;islam par l&rsquo;&eacute;p&eacute;e &agrave; des races conquises est l&rsquo;un des mythes les plus extraordinairement absurdes que les historiens aient jamais colport&eacute;s.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">H.A.R. Gibb, Whither Islam, Londres, 1932, p. 379:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp; Mais l&rsquo;islam a encore des services &agrave; rendre &agrave; la cause de l&rsquo;humanit&eacute;. &nbsp;Apr&egrave;s tout, sa situation g&eacute;ographique le place plus proche de l&rsquo;Orient que l&rsquo;Europe ne l&rsquo;est elle-m&ecirc;me, et il poss&egrave;de une magnifique tradition de coop&eacute;ration et de compr&eacute;hension interraciales. &nbsp;Aucune autre soci&eacute;t&eacute; n&rsquo;a eu autant de succ&egrave;s et ne dispose d&rsquo;une feuille de route similaire pour unir, dans une &eacute;galit&eacute; de statut, d&rsquo;opportunit&eacute;s, et de libert&eacute; d&rsquo;entreprendre autant de races vari&eacute;es de l&rsquo;humanit&eacute;&hellip; L&rsquo;islam a encore le pouvoir de r&eacute;concilier des &eacute;l&eacute;ments en apparence irr&eacute;conciliables de race et de tradition. &nbsp;Si jamais les oppositions des grandes soci&eacute;t&eacute;s de l&rsquo;Est et de l&rsquo;Ouest venaient &agrave; &ecirc;tre remplac&eacute;es par la coop&eacute;ration, la m&eacute;diation de l&rsquo;islam serait une condition indispensable.&nbsp; L&rsquo;islam apporte, dans une grande mesure, la solution au probl&egrave;me auquel l&rsquo;Europe fait face dans sa relation avec l&rsquo;Orient. &nbsp;S&rsquo;ils s&rsquo;unissent, l&rsquo;espoir d&rsquo;une solution pacifique en sera grandement renforc&eacute;. &nbsp;Mais si l&rsquo;Europe, en rejetant la coop&eacute;ration de l&rsquo;islam, le pousse dans les bras de ses rivaux, le r&eacute;sultat ne peut &ecirc;tre que d&eacute;sastreux pour les deux parties.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">G.B. Shaw, The Genuine Islam, Vol. 1, No. 81936:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;J&rsquo;ai toujours port&eacute; en haute estime la religion de Mohammed &agrave; cause de sa merveilleuse vitalit&eacute;.&nbsp; C&rsquo;est la seule qui me para&icirc;t poss&eacute;der cette capacit&eacute; d&rsquo;assimiler les phases changeantes de l&rsquo;existence.&nbsp; Ce qui la rend attrayante &agrave; tous les &acirc;ges. &nbsp;Je l&rsquo;ai &eacute;tudi&eacute; &ndash; cet homme merveilleux &ndash; et &agrave; mon avis, loin d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre un ant&eacute;christ, on devrait plut&ocirc;t l&rsquo;appeler le Sauveur de l&rsquo;humanit&eacute;.&nbsp; Si un homme tel que Mohammed &eacute;tait &agrave; m&ecirc;me d&rsquo;assumer le leadership absolu du monde moderne, il r&eacute;ussirait &agrave; en r&eacute;soudre les probl&egrave;mes et &agrave; lui assurer la paix et le bonheur qui lui manquent tellement. &nbsp;J&rsquo;&eacute;mets une proph&eacute;tie &agrave; propos de la foi de Mohammed&nbsp;: qu&rsquo;elle sera acceptable &agrave; l&rsquo;Europe de demain tout comme elle commence &agrave; &ecirc;tre acceptable &agrave; l&rsquo;Europe d&rsquo;aujourd&rsquo;hui.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(partie 2 de 2): D&rsquo;autres d&eacute;clarations<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A.J. Toynbee,&nbsp;<em>Civilization on Trial<\/em>, New York, 1948, p. 205:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;L&rsquo;un des accomplissements extraordinaires de l&rsquo;islam dans le monde contemporain est d&rsquo;avoir effac&eacute; les distinctions raciales entre musulmans. &nbsp;Il y a, en ce moment, un besoin criant de propager cette vertu islamique.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A.M.L. Stoddard, cit&eacute; dans&nbsp;<em>Islam &ndash; The Religion of All Prophets<\/em>, Begum Bawani Waqf, Karachi, Pakistan, p. 56:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;La mont&eacute;e de l&rsquo;islam est sans doute l&rsquo;&eacute;v&eacute;nement le plus d&eacute;routant de l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;humanit&eacute;. &nbsp;Ayant jailli dans une contr&eacute;e, et au sein d&rsquo;un peuple tous deux n&eacute;gligeables auparavant, l&rsquo;islam s&rsquo;est &eacute;tabli en un si&egrave;cle sur la moiti&eacute; de la surface de la terre, pulv&eacute;risant de grands empires, renversant des religions &eacute;tablies depuis longtemps, remodelant les &acirc;mes de races enti&egrave;res, et &eacute;rigeant un monde tout nouveau &ndash; un monde d&rsquo;islam.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Plus ce d&eacute;veloppement fulgurant est examin&eacute; de pr&egrave;s, plus extraordinaire encore il appara&icirc;t.&nbsp; Les autres grandes religions ont progress&eacute; avec lenteur, &agrave; force de peine et de labeur et n&rsquo;ont triomph&eacute;, finalement, qu&rsquo;avec l&rsquo;aide de puissants monarques convertis &agrave; la nouvelle foi. &nbsp;Le christianisme a eu son Constantin, le bouddhisme son Asoka, et le zoroastrisme son Cyrus, chacun pr&ecirc;tant &agrave; son nouveau culte la force ex&eacute;cutoire de son autorit&eacute; s&eacute;culaire. &nbsp;Tel n&rsquo;a pas &eacute;t&eacute; le cas pour l&rsquo;islam. &nbsp;Ayant vu le jour dans une terre d&eacute;serte, tr&egrave;s faiblement peupl&eacute;e par une race de nomades dont il n&rsquo;a jamais &eacute;t&eacute; fait grand cas dans les annales de l&rsquo;humanit&eacute;, l&rsquo;islam a entrepris sa grande aventure avec l&rsquo;appui humain le plus faible et contre des personnes aux ressources mat&eacute;rielles formidables. &nbsp;Malgr&eacute; cela, l&rsquo;islam a triomph&eacute; avec une aisance miraculeuse et, en deux g&eacute;n&eacute;rations, le &lsquo;croissant flamboyant&rsquo; flottait victorieusement des Pyr&eacute;n&eacute;es &agrave; l&rsquo;Himalaya et du d&eacute;sert d&rsquo;Asie centrale aux d&eacute;serts d&rsquo;Afrique centrale.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Edward Montet, La propagande chr&eacute;tienne et ses adversaires musulmans, Paris, 1890, cit&eacute; par T.W. Arnold dans&nbsp;<em>The Preaching of Islam<\/em>, Londres, 1913, pp. 413-414:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;L&rsquo;islam est, par essence, une religion rationaliste - dans le sens le plus large du terme - &eacute;tymologiquement et historiquement parlant.&nbsp; La d&eacute;finition du rationalisme comme un syst&egrave;me qui&nbsp; fonde les croyances religieuses sur des principes fournis par la raison s&rsquo;applique exactement &agrave; l&rsquo;islam&hellip; On ne peut nier que plusieurs doctrines et syst&egrave;mes th&eacute;ologiques, ainsi que plusieurs superstitions, de l&rsquo;adoration des saints &agrave; l&rsquo;usage de rosaires et d&rsquo;amulettes se sont greff&eacute;s au corps principal du credo islamique. &nbsp;Mais en d&eacute;pit du riche d&eacute;veloppement, dans tous les sens du terme, des enseignements du Proph&egrave;te, le Coran a invariablement maintenu sa place comme point de d&eacute;part fondamental, et le dogme de l&rsquo;unit&eacute; de Dieu y a toujours &eacute;t&eacute; proclam&eacute; avec une grandeur, une majest&eacute;, une puret&eacute; invariables et avec une note de conviction et de certitude dont il est difficile de trouver l&rsquo;&eacute;quivalent en dehors de l&rsquo;islam. &nbsp;La fid&eacute;lit&eacute; au dogme fondamental de la religion, la simplicit&eacute; &eacute;l&eacute;mentaire de la formule par laquelle il y est &eacute;nonc&eacute;, la preuve qui en est attest&eacute;e par la conviction fervente des missionnaires qui le propagent, sont autant de causes qui expliquent le succ&egrave;s des efforts missionnaires des Moham&eacute;tans [Musulmans]. Un credo si pr&eacute;cis, si d&eacute;nu&eacute; de toute complexit&eacute; th&eacute;ologique et par cons&eacute;quent si accessible &agrave; la compr&eacute;hension de chacun doit poss&eacute;der, et poss&egrave;de en fait, le pouvoir merveilleux de se frayer un chemin dans la conscience des hommes.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">W. Montgomery Watt,&nbsp;<em>Islam and Christianity Today<\/em>, Londres, 1983, p.IX:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Je ne suis pas un musulman dans le sens traditionnel, bien que j&rsquo;esp&egrave;re que je suis un &laquo;&nbsp;musulman&nbsp;&raquo; comme &laquo;&nbsp;quelqu&rsquo;un qui se soumet &agrave; Dieu&nbsp;&raquo;, mais je crois qu&rsquo;il y a dans le Coran et dans d&rsquo;autres expressions de la vision islamique, des tr&eacute;sors consid&eacute;rables de v&eacute;rit&eacute; divine, dont moi-m&ecirc;me et d&rsquo;autres occidentaux avons encore beaucoup &agrave; apprendre, et l&rsquo;islam est assur&eacute;ment bien plac&eacute; pour fournir la structure de base de la religion unique du futur.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Paul Varo Martinson (&eacute;diteur),&nbsp;<em>ISLAM, An Introduction for Christians<\/em>, Augsburg, Minneapolis, 1994, p. 205:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;L&rsquo;islam est une foi authentique qui fa&ccedil;onne l&rsquo;&ecirc;tre int&eacute;rieur de nos voisins musulmans et qui d&eacute;termine leur attitude dans la vie. &nbsp;La foi islamique est g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement plus orient&eacute;e vers la tradition que la forme occidentale r&eacute;cente de la foi chr&eacute;tienne qui, elle, s&rsquo;est consid&eacute;rablement la&iuml;cis&eacute;e. &nbsp;Cependant, nous nous devons d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre honn&ecirc;tes envers la population musulmane en les comprenant dans leur essence religieuse et en les respectant comme une communaut&eacute; bas&eacute;e sur la foi. &nbsp;Les musulmans sont devenus des partenaires importants dans la discussion sur la foi.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">John Alden Williams (&eacute;diteur),&nbsp;<em>ISLAM<\/em>, George Braziller, New York, 1962 :<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;L&rsquo;islam est bien plus qu&rsquo;une religion formelle&nbsp;: c&rsquo;est un mode de vie int&eacute;gral. &nbsp;&Agrave; bien des &eacute;gards, cette religion s&rsquo;exerce de mani&egrave;re beaucoup plus d&eacute;terminante dans la vie et l&rsquo;exp&eacute;rience quotidienne de ses adeptes que toute autre religion dans le monde. &nbsp;Le musulman &ndash; celui qui se soumet &ndash; vit face &agrave; face avec Dieu en tout temps et n&rsquo;&eacute;tablit pas de diff&eacute;rence entre sa vie et sa religion, sa politique et sa foi. &nbsp;Avec la grande emphase mise sur la fraternit&eacute; des hommes qui coop&egrave;rent ensemble &agrave; r&eacute;aliser la volont&eacute; de Dieu, l&rsquo;islam est devenu l&rsquo;une des religions les plus influentes dans le monde d&rsquo;aujourd&rsquo;hui.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">John L. Esposito,&nbsp;<em>ISLAM, The Straight Path<\/em>, Oxford University Press, New York, 1988, pp. 3-4:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;L&rsquo;islam provient d&rsquo;une longue lign&eacute;e de traditions religieuses proph&eacute;tiques s&eacute;mitiques qui partagent toutes un monoth&eacute;isme in&eacute;branlable, la croyance en la r&eacute;v&eacute;lation de Dieu, en ses proph&egrave;tes, en une responsabilit&eacute; &eacute;thique, et dans le fait d&rsquo;avoir des comptes &agrave; rendre au Jour du jugement. En fait, les musulmans, tout comme les juifs et les chr&eacute;tiens, sont les descendants d&rsquo;Abraham, puisque chaque communaut&eacute; retrace ses origines jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; lui. Tout au long de l&rsquo;histoire, la relation historique, religieuse et politique de l&rsquo;islam avec le christianisme et le juda&iuml;sme est demeur&eacute;e forte. &nbsp;Cette interaction &agrave; &eacute;t&eacute; la source d&rsquo;avantages et d&rsquo;int&eacute;r&ecirc;ts mutuels, mais aussi de m&eacute;sententes et de conflits.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":16764,"lft":854,"rght":855,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-05T00:16:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:21:43.000000Z","language_id":9,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":540,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-05","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Islam, a Profound Civilization.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/fr-Islam, a Profound Civilization.docx"},{"id":543,"title":"Islam, eine tiefgr\u00fcndige Zivilition","slug":"islam-eine-tiefgrndige-zivilition","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-Islam, a Profound Civilization.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/de-Islam, a Profound Civilization.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:islam-eine-tiefgrndige-zivilition","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Islam, eine tiefgr&uuml;ndige Zivilition<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Islam__a_Profound_Civilization_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;(teil 1 von 2): Einleitung<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Der Islam, der Muhammad offenbart wurde - Gottes Lob und Friede seien auf ihm - bildet die Fortsetzung und den H&ouml;hepunkt aller vorangegangenen Religionen, und damit ist er f&uuml;r alle Zeiten und alle V&ouml;lker g&uuml;ltig. &nbsp;Diese Stellung des Islam wird von deutlichen Beweisen gest&uuml;tzt.&nbsp; Erstens: Es existiert kein anderes offenbartes Buch, das noch in genau der gleichen Form und mit dem gleichen Inhalt erhalten geblieben ist, wie es offenbart wurde.&nbsp; Zweitens: Keine andere Religion besitzt irgendeinen &uuml;berzeugenden Anspruch, eine Rechtleitung f&uuml;r die Menschen in allen Lebensbreichen und zu allen Zeiten bereitzuhalten.&nbsp; Der Islam jedoch wendet sich an die gesamte Menschheit und bietet grundlegende Rechtleitung f&uuml;r alle menschlichen Probleme.&nbsp; Desweiteren hat sie den Test &uuml;ber vierzehnhundert Jahre lang bestanden und besitzt alle M&ouml;glichkeiten, eine ideale Gesellschaft zu bilden, wie sie es unter dem Propheten Muhammad war.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Es war ein Wunder, dass es dem Propheten Muhammad gelungen ist, selbst seine schlimmsten Feinde ohne besondere materielle Ausstattung in den Kreis der Muslime zu holen.&nbsp; G&ouml;tzendiener, Leute, die blind den Wegen ihrer Vorv&auml;ter gefolgt sind, Anstifter von Stammesfehden und Missachter menschlicher W&uuml;rde und menschlichen Blutes wurden unter dem Islam und seinem Propheten zu der diszipliniertesten Nation. &nbsp;Der Islam er&ouml;ffnete ihnen Perspektiven spiritueller H&ouml;hen und menschlicher W&uuml;rde, indem er die Gottesf&uuml;rchtigkeit und Rechtschaffenheit zum einzigen Kriterium f&uuml;r Wert und Ehre erkl&auml;rte. &nbsp;Der Islam formte ihr gesellschaftliches, kulturelles, sittliches und wirtschaftliches Leben mit grundlegenden Gesetzen und Prinzipien, die der nat&uuml;rlichen Veranlagung der Menschen entsprechen und aus diesem Grund f&uuml;r alle Zeiten anwendbar bleiben, denn die nat&uuml;rliche Veranlagung der Menschen &auml;ndert sich nicht.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Es ist so bedauerlich, dass Christian West ihn als rivalisierende Religion betrachtete, anstatt sich ernsthaft zu bem&uuml;hen, den ph&auml;nomenalen Erfolg des Islam in seiner fr&uuml;hen Zeit zu verstehen.&nbsp; W&auml;hrend der Jahrhunderte der Kreuzz&uuml;ge gewann dieser Trend immer mehr Gewalt und Auftrieb, und es wurde eine gewaltige Menge an Literatur produziert, um das Bild des Islam zu beflecken. &nbsp;Der Islam begann jedoch, seine Echtheit modernen Wissenschaftlern gegen&uuml;ber zu entfalten, deren k&uuml;hnen und objektiven Beobachtungen &uuml;ber den Islam alle die Belastungen gegen ihn enth&uuml;llten, welche die sogenannten unvoreingenommenen Orientalisten verbreitet hatten.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Hier wollen wir einige Beobachtungen &uuml;ber den Islam anf&uuml;hren, die von anerkannten nicht-muslimischen Wissenschaftlern des modernen Zeitalters angestellt wurden.&nbsp; Die Wahrheit bedarf keiner Anw&auml;lte, die f&uuml;r sie pl&auml;dieren; die lange und andauernde negative Propaganda gegen den Islam hat gro&szlig;e Verwirrung selbst in den K&ouml;pfen freier und objektiver Denker gestiftet.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Wir hoffen, dass die folgenden Beobachtungen dazu f&uuml;hren, eine objektive Bewertung des Islam einzuleiten.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Canon Taylor, Ansprache vor dem Kirchenkongress in Walverhamton, am 7. Okt. 1887, zitiert von Arnond in&nbsp;<em>The Preaching of Islam<\/em>, S. 71-72:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Er (der Islam) ersetzte M&ouml;nchtum durch Mannhaftigkeit.&nbsp; Er gibt dem Sklaven Hoffnung, der Menschheit Br&uuml;derlichkeit und zollt den Grundfesten der nat&uuml;rlichen Veranlagung Anerkennung.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Sarojini Naidu, Lesungen &uuml;ber &ldquo;The Ideals of Islam&rdquo;, siehe&nbsp;<em>Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu<\/em>, Madras, 1918, S. 167:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Gerechtigkeitssinn ist eines der wundervollsten Ideale des Islam, denn als ich im Qur&acute;an las, stie&szlig; ich auf jene dynamischen Lebensprinzipien, keine mystischen, sondern praktische ethische Anleitungen f&uuml;r die allt&auml;gliche Lebensf&uuml;hrung, f&uuml;r die ganze Welt geeignet.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">De Lacy O&rsquo;Leary,&nbsp;<em>Islam at the Crossroads<\/em>, London, 1923, S.8:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Die Geschichte zeigt deutlich, dass die Legende von den fanatischen Muslimen, die durch die Welt streifen und den eroberten V&ouml;lkern den Islam mit dem Schwert aufzwingen, einer der absurdesten, erfundenen Mythen ist, den die Historiker je wiedergegeben haben.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">H.A.R. Gibb,&nbsp;<em>Whither Islam<\/em>, London, 1932, S. 379:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Aber der Islam erweist immer noch seine Dienste in Sachen Menschlichkeit.&nbsp; Er steht dem Osten n&auml;her als es Europa tut, und er besitzt eine gro&szlig;e Tradition im Verst&auml;ndnis unter den Rassen und in der Kooperation.&nbsp; Keine andere Gesellschaft kann einen derartigen Erfolg im Vereinigen so vieler unterschiedlicher Menschenrassen auf gleichem Status, mit gleichen Chancen und Anstrengungen vorweisen...&nbsp; Der Islam besitzt noch immer die Kraft, augenscheinlich unvereinbare Elemente an Rassen und Traditionen zu vers&ouml;hnen.&nbsp; Wenn sich die Gegens&auml;tze der gro&szlig;en Gesellschaften in Ost und West jemals durch Kooperation ersetzen, ist die Vermittlung durch den Islam eine unerl&auml;ssliche Bedingung.&nbsp; Die L&ouml;sung des gro&szlig;en Problems, mit dem Europa in seiner Beziehung zum Osten konfrontiert wird, liegt in seinen H&auml;nden.&nbsp; Wenn sie sich vereinigen, steigert sich die Hoffnung auf eine friedliche L&ouml;sung unermesslich.&nbsp; Wenn aber Europa die Zusammenarbeit mit dem Islam ablehnt, wirft es sich in die Arme seiner Gegner, eine Sache die f&uuml;r beide nur katastrophal enden kann.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">G.B. Shaw,&nbsp;<em>The Genuine Islam<\/em>, Vol. 1, No. 81936:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Ich habe die Religion Muhammads wegen ihrer wundervollen Lebendigkeit immer hoch gesch&auml;tzt.&nbsp; Sie erscheint mir die einzige Religion zu sein, welche die F&auml;higkeit besitzt, sich den wechselnden Phasen der Existenz anpassen zu k&ouml;nnen, was dazu f&uuml;hrt, dass sie f&uuml;r jedes Alter angebracht ist.&nbsp; Ich habe ihn studiert &ndash; diesen wundervollen Mann-, und meiner Meinung nach ist er weit davon entfernt, ein Anti-Christ zu sein, er muss der Erretter der Menschheit genannt werden.&nbsp; Ich glaube, wenn ein Mann wie er die Herrschaft &uuml;ber die moderne Welt an sich nehmen w&uuml;rde, w&uuml;rde es ihm gelingen, ihre Probleme auf eine Art und Weise zu l&ouml;sen, die zu dem erhofften Frieden und Gl&uuml;ck f&uuml;hren w&uuml;rde: Ich habe dem Glauben Muhammads vorausgesagt, dass er f&uuml;r das Europa von morgen genauso annehmbar sein wird, wie er es f&uuml;r das Europa von heute im Ansatz schon jetzt ist.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;(teil 2 von 2): Noch mehr Stellungnahmen<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A.J. Toynbee,&nbsp;<em>Civilization on Trial (Zivilisation in der Probezeit)<\/em>, New York, 1948, S. 205:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Die Ausl&ouml;schung des Rassenbewusstseins unter Muslimen ist eine der hervorragendsten Errungenschaften des Islam und der gegenw&auml;rtigen Welt. Es gibt einen &uuml;beraus starken Bedarf an der Verbreitung dieses islamischen Werts.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A.M.L. Stoddard, zitiert in&nbsp;<em>Islam &ndash; The Religion of All Prophets (Islam-Die Religion aller Propheten)<\/em>, Begum Bawani Waqf, Karachi, Pakistan, S. 56:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Der Aufstieg des Islam ist vielleicht das verwunderlichste Ereignis der menschlichen Geschichte.&nbsp; Von einem Land und einem Volk, die gleicherma&szlig;en unbedeutend waren, ausgehend breitete sich der Islam innerhalb eines Jahrhunderts &uuml;ber die halbe Erde aus, zerschmetterte gro&szlig;artige Weltreiche, st&uuml;rzte lange etablierte Religionen, formte die Seelen der Rassen neu und errichtete eine ganz neue Welt &ndash; die Welt des Islam.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Je eindringlicher wir diese Entwicklung untersuchen, desto au&szlig;ergew&ouml;hnlicher erscheint sie uns.&nbsp; Die anderen gro&szlig;en Religionen traten ihren Weg langsam an, mit schmerzlichen Anstrengungen und schlie&szlig;lich gewannen sie mit der Hilfe von m&auml;chtigen K&ouml;nigen, die zu dem neuen Glauben konvertierten.&nbsp; Das Christentum hatte seinen Konstantin, der Buddhismus seinen Asoka und der Zoroastrismus seinen Cyrus, jeder verhalf seinem Kult zur m&auml;chtigen Kraft einer sekul&auml;ren Autorit&auml;t. &nbsp;Nicht so der Islam.&nbsp; Aufgestiegen in einer kargen, sp&auml;rlich von einer Nomadenrasse bewohnten W&uuml;stenlandschaft, zuvor den menschlichen Jahrb&uuml;chern unbekannt, brach er mit dem d&uuml;rftigsten menschlichen R&uuml;ckhalt gegen die schwersten materiellen Gesch&uuml;tze zu seinem gro&szlig;en Abenteuer auf.&nbsp; Trotzdem triumphierte der Islam mit anscheinend wunderbarer Leichtigkeit, und ein paar Generationen sahen den feurigen Halbmond siegreich von den Pyren&auml;en bis zum Himalaya und von der W&uuml;ste Zentralasiens bis zu den W&uuml;sten Zentralafrikas aufgehen.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Edward Montet,&nbsp;<em>&ldquo;La Propaganda Cretienne it Adversaries Musulmans&rdquo;<\/em>, Paris, 1890, zitiert von T.W. Arnold in&nbsp;<em>The Preaching of Islam (Die Lehren des Islam)<\/em>, London, 1913, S. 413-414:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Der Islam ist eine Religion, die essentiell rationalistisch im weitesten Sinne dieses Ausdrucks ist, sowohl etymologisch als auch historisch.&nbsp; Die Definition von Rationalismus als ein System, bei dem der religi&ouml;se Glaube auf vern&uuml;nftligen Prinzipien basiert, trifft auf den Islam voll und ganz zu...&nbsp; Es kann nicht verleugnet werden, dass viele theologische Lehren und Systeme und auch viel Aberglaube, von der Anrufung Heiliger bis hin zu der Verwendung von Rosenkr&auml;nzen und Amuletten, vom Hauptpfad des muslimischen Glaubens abgeraten sind.&nbsp; Aber trotz der vielf&auml;ltigen Entwicklungen in jeder Hinsicht, hat der Quran von den Lehren des Propheten unab&auml;nderlich seine Stellung als Ausgangspunkt beibehalten, und die Lehre von der Einheit Gottes wurde immer mit einer Erhabenheit, einer Majest&auml;t, einer unab&auml;nderlichen Reinheit und mit einer Spur sicherer &Uuml;berzeugung verk&uuml;ndet, welche au&szlig;erhalb der Grenzen des Islam kaum zu finden ist.&nbsp; Diese Treue zu der grunds&auml;tzlichen Religionslehre, die elemantare Einfachheit der Formel, mit der sie verk&uuml;ndet wurde, der Beweis, dass sie mit der hei&szlig;en &Uuml;berzeugung ihrer Missionare gewinnt, die sie &uuml;bermitteln, da sind so viele Gr&uuml;nde, die den Erfolg der mohammedanischen Anstrengungen erkl&auml;ren.&nbsp; Ein Glaube, der so pr&auml;zise ist, so von aller theologischer Kompliziertheit befreit und dementsprechend dem gew&ouml;hnlichen Verst&auml;ndnis so zug&auml;nglich, der besitzt vermutlich und der besitzt in der Tat eine gro&szlig;artige Kraft, seinen Zugang zum Bewusstsein des Menschen zu gewinnen.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">W. Montgomery Watt,&nbsp;<em>Islam and Christianity Today (Islam und Christentum heute)<\/em>, London, 1983, S.IX:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Ich bin kein Muslim im &uuml;blichen Sinn, obgleich ich hoffe, ein &lsquo;Muslim&rsquo; zu sein in dem Sinne, &lsquo;jemand, der Gott ergeben ist&rsquo; zu sein, aber ich glaube, dass im Quran und in den anderen Quellen der islamischen Lehre reiche Reserven an g&ouml;ttlicher Wahrheit eingebettet sind, von denen ich und andere Abendl&auml;ndler immer noch viel lernen k&ouml;nnen und &acute;der Islam ist mit Sicherheit ein starker K&auml;mpfer f&uuml;r die Ausstattung des grunds&auml;tzlichen Rahmens der einen Religion der Zukunft.&rsquo;&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Paul Varo Martinson (editor),&nbsp;<em>ISLAM, An Introduction for Christians(ISLAM-Eine Einf&uuml;hrung f&uuml;r Christen)<\/em>, Augsburg, Minneapolis, 1994, S. 205:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Islam ist ein authentischer Glaube, der das innere Wesen unserer muslimischen Nachbarn formt und ihre Lebensweise bestimmt.&nbsp; Und der islamische Glaube ist allgemein traditioneller gepr&auml;gt als unsere neue westliche Form des christlichen Glaubens, der betr&auml;chliche Sekularisierung erfahren hat.&nbsp; Also sind wir nur fair zu der islamischen Bev&ouml;lkerung, wenn wir sie von ihrem religi&ouml;sen Herzen her verstehen und sie als eine Gemeinschaft des Glaubens respektieren.&nbsp; Die Muslime sind zu wichtigen Partnern im Gespr&auml;ch &uuml;ber den Glauben geworden.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">John Alden Williams (Herausgeber),&nbsp;<em>ISLAM<\/em>, George Braziller, New York, 1962, im Cover:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Islam ist viel mehr als eine formale Religion: es ist eine vollst&auml;ndige Lebensweise.&nbsp; In vieler Hinsicht ist er ein entscheidenderer Faktor in der Erfahrung seiner Anh&auml;nger als bei jeder anderen Weltreligion.&nbsp; Der Muslim (&ldquo;derjenige, der sich unterwirft&rdquo;) lebt jederzeit gottesbewusst und wird keine Trennung zwischen seinem Leben und seiner Religion, seiner Politik und seinem Glauben herbeif&uuml;hren.&nbsp; Mit seiner starken Betonung der Br&uuml;derlichkeit der Menschen, die zusammenwirken, um den Willen Gottes zu erf&uuml;llen, ist der Islam zu einer der einflussreichsten Religionen der Welt geworden.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">John L. Esposito,&nbsp;<em>ISLAM, The Straight Path (ISLAM-Der gerade Weg)<\/em>, Oxford University Press, New York, 1988, S. 3-4:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Der Islam steht in der langen Reihe der semitischen, prophetischen religi&ouml;sen Traditionen, welche einen kompromisslosen Monotheismus und den Glauben an Gottes Offenbarung, Seine Propheten, gesellschaftliche Verpflichtung und Verantwortlichkeit sowie an den Tag des Gerichts gemeinsam haben.&nbsp; In der Tat sind auch die Muslime, wie die Christen und Juden Kinder Abrahams, denn sie alle verfolgen ihre Gemeinschaften bis zu ihm zur&uuml;ck. &nbsp;Die historische, religi&ouml;se und politische Beziehung des Islam zum Christentum und Judentum ist durch die gesamte Geschichte hindurch stark geblieben.&nbsp; Diese Interaktion ist ein Quell des beiderseitigen Nutzens und Entleihens, aber auch des Missverst&auml;ndnisses und Konfliks geblieben.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":14946,"lft":856,"rght":857,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-05T00:16:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T15:27:31.000000Z","language_id":7,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":540,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-05","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-Islam, a Profound Civilization.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/de-Islam, a Profound Civilization.docx"},{"id":544,"title":"\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c  - \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 ","slug":"-------gmf","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Islam, a Profound Civilization.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Islam, a Profound Civilization.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:-------gmf","hint":"","body":"<h1><span>\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c&nbsp; - \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>&nbsp;(\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1 \u0438\u0437 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Islam__a_Profound_Civilization_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445, &ndash; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0410 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 &ndash; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d. \u041a \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0442\u0438, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e, \u0432\u043e-\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0412\u043e-\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445, \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c &ndash; \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0435, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432,&nbsp; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0446\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c. &nbsp;\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e, \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e, \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0443, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0436\u0430\u043b\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434, \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 &nbsp;&nbsp;\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u042d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0443\u0433\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430, &nbsp;\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c. \u0418 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e. \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0440\u043b\u044b\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f&nbsp; \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u044f&nbsp; \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0443\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043d \u0422\u044d\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0440, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0412\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u044d\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0434\u044c\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 1887 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435 \u0421\u044d\u0440\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0423\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0430 &laquo;\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430&raquo; (<em>The Preaching of Islam)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;\u041e\u043d (\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c) \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u041e\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0443, \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 &ndash; \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438&raquo;.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0421\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0443, \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 &laquo;\u0418\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430&raquo; (\u0441\u043c. &laquo;\u0420\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u041f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430&raquo; \u0421\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0443)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;\u0427\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 &ndash; \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044f \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d, \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443&raquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0414\u0435 \u041b\u0430\u0441\u0438 \u041e&rsquo;\u041b\u0438\u0440\u0438 &laquo;\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0435&raquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043e \u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0447\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c &ndash; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0444, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438&raquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">H.A.R. Gibb&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;\u041d\u043e \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443. \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u043d \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430, \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 &nbsp;\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 &nbsp;\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430... \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 &ndash; \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435.\u0412 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0435\u0451 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u041d\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d&raquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0428\u043e\u0443 &laquo;\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c&raquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&laquo;\u042f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044e \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430. \u042f \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e &ndash; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u0438, \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434, \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0421\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0427\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u042f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u043b \u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c&nbsp; \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043b \u0431\u044b \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u0435. \u042f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c&raquo;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c - \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2 \u0438\u0437 2)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0410\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434 \u0422\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0431\u0438 &laquo;\u0426\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438&raquo;, \u041d\u044c\u044e \u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a, 1948:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;\u0418\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 &ndash; \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430&raquo;.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041b\u043e\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435 &laquo;\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c &ndash; \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432&raquo;. (<em>The Religion of All Prophets<\/em>, Begum Bawani Waqf, Karachi, Pakistan).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;\u041f\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0435\u043c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041e\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f &nbsp;\u0432 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043a \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440 &ndash; \u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u0427\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0441\u044c, \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0443, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432. \u0423 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d, \u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 &ndash; \u0410\u0448\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0443 \u0437\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 &ndash; \u041a\u0438\u0440, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u043e \u0441 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435. \u041e\u043d \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0432 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443. \u0418 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b \u0441 \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0443\u043c\u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u042f\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u041f\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0413\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432, \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043d\u0438 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043d\u0438 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438&raquo;.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Edward Montet, &ldquo;La Propaganda Chretienne it Adversaries Musulmans&rdquo;, Paris, 1890. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0422. \u0410\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0432 &laquo;\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430&raquo;, \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d, 1913.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c &ndash; \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u0432 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a&nbsp;\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430&nbsp;\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043a&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e&hellip; &nbsp;\u041d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043d \u0438<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0430<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0442<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0451\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0438<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0430\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043a \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b. \u041d\u043e,<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435, \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0451 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430, \u0430<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0435<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u0430<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044b, \u0432<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043d\u0430<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u043f\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 <\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&mdash;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430. \u041a\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438, \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0438\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439&raquo;.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438 &laquo;\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f&raquo;, \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d, 1983.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;\u042f \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044e\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435 &laquo;\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443&raquo;, \u043d\u043e \u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u044e &ndash; \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445, - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c &ndash; \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e&raquo;.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u041f\u043e\u043b \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043d &laquo;\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f&nbsp;\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d&raquo; (ISLAM, An Introduction for Christians) \u0410\u0443\u0433\u0441\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433, \u041c\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0441<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c &ndash; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438.\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c&nbsp;\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u043e\u0442&nbsp;\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041c\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u044b \u043a&nbsp;\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c &nbsp;\u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443. \u041c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0439&raquo;.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">John Alden Williams (editor),&nbsp;<em>ISLAM<\/em>, George Braziller, New York, 1962,<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c &ndash; \u043d\u0430\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438. \u0412\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430. \u041c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d (&laquo;\u0442\u043e\u0442, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f&raquo;) \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u043e\u043c \u043a \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0441 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435&nbsp; \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f&raquo;.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d \u042d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e &laquo;\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c &ndash; \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c&raquo; \u041d\u044c\u044e-\u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a, 1988.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&laquo;\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0421\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c. \u0414\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0438, &ndash; \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0410\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043e\u0442\u0446\u043e\u043c&nbsp;\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430&raquo;.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":16115,"lft":858,"rght":859,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-05T00:16:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T21:47:13.000000Z","language_id":5,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":540,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-05","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Islam, a Profound Civilization.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ru-Islam, a Profound Civilization.docx"},{"id":545,"title":"Isl\u00e3, uma Civiliza\u00e7\u00e3o Profunda","slug":"isl-uma-civilizao-profunda","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Islam, a Profound Civilization.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Islam, a Profound Civilization.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:isl-uma-civilizao-profunda","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Isl&atilde;, uma Civiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o Profunda<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><br \/><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Islam__a_Profound_Civilization_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;(parte 2 de 2): Mais Declara&ccedil;&otilde;es<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O Isl&atilde; que foi revelado a Muhammad, que Deus o exalte, &eacute; a continua&ccedil;&atilde;o e culmina&ccedil;&atilde;o de todas as religi&otilde;es reveladas precedentes e, portanto, &eacute; para todas as &eacute;pocas e todos os povos.&nbsp; Esse status do Isl&atilde; &eacute; sustentado por fatos &oacute;bvios.&nbsp; Em primeiro lugar, n&atilde;o existe outro livro revelado existente na mesma forma e conte&uacute;do em que foi revelado.&nbsp; Em segundo lugar, nenhuma outra religi&atilde;o revelada tem qualquer alega&ccedil;&atilde;o convincente para prover orienta&ccedil;&atilde;o em todos os segmentos da vida humana para todas as &eacute;pocas.&nbsp; Mas o Isl&atilde; se dirige &agrave; humanidade como um todo e oferece orienta&ccedil;&atilde;o b&aacute;sica em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o a todos os problemas humanos.&nbsp; Al&eacute;m disso, tem resistido ao teste de mil e quatrocentos anos e tem todas as potencialidades para estabelecer uma sociedade ideal como foi sob a lideran&ccedil;a do &uacute;ltimo Profeta Muhammad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Foi um milagre que o Profeta Muhammad pudesse trazer at&eacute; os seus inimigos mais ferrenhos para o Isl&atilde; sem recursos materiais adequados.&nbsp; Adoradores de &iacute;dolos, seguidores cegos do estilo de vida de seus antepassados, promotores de feudos tribais, e ofensores do sangue e dignidade humana se tornaram a na&ccedil;&atilde;o mais disciplinada sob a orienta&ccedil;&atilde;o do Isl&atilde; e seu Profeta.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;O Isl&atilde; abriu diante deles vis&otilde;es de eleva&ccedil;&atilde;o espiritual e dignidade humana declarando que apenas a retid&atilde;o era crit&eacute;rio de m&eacute;rito e honra.&nbsp; O Isl&atilde; moldou sua vida social, cultura, moral e comercial com leis e princ&iacute;pios b&aacute;sicos que est&atilde;o em conformidade com a natureza humana e, portanto, s&atilde;o aplic&aacute;veis em todas as &eacute;pocas, j&aacute; que a natureza humana n&atilde;o muda.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&Eacute; t&atilde;o infeliz que o Ocidente crist&atilde;o ao inv&eacute;s de sinceramente tentar compreender o sucesso fenomenal do Isl&atilde; durante o seu per&iacute;odo inicial, o considere como uma religi&atilde;o rival.&nbsp; Durante os s&eacute;culos das Cruzadas, essa tend&ecirc;ncia ganhou muita for&ccedil;a e &iacute;mpeto e muita literatura foi produzida para manchar a imagem do Isl&atilde;.&nbsp; Mas o Isl&atilde; come&ccedil;ou a revelar sua autenticidade para os eruditos modernos cujas observa&ccedil;&otilde;es corajosas e objetivas sobre o Isl&atilde; desmentem todas as acusa&ccedil;&otilde;es feitas pelos orientalistas supostamente n&atilde;o tendenciosos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Aqui n&oacute;s coletamos algumas observa&ccedil;&otilde;es sobre o Isl&atilde; feitas por renomados eruditos n&atilde;o-mu&ccedil;ulmanos dos tempos modernos. A verdade n&atilde;o precisa de advogados para advogarem em seu nome, mas a prolongada propaganda maliciosa contra o Isl&atilde; criou uma grande confus&atilde;o at&eacute; mesmo em mentes de pensadores livres e objetivos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">N&oacute;s esperamos que as observa&ccedil;&otilde;es seguintes contribuam para iniciar uma avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o objetiva do Isl&atilde;.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Canon Taylor, trabalho lido no Congresso da Igreja em Walverhamton, 7 de outubro de 1887, citado por Arnond em&nbsp;<em>The Preaching&nbsp;of Islam<\/em>, pp. 71-72:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;O Isl&atilde; substituiu o ascetismo pela determina&ccedil;&atilde;o.&nbsp; D&aacute; esperan&ccedil;a ao escravo, irmandade &agrave; humanidade, e reconhecimento de fatos fundamentais da natureza humana.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Sarojini Naidu, Li&ccedil;&otilde;es sobre &ldquo;The Ideals of Islam&rdquo;, ver Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu, Madras, 1918, p. 167:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;O senso de justi&ccedil;a &eacute; um dos ideais mais maravilhosos do Isl&atilde;, porque enquanto eu lia o Alcor&atilde;o eu encontrei princ&iacute;pios din&acirc;micos da vida, n&atilde;o &eacute;tica m&iacute;stica mas pr&aacute;tica, para a conduta di&aacute;ria da vida, adequada para o mundo todo.\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">De Lacy O&rsquo;Leary, Islam at the&nbsp;<em>Crossroads<\/em>, Londres, 1923, p.8:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;A hist&oacute;ria deixa claro, entretanto, que a lenda de mu&ccedil;ulmanos fan&aacute;ticos varrendo o mundo e for&ccedil;ando o Isl&atilde; pela espada sobre os povos conquistados &eacute; um dos mitos mais fantasticamente absurdos que os historiados jamais repetiram.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">H.A.R. Gibb, Whither Islam, Londres, 1932, p. 379:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Mas o Isl&atilde; tem um servi&ccedil;o adicional a prover para a causa da humanidade.&nbsp; Est&aacute; mais pr&oacute;ximo do verdadeiro Oriente do que a Europa, e possui uma magn&iacute;fica tradi&ccedil;&atilde;o de compreens&atilde;o e coopera&ccedil;&atilde;o inter-racial.&nbsp; Nenhuma outra sociedade tem esse registro de sucesso em unir em uma igualdade de status, oportunidade e dedica&ccedil;&atilde;o tantos e tantas ra&ccedil;as da humanidade...&nbsp; O Isl&atilde; ainda tem o poder de reconciliar elementos aparentemente irreconcili&aacute;veis de ra&ccedil;a e tradi&ccedil;&atilde;o.&nbsp; Se algum dia a oposi&ccedil;&atilde;o das grandes sociedades do Oriente e Ocidente for substitu&iacute;da pela coopera&ccedil;&atilde;o, a media&ccedil;&atilde;o do Isl&atilde; &eacute; uma condi&ccedil;&atilde;o indispens&aacute;vel.&nbsp; Em suas m&atilde;os reside em grande parte a solu&ccedil;&atilde;o do problema com o qual a Europa &eacute; confrontada em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o ao Oriente.&nbsp; Se se unirem, a esperan&ccedil;a de uma quest&atilde;o pac&iacute;fica &eacute; imensuravelmente aumentada.&nbsp; Mas se a Europa, ao rejeitar a coopera&ccedil;&atilde;o do Isl&atilde;, jog&aacute;-lo nos bra&ccedil;os de seus rivais, a quest&atilde;o s&oacute; pode ser desastrosa para ambos.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">G.B. Shaw, The Genuine Islam, Vol. 1, No. 81936:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Eu sempre tive a religi&atilde;o de Muhammad em alta estima por causa de sua maravilhosa vitalidade.&nbsp; &Eacute; a &uacute;nica religi&atilde;o que me parece possuir a capacidade de assimila&ccedil;&atilde;o para a constante fase de mudan&ccedil;a da exist&ecirc;ncia que apela para todas as &eacute;pocas.&nbsp; Eu o tenho estudado &ndash; o homem maravilhoso e em minha opini&atilde;o longe de ser um anticristo, ele deve ser chamado de Salvador da Humanidade.&nbsp; Eu acredito que se um homem como ele assumisse a ditadura do mundo moderno, seria bem-sucedido em resolver seus problemas de uma forma que traria a paz e a felicidade muito necess&aacute;rias: &nbsp;eu profetizei sobre a f&eacute; de Muhammad que ela seria aceit&aacute;vel para a Europa de amanh&atilde; com est&aacute; come&ccedil;ando a ser aceit&aacute;vel para a Europa de hoje.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(parte 2 de 2): Mais Declara&ccedil;&otilde;es<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A.J. Toynbee,&nbsp;<em>Civilization on Trial<\/em>, Nova Iorque, 1948, p. 205:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>A extin&ccedil;&atilde;o da consci&ecirc;ncia de ra&ccedil;a como acontece entre mu&ccedil;ulmanos &eacute; uma das realiza&ccedil;&otilde;es de destaque do Isl&atilde; no mundo contempor&acirc;neo. &nbsp;&nbsp;Existe uma necessidade urgente da propaga&ccedil;&atilde;o dessa virtude isl&acirc;mica.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A.M.L. Stoddard, citado em&nbsp;<em>Islam &ndash; The Religion of All Prophets<\/em>, Begum Bawani Waqf, Karachi, Pakistan, p. 56:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;O surgimento do Isl&atilde; &eacute; talvez o evento mais surpreendente na hist&oacute;ria humana.&nbsp; Surgindo de uma terra e de um povo anteriormente negligenciados, o Isl&atilde; se propagou dentro de um s&eacute;culo para metade da terra,&nbsp; esmagando grandes imp&eacute;rios, superando religi&otilde;es estabelecidas h&aacute; muito tempo, remodelando as almas de ra&ccedil;as, e construindo um mundo todo novo &ndash; o mundo do Isl&atilde;.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Quanto mais de perto n&oacute;s examinamos esse desenvolvimento mais extraordin&aacute;rio ele parece.&nbsp; As outras grandes religi&otilde;es conquistaram seu espa&ccedil;o lentamente, atrav&eacute;s de luta dolorosa, e finalmente triunfaram com a ajuda de monarcas poderosos convertidos &agrave; nova f&eacute;.&nbsp; O Cristianismo teve seu Constantino, o Budismo seu Asoka e o Zoroastrismo seu Ciro, cada um emprestando ao seu culto escolhido a for&ccedil;a poderosa de sua autoridade secular.&nbsp; Isso n&atilde;o aconteceu com o Isl&atilde;.&nbsp; Surgindo em uma terra deserta escassamente habitada por uma ra&ccedil;a n&ocirc;made que n&atilde;o era distinguida anteriormente nos anais humanos, o Isl&atilde; se lan&ccedil;ou em sua grande aventura com o m&iacute;nimo suporte humano e contra as mais pesadas dificuldades materiais.&nbsp; Ainda assim o Isl&atilde; triunfou com uma facilidade aparentemente milagrosa, e algumas gera&ccedil;&otilde;es viram o Crescente Vibrante surgir vitorioso dos Pirineus ao Himalaia e do deserto da &Aacute;sia Central aos desertos da &Aacute;frica Central.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Edward Montet, &ldquo;La Propaganda Chretienne it Adversaries Musulmans&rdquo;, Paris, 1890, citado por T.W. Arnold em&nbsp;<em>The Preaching&nbsp;of Islam<\/em>, Londres, 1913, pp. 413-414:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;O Isl&atilde; &eacute; uma religi&atilde;o que &eacute; essencialmente racionalista no sentido mais amplo desse termo considerado etimol&oacute;gica e historicamente.&nbsp; A defini&ccedil;&atilde;o de racionalismo como um sistema que baseia cren&ccedil;a religiosa em princ&iacute;pios estabelecidos pela raz&atilde;o&nbsp; se aplicam a ele de forma precisa... N&atilde;o se pode negar que muitas doutrinas e sistemas de teologia e tamb&eacute;m muitas supersti&ccedil;&otilde;es, da adora&ccedil;&atilde;o de santos ao uso de ros&aacute;rios e amuletos, se inseriram no ramo principal da cren&ccedil;a mu&ccedil;ulmana.&nbsp; Mas apesar do rico desenvolvimento, em todo o sentido do termo, dos ensinamentos do profeta, o Alcor&atilde;o manteve seu lugar como ponto de partida fundamental, e o dogma da unicidade de Deus tem sido sempre proclamado nele com uma pureza invari&aacute;vel, uma majestade, grandeza e com uma nota de pura convic&ccedil;&atilde;o, que &eacute; dif&iacute;cil encontrar fora do Isl&atilde;.&nbsp; Essa fidelidade ao dogma fundamental da religi&atilde;o, a simplicidade elementar da f&oacute;rmula na qual ele &eacute; enunciado, a prova que obt&eacute;m da convic&ccedil;&atilde;o determinada dos mission&aacute;rios que o propagam, s&atilde;o muitas causas para explicar o sucesso dos esfor&ccedil;os mission&aacute;rios maometanos<a title=\" N.T: O termo &ldquo;maometano&rdquo; n&atilde;o &eacute; empregado pelos mu&ccedil;ulmanos e &eacute; considerado errado por eles, por passar a impress&atilde;o de que o profeta Muhammad &eacute; o centro de sua f&eacute;. Os mu&ccedil;ulmanos adoram a Deus e a Deus somente. O termo s&oacute; foi mantido por fidelidade ao texto\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/192\/#_ftn13620\">[1]<\/a>.&nbsp; Deve-se esperar que um credo t&atilde;o preciso, t&atilde;o destitu&iacute;do de complexidades teol&oacute;gicas e conseq&uuml;entemente t&atilde;o acess&iacute;vel ao entendimento comum possua e, de fato, possui, um poder maravilhoso de abrir seu caminho at&eacute; as consci&ecirc;ncias dos homens.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">W. Montgomery Watt,&nbsp;<em>Islam and Christianity Today<\/em>, Londres, 1983, p.IX:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;Eu n&atilde;o sou um mu&ccedil;ulmano no sentido usual, embora eu espero ser um &ldquo;mu&ccedil;ulmano&rdquo; como &ldquo;aquele que se submete a Deus&rdquo;, mas eu acredito que embutido no Alcor&atilde;o e outras express&otilde;es da vis&atilde;o isl&acirc;mica est&atilde;o vastos estoques da verdade divina da qual eu e outros ocidentais temos muito que aprender, e &lsquo;o Isl&atilde; &eacute; certamente um grande contendor para o suprimento da estrutura b&aacute;sica de uma religi&atilde;o do futuro.&rsquo;&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Paul Varo Martinson (editor),&nbsp;<em>ISLAM, An Introduction for Christians<\/em>, Augsburg, Mine&aacute;polis, 1994, p. 205:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;O Isl&atilde; &eacute; uma f&eacute; aut&ecirc;ntica que molda o &iacute;ntimo dos&nbsp; nossos vizinhos mu&ccedil;ulmanos e determina suas atitudes na vida.&nbsp; E a f&eacute; isl&acirc;mica &eacute; geralmente mais voltada para a tradi&ccedil;&atilde;o do que a forma ocidental recente da f&eacute; crist&atilde;, que experimentou consider&aacute;vel seculariza&ccedil;&atilde;o.&nbsp; N&oacute;s s&oacute; seremos justos com a popula&ccedil;&atilde;o isl&acirc;mica quando os compreendermos a partir de seu centro religioso e os respeitarmos como uma comunidade de f&eacute;.&nbsp; Os mu&ccedil;ulmanos se tornaram parceiros importantes no di&aacute;logo sobre a f&eacute;.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">John Alden Williams (editor),&nbsp;<em>ISLAM<\/em>, George Braziller, Nova Iorque, 1962, na parte de dentro da capa:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;O Isl&atilde; &eacute; muito mais que uma religi&atilde;o formal: &eacute; um modo de vida completo.&nbsp; De muitas formas &eacute; um fator mais determinante na experi&ecirc;ncia de seus seguidores do que qualquer outra religi&atilde;o.&nbsp; O mu&ccedil;ulmano (&ldquo;Aquele que se submete\") vive face a face com Deus em todos os momentos, e n&atilde;o far&aacute; separa&ccedil;&atilde;o entre sua vida e a sua religi&atilde;o, sua pol&iacute;tica e sua f&eacute;.&nbsp; Com sua forte &ecirc;nfase na irmandade dos homens cooperando para cumprir a vontade de Deus, o Isl&atilde; se tornou uma das religi&otilde;es mais influentes no mundo hoje.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">John L. Esposito,&nbsp;<em>ISLAM, The Straight Path<\/em>, Oxford University Press, Nova Iorque, 1988, pp. 3-4:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;O Isl&atilde; se encaixa em uma longa linha semita de tradi&ccedil;&otilde;es religiosas prof&eacute;ticas, que compartilham um monote&iacute;smo determinado, cren&ccedil;a na revela&ccedil;&atilde;o de Deus, Seus profetas, responsabilidade &eacute;tica e presta&ccedil;&atilde;o de contas, e o Dia do Ju&iacute;zo. &nbsp;&nbsp;De fato, os mu&ccedil;ulmanos, como os crist&atilde;os e os judeus, s&atilde;o os Filhos de Abra&atilde;o, uma vez que todos remontam suas comunidades a ele.&nbsp; A rela&ccedil;&atilde;o pol&iacute;tica, religiosa e hist&oacute;rica do Isl&atilde; com o Cristianismo e o Juda&iacute;smo se manteve forte ao longo da hist&oacute;ria.&nbsp; Essa intera&ccedil;&atilde;o tem sido a fonte de benef&iacute;cio e empr&eacute;stimo m&uacute;tuo e tamb&eacute;m de mal-entendidos e conflito.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/pt\/articles\/192\/#_ftnref13620\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;N.T: O termo &ldquo;maometano&rdquo; n&atilde;o &eacute; empregado pelos mu&ccedil;ulmanos e &eacute; considerado errado por eles, por passar a impress&atilde;o de que o profeta Muhammad &eacute; o centro de sua f&eacute;. Os mu&ccedil;ulmanos adoram a Deus e a Deus somente. O termo s&oacute; foi mantido por fidelidade ao texto original do autor citado.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":15657,"lft":860,"rght":861,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-05T00:16:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T22:17:11.000000Z","language_id":15,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":540,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-05","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Islam, a Profound Civilization.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/pt-Islam, a Profound Civilization.docx"},{"id":546,"title":"\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u2014\u2014\u771f\u6587\u660e","slug":"addda","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Islam, a Profound Civilization.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Islam, a Profound Civilization.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:addda","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>\u4f0a\u65af\u5170&mdash;&mdash;\u771f\u6587\u660e<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><br \/><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Islam__a_Profound_Civilization_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff081\/2\uff09\uff1a\u5bfc\u8a00<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u662f\u5b89\u62c9\u542f\u793a\u7ed9\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\uff08\u613f\u4e3b\u8d50\u798f\u4e8e\u4ed6\uff09\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u6709\u5929\u542f\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u800c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fbe\u81f3\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5883\u754c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u4ee3\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u7ecf\u5178\u80fd\u50cf\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4e00\u6837\u88ab\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u80fd\u50cf\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u4ee3\u3001\u5404\u4e2a\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9762\u5411\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u5bf9\u89e3\u51b3\u4eba\u7c7b\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ecf\u5386\u4e861400\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u8003\u9a8c\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5148\u77e5\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u9886\u8896\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7528\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u793e\u4f1a\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5b8c\u5168\u5177\u5907\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u4ee3\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u94f8\u9020\u7406\u60f3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 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class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u7136\u800c\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u8bda\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u770b\u5f85\u65e9\u671f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u628a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u770b\u6210\u4e86\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u3002\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7684\u4e1c\u4fb5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u503e\u5411\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u5e76\u58ee\u5927\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u89c1\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6b6a\u66f2\u548c\u4e11\u5316\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6210\u679c\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee5\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u52c7\u6562\u3001\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u6240\u8c13\u5ba2\u89c2\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f53\u4ee3\u975e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u771f\u7406\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8fdb\u884c\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u6076\u610f\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u641e\u4e71\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u5ba2\u89c2\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u81ea\u7531\u800c\u8457\u79f0\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u96be\u514d\u4e0d\u53d7\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0b\u9762\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u8bc4\u4ef7\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">1887\u5e7410\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u4f0d\u5c14\u798f\u6c49\u666e\u987f\uff08Walverhamton\uff09\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7267\u5e08\u6cf0\u52d2\uff08Canon Taylor\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u6f14\u8bf4\uff0c\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\u5728\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u300b\uff08Arnond in The Preaching of Islam\uff09\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u4f0a\u65af<\/strong><strong>\u5170\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u50e7\u4fa3\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u7ed9\u5974\u96b6\u5e26\u6765\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u5b83\u5021\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u627f\u8ba4\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u8428\u7f57\u5409\u5c3c&middot;\u5948\u675c\uff08Sarojini Naidu\uff09\u5728\u9a6c\u5fb7\u62c9\u65af\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6f14\u8bf4\u96c6\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u300b\uff08The Ideals of Islam\uff09\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u516c\u6b63\u539f<\/strong><strong>\u5219\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6700\u9ad8\u7406\u60f3\u4e2d\u6700\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u5728\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u662f\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6d3b\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u795e\u79d8\u83ab\u6d4b\u7684\u6559\u6761\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u4eba\u60c5\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u529f\u7528\u5728\u4e8e\u63a8\u52a8\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u6b63\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">1923\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u5904\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u53e3\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fb7&middot;\u52d2\u65af&middot;\u5965\u83b1\u5229\u6307\u51fa\uff08De Lacy O'Leary Islam at Crossroads\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u5386\u53f2\u5df2\u7ecf\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f9d\u9760\u6b66\u529b\u548c\u5b9d\u5251\uff0c\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6a2a\u626b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u6700\u4e0d\u771f\u5b9e\u3001\u6700\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5c61\u72af\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">H&middot;R&middot;A&middot;\u5409\u5e03\u5728\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u8d8b\u5411\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c379\u9875\u4e0a\u6307\u51fa\uff08H.A.R Gibb Whither Islam\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u522b\u5fd8\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4f9d\u7136\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u633a\u7acb\u5728\u8fd1\u4e1c\u8fd9\u7247\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4eba\u7c7b\u7eb7\u7e41\u590d\u6742\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u80fd\u50cf\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u90a3\u6837\u80fd\u5982\u6b64\u6210\u529f\u5730\u878d\u5408\u4f17\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5927\u56e2\u7ed3\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4f9d\u7136\u5177\u6709\u8c03\u8282\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u897f\u65b9\u548c\u4e1c\u65b9\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee5\u5408\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e2\u7ed3\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u5982\u679c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u4f7f\u53cc\u65b9\u8fdb\u5165\u519b\u5907\u7ade\u8d5b\u7684\u5883\u5730\u3002\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5bf9\u53cc\u65b9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e50\u610f\u5f15\u7528\u4f2f\u7eb3\u5fb7&middot;\u8096\u5728\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\uff08\u300a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u300b\uff0cG. B. Shaw The Genuine Islam Vol. 1, No. 81936)\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u6211<\/strong><strong>\u5bf9\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6709\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u6df1\u6df1\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u6211\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u63a5\u53d7\u65b0\u601d\u6f6e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u5438\u5f15\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u4e16\u9053\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u3002\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4ed6<\/strong><strong>&mdash;&mdash;<\/strong><strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u4f20\u5947\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u4eba<\/strong><strong>&mdash;&mdash;<\/strong><strong>\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd<\/strong><strong>\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e94\u8be5\u79f0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u62ef\u6551\u8005\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u628a\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e13\u653f\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8d4b\u4e88\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\u89e3\u51b3\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong><strong>\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u3002\u6211\u9884\u8a00\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4eca\u65e5\u6b27\u6d32\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4e5f<\/strong><strong>\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff082\/2\uff09\uff1a\u66f4\u591a\u8bf4\u660e<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A&middot;J&middot;\u6c64\u56e0\u6bd4\u57281948\u5e74\u7ebd\u7ea6\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8003\u9a8c\u300b\u7b2c205\u9875\u4e0a\u6307\u51fa(A. J. Loynbee Civilization on Trial P. 205 New York 1948)\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b<\/strong><strong>\u95f4\u4e0d\u5206\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5ba3\u4f20\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A&middot;M&middot;L&middot;\u65af\u6258\u8fbe\u5fb7\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170&mdash;&mdash;\u6240\u6709\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u300b\u7b2c56\u9875\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff08\u6b64\u4e66\u7531\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766-\u5361\u62c9\u5947-\u5df4\u74e6\u5c3c\u516c\u4e3b\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\uff0cA. M. L. Stoddard, quoted in Islam--The Religion of All Prophets P. 56, Begum Bawani Waqf, Karachi, Pakistan\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u4f0a\u65af<\/strong><strong>\u5170\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u786e\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u5947\u7684\u76db\u4e8b\u3002\u5b83\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u6c99\u6f20\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e2d\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u8fc5\u901f\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u3002\u5b83\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u6781\u76db\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u6218\u80dc\u4e86\u539f\u6709\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5d2d\u65b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c<\/strong><strong>&mdash;&mdash;<\/strong><strong>\u4f0a\u65af<\/strong><strong>\u5170\u4e16\u754c<\/strong><strong>\u3002<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u6211<\/strong><strong>\u4eec\u8d8a\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c<\/strong><strong>\u6211<\/strong><strong>\u4eec\u8d8a\u89c9\u5f97\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u662f\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u800c\u5176\u5b83\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u5f3a\u6743\u8feb\u4f7f\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u7688\u4f9d\u5176\u95e8\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u8d62\u5f97\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f9d\u9760\u5eb7\u65af\u5766\u4e01\u5927\u5e1d\u3001\u4f5b\u6559\u4f9d\u9760\u963f\u80b2\u738b\u3001\u62dc\u706b\u6559\u4f9d\u9760\u6ce2\u65af\u738b\u5c45\u9c81\u58eb\u3002\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f3a\u6743\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u624d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f3a\u6743\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62e5\u6709\u4e16\u4fd7\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5e1d\u738b\u4eec\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u6311\u9009\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u3002\u4f46\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u5174\u8d77\u4e8e\u4eba\u70df\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u6c99\u6f20\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e0d\u89c1\u7ecf\u4f20\u7684\u6e38\u7267\u90e8\u843d\u3002\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u529b\u91cf\u53c8\u5341\u5206\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u9762\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u6761\u4ef6\u4f18\u539a\u7684\u5f3a\u654c\u3002\u4f46<\/strong><strong>\u662f\u4f0a\u65af<\/strong><strong>\u5170\u6700\u540e\u5947\u8ff9\u822c\u5730\u6218\u80dc\u4e86\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4eba\u4eec\u4eb2\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u661f\u6708\u65d7\u5e1c\uff0c\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6bd4\u5229\u725b\u65af\u5c71\u8109\u4e00\u76f4\u98d8\u626c\u5230\u4e9a\u6d32\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u5c71\u8109\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e9a\u7684\u6c99\u6f20\u98d8\u626c\u5230\u4e2d\u975e\u7684\u6c99\u6f20\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u7231\u5fb7\u534e&middot;\u8499\u592a\uff081890\u5e74\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5df4\u9ece\u51fa\u7248Edward Montet, &ldquo;La Propaganda Chretienne it Adversaries Musulmans&rdquo;, Paris, 1890,\uff09\u5f15\u7528\u4e86T&middot;W&middot;\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u300b\uff081913\u5e74\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u51fa\u7248\uff09\u7b2c413-414\u9875\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff08T.W. Arnold in The Preaching of Islam, London, 1913, pp. 413-414\uff09\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u65e0<\/strong><strong>\u8bba\u4ece\u8bcd\u6e90\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fd8\u662f\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8c\u5168\u9002\u5e94\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u5728\u7406\u6027\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u65e0\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u591a\u8ff7\u4fe1\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong><strong>&mdash;&mdash;<\/strong><strong>\u4ece\u5d07\u62dc\u5723\u5f92\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u5ff5\u73e0\u4ee5\u53ca<\/strong><strong>\u62a4\u8eab\u7b26\u7b49<\/strong><strong>&mdash;&mdash;<\/strong><strong>\u90fd\u5df2<\/strong><strong>\u7ecf\u88ab\u5ac1\u63a5\u5230\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e3b\u5e72\u4e0a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u5f85\u4eba\u63a5\u7269\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u4ee5\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u6559\u8bf2\u4e3a\u699c\u6837\uff0c\u800c\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u5219\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9<\/strong><strong>\u3002<\/strong><strong>\u8fd9\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4ee5\u5b8f\u4f1f\u5e84\u4e25\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a<\/strong><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u5b89\u62c9\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\u7684\u6559<\/strong><strong>\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u575a\u4fe1\u4e0d\u79fb\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u96be\u4ee5\u6bd4\u62df\u7684\u3002\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u7eaf\u771f\uff0c\u4ee5\u660e\u6670\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u9610\u660e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4fe1\u6761\uff0c\u8fd9\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u771f\u5207\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u5fb7\u5c65\u884c\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u3002<\/strong><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u5b89\u62c9\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong><strong>\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fe1\u6761\u5982\u6b64\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u5265\u79bb\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u795e\u5947\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8fc8\u8fdb\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u8bc6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u624e\u4e0b\u4e86\u6839\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">W&middot;\u8499\u7279\u683c\u83ab\u745e\uff08Mongomery\uff09\u5728\u300a\u4eca\u65e5\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u300b\uff081983\u5e74\u4f26\u6566\u7248\uff0cW. Montgomery Watt, Islam and Christianity Today, London, 1983, p.IX\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c<\/strong><strong>\u867d\u7136\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u987a\u4ece\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u6df1\u6df1\u76f8\u4fe1\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5176\u4ed6\u89c2\u70b9\u4e2d\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u8574\u85cf\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u6211\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u540c\u4e8b\u8981\u8ba4\u771f\u5b66\u4e60\u8fd9\u4e00\u771f\u7406\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bcc\u6709\u751f\u547d\u529b\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5b83\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4fdd\u7f57&middot;\u74e6\u7f57&middot;\u9a6c\u4e01\u68ee\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5411\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f92\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u300b\uff081994\u5e74\uff0c\u660e\u5c3c\u963f\u6ce2\u5229\u65afMinneapolis\uff0c\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u5821Augsburg\u51fa\u7248\uff0cPaul Varo Martinson (editor), ISLAM, An Introduction for Christians, Augsburg, Minneapolis, 1994\uff09\u7b2c205\u9875\u4e0a\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u4f0a\u65af<\/strong><strong>\u5170\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7eaf\u771f\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u90bb\u5c45<\/strong><strong>&mdash;&mdash;<\/strong><strong>\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4ed6<\/strong><strong>\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e1c\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5df2\u7ecf\u6df1\u6df1\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u7406\u89e3\u7a46\u65af\u6797<\/strong><strong>\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/strong><strong>\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u516c\u5e73\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4eba\u3002\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5bf9\u8bdd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u7ea6\u7ff0&middot;\u5965\u5c14\u767b&middot;\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u5728\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u300b\uff081962\u5e74\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb&middot;\u5e03\u91cc\u5947\u51fa\u7248\uff0cJohn Alden Williams (editor), ISLAM, George Braziller, New York, 1962\uff09\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u4f0a\u65af<\/strong><strong>\u5170\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5bf9\u5176\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff08\u987a\u4ece\u72ec\u4e00\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4eba\uff09\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5b89\u62c9\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\uff0c<\/strong><strong>\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4f0a\u65af<\/strong><strong>\u5170\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fe1\u58eb\u7686\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bc6\u5207\u5408\u4f5c\u4ee5\u5c65\u884c\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u662f\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u7ea6\u7ff0&middot;L&middot;\u57c3\u65af\u6ce2\u897f\u6258\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170&mdash;&mdash;\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9053\u8def\u300b\uff081988\u5e74\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002John L. Esposito, ISLAM, The Straight Path, Oxford University Press, New York, 1988\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c3-4\u9875\u4e0a\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u4f0a\u65af<\/strong><strong>\u5170\u5c79\u7acb\u4e8e\u95ea\u7c73\u7279\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u3001\u6beb\u4e0d\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u3001\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3b\u72ec\u4e00\u8bba\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u51b3\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b89\u62c9\u7684<\/strong><strong>\u542f\u793a\u3001\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4f17\u5148\u77e5\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u7684<\/strong><strong>\u8d23\u4efb\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u672b\u65e5\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u3002\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u50cf\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5f92\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u7684\u540e\u88d4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4ed6\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e2\u5b58\u5728\u8bef\u89e3\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":14094,"lft":862,"rght":863,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-05T00:16:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T17:42:21.000000Z","language_id":18,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":540,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-05","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Islam, a Profound Civilization.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/zh-Islam, a Profound Civilization.docx"},{"id":547,"title":"\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u6587\u660e\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u6027","slug":"sdgki","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Islam, a Profound Civilization.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Islam, a Profound Civilization.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:sdgki","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u6587\u660e\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u6027<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><br \/><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/Islam__a_Profound_Civilization_(part_1_of_2)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff081\uff0f2\uff09\uff1a\u5e8f\u8aac<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\uff08\u795e\u306e\u6148\u60b2\u3068\u795d\u798f\u3042\u308c\uff09\u306b\u5553\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\u5168\u3066\u306e\u5553\u793a\u5b97\u6559\u304b\u3089\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u7d50\u5b9f\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u6642\u4ee3\u3068\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5730\u4f4d\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8f1d\u304b\u3057\u3044\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305a\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u5553\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f53\u6642\u3068\u540c\u3058\u72b6\u614b\u3068\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4fdd\u305f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5553\u5178\u306f\u4ed6\u306b\u73fe\u5b58\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u4eba\u751f\u306e\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u5074\u9762\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5c0e\u304d\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u8aac\u5f97\u529b\u306e\u3042\u308b\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u5553\u793a\u5b97\u6559\u306f\u4ed6\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u306b\u547c\u3073\u304b\u3051\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u8af8\u554f\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u5c0e\u304d\u3092\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u66f4\u306b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f1,400\u5e74\u306b\u6e21\u308b\u8a66\u7df4\u3092\u4e57\u308a\u8d8a\u3048\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u306e\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u306e\u5143\u306b\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u79d8\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u304c\u5341\u5206\u306a\u7269\u8cc7\u3082\u306a\u3044\u307e\u307e\u3001\u5f7c\u306b\u6700\u3082\u8f9b\u8fa3\u3060\u3063\u305f\u6575\u3092\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u547c\u3073\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5947\u8de1\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5076\u50cf\u5d07\u62dd\u8005\u3001\u7236\u7956\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3078\u306e\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u306a\u8ffd\u5f93\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3001\u90e8\u65cf\u9593\u306e\u4e0d\u548c\u3092\u52a9\u9577\u3059\u308b\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3001\u307e\u305f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u54c1\u4f4d\u3068\u751f\u547d\u3092\u8105\u304b\u3059\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u3068\u305d\u306e\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3001\u6700\u3082\u54c1\u683c\u3042\u308b\u56fd\u5bb6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5909\u8c8c\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3055\u3053\u305d\u304c\u7f8e\u70b9\u3068\u540d\u8a89\u306e\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5ba3\u8a00\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u9ad8\u307f\u3068\u4eba\u9593\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u54c1\u4f4d\u3078\u306e\u5c55\u671b\u3092\u958b\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u3001\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5546\u696d\u7684\u55b6\u307f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u6027\u306b\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u3068\u539f\u5247\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u5f62\u4f5c\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4eba\u9593\u6027\u3068\u306f\u5909\u5316\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u897f\u6d0b\u306e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u304c\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u52c3\u8208\u671f\u306b\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u9a5a\u7570\u7684\u306a\u6210\u529f\u3092\u5fc3\u304b\u3089\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3088\u3046\u305b\u305a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u6575\u5bfe\u5b97\u6559\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u4e0d\u5e78\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5341\u5b57\u8ecd\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6570\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u306f\u3053\u306e\u50be\u5411\u304c\u9855\u8457\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u66f4\u306b\u52e2\u3044\u3065\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u5370\u8c61\u3092\u6c5a\u305d\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5927\u91cf\u306e\u6587\u732e\u304c\u51fa\u56de\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b\u300c\u504f\u898b\u306e\u306a\u3044\u6771\u6d0b\u5b66\u8005\u300d\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3088\u308b\u653b\u6483\u304c\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5927\u80c6\u304b\u3064\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u3059\u308b\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6b63\u771f\u6b63\u9298\u3055\u3092\u3042\u3089\u308f\u306b\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u305d\u308c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8fd1\u4ee3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6a29\u5a01\u3042\u308b\u975e\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u771f\u5b9f\u306b\u4ee3\u5f01\u8005\u306f\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306f\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u9577\u5e74\u306e\u60aa\u610f\u306b\u6e80\u3061\u305f\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30ac\u30f3\u30c0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3067\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u601d\u60f3\u3092\u6301\u3063\u305f\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u3055\u3048\u5927\u304d\u306a\u6df7\u4e71\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9858\u671b\u3092\u62b1\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30ad\u30e3\u30ce\u30f3\u30fb\u30c6\u30a4\u30e9\u30fc\u6c0f\uff1a\u30a6\u30a9\u30eb\u30f4\u30a1\u30fc\u30cf\u30f3\u30d7\u30c8\u30f3\u3067\u306e\u6559\u4f1a\u8b70\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u30661887\u5e7410\u67087\u65e5\u306b\u8aad\u307e\u308c\u305f\u8ad6\u6587\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066&nbsp;The Preaching of Islam\uff08\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u5ba3\u6559\uff09\u306e71&minus;72\u9801\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30ce\u30f3\u30c9\u6c0f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f15\u7528\u304c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u305d\u308c\uff08\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\uff09\u306f\u52d5\u7269\u6027\u3092\u4eba\u9593\u6027\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5974\u96b7\u3078\u5e0c\u671b\u3092\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u3078\u5144\u5f1f\u611b\u3092\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4eba\u9593\u6027\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3078\u306e\u8a8d\u8b58\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u307e\u305f\u30b5\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u30cb\u30fc\u30fb\u30ca\u30fc\u30a4\u30c9\u30a5\u30fc\u6c0f\u306f&ldquo;&nbsp;<em>The Ideals of Islam<\/em>\uff08\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u7406\u60f3\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8b1b\u7fa9\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu\u3001\u30de\u30c9\u30e9\u30b9\u30011918\u5e74\u3001167\u9801\u53c2\u7167\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u6b63\u7fa9\u611f\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u6700\u3082\u7d20\u6674\u3057\u304d\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u79c1\u306f\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u4eba\u751f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8e8d\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u539f\u5247\u3092\u898b\u3044\u3060\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u9069\u3057\u305f\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u502b\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb<\/strong><strong>\u3060\u304b\u3089<\/strong><strong>\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30c7\u30fb\u30ec\u30a4\u30b7\u30fc\u30fb\u30aa\u30fc\u30ea\u30a2\u30ea\u30fc\u6c0f\u306e&nbsp;<em>Islam at the Crossroads<\/em>\uff08\u5c90\u8def\u306b\u7acb\u3064\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\uff09\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u30011923\u5e74\u30018\u9801\u3067\u306f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u72c2\u4fe1\u7684\u306a\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u305f\u3061\u304c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u306b\u306a\u3060\u308c\u8fbc\u307f\u3001\u652f\u914d\u5730\u57df\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5263\u5148\u3067\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u6539\u5b97\u3092\u5f37\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4f1d\u8aac\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u6b74\u53f2\u5bb6\u305f\u3061\u304c\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u5fa9\u5531\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3001\u6700\u3082\u7a7a\u60f3\u7684\u3067\u99ac\u9e7f\u3052\u305f\u304a\u3068\u304e\u8a71\u306e<\/strong><strong>\u4e00<\/strong><strong>\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff28\u30fb\uff21\u30fb\uff32\u30fb\u30ae\u30d6\u3001Whither Islam\uff08\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u3069\u3053\u3078\uff09\u3001\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u30011932\u5e74\u3001379\u9801\u3067\u306f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u5229\u76ca\u3078\u66f4\u306a\u308b\u5949\u4ed5\u3092\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092<\/strong><strong>\u62c5<\/strong><strong>\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4f55\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3082\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3088\u308a\u3082\u6771\u6d0b\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7570\u4eba\u7a2e\u9593\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3068\u5354\u8abf\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u898b\u4e8b\u306a\u4f1d\u7d71\u3092\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u307b\u3069\u307e\u3067\u306b\u591a\u7a2e\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u4eba\u7a2e\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3001\u52aa\u529b\u306e\u5e73\u7b49\u6027\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u7d71\u4e00\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6210\u529f\u306f\u3001\u672a\u3060\u304b\u3064\u3066\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u793e\u4f1a\u3067\u3082\u898b\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u306f<\/strong><strong>\u3001\u7570\u4eba\u7a2e\u9593\u3001<\/strong><strong>\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4f1d\u7d71<\/strong><strong>\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b<\/strong><strong>\u8abf\u548c\u3057<\/strong><strong>\u96e3<\/strong><strong>\u3044\u8981\u7d20<\/strong><strong>\u3092<\/strong><strong>\u8abf\u548c\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046<\/strong><strong>\u529b<\/strong><strong>\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong><strong>\u3082\u3057\u3082\u6771\u6d0b\u3068\u897f\u6d0b\u306e\u5049\u5927\u306a\u308b\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5bfe\u7acb\u304c\u8abf\u548c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7f6e\u304d\u4ee3\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8abf\u505c\u304c\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u305d\u306e\u624b\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u76f4\u9762\u3059\u308b\u3001\u6771\u6d0b\u3068\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u554f\u984c\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3060\u3002\u3082\u3057\u3082\u53cc\u65b9\u304c\u56e3\u7d50\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5e73\u548c\u3078\u306e\u671f\u5f85\u306f\u679c\u3066\u3057\u306a\u304f\u5897\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3082\u3057\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d0\u304c\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u3068\u306e\u5354\u529b\u3092\u7a81\u3063\u3071\u306d\u3001\u62d2\u5426\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u53cc\u65b9\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u60b2\u60e8\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u304b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30ca\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30b7\u30e7\u30fc\u3001The Genuine Islam\uff08\u672c\u7269\u306e\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\uff09\u3001\u4e00\u5dfb\u300181936\u756a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u79c1\u306f\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d20\u6674\u3057\u3044\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5e38\u306b\u9ad8\u3044\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u6765\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u6b20\u304b\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u306a\u3044\u5909\u5316\u306e\u69d8\u76f8\u3078\u3068\u540c\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u529b\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u3044\u3064\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u9b45\u529b\u7684\u306b\u6620\u308b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u5f7c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u79c1\u306b\u8a00\u308f\u305b\u308c\u3070\u3001\u53cd\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306a\u3069\u3068\u306f\u304b\u3051\u96e2\u308c\u305f\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u6551\u4e16\u4e3b\u3068\u3067\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u7d20\u6674\u3057\u3044\u4eba\u7269\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u3067\u6a29\u529b\u3092\u63e1\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4eca\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5e73\u548c\u3068\u5e78\u798f\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8af8\u554f\u984c\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u306b\u6210\u529f\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u4fe1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3064\u3064\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u660e\u65e5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4e88\u8a00\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff082\uff0f2\uff09\uff1a\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u8a3c\u8a00<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff21\u30fb\uff2a\u30fb\u30c8\u30a4\u30f3\u30d3\u30fc\u3001<em>Civilization on Trial<\/em>\uff08\u8a66\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6587\u660e\uff09\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\u30011948\u5e74\u3001205\u9801\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u540c\u58eb\u306e\u4eba\u7a2e\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u5bfe\u6297\u610f\u8b58\u306e\u6839\u7d76\u306f\u3001\u8fd1\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u308a\u9054\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5091\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb3\u306e\u4f1d\u64ad\u306f\u7dca\u6025\u3092\u8981\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff21\u30fb\uff2d\u30fb\uff2c\u30fb\u30b9\u30c8\u30c0\u30fc\u30c9\u3001<em>Islam &ndash; The Religion of All Prophets<\/em>\uff08\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u3000&mdash;\u3000\u5168\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u5b97\u6559\uff09Begum Bawani Waqf \u3001\u30ab\u30e9\u30c1\u3001\u30d1\u30ad\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u300156\u9801\u306e\u5f15\u7528\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u8208\u9686\u306f\u3001\u6050\u3089\u304f\u4eba\u985e\u53f2\u4e0a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u9a5a\u7570\u7684\u306a\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306a\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306f\u53d6\u308b\u306b\u8db3\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306a\u571f\u5730\u3068\u6c11\u304b\u3089\u767a\u7965\u3057\u305f\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u3082\u7d4c\u305f\u306a\u3044<\/strong><strong>\u5185<\/strong><strong>\u306b\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u534a\u5206\u306b\u5e83\u307e\u308a\u3001\u8af8\u3005\u306e\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\u3092\u6253\u3061\u7815\u304d\u3001\u9577\u304d\u306b\u6e21\u3063\u3066\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u8af8\u5b97\u6559\u306b\u52dd\u5229\u3057\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u9b42\u3092\u518d\u751f\u3055\u305b\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u4e16\u754c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5168\u304f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u7bc9\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u3088\u308a\u81f3\u8fd1\u8ddd\u96e2\u304b\u3089\u3053\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3059\u308b\u7a0b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3088\u308a\u9a5a\u6115\u7684\u306b\u6620\u308b\u3002\u4ed6\u306e\u5927\u5b97\u6559\u306f\u82e6\u75db\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u95d8\u4e89\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3086\u3063\u304f\u308a\u3068\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u306f\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u541b\u4e3b\u304c\u6539\u5b97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6210\u529f\u3092\u53ce\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306f\u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30cc\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4ecf\u6559\u306f\u30a2\u30b7\u30e7\u30fc\u30ab\u738b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30be\u30ed\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u6559\u306f\u30ad\u30e5\u30ed\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f37\u5927\u306a\u4e16\u4fd7\u6a29\u529b\u3092\u52a9\u3051\u306b\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3092\u652f\u3048\u3066\u6765\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u3053\u3046\u3044\u3063\u305f\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u306f\u8a72\u5f53\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u8a18\u9332\u4e0a\u76ee\u7acb\u3063\u305f\u52d5\u304d\u306e\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3001\u904a\u7267\u6c11\u304c\u307e\u3070\u3089\u306b\u5c45\u4f4f\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u306e\u7802\u6f20\u5730\u5e2f\u304b\u3089\u52c3\u8208\u3057\u305f\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u3084\u305b\u3053\u3051\u305f\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u3088\u308b\u652f\u6301\u3068\u3001\u7269\u8cc7\u7684\u306b\u3082\u5168\u304f\u52dd\u7b97\u306e\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u304b\u3089\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9580\u51fa\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u5947\u8de1\u3068\u3067\u3082\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u7a0b\u3001\u3042\u305f\u304b\u3082\u5bb9\u6613\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5927\u6210\u529f\u3092\u53ce\u3081\u3001\u4e09\u65e5\u6708\u65d7\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u6570\u4e16\u4ee3\u3067\u30d4\u30ec\u30cd\u30fc\u5c71\u8108\u304b\u3089\u30d2\u30de\u30e9\u30e4\u5c71\u8108\u307e\u3067\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u4e2d\u592e\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u306e\u7802\u6f20\u5730\u5e2f\u304b\u3089\u4e2d\u592e\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u7802\u6f20\u5730\u5e2f\u306b\u307e\u3067\u731b\u70c8\u306a\u5e83\u307e\u308a\u3092\u307f\u305b\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30a8\u30c9\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30e2\u30f3\u30c6\u3001&ldquo;<em>La Propaganda Chretienne it Adversaries Musulmans<\/em>&rdquo;\uff08\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5f92\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30ac\u30f3\u30c0\u306f\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u3092\u6575\u3068\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3001\u30d1\u30ea\u30011890\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u3001\uff34\u30fb\uff37\u30fb\u30a2\u30fc\u30ce\u30eb\u30c9\u306e<em>The Preaching of Islam<\/em>\uff08\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u5ba3\u6559\uff09\u3001\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u30011913\u5e74\u3001413&minus;414\u9801\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5370\u7528\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u3068\u306f\u8a9e\u6e90\u7684\u306b\u3082\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u3082\u3001\u8003\u3048\u5f97\u308b\u9650\u308a\u6700\u3082\u5e83\u7bc4\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3067\u6839\u672c\u7684\u5408\u7406\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u6761\u3092\u5143\u306b\u3057\u305f\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5408\u7406\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u7406\u6027\u9069\u7528\u306e\u63d0\u4f9b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6559\u7fa9\u3084\u795e\u5b66\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3001\u307e\u305f\u8056\u4eba\u5d07\u62dd\u304b\u3089\u30ed\u30b6\u30ea\u30aa\u3084\u9b54\u9664\u3051\u306a\u3069\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6570\u3005\u306e\u8ff7\u4fe1\u306f\u3001\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u4fe1\u6761\u306e\u4e3b\u5e79\u306b\u7d99\u304e\u8db3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u8c4a\u304b\u306a\u767a\u5c55\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u6559\u3048\u306e\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u51fa\u767a\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u4e0d\u52d5\u305f\u308b\u5730\u4f4d\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u5049\u5927\u3055\u3001\u8358\u53b3\u3055\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4e0d\u5909\u306e\u6e05\u3089\u304b\u3055\u3068\u78ba\u56fa\u305f\u308b\u8aac\u5f97\u529b\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u795e\u306e\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u3092\u5531\u3048\u308b\u6559\u7fa9\u304c\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u4ee5\u5916\u3067\u305d\u308c\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u56f0\u96e3\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u306e\u6839\u672c\u6559\u7fa9\u3078\u306e\u5fe0\u5b9f\u6027\u3001\u5ba3\u8a00\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u5bb9\u6613\u3055\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u3001\u307e\u305f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u4f1d\u64ad\u3059\u308b\u5ba3\u6559\u5e2b\u306e\u71b1\u70c8\u306a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8a3c\u62e0\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3001\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u306e\u6559\u3048\u306e\u5ba3\u6559\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6210\u529f\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u8981\u56e0\u306f\u6570\u591a\u304f\u3042\u308b\u3002\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u96e3\u89e3\u3055\u304c\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u304b\u308c\u305f\u660e\u5feb\u306a\u4fe1\u6761\u306b\u3088\u308a\u7406\u89e3\u304c\u3057\u6613\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u5171\u611f\u3092\u52dd\u3061\u53d6\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u529b\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3064\u3064\u3042\u308b\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u3044\u3084\u3001\u3082\u3046\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e<\/strong><strong>\u3060<\/strong><strong>\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\uff37\u30fb\u30e2\u30f3\u30c8\u30b4\u30e1\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30ef\u30c3\u30c8\u3001<em>Islam and Christianity Today<\/em>\uff08\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u3068\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5f92\uff09\u3001\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u30011983\u5e74\u3001IX\u9801\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u79c1\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u611f\u899a\u3067\u8a00\u3046\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001<\/strong><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u795e\u306b\u5f93\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u8005<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f<\/strong><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u9858\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3001\u30af\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5148\u898b\u306e\u660e\u306b\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u3092\u542b\u3080\u897f\u6d0b\u4eba\u3089\u304c\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b66\u3076\u3079\u304d\u591a\u304f\u306e\u795e\u7684\u771f\u7406\u304c\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001<\/strong><strong>&lsquo;<\/strong><strong>\u78ba\u5b9f<\/strong><strong>\u306b\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f<\/strong><strong>\u672a\u6765<\/strong><strong>\u306e<\/strong><strong>\u5b97\u6559<\/strong><strong>\u306e<\/strong><strong>\u4e00<\/strong><strong>\u3064\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e<\/strong><strong>\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u67a0\u7d44<\/strong><strong>\u307f\u3092<\/strong><strong>\u6210<\/strong><strong>\u3059\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046<\/strong><strong>\u6709\u529b\u5019\u88dc<\/strong><strong>\u306a\u306e\u3060<\/strong><strong>\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rsquo;&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30dd\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30f4\u30a1\u30fc\u30ed\u30fb\u30de\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\uff08\u7de8\u96c6\u8005\uff09\u3001<em>ISLAM, An Introduction for Christians<\/em>\uff08\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u7d39\u4ecb\uff09\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b0\u30ba\u30d0\u30fc\u30af\u3001\u30df\u30cd\u30a2\u30dd\u30ea\u30b9\u30011994\u5e74\u3001205\u9801\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u3068\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u96a3\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u305f\u3061\u306e\u6700\u3082\u5185\u306a\u308b\u672c\u8cea\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u4eba\u751f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5fc3\u69cb\u3048\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u76f8\u5f53\u306b\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8fd1\u4ee3\u897f\u6d0b\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u4f1d\u7d71\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6211\u3005\u306f\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u5927\u8846\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u4fe1\u6761\u306e\u6838\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3001<\/strong><strong>\u4e00<\/strong><strong>\u3064\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u656c\u610f\u3092\u6255\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u516c\u6b63\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306e\u5bfe\u8a71\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8\u30ca\u30fc\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30c7\u30f3\u30fb\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30ba\uff08\u7de8\u96c6\u8005\uff09\u3001ISLAM\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u30d6\u30e9\u30ba\u30a3\u30e9\u30fc\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\u30011962\u5e74\u3001\u30ab\u30d0\u30fc\u5185\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u5100\u793c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3092\u8d85\u8d8a\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff1a\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4eba\u751f\u306e\u7dcf\u5408\u7684\u306a\u751f\u304d\u65b9\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u4e16\u754c\u5b97\u6559\u3088\u308a\u3082\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408<\/strong><strong>\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066<\/strong><strong>\u3001\u4fe1\u5949\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7d4c\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\uff08\u670d\u5f93\u3059\u308b\u8005\u306e\u610f\uff09\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u795e\u3068\u5411\u304d\u5408\u3063\u3066\u751f\u304d\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u751f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3092\u5206\u3051\u9694\u3066\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u304c\u5144\u5f1f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u795e\u306e\u610f\u5fd7\u3092\u9042\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u76f8\u4e92\u5354\u529b\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5b97\u6559\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\uff2c\u30fb\u30a8\u30b9\u30dd\u30b8\u30c8\u3001<em>ISLAM, The Straight Path<\/em>\u3001\u30aa\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u5c40\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\u30011988\u5e74\u30013&minus;4\u9801\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;<\/strong><strong>\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u3068\u306f\u30bb\u30e0\u7cfb\u5553\u793a\u5b97\u6559\u306e\u9577\u304d\u4f1d\u7d71\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u4e00\u795e\u8ad6\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5553\u793a\u3001\u8af8\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u3001\u502b\u7406\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u3001\u6b7b\u5f8c\u306e\u6e05\u7b97\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5be9\u5224\u306e\u65e5\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3092\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5f92\u3084\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30e0\u30b9\u30ea\u30e0\u3082\u305d\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3092\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u306b\u5e30\u3059\u308b\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u5b50\u5b6b\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u754c\u3068\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u30fb\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u529b\u5f37\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3044\u3063\u305f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u306f\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u5229\u76ca\u3068\u8cb8\u3057\u501f\u308a\u306e\u6e90\u6cc9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8aa4\u89e3\u3068\u4e89\u3044\u306e\u6e90\u6cc9\u3067\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/strong><strong>&rdquo;<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":16152,"lft":864,"rght":865,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-05T00:16:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T21:39:54.000000Z","language_id":16,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":1,"parent_id":540,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"Introducing Islam","category_slug":"Introducing-islam","get_date":"2014-08-05","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Islam, a Profound Civilization.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/ja-Islam, a Profound Civilization.docx"},{"id":548,"title":"What They Said about Muhammad","slug":"what-they-said-about-muhammad","word":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-What They Said about Muhammad.docx","pdf":"\/uploads\/articles\/en-What They Said about Muhammad.pdf","mime_type":null,"type":"node","path":"\/nodes\/view\/type:article\/slug:what-they-said-about-muhammad","hint":"","body":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>What They Said about Muhammad<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><br \/><\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(part 1 of 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/images\/What_They_Said_about_Muhammad_(part_1_of_3)_001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">During the centuries of the Crusades, all sorts of slanders were invented against the Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him.&nbsp; With the birth of the modern age, however, marked with religious tolerance and freedom of thought, there has been a great change in the approach of Western authors in their delineation of his life and character.&nbsp; The views of some non-Muslim scholars regarding Prophet Muhammad, given at the end, justify this opinion.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The West has still to go a step forward to discover the greatest reality about Muhammad, and that is his being the true and last Prophet of God for all of humanity.&nbsp; In spite of all its objectivity and enlightenment there has been no sincere and objective attempt by the West to understand the Prophethood of Muhammad.&nbsp; It is so strange that very glowing tributes are paid to him for his integrity and achievement, but his claim of being the Prophet of God has been rejected explicitly and implicitly.&nbsp; It is here that a searching of the heart is required, and a review if the so-called objectivity is needed.&nbsp; The following glaring facts from the life of Muhammad &nbsp;have been furnished to facilitate an unbiased, logical and objective decision regarding his Prophethood.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Up to the age of forty, Muhammad was not known as a statesman, a preacher or an orator.&nbsp; He was never seen discussing the principles of metaphysics, ethics, law, politics, economics or sociology.&nbsp; No doubt he possessed an excellent character, charming manners and was highly cultured.&nbsp; Yet there was nothing so deeply striking and so radically extraordinary in him that would make men expect something great and revolutionary from him in the future.&nbsp; But when he came out from the Cave of Hira with a new message, he was completely transformed.&nbsp; Is it possible for such a person of the above qualities to turn all of a sudden into &lsquo;an imposter&rsquo; and claim to be the Prophet of God and thus invite the rage of his people? &nbsp;One might ask, for what reason did he suffer all the hardships imposed on him? &nbsp;His people offered to accept him as their king and to lay all the riches of the land at his feet if only he would leave the preaching of his religion.&nbsp; But he chose to refuse their tempting offers and go on preaching his religion single-handedly in the face of all kinds of insults, social boycott and even physical assault by his own people.&nbsp; Was it not only God&rsquo;s support and his firm will to disseminate the message of God and his deep-rooted belief that ultimately Islam would emerge as the only way of life for humanity, that he stood like a mountain in the face of all opposition and conspiracies to eliminate him? &nbsp;Furthermore, had he come with a design of rivalry with the Christians and the Jews, why should he have made belief in Jesus and Moses and other Prophets of God, peace be upon them, a basic requirement of faith without which no one could be a Muslim?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Is it not an incontrovertible proof of his Prophethood that in spite of being unlettered and having led a very normal and quiet life for forty years, when he began preaching his message, all of Arabia stood in awe and wonder at his wonderful eloquence and oratory? &nbsp;It was so matchless that the whole legion of Arab poets, preachers and orators of the highest caliber failed to bring forth its equivalent.&nbsp; And above all, how could he then pronounce truths of a scientific nature contained in the Quran that no human being could possibly have developed at that time?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Last but not least, why did he lead a hard life, even after gaining power and authority? &nbsp;Just ponder over the words he uttered while dying:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-hadeeth-or-bible\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&ldquo;We, the community of the Prophets, are not inherited.&nbsp; Whatever we leave behind is for charity.&rdquo;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">As a matter of fact, Muhammad is the last link of the chain of Prophets sent in different lands and times since the beginning of human life on this planet.&nbsp; The following parts will cover the writings of some non-Muslim authors regarding Muhammad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(part 2 of 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Lamartine, Histoire de la Turquie, Paris 1854, Vol II, pp. 276-77:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;If greatness of purpose, smallness of means, and astounding results are the three criteria of human genius, who could dare to compare any great man in modern history with Muhammad? &nbsp;The most famous men created arms, laws and empires only.&nbsp; They founded, if anything at all, no more than material powers which often crumbled away before their eyes.&nbsp; This man moved not only armies, legislations, empires, peoples and dynasties, but millions of men in one-third of the then inhabited world; and more than that, he moved the altars, the gods, the religions, the ideas, the beliefs and souls... the forbearance in victory, his ambition, which was entirely devoted to one idea and in no manner striving for an empire; his endless prayers, his mystic conversations with God, his death and his triumph after death; all these attest not to an imposture but to a firm conviction which gave him the power to restore a dogma.&nbsp; This dogma was twofold, the unit of God and the immateriality of God; the former telling what God is, the latter telling what God is not; the one overthrowing false gods with the sword, the other starting an idea with words.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;Philosopher, orator, apostle, legislator, warrior, conqueror of ideas, restorer of rational dogmas, of a cult without images; the founder of twenty terrestrial empires and of one spiritual empire, that is Muhammad.&nbsp; As regards all standards by which human greatness may be measured, we may well ask, is there any man greater than he?&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Edward Gibbon and Simon Ocklay, History of the Saracen Empire, London, 1870, p. 54:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;It is not the propagation but the permanency of his religion that deserves our wonder, the same pure and perfect impression which he engraved at Mecca and Medina is preserved, after the revolutions of twelve centuries by the Indian, the African and the Turkish proselytes of the Quran...The Mahometans<a title=\" The term Mahometans and Mohammadanism is a misnomer introduced by orientalists certain due to their lack of understanding of Islam, in analogy to Christ and Christianity.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/197\/#_ftn22235\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;have uniformly withstood the temptation of reducing the object of their faith and devotion to a level with the senses and imagination of man.&nbsp; &lsquo;I believe in One God and Mahomet the Apostle of God&rsquo;, is the simple and invariable profession of Islam.&nbsp; The intellectual image of the Deity has never been degraded by any visible idol; the honors of the prophet have never transgressed the measure of human virtue, and his living precepts have restrained the gratitude of his disciples within the bounds of reason and religion.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Bosworth Smith, Mohammed and Mohammadanism, London 1874, p. 92:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;He was Caesar and Pope in one; but he was Pope without Pope&rsquo;s pretensions, Caesar without the legions of Caesar: without a standing army, without a bodyguard, without a palace, without a fixed revenue; if ever any man had the right to say that he ruled by the right divine, it was Mohammed, for he had all the power without its instruments and without its supports.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Annie Besant, The Life and Teachings of Muhammad, Madras 1932, p. 4:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;It is impossible for anyone who studies the life and character of the great Prophet of Arabia, who knows how he taught and how he lived, to feel anything but reverence for that mighty Prophet, one of the great messengers of the Supreme.&nbsp; And although in what I put to you I shall say many things which may be familiar to many, yet I myself feel whenever I re-read them, a new way of admiration, a new sense of reverence for that mighty Arabian teacher.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">W. Montgomery, Mohammad at Mecca, Oxford 1953, p. 52:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;His readiness to undergo persecutions for his beliefs, the high moral character of the men who believed in him and looked up to him as leader, and the greatness of his ultimate achievement &ndash; all argue his fundamental integrity.&nbsp; To suppose Muhammad an impostor raises more problems than it solves.&nbsp; Moreover, none of the great figures of history is so poorly appreciated in the West as Muhammad.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">James A. Michener, &lsquo;Islam: The Misunderstood Religion&rsquo; in Reader&rsquo;s Digest (American Edition), May 1955, pp. 68-70:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;Muhammad, the inspired man who founded Islam, was born about A.D. 570 into an Arabian tribe that worshipped idols.&nbsp; Orphaned at birth, he was always particularly solicitous of the poor and needy, the widow and the orphan, the slave and the downtrodden.&nbsp; At twenty he was already a successful businessman, and soon became director of camel caravans for a wealthy widow.&nbsp; When he reached twenty-five, his employer, recognizing his merit, proposed marriage.&nbsp; Even though she was fifteen years older, he married her, and as long as she lived, remained a devoted husband.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;Like almost every major prophet before him, Muhammad fought shy of serving as the transmitter of God&rsquo;s word, sensing his own inadequacy.&nbsp; But the angel commanded &lsquo;Read&rsquo;.&nbsp; So far as we know, Muhammad was unable to read or write, but he began to dictate those inspired words which would soon revolutionize a large segment of the earth: &ldquo;There is one God.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;In all things Muhammad was profoundly practical.&nbsp; When his beloved son Ibrahim died, an eclipse occurred, and rumors of God&rsquo;s personal condolence quickly arose.&nbsp; Whereupon Muhammad is said to have announced, &lsquo;An eclipse is a phenomenon of nature.&nbsp; It is foolish to attribute such things to the death or birth of a human-being.&rsquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;At Muhammad&rsquo;s own death an attempt was made to deify him, but the man who was to become his administrative successor killed the hysteria with one of the noblest speeches in religious history: &lsquo;If there are any among you who worshipped Muhammad, he is dead.&nbsp; But if it is God you worshipped, He lives forever.&rsquo;&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Michael H. Hart, The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History, New York: Hart Publishing Company, Inc. 1978, p. 33:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;My choice of Muhammad to lead the list of the world&rsquo;s most influential persons may surprise some readers and may be questioned by others, but he was the only man in history who was supremely successful on both the religious and secular level.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n<hr size=\"2\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a title=\"Back to the refrence of this footnote\" href=\"http:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/197\/#_ftnref22235\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;The term Mahometans and Mohammadanism is a misnomer introduced by orientalists certain due to their lack of understanding of Islam, in analogy to Christ and Christianity.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(part 3 of 3)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Encyclopedia Britannica:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;....a mass of detail in the early sources show that he was an honest and upright man who had gained the respect and loyalty of others who were like-wise honest and upright men.&rdquo; (Vol. 12)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">George Bernard Shaw said about him:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;He must be called the Saviour of Humanity. &nbsp;I believe that if a man like him were to assume the dictatorship of the modern world, he would succeed in solving its problems in a way that would bring it much needed peace and happiness.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(The Genuine Islam, Singapore, Vol. 1, No. 8, 1936)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">He was by far the most remarkable man that ever set foot on this earth.&nbsp; He preached a religion, founded a state, built a nation, laid down a moral code, initiated numerous social and political reforms, established a powerful and dynamic society to practice and represent his teachings and completely revolutionized the worlds of human thought and behavior for all times to come.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Prophet Muhammad was born in Arabia in the year 570 C.E., started his mission of preaching the religion of Truth, Islam (submission to One God) at the age of forty and departed from this world at the age of sixty-three.&nbsp; During this short period of twenty three years of his Prophethood, he changed the complete Arabian peninsula from paganism and idolatry to worship of One God, from tribal quarrels and wars to national solidarity and cohesion, from drunkenness and debauchery to sobriety and piety, from lawlessness and anarchy to disciplined living, from utter bankruptcy to the highest standards of moral excellence.&nbsp; Human history has never known such a complete transformation of a people or a place before or since - and imagine all these unbelievable wonders in just over two decades.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The world has had its share of great personalities.&nbsp; But these were one-sided figures who distinguished themselves in but one or two fields, such as religious thought or military leadership.&nbsp; The lives and teachings of these great personalities of the world are shrouded in the mist of time.&nbsp; There is so much speculation about the time and place of their birth, the mode and style of their life, the nature and detail of their teachings and the degree and measure of their success or failure that it is impossible for humanity to reconstruct accurately the lives and teachings of these men.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Not so this man.&nbsp; Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, accomplished so much in such diverse fields of human thought and behavior in the fullest blaze of human history.&nbsp; Every detail of his private life and public utterances has been accurately documented and faithfully preserved to our day.&nbsp; The authenticity of the record so preserved are vouched for not only by the faithful followers but even by his prejudiced critics.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Muhammad was a religious teacher, a social reformer, a moral guide, an administrative colossus, a faithful friend, a wonderful companion, a devoted husband, a loving father - all in one.&nbsp; No other man in history ever excelled or equaled him in any of these different aspects of life - but it was only for the selfless personality of Muhammad to achieve such incredible perfections.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Mahatma Gandhi, speaking on the character of Muhammad, says in (Young India):<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;I wanted to know the best of one who holds today&rsquo;s undisputed sway over the hearts of millions of mankind....I became more than convinced that it was not the sword that won a place for Islam in those days in the scheme of life.&nbsp; It was the rigid simplicity, the utter self-effacement of the Prophet, the scrupulous regard for his pledges, his intense devotion to this friends and followers, his intrepidity, his fearlessness, his absolute trust in God and in his own mission.&nbsp; These and not the sword carried everything before them and surmounted every obstacle.&nbsp; When I closed the 2nd volume (of the Prophet&rsquo;s biography), I was sorry there was not more for me to read of the great life.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Thomas Carlyle in his (Heroes and Heroworship), was simply amazed as to:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;how one man single-handedly, could weld warring tribes and wandering Bedouins into a most powerful and civilized nation in less than two decades.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Diwan Chand Sharma wrote:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;Muhammad was the soul of kindness, and his influence was felt and never forgotten by those around him.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(D.C. Sharma, The Prophet of the East, Calcutta, 1935, pp. 12)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Muhammad was nothing more or less than a human being.&nbsp; But he was a man with a noble mission, which was to unite humanity on the worship of One and Only One God and to teach them the way to honest and upright living based on the commands of God.&nbsp; He always described himself as, &ldquo;A Servant and Messenger of God,&rdquo; and so indeed every action of his proclaimed to be.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Speaking on the aspect of equality before God in Islam, the famous poetess of India, Sarojini Naidu says:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;It was the first religion that preached and practiced democracy; for, in the mosque, when the call for prayer is sounded and worshippers are gathered together, the democracy of Islam is embodied five times a day when the peasant and king kneel side by side and proclaim: &lsquo;God Alone is Great&rsquo;...&nbsp; I have been struck over and over again by this indivisible unity of Islam that makes man instinctively a brother.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(S. Naidu, Ideals of Islam, vide Speeches &amp; Writings, Madras, 1918, p. 169)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">In the words of Prof. Hurgronje:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;The league of nations founded by the prophet of Islam put the principle of international unity and human brotherhood on such universal foundations as to show candle to other nations.&rdquo; He continues: &ldquo;The fact is that no nation of the world can show a parallel to what Islam has done towards the realization of the idea of the League of Nations.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The world has not hesitated to raise to divinity, individuals whose lives and missions have been lost in legend.&nbsp; Historically speaking, none of these legends achieved even a fraction of what Muhammad accomplished.&nbsp; And all his striving was for the sole purpose of uniting mankind for the worship of One God on the codes of moral excellence.&nbsp; Muhammad or his followers never at any time claimed that he was a Son of God or the God-incarnate or a man with divinity - but he always was and is even today considered as only a Messenger chosen by God.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">K. S. Ramakrishna Rao, an Indian Professor of Philosophy in his booklet, (&ldquo;Muhammad, The Prophet of Islam,&rdquo;) calls him the<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;Perfect model for human life.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Prof. Ramakrishna Rao explains his point by saying:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&ldquo;The personality of Muhammad, it is most difficult to get into the whole truth of it.&nbsp; Only a glimpse of it I can catch.&nbsp; What a dramatic succession of picturesque scenes! &nbsp;There is Muhammad, the Prophet.&nbsp; There is Muhammad, the Warrior; Muhammad, the Businessman; Muhammad, the Statesman; Muhammad, the Orator; Muhammad, the Reformer; Muhammad, the Refuge of Orphans; Muhammad, the Protector of Slaves; Muhammad, the Emancipator of Women; Muhammad, the Judge; Muhammad, the Saint.&nbsp; All in all these magnificent roles, in all these departments of human activities, he is alike a hero.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Today after a lapse of fourteen centuries, the life and teachings of Muhammad have survived without the slightest loss, alteration or interpolation.&nbsp; They offer the same undying hope for treating mankind&rsquo;s many ills, which they did when he was alive.&nbsp; This is not a claim of Muhammad&rsquo;s followers but also the inescapable conclusion forced upon by a critical and unbiased history.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The least you could do as a thinking and concerned human being is to stop for a moment and ask yourself: Could these statements sounding so extraordinary and revolutionary be really true? &nbsp;And supposing they really are true and you did not know this man Muhammad or hear about him, isn&rsquo;t it time you responded to this tremendous challenge and put in some effort to know him?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"w-body-text-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">It will cost you nothing but it may prove to be the beginning of a completely new era in your life.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h1>","excerpt":"","terms":null,"visibility_roles":"","comment_status":1,"comment_count":0,"read_counter":23142,"lft":867,"rght":876,"promote":1,"sticky":0,"status":1,"publish_start":null,"publish_end":null,"created_at":"2014-08-05T00:16:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T21:30:41.000000Z","language_id":1,"user_id":7,"author_id":2082,"publisher_id":0,"category_id":2,"parent_id":null,"author_name":"iiie.net","category_name":"Muhammad (PBUH)","category_slug":"Muhammad-(PBUH)","get_date":"2014-08-05","pdf_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-What They Said about Muhammad.pdf","word_asset":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/uploads\/articles\/en-What They Said about Muhammad.docx"}],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082?articles_page=1","from":1,"last_page":3,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082?articles_page=3","links":[{"url":null,"label":"&laquo; Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082?articles_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082?articles_page=2","label":"2","page":2,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082?articles_page=3","label":"3","page":3,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082?articles_page=2","label":"Next &raquo;","page":2,"active":false}],"next_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082?articles_page=2","path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":25,"total":69},"fatawas":{"current_page":1,"data":[],"first_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082?fatawas_page=1","from":null,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082?fatawas_page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"&laquo; Previous","page":null,"active":false},{"url":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082?fatawas_page=1","label":"1","page":1,"active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next &raquo;","page":null,"active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"http:\/\/www.islamland.com\/sep\/api\/authors\/2082","per_page":25,"prev_page_url":null,"to":null,"total":0},"books_total":0,"videos_total":0,"audios_total":0,"fatawas_total":0,"articles_total":69,"q":"","count":69}